230



Web System for Online and Onsite Usage of Geoinformation by
Surveying Sector in Kosovo. Case Study: Ferizaj Municipality

Bashkim Idrizi, Mirdon Kurteshi
Department of Geodesy, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”

Str. "George Bush", no.31, 10 000 Prishtinë, Kosovo
bashkim.idrizi@uni-pr.edu, mirdoni@hotmail.com

Received 18 August 2019/ Revised 29 October 2019/ Accepted 1 November 2019/ Published 1 December 2019/

Available Online 25 November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of research to determine and contribute in more efficient services to
geoinformation stakeholders, as well as to give positive impact on increasing income in geo
business sector, voluntary based web system for online usage of geoinformation in Kosovo
has been developed. The method used was puting in to one place many sourcec via WMS and
WFS services, by creating thematic SDI, in order to have online system with dynamic data
comming from official databases with update from last day on 5 pm. System is open for
usage by all interested parts, however official registration is required. It contains
geoinformation from many databases such as cadastral, orthophoto, municipal, and basemaps
from open layers. The results show that the system is extendable and it is permanently
including new datasets based on the user requirements. All available data is linked via web
services, which gives an opportunity to users to use the updated version of datasets as they
are published by responsible institution via www (world wide web).

Keywords: web map, geoportal, geoinformation, web services, Kosovo

1. Introduction

In this era Web has changed every aspect of our life from our daily activities to our

profession’s activities like our jobs and so on. Among these changes, GIS has been affected

by this technology and a new technology, which is called Web GIS, appeared. Today, a vast

majority of Internet users uses this technology but most of them don’t notice it. Web GIS

originates from a combination of web technology and the Geographical Information System,

which is a recognized technology that is mainly composed of data handling tools for storage,

recovery, management and analysis of spatial data Web GIS is a kind of distributed

information system.

Web services are self-contained, self-describing, modular applications that can be

published, located, and dynamically invoked across the web (ISO 2001). Web services

provide access to sets of operations accessible through one or more standardized interfaces

GEOSFERA INDONESIA
p-ISSN 2598-9723, e-ISSN 2614-8528  Vol.4 No. 3 (2019), 230-246, December, 2019
https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/GEOSI
DOI : 10.19184/geosi.v4i3.13469
Accredited by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia, No. 30/E/KPT/2019.



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

(Alameh, 2010). While general web services provide interoperability between systems in

different domains, geospatial web services introduce geographic reasoning to the services and

go a step further by facilitating cross-institutional interchange of geographic data and services

over the internet, and by improving the sharing of geographic resources among a variety of

data sources (Davis and Alves, 2007). Web Services give us a means of interoperability

between different software applications running on a variety of platforms. Web Services

support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. Every Web Service

has an interface described in a machine-readable format (Savar, Pierce and Fox, 2005).

Geospatial web services differ from the regular web services by the presence of

geographic data on the input (e.g., a bounding box), or on the output (e. g., a basemap of a

city), or even on the type of processing (e. g., verification of whether a street crosses

another), or in a combination of them (Davis and Alves, 2007).

Gradual on-going transformation is primarily fueled by the growing role of GIS in

today’s organizations, the increasing availability of spatial data and its inherent

conduciveness to reuse, the relative maturity of web and distributed computing technologies,

and the key role of GIS in a promising location-based services market (Alameh, 2010). In

order to create architecture for the GIS services, it is necessary to create Web Service

correspondences of each GIS services. GIS services can be grouped into three categories:

Data services, processing services, and Registry or Catalog services (Sayar, 2008).

Online mapping services from different providers cannot, in most cases, interoperate

or communicate with one another. Thus, it is seldom possible for a user to get a hazardous

waste map from one Web site and a street map from another site and overlay them in the

same composite map (Sahin and Gumusay, 2008). To fully realize the capability and benefits

of geographic information and GIS technology, spatial data needs to be shared and systems

need to be interoperable (ESRI, 2003). The future of GIS technology depends on the

interoperability with Web services. Web services are accessible with browsers, telephones,

PDA’s and most of the upcoming information devices (Ummadi, 2008).

Performed research presented in this paper is related directly to usage of web-based

technology in GI science, with practical example in Ferizaj municipality in the Republic of

Kosova. Lack of developed online systems in Kosova for users in geo community was the

main driver for performing this research, as well establishing an SDI, and developing

platform by including dynamically many official geo databases coming from different

sources, as well open layers. Challenge of this research project was to include in one place



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

232

geodata from different SDI levels, i.e. local (municipal), national (geoportal), and global

(open layers) SDIs’, to provide to geo community a system for online field use with updated

data, to increase the awareness for using online systems in practice by all geo stakeholders, to

speedup field work in geo sector, as well rational use of web services enabled by WEB GIS

technology and contents in geoportal of the Republic of Kosova.

Previous studies related to this research are web-based geoinformation could be a

reference in making decisions related to wetland area planning (Siles et al, 2019). General

data integration could be done using geospatial analysis (Walter and Sörgel, 2018).

Environmental change analysis could be assessed using temporal analysis (Gitis et al, 2016).

Human resource development is the most important thing for the success of the quality of

geospatial analysis (Mwange et al, 2018). The concept of GI is very useful for the

development of geospatial analysis related to spatial patterns (Henzen, 2018).

The above research’ results have not reviewed the web system related to online and

onsite usage integration, so the current research will be focus on the study of online and

onsite usage implementation on geoinformation systems. The purpose of research to

determine and contribute in more efficient services to geoinformation stakeholders, as well as

to give positive impact on increasing income in geo business sector, voluntary based web

system for online usage of geoinformation in Kosovo has been developed.

2. Methods

The method of this study based on establishing the SDI, based on another existing

SDI’s in local, national and global level, by puting in to one place many sourcec via WMS

and WFS services. Main objective is to have online system with dynamic data comming from

official databases with update from last day on 5pm. This anable to have system without

developed own database.

The system was developed by using many software for desktop usage, server usage,

database, and programing, as HTML, PHP, JAVASCRIPT, SQL and CSS, while the SQL

database for cadastral parcels as encrypted data is used for the system, and shapefiles are

converted to KMZ and JSON files in order to be used in system.

System interface is developed to be easy for use by all users, without need for deeper

knowledge on WEB GIS and/or SDI, in national Albanian language.

Based on main field activities of geo experts, especially in cadaster, topographic

surveying, and urban/spatial planning, aimed to be friendly for users, system was



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

methodologically divided in six modules, linked dynamically with external databases, that

enable users to find provided products, transform coordinates between different CRSs’, find

products based on location/coordinates, divide parcels in ideal parts, find roads by attributes

and obtain list of spatial coordinates in different coordinate systems.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1 Online and onsite usage of geoinformation

There is a global set of principles on how to publish data developed by governments,

civil society, and data experts. Most government data are inaccessible to the regular citizen,

unless someone makes a request. There are justifiable reasons to limit access to certain types

of data, for security or data protection purposes, but there is a growing movement across the

globe to make data available to the public to make informed decisions and participate in civil

discourse. Right management with environment has direct impact on society developing,

which also means direct impact on human life.

LBS represents a progressive development from Internet GIS and mobile computing

and relies on new information and communication technologies (NICTs) such the latest

generation mobile phones using high-level communication protocols (e.g. WAP) and

personal digital assistants (PDA) with the ability to be ‘location aware’ either through the use

of embedded GPS or network-based methods. The convergence of the various technologies is

illustrated in Figure 2 (Brimicombe, 2002), which shows the technological ability for

establishing web system for online and onsite usage of geoinformation.

Figure 1. GIS cloud architecture Figure 2. Convergence of technologies to
create location based services (LBS)



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

234

(Brimicombe, 2002)

3.2 Available geoinformation datasets in Kosovo useful for surveying sector

The Kosova Cadastral Agency (KCA) is main governmental institution responsible

for standardization of spatial data, as well integrating all spatial data in national level within

the national geoportal. Under direct responsibility of KCA, national geoportal is established

and operational, with a huge number of available spatial datasets such as orthophoto, aerial

photography’s, topographic maps, cadastral units, administrative units, utilities, cadastral

maps, referent networks, address system, road network, railways, hydrology, population,

agricultural statistics, protested sites, valuation zones, land cover, geology, climatology,

measurements and sizes, and sketches. All above mentioned spatial datasets, are open for

usage by stakeholders via WMS (http://geoportal.rks-gov.net/wms), which give opportunity

for utilization of all data published in geoportal directly in software/application.

3.3 Developing web system for online and onsite usage of geoinformation

The web system for online and onsite usage of geoinofmration by surveying sector in

the Republic of Kosova, has been developed based on above mentioned criteria/standards for

web GIS and SDI, as well as available datasets via web servers. Objectives of new platform

are joint usage of many databases, fast action, decrease cost and time consuming, and simple

user interface.

3.4 Software

The system development was performed by using/combining many software for

desktop usage, server usage, database, and programing. As basic programing platforms were

used HTML, PHP (fig.3), JAVASCRIPT, SQL (fig.5) and CSS (fig.4). Bellow some code

extracts are given for HTML, PHP [6], CSS, and JAVASCRIPT [9].



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

Figure 3. Example of PHP code Figure 4. Example of CSS code

SQL database [11] for cadastral parcels as encrypted data is used for the system, while
shapefiles are converted to KMZ and JSON files.

Figure 5. Example of SQL database Figure 6. Example of code in KMZ file

Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

Figure 3. Example of PHP code Figure 4. Example of CSS code

SQL database [11] for cadastral parcels as encrypted data is used for the system, while
shapefiles are converted to KMZ and JSON files.

Figure 5. Example of SQL database Figure 6. Example of code in KMZ file

Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

Figure 3. Example of PHP code Figure 4. Example of CSS code

SQL database [11] for cadastral parcels as encrypted data is used for the system, while
shapefiles are converted to KMZ and JSON files.

Figure 5. Example of SQL database Figure 6. Example of code in KMZ file



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

236

Figure 7. Example of code in JSON file

3.5 Inputs

As input data needed for field work of surveyors in performing cadastral measurements,

many data sources have been linked within our system, in order to be used together within

same SDI. Since cadastral sector require spatial data related to boundaries of land parcels,

constructions, infrastructure objects etc., input datasets via web services are as bellow:

parcel numbers via KCA geoportal in JSON format (figure 8), parcel number, area, polygon

coordinates and coordinate system via WFS of KCA geoportal in XML format parcel

number, code of cadastral zone, centroid coordinates, and coordinate system via WFS of

KCA geoportal in XML format, cadastral parcels, orthophoto maps, geodetic network points

and parcel numbers as image via WMS of KCA geoportal in JPEG, TIFF and/or GEOTIFF

formats, geodetic points via WFS of KCA geoportal in JSON format API to google satellite

images as open layer via googleapis , attribute data of urban developing plan (for destination

of areas, roads in all levels, cadastral zones, forests, agricultural land, and hydrography) via

WMS link to the municipal database, attribute data of urban regulatory plan (for buildings

line and regulation line) via WMS link to the municipal database (figure 10), and other data

via WFS of geoserver in formats GML2 and JSON.

Figure 8. Example of parcel numbers in JSON format

Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

236

Figure 7. Example of code in JSON file

3.5 Inputs

As input data needed for field work of surveyors in performing cadastral measurements,

many data sources have been linked within our system, in order to be used together within

same SDI. Since cadastral sector require spatial data related to boundaries of land parcels,

constructions, infrastructure objects etc., input datasets via web services are as bellow:

parcel numbers via KCA geoportal in JSON format (figure 8), parcel number, area, polygon

coordinates and coordinate system via WFS of KCA geoportal in XML format parcel

number, code of cadastral zone, centroid coordinates, and coordinate system via WFS of

KCA geoportal in XML format, cadastral parcels, orthophoto maps, geodetic network points

and parcel numbers as image via WMS of KCA geoportal in JPEG, TIFF and/or GEOTIFF

formats, geodetic points via WFS of KCA geoportal in JSON format API to google satellite

images as open layer via googleapis , attribute data of urban developing plan (for destination

of areas, roads in all levels, cadastral zones, forests, agricultural land, and hydrography) via

WMS link to the municipal database, attribute data of urban regulatory plan (for buildings

line and regulation line) via WMS link to the municipal database (figure 10), and other data

via WFS of geoserver in formats GML2 and JSON.

Figure 8. Example of parcel numbers in JSON format

Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

236

Figure 7. Example of code in JSON file

3.5 Inputs

As input data needed for field work of surveyors in performing cadastral measurements,

many data sources have been linked within our system, in order to be used together within

same SDI. Since cadastral sector require spatial data related to boundaries of land parcels,

constructions, infrastructure objects etc., input datasets via web services are as bellow:

parcel numbers via KCA geoportal in JSON format (figure 8), parcel number, area, polygon

coordinates and coordinate system via WFS of KCA geoportal in XML format parcel

number, code of cadastral zone, centroid coordinates, and coordinate system via WFS of

KCA geoportal in XML format, cadastral parcels, orthophoto maps, geodetic network points

and parcel numbers as image via WMS of KCA geoportal in JPEG, TIFF and/or GEOTIFF

formats, geodetic points via WFS of KCA geoportal in JSON format API to google satellite

images as open layer via googleapis , attribute data of urban developing plan (for destination

of areas, roads in all levels, cadastral zones, forests, agricultural land, and hydrography) via

WMS link to the municipal database, attribute data of urban regulatory plan (for buildings

line and regulation line) via WMS link to the municipal database (figure 10), and other data

via WFS of geoserver in formats GML2 and JSON.

Figure 8. Example of parcel numbers in JSON format



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

Figure 9. Example of geodetic points in JSON file



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

238

Figure 10. Example of urban regulatory plan

3.6 Functionalities and usage

Developed system is available via direct link in web [14], accessible in all internet
browsers (figure 15), in order to be friendly and easy used by all potential users.

Figure 11. View of developed system via https://cadastral.ga/index.php

Interface is in national Albanian language, while its usage is limited just for

commercial purposes based on registered official users. It contains 6 (six) modules: (1) Find

products, (2) Transform coordinates, (3) Find product based on coordinates , (4) Ideal part of

parcel, (5) Find road, (6) Autocad (list)



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

First module of find products give opportunity to find parcel, select parcel (figure 15),

report on cadastral unit (figure 16), overlapped view of vector data with google image as

basemap, displaying vector data on urban developing plan and urban regulatory (figure 17).

Figure 12. Find and select parcel

Figure 13. View on cadastral and urbanistic data with google satellite images



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

240

Figure 14. Report on cadastral unit

Second module allow coordinate transformation between CRSs Kosovaref01, UTM

34N and WGS84, as vector/raster layers and as numerical values.

Third module provides function on search cadastral parcels based on the location defined

with coordinates. It gives data for cadastral parcel based on location of point with defined

coordinates, or list with information on cadastral zone, parcel number, area of polygon, and

coordinates of boundary line, based on touch between polygon and point defined with

coordinates (figure 15).



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

In fourth module calculation of ideal part of parcel between two or more co-owners is

enabled. Within this module two options are available: calculation of ideal part based on area

and the opposite, and displaying calculated values.

Fifth module enable finding roads based on spatial location defined with coordinates

and/or road name, as well displaying selected road with all attributes over the orthophoto

image (figure 19).

Sixth module allows getting list with cartesian coordinates for all boundary points of
cadastral parcels (figure 17).

Figure 15 Figure 16

Figure 17. List of cartesian points

Main output from research project is web based online system with six modules

(figure 15),that enable users to find provided products, transform coordinates between



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

242

different CRSs’, find products based on location/coordinates, divide parcels in ideal parts,

find roads by attributes and obtain list of spatial coordinates in different coordinate systems.

Established platform includes dynamically many official geo databases coming from

national cadastral database, national geoportal, different self-government sources, as well

open layers. Platform doesn’t have own database, due to usage of other geodata sources via

web services, as well the methodology for establishing of SDI. Open geospatial consortium

standards have been implemented in established platform.

Ferizaj municipality in the Republic of Kosova was case study area of performed

research. In order to match main field activities of geo experts, especially in fields of

cadaster, topographic surveying, and urban/spatial planning, platform is composed of six

modules, with very simple interface in national Albanian language. Established platform is

open and extendable. Based on user requirements, it is under permanent upgrading with new

functionalities and links to new databases.

This system currently is in use by private surveying sector in the Republic of Kosova,

started as pilot project in the area of Municipality of Ferizaj. Almost all cadastral offices

which belongs to the cadastral unit of Ferizaj, are the subscriber of this system, and are using

as basic platform for performing their activities in everyday work.

Usage of this platform is intending by developer to be used by all private surveying

companies in Kosovo. Until now, this platform is well known and recognized in Kosovo by

private surveying sector which are dealing with cadastral surveying, and the number of

subscribers is increasing permanently about 17% per year.

Main advantage of this platform is dynamic based and extendable system, by giving

opportunity to have in hand latest version of cadastral data coming by the national

responsible institution KCA, and platform is open for extend with new functionalities based

on users’ feedbacks. Since KCA updates its cadastral database everyday between 4 and 5pm

with changes happened within working day until 4pm, data available in this platform after

5pm is 100% same with the official cadastral database in KCA, while within working day

from 8am to 4pm it has small differences only in a part of parcels that were subject of work

in local cadastral offices. Joint usage of many databases, fast action, decrease cost and time

consuming, and simple user interface as predefined objectives of new platform, were reached

by developer and correctly recognized by users.

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) encompasses policies, institutional framework,

organizational guides, data, technologies, standards, delivery mechanisms, as well financial



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

and human resources, to acquire, process, store, distribute, improve utilization, in order to

increase access, availability, and sharing georeferenced spatial data, and to realize and foster

services for citizens (Idrizi, 2009). Integrating of spatial data in to one unique standardized

spatial data infrastructure, generate the simple and faster access to needed spatial data, more

transparency, high level of cooperation between responsible state institutions, increasing the

conscience for importance by spatial data, and much utilization of spatial data by all stake

holders, clients and customers (Idrizi, 2018). Based on SDI technology, in next figure 1 the

GIS cloud architecture which enables interlink between all GI actors.

Utilization of web services within SDI in order to support usage of geospatial

information by geoclients, enables preconditions for establishing of e-business system within

geo market. Commerce constitutes the exchange of products and services between

businesses, groups and individuals and can be seen as one of the essential activities of any

business. Electronic commerce focuses on the use of ICT to enable the external activities and

relationships of the business with individuals, groups and other businesses or e-business

refers to business with help of internet i.e. doing business with the help of internet network

(Ferdousi and Al-Faisal 2018). A collaborative relationship between e-business and web GIS

can manage huge data with the spatial reference which can be easily accessible to a different

level of consumer, employee as well as government (Chaudhuri, 2015).

Geofencing is a technology when a mobile device enters or exits a predefined virtual

geographic area and it generates a notification. It is one of the most popular Location Based

Services (LBS). LBS is commonly used in Web GIS because this technology is for mobile

clients and that’s why it is more frequently used (Ferdousi and Al-Faisal 2018).

Beside data available in national geoportal, all institutions in Kosova own their spatial

datasets according to their official responsibilities (https://www.rks-gov.net). Local self-

government develops three type of urbanistic plans, dedicated for spatial and urban planning

of the municipal area, i.e. Municipal Developing Plans, Urban Developing Plans, and Urban

Regulatory Plans (Idrizi et al, 2018), which are of big importance for everyday field work for

surveyors in Kosova.

The findings of this study are related to some of the results of previous studies.

Geospatial analysis could be used to overcome various kinds of problems in cities

(Bryukhanova et al, 2018). Algorithm based applications are used in environmental related

geospatial analysis (Nikolov et al, 2015). Automatic geodata services can meet the needs of a

growing number of environmental data (Shi, 2015). Geo information and web technology can



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

244

accommodate mathematical calculations for surveying purposes (Vorobev and Shakirova,

2016). Social aspects can be analyzed properly by using geoinformation (Glasze and Perkins,

2015)

The findings of this study have advantages compared to the results of the above

studies. These advantages are this platform has positive impact on increasing geo market and

extending geo business in Kosovo, which hastened practical act by surveying companies in

performing cadastral and urbanistic works. Thus, it is very important platform for land

administration and management system, real estate management, as well as sustainable

economic development in geo sector and beyond. Nowadays it is in use by private geodetic

sector, mainly for cadastral work, under managing of its developer, i.e. by second author of

this paper. Official registering for usage is obligatory for all interested users, and chargeable.

4 Conclusion

In the absence of official application for online usage of spatial data, a voluntary

platform for online and onsite usage of geoinformation coming from different databases.

Platform is designed to be used through internet browsers, in order to be simple for usage, as

well it is open for further extension with new modules and functionalities based on the user

requirements. It is limited for usage only by subscribers, with time limited account, while

there is not limit/levels for usage of modules by subscribers. Platform is well recognized in

cadastral sector, mainly in area of Ferizaj municipality, since the pilot project was developed

for this area. It is usable for entire area of Kosovo, because data used in system comes via

national and local web servers (wms, wfs), as well open layers, without developing own

databases.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization

regarding the material discussed in the article.

References

Alameh. N, (2010). Service chaining of interoperable Geographic Information Web Services.
Global Science and Technology. Greenbelt, USA.

Brimicombe, A.J. (2002). GIS-where are the frontiers now. GIS 2002. Bahrain.



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

Bryukhanova, E. A., Krupochkin, Y. P., & Rygalova, M. V. (2018). Geoinformation
technologies in the reconstruction of the social space of siberian cities at the turn of the
19–20th centuries (case study of the city of tobolsk). Journal of Siberian Federal
University - Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(8), 1229-1242. doi:10.17516/1997-
1370-0303

Chaudhuri, S. (2015). Application of Web Based Geographical Information Systems in e-
business. Maldives.

Davis, C.A. and Alves L.L. (2007). Geospatial web services, Vicosa, Brazil.

ESRI. (2003). Spatial Data Standards and GIS interoperability. White paper. ESRI. CA.
USA.

Ferdousi, . and Al-Faisal, A. (2018). Urban and regional planning. Rajshahi University of
Engineering and Technology. Rajshahi. Bangladesh.

Gitis, V., Derendyaev, A., & Weinstock, A. (2016). Web-based GIS technologies for
monitoring and analysis of spatio-temporal processes. International Journal of Web
Information Systems, 12(1), 102-124. doi:10.1108/IJWIS-10-2015-0032

Glasze, G., & Perkins, C. (2015). Social and political dimensions of the OpenStreetMap
project: Towards a critical geographical research agenda doi:10.1007/978-3-319-
14280-7_8

Henzen, C. (2018). Building a framework of usability patterns for web applications in spatial
data infrastructures. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(11)
doi:10.3390/ijgi7110446

Idrizi, B. (2009). Developing of National Spatial Data Infrastructure of Macedonia according
to global standardization (GSDI and INSPIRE) and local status. Conference of
Nikodinovski.  Skopje. Macedonia.

Idrizi, B. (2018). General Conditions of Spatial Data Infrastructure. International Journal on
Natural and Engineering Sciences. Turkey.

Idrizi, B. Sulejmani, V. Zimeri, Z. (2018). Multi-scale map for three levels of spatial planning
data sets for the municipality of Vitia in Kosova. 7th ICC&GIS conference. Sozopol.
Bulgaria.

Mwange, C., Mulaku, G. C., & Siriba, D. N. (2018). Reviewing the status of national spatial
data infrastructures in africa. Survey Review, 50(360), 191-200.
doi:10.1080/00396265.2016.1259720



Bashkim Idrizi and Mirdon Kurteshi / GEOSI Vol 4 No 3 (2019) 230-246

246

Nikolov, B. P., Zharkikh, J. I., Soloviev, A. A., Krasnoperov, R. I., & Agayan, S. M. (2015).
Integration of data mining methods for earth science data analysis in GIS
environment. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15(4) doi:10.2205/2015ES000559

Sahin, K. and Gumusay, M.U. (2008). Service oriented architecture based web services for
geographic information systems. The international archives of the remote sensing,
photogrammetry and spatial information sciences. Vol XXXVII. Beijing. China.

Sayar, A. (2008). GIS service oriented architecture. Community grids laboratory. IN, USA.

Shi, S. (2015). Design and development of an online geoinformation service delivery of
geospatial models in the united kingdom. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(10), 7069-
7080. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4243-8

Siles, G., Charland, A., Voirin, Y., & Bénié, G. B. (2019). Integration of landscape and
structure indicators into a web-based geoinformation system for assessing wetlands
status. Ecological Informatics, 52, 166-176. doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.05.011

Ummadi, P. (2008). Standards and Interoperability in GIS, Michigan State University. MI,
USA.

Vorobev, A. V., & Shakirova, G. R. (2016). Web-based geoinformation system for exploring
geomagnetic field, its variations and anomalies doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29589-3_2

Walter, V., & Sörgel, U. (2018). Implementation, results, and problems of paid crowd-based
geospatial data collection. PFG - Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and
Geoinformation Science, 86(3-4), 187-197. doi:10.1007/s41064-018-0058-z