https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v7i3.34637 Research Article The Compatibility of Area Functions Map with Actual Site Conditions in Konawe Selatan District La Ode Nursalam1,*, Agus Sugiarto2, Putri Tipa Anasi2, Ahmad Tarmizi Abd Karim3, Fahrudi Ahwan Ikhsan4, Andri Estining Sejati5 1Geography Education Department, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia 2Geography Education Department, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia 3Civil Engineering and Built Environment Faculty, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia 4Geography Education Department, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia 5Geography Education Study Program, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, Kolaka, Indonesia *Corresponding author, Email address : laodenursalam77@gmail.com 1. Introduction Konawe Selatan is one of the districts in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The mapping of its regional functions is useful in planning a land conversion to reduce potential disasters. The conversion of forests can cause floods through deforestation (Appannagari, 2018; Hamdani et al., 2014). The Konawe Selatan District is vital in maintaining environmental stability with its steep slopes and hilly morphology. Environmental changes have spatial relations with the surrounding area, such as Kendari City, Bombana District, and Konawe District, which is directly bordered. Mapping land use activities following the planned function of an area is essential in maintaining the stability of the environment and the surrounding. ABSTRACT The Konawe Selatan District region is characterized by Karst hills, various soil types, and steep slopes. Functional classification considers the physical and non- physical characteristics of the location to determine its many uses. The map developed by the Regulation of the Agriculture Minister of Indonesia should be checked with the actual condition for the validation process before presenting to the society and Local government. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the compatibility of the area function map result with the actual conditions in Konawe Selatan District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research is a regional survey, collecting data from interviews and observations, and the data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively with percentages. The results show that the compatibility of the Konawe Selatan District area function map is 89.61%, functioning as a guideline in the land use plan. Furthermore, the map could guide potential land-use planning functions such as protected forests, limited production forests, rice fields, and settlements. In conclusion, the map is appropriate for disseminating information and material for land use policies in Konawe Selatan District to stakeholders. Keywords : actual condition; area function; compatibility; map ARTICLE INFO Article history Received : 26 October 2022 Revised : 29 November 2022 Accepted : 18 December 2022 Published : 24 December 2022 . Geosfera Indonesia p-ISSN 2598-9723, e-ISSN 2614-8528 available online at : https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/GEOSI Vol. 7 No. 3, December 2022, 292-303 © 2022 by Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember. This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) 292 https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v7i3.34637 mailto:laodenursalam77@gmail.com https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/GEOSI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 293 La Ode Nursalam et al. / Geosfera Indonesia 7 (3), 2022, 292-303 Konawe Selatan district, with the area dominated by forest, needs to increase awareness of land use. Preservation and maintenance of forest quality and quantity are important in maintaining environmental stability (Camacho et al., 2016). The existence of an area function map can provide an overview for the community and local government in realizing a sustainable area.Mapping is an important tool as a regional guide for land use planning that pays attention to spatial capacity. The process in geography applies information and remote sensing system (Annis & Nardi, 2019; Eray, 2012). The direction map for the area requires input from the local government policymakers (Abadi et al., 2019; Faturahman, 2017; Von der Porten et al., 2019) and serves as an important information tool for people (Setiawan et al., 2014). The suitability process is the validation before the map is released to the public, and it is verified by visiting and observing the actual site conditions. The analysis of the area, especially forests, has a positive impact on the environment because it gives the best information to the map reader (Anurogo et al., 2018; Basu, 2017; Setiawan et al., 2013).Mapping of regional functions in Konawe Selatan District can be conducted through a geographic information system. The function of the area can be analyzed with geographical information systems through spatial analysis capabilities (Amnah, 2016; Mann & Saultz, 2019; Rika et al., 2016). The process needs to be checked to determine the suitability of the map for actual conditions (Kasnar et al., 2019; Sejati et al., 2020 ). Mapping the function of forest areas can be used as a control for regional development in Konawe Selatan District. Regulations that control the development of an area are regulated in the Spatial Planning Law (UU-26, 2007). Furthermore, this law is also controlled by the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture (Kepmentan-837/1980, 1980). National regulations are translated into local reform for Konawe Selatan District through the Regional Spatial Plan (Perda-19/2003, 2013). These regulations become the control and suitability of the map prepared with the local government plan. Many studies have researched the function and use of land. Initial research was conducted by Cahyadi et al. (2012), who showed the land use in Gunung Kidul District on the map of protected forest areas that were dominated by moderate cultivation, followed by Latif (2014), who mapped 218,366 hectares in Merauke District or 4.67% of the total area. Another research was conducted by Suryadi et al. (2017), who mapped the Soeharto Hills Grand Forest Park area with 53,340.95 hectares, or 78.71% of the total area according to function. In addition, Luxfiati & Harudu (2019) conducted similar research, resulting in a map of protected forest areas, limited production forests, and production forests in the Muna District, with 22.56% not conforming to the Regional Planning. Hardianti & Harudu (2019) conducted research in Konawe, Konawe District, which resulted in the distribution and area of protected, production, and limited production forest, with the largest reaching 260,505.86 hectares. Fitrianti et al. (2013) mapped protected buffer and cultivated areas in the Gisting District with an 86.27% on the function. In addition, Sejati et al. (2020) mapped settlements and their suitability to actual conditions with a 100% conformity level. Meanwhile, Zulfikar et al. (2013) showed a potential rice field of 9,871 hectares which was not used. Previous research has focused on mapping without directly comparing the process to actual site conditions. In the research by Sejati et al. (2020), compatibility efforts have been carried out, but the number of samples is still minimal and focuses on residential areas. However, it examined the suitability of complex maps of residential areas, including forest areas, settlements, and rice fields, with actual conditions in the Konawe Selatan District. Field checks are used as a guide for the validity of the map as input for licensing the ideal function of the area as forest, settlement, and rice fields. Due to the limited findings concerned with field checks or site visits, this research intends to analyze the suitability of the regional function map with actual site conditions before it is released to the people and local government. Furthermore, it aims to determine the suitability of the regional function map with the actual conditions. 294 La Ode Nursalam et al. / Geosfera Indonesia 7 (3), 2022, 292-303 2. Methods This research is a regional survey with a quantitative approach covering the entire Konawe Selatan District, including 22 sub-districts and 315 villages. Samples of map suitability with actual conditions were taken from the population using the Slovin formula (Setiawan, 2007), totaling 77 villages. Meanwhile, samples were taken using a proportional random sampling technique in each sub- district, and Figure 1 shows the study area map. Figure 1. Map of study area The collection of data related to the suitability of maps with actual site conditions using observation sheets and interviews was developed based on the characteristics of the area function (Kepmentan-837/1980, 1980). Interviews were conducted to determine the suitability of actual site conditions. Furthermore, respondents were chosen from the village government stakeholders, such as the head and secretary. Observation of the sites would also confirm the results by directly checking the village, and a score of 0 is given when there is an inappropriate function. Secondary data in the form of an area function map created using ArcGIS 10.4.1 software for personal use Therm license subscription. The base map from BAPPEKAB Konawe Selatan District includes administrative, slope class, soil type, rainfall, SAS Planet images, and Land use. The map is the result of Sejati & Saputra (2021), and the effective area was controlled with field observations and interviews to determine the actual conditions. The weighting and the direction of the function area score are shown in Tables 1 and Table 2 below. 295 La Ode Nursalam et al. / Geosfera Indonesia 7 (3), 2022, 292-303 Table 1. Weighting for area function map Variable Value of Range Classification & Score Slope Slope class Slope Percentage (%) Classification Score 1 0 – 8 Flat 20 2 8 – 15 Sloping 40 3 15 – 25 Rather steep 60 4 25 – 40 Steep 80 5 >40 Very Steep 100 Soil Sensitivity to erosion Soil Class Soil Type Classification Score 1 Alluvial, Gley Soil, Planosol, Brown Hydromorf, Arterite Groundwater Not Sensitive 15 2 Latosol Slightly Sensitive 30 3 Brown Forest Soil, Non-Calete Brown, Mediterranean Moderate 45 4 Andosol, Laterite, Gromosol, Podsol, Podsolic Sensitive 60 5 Regosol, Lytosol, Organosol, Renzina Very Sensitive 75 Rainfall Rainfall Class Rainfall Range (mm/day) Classification Score 1 ≤13,5 Very Low 10 2 13,6 – 20,7 Low 20 3 20,7 – 27,7 Moderate 30 4 27,7 – 34,8 High 40 5 >34,8 Very High 50 Source: (Kepmentan-837/1980, 1980) Table 2. Area function classification Score Classification >175 Protected Forest Area 124-174 Limited Production Forest Area <124 Permanent Production Forest Area <124 Rice Field Area (Slope 8-2%) <124 Settlement Area (Slope <2%) Source: (Kepmentan-837/1980, 1980) The quantitative descriptive method was used to analyze the data in percentage form. The results of observations of conformity to actual conditions were scored 1 and 0 for appropriate and inappropriate samples. The total score was divided into the percentage of conformity of the map to the actual condition with the formula and categorization by Arikunto (2011) , and then Figure 2 shows the research flow. 296 La Ode Nursalam et al. / Geosfera Indonesia 7 (3), 2022, 292-303 Figure 2. Research flow chart 3. Results and Discussion The map of regional functions in Figure 3 shows the parameters contributing to the Konawe Selatan District’s results. The total rainfall parameter of 421364.6 hectares has an average of 1727.029429 mm/year and 4.7308571 mm/day. Daily rainfall as a potential component of protected forest areas is given a score according to the Center for Land Conservation and Soil Conversion parameters (Fitrianti et al., 2013). The higher the rainfall, the more likely an area will become a forest (Hardianti & Harudu, 2019; Luxfiati & Harudu, 2019; Sejati & Saputra, 2021). Podsolic dominates the soil type parameter with 193.396.26 hectares or 45.9%. This soil is classified as very high or sensitive erosion sensitivity, contributing to the area’s score as a forest function. Eroded soil should be easily conserved to prevent further erosion (Hardianti & Harudu, 2019). The slope parameter is dominated by a slope above 40%, with 149,550.6 hectares, or 35.49%. Slopes above 40% are classified as very steep and contribute to the potential score for forest areas. A slope with an inclination below 25% is considered suitable for residential functions (Sakarov, 2019). Overlaying the three parameters above gives a map of the area function. The map is controlled with SAS Planet imagery to determine the effective area (Farizki & Anurogo, 2017). This area is dominated by limited production forests, settlements, protected forests, rice fields, and production forests with 179,517 hectares or 42.69%, 131,325 hectares or 31.23%, 52,014.2 hectares or 12.37%, 42,485, 3 hectares or 11.77%, and 8,130.93 hectares or 11.93%. Regional potential mapping is used to determine strategic policies in the future (Faturahman, 2017). The results of observations in selected villages and sub-districts with the heads obtained 70 sample locations with conformity, and 8 sites have several unsuitable areas. The level of map suitability is 89.74%, which indicates the map is worthy of being used as a source of information for the community and stakeholders in the Konawe Selatan District. Suitability to the actual situation is important to check its usability before releasing it to the public or used as a policy consideration (Kasnar et al., 2019; Sejati, Hasan et al., 2020; Sejati, Karim et al., 2020). Mapping the area is to determine its suitability with the regional spatial plan (Latif, 2014). Figure 3 shows a map of the suitability of regional functions in the Konawe Selatan District. Area Function Map Validated Rainfall Soil Type Slope Area Function Map Actual Condition 297 La Ode Nursalam et al. / Geosfera Indonesia 7 (3), 2022, 292-303 Figure 3. Area function suitability map Konawe Selatan District Figure 3 shows the validation for area function mapping, where eight points do not match the actual conditions. These incompatible points are obtained from observations, where comparing the function of the area on the map with the actual or remote sensing is called a ground or field check. Furthermore, interviews strengthened matching to confirm the observation results (Guzzetti et al., 2012). The four data validation locations should function as protected forests, and the actual conditions are about two production forests, a settlement, and a rice field. Two data as limited production forest. The incompatibility of the function of the snow area is controlled as input for policymakers in the management (Nitoslawski et al., 2021). The suitability of the function of the area obtained 69 points out of 77 or 89.61%. This signifies that the map is suitable for disseminating public information or policy tool for local governments. Remote sensing data from the image can be released immediately, while interpretation results should be checked for suitability (Cracknell, 2019; Dong & Xiao, 2016). The results of the observations conducted in 77 selected villages and sub-districts are shown in Table 3. Mapping through GIS, remote sensing, or a combination of the two requires a conformity check to validate the correctness of the map product and image interpretation. Regional success in planning is to meet the target proportion of area functions according to the content of the regulation article made (Chaturvedi et al., 2015). 298 La Ode Nursalam et al. / Geosfera Indonesia 7 (3), 2022, 292-303 Table 3. The scoring of the compatibility area function map with actual condition No Sub-District Villages/ Ward Latitude Longitude Score 1 Moramo Utara Lalowaru Ward -4.023638 122.655157 1 2 Moramo Utara Mata Lamokula Village -4.154094 122.605093 1 3 Moramo Bakutaru Village -4.188031 122.656688 1 4 Moramo Marga Cinta Village -4.172302 122.647333 1 5 Moramo Tambosupa Village -4.150543 122.629874 1 6 Moramo Lamokula Village -413465 122.610766 0 7 Andolo Andoolo Village -4.318402674 122.2438924 1 8 Andolo Alangga Ward -4.324972322 122.2552764 1 9 Andolo Lalonggombu Village -4.306226424 122.2256117 0 10 Andolo Potoro Ward -4.34370864 122.2853482 1 11 Buke Andoolo Utama Village -4.287358208 122.2096182 1 12 Buke Awalo Village -4.266158577 122.1875458 1 13 Buke Adaka Jaya Village -4.242098887 122.2072677 1 14 Palangga Watu Merembe Village -4.335082088 122.3597392 1 15 Palangga Wawonggura Village -4.351927135 122.3399257 1 16 Palangga Onembute Village -4.325851452 122.3883411 1 17 Palangga Palangga Ward -4.35195826 122.334185 0 18 Laeya Punggaluku Ward -4.304173505 122.4685432 1 19 Laeya Rambu-Rambu Village -4.310062032 122.4423512 0 20 Laeya Lerepako Village -4.306994313 122.4534287 1 21 Laeya Aepodu Village -4.309893209 122.4222374 1 22 Wolasi Mata Village -4.178969021 122.4929562 1 23 Konda Masagena Village -4.121576018 122.5039485 1 24 Konda Lambusa Village -4.115812346 122.4741667 1 25 Konda Lamomea Village -4.088052 122.4520675 1 26 Konda Tanea Village -4.121414967 122.4924614 1 27 Baito Tolihe Village -4.302349355 122.3142592 1 28 Baito Sambahule Village -4.284812455 122.3182848 1 29 Lalumbuu Atari Indah Ward -4.399362 122.097672 1 30 Lalumbuu Puunangga Village -4.376474 122.099789 1 31 Lalumbuu Sukamukti Village -4.333425 122.090264 1 32 Lalumbuu Padaleu Village -4.3922 122.075485 0 33 Ranomeeto Amoito Village -4.084947 122.391469 1 34 Ranomeeto Ranomeeto Ward -4.046376 122.459102 1 35 Ranomeeto Kota Bangun Village -4.040492 122.464938 1 36 Benua Benua Village -4.256622554 122.1228779 1 37 Benua Puunggawu Kawu Village -4.279663 122.111409 1 38 Basala Lipu Masagena Village -4.300454 122.063739 1 39 Basala Epeesi Village -4.278287 122.055348 1 40 Mowila Wuura Village -4.106645 122.205999 1 41 Mowila Lalosingi Village -4.093142 122.212425 0 42 Mowila Mulya Sari Village -4.096039 122.236082 1 43 Mowila Lamolori Village -4.127896 122.205902 1 44 Ranomeeto Barat Abeko Village -4.059342 122.399407 1 45 Ranomeeto Barat Lameuru Village -4.046612 122.383566 1 46 Palangga Selatan Wawo Wonua Village -4.376592 122.436662 1 47 Palangga Selatan Lalowua Village -4.440574 122.35742 1 48 Angata Kosebo Village -4.145607 122.109598 1 49 Angata Lamoeri Village -4.152586 122.187814 1 50 Angata Puao Village -4.137542 122.147905 1 51 Angata Langea Indah Village -4.087198 122.172425 1 52 Angata Angata Village -4.141360801 122.1132307 1 53 Angata Landabaro Village -4.108716 122.189547 1 54 Kolono Kolono Ward -4.296155 122.680153 1 55 Kolono Awunio Village -4.309916 122.707021 1 56 Kolono Mondoe Jaya Village -4.298325 122.697502 1 57 Kolono Roda Village -4.351555 122.728343 1 299 La Ode Nursalam et al. / Geosfera Indonesia 7 (3), 2022, 292-303 No Sub-District Villages/ Ward Latitude Longitude Score 58 Kolono Wawoosu Village -4.3040488 122.6548853 0 59 Kolono Silea Village -4.3002869 122.6650911 1 60 Kolono Puudongi Village -4.297255101 122.6947582 1 61 Lainea Aoero Village -4.372787699 122.5490212 1 62 Lainea Matabubu Jaya Village -4.4002717 122.6191297 1 63 Lainea Watumeeto Village -4.383840297 122.5583676 1 64 Landono Landono Dua Village -4.059620493 122.301629 1 65 Landono Lalonggapu Village -4.087817997 122.2891244 1 66 Landono Wonua Morini Village -4.044136399 122.2563864 1 67 Landono Lakomea Village -4.094630798 122.3233484 1 68 Landono Wonua Sangia Village -4.089624997 122.2992433 0 69 Landono Trinada Mulia Village -4.082048237 122.2905421 1 70 Laonti Labotanoe Village -4.097481391 122.8039195 1 71 Laonti Lawisata Village -4.203946797 122.8732161 1 72 Laonti Tue-Tue Village -4.260566296 122.8888223 1 73 Laonti Namu Village -4.371193092 122.8964071 1 74 Laonti Rumbia Rumbia Village -4.425605429 122.805585 1 75 Tinanggea Molo Indah Village -4.469072593 122.2959432 1 76 Tinanggea Lasuai Village -4.470986193 122.2475831 1 77 Tinanggea Panggoosi Village -4.462148397 122.1814133 1 The result shows the non-suitable areas’ motive is economic in utilizing the forest. This is under Finnis (2021) that the economic motive affects the development of agriculture. Some farming locations are near the heavily forested area in Ontario, Canada. The result also aligns with Li et al. (2016) that socioeconomic factors can force land use and cover changes in Wuhan City, China. Furthermore, Livengood & Kunte (2012) stated that the local people’s view could affect the development of the settlement area. García-Nieto et al. (2013) and Hirschmugl et al. (2014) reported that the lack of clear boundaries corroborates the land use. The effects of poor planning by choosing problematic areas are the occurrence of floods and landslides. The results show floods and landslides in the area that was non-compatible with a map direction. Damhuri et al. (2018) stated that flood disaster areas used as agricultural land need efforts to survive. The results align with Saadu et al. (2021), where anthropogenic activities can increase forest degradation and water quality in the North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest Malaysia. Furthermore, Shahabi & Hashim (2015) stated that landslides in the forest affect human activities. Agricultural productivity is below the regional average according to the function of the area. The non-compatible areas have a difference in productivity from 4 to 20 tons/hectare. Meanwhile, the agricultural function that does not guide the function map negatively affects land productivity. This is consistent with Mansaray et al. (2017), where the major rice production areas in Shanghai, China, contributed the largest productivity in the District. Nitoslawski et al. (2021) stated that agricultural land forests have less productivity. 4. Conclusion The suitability of the area function map with the actual site conditions in Konawe Selatan District can be disseminated. The valid map dissemination could be used for public consumption and as input to determine the policies, especially land use permits. The economic motive of additional income is the reason for the discrepancy, where forest areas are used as rice fields even though productivity is low due to the high risk of floods and landslides. Therefore, further analysis should be conducted to construct the motive of people in land use change of area function using a qualitative approach. 300 La Ode Nursalam et al. / Geosfera Indonesia 7 (3), 2022, 292-303 Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest with any financial, personal, or other relationships with other people or organizations related to the material discussed in the article. References Abadi, S. Y., Yusuf, Y., Rauf, M. A., Hasima, R., & Rizky, A. (2019). Kajian pemetaan komoditas unggulan pertanian berbasis karakteristik kewilayahan di Kota Baubau. 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