52 

 

GEOSFERA INDONESIA 

p-ISSN 2598-9723, e-ISSN 2614-8528 Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018), 52-66 , August, 2018 

https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/GEOSI 
DOI : 10.19184/geosi.v3i2.7867 

 

 

THE SPATIAL STUDY OF HEALTH CONDITION OF 

SOCIETY TOWARDS INCOME GRADE IN PRAMBANAN, 

KLATEN REGENCY 

 
Ayu Fatonah1, Fitria Febri Setiyani2, Hafiz Winardany3, Samidu4, Bagas Anindra 

Murdiansyah5, Fitri Nur Aini6 
1,2,3,4,5,6Department of Geography Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta 

Email : ayufatonah06@gmail.com 

 

     Received: 25 June 2018/Revised: 18 July 2018/Accepted: 20 July 2018/Published online: 28 August 2018 

Abstract 

 

Health is the most important aspect of the human being life. A good health will affect other 

aspects, one of which will affect the economic aspect of the income earned by 

individuals.The purpose of this research is to know the correlation between the health 

condition and income of society in Prambanan Sub-district. This research uses quantitative 

descriptive research, with the research variables such as health data and income data. The 

sample in this study amounted to 2,235 respondents from 16 Villages in Prambanan Sub-

district, Klaten. The Data Collection Method used in this research are an interview, 

observation,and questionnaire with the data analysis technique is a quantitative descriptive 

analysis which is nonstatistical analysis with a frequency table. The results show that there is 

not a significant correlation between health and income. Pereng Village has an average of 

"High" income with the population average monthly income> Rp. 1.500.000,00 of 52.04% 

but has a health condition in the "Medium" level.RandusariVillage has a health condition in 

the "Medium" level whereas Randusari Village has average "Low" income with a population 

withanaverage income per month <Rp. 500.000,00 for 44,44%. 
 

Keywords: Health Conditions, Income 

 

1. Introduction 

Inequality and equity are commonly discussed in discussing economic growth and 

development. According to Seers, economic development is ideal if three main goals are 

achieved: increased capita income, decreasing inequality, and poverty reduction (Lutfi 

Muta'ali, 2015: 142). Based on BPS data, the phenomenon of poverty and inequality in 

Indonesia has a percentage of 7% yearly, which makes one of the few countries able to 

achieve relatively high growth rate (Sudarlan, 2015). Soetatwo Hadiwigeno and A. Pakpahan 

stated that the poverty and inequality of income distribution are caused by inequality in 

natural resources, human resources, and infrastructures, including accessibility so that people 

have limits in making choices that hamper their development (Lutfi Muta'ali, 2015: 142). 

Sukirno stated that the growth and economic development of the region are not 

always followed by equality of economic development and even distribution of income (Lutfi 

https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/GEOSI


 

53 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

Muta'ali, 2015: 153). The high rate of economic growth is not followed by improvements in 

the distribution of income, so the pattern of inequality in Indonesia is not much decreased. 

The achievement of high economic growth achieved by various regions does not guarantee 

the creation of equal distribution of income among individuals, and often economic growth is 

followed by inequality in development. The most obvious inequality is the income aspect that 

gives rise to the rich and the poor (Mauliddiyah, 2014 in Handika, 2017). 

Research conducted by Budiantoro Hartono showing that inequality of economic 

development between regions in Central Java province is calculated using index Williamson 

during the period 1981-2005 shows the inequality increases. Calculation based on Theil 

Entropy noted that as large provinces in Indonesia classified into classes of high economic 

inequality (based on the value of the median of 34 provinces – to).Based on research done by 

Abdi Susilo (2017), the results of the calculation of the index showed the level of income 

inequality Williamson averaged 0.6 then district/town in Central Java Province are included 

in the categories is quite high because the index the above figure shows Williamson 0.5. It is 

in line with the research conducted by Hendika Alviana (2017) which shows the county is 

Klaten Regency had a rate of growth with an average of 11.37% is included in the category of 

being.  

In the period of the year 1999-2009 observations are analyzed by using the index and 

the Theil entropy Williamson, then can be noted that the level of inequality that occurred in 

Klaten Regency has a value smaller or the more equitable and stable (Andi, 2012).In the year 

2015 Index Williamson Klaten 0.045 figures showedthat income inequality results in Klaten 

Regency arelow so that the construction of the area can be said to be evenly because IW is 

approaching 0 (Abdi, 2017). The results of the Susenas year 2015, Ratio of income 

distribution Gini inhabitants in Klaten Regency recorded of 0.35 which is included in levels 

of inequality are (BPS, 2016). This reflects that the average income of a resident of Klaten 

received from different income groups still evenly. 

Revenue generated by the population will affect some aspects of people's lives, one of 

which, namely the aspects of health in the community. Based on research conducted by 

Ismail M (2013), shows that there is significant influence between the income levels of 

families with nutritional status on toddlers. Instead, health will be one of the factors that 

affect the level of income generated by an individual. Ananta and Hatmadjdi stated that the 

high low quality of human resources will be determined by the status of the health, education 

and income level per capita (Karma Wisana, 2001). At the level of individuals or families, 

health is a foundation for work productivity and capacity for learning in all schools because 



 

54 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

of physical and mental health can make someone more energetic, powerful, productive so 

that it can earn higher (Arum, 2009). 

One of the indicators in describing the condition of public health can be seen from the 

figures for life expectancy. Life expectancy in Klaten Regency showed figures amounted to 

76.59 years in 2016, this figure has increased compared to the year 2015 of 76.55 years (HDI 

of Klaten, 2016). Health problems in Klaten the most dominant among others: Demam 

Berdarah Dengue (DBD) and diarrhea (Health Profil of Klaten Regency, 2016).  

Prambanan sub-district is one sub-district in Klaten Regency were vulnerable to 

health problems, such as Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Demam Berdarah Dengue 

(DBD) happened in Prambanan in 2017 i.e. as many as 105 cases in 16 villages in Kecamatan 

Prambanan (Achmad Fadhilah, 2017). Given the Prambanan Sub-district is one of the tourist 

destinations then the health problems will affect the condition of society in Prambanan. Based 

on the background, the author is interested in conducting research with the title "Spatial 

StudyHealth Condition of Society towards Income Grade inPrambanan, Klaten Regency". 

 

2. The Methods 

This research was held in the district of Prambanan Sub-district is one contained in 

Klaten Regency, Central Java. This research was conducted in 16 villages in the Sub-District 

of Prambanan, there are Cucukan, Kemudo, Brajan, Joho, Sanggarahan, Kebondalem Lor, 

Bugisan, Tlogo, Kotesan, Randusari, Sengon, Taji, Kokosan, Geneng, Pereng, and 

Kebondalem Kidul. 

Table 1 Population and Sample of the study 
Village Population Sample 

Cucukan 1.066 139 

Kemudo 1.609 208 

Brajan  944 123 

Joho 1.511 142 

Sanggrahan 1.253 169 

Tlogo 1.770 136 

Bugisan 1.216 154 

Kebondalem Lor 2.395 180 

Kotesan 697 132 

Randusari 1.514 110 

Sengon 1.715 115 

Taji 1.009 126 

Kokosan 894 123 

Geneng 1.029 157 

Pereng 836 99 

Kebondalem Kidul 1.471 122 

Sum 20.929 2235 

Source: Researcher, 2018 



 

55 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

 

The number of samples taken is the head oftheresearchfamilyin Prambanan with 2235 

samples from 20,929 population. Determination of the number of samples by using the 

formula of Solvin. The smallest amount of sample that is 99 samples contained in the Pereng 

Village and the largest that is 208 samples contained in the Kemudo village. Retrieval 

technique of sampling with random sampling.  

Type of this research is quantitative descriptive research with data in the form of 

variable data onthehealthcondition and the revenue data found in Prambanan. Health data are 

used i.e. regularity in health checks, the frequency of checks, the utilization of health clinics, 

septictank,and water resource ownership. Engineering data collection using the quisoner i.e. 

the data in the form of health conditions and people's income in Prambanan Additionally data 

collecting was done through interviews and observations.The method of this research is 

quantitative descriptive analysis with primary data about the condition and health of the 

revenue taken in the field. Quantitative descriptive data analysis is the analysis of data in a 

manner described or describe the data that has been collected (Febriyana, et al, 2017). 

Presentation of data through tables, graphs, pie charts and percentage. Data about the health 

and income obtained by way of finding the mean of each village that located in Kecamatan 

Prambanan which was later modified in the form of a percentage. The scale of the public 

health conditions in Prambanan can be seen in table 2.2. 

Tabel 2. Level of Public Health in Kecamatan Prambanan 

No Level Score 

1 Low 0 – 33,33 

2 Medium 33,34 – 66,67 

3 High 66,68 – 100 

Source:Researcher, 2018 

 

3. Results and Discussion 

To know the relationship between Public Health Conditions and Community Income, 

researcher use 5 indicators, that is : 

3.1 Income and Continuity of Health Check 

Based on figure 3.1, it can be seen that Randusari Village has a low-income 

level,mostof the people in Randusari Village have income < Rp.500.000,00 however,the 

regularity of health check conducted by the community included in the medium level.This 

shows that people in Randusari Village already have a good level of health-related 

understanding of health check.Randusari Village community in conducting health check 



 

56 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

included in medium level because of accessibility to health center easy and society utilize 

health center in addition to treatment also to conduct routine health check. 

 

Figure 1. Graph of Average Income Prambanan Sub-district 

Source:Researcher, 2018 

 

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

Average Income

< Rp 500.000,00

Rp 500.000,00 - Rp 1.000.000,00

Rp 1.00.000,00 - Rp 1.500.000,00

> Rp 1.500.000,00



 

57 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

 
  

Figure 2. Graph of Health Check of Prambanan Sub-district 

Source:Researcher, 2018 

 

 

 

                       Table 3. Level Continuity Health Check 

No Level Score Village 

1 Low 0 – 33,33 Brajan, Joho, Tlogo, Bugisan 

2 Medium 33,34 – 66,67 Cucukan, Kemudo, Sanggrahan, 

Kebondalem  Lor, Kotesan, 

Randusari, Sengon, Taji, Kokosan, 

Geneng, Pereng dan Kebondalem 

Kidul 

3 High 66,68 – 100 - 

Source: Researcher, 2018 

 

Pereng Village is a village that has a high-income level because the majority of the 

people have average income monthly more than Rp.1.500.000,00 but in terms of health 

check Pereng Village included in the medium level.The percentage of health check 

between Randusari Village and Pereng Village have not significantly different.The 

distance between the Village and local government clinic is not far away, the majority of 

48.20

35.41

29.27
31.69

35.50

21.52 20.58

38.89

50.76

47.27

40.87

64.29

54.47

44.59
47.47 46.72

Continuity of Health Check



 

58 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

Pereng Villagecommunity utilize local government clinic or hospitals when the people 

do medication and just a few people who do a regular health check. 

Based on figure 3.2, Taji Village is the village that has the highest percentage 

among other Villages.Taji Village is a Village whose majority community routinely 

performs health check so that Taji Villagecommunity already have a good level of 

understanding about health, where the majority of Taji Village are people with average 

monthly income less than Rp.500.000,00.This shows that there is no relationship 

between one of the indicators of the health condition of the community i.e. Continuity of 

health Check with the income levels of people in Prambanan, Klaten Sub-district. These 

results are in accordance with research conducted by Yuhendri (2013), that shows that 

there is no relationship between economic growth with public health conditions in West 

Sumatra. 

 

3.2 Income and Frequency of Health Check 

Based on figure 3.3,Pereng Village has a frequency in performing the health check 

as the major is doing 1-2 times in one year.Pereng Village is a Village whose majority of 

the community has an average income in one month that is more than 

Rp.1.500.000,00.Based on figure 3.1,Randusari Village is a Village where the majority 

of people have low income and frequency of public health check as big as 1-2 times a 

year.Pereng and Randusari Village share the same frequency of health check 1-2 times 

per year,but Pereng Village has a lower percentage compared to Randusari Village.This 

shows that Pereng Village health level is lower than Randusari Village, so that majority 

of Randusari Village communitydo not understand in maintaining health.Based on that 

explanation may be aware that there is no relationship between the frequencyof health 

check with the income level in the society. This research fits with research conducted by 

Syamsurijal (2008) with the result that the health condition of the bad influence towards 

increasing income per-capita in South Sumatra. 

 

 



 

59 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

 

Figure 3. Frequency of Health Check 

Source: Researcher,2018 

 

 

3.3  Income and Utilization of Health Center 

Based on figure 3.1 Pereng Village is a Village whose majority of the community has a 

high-income level and Randusari Village is the Village that most of the people have a 

low-income level. 

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00

Cucukan

Kemudo

Brajan

Joho

Sanggarahan

Tlogo

Bugisan

Kebondalem Lor

Kotesan

Randusari

Sengon

Taji

Kokosan

Geneng

Pereng

Kebondalem Kidul

Frequency of Health Check

Frequency of Health Check > 6 times

Frequency of Health Check 5-6 times

Frequency of Health Check 3-4 times

Frequency of Health Check 1-2 times



 

60 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

 
Figure 3.4 Graph of Utilization level of Health Center of Prambanan Sub-district 

Source: Researcher,2018 

 

Table 4. Level of Health center Utilization 

No Level Score Village 

1 Low 0 – 33,33 - 

2 Medium 33,34 – 66,67 Tlogo, Bugisan, Sengon 

3 High 66,68 - 100 Cucukan, Kemudo, Brajan, Joho, 

Sanggrahan, Kebondalem Lor, 

Kotesan, Randusari, , Taji, Kokosan, 

Geneng, Pereng dan Kebondalem 

Kidul 

Source: Researcher,2018 

 

The Randusari and Pereng Villages in utilizing health center are at a high level,but the 

utilization of the health center in Randusari Village is higher than that of 

PerengVillage.The percentage difference between the utilization rate between Randusari 

Village and Pereng Village is 4.24%. This can know that Randusari community whose 

community mostly have low income is fewer Rp.500.000,00 prefer to take advantage 

ofthehealth center more affordable compared to the cost in hospital or clinic. 

 

 

 

 

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Health Center Except Health Center



 

61 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

 

       Table 5. Utilization Rate Other than Health center 

No Level Score Village 

1 Low 0 – 33,33 Kotesan 

2 Medium 33,34 – 

66,67 

Kemudo, Brajan, Sanggrahan, 

Tlogo, Bugisan, Randusari, 

Sengon, Taji, Pereng 

3 High 66,68 - 100 Cucukan, Joho, Kebondalem 

Lor, Kokosan, Geneng, dan 

Kebondalem Kidul 

Source: Researcher,2018 

 

Pereng Villagecommunity in utilizing health facilities in addition to health centers 

such as clinics or hospital are included in a high level,while for the Randusari Village 

included in the Medium level.This shows that the majority of Pereng Village community 

have high income is more than Rp.1,500.000,00 also take advantage of health facilities 

such as clinics or hospitals in a high level because the people have a high income as 

well.This shows that there is no relationship between the Utilization of Health Center 

with the income levels of people in Prambanan, Klaten Sub-district. These results are in 

accordance with research conducted by Yuhendri (2013) that shows that there is no 

relationship between economic growth with public health conditions in West Sumatra. 

 

3.4 Income and Ownership Septictank 

Based on Figure 3.1, it can be seen that Randusari Village has a low-income 

level,most of the people in Randusari Village have income <Rp.500.000,00 

however,90% of people have their own septictank and are included in the high level.This 

demonstrates that people in RandusariVillage already have a good level of health-related 

understanding.Pereng Village is a village that has high-income level because the majority 

of the people have average income monthly more than Rp.1.500.000,00 with the income 

the majority of the people have septictank own only 2.20% of people who do not have 

septictank own.This shows that people in Pereng Village have a high awareness of the 

importance of maintaining environmental health and personal health.The percentage of 

ownership of septictank in Randusari Village and Pereng Village has a difference that is 

not too far that is equal to 7.98%, Pereng Village is higher than Randusari Village.This is 



 

62 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

proportional to the average income in Pereng Village which is higher than Randusari 

Village.Based on that explanation may be aware that there is no relationship between 

ownership of septic tank which is one indicator that is used to find out the condition of 

public health with income levels in the community Prambanan. This research fits with 

research conducted by Syamsurijal (2008) with the result that the health condition of the 

bad influence towards increasing income per-capita in South Sumatra. 

 

 

Figure 3.5 Graph of Ownership Septictank 

Source: Researcher,2018 

 

3.5 Income and Water Resources 

Based on figure 3.6, both Randusari Villagehas the lowest average income and 

Pereng Village which has the highest average income equally utilizes the well water used 

in daily life.This shows that the need for understanding to the community about the water 

resources that are suitable for use because not all well water is suitable for use is mainly 

used as drinking water.This shows that there is no relationship between community health 

condition with an indicator of use of water sources with the people's income level in 

Prambanan, Klaten. These results are in accordance with research conducted by Yuhendri 

99.28 98.56 99.19 99.30

83.43

72.93

64.48

93.33
89.39 90.00

93.91

88.89

99.19 98.09 97.98
100.00

Ownership Septictank



 

63 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

(2013) that shows that there is no relationship between economic growth with public 

health conditions in West Sumatra 

 

Figure 3.6 Graph of Prambanan Sub-district Water Resources 

Source: Researcher,2018 

  

 

Based on Figure 3.7and 3.8 can be known the level of public health andincome in 

Prambanan, Klaten.Joho Village, Kebondalem Lor Village,and Geneng Village are a 

village has a high level of health conditions while Kotesan Village and Tlogo Village are 

a village which is included in the low categories. The lowest average income in the 

Prambanan Sub-District is in Randusari Village, while Pereng village is a village that has 

average income communities included in the categories high 

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Water Resources

Water Resources "PAM" Water

Water Resources Well Water

Water Resources The Others



 

64 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

 

Figure 3.7Map of Level Health Conditions 

Source: Researcher,2018 

 

 

Figure 3.8Map of Level income  

Source: Researcher,2018 



 

65 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

 
4. Conclusion 

Pereng Village is a Village with high average income,but the health condition in 

Pereng Village is included in the Medium category.Randusari Village is a Village with low 

average income, but Randusari Village health condition is included in the Medium 

category.Thus, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between income and health 

because high income is not necessarily the condition or condition in the region is high. 

 
 

References 

Alviana, Hendika. 2017. The Development of the Economic Potential of the Local Areas to 

Reduce the Gap in Growth between Subdistrict in Sukoharjo Regency years 2010-

2015. [Article Scientific Publications]. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Of 

Surakarta 

Atmawikarta, Arum. (2009). "A health Investment For economic development". 

BAPPENAS: Director of Community Health and Nutrition 

BPS Klaten Regency. (2016). Human development Index Klaten 2016. Klaten Regency and 

Klaten: BPS/BPS-Statistics of Klaten Regency. 

BPS Klaten Regency. (2016). Sub Prambanan in Number 2016. Klaten Regency and Klaten: 

BPS/BPS-Statistics of Klaten Regency. 

Fadhilah, Achmad. Spatial Analysis of the Level of Insecurity Dengue Feverfor Priority 

Handling System Using geographical InfromasiPrambanan Sub-district Klaten 

Regency. Analysis of the Spatial Level, 295-305. 

Hartono, Budiantoro. (2008). Analysis of the Imbalance of Economic Development in the 

Province of Central Java. [Thesis]. Semarang: University of Diponegoro 

Klaten Regency. (2015). Community Health Profile Klaten 2015. Head Of Department: 

Klaten Regency. 

Ismail M. (2013).The Influence of Family Income Level, Education Level of the Mother and 

the Mother's Employment Status for Nutritional Status in the District of Darul 

Makmur, Nagan Raya Regency [Thesis]. University Of Teuku Umar. 

Muta'ali, Lutfi. 2015. The Regional Analysis Techniques for Planning regions, Spatial, and 

Environment. Yogyakarta: Faculty Of Geography Gadjah Mada University, Publisher. 



 

66 
 

Ayu Fatonah, et al / GEOSI Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018) 52-66 
 

Putra, Andi NepiErtanta. (2012). Economic Growth Imbalances between Klaten Regency in 

Central Java province Year 1999 – 2009 [Thesis]. Yogyakarta: Atma Jaya University 

of Yogyakarta 

Sudarlan. (2015). Economic Growth, Inequality,and Poverty in Indonesia. Journal Exists, Vol 

11 (1), 3036-3213 

Susilo, Abdi. (2017). Analysis of Economic Growth and Inequality of Income Distribution 

between the Central Java Regency [Thesis]. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Of 

Surakarta. 

Syamsurijal. (2008). The Influence of the Level of Health of the Revenue capita Growth Rate 

Against in South Sumatra. Journal of Economics and Development Policy, Vo1 6 (1), 

1-9. 

Wisana, I Dewa Gede Karma. (January 2001). Health as an Investment. Journal of 

Economics and the Development of Indonesia, vol. 1 (1), 42-51. 

Yuhendri. (2013). Influence the Quality of Education, Health,and Investment towards Growth 

of West Sumatra[Article Publication]. Padang: State University of Padang 

Yuliartika, Febriyana Niken., Larasati, Dheya Amalia., Sehan, Septia Mahadeka Putri., 

Okctaviana, Angel., Alfredo, Septian Briantama., (2017). Study of the Level of 

Knowledge of Early Warning Systems Individual and Household in the Face of 

Devastating Earthquake in Wonogiri. Presented at the National Seminar on 

Geography UMS 2017, Surakarta, Central Java, May 22, 2017