Available online at : http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/gjik Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 12 (01) 2021, 62-72 Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.121.09 THE EFFECT OF ONLINE LEARNING AND STUDENT MOTIVATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Geta Septiadi 1, Firmansyah Dliss 1, Abdul Sukur 1 1 Physical Education, Postgraduate Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Universitas Negeri Jakarta Complex Jl. Rawamangun Muka East Jakarta Indonesia13220 getaseptiadi@yahoo.com Abstract The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the effect of online learning media learning and student motivation during the Covid-19 pandemic on physical education learning outcomes. The method in this study uses Path Analysis. The sample included in this study amounted to 161 students. The results of the analysis show that the contribution of the influence of Online Learning (X1) on Learning Outcomes (Y) is significant at 0.807, Learning Media (X2) on Learning Outcomes (Y) is significant at 0.783, Motivation (X3) on Learning Outcomes (Y) which significant at 0.834, Online Learning (X1) on Motivation (X3) which is significant at 0.532, Media Learning (X2) on Motivation (X3) which is significant for 0.614. The conclusion in this study is that online learning, learning media and motivation have a direct effect on physical education learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning, learning media have a direct effect on motivation in students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: online learning, media learning, motivation mailto:getaseptiadi@yahoo.com Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (01), March- 63 Geta Septiadi, Firmansyah Dliss, Abdul Sukur INTRODUCTION In the Indonesian dictionary, Education is the process of changing attitudes and behavior of a person or group of people in an effort to mature people in teaching and training efforts; the process, the way, the act of educating. Education is often defined as a human effort to cultivate his personality according to the values in society and culture. The main mission in an educational institution is to teach ethics, ethics, mutual respect, and to prioritize public interests over personal interests. This is applied in everyday life, both within the family and in the community. Education have an important role in the development of human and human resources with quality. One of them is a quality human resource that can be generated from education. Therefore, education is one of the driving forces for development and a very important provision in facing the changes and developments of the times. Education is an effort to prepare the younger generation to welcome and face the times in the global era. So education must be carried out as well as possible so as to produce quality education and increase the quality of human resources. Technological developments have an impact on the field of education, the learning process is not cut off from the media, methods and learning outcomes. Media can be used as a means of providing educational material delivered by teachers to students. While the learning method regulates the organization of teaching materials and delivery strategies. Furthermore, learning outcomes are measured effectively and efficiently to determine students' abilities and interests in subjects. Physical education as a stage of a comprehensive educational process that deals with the development and utilization of intentional and purposeful abilities is directly related to mental, emotional and social responses. So that physical education focuses on the assessment of the process, not only the assessment of Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (01), March- 64 Geta Septiadi, Firmansyah Dliss, Abdul Sukur the results of the achievement of motion tasks that have been carried out by students. Physical Education, Sports and Health are media to encourage physical growth, psychological development, motor skills, knowledge and reasoning, appreciation of values (attitude- mental-social-emotional- sportsmanship-spiritual), as well as habituation to a healthy lifestyle which leads to stimulating balanced growth and development of physical and psychological qualities. . According to Anna, physical education is an educational "tool", or what is known as one of the educational media which in the process can realize the goals of both education and culture. (Anna, 2016). This process is a condition that enables humans to continue to maintain their survival as humans. Physical education has many unique characteristics that can be seen apart from the learning process, teaching process, facilities and infrastructure as well as the tools or media used. Physical education is required to provide learning in accordance with what is in the curriculum as well as standard rules and guidelines or instructions that have been previously designed by the teacher but in the teaching and learning process it is made in such a way as to create an atmosphere that is always joyful, fun, not boring, and interesting. The problem that often occurs in the world of physical education is the weakness of the learning process. In the process of teaching and learning activities, students learn more in theory. Learning in the classroom is more directed at the child's ability to understand the subject matter. In teaching and learning activities, the presence of teachers is expected to develop the potential and creativity of students. So that students can have knowledge not only theory, but can put it into practice for the future in the times. Learning media that is currently being used in educational is online learning. There are many types of online learning, learning can be done through the zoom meeting application, edmodo, ruangguru, Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (01), March- 65 Geta Septiadi, Firmansyah Dliss, Abdul Sukur google classroom and many others. Online learning can be done with learning media in the form of computers, laptops or smartphones. The use of smart phones in Indonesia continues to increase. In fact, a research institute said that Indonesia is ranked sixth in the list of the largest smartphone users in the world. These users consist of various groups including students who are still in Junior High School. According to Green Smartphone is a device that allows communication as well as a PDA function (Personal Digital Assistant) and has capabilities like a computer (Green Ferry, 2017). At the beginning of 2020, the world was shocked by the outbreak of a virus. According to the World Health Organization, the name of the new virus is Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (WHO, 2020). This has an impact on several sectors, one of which is the education sector. This is where the role of the online world as a learning medium can be used as a tool in teaching and learning activities. As a teacher, they must be able to choose learning media that is suitable and suitable for use in order to achieve the teaching goals set by the school. (Setyorini,2020) Various policies have been issued by the Indonesian government to reduce the level of the spread of the corona virus by imposing social distancing, physical distancing in several areas. The policies issued to limit the spread of COVID-19 have an impact on various fields throughout the world, especially education in Indonesia. The COVID-19 outbreak urges distance education testing that has never been carried out simultaneously before for all elements of education, namely students, teachers to parents. Kusumah and Hamidah explained that during the pandemic, time, location and distance were major problems at this time (Kusuma & Hamidah, 2020). So that distance learning becomes a solution to overcome difficulties in implementing face-to-face learning. This presents a challenge to all elements and levels of education to keep classrooms active even though schools have closed. Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (01), March- 66 Geta Septiadi, Firmansyah Dliss, Abdul Sukur The decision to suspend universities, colleges, and education institutes around the world due to declaration of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted the discussion regarding necessity and feasibility of learning based on technology methods to the fore, particularly learning based on mobile devices. (Yousif H. Alanezi and Dr. Nasser S, 2020). The development of increasingly advanced technology must be utilized as well as possible, students and teachers can take advantage of internet facilities to support the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning process. The government has enforced every school not to do face-to-face learning, because it will cause the spread of the virus to increase. In this case the Government has issued a decree which states that each school conducts online learning. In the current situation online learning is very appropriate because it will reduce the risk of spreading the virus. Ahmed, Shehata & Hassanien explained that the sudden COVID-19 Pandemic requires an educational element to sustain online learning. The current condition is urgent to make innovations and adaptations related to the use of available technology to support the learning process (Ahmed et al., 2020). Its practice requires both educators and students to interact and transfer knowledge online. From the description above, there are various problems that exist for students and teachers, which during the COVID-19 pandemic, both schools and colleges that usually carry out direct learning must immediately be closed so that learning is not carried out directly, this has an impact on students who are required to learn. Not only that from the physical education material which requires researchers to focus on taking one material to be learned and the material taken is passing material in soccer games, in this case it will be related to the learning outcomes of the students themselves, especially in physical education subjects which all done online learning. METHODS Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (01), March- 67 Geta Septiadi, Firmansyah Dliss, Abdul Sukur The research method used in this research is an associative quantitative approach, a survey method with test and measurement techniques, while the data analysis technique uses Path Analysis that is, a technique for analyzing the causal relationship that occurs in multiple regression if the independent variable affects the dependent variable not only directly but also indirectly (James Tangkudung, 2016). This study involved three independent variables (exogenous) and one dependent variable (endogenous). The exogenous variables consist of online learning, learning media and motivation. Endogenous variables consist of students' physical education learning outcomes. The pattern of relationship between variables is shown in the following figure: Figure 1: Inter Causal Constellation Variable X1,X2,X3, and Y Desc: X1 : Online Learning X2 : Lerning Media X3 : Motivation Y : Result RESULT AND DISCUSSION Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it turns out that online learning, learning media, motivation have a significant effect on physical education learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The following is a summary of the research results, as follows: Online learning has a positive direct effect on physical education learning outcomes, thus online learning is a variable that plays an important role in achieving maximum physical education learning outcomes. Online learning is influential and very helpful for students during the COVID-19 pandemic to continue to get learning from teachers, even though they are not face to face. This is an alternative or an increasingly advanced technology user so that it X1 X 3 X2 Y Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (01), March- 68 Geta Septiadi, Firmansyah Dliss, Abdul Sukur can have positive benefits for students. In this study also obtained the same results that online learning has an effect on physical education learning outcomes. Students who do good online learning will also get good learning results compared to students who do not do online learning. This can be seen from the results of a significant increase in the results of online learning on physical education learning outcomes which have a direct effect of 0.8072 x 100% = 65.1249 or 65.12%. Learning media has a positive direct effect on Physical Education learning outcomes. Thus, learning media is a variable that plays an important role in achieving maximum Physical Education learning outcomes. In this study also obtained the same results that the learning media has an effect on learning outcomes in Physical Education. Students who do good learning media will also get good learning results compared to students who do not use learning media. This can be seen from the results of a significant increase in the results of learning media on learning outcomes of Physical Education which have a direct effect of 0.7832 x 100% = 61.3089 or 61.31%. Motivation is an encouragement from someone to do something in order to achieve a goal. Someone will be motivated to do something when they feel a certain need. Learning outcomes are the abilities that students have after receiving their learning experiences. In achieving good learning outcomes, learning motivation is one of the elements for achieving learning outcomes. Motivation is very important to encourage someone to behave in achieving something desired. Motivation can encourage motives in a person to act energetically. Motivation is a psychological process that reflects interactions, attitudes, needs, decisions that occur in a person and arises as a result of internal (intrinsic) and external (extrinsic) factors in achieving predetermined goals. Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (01), March- 69 Geta Septiadi, Firmansyah Dliss, Abdul Sukur In this study also obtained the same results that motivation has an effect on learning outcomes in Physical Education. Students who have more motivation will get better learning outcomes than students who are not motivated. This can be seen from the results of a significant increase in the results of learning media on physical education learning outcomes which have a direct effect of 0.8342 x 100% = 69.5556 or 69.56%. In this study also obtained the same results that online learning has an effect on motivation. Students who can take advantage of online learning will get high motivation compared to students who do not take advantage of online learning. This can be seen from the results of a significant increase in the results of online learning on motivation which has a direct effect of 0.5322 x 100% = 28.3024 or 28.30%. Learning media is one of the teaching aids for teachers to deliver teaching material, increase student creativity and increase student attention in the learning process. With the media students will be more motivated to learn, encourage students to write, speak and imagine more aroused. Thus, through learning media it can make the teaching and learning process more effective and efficient and there is a good relationship between teachers and students. In this study also obtained the same results that online learning has an effect on motivation. Students who can take advantage of online learning will get high motivation compared to students who do not take advantage of online learning. This can be seen from the results of a significant increase in the results of online learning on motivation which has a direct effect of 0.6142 x 100% = 37.6996 or 37.70%. CONCLUSION Based on the research findings with independent variables consisting of online learning (X1), learning media (X2) and motivation (X3) on the dependent variable Physical Education learning outcomes (Y). Based on the results of hypothesis Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (01), March- 70 Geta Septiadi, Firmansyah Dliss, Abdul Sukur testing and research discussion, as follows. 1. There is a positive influence between online learning (X1) on Physical Education learning outcomes (Y) for class X and XI students at SMKN 2 Purwakarta. 2. 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