Available online at :  http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/gjik 

Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 13 (01) 2022, 76-87 

Permalink/DOI:  https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.131.07 
 
 

 

The Effect Of Eye-Hand Coordination, Kinesthetic Perception And 

Anxiety On The Results Archery Scoring Of Athlete U-12 West Jakarta  

 
Nurikhwan Aziz Arifin1*, Ika Novitaria Marani1, Mansur Jauhari1 

 

 
1 Pendidikan Olahraga, Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Jakarta,  

Komplek Universitas Negeri Jakarta Gedung M. Hatta Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia 

13220  

 

Corresponding Email: aazizarifin@gmail.com 

 

 

Abstract This study aims to reveal the direct and indirect effects, as well as the 

simultaneous effect of exogenous variables on endogenous variables. The sample in this 

study were 37 archers from all clubs in the West Jakarta area. The research approach used 

in this study is an associative quantitative approach with test techniques. The data analysis 

technique uses a path analysis approach (path analysis). The results showed that: 1) there 

was a direct effect of eye-hand coordination on the archery scores of U-12 archery athletes 

in West Jakarta amounted to 6.7%, 2) there was a direct influence of kinesthetic 

perception on the results of archery scoring results for U-12 archery athletes in West 

Jakarta. is 1.69%, 3) there is a direct and significant effect of anxiety on the archery scores 

of U-12 archery athletes in West Jakarta, which is 15.8%, 4) there is a direct and 

significant effect of eye-hand coordination on the anxiety of U-12 archery athletes. West 

Jakarta by 43.96%, 5) there is a direct and significant effect of kinesthetic perception on 

the anxiety of West Jakarta U-12 archery athletes by 44.76%, 6) there is an indirect effect 

of eye-hand coordination through anxiety on archery scoring results are of 27.35%, 7) 

there is an indirect effect of kinesthetic perception through anxiety on the archery scoring 

results of 18.9%. 

 

Keywords: eye-hand coordination; kinesthetic perception; worry; West Jakarta U-12 

archery scoring results 

 

  



Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (01), March- 77 

Nurikhwan Aziz Arifin, Ika Novitaria Marani, Mansur Jauhari 

 

 

INTRODUCTION 

The achievements of the sport of 

archery in Indonesia are very proud. The 

Olympics is the largest international 

sporting event. Indonesian archery has 

never been absent in the Olympics, 

although it has never been absent in the 

biggest sporting event among nations, 

Indonesian archers have not been able to 

bring medals back to Indonesia, the 

archery achievement at the last Olympics 

in 1988 in Seoul. The sport of archery 

was the first contributor to medals at the 

Olympics in Seoul, South Korea in 1988.  

Archery is currently still 

continuing to nurture athletes from an 

early age to adulthood because archery in 

Indonesia is one of the sports that is able 

to donate medals from Asian and world 

competitions, for example at SEA 

GAMES 2019 Indonesia was able to give 

gold. Indonesia's archery achievements 

should be proud of because Indonesian 

archery always donates medals for 

Indonesia at every world championship 

(Adipati, 2019). There are still a lot of 

people who think that archery is an easy 

and light sport because it only does the 

same movement and is not heavy.  

Archery is a cyclical sport in the 

form of a close skill. Skills with stimuli 

that remain the same and require stability 

in the response in their movements 

(Pelana, 2017). Cyclic is the effect of 

repetitive motor movements such as 

swimming, archery, bicycle racing, 

rowing, and others (Bompa, 2009). 

Archery when viewed from a 

biomechanics point of view, namely 

throwing objects to achieve maximum 

accuracy, then from a motor point of 

view, it means a closed skill whose 

stimulus does not change (Wattimena, 

2015). In the sport of archery in 

Indonesia, the bows used for matches are 

3 recurve, compound and standard bows 

(Vanagosi, 2015). 

Scoring in archery is a major 

indicator in determining victory in 

archery (Munawar, Hidayatullah, & 

Kristiyanto, 2014). Archery is a sport 

that relies on accuracy to hit the target 

because the aim of archery is to shoot 

arrows on the target surface as precisely 

as possible (Hardi, 2018). 

Archery requires physical factors 

such as good motor skills and good 

psychological factors, namely a good 

level of anxiety (Munawar et al., 2014). 

Seeing the conditions in the field, 

especially at the age of children, when 

the majority of matches experienced a 

decrease in appearance performance, 

such as fatigue, many poor scoring 



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Nurikhwan Aziz Arifin, Ika Novitaria Marani, Mansur Jauhari 

 

 

results and also excessive anxiety.  

Archery is a fairly complex sport 

because archers cannot use arrows 

without knowing the tools used, the 

techniques used and also the conditions 

of the surrounding environment. 

Physical factors, technical factors and 

psychological factors are aspects of 

supporting achievement for the sport of 

archery (Pelana, 2017). 

Judging from the physical factor, 

biomotor ability, especially coordination 

in the archery branch, is one of the 

dominant ones, the technical factor that 

is the support to get maximum 

performance for an athlete is the aspect 

of biomechanical efficiency to get good 

scoring results.  

This aspect requires the athlete to 

apply the correct and consistent 

technique in every arrow release. One 

way to improve the sense of motion in 

order to get consistency and constancy is 

by using kinesthetic imagery 

(performing the sensation of movement 

and feeling it). Psychological factors are 

one of the supporting aspects to get a 

good archer performance. An athlete's 

mentality must also be prepared 

properly. One way to build a good 

mentality is to communicate between the 

coach, parents or friends of the athlete. 

In the sport of archery, closed 

skill movements are movement patterns 

that are consistent and do not change, 

therefore archery is very closely related 

to movement coordination (Pelana, 

2017). Without having good movement 

coordination skills, individuals will find 

it difficult to learn basic technical skills. 

Basic movement ability is a movement 

pattern that starts from a simple pattern 

and then develops into a complex 

movement pattern. 

Eye-hand coordination in archery 

can affect accuracy, where the 

assessment of archery is shooting 

accuracy (Zakaria, Purnomo, & 

Samodra, 2018). Coordination is also a 

combination of muscle, bone and joint 

contractions in displaying a motion, so 

that coordination ability is closely 

related to other motor skills such as 

balance, speed, accuracy, and agility 

(Amin, 2012). Coordination is the ability 

to perform movements at various levels 

of difficulty quickly and efficiently with 

accuracy (Margono, Yagusta, & 

Khuzaini, 2018). The more complex the 

movement, the higher the level of 

coordination (Alimin, 2019). So that the 

practice of archery that requires eye-

hand coordination aspects to get 



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maximum scoring results is needed by 

archers.  

Motor movement in children is 

very basic and very important because it 

is at this phase that children recognize 

and enrich every movement 

(Sukadiyanto, 2003). Each child has a 

different level of motor skills that cannot 

be generalized to other children, there 

are some children who have very good 

gross motor skills such as running, 

jumping, hitting but usually these 

children have poor fine motor skills such 

as writing, coloring and drawing.  

According to (Rismayanthi, 

2013) gross motor coordination skills in 

children include all parts of the body or 

only part of the body's organs that are 

used when moving. Gross motor 

coordination abilities include dexterity, 

endurance, flexibility, balance, speed 

and strength. The ability of motor 

movement is further divided into three, 

namely non-locomotor motion, 

locomotor motion and also manipulative 

motion. According to (Hidayat, 2017) 

the motion that moves the body from one 

place to another is called locomotor 

motion. Movements that do not require 

room for movement are called non-

locomotor movements whose 

movements include pushing, pulling, 

bending, swinging, lifting and twisting.  

Kinesthetic perception is a 

person's ability to sense body 

movements from visual or auditory 

devices, the higher the level of sense of 

motion sensitivity, the higher the sense 

of position and control of movement 

(Hendrayana, 2015). Perception is a 

sensing process, which is the process of 

receiving a stimulus by the individual 

through the senses or also called the 

sensory process (Suryono, 2016). 

Perception is a limitation used in 

the process of understanding and 

interpreting sensory information or the 

ability of the intellect to seek meaning 

from data received by the various senses 

indra (Zhanissa et al., 2017). the more a 

person performs the same movement 

continuously in the long term, the human 

sense of motion will remember the 

movement because of the sensory 

processes in the body (Rosmi, 2017). 

In archery, kinesthetic perception 

is important because the sport is a sport 

that requires a sense of motion to get 

maximum scoring results (Akbar, Andi 

Khemal, 2018a). Kinesthetic perception 

is a function of the organs of the human 

body which is closely related to body 

movements and body parts both 



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passively and actively (Ngadenan, 

2015). 

According to (Wattimena, 2015) 

anxiety can arise because of ongoing or 

existing situations that cause threats and 

insecurity. Anxiety is an unpleasant 

feeling caused by a threatening situation 

(Jannah, 2017). Anxiety in sports is the 

pressure given to athletes to give the best 

performance results, matches and 

competitions are one example of a threat 

that can cause anxiety. 

Based on the facts in the field, the 

mental condition of children who are still 

very unstable is very difficult to make 

children reduce their anxiety when doing 

archery matches or competitions. 

because in fact in the field of children it 

is still very difficult to reduce anxiety 

because of many factors such as external 

and internal factors. External factors that 

are often encountered by children are the 

environment and opponents, while on the 

internal factor children are often not 

confident which causes anxiety and 

causes poor performance in matches. In 

addition, researchers also want to know 

whether anxiety in archery can affect 

archery scoring results. 

With the development of the 

sport of archery in Indonesia with the 

increasing number of archery clubs. 

Each club has an age category to 

categorize the training program with the 

majority of children's ages. Researchers 

are very interested in researching the 

problems that have been presented in the 

background. So that this study raises the 

issue with the title of the effect of eye-

hand coordination, kinesthetic 

perception and anxiety on the results of 

West Jakarta U-12 archery scoring. 

METHOD 

Research Design 

In this study, researchers used 

quantitative associative research 

methods, with quantitative approaches 

and survey methods techniques and used 

path analysis techniques. Path analysis is 

an analytical technique used to analyze 

the inherent causal relationship between 

variables arranged in a temporary order 

by using path coefficients as the value in 

determining the magnitude of the effect 

of the exogenous independent variable 

on the endogenous dependent variable 

(Sarwono, 2011). 

The variables studied consisted 

of four variables consisting of three 

exogenous variables and one 

endogenous variable. Exogenous 

variables consist of Eye-Hand 

Coordination (X1), Kinesthetic 

Perception (X2), Anxiety (X3) and 



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Nurikhwan Aziz Arifin, Ika Novitaria Marani, Mansur Jauhari 

 

 

endogenous variables are the results of 

archery scoring U-12 West Jakarta (Y). 

This research was carried out 

from May 2021 to June 2021. The place 

of research was carried out in West 

Jakarta which was in 5 clubs. 

Population and Sample 

The population is a 

generalization area consisting of 

objects/subjects that have certain 

qualities and characteristics set by the 

researcher to be studied and then draw 

conclusions (Sarwono, 2011). In this 

study the target population or target 

population is 5 clubs with a total of 60 

archers who are active members of all 

clubs in the West Jakarta area. 

Sampling technique is a 

sampling technique to determine the 

sample to be used in research. Purposive 

sampling is a technique for determining 

a sample of certain considerations 

(Sugiyono, 2015). The sample to be used 

is 37 archers from all clubs in the West 

Jakarta. 

Research Instrument 

The research instruments used in 

this study were 1) Archery scoring test 

results using a test instrument shooting 

arrows through the face of a target or 

target, 2) Eye-hand coordination test 

using a hand throwing test and catching 

a ball with a score on a wall that has been 

determined by the value in each box 

respectively, 3) The kinesthetic 

perception test uses the kinesthetic 

perception test, 4) The anxiety test uses 

the Indonesian version of the Sport 

Anxiety Scale (SAS) questionnaire test, 

which was adapted from (Smith, Smoll, 

Schutz 1990). 

Data Analysis 

The data obtained were analyzed 

using statistical formulas in the form of 

data descriptions, normality tests, 

linearity tests and regression 

significance tests. After the normality 

test, linearity regression test, and 

regression significance were carried out, 

then followed by path analysis to test the 

research hypothesis. The data analyzed 

in this study consisted of four units of 

analysis, namely: 1) Eye-hand 

coordination test results (X1), 2) 

Kinesthetic perception test results (X2), 

3) Anxiety test results (X3), 4) U-12 

archery scoring results West Jakarta (Y). 

RESULTS 

1. Structural Model Testing I 

Based on table 1, it appears 

that R2 of 0.868 means that 86.8% of 

the kinesthetic perception variable 

(X2) can be explained by the eye-

hand coordination variable (X1). So 



Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (01), March- 82 

Nurikhwan Aziz Arifin, Ika Novitaria Marani, Mansur Jauhari 

 

 

the error (ε_1) = 1- R2 = 1 – 0.931 = 

0.069. Coefficient of eye-hand 

coordination pathway (X1) and 

kinesthetic perception (X2) or (p21) = 

0.931 obtained Sig value. = 0.000//2= 

0.00 < = 0.05. From the results of 

testing the structural model 1 is 

significant. For more details can be 

seen in the following image: 

Table 1.  

Structural Model Path Coefficient I 

Variabel R2 
Koef 

Beta 

P-

Value/2 
Information 

X1, X2 

(p21) 

0,868 
0,931 0,00 Significant 

 

2. Structural Model Testing II 

Based on table 4.15, it appears 

that R2 of 0.886 means that 88.6% of the 

anxiety variable variable (X3) can be 

explained by the eye-hand coordination 

variable (X1) and kinesthetic perception 

(X2). So the error (ε_2) = 1- R2 = 1 – 

0.886 = 0.114. The path coefficient (X1) 

against (X3) or (p31) = 0.663 and (X2) 

against (X3) or (p32) = 0.669 obtained 

the value of Sig. = 0.000/2 = 0.000 < = 

0.05 and Sig. = 0.000 /2 = 0.00 < = 0.05. 

From the results of testing the structural 

model 2 is significant. For more details 

can be seen in the following image: 

Table 2.  

Structural Model Path Coefficient II 

Variabel R2 
Koef 

Beta 
P-Value/2 Information 

X1, X3 

(p31) 

0,886 
0,663 0,000 Significant 

X2, X3 

(p32) 

0,889 
0,669 0,000 Significant 

 

3. Structural Model Testing III 

Based on table 3, it appears that 

R Square (R2) of 0.971 means that 

97.1% of the archery scoring results (Y) 

can be explained by the eye-hand 

coordination variable (X1), kinesthetic 

perception (X2) and anxiety (X3). So the 

error (ε_3) = 1- R2 = 1 – 0.971 = 0.029. 

Based on ANOVA in table 4.16, it is 

obtained that Fo = 371,020; db1 = 3; db2 

= 33, p-value 0.000 <0.05 or Ho is 

rejected. Thus, the variables of eye-hand 

coordination (X1), kinesthetic 

perception (X2), anxiety (X3) 

simultaneously affect the archery 

scoring results (Y) of West Jakarta U-12 

archery athletes. For more details can be 

seen in the following image: 

Table 3.  

Structural Model Path Coefficient III 
 Model ANOVA 

1  Df 

R  

R Square  

Adjusted R Square 

Std. error of the Estimate 

.985 

.971 

.969 

.301 

Regression

Residual 

Total  

3 

33 

36 

Change 

Statistics  

R Square 

Change 

F Change  

df1 

df2 

Sig. F 

Change 

.971 

371.020 

3 

33 

.000 

F 

Sig. 

 

371.020 

.000b 

a. Dependent Variable: Scoring Archery 

b. Predictors: (Constant), Anxiety, Kinesthetic perception, Eye-hand 

coordination 

 

Discussion of Research Results 



Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (01), March- 83 

Nurikhwan Aziz Arifin, Ika Novitaria Marani, Mansur Jauhari 

 

 

Based on the test results of all the 

hypotheses that have been carried out in 

the hypothesis testing section, it can be 

stated that: 

First, based on the results of the 

research conducted, that there is a direct 

effect of eye-hand coordination on the 

archery scores of the U-12 archery 

athletes in West Jakarta with the path 

coefficient Py1 = 0.259 with a value of 

Sig. = 0.000 < = 0.05. It turns out that 

hand eye coordination has a direct and 

significant effect on archery scoring 

results. The effect of eye-hand 

coordination on archery scoring results is 

6.7%. While the remaining 93.3% are 

influenced by other factors. Based on 

these findings, it can be concluded that 

the archery scores of the U-12 archery 

athletes in West Jakarta are directly 

influenced by eye-hand coordination. 

Second, Based on the results of 

the research conducted, that there is a 

direct influence of kinesthetic perception 

on the archery results of the U-12 

archery athletes in West Jakarta with the 

path coefficient Py2 = 0.130 with a value 

of Sig. = 0.021 < = 0.05. It turns out that 

kinesthetic perception has a direct and 

significant effect on archery scoring 

results. The effect of kinesthetic 

perception on archery scoring results is 

1.69%. While the remaining 98.31% are 

influenced by other factors. Based on 

these findings, it can be concluded that 

the archery scores of the U-12 archery 

athletes in West Jakarta are directly 

influenced by kinesthetic perception. 

Third, based on the results of the 

research conducted, that there is a direct 

influence of anxiety on the archery 

scores of the U-12 archery athletes in 

West Jakarta with the path coefficient 

Py3 = 0.398 with a value of Sig. = 0.000 

< = 0.05. It turns out that anxiety has a 

direct and significant effect on the results 

of archery scoring. The effect of anxiety 

on archery scoring results is 15.28%. 

While the remaining 84.72% are 

influenced by other factors. Based on 

these findings, it can be concluded that 

the archery scores of the U-12 archery 

athletes in West Jakarta are directly 

affected by anxiety.  

Fourth, based on the results of 

research conducted, that there is a direct 

effect of eye-hand coordination on 

anxiety, the path coefficient results P31 

= 0.663 with a Sig value. = 0.000/2 = 

0.000 < = 0.05, so Ha accepts and Ho is 

rejected. That is, there is a direct effect 

of eye-hand coordination on the anxiety 

of West Jakarta U-12 archery athletes. 

Based on these results, the direct effect 



Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (01), March- 84 

Nurikhwan Aziz Arifin, Ika Novitaria Marani, Mansur Jauhari 

 

 

of eye-hand coordination on the anxiety 

of the U-12 archery athletes in West 

Jakarta is 43.96%, while the rest are 

other factors that are not explained in this 

study. 

Fifth, based on the results of 

research conducted, that there is a direct 

influence of kinesthetic perception on 

anxiety, the path coefficient results P32 

= 0.669 with a Sig value. = 0.000/2 = 

0.000 < = 0.05, so Ha accepts and Ho is 

rejected. That is, there is a direct 

influence of kinesthetic perception on 

the anxiety of West Jakarta U-12 archery 

athletes. Based on these results, the 

magnitude of the direct influence of 

kinesthetic perception on the anxiety of 

the U-12 archery athletes in West Jakarta 

is 44.76%, while the rest are other factors 

that are not explained in this study. 

Sixth, Based on the analysis test 

results that the value of the indirect 

influence path coefficient given the 

intervening variable (p31.py3) is greater 

than the direct influence path coefficient 

value (py1) eye-hand coordination on the 

archery scoring results (p31.py3 = 0.264 

> py1 = 0.259 ). Thus, indirectly there is 

a mediating effect given by the eye-hand 

coordination variable through anxiety on 

the archery results of West Jakarta U-12 

archery athletes. The total direct effect of 

eye-hand coordination on the results of 

archery scoring and the indirect effect 

given through anxiety is 0.523 or 27.4%. 

Based on previous findings, the direct 

effect of eye-hand coordination on 

archery scoring results was 0.259 or 

6.7%, while the effect of eye-hand 

coordination through anxiety on archery 

scoring results was 0.523 or 27.35%. 

This means that if these two variables are 

integrated, the effect obtained is very 

significant. It can be interpreted that eye-

hand coordination through anxiety has a 

greater influence on the archery results 

of West Jakarta U-12 archery athletes. 

Seventh, Based on the analysis 

test results that the value of the indirect 

influence path coefficient given the 

intervening variable (p32.py3) is greater 

than the direct influence path coefficient 

value (py2) kinesthetic perception of the 

archery scoring results (p32.py3 = 0.266 

> py2 = 0.169) . That is, indirectly there 

is a mediating effect given by the 

kinesthetic perception variable on the 

archery scores of the U-12 archery 

athletes in West Jakarta. The total direct 

effect of kinesthetic perception on 

archery scoring results and the indirect 

effect given through anxiety is 0.435 or 

18.9%. Based on previous findings, the 

direct effect of kinesthetic perception on 



Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (01), March- 85 

Nurikhwan Aziz Arifin, Ika Novitaria Marani, Mansur Jauhari 

 

 

archery scoring results was 0.130 or 

1.69%, while the effect of kinesthetic 

perception through anxiety on archery 

scoring results was 0.435 or 18.9%. This 

means that if these two variables are 

integrated, the effect obtained is very 

significant. It can be interpreted that 

kinesthetic perception through anxiety 

has a greater influence on the archery 

scores of West Jakarta U-12 archery 

athletes. 

CONCLUSION 

Conclusions were drawn based 

on research findings with exogenous 

variables consisting of hand eye 

coordination (X1), kinesthetic 

perception (X2) and anxiety (X3). The 

endogenous variable is the archery score 

of the U-12 archery athlete in West 

Jakarta (Y), as follows: 

1. Eye-hand coordination has a direct 

and significant effect on the archery 

results of archery U-12 athletes in 

West Jakarta by 6.7%. 

2. Kinesthetic perception has a direct 

and significant effect on the archery 

results of the U-12 archery athletes in 

West Jakarta by 1.69%. 

3. Anxiety has a direct and significant 

effect on the archery scores of U-12 

archery athletes in West Jakarta by 

15.8%. 

4. Eye-hand coordination has a direct 

and significant effect on the anxiety 

of West Jakarta U-12 archery athletes 

by 43.96%. 

5. Kinesthetic perception has a direct 

and significant effect on the anxiety 

of West Jakarta U-12 archery athletes 

by 44.76%. 

6. Eye-hand coordination has an indirect 

effect on archery scoring results 

through the anxiety of West Jakarta 

U-12 archery athletes by 26.4%. 

7. Kinesthetic perception has an indirect 

effect on archery scoring results 

through the anxiety of West Jakarta 

U-12 archery athletes by 26.6%. 

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