Available online at : http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/gjik Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 12 (05) 2021, 368-377 Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.125.04 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. THE DYSMENORRHEA EFFECT OF ARCHERS PERFORMANCE ON ARCHERY SPORTS Fatah Nurdin1, Yuliasih1, Sudrajat Wiradihardja1 1 Ilmu Keolahragaan, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Pemuda No.10 Rawamangun, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia 13220 Coresponding author. Email: Bintek03@yahoo.com Abstract This study aims to determine the impact of dysmenorrhea on archers' performance in archery at UNJ, the factors that influence dysmenorrhea and the prevention and treatment of dysmenorrhea. The research method used is a descriptive method with a survey technique, namely analyzing the impact of dysmenorrhea on the performance of archers in the archery sport of UNJ. The research was conducted in the archery field of FIK UNJ in August 2021. The population is female archers at the UNJ archery club, totaling 50 people. The sampling technique uses quota sampling, namely the technique of determining samples from the population that have certain characteristics up to the number (quota) What is desired with this research sample is female archery athletes who have experienced puberty or menstruation and have practiced archery for at least six months with a sample of 20 people. The results of this study are that there is no significant difference in the results of archery when experiencing dysmenorrhea or when not experiencing dysmenorrhea. Thus, the condition of dysmenorrhea did not affect the scores of archery athletes at UNJ. Keywords: dysmenorrhea, archery,performance. INTRODUCTION Women's health is an important and endless topic to discuss. The level of women's health reflects the level of health services in a country, if the maternal mortality rate is still high, it means that the level of health services is not good, so anything related to women's health is always a cycle of endless discussion, one of which is menstruation in woman. (Wiknjosastro, Hanifa, 2007). In archery, especially in Indonesia, there are many female athletes from children to adults, even archery is not just a sport, but also a means of worship for Muslims because archery is a sunnah sport. Archery requires a subtle touch of the soul, patience, tenacity, concentration and high mental endurance and has a high level of anxiety. (Ramdan & Nadya, 2017). If the archery athlete is not calm, it will cause the exercise pulse to increase due to high anxiety levels and will have an effect on reduced concentration so that in shooting arrows, the arrows shot will not match the target desired by the athlete. Menstruation usually begins at the age of 9-12 years. there are some women who experience menstruation mailto:Bintek03@yahoo.com Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (05), Desember- 369 Fatah Nurdin, Yuliasih, Sudrajat Wiradihardja later than that (13-15 years). The condition of adolescents who have experienced menstruation is emotionally unstable. Some can also cause symptoms such as soreness in the thighs, pain in the breast area, fatigue, irritability, loss of balance, carelessness and sleep disturbances, even some women experience pain during menstruation which is called dysmenorrhea. (Wiknjosastro, Hanifa, 2007). Dysmenorrhea is a medical condition that occurs during menstruation or menstruation that can interfere with activities and require treatment. Dysmenorrhea is characterized by pain or tenderness in the abdomen or hips, menstrual pain that is crampy and centered in the lower abdomen. Cramping pain that is felt before or during menstruation can also be pain in the buttocks. Pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness or even fainting. The incidence of menstrual pain in the world is very large. On average, more than 50% of women in every country experience menstrual pain. The percentage in America is around 60% and in Sweden it is around 72%. While in Indonesia the figure is estimated at 55% of women of reproductive age who are tormented by pain during menstruation.The incidence (prevalence) of menstrual pain ranges from 45 – 95% among women aged productive. Dysmenorrhea can be overcome or reduced one of them by doing regular exercise. (Soegiyanto, 2013) Explaining that, sport is not only potential for men, but women can also raise their name from the achievements they get through various sports. However, there is an assumption that women during the menstrual period is a moment where women become weak, because menstruation affects physical and psychological conditions. Other studies suggest that the physiological response to exercise before the menstrual cycle is very different in women with disabilities. Other evidence shows that most women can train and compete normally during menstruation, but some women experience fluid retention and abdominal cramps before menstruation and during menstruation. One of the evidences from the newspaper on August 16, 2016 that researchers read about swimming athletes from China, namely Fu Yuanhui. Fu Yuanhui Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (05), Desember- 370 Fatah Nurdin, Yuliasih, Sudrajat Wiradihardja admitted that she was on her period when she competed at the Rio Olympics. After Yuanhui finished the 4 x 100 meter relay, she honestly told reporters that she felt unfit because she was menstruating. This woman from China managed to donate a silver medal at the Rio Olympics in 2016. State of The Art Dysmenorrhea is a physical disorder in women who are menstruating in the form of pain/abdominal cramps. Prevention can be done by doing light exercise such as gymnastics. Dysmenorrhea can affect a person's performance as stated in the background above. The state of the art of this research is dysmenorrhea in the sport of archery. Research purposes To find out the impact of dysmenorrhea on archer performance in archery UNJ, factors that affect dysmenorrhea and prevention and treatment of dysmenorrhea Menstruation Menstruation is the first menstruation that occurs, which is a characteristic of the maturity of a woman who is healthy and not pregnant (Fairus, 2011). Meanwhile, according to Proverawati and Misaroh, menstruation is a sign of a change in social status from children to adulthood, and other changes such as breast growth, hair growth in the pubic and axillary areas, and fat distribution in the hip area. From the above opinion, the researcher concludes that menstruation is the first menstruation experienced by a woman which is a characteristic of a woman's maturity, as a sign of the transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by secondary characteristics, namely the growth of armpit hair, pubic hair growth, and enlargement breast. Generally, adolescents who experience menstruation (menarche) are at the age of 12 to 16 years. This period will change behavior from several aspects, for example psychological and others. Women usually have their first menstruation at the age of 12-16 years. The menstrual cycle (Menarche) is normal every 22-35 days, with the length of menstruation (Menarche) for 3-7 days. Factors that affect Menstruation The factors that affect menstruation are: a. Hormone Factor Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (05), Desember- 371 Fatah Nurdin, Yuliasih, Sudrajat Wiradihardja Hormones that affect the occurrence of menstruation in women are: 1. Estrogen Hormone The hormone estrogen is very influential in the growth process of adolescents during puberty. This hormone also plays a role in female reproduction and also the ovulation cycle. 2. Progesteron Hormone This hormone is very useful in maintaining pregnancy in women and also the menstrual cycle which has a role in thickening the uterine wall. 3. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) LH is a hormone that affects the process of menstruation. This hormone is referred to as a hormone whose job is to stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs so that the ovulation process goes well. 4. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) FSH is a hormone in controlling the menstrual cycle and is very influential in the maturation of eggs. b. Enzyme Factor Hydrolytic enzymes present in the endometrium damage cells that play a role in protein synthesis, which interferes with metabolism, resulting in endometrial regression and bleeding. c. Vascular Factor During the proliferative phase, vascularization occurs within the functional layer of the endometrium. Along with the growth of the endometrium, the arteries, veins, and connections between them also grow. With endometrial regression, there is stasis in the veins and the channels connecting them to the arteries, and eventually necrosis and hemorrhage occur with hematoma formation, from both arteries and veins. d. Prostagladins Factor The endometrium contains prostaglandins E2 and F2. With disintegration of the endometrium, prostaglandins are released and cause myometrial contractions as a factor limiting menstrual bleeding. Dysmenorrhea According to Laila (2012) Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation that can cause physical problems such as nausea, weakness, and diarrhea and can interfere with activities. Women who experience dysmenorrhea will experience disturbances in their learning activities because learning is an activity that involves physical work as well as the brain. Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (05), Desember- 372 Fatah Nurdin, Yuliasih, Sudrajat Wiradihardja Dysmenorrhea in Indonesian is menstrual pain, the nature and degree of this pain varies. Ranging from light to heavy. Severe conditions can interfere with daily activities, forcing the sufferer to rest and leave work or daily life for several hours or days. Almost all women experience discomfort in the lower abdomen during menstruation. The uterus or womb is made up of muscles that also contract and relax. Generally, uterine muscle contractions are not felt, but strong and frequent contractions cause blood flow to the uterus to be disrupted, causing pain (Aulia, 2009). Many women experience physical discomfort for a few days before their menstrual period comes, (Darmansyah :2012). Approximately half of all women suffer from dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) (Dawood: 2006). The pain itself can be described as mild pain, moderate pain and severe pain until this pain can be treated with dysmenorrhea drugs (Benson: 2009). So dysmenorrhea is a condition where there is pain in the lower abdomen and even nausea and vomiting if it is too severe. Archery Archery is a sport that is recommended in Islam and sunnah by the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Archery is closely related to targeting, because the ultimate goal of archery is to shoot arrows at the target face correctly, so one of the factors needed in archery movements is consistency, which must be done continuously during training and during competition. (Munawar et all. 2012). The archery athlete's achievement is accuracy in aiming at the target, which means that the athlete must have good physical abilities, not only strength but also strong muscle endurance because the athlete must shoot 6 arrows per 6 sessions in which the athlete shoots a total of 36 arrows. The mental aspects needed include concentration. According to Wilson. et al., concentration is the ability of a person to focus on a task without being disturbed and influenced by stimuli, both internal and external (Putra, 2017). Figure 1. Archers Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (05), Desember- 373 Fatah Nurdin, Yuliasih, Sudrajat Wiradihardja Sumber: Farrell C. 2018. 7 Hal Yang Harus Kamu Ketahui Tentang Olahraga Panahan. https://blog.kurio.co.id/inside- kurio/insidekurio/7-hal-yang-harus- kamu-ketahui-tentang-olahraga- panahan/. Archery is an individual sport and competes to collect the highest scores. The archer's goal is to shoot 36 arrows at the target's face at a distance of 70 meters. The target face is a circle with a diameter of 30 cm, each target has the smallest value of 0 (edge target) to the largest value of 10 (middle target). Figure 2. Target Face Size 122 cm Sumber: Worldarchery METHOD This study uses a descriptive method, which only describes a variable with a survey technique, which aims to collect information about the variable and also aims to collect data and then collect it to analyze the impact of dysmenorrhea on the performance of archers in UNJ archery. The place of research was conducted at the Archery Field, FIK UNJ, Jl. Pemuda No. 10 Rawamangun East Jakarta in August- September 2021. The population in this study were 56 female archers who joined the FIO UNJ archery club. Sampling in this study used the quota sampling method. According to Sugiyono (2010) Quota sampling is a technique of determining a sample from a population that has certain characteristics to the desired number (quota) with the sample of this study being female archery athletes who have experienced puberty or menstruation and have practiced archery for at least six months with a total sample of 20 people. The data collection technique is to measure the total score of archery results in menstruating and normal conditions (not menstruating). Then the data is collected for further processing. The instruments used in this study were the archery field, bow, arrow, archery score recorder and stopwatch. The data analysis technique used the t-test which compared the t-count with the t-table. If t-count < t-table, there is no change in the archery score, both in normal conditions and during Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (05), Desember- 374 Fatah Nurdin, Yuliasih, Sudrajat Wiradihardja menstruation. If t-count > t-table, there is a change in the archery score, both under normal conditions and during menstruation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION RESULTS Based on the results of data processing, the research data can be described in terms of the average, median, mode, and variance. The data can be seen in the table below: Table 1. Description of Research Results on the Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Archers' Performance in Archery UNJ Size Value Normal Score Dysmenorrhea Score The highest score 335 330 Lowest Value 213 176 Average 283,5 272,1 Median 286,5 275 Mode 296; 327 176; 269; 320; 327 Variance 1403,56 6 2150,411 Source: Data Processing Results Based on the table above, it can be explained that the average normal score is 283.5 while the average archer during dysmenorrhea is 272.1. The normal score has the highest score of 335 and the dysmenorrheal score has the highest score of 330, the lowest score for the normal score is 213 while the score for dysmenorrhea is 176, the median normal score is 286.5 and the median score for dysmenorrhea is 275. The mode for the normal score is 296. and 327 while the score for dysmenorrhea is 176, 269, 320, 327. And the variance has a normal score of 1403,566 and the score for dysmenorrhea is 2150,411. Table 2. Normal Score Frequency Distribution Source: Data Processing Results No. Class Interval Middle value Absolute Frekuency Relative Frekuen si (%) 1 213 - 236 224,5 3 15 2 237 - 260 247,5 2 10 3 261 - 284 270,3 4 20 4 285 - 308 293,5 6 30 5 309 - 332 316,5 3 15 6 333 - 356 339,5 2 10 Amount 20 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 213-236 237-260 261-284 285-308 309-332 333-356 Ke l as In te rval Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (05), Desember- 375 Fatah Nurdin, Yuliasih, Sudrajat Wiradihardja Figure 3. Normal Score Bar Chart Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 12 (05), Desember- 376 Fatah Nurdin, Yuliasih, Sudrajat Wiradihardja Table 3. Frequency Distribution of Dysmenorrhea Score No. Class Interval Middle value Absolute Frekuency Relative Frekuensi (%) 1 176 - 205 190,5 2 10 2 206 - 235 220,5 1 5 3 236 - 265 250,5 5 25 4 266 - 295 280,5 4 20 5 296 - 325 310,5 5 25 6 326 - 355 340,5 3 15 Amount 20 100 Source: Data Processing Results 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 7 6 - 2 0 5 2 0 6 - 2 3 5 2 3 6 - 2 6 5 2 6 6 - 2 9 5 2 9 6 - 3 2 5 3 2 6 - 3 5 5 Ke las Inte rval Figure 4. Dysmenorrhea score bar chart Discussion Based on the results of the research and the results of data processing, the t-count is 0.874 and the t-table is 2.025 at = 0.05, then the t- count is 0.874 < t-table 2.025 so that there is no significant difference to the results of archery when experiencing dysmenorrhea or when no dysmenorrhea. Thus, the condition of dysmenorrhea did not affect the scores of archery athletes at UNJ. Conclusion From the results of the research that has been carried out and the results of data processing that has been carried out, it can be concluded that there is no impact of dysmenorrhea on the performance of archers in the sport of archery UNJ and there are other factors that affect dysmenorrhea. REFERENCES Aulia. (2009). Kupas Tuntas Menstruasi.Yogyakarta: Milestone. Benson, Ralph C & Pernoll, MartinL., (2009). Berbagai Kelainan dan komplikasi Menstruasi. Dalam: Buku saku obstetric dan ginekologi. Jakarta. Darmansjah I, Dasar Toksikologi Dalam Farmakologi dan Terapi, Jakarta: Bagian Farmakologi FKUI, Edisi 5;2012. Dawood, my, : Dismenore In : Scianra JJ. Gynaecology and Obstretric, reviset edition, Philadelphia, J.B Lippin cott company. 2006, 108(2): 428-41. Dito, Anrogo. Cara Jitu Mengatasi Nyeri haid, Yogyakarta; 2011. Laila, N.N. (2011). Buku Pintar Menstruasi. Buku Biru: Yogyakarta. Putra, M., R., T. (2017). 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