Available online at : http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/gjik
Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 13 (01) 2022, 22-40
Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.131.03
The Effect Of Balance, Arm Muscle Strength,
And Coordination Of Batting Skills Cricket
Yulia Anggraeni1*, Ramdan Pelana1, Hernawan1
1 Pendidikan Olahraga, Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Jakarta,
Komplek Universitas Negeri Jakarta Gedung M. Hatta Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia
13220
Correspondiing author. Email : yulia.anggraeni100794@gmail.com
Abstract This study aims to determine direct and indirect effects, and also the
simultaneous effect of exogenous variables with endogenous variables. The research
method is an associative quantitative approach, with test and measurement techniques.
The data analysis technique uses a path analysis approach. In this study, The population
is 60 athletes from the DKI Jakarta and Java cricket plate athletes. The sampling
technique is total sampling. So, the number of samples in this study is 60 people
consisting of 30 male athletes and 30 female athletes. Batting skills using the batting tee
test. Balance using a balance test. Arm muscle strength using Pull and Push Dynamometer
test, Coordination Instrument using Coordination test. The results of this study is the
direct effect of variable X1 on Y = 0.271. The direct effect of variable X2 on Y = 0.478.
The direct effect of variable X3 on Y = 0.216. The direct effect of variable X1 on X3 =
0.121. The direct effect of the X2 variable on X3 = 0.665. The indirect effect of variable
X1 on Y through X3 = 0.121 x 0.216 = 0.026. The indirect effect of variable X2 on Y
through X3 = 0.665 x 0.290 = 0.075.
Keywords: balance; strength; coordination; batting skills cricket
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
INTRODUCTION
Cricket is one of the most popular
sports in the world, cricket is a sport that
has developed for 40 years in the world
community (James, Curtis, Allen, &
Rippin, 2012). This sport is much loved
by everyone from children to adults.
Cricket populeh because it has been
played in many countries. Menurut
(Amin & Sharma, 2014) cricket is
widely played in England, India,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Australia, New
Zealand, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
Cricket is played between two
teams of 11 players on a pitch 22 yards
long in the middle of oval-shaped
grounds of various sizes (Norman &
Clarke, 2010). (Perera, 2015) Cricket is
a game played between two teams of 11
players each, where the two teams
alternate scoring (batting) and defending
(fielding). A player (bowler) from the
fielding team delivers a ball to a player
(batsman) from the batting team, who
should strike it with a bat in order to
score while the rest of the fielding team
(fielders) defend the scoring.
The person who performs the
batting is called the batsman. (Norman &
Clarke, 2010) Batsmen play in pairs, one
on strike facing the bowler and one at the
bowler’s end, and after hitting the ball
can score a run each time both of them
traverse the length of the pitch, thus
changing ends. Batman plays in pairs
with one batsman facing the bowler and
the other standing next to the bowler.
Both scored by hitting the ball and
running around the area. The batsman
hits the ball using a bat, and is protected
with gloves, a genital protective pad, and
a helmet. The main goal of any batsman
is to make the numbers constantly.
(Wichitaksorn, Choy, & Gerlach, 2014)
“batting team attempts to score.”. The
numbers earned by the batsman are
usually in matches listed in the cricket
application.
Research in the sport of cricket so
far has been mostly done to analyze the
basic techniques of playing cricket
without looking at the initial motion
sequence, implementation attitude and
final attitude, physiological aspects,
strength and conditioning, tests and
measurements as well as biomechanics
related to strategy or playing success.
The research done by (A. K.
Sarkar, James, Busch, & Thiel, 2012)
about Cricket bat acceleration profile
from sweet-spot impacts. Then research
from (Peploe, King, & Harland, 2014)
about The effects of different delivery
methods on the movement kinematics of
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
elite cricket batsmen in repeated front
foot drives. Similarly, research
conducted by (Amin & Sharma, 2014)
about Measuring batting parameters in
cricket: A two-stage regression-OWA
method. Next, (Preston & Thomas,
2000), about Batting strategy in limited
overs cricket. (S. Sarkar & Banerjee,
2016) research about Measuring batting
consistency and comparing batting
greats in test cricket: innovative
applications of statistical tools. (Norman
& Clarke, 2010) about Optimal batting
orders in cricket. (James et al., 2012)
about The validity of a rigid body model
of a cricket ball-bat impact. (Curtis,
Hurt, & Heller, 2014) about The
reliability of a tapping test as an indicator
of cricket bat performance.
Next, (Sifa, 2018) research about
“The Influence of Global and
Elementary Learning Methods on
Batting Technique Skills (Striking the
Ball) of Cricket Athletes, Padang State
University”. Further, research conducted
by (Scarf, Shi, & Akhtar, 2011) “On the
distribution of runs scored and batting
strategy in test cricket”. Unlike (Town,
Africa, & Africa, 2010) “Upper Body
Muscle Strength And Batting
Performance In Cricket Batsmen”. And
the evaluation done by (Press, Noorbhai,
Noorbhai, & Noakes, 2018) in his
research “An evaluation of the coaching
methods of the batting backlift technique
in cricket”
The previous research shows that
there is no comprehensive research on
cricket which concerns the study of the
effect of balance, arm muscle strength
and coordination on cricket batting
skills. Thus, this research has an update.
Cricket Batting Skills
A cricket player is required to
master the basic techniques of the game
of cricket well, in order to be able to
continue basic technical skills to
advanced techniques so that they can
master complex or advanced techniques.
Mastery of the correct basic technique
will greatly help a player and is a must
that must be mastered by cricket players
(Ramdhan & Sunaryadi, 2019).
In playing cricket, players take
on certain roles, one of which is batting.
In the game of cricket, players take on
specific roles which include batting”
(Olivier, Stewart, Olorunju, & McKinon,
2015) Cricket is played between two
teams of 11 players on a pitch 22 yards
long in the middle of oval-shaped
grounds of various sizes. Batsmen play
in pairs, one on strike facing the bowler
and one at the bowler’s end, and after
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
hitting the ball can score a run each time
both of them traverse the length of the
pitch, thus changing ends. Batsmen are
not obliged to run, and may score from 0
to 6 for each ball bowled. (leaving one
batsman not out). (Norman, J., 2010).
Batsman plays in pairs, one facing the
bowler and the other being stunned by
the bowler, and after hitting the ball runs
for a score every time they both run. The
bat can score from 0-6 for every ball
thrown.
The sport of cricket has a straight
drive, a straight drive is a shot that is
played attacking, vertical or straight bat
style with a movement to hit the ball
straight full or over the pitch. The ball
can be hit from anywhere between the
midon and the cover, depending on the
direction of the ball. A straight drive is
often done when the ball falls close to the
batsman's feet, then the front foot goes
forward with the body weight forward
and the bat is swung in the direction of
the arrival of the ball/forward then
attacks the ball, hitting the ball to get a
run.
To improve your batting skills
there is something to note. According to
(Jolimont & Victoria, 2005) How to
hold the bat (The Grip); The Stance, and
Backlift; Eyes level (looking straight
ahead); Elbow position (rotate the
shoulders); Hit the ball (attack the ball);
Follow through (continued movement).
From the explanation above, it
can be concluded that the batting skill is
one of the basic techniques in cricket
where the technique aims to collect as
many scores as possible by hitting the
ball and running as much as possible.
Balance
Balance has a very important role
in sports performance. In the game of
cricket, balance is needed when batting
(hitting) where balance is needed at rest
(static) or moving (dynamic). Balance is
the ability to maintain posture and body
position quickly when standing (static
balance) or when performing
movements (dynamic balance) (Dan et
al., 2016).
Balance is the ability to maintain
proper posture and body position when
standing (static balance) or when
performing movements (dynamic
balance) (Widiastuti, 2011). Balance is a
person's ability to maintain his body
position or the ability to control the
muscle nerve organs to withstand loads
or resistance which is carried out both
dynamically and statically (Muhammad
Adam et al., n.d 2012.)
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Balance is the ability to maintain
a projection of the center of the body on
a supporting platform while standing,
sitting, transiting and walking (Howe,
Rochester, Neil, Skelton, & Ballinger,
2011). “Balance is defined as the process
that maintains the center of gravity
within the body’s support bases”
(Alonso, Greve, & Camanho, 2009).
Balance is the process of maintaining the
position of the body’s centre of gravity
vertically over the base of support and
relies on rapid, continuous feedback
from visual, vestibular and
somatosensory structures and then
executing smooth and coordinated
neuromuscular actions (Hrysomallis,
2011).
Arm Muscle Strength
Sports activities require a
biomotor component of strength.
Strength is the ability to exert maximum
power in one muscle contraction in
humans (Chan, 2012). Strength is a
component of a person's physical
condition regarding his ability to use
muscles to accept loads while working
optimally (Supriyanto & Martiani,
2019). Muscular strength is the ability of
a muscle or group of muscles to perform
one maximal contraction against
resistance or load (Pelana, 2015).
Arm muscle strength is the
ability of the muscles to generate tension
in a resistance and lift weights (Fakhi &
Barlian,2019). “arm power is the ability
of the muscles to exert maximum power
in a very fast time” (Bujang, Desy Tya
Maya, & Yafi Velyan, 2019). Muscle
power depends on the amount of nerve
stimulation and the number of active
motor units” (Rezaimanesh, Amiri-
Farsani, & Saidian, 2011). Muscle
strength depends on the amount of nerve
stimulation and the number of active
motor units. In batting cricket, players
really need strength when batting, will
automatically use the arm with hitting
power so that with that power the ball
can roll quickly.
Strength can be divided into
general strength, special strength,
maximum strength, endurance strength,
absolute strength, and relative strength
(Gazali, 2016). Strength can be broken
down into three, namely; 1) maximum
strength is the power / great power
produced by a contracting muscle
without determining how long the
movement can be continued. 2) Elastic
strength is a type of strength that is
indispensable where the muscle can
move quickly against a resistance. 3)
Endurance is the ability of muscles to
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
continuously use power in the face of
fatigue. Strength endurance is a
combination of strength and duration of
movement itself (Tangkudung, 2012).
Coordination
Coordination is a person's ability
to integrate different movements into a
single movement pattern effectively
(Iswoyo, 2015). Coordination is the
ability to control body movements
(Yusuf, 2015). Coordination is a person's
ability to integrate different movements
into a single movement pattern
effectively (Junaidi, 2015).
Good coordination will be able to
carry out various movements with
various levels of difficulty quickly, fully
targeted and of course efficient in their
movements (Hermansyah, Imanudin, &
Badruzaman, 2017). Coordination
involves moving the eyes, hands, and
feet together. eye-hand-foot
coordination is another factor that forms
the basis of execution, especially more
complex movements (Nugraheni &
Widodo, 2017). Eye-hand-foot
coordination is the result of a
combination of performance from the
quality of muscles, bones and joints in
carrying out an effective and efficient
movement (Sridadi, 2019)
Eye-hand-foot coordination is
the ability to perform movements with
varying degrees of difficulty quickly and
efficiently with full accuracy
(Tangkudung, 2012). Eye-hand-eye-foot
coordination itself is a skill of the leg
muscles to display the harmony of every
foot and eye movement properly and
correctly so that they display good
movements (Sakti, 2017).
Coordination is the ability to
overcome the harmony of motion of
body parts, the ability to develop with
body control (Mappaompo &
Silatulrahmi, 2015). Coordination is the
execution ability to integrate types of
movements into more specific forms
(Decaprio, 2013).
Players must possess the
necessary skills (hitting the ball, control
and coordination) to carry out a pattern
of activities that will produce the desired
consequences. This statement is
reinforced by (Nurhidayah & Sukoco,
2015) coordination indicates the player's
ability to control and move all parts of
the body correctly when performing
movement tasks.
METHOD
The purpose of this study is to
determine whether or not there is a direct
influence between balance (X₁), arm
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
muscle strength (X₂), coordination (X₃)
to batting skills (Y). The method used in
this study is an associative quantitative
approach, with test and measurement
techniques, while the survey method
uses path analysis techniques.
In this study, the population is all
athletes from the regional government
who still joined the cricket team of DKI
Jakarta and Central Java with a total of
60 athletes. The sampling technique
used is total sampling. The total number
of samples was 60, consisting of 2
women's teams with 30 athletes, and 2
men's teams with 30 athletes. In
accordance with the types of variables in
this study, to obtain data, the instruments
used are 1) The batting skill instrument
where the researcher prepares and makes
tests based on the results of the
participants' success, 2) Balance
instrument (X1), Arm muscle strength
instrument (X2), Coordination
instrument (X3). To answer the
formulation of the problem raised in this
study, the path analysis method is used.
The data analysis technique was carried
out through two stages of analysis,
namely descriptive and inferential data
analysis. Descriptive data analysis, this
is done to analyze the data that has been
collected in order to obtain descriptive
analysis, Data Normality Test,
Homogeneity Test, Linearity Test, and
Path Analysis Hypothesis Testing.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results
Data Description
1. Balance
Statistical results for the balance
variable obtained the lowest balance
value of 10, the highest balance value of
25, the average value of the balance of
16.6, and the standard deviation of the
balance of 4.7. The following is an
interval table from the results of the
balance of cricket athletes.
Table 1.
Balance Frequency Distribution
Category Interval class Fr %
Excellent >25 5 8%
Good 20-24 18 30%
Enough 15-19 25 42%
Less 11--14 0 0%
Very
Less <10 12 20%
Sum 60 100%
2. Arm Muscle Strength
The statistical results for the
balance variable obtained the lowest
value of arm muscle strength of 32, the
highest value of arm muscle strength of
68, the average value of arm muscle
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
strength of 43.2, and the standard
deviation of arm muscle strength of 9.
The following is an interval table of the
results of muscle strength cricket athlete
arm.
Table 2.
Arm Muscle Strength Frequency
Distribution
Category
Interval
class
Fr %
Excellent >58 7 12%
Good 49-57 10 17%
Enough 40-48 21 35%
Less 31-39 25 42%
Very Less <30 0 0%
Sum
6
0 100%
3. Coordination
Statistical results for the
coordination variable obtained the
lowest value of coordination is 22, the
highest value of coordination is 37, the
average value of coordination is 28.6,
and the standard deviation of
coordination is 3.6. The following is an
interval table from the results of cricket
athlete coordination.
Table 3.
Coordination Frequency Distribution
Category
Interval
class
Fr %
Excellent >35 3 5%
Good 31-34 15 25%
Enough 28-30 18 30%
Less 24-27 20 33%
Very Less <23 4 7%
Sum 60 100%
4. Batting Skills
The statistical results for the
batting skill variable obtained the lowest
score for batting skills of 11, the highest
value of batting skills of 24, the average
value of batting skills of 17.2, and the
standard deviation of batting skills of
3.4. The following is an interval table of
the results of the batting skills of cricket
athletes.
Table 4.
Batting Skills Frequency Distribution
Kategori
Kelas
Interval
Fr %
Sangat Baik >23 6 10%
Baik 20-22 8 13%
Cukup 17-19 19 32%
Kurang 14--16 19 32%
Sangat Kurang <13 8 13%
Jumlah 60 100%
Normality Data
1. Normality Test of Estimated
Error X3-X1
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
The data were obtained using the
normality test with Kolmogrov-Smirnov
with SPSS 26. The statistical test results
obtained were 0.078 and the Asymp line.
Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.200 or can be written
as a probability value (p-value) = 0.200
> 0.05 or Ho is accepted. Thus, it can be
concluded that the coordination data on
the balance is normally distributed.
2. Normality Test of Estimated
Error X3-X2
The data were obtained using the
normality test with Kolmogrov-Smirnov
with SPSS 26. The statistical test results
obtained were 0.072 and the Asymp line.
Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.200 or can be written
as a probability value (p-value) = 0.200
> 0.05 or Ho is accepted. Thus, it can be
concluded that the data on the
coordination of arm muscle strength is
normally distributed.
3. Normality Test of Estimated
Error X2-X1
The data were obtained using the
normality test with Kolmogrov-Smirnov
with SPSS 26. The statistical test results
obtained were 0.072 and the Asymp line.
Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.200 or can be written
as a probability value (p-value) = 0.200
> 0.05 or Ho is accepted. Thus, it can be
concluded that the balance upper arm
muscle strength data is normally
distributed.
4. Normality Test of Estimated
Error Y-X1
The data were obtained using the
normality test with Kolmogrov-Smirnov
with SPSS 26. The statistical test results
obtained were 0.094 and the Asymp line.
Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.200 or can be written
as a probability value (p-value) = 0.200
> 0.05 or Ho is accepted. Thus, it can be
concluded that the batting skill data on
balance is normally distributed.
5. Normality Test of Estimated
Error Y-X2
The data were obtained using the
normality test with Kolmogrov-Smirnov
with SPSS 26. The statistical test results
obtained were 0.088 and the Asymp line.
Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.200 or can be written
as a probability value (p-value) = 0.200
> 0.05 or Ho is accepted. Thus, it can be
concluded that the batting skill data on
arm muscle strength is normally
distributed.
6. Normality Test of Estimated
Error Y-X3
The data was obtained using the
normality test with Kolmogrov-Smirnov
with SPSS 26. The statistical test results
obtained were 0.059 and the Asymp line.
Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.200 or can be written
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
as a probability value (p-value) = 0.200
> 0.05 or Ho is accepted. Thus, it can be
concluded that the data on batting skills
on coordination are normally distributed.
Homogeneity Test
Table 5.
Homogeneity Test Results
Homogeneity test Sig.
Table
Norms (α)
X3 atas X1 0,158
0,05
X3 atas X 2 0,155
X2 atas X1 0,160
Y atas X1 0,058
Y atas X2 0,188
Y atas X3 0,528
Based on the results of the
analysis in table 5. the results of the
homogeneity test of X3 over X1 obtained
p-value = 0.158> 0.05, Ho is accepted.
Thus, it can be concluded that the
coordination of X3 over the balance of X1
comes from a homogeneous variance.
The results of the homogeneity
test of X3 over X2 obtained p-value =
0.155 > 0.05, Ho is accepted. Thus, it can
be concluded that the X3 coordination of
X2 arm muscle strength comes from a
homogeneous variance.
The results of the homogeneity
test of X2 over X1 obtained p-value =
0.160 > 0.05, Ho is accepted. Thus, it can
be concluded that the X3 coordination of
X2 arm muscle strength comes from a
homogeneous variance.
The results of the homogeneity
test of Y over X1 obtained p-value =
0.058 > 0.05, Ho is accepted. Thus, it can
be concluded that the batting skill Y on
balance X1 comes from a homogeneous
variance.
The results of the homogeneity
test of Y over X2 obtained p-value =
0.188 > 0.05, Ho is accepted. Thus, it can
be concluded that Y batting skill on X2
arm muscle strength comes from
homogeneous variance.
The results of the homogeneity
test of Y over X3 obtained p-value =
0.528 > 0.05, Ho is accepted. Thus, it can
be concluded that Y batting skill on X3
coordination comes from homogeneous
variance.
Hypothesis test
Substructural Testing 1
From the results of substructural
test 1 using SPSS 26, the coefficient of
determination (R2) of 0.551 means that
55.1 % of the variability of X2 variable
can be explained by X1. So the error
(ε_1) = 1- R2 = 1- 0.551 = 0.449. The
path coefficient in the beta column
(standardized coeficiens), namely the
path coefficient X1 to X2 (p21) = 0.742.
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
obtained the value of t0 = 8.438 and p-
value = 0.000/2 = 0.000 <0.05 or Ho is
rejected. Thus the balance variable (X1)
has a direct positive effect on arm muscle
strength (X2).
Substructural Testing 2
From the results of substructural
test 2 using SPSS 26, it is obtained that
the number of R square (R2) for model 1
is 0.576 and for model 2 (R2) is 0.569.
This figure shows the effect of balance
and arm muscle strength on coordination
by 56.9% then the rest (43.1%) is
influenced by other factors. Sehingga
error model 2, = 1 – R2 = 1 – 0,569. So
the error model 2, = 1 – R2 = 1 – 0,569.
Path coefficient (X1) against (X3) or
(p31) = 0.121; t0 = 1.939, p-value =
0.051/2 = 0.0255 < 0.005, or Ho is
rejected, which means that there is an
effect of balance (X1) on coordination
(X3). The next test, (X2) against (X3) or
(p32) = 0.665; t0 = 5,160; p-value =
0.000//2 = 0.000, or H0 is rejected, thus,
arm muscle strength (X2) has a positive
direct effect on coordination (X3). From
the results of testing the structural model
2 is significant.
Substructural Testing 3
From the results of substructural
test 2 using SPSS 26, it is obtained that
the number of R square (R2) is 0.768.
Means that 76.8% of the variability of
the Y variable can be explained by the
variables X1, X2, X3. So the error (Ɛ2) =
1-R2 = 1 – 0.768 = 0.232. Based on the
ANOVA table data, the Fo value is
61,873; db1 = 3; db2 = 56, p-value 0.000
< 0.005, Ho is rejected. Thus the balance
variable (X1), arm muscle strength (X2),
coordination variable (X3)
simultaneously affect batting skills.Data
coefficients secara berturut-turut:
1) Py1 = 0.271; to = 2.799, p-
value = 0.007/2 = 0.004 <0.05, Ho is
rejected, which means that balance has a
positive direct effect on batting skills.
2) Py2 = 0.478; to = 4.110, p-
value = 0.000/2 = 0.000 <0.05, Ho is
rejected, then arm muscle strength has a
direct positive effect on batting skills.
3) Py3 = 0, 216; to = 2.187, p-
value = 0.033/2 = 0.017 <0.05, Ho is
rejected, then coordination has a direct
positive effect on batting skills.
Hypothesis Summary
Direct Effect Hypothesis
Tabel 6.
Pengaruh Langsung antar Variabel
(Indonesian)
Direct
effect
between
variables
Path
coefficie
nt
(p)
P-
value
Conclusion
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Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
X1 - Y (Py1) 0,271 0,004 Sig.
X2 - Y (Py2) 0,216 0,000 Sig.
X3 - Y (Py3) 0,478 0,017 Sig.
X1 - X3
(P31)
0,121 0,000 Sig.
X2 - X3
(P32)
0,665 0,000 Sig.
X1 - X2
(P21)
0,742 0,000 Sig.
Indirect Effect Hypothesis
Based on the research path
diagram on the effect of balance, arm
muscle strength, and coordination on
batting skills, it is also obtained a value
to see the indirect effect of research,
namely the effect of balance and arm
muscle strength through coordination on
batting skills..
Effect of Balance through
Coordination on Batting Skills
Based on the results of the path
analysis, for the first indirect effect,
challenge the influence of balance (X1)
through coordination (X3) on batting
skills (Y). It can be calculated using the
formula X1 to Y through X3 =
IE1+ρYx1 so that based on the results of
the calculation data path analysis,
substructural test 2 and substructural test
3. IE1= (ρx3x1) X (ρYX3) = (0,121) X
(0,216) = 0,026. Then, the first indirect
effect is obtained from 0.026 + 0.271 =
0.297. Therefore 0.297 > 0 then there is
an indirect effect of balance through
coordination on batting skills.
The Effect of Arm Muscle Strength
through Coordination on Batting
Skills
Based on the results of the path
analysis, the second indirect effect is on
the effect of arm muscle strength (X2)
through coordination (X3) on batting
skills (Y). It can be calculated using the
formula X2 to Y through X3 =
IE1+ρYx2 so that based on the results of
the path analysis data, substructural test
2 and substructural test 3. IE2 = (ρx3x2)
X (ρYX3) = (0,665) X (0,216) = 0,143.
Then the first indirect effect is obtained
from 0.413 + 0.478 = 0.621. Therefore
0.621 > 0 then there is an indirect effect
of arm muscle strength through
coordination on batting skills.
Discussion
In the discussion of the results
will be presented regarding the results of
research that has been carried out related
to each variable as well as support from
several theories and previous research.
Based on the test results of all
hypotheses that have been carried out in
the hypothesis testing section, it can be
stated that:
Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (01), March- 34
Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
1. There is a direct effect of
balance on coordination.
Coordination requires good
balance to produce batting skills. From
the results of research data analysis, it
was found that the significance value of
balance on coordination was 0.004 <
0.05, so balance had a significant direct
effect on coordination with a direct effect
of 0.121 or 12.1% and 87.9% of other
variables.
Balance relates to coordination in
several skills. Thus, to maintain balance
in carrying out physical activities, the
movements performed need to be well
coordinated in an effort to control all
movements (Mappaompo &
Silatulrahmi, 2015).
2. There is a direct influence of
arm muscle strength on
coordination.
Moving the arm muscles
optimally and coordinating to produce
the right batting movement is an
absolute unity for a batsman in the
game of cricket, but no athlete can do it
all without training. From the results of
research data analysis, it was found that
the significance value of arm muscle
strength on coordination was 0.000
<0.05, so balance had a significant
direct effect on coordination with a
direct effect of 0.665 or 66.5% and
33.5% of other variables.
It takes a strong-arm muscle
strength when doing the movement, so
that the arm muscle strength can
contract with coordination
simultaneously to get the right results
(Agustini et al., 2018).
3. There is a direct effect of
balance on batting skills.
The ability of a batsman to
obtain maximum batting cannot be
separated from the player's biomotor in
making movements that are in
accordance with the desired goals such
as the balance needed for batting
prefixes so as to produce maximum
movements. From the results of research
data analysis, it was found that the
significance value of arm muscle
strength on coordination was 0.004 <
0.05, so balance had a significant direct
effect on coordination with a direct
effect of 0.271 or 27.1% and 72.9% of
other variables.
Balance is a unity of
coordination when going to do batting
movements (hitting) the ball. Balance in
hitting is the most important thing where
(Jolimont and Victoria, 2005) the hitter
is in a position to quickly move both
forward and backward according to the
Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (01), March- 35
Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
direction of the ball and allow it to be in
a stable position.
4. There is a direct influence of
arm muscle strength on batting
skills.
From the results of the analysis
of research data, it was found that the
significance value of arm muscle
strength on coordination was 0.000
<0.05, so balance had a significant direct
effect on coordination with a direct
effect of 0.478 or 47.8% and 52.2% of
other variables.
To perform the batting
technique, the cricket athlete must use
the arm muscles to be able to swing and
lift the stick in the batting technique, and
must also use strength to swing the stick
well. As stated (Yusuf, 2015) Arm
muscle strength is needed as a driving
force when hitting. The greater the
strength of the arm muscles produced,
the harder the blows produced.
5. There is a direct effect of
coordination on batting skills.
To perform batting skill
movements, cricket athletes must have
good coordination. At the time of batting
coordination is needed to achieve
success until it reaches the batting skill.
From the results of the analysis of
research data, it was found that the
significance value of arm muscle
strength on coordination was 0.017
<0.05, so balance had a significant direct
effect on coordination with a direct effect
of 0.216 or 21.6% and 78.4% of other
variables.
“Coordination also plays a role in
cricket technical skills, coordination is
the result of combining reaction from eye
speed and continued by precise and
strong hand stroke so that the ball thrown
tightly can be hit properly and strongly”
(Wolter et al., 2020).
6. There is an indirect effect of
balance through coordination
on batting skills.
Physical factors are very
decisive in a sport, because this factor is
a factor that plays an important role to
support other factors. Balance when
batting is important in determining the
initial position of batting. Batting skills
must also have good coordination so as
to make good movements. From the
results of the research data analysis, it
was found that the significance value of
the indirect influence of balance through
coordination on batting skills was 0.297
or 29.7% and 70.3% of other variables.
To do a quick arm stroke by
stepping, it will trigger the leg
movement first to maintain balance and
Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (01), March- 36
Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
stabilize the body position before
starting the arm movement to hit.
Furthermore, two important things are
coordination and increased perception of
the temporal to observe the direction of
the ball to be hit.
“The simultaneous initiation of
foot and knee for the three great height
could be explain by the fact that, when
subjects execute rapid arm movements
with stepping, they trigger in first the
lower limb in order to maintain
balance and stabilize posture before
initiating arm movements. Furthermore,
the two patterns of coordination and
ascending temporal organization were
observed whether the ball was hit from
above or below” (Rosey et al., 2007).
7. There is an indirect effect of
arm muscle strength through
coordination on batting skills.
The strength of the arm muscles
in cricket is one of the factors that is very
much needed and even determines the
victory in the match. Besides that, it is
supported by mastery skills of basic
techniques such as doing batting skills
and requires good coordination. From
the results of the analysis of research
data, it was found that the significance
value of the direct influence of arm
muscle strength through coordination on
batting skills was 0.621 or 62.1% and
37.9% of other variables.
Athletes who have good
coordination will be able to control
movement, harmonious coordination is
influenced between muscle groups
during work. This coordination is needed
in an effort to hit, because at the time of
batting where players are required to
move forward or backward quickly
depending on the falling ball that is
thrown.
“movements do batting or
hitting the ball as far as possible and ran
toward milestones back to the base to
create a point. Strength of arm muscle is
the ability bio motoric which is one
aspect of capability that is. coordination
also plays a role in cricket technical
skills, coordination is the result of
combining reaction from eye speed and
continued by precise and strong hand
stroke so that the ball thrown tightly can
be hit properly and strongly (Wolter et
al., 2020).
CONCLUSION
Conclusions were drawn based
on research findings with exogenous
variables consisting of balance (X1) and
arm muscle strength (X2) as well as
intermediate variables, namely
coordination (X3), and the endogenous
Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (01), March- 37
Yulia Anggraeni, Ramdan Pelana, Hernawan
variable was batting skills (Y) as
follows:
1. There is an effect of balance (X1) on
coordination (X3).
2. There is an influence of arm muscle
strength (X2) on coordination (X3).
3. There is a balance effect (X1) on
cricket batting skills (Y).
4. There is an influence of arm muscle
strength (X2) on cricket batting
skills (Y).
5. There is an effect of balance (X1) on
arm muscle strength (X2).
6. There is an indirect effect of balance
(X1) through coordination (X3) on
cricket batting skills (Y).
7. There is an indirect effect of arm
muscle strength (X2) through
coordination (X3) on cricket batting
skills (Y).
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