Available online at : http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/gjik Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 13 (02) 2022, 119-131 Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.125.01 The Effect Of Quality Of Implementation Of PJJ PJOK, Social Economic Conditions, And Achievement Motivation On The Students' Learning Outcomes Of Sma Negeri 25 Jakarta (During the Covid-19 Pandemic) Daud Benny Simamora1, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya2 1Sport Education, State University, Medan 2Sport Education, Postgraduate Jakarta State University, Jakarta State University Complex Building M. Hatta Jl. Rawamangun Muka, East Jakarta Indonesia, 13220 Correspondiing author. Email : daudbennymamora@gmail.com Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Judging from the title of the thesis, there are three independent variables, namely the quality of PJJ PJOK, socio-economic conditions, achievement motivation. As the dependent variable is the learning outcomes of Physical Education students at SMA Negeri 25 JAKARTA. To determine the extent of the influence of the quality of PJJ PJOK, socio-economic conditions, achievement motivation on learning outcomes of PJOK students of SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta, Central Jakarta. The research was conducted using descriptive research methods with a quantitative approach. Descriptive research method is a method used to solve problems that exist in the present. Investigations in this method using interview techniques, questionnaires, observation. It can also use test techniques, case studies, cooperative or operational studies. Descriptive method is designed to gather information about real conditions now (while taking place). The main objective in using this method is to create descriptive, systematic, factual and accurate description of the facts, properties and relationships of the phenomena being investigated. Samples were taken as many as 85 people, namely students of SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta. The sampling technique used was the Slovin technique and the data collection method used a questionnaire. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results of this study indicate that; (1) There is no direct influence between the quality of PJJ PJOK on Achievement Motivation for students of SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta, this is evidenced by a significance value of more than 0.05 (0.873> 0.05); (2) There is a direct influence between the Socio-Economic Conditions on Achievement Motivation in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta, this is evidenced by a significance value less than 0.05 (0.047 <0.05); (3) There is a direct influence between the quality of PJJ PJOK on learning outcomes for students at SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta, this is evidenced by a significance value less than 0.05 (0.004 <0.05); (4) There is no direct influence between socio-economic conditions on learning outcomes for students of SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta, this is evidenced by the significance value obtained greater than 0.05 (0.564> 0.05); (5) There is no direct influence between Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta, this is evidenced by the significance value obtained greater than 0.05, greater than 0.05 (0.393> 0.05); (6) There is no indirect effect of the Quality of PJJ PJOK through Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta, this is evidenced by the beta coefficient value which is smaller than the beta coefficient which directly affects the quality of PJJ PJOK on learning outcomes of dribbling by 0.310 ( -0.02 <0.310); (7) There is no indirect effect between Socioeconomic Conditions through Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta, this is evidenced by the beta coefficient value which is smaller than the beta coefficient value, the direct effect of Socioeconomic Conditions on Learning Outcomes of 0.062 (0.020 <0.062). Keywords: quality of PJJ PJOK, socio-economic conditions, achievement motivation, learning outcomes mailto:daudbennymamora@gmail.com Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 217 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 INTRODUCTION Education is the right of all nations that is obtained through the process of learning knowledge, skills, understanding, up to habituation obtained from a source that can provide teaching, training, research that is guided directly by others or studied by self- taught. According to Law no. 20 of 2003: "Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self- control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills needed by themselves, society, nation and state. ” Education contributes greatly to the progress of a nation, of course, with a good education a nation can avoid ignorance which can result in oppression by a nation that has a better education. A good education is certainly obtained from a variety of careful preparations that are systematically arranged and have a weight that is adjusted to the object of the education target and not to forget also the goals that will lead to the expected achievements of the education held. As we all know, there are many ways that educational institutions, both public and private, in offering educational products that can be accessed by the public based on the background of the community itself. This is done so that the community as the target of the educational product can comfortably and safely obtain it according to their respective ways of learning. Today education in general can be delivered in 2 ways, namely online and offline. Online means that the educational process itself is carried out on the internet network, where all teaching and learning processes are carried out without having to physically meet between teachers and students. Offline means that the educational process is carried out conventionally or the teaching and learning process involves teachers and students who have to meet physically in a room or place, but currently offline learning also requires an internet network as a medium to make the teaching and learning process more effective. Some time ago, at the end of 2019 in December, the world was shocked by the discovery of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 121 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or better known as the Corona Virus. The disease caused by this virus is known as Covid-19. Covid-19 is a disease caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory system. "When attacking humans, Coronavirus usually causes respiratory tract infections, such as flu, MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), and SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) (Setiawan, 2020)". The spread of this virus is very fast, even in a matter of seconds this virus can move from one person to another through small droplets that come out of the nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing. Droplets that come out fall into surrounding objects then the object is accidentally held by another person, then the other person accidentally touches the mouth, nose, eyes, thus it is very likely that the person can be infected with Covid 19. Then it can also occurs as a result of someone accidentally inhaling droplets from a person who is coughing or sneezing nearby so it is necessary to anticipate by maintaining a safe distance. February was the beginning of the discovery of a Covid-19 case in Indonesia which infected a 31-year-old patient who works as a dance teacher who turned out to have previously met a Japanese foreigner friend who was finally found to be positive for Covid-19, with this news further confirming that Covid -19 has arrived in Indonesia. This news immediately spread and became viral in Indonesia, even though the public's responses varied from those who acted normal to those who were worried. However, the Indonesian government must take quick action on this issue to reduce the level of the spread of Covid-19 in the community. The movement of diligently washing hands with soap, mandatory wearing of masks, good sneezing etiquette, not touching the area (eyes, nose and mouth), to the protocol for entering the house and the protocol when going to public facilities are also socialized by the government so that every individual can be a protector for themselves. themselves and others. Not only individual prevention carried out by the government, the closure of public facilities such as tourist attractions, night entertainment venues, places of worship, schools, and even public transportation has also become a place for temporary restrictions and Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 122 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 closures. Although eventually some places were finally reopened by making strict protocols for their users to minimize the spread of Covid-19. Schools are one of the public facilities that must be closed during the Covid-19 pandemic, in DKI Jakarta especially school closures have started from 16/03/2020 until the next 2 weeks until there is an indication of a decrease in the number of people exposed. The closing of schools during the pandemic certainly has a big influence on the teaching and learning process in schools where this can be seen from the way educators convey learning to students. PJJ (Distance Learning) is the only solution that can be done so that the teaching and learning process can be carried out in the midst of a pandemic. Online applications such as whatsapp, googleclassroom, googlemeet, zoom, etc. become a list of applications that are popularly used to deliver learning materials in addition to other online applications. The condition for these applications to be used is of course an internet quota that must always be sufficient in order to access these applications. However, the various socio- economic conditions of parents are challenges that arise as a result of this policy. Parents must always prepare additional funds to buy children's quota, on the other hand there are parents who have lost their livelihood due to layoffs or temporary closure of their place of work, this of course affects the continuity of children to take part in PJJ during the pandemic, including in this case learning outcomes, especially in PJOK subjects. In addition, children's motivation to continue to pursue achievements is one of the things that also arise related to learning problems in the midst of a pandemic. When the PJJ conveyed seems monotonous and sometimes difficult to practice, coupled with the disturbed socio-economic conditions of parents due to the pandemic, of course it will interfere with student achievement motivation and this can have an impact on student learning outcomes at school. Based on this, the authors are interested in conducting research for the preparation of a thesis with the title, "The Influence of the Quality of PJJ PJOK Implementation, Socio-Economic Conditions, and Achievement Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 123 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 Motivation on Student Learning Outcomes of SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta (in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic)". Based on the description of the background of the problem above, the problems that arise and can be identified are as follows: 1. PJOK learning which was previously carried out face-to-face in the field must be carried out remotely where students access it via online media and in practice many obstacles are found, such as networks, unsupported device conditions, quotas and so on. 2. Online PJOK learning certainly requires an internet quota where parents from different socioeconomic backgrounds have to spend more funds to buy quotas, at the same time many parents have lost their income and even jobs due to the Covid-19 pandemic. 3. The number of obstacles that arise starting from learning that must use the PJJ system and the various socioeconomic conditions of parents can disrupt children's motivation to excel and improve their learning outcomes. 4. Less than optimal online PJOK learning due to internet quota constraints and equipment facilities can affect PJOK learning outcomes. Researchers limit the problems to be studied by selecting several problems identified from the background above. The limitations of the research problem are the influence of the independent variable method, (1) the quality of the implementation of PJJ PJOK, (2) socio- economic conditions, (3) achievement motivation, (4) learning outcomes as the dependent variable. Based on the background of the problem identification problem and problem limitation above, the problem can be formulated as follows: 1. Is there a direct influence on the quality of the implementation of PJJ PJOK on student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta? 2. Is there a direct influence of socio- economic conditions on student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta? 3. Is there a direct influence of achievement motivation on student learning outcomes at SMA Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 124 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 Negeri 25 Jakarta? 4. Is there a direct influence on the quality of the implementation of PJJ PJOK on student achievement motivation at SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta? 5. Is there a direct influence of socioeconomic conditions on student achievement motivation at SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta? METHOD The research method is a scientific way to obtain data with a specific purpose and use. Based on this, there are four keys that need to be considered, namely, scientific method data, purpose, and usability. The scientific method means that research activities are based on scientific characteristics, namely rational, empirical and systematic. Rational means that research activities are carried out in ways that make sense, so that they are affordable by human reasoning. Empirical means that the methods used can be observed by the human senses, so that other people can observe and know the methods used (Sugiyono, 2015: 3). Winarno Surachmad (2004: 131) "classifies research methods into three types, namely: 1. Historical research methods 2. Descriptive research method 3. Experimental research methods Of the three types of research, the authors use descriptive research methods. Descriptive research method is a method used to solve problems that exist in the present. The investigation in this method uses interview, questionnaire, and observation techniques. It can also use test techniques, case studies, cooperative or operational studies. Descriptive method is designed to collect information about current real situations (while ongoing). The main purpose of using this method is to make a descriptive, systematic, factual and accurate description of the facts, characteristics and relationships of the phenomena being investigated. In addition, the research conducted not only collects data, but also provides an interpretation of the data obtained. There are certain characteristics in general that are contained in the descriptive method so that they are seen as characteristics. Winarno Surachmad (2004: 140) suggests these characteristics include: Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 125 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 a. Focus on solving problems that exist in the present in the actual period. b. The data collected is first compiled, explained and then analyzed (hence often also called analytical methods). In addition, in this study a quantitative approach was used. According to Sugiyono (2015:11) the notion of quantitative methods is, "research methods based on the philosophy of positivism, used to examine certain populations or samples, data collection using research instruments, data analysis is quantitative/statistical, with the aim of testing hypotheses that have been established. set". The population in this study were students of SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta. The population has a large number, so the researchers used a sample from that population. The sample was carried out because of the limitations of researchers in conducting research both in terms of funds, time, energy, and a very large population. Therefore, the sample taken must be representative of the population, and the number of samples must be representative. The appropriate sample members used according to (Sugiyoo: 2013,116) in the study depend on the desired level of error. The larger the number of samples from the population studied, the smaller the chance of error, and vice versa. In this study, the researcher narrowed the population by calculating the sample size using the Slovin technique. The sampling steps in this study are as follows: a. Researchers took samples based on majors randomly without looking at the list of students' names first. So in this sampling is objective, because each sample is considered the same. b. Researchers took samples on all students using the Slovin formula. The details of the sampling of this research are: Information: n = Sample size/number of respondents N = Population size e = Percentage of allowance for accuracy of sampling error that can still be tolerated; e = 0.1 The number of population to be studied has been determined with a total of 560 respondents. So from the data Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 126 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 obtained the sample size using the Slovin formula as follows: So, it can be concluded that the sample in this study used 85 respondents with an error rate of 10%. The data collection stage carried out by researchers in this study was by distributing questionnaires to research respondents. Researchers do not need to give direct instructions to research respondents, because the questionnaire has included an explanation of how to fill out the questionnaire, so it is assumed that research respondents can understand how to fill out the correct questionnaire. In addition, to obtain the data needed to support research, several data collection techniques are needed. In this research, the following techniques can be collected: Field Research Collecting data by conducting field surveys that have to do with the problem under study. This type of research was conducted to obtain primary data, consisting of: a. Documentation method How to collect data by studying and recording the parts that are considered important. According to Arikunto (2006:158) "The method of documentation comes from the word document, which means written goods". In this study, the documentation data that the authors collect is to obtain data on learning outcomes by using data taken from the mid-semester report cards of semester 1 students at SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta. b. Questionnaire or questionnaire method This questionnaire was used to obtain data from three exogenous variables, namely the quality of the implementation of PJJ, socio-economic conditions and achievement motivation. The questionnaire used is a closed questionnaire, which answers have been provided so that the respondents just have to choose. The questionnaire shown by the students as the research sample used a Likert scale. This research uses the path paradigm. It is called the path paradigm, according to Sugiyono "because there are variables that function as intermediate paths (X3). With this intermediate variable, it can be used to Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 127 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 determine whether to achieve the final target, one must pass the intermediate variable or can go directly to the final target (2009: 46). The structure path diagram I in this study can be described as follows: The structure path diagram II is used to determine the effect between X1 and X2 on X3. in this study can be described as follows: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on hypothesis testing using path analysis, are as follows: The first hypothesis is that there is a significant direct effect of PJJ PJOK quality on achievement motivation. From the results of hypothesis testing that the significant value obtained is 0.873. Because the significant value is greater than 0.05 (0.873 > 0.05), the hypothesis is not accepted. So it can be concluded that the quality of PJJ PJOK has no direct effect on achievement motivation. The second hypothesis is that there is a significant direct effect of Socio- Economic Conditions on Achievement Motivation. Based on the results of the hypothesis testing conducted that the significance value obtained is 0.047. Because the significance value is less than 0.05 (0.047 < 0.05), the proposed hypothesis is accepted. It can be concluded that Socio- Economic Conditions have a direct effect on Achievement Motivation. In other words, the Socio- Economic Condition of parents in this pandemic era has an effect on the high and low achievement motivation of students at SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta. The third hypothesis is that there is a significant direct effect on the quality of PJJ PJOK on learning outcomes. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, the significance value obtained is 0.004. The significant value is less than 0.05 (0.004 < 0.05), then the proposed hypothesis is accepted. In other words, the quality of PJJ PJOK has a direct Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 128 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 effect on learning outcomes. This contributes to individuals that the quality of the PJJ PJOK which is adapted to the situation and conditions of the covid-19 pandemic can have a direct effect on the learning outcomes of SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta students. The fourth hypothesis is that there is a significant effect of Socio-Economic Conditions on Learning Outcomes. Based on the test results, the significance value obtained is 0.564. Because the significance value is greater than 0.05 (0.564 > 0.05), the proposed hypothesis is not accepted. In other words, Socio-Economic Conditions have no direct effect on Learning Outcomes. The fifth hypothesis is that there is no significant direct effect of Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, the significant value obtained is 0.393, because the significant value is greater than 0.05 (0.393 > 0.05), the proposed hypothesis is not accepted. In other words, Achievement Motivation has no direct effect on Learning Outcomes. The sixth hypothesis is that there is an indirect effect on the quality of PJJ PJOK through Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes. based on the results of hypothesis testing, the beta coefficient value obtained is -0.02. Because the beta coefficient obtained is smaller than the beta coefficient, the direct effect of PJJ PJOK quality on learning outcomes is 0.310 (- 0.02 < 0.310), then the proposed hypothesis is not accepted. This means that there is no indirect effect between the Quality of PJJ PJOK through Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes. When connected based on the third hypothesis where there is a direct influence on the quality of PJJ PJOK on learning outcomes, there is a significant change. If it is also influenced by Achievement Motivation, then there is no significant indirect effect. This means that although the Quality of PJJ PJOK has a lot of influence on Learning Outcomes, if Achievement Motivation has an effect, then there is no indirect influence between PJJ PJOK Quality through Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes. Good learning outcomes are the desire of every student and teacher, especially during a pandemic like this, of course so that students get good learning outcomes the teacher must provide quality PJOK learning and pay attention to the Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 129 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 student's condition so that it is always safe to apply it. So that distance learning is not a significant barrier for students to get good learning outcomes. The seventh hypothesis is that there is an indirect effect between Socio- Economic Conditions through Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes. From the results hypothesis testing, the beta coefficient value obtained is 0.020. Because the value of the beta coefficient obtained is smaller than the beta coefficient of the direct influence of Socio-Economic Conditions on Learning Outcomes, namely 0.062 (0.020 < 0.062) then the proposed hypothesis is not accepted. This means that there is no indirect influence between Socio-Economic through Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes. If it is connected with the second hypothesis where there is a significant influence between Socio- Economic Conditions on Achievement Motivation, it turns out that it does not have an indirect effect on learning outcomes if it is through Achievement Motivation. CONCLUSION Based on data analysis with statistical calculations and the results of hypothesis testing as well as from the results of the discussion, the results of this study can be concluded as follows: 1. There is no direct influence between PJJ PJOK Quality on Achievement Motivation in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta students. 2. There is a direct influence between Socio-Economic Conditions on Achievement Motivation in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta students. 3. There is a direct influence between the quality of PJJ PJOK on learning outcomes in students of SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta. 4. There is no direct influence between Socio-Economic Conditions on Learning Outcomes in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta students. 5. There is no direct influence between Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta students. 6. There is no indirect effect of PJJ PJOK Quality through Achievement Motivation on Learning Outcomes in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta students. 7. There is no indirect effect between Socio- Economic Conditions through Achievement Motivation on Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 130 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 Learning Outcomes in SMA Negeri 25 Jakarta students. Based on the results of the research and the conclusions that have been described, the authors put forward the following suggestions: 1. It is hoped that PJOK teachers will provide meaningful and quality learning without ignoring the health protocols set by the government. Thus, children can get good facilities and services that can have a good effect if in the right way. Considering the erratic Socio-Economic Condition of parents, on the one hand, it also affects students' achievement motivation, but quality learning can certainly have a positive effect on students during the PJJ. 2. As input so that teachers and students continue to be enthusiastic about undergoing PJJ with all their limitations. 3. For the field of sports science, it is used as a source of thought as an addition to the horizon, especially sports science so that it is wider in its development. As additional material for knowledge of Physical Education students, society and readers. Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 131 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 REFERENCES Abdulsyani. 2002. Sosiologi: Skematika. Teori, dan Terapan. Cetakan Kedua. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Achmad Sugandi, d. (2000). Belajar dan Pembelajaran. Semarang: IKIP PRESS. Adit, A. (2020, 07 16). Kompas.com. Diambil kembali dari 4 Strategi Memperlancar Pembelajaran PJOK saat Pandemi: https://edukasi.kompas.com/read/20 20/07/16/073327471/4-strategi- memperlancar-pembelajaran- pjok- saat-pandemi?page=all Ahmadi, Abu.1997.Ilmu Sosial Dasar. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Antonius Aditya Hartanto dan Onno W. Purbo. (2002). E-Learning berbasis PHP dan MySql, Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta Arsyad, Ashar. 2011. Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo B. Uno, Hamzah. 2008. Teori Motivasi dan Pengukurannya, Jakarta : Bumi Aksara. Basrowi dan Juariyah, S. 2010. Analisis Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi dan Tingkat Pendidikan Masyarakat Desa Srigading, Kecamatan Labuhan Maringgai, Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi & Pendidikian, Vol.7 No.1, Hal. 58-81. Belawati, Tian dkk. 1999. Pendidikan Terbuka Dan Jarak Jauh. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. Darin E. Hartley (2001), “Selling e- Learning”, American Society for Training and Development Darsono, Max.2000.Belajar dan Pembelajaran. Semarang:IKIP Semarang Press Dohmen, G, (1967) dalam D. Keegan, (1986), The Foundations of Distance Education. London: Croom Helm Dr.Riduwan. (2014). Metode dan Teknik Menyusun Proposal Penelitian (Untuk Mahasiswa S-1, S-2, dan S- 3). Yogyakarta: Alfabeta. Hamalik, Oemar. (2001). Proses Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta : Bumi Aksara. Harjanto.1997. Perencanaan Pengajaran. Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta Heini, Rita. 1999. Pengaruh Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Orangtua terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas 3 SMU N 1 Pekalongan. Pendidikan Ekonomi UNNES Semarang Ibrahim, R dan Nana Syaodih. 2003. Perencanaan Pengajaran. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Munir. 2009. Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Bandung: Alfabeta Nazir.Mohammad,Ph.D.(2011). Metode Penelitian. Jakarta : Ghalia Indonesia Noor, Juliansyah. 2014. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group Kemp, Jerold E. (1977). Instructional Design. Belmont, California: David S. Lake Publishers. Pipe, R. F. (1992). Analysing Performance Problems (2nd edn). London: Kogan Page. RI, U. (2003). Undang-Undang No.20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Riyanto, Y. (2009). Paradigma Baru Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Kencana. Robert F. Mager and Peter Pipe. (1992). Analysing Performance Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (02), Juni- 132 Daud Benny Simamora, Nofi Marlina Siregar2, Yasep Setiakarnawijaya3 Problems (2nd edn). London: Kogan Page. Rusman, dkk (2011) Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi : Mengembangkan Profesionalisme Guru. Jakarta:Rajawali Pers. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada Setiawan, A. R. ( 2020). Lembar Kegiatan Literasi Saintifik untuk Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Topik Penyakit Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). EDUKATIF: JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN, 28-37. Slameto. (2003). Belajar dan Faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Soekanto, Soerjono.1983. Kamus Sosiologi. Jakarta: CV. Rajawali. Sugiyono (2015). Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mix Methods). Bandung: Alfabeta. Sumardi, Mulyanto. 1982. Kemiskinan Dan Kebutuhan Pokok. Jakarta: Rajawali Tim Penyusun Kamus Perbankan Indonesia, Kamus Perbankan, (Jakarta : Institut Bankir Indonesia, 1980) Warsita, Bambang. 2011. Pendidikan Jarak Jauh. Bandung. PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Uno, Hamzah B. Teori Minat Dan Pengukurannya. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2008. Uno, Hamzah B. Teori Minat Dan Pengukurannya. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2012. Verducci, Frank M. Measurement Concepts In Physical Education. St. Louis Missouri: Mosby Company, 1980. Widiastuti. Tes Dan Pengukuran Olahraga. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Timur Jaya, 2014.