Available online at : http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/gjik

Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan 13 (03) 2022, 316-329

Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.125.07

THE INFLUENCE OF EXERCISE METHODS AND EYE-FOOT

COORDINATION ON THE SMASH ABILITY

OF VOLLEY BALL ATHLETES

Dwi Maya Abdiliah1, Willadi Rasyid1,Syafruddin1, Eri Barlian4

1Sport Science, Padang State University

4Sport Coaching Science, Padang State University

Corresponding Email: dwimayaabdiliah645@gmail.com1

Abstract

This article aims to determine the effect of extensive and intensive interval training methods and

eye-foot coordination on the smash ability of volleyball athletes. This type of research uses a quasi-

experimental method using treatment with a Level 2 x 2 design. Populasi pada penelitian ini berjunlah 28

siswa. The sample in this study was male volleyball athletes from the Riau Province Sports High School,

amounting to 28 people. Ankle coordination test using Soccer Wall Volley test, and smash ability using

smash skill test. The results showed 1) there was a difference in the effect of the extensive interval training

method and the intensive interval training method on smash ability where Fh 47.14 > Ft 3.01. 2) there is an

interaction between the exercise method and ankle coordination seen from Fh 24 > Ft 3.01. 3) In high

category eye-foot coordination, extensive interval training method is better than intensive interval training

method to improve smash ability as seen from Qcount 11.36 > Qtable 3.34. 4) There is no difference in the

effect of low eye-foot coordination between the intensive training method and the extensive interval method

on increasing smash ability, it can be seen from Qcount 2.60 < Qtable 3.34.

Keywords: Smash Ability; Eye-foot Coordination; Training Method

mailto:dwimayaabdiliah645@gmail.com

Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (03), September- 317

Dwi Maya Abdiliah, Willadi Rasyid, Syafruddin, Eri Barlian

INTRODUCTION

Volleyball is a sport that is loved

by all levels of Indonesian society. This

sport can be played from the level of

children to adults, both men and women.

Volleyball was originally a game that

was carried out as a mere "fad". The

possibility of developing into a popular

sport that is popular today (Fitriani et al.,

2021). The volleyball game has basic

techniques that must be mastered, the

following techniques include: top serve,

bottom serve, top passing, bottom

passing, block, and smash. According to

Bachtiar in (Sovensi, 2018) the smash is

the main blow in attacking the

opponent's area. Many points in the

smash results are accurate and sharp, so

the smash technique is often referred to

as a deadly and ultimate attack technique

to get points. For good results in

smashing, high reach and high jumping

ability are required (Oktariana &

Hardiyono, 2020).

The main problem in this

volleyball game includes basic

techniques, one of which is the basic

smash technique. There are several

factors that cause the weakness of the

quality of the technique, namely the

limited ability of the trainer and the

resources used to carry out the training

process so that the trainer as a teacher is

always faced with the problem of the

limited ability of the trainer who is not

adequate so that they are less able to

carry out their profession competently.

The training method carried out

by the coach in the practice of basic

volleyball techniques tends to do just a

movement where players do physical

exercise or practice playing volleyball

based on previously known movements

without clear control in doing so.

Training is an activity to improve the

skills (skills) of exercising by using

various equipments in accordance with

the purpose and needs of sports

(Sukadiyanto in (Agusdi et al., 2021))

Pleasure by the coach in applying in

training the technique of playing

volleyball.

The application of the right

training method in the process of

practicing volleyball skills will also

provide opportunities for coaches to

make maximum use of the available

facilities so that there is no excuse for

volleyball coaches because of the delay

in the volleyball player's training process

and the inadequate factor of volleyball

facilities at the school.

The selection and application of

methods in volleyball playing skills

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Dwi Maya Abdiliah, Willadi Rasyid, Syafruddin, Eri Barlian

training, especially the smash technique

given to athletes so as to improve smash

skills in playing volleyball, in this study

will try two kinds of methods that will be

applied in the volleyball training process,

namely the extensive interval method

and the interval method that are carried

out using equipment and without tools.

Harsono in (Zakky Mubarok,

2020) suggests the notion of interval

training is an exercise system that is

punctuated by intervals in the form of

periods of rest. According to (Suharjan,

2013) interval training also uses the

principle of increasing the load in each

exercise. Furthermore, according to

(Sugihartono, 2012) interval training has

the characteristics of a variation between

work and exercise. Interval training not

only allows athletes to work at high

intensity but athletes can work during

continuous training.

Intensive interval training

method is an exercise method that is

carried out with moderate to high

intensity exercise with a pulse rate of

more than 180-190x/minute, few

repetitions, not a lot of intervals, a

maximum of 3 sets (Syafruddin, 2016).

According to Suharno in (Cookson &

Stirk, 2019) extensive interval training is

a form of exercise used to increase

endurance. The extensive interval

method is an exercise method that is

almost the same as the intensive interval

training method in which the intensity,

repetitions, number of sets and rest have

been determined. The difference lies in

the intensity of work, and the rest is

shorter than the intensive interval.

(Syafruddin, 2011) explained that the

characteristics of the extensive interval

method are moderate load intensity,

which is 60% - 80%, high load/volume

and many repetitions, which are 20-30

times series, intervals/rests are not full,

which is 45-90 seconds series, and the

resulting training effect is an increase in

speed endurance. While intensive

interval training according to

(Syafruddin, 2016), the intensive

interval training method is carried out

with a relatively small amount of load

with an exercise intensity ranging from

80-90%, the amount/volume of moderate

load is 6-10 times per series,

intervals/rests 90-180 seconds each

series, and the duration of the moderate

load is 30-60 seconds and the effect of

this exercise is to increase speed

endurance.

Riau Province Sports High

School is a school for coaching athletes.

It can be seen in terms of the

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achievements achieved in 2017, namely

the 2nd place in PORPROV, in 2017 the

3rd place in the Regional Championship.

Furthermore, at the Regional Student

Sports Week (POPWIL) won 2nd place

in 2018. It can be seen in 2020 that the

Sports High School volleyball

achievement during the CUP event for

the Financial Vocational School in

Pekanbaru City where usually the Riau

Province Sports High School volleyball

team always won, but on This time, the

Sports High School volleyball team's

performance declined. Athletes from the

Riau Province Sports State High School

did not look optimal, because during the

match they looked weak and lacked

attack while playing.

The information obtained from

Mr. Pitoyo as one of the volleyball

coaches at the Riau Province State High

School and observations in the field

showed that the smash ability of the Riau

Province Sports High School volleyball

athletes was still low in practice and

competition, this could be seen from the

implementation of the smash performed,

where most of the smashes are done late

or can't put the body position in the right

place, and also sometimes there are still

many who get stuck on the net and get

out of the field. The low smash ability of

volleyball athletes is inseparable from

the components of physical conditions

that affect it such as strength, speed,

power and one of them is eye-foot

coordination and many other physical

components.

Based on the problems that

occur, researchers are interested in

conducting research and want to provide

an exercise program to improve the

smash skills of volleyball athletes at the

Riau Province Sports High School. The

training program given is in the form of

an extensive interval method and an

intensive interval method. The

intervening variable is eye-foot

coordination which is measured using an

eye-foot coordination test. From the

variables studied, it is hoped that it can

improve the smash ability of volleyball

athletes at SMA Negeri Sport Riau

Province.

METHODS

The purpose of this study was to

analyze the differences in the effect of

training methods and eye-foot

coordination on the smash ability of

volleyball athletes. The method used in

this research is a quasi-experimental

research. Thus, this research design is a

2x2 factorial design. This study

examines the effect of the independent

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variable on the dependent variable and

the moderator variable. According to

(Barlian, 2018), the sample is part of the

number and characteristics possessed by

the population. The research sampling

technique was total sampling, where the

entire population of 28 people was used

as the research sample because the

research population was less than 100

people and the research was carried out

in the volleyball court of SMA Negeri

Sport Riau Province.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Eye-foot Coordination

From the results of

measurements carried out on a sample of

volleyball athletes at SMA Negeri Sport

Riau Province, the highest score was 13,

the lowest score was 8. With an average

of 10.00, standard deviation of 1.66. For

more details, see the table below:

Table 1. Eye-Foot Distribution

Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequency

Relative

Frequency

20-22 0 0%

17-19 0 0%

14-16 0 0%

11-13 10 36%

8-10 18 64%

28 100%

Based on the calculations in table

1. It can be seen that there are 10 athletes

who have eye-foot coordination in the

10-13 interval class with a frequency of

36%, and 18 athletes who have eye-foot

coordination in the 8-10 interval class

with a frequency of 64%. For more

details can be seen in the graph below:

Figure 1. Histogram of Eye-Foot

Coordination

2. Smash Test

Based on the results of the smash

measurement test in a group consisting

of 28 people, the highest score was 183

and the lowest was 129. With an average

of 169.46 and a standard deviation of

12.50. More details can be seen in the

following frequency distribution table:

Table 2 . Smash Test

Distribution

Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequency

Relative

Frequency

205-223 0 0%

186-204 0 0%

167-185 20 71,42%

148-166 7 25%

129-147 1 3,57%

28 100%

From table 2 it can be seen that 20

athletes have the ability to smash in the

interval class 167-185 with a frequency

of 71.42%, 7 athletes have the ability to

0 0 0

20-22 17-19 14-16 11-13. 8-10.

Eye-Foot Coordination

20-22 17-19 14-16 11-13. 8-10.

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smash in the interval class 148-166 with

a frequency of 25% and 1 athlete has the

ability to smash in the interval class 129-

147. with a frequency of 3.57%. For

more details can be seen in the graph

below:

Figure 2. Histogram of Smash Test

a. Smash Ability in the Extensive

Inteval Training Method Group

(A1)

The volleyball smash

measurement data in this group consisted

of 14 people, with a maximum score of

180, the lowest score of 155, an average

of 170.43 and a standard deviation of

8.36. The frequency distribution of the

smash ability of members of this group

can be described in the following

frequency distribution table:

Table 3. Smash in the Extensive

Interval Training Method Group (A1)

Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequency

Relative

Frequency

195-204 0 0%

185-194 0 0%

175-184 6 42,81%

165-174 5 35,71%

155-164 3 21,42%

14 100%

Based on table 3, it can be seen that

6 people have the ability to smash in the

175-184 interval class with a frequency

of 42.81%, 5 people have the smash

ability in the 165-174 interval class with

a frequency of 35.71%, and 3 people

have the smash ability in the 155-164

interval class. with a frequency of

21.42%. For more details, see the

following graph:

Figure 3. Histogram of Smash in the

Extensive Interval Training Method

Group (A1)

b. Smash Ability in Intensive Interval

Training Method Group (A2)

The data from the measurement

of the smash ability of this group

consisted of 14 people, the highest score

was 183 and the lowest score was 129.

The average score was 168.50 and the

standard deviation was 15.90. The

following table shows the frequency

distribution of the smash ability data in

this group:

0 0

20
7 1

205-223 186-204 167-185 148-166 129-147

SMASH

205-223 186-204 167-185

148-166 129-147

0 0
6 5 3

195-204 185-194 175-184 165-174 155-164

195-204 185-194 175-184

165-174 155-164

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Table 4. Smash Ability in Intensive

Interval Training Group (A2)

Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequency

Relative

Frequency

213-233 0 0%

192-212 0 0%

171-191 1 7,14%

150-170 5 35,71%

129-149 8 42,85%

14 100%

Based on the calculations in table

4, it can be seen that 1 person in the

interval class 171-191 with a frequency

of 7.14%, 5 people in the interval class

150-170 with a frequency of 35.71% and

8 people in the interval class 129-149

with a frequency of 42.85 %. For more

details, see the distribution chart below:

Figure 4. Histogram of Smash Ability

in Intensive Interval Training

Method Group (A2)

c. High Category Eye-foot

Coordination Group Exercise (B1)

The data from the measurement of smash

ability in this group consisted of 14

people with the highest score of 180, the

lowest score of 150 with an average of

170,29 and standard deviation of 9,90.

The distribution of the smash ability of

the Riau Province Sports High School

athletes in this group can be described in

the following frequency distribution

table:

Table 5. Exercises in the High

Category Eye-foot Coordination

Exercise Group (B1)

Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequency

Relative

Frequency

198-209 0 0%

186-197 0 0%

174-185 6 42,85%

162-173 5 35,71%

150-161 3 21,42%

14 100%

Based on the calculations listed

in table 5, it can be seen that 6 athletes in

the 174-185 interval class with a

frequency of 42.85%, 5 athletes in the

162-173 interval class with a frequency

of 35.71% and 3 athletes in the 150-161

interval class with a frequency of

21.42%. For details, see the graph below:

Figure 5. Histogram of Exercises in

the High Category Eye-foot

Coordination Exercise Group (B1)

d. Low Category Eye-foot

Coordination Group Exercise (B2)

Data from the exercise

measurement results in the low eye-foot

coordination group consisting of 14

people in this group had the highest score

0 0 1
5

213-233 192-212 171-191 150-170 129-149

213-233 192-212 171-191

150-170 129-149
0 0

6 5 3

0
10

198-209 186-197 174-185 162-173 150-161

198-209 186-197 174-185

162-173 150-161

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of 183, the lowest score of 129, the

average score of 168.64 and the standard

deviation of 15.01. The distribution of

volleyball athletes at the Raiu Province

State Sports High School in this group is

illustrated by the table below:

Table 6. Low Eye-Foot Coordination

Group Exercise Distribution (B2)

Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequency

Relative

Frequency

213-233 0 0%

192-212 0 0%

171-191 9 64,28%

150-170 4 28,57%

129-149 1 7,14%

14 100%

Based on the calculations listed

in table 6, it can be seen that 9 athletes in

the 171-191 interval class with a

frequency of 64.28%, 4 athletes in the

150-170 interval class with a frequency

of 28.57% and 1 athlete in the 129-149

interval class with a frequency 7.14%.

For more details, the elaboration of the

distribution of the training frequency for

the athletes of the Riau Province Sports

State Senior High School can be seen in

the following graph:

Figure 6. Histogram of Exercise in

the Low Category Eye-foot

Coordination Group (B2)

e. Smash Ability Data in the

Extensive Interval Training

Method Group with Eye-foot

Coordination in the High Category

(A1B1)

The data from the volleyball smash

measurement of the members of this

group consisted of 7 people with the

highest score of 180, the lowest score of

160, an average of 172.43, and a standard

deviation of 7.28. The distribution of the

frequency of the volleyball smash at the

Riau Province Sports High School is

described in the following table:

Table 7. Smash Distribution of

Extensive Interval Training Method

Group with High Eye-foot

Coordination (A1B1)
Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequency

Relative

Frequency

196-204 0 0%

187-195 0 0%

178-186 3 42,85%

169-177 2 28,57%

160-168 2 28,57%

7 100%

Based on the calculations shown in

table 7, it can be seen that 3 athletes in

the 178-186 interval class with a

frequency of 42.85%, 2 athletes in the

169-177 interval class with a frequency

of 28.57%, and 2 athletes in the 160-168

interval class with frequency 28.57%.

0 0

4
1

213-233 192-212 171-191 150-170 129-149

213-233 192-212 171-191

150-170 129-149

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For more details, it can be seen in the

frequency distribution graph below:

Figure 7. Histogram of Smash Ability

Group of Extensive Interval Training

Method with Eye-foot Coordination

High Category (A1B1)

f. Smash Ability Intensive Interval

Training Method Group with High

Category Eye Coordination (A2B1)

The data on the results of

measuring the smash ability of the

athletes of the Riau Province Sports State

Senior High School in this group had the

highest score of 180, the lowest score of

150, an average of 168.14 and a standard

deviation of 12.20. The frequency

distribution of smash ability is depicted

in the following table:

Table 8. Distribution of Smash

Ability Group Intensive Interval

Training Method with Eye-foot

Coordination in High Category

(A2B1)
Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequency

Relative

Frequency

206-219 0 0%

192-205 0 0%

178-191 3 42,85%

164-177 1 14,28%

150-163 3 42,85%

7 100%

Based on table 8 the results of the

calculation of smash ability in the

intensive interval training method group

with high eye-foot coordination, 3

athletes in the 178-19 interval class with

a frequency of 42.85%, 1 athlete in the

164-177 interval class with a frequency

of 14.28 %, and 3 athletes in the 150-163

interval class with frequency. For more

details, see the graph below:

Figure 8. Histogram of Smash Ability

Group Intensive Interval Training

Method with Eye-foot Coordination

High Category (A2B1)

g. Smash Ability Group Extensive

Interval Training Method with

Eye-foot Coordination Low

Category (A1B2)

The measurement data in the

extensive interval training method group

consisted of 7 people with the highest

score of 178, the lowest score of 155, an

average of 168.43 and a standard

deviation of 9.45. The frequency

distribution can be described below:

0 0
3 2 2

196-204 187-195 178-186 169-177 160-168

A1B1

196-204 187-195 178-186

169-177 160-168

0 0

206-219 192-205 178-191 164-177 150-163

A2B1

206-219 192-205 178-191

164-177 150-163

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Table 9. Distribution of Smash

Ability Group Extensive Interval

Training Method with Eye-foot

Coordination Low Category (A1B2)

Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequency
Relative

Frequency

199-209 0 0%

188-198 0 0%

177-187 1 14,28%

166-176 4 57,14%

155-165 2 42,85

7 100%

Based on the distribution table in

table 9 above, the extensive interval

training method in this group is 1 athlete

in the interval class 177-187 with a

frequency of 14.28%, 4 athletes in the

interval class 166-176 with a frequency

of 57.14% and 2 athletes in the class

interval 155-165 with a frequency of

42.85%. For more details, see the graph

below:

Figure 9. Histogram of Ability of the

Extensive Interval Training Method

Group with Low Eye-foot

Coordination (A1B2)

h. Smash Ability Intensive Interval

Training Method Group with Eye-

foot Coordination Low Category

(A2B2)

The data from the measurement

of smash ability in this group consisted

of 7 people, the maximum score was

183, the lowest score was 129, the

average was 168.86 and the standard

deviation was 19.96. The frequency

distribution of the smash athlete ability

of the Riau Province Sports State Senior

High School is described in the

following table:

Table 10. Distribution of Intensive

Interval Training Method Group

Ability with Eye-foot Coordination

Low Category (A2B2)

Interval

Class

Absolute

Frequenc

Relative

Frequenc

225-248 0 0%

201-224 0 0%

177-200 4 57,14%

153-176 2 42,85%

129-152 1 14,28%

7 100%

Based on the calculations listed

in table 10, it can be seen that there are 4

athletes in the 177-200 interval class

with a frequency of 57.14%, 2 athletes in

the 153-176 interval class with a

frequency of 42.28% and 1 athlete in the

129 interval class. -152 with a frequency

of 14.28%. For more details, see the

frequency distribution chart below:

0 0
1

4
2

199-209 188-198 177-187 166-176 155-165

A1B2

199-209 188-198 177-187

166-176 155-165

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Figure 10. Histogram of Intensive

Exercise Method Group Ability with

Eye-foot Coordination Low Category

(A2B2)

A. Hypothesis test

Hypothesis testing uses two-way

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The

purpose of the two-way Analysis of

Variance (ANOVA) is to find out how

the independent variables influence the

experimental results and to determine the

interaction effect of the treatments. For

more details, the results of hypothesis

testing can be seen in the table below:

Table 11. Results of Analysis of

Variance (ANOVA)
Variant

Source
JK Db RJK Fh Ft

Deliver A 3,57 1 3,57 47,14 3,01

Deliver B 89,28 1 89,28 1,88 3,01

Interaction
493,99 1 493,99 24 3,01

(Error)
4038,9 24 168,29

Total 4625,74 27

Information:

Db = Degrees of Freedom

JK = Number of Squares

RJK = Average Sum of Squares

Fh = Fcount

Ft = Ftable
Based on table 11, it can be

concluded that there is an effect of the

group of extensive interval training

methods and intensive training methods

on volleyball smash abilities where

Fcount (A) 47.14 > Ftable 3.01 then Ho

is accepted. There is no significant

difference, to the training method and

eye-foot coordination on the smash

ability of the athletes of SMA Negeri

Sport Riau Province Fcount (B) 1.88 <

Ftable 3.01 then Ha is accepted. There is

an interaction between training methods

and eye-foot coordination on smash

ability athletes of SMA Negeri Olahrga

Riau Province Fcount (AB) 24 > Ftable

3.01 then Ho is rejected and Ha is

accepted so that it can be concluded that

there is a significant overall interaction

between extensive and intensive interval

training methods with eye-foot

coordination on the smash ability of

SMA Negeri Sports athletes Riau

Province.

With the proof of the research

hypothesis which states that there is a

significant interaction between extensive

and intensive interval training methods

with eye-foot coordination on the smash

ability of the athletes of SMA Negeri

0 0

4
2

225-248 201-224 177-200 153-176 129-152

A2B2

225-248 201-224 177-200

153-176 129-152

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Olahrga, Riau Province, a further test

was carried out (Tukey Test). The

following is table 12. Further test results

(ANOVA)

Tabel 12. Analysis Of Variance

(ANOVA) Test with Tukey Test
Compared

group
Dk Qh Q1

Informati

A1 and A2 3,467 6,20 3,03 Significant

B1 and B2 3,467 6,20 3,03 Significant

A1B1 and

A2B1
4,903

11,3

6
3,34 Significant

A2B1 and

A2B2
4,903 2,60 3,34

Not

Significant

Based on table 12, the hypothesis

of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

and Tukey test can be analyzed as

follows:

1. The first research hypothesis which

states that overall there are

differences in the extensive interval

training method (A1) the results are

better than those trained with the

intensive interval method. The mean

score of the exercise method sample

in the A1 170.43 group was

significantly higher than the average

exercise method in the A2 group

168.50. (Qcount 6,20 > Qtable 3,03).

2. The second research hypothesis

states that overall eye-foot

coordination in the high category

eye-foot coordination group, the

ability to smash in volleyball is better

than the low eye-foot coordination

group, the sample group B1 is

170.29, which is significantly higher

than the average low eye-foot

coordination B2 168.93. (Qcount 6,20

> Qtable 3,03).

3. The third research hypothesis which

states that there is an interaction

between the training method and

eye-foot coordination on the smash

ability of the Riau Province Sports

Public High School can be seen Fcount

(AB) 24 > Ftable 3.01

4. The fourth research hypothesis states

that the extensive interval training

method with high eye-foot

coordination is better than the

intensive interval training method

with high eye-foot coordination on

the smash ability of SMA Negeri

Sport Riau Province. The hypothesis

is accepted, the mean A1B1 172.43 is

higher than A2B1 169.71 (Qcount11.36

> Qtable 3.34)

5. The fifth research hypothesis which

states that the average intensive

interval method with low eye-foot

coordination compared to the

extensive interval training method

with low eye-foot coordination has

no difference or is still considered the

same. The mean of A1B2 was 168.43

higher than A2B2 168.86 (Qcount 2.60

< Qtable 3.34).

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DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on research findings and

discussion of research results, it can be

concluded as follows:

There is a difference in the effect

of the extensive interval training method

with the intensive interval training

method on the smash ability of volleyball

athletes at SMA Negeri Sport Riau

Province, seen from the two-way

ANOVA calculation there is a

significant difference because Fcount >

Ftable (Fh 47.14 > Ft 3.01). There is an

interaction between the training method

and the coordination of the athlete's

ankle on the smash ability of the

volleyball athlete at SMA Negeri Sport

Riau Province which can be seen from

Fcount (AB) 24 > Ftable 3.01). In the eye-

foot coordination group, in the high

category, the extensive interval training

method was better than the intensive

interval training method to improve the

smash ability of volleyball athletes at

SMA Negeri Sport Riau Province, it can

be seen from Qcount 11.36 > Qtable 3.34.

There is no difference in the effect on

eye-foot coordination in the low

category between the intensive training

method and the extensive interval

method to improve the smash ability of

volleyball athletes at SMA Negeri Sport

Riau Province, it can be seen from Qcount

2.60 < Qtable 3.34.

Based on the conclusions and

implications above, several

suggestions are proposed to:

1. In an effort to increase the ability to

smash volleyball effectively, it is

necessary to use a form of exercise

that is truly suitable and in

accordance with the characteristics

of the player. In addition, in using the

exercise method consider other

factors.

2. Athletes are expected to always

attend every scheduled training day

and carry out exercises continuously

and repeatedly.

3. In improving the ability to smash, it

is also necessary to pay attention to

other factors that can affect the

results of the exercise itself, such as

physical, mental and motivational

conditions.

4. For further researchers who are

interested in conducting similar

research, it is recommended to

involve other variables, the object of

research that is more expanded, and

consider various limitations in this

study.

Gladi Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13 (03), September- 329

Dwi Maya Abdiliah, Willadi Rasyid, Syafruddin, Eri Barlian

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