id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ger-290	1	1	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	1	2	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	1	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	1	4	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	1	5	45	45	NUM
ger-290	1	6	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	1	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	1	8	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	1	9	is	be	AUX
ger-290	1	10	a	a	DET
ger-290	1	11	publication	publication	NOUN
ger-290	1	12	of	of	ADP
ger-290	1	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	1	14	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	1	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	1	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	1	17	at	at	ADP
ger-290	1	18	mercy	mercy	NOUN
ger-290	1	19	college	college	NOUN
ger-290	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	1	21	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	1	22	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	1	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	2	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	2	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	2	3	an	an	DET
ger-290	2	4	open	open	ADJ
ger-290	2	5	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	2	6	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	2	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
ger-290	2	8	under	under	ADP
ger-290	2	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	2	10	terms	term	NOUN
ger-290	2	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	2	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	2	13	creative	creative	ADJ
ger-290	2	14	commons	common	NOUN
ger-290	2	15	attribution	attribution	NOUN
ger-290	2	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	2	17	noncommercial	noncommercial	ADJ
ger-290	2	18	3.0	3.0	NUM
ger-290	2	19	unported	unported	ADJ
ger-290	2	20	license	license	NOUN
ger-290	2	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	2	22	permitting	permit	VERB
ger-290	2	23	all	all	DET
ger-290	2	24	non	non	ADJ
ger-290	2	25	-	-	ADJ
ger-290	2	26	commercial	commercial	ADJ
ger-290	2	27	use	use	NOUN
ger-290	2	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	2	29	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ger-290	2	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	2	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	2	32	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN
ger-290	2	33	in	in	ADP
ger-290	2	34	any	any	DET
ger-290	2	35	medium	medium	NOUN
ger-290	2	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	2	37	provided	provide	VERB
ger-290	2	38	the	the	DET
ger-290	2	39	original	original	ADJ
ger-290	2	40	work	work	NOUN
ger-290	2	41	is	be	AUX
ger-290	2	42	properly	properly	ADV
ger-290	2	43	cited	cite	VERB
ger-290	2	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	3	1	citation	citation	NOUN
ger-290	3	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	4	1	wright	wright	PROPN
ger-290	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	4	3	brian	brian	PROPN
ger-290	4	4	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	4	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	4	6	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	4	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	4	8	donna	donna	PROPN
ger-290	4	9	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	4	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	4	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	4	12	young	young	PROPN
ger-290	4	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	4	14	jemimah	jemimah	PROPN
ger-290	4	15	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	4	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	4	17	2017	2017	NUM
ger-290	4	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	4	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	5	1	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	5	2	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	5	3	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	5	4	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	6	1	seeking	seek	VERB
ger-290	6	2	excellence	excellence	NOUN
ger-290	6	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	6	4	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	6	5	for	for	ADP
ger-290	6	6	under	under	ADV
ger-290	6	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	6	8	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	6	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	6	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	6	11	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	6	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	6	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	6	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	6	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	7	1	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	7	2	education	education	PROPN
ger-290	7	3	review	review	PROPN
ger-290	7	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	7	5	4(1	4(1	NUM
ger-290	7	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	7	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	8	1	45	45	NUM
ger-290	8	2	-	-	SYM
ger-290	8	3	60	60	NUM
ger-290	8	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	8	5	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	8	6	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	8	7	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	8	8	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	9	1	seeking	seek	VERB
ger-290	9	2	excellence	excellence	NOUN
ger-290	9	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	9	4	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	9	5	for	for	ADP
ger-290	9	6	under	under	ADV
ger-290	9	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	9	8	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	9	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	9	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	9	11	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	9	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	9	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	9	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	9	15	brian	brian	PROPN
ger-290	9	16	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	9	17	wright	wright	PROPN
ger-290	10	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	10	2	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	10	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	10	4	memphis	memphis	PROPN
ger-290	10	5	donna	donna	PROPN
ger-290	10	6	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	10	7	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	10	8	vanderbilt	vanderbilt	PROPN
ger-290	10	9	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	10	10	jemimah	jemimah	PROPN
ger-290	10	11	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	10	12	young	young	PROPN
ger-290	10	13	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	10	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	10	15	north	north	PROPN
ger-290	10	16	texas	texas	PROPN
ger-290	10	17	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ger-290	10	18	lack	lack	NOUN
ger-290	10	19	of	of	ADP
ger-290	10	20	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	10	21	to	to	ADP
ger-290	10	22	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	10	23	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	10	24	is	be	AUX
ger-290	10	25	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
ger-290	10	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	10	27	yet	yet	CCONJ
ger-290	10	28	preventable	preventable	ADJ
ger-290	10	29	for	for	ADP
ger-290	10	30	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	10	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	10	32	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	10	33	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	10	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	11	1	years	year	NOUN
ger-290	11	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	11	3	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	11	4	from	from	ADP
ger-290	11	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	11	6	office	office	NOUN
ger-290	11	7	for	for	ADP
ger-290	11	8	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	11	9	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	11	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	11	11	national	national	ADJ
ger-290	11	12	reports	report	NOUN
ger-290	11	13	reveal	reveal	VERB
ger-290	11	14	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	11	15	deficit	deficit	NOUN
ger-290	11	16	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-290	11	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	11	18	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN
ger-290	11	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	11	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	11	21	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	11	22	must	must	AUX
ger-290	11	23	be	be	AUX
ger-290	11	24	at	at	ADP
ger-290	11	25	work	work	NOUN
ger-290	11	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	11	27	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	11	28	compromising	compromise	VERB
ger-290	11	29	the	the	DET
ger-290	11	30	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	11	31	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-290	11	32	of	of	ADP
ger-290	11	33	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	11	34	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	11	35	of	of	ADP
ger-290	11	36	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	11	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	12	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	12	2	this	this	DET
ger-290	12	3	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	12	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	12	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	12	6	authors	author	NOUN
ger-290	12	7	share	share	VERB
ger-290	12	8	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	12	9	on	on	ADP
ger-290	12	10	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	12	11	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	12	12	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	12	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	12	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	12	15	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	12	16	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	12	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	12	18	along	along	ADP
ger-290	12	19	with	with	ADP
ger-290	12	20	contributing	contribute	VERB
ger-290	12	21	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-290	12	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	12	23	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ger-290	12	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	13	1	they	they	PRON
ger-290	13	2	rail	rail	VERB
ger-290	13	3	against	against	ADP
ger-290	13	4	both	both	DET
ger-290	13	5	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	13	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	13	7	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	13	8	explanations	explanation	NOUN
ger-290	13	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	13	10	calling	call	VERB
ger-290	13	11	instead	instead	ADV
ger-290	13	12	for	for	ADP
ger-290	13	13	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-290	13	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	13	15	deliberate	deliberate	VERB
ger-290	13	16	efforts	effort	NOUN
ger-290	13	17	to	to	PART
ger-290	13	18	desegregate	desegregate	VERB
ger-290	13	19	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	13	20	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	13	21	with	with	ADP
ger-290	13	22	both	both	DET
ger-290	13	23	excellence	excellence	NOUN
ger-290	13	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	13	25	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	13	26	as	as	ADP
ger-290	13	27	the	the	DET
ger-290	13	28	driving	drive	VERB
ger-290	13	29	force	force	NOUN
ger-290	13	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	14	1	we	we	PRON
ger-290	14	2	define	define	VERB
ger-290	14	3	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	14	4	as	as	ADP
ger-290	14	5	being	be	AUX
ger-290	14	6	fair	fair	ADJ
ger-290	14	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	14	8	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	14	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	14	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	14	11	impartial	impartial	ADJ
ger-290	14	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	14	13	especially	especially	ADV
ger-290	14	14	for	for	ADP
ger-290	14	15	those	those	PRON
ger-290	14	16	who	who	PRON
ger-290	14	17	have	have	VERB
ger-290	14	18	the	the	DET
ger-290	14	19	fewest	few	ADJ
ger-290	14	20	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-290	14	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	14	22	least	least	ADJ
ger-290	14	23	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
ger-290	14	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	14	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	14	26	who	who	PRON
ger-290	14	27	have	have	AUX
ger-290	14	28	experienced	experience	VERB
ger-290	14	29	structural	structural	ADJ
ger-290	14	30	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ger-290	14	31	due	due	ADP
ger-290	14	32	to	to	ADP
ger-290	14	33	historical	historical	ADJ
ger-290	14	34	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
ger-290	14	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	15	1	we	we	PRON
ger-290	15	2	hope	hope	VERB
ger-290	15	3	readers	reader	NOUN
ger-290	15	4	will	will	AUX
ger-290	15	5	learn	learn	VERB
ger-290	15	6	from	from	ADP
ger-290	15	7	the	the	DET
ger-290	15	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	15	9	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	15	10	context	context	NOUN
ger-290	15	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	15	12	use	use	VERB
ger-290	15	13	that	that	PRON
ger-290	15	14	which	which	PRON
ger-290	15	15	is	be	AUX
ger-290	15	16	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ger-290	15	17	for	for	ADP
ger-290	15	18	their	their	PRON
ger-290	15	19	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-290	15	20	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	15	21	context	context	NOUN
ger-290	15	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	16	1	keywords	keyword	VERB
ger-290	16	2	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	16	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	16	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	5	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	16	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	16	7	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	16	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	16	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	16	11	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	16	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	13	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	16	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	16	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	16	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	16	17	/	/	SYM
ger-290	16	18	latino	latino	ADJ
ger-290	16	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	16	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	21	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	16	22	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ger-290	16	23	while	while	SCONJ
ger-290	16	24	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	16	25	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	16	26	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	16	27	have	have	AUX
ger-290	16	28	become	become	VERB
ger-290	16	29	more	more	ADV
ger-290	16	30	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-290	16	31	today	today	NOUN
ger-290	16	32	than	than	ADP
ger-290	16	33	at	at	ADP
ger-290	16	34	any	any	DET
ger-290	16	35	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	16	36	point	point	NOUN
ger-290	16	37	in	in	ADP
ger-290	16	38	our	our	PRON
ger-290	16	39	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-290	16	40	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	16	41	history	history	NOUN
ger-290	16	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	43	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	16	44	of	of	ADP
ger-290	16	45	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	16	46	in	in	ADP
ger-290	16	47	general	general	ADJ
ger-290	16	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	49	african	african	ADJ
ger-290	16	50	american	american	ADJ
ger-290	16	51	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	16	52	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	16	53	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	16	54	in	in	ADP
ger-290	16	55	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-290	16	56	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	57	continue	continue	VERB
ger-290	16	58	to	to	PART
ger-290	16	59	be	be	AUX
ger-290	16	60	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
ger-290	16	61	in	in	ADP
ger-290	16	62	racially	racially	ADV
ger-290	16	63	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	16	64	economically	economically	ADV
ger-290	16	65	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ger-290	16	66	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	16	67	where	where	SCONJ
ger-290	16	68	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	16	69	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	16	70	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	16	71	to	to	PART
ger-290	16	72	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	16	73	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	16	74	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	75	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ger-290	16	76	placement	placement	NOUN
ger-290	16	77	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	16	78	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	16	79	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	16	80	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	81	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	16	82	international	international	ADJ
ger-290	16	83	baccalaureate	baccalaureate	NOUN
ger-290	16	84	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	16	85	ib	ib	NOUN
ger-290	16	86	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	16	87	courses	course	NOUN
ger-290	16	88	are	be	AUX
ger-290	16	89	limited	limited	ADJ
ger-290	16	90	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	16	91	virtually	virtually	ADV
ger-290	16	92	nonexistent	nonexistent	ADJ
ger-290	16	93	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	16	94	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	16	95	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	96	2013a	2013a	NUM
ger-290	16	97	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	98	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	16	99	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	16	100	orfield	orfield	PROPN
ger-290	16	101	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	16	102	frankenberg	frankenberg	PROPN
ger-290	16	103	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	104	ee	ee	PROPN
ger-290	16	105	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	106	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	16	107	kuscera	kuscera	PROPN
ger-290	16	108	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	109	2014	2014	NUM
ger-290	16	110	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	16	111	orfield	orfield	NOUN
ger-290	16	112	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	113	kucsera	kucsera	PROPN
ger-290	16	114	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	115	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	16	116	siegel	siegel	PROPN
ger-290	16	117	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	16	118	hawley	hawley	PROPN
ger-290	16	119	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	16	120	2012	2012	NUM
ger-290	16	121	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	16	122	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	17	1	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	17	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	17	3	a	a	DET
ger-290	17	4	program	program	NOUN
ger-290	17	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	17	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	17	7	united	united	PROPN
ger-290	17	8	states	states	PROPN
ger-290	17	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	17	10	canada	canada	PROPN
ger-290	17	11	by	by	ADP
ger-290	17	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	17	13	college	college	NOUN
ger-290	17	14	board	board	NOUN
ger-290	17	15	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	17	16	the	the	DET
ger-290	17	17	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	17	18	offer	offer	VERB
ger-290	17	19	college	college	NOUN
ger-290	17	20	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	17	21	level	level	NOUN
ger-290	17	22	curricula	curriculum	NOUN
ger-290	17	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	17	24	examinations	examination	NOUN
ger-290	17	25	to	to	ADP
ger-290	17	26	high	high	ADJ
ger-290	17	27	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	17	28	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
ger-290	17	29	author	author	NOUN
ger-290	17	30	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	17	31	brian	brian	PROPN
ger-290	17	32	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	17	33	wright	wright	PROPN
ger-290	17	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	17	35	the	the	DET
ger-290	17	36	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	17	37	of	of	ADP
ger-290	17	38	memphis	memphis	PROPN
ger-290	17	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	17	40	college	college	NOUN
ger-290	17	41	of	of	ADP
ger-290	17	42	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	17	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	17	44	3798	3798	NUM
ger-290	17	45	walker	walker	PROPN
ger-290	17	46	avenue	avenue	PROPN
ger-290	17	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	17	48	memphis	memphis	PROPN
ger-290	17	49	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	17	50	tn	tn	PROPN
ger-290	17	51	38152	38152	NUM
ger-290	17	52	email	email	NOUN
ger-290	17	53	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	17	54	blwrght1@memphis.edu	blwrght1@memphis.edu	X
ger-290	17	55	mailto:blwrght1@memphis.edu	mailto:blwrght1@memphis.edu	PROPN
ger-290	17	56	46	46	NUM
ger-290	17	57	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	17	58	education	education	PROPN
ger-290	17	59	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	17	60	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ger-290	17	61	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	17	62	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	17	63	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	18	1	american	american	ADJ
ger-290	18	2	colleges	college	NOUN
ger-290	18	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	18	4	universities	university	NOUN
ger-290	18	5	may	may	AUX
ger-290	18	6	grant	grant	VERB
ger-290	18	7	placement	placement	NOUN
ger-290	18	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	18	9	course	course	NOUN
ger-290	18	10	credit	credit	NOUN
ger-290	18	11	to	to	ADP
ger-290	18	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	18	13	who	who	PRON
ger-290	18	14	obtain	obtain	VERB
ger-290	18	15	high	high	ADJ
ger-290	18	16	scores	score	NOUN
ger-290	18	17	on	on	ADP
ger-290	18	18	the	the	DET
ger-290	18	19	examinations	examination	NOUN
ger-290	18	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	18	21	see	see	VERB
ger-290	18	22	https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse	https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse	NOUN
ger-290	18	23	for	for	ADP
ger-290	18	24	a	a	DET
ger-290	18	25	detailed	detailed	ADJ
ger-290	18	26	description	description	NOUN
ger-290	18	27	of	of	ADP
ger-290	18	28	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	18	29	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	18	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	18	31	offering	offering	NOUN
ger-290	18	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	18	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	19	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	19	2	international	international	ADJ
ger-290	19	3	baccalaureate	baccalaureate	NOUN
ger-290	19	4	aims	aim	VERB
ger-290	19	5	to	to	PART
ger-290	19	6	develop	develop	VERB
ger-290	19	7	inquiring	inquire	VERB
ger-290	19	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	19	9	knowledgeable	knowledgeable	ADJ
ger-290	19	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	19	11	caring	caring	ADJ
ger-290	19	12	young	young	ADJ
ger-290	19	13	people	people	NOUN
ger-290	19	14	who	who	PRON
ger-290	19	15	help	help	VERB
ger-290	19	16	to	to	PART
ger-290	19	17	create	create	VERB
ger-290	19	18	a	a	DET
ger-290	19	19	better	well	ADJ
ger-290	19	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	19	21	more	more	ADV
ger-290	19	22	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ
ger-290	19	23	world	world	NOUN
ger-290	19	24	through	through	ADP
ger-290	19	25	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
ger-290	19	26	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ger-290	19	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	19	28	respect	respect	NOUN
ger-290	19	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	20	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	20	2	organization	organization	NOUN
ger-290	20	3	works	work	VERB
ger-290	20	4	with	with	ADP
ger-290	20	5	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	20	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	20	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	20	8	governmental	governmental	ADJ
ger-290	20	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	20	10	international	international	ADJ
ger-290	20	11	organizations	organization	NOUN
ger-290	20	12	to	to	PART
ger-290	20	13	develop	develop	VERB
ger-290	20	14	challenging	challenging	ADJ
ger-290	20	15	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	20	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	20	17	international	international	ADJ
ger-290	20	18	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	20	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	20	20	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ
ger-290	20	21	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-290	20	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	21	1	these	these	DET
ger-290	21	2	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	21	3	encourage	encourage	VERB
ger-290	21	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	21	5	around	around	ADP
ger-290	21	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	21	7	globe	globe	NOUN
ger-290	21	8	to	to	PART
ger-290	21	9	become	become	VERB
ger-290	21	10	active	active	ADJ
ger-290	21	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	21	12	compassionate	compassionate	ADJ
ger-290	21	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	21	14	lifelong	lifelong	ADJ
ger-290	21	15	learners	learner	NOUN
ger-290	21	16	who	who	PRON
ger-290	21	17	understand	understand	VERB
ger-290	21	18	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	21	19	people	people	NOUN
ger-290	21	20	from	from	ADP
ger-290	21	21	different	different	ADJ
ger-290	21	22	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ger-290	21	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	21	24	see	see	VERB
ger-290	21	25	http://www.ibo.org/en/aboutthe-ib/facts-and-figures/	http://www.ibo.org/en/aboutthe-ib/facts-and-figures/	PROPN
ger-290	21	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	21	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	22	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	22	2	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ger-290	22	3	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	22	4	segregation	segregation	NOUN
ger-290	22	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	22	6	we	we	PRON
ger-290	22	7	argue	argue	VERB
ger-290	22	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	22	9	limits	limit	VERB
ger-290	22	10	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	22	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	22	12	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	22	13	to	to	PART
ger-290	22	14	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	22	15	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	22	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	22	17	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	22	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	22	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	22	20	ib	ib	PROPN
ger-290	22	21	courses	course	NOUN
ger-290	22	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	22	23	is	be	AUX
ger-290	22	24	a	a	DET
ger-290	22	25	direct	direct	ADJ
ger-290	22	26	reflection	reflection	NOUN
ger-290	22	27	of	of	ADP
ger-290	22	28	historical	historical	ADJ
ger-290	22	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	22	30	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ger-290	22	31	residential	residential	ADJ
ger-290	22	32	segregation	segregation	NOUN
ger-290	22	33	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	22	34	lipsitz	lipsitz	NOUN
ger-290	22	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	22	36	1998	1998	NUM
ger-290	22	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	22	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	23	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	23	2	said	say	VERB
ger-290	23	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	23	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	23	5	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ger-290	23	6	to	to	PART
ger-290	23	7	desegregate	desegregate	VERB
ger-290	23	8	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	23	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	23	10	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-290	23	11	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	23	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	23	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	23	14	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ger-290	23	15	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	23	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	23	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	23	18	by	by	ADP
ger-290	23	19	extension	extension	NOUN
ger-290	23	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	23	21	neighborhoods	neighborhood	NOUN
ger-290	23	22	is	be	AUX
ger-290	23	23	hobbled	hobble	VERB
ger-290	23	24	by	by	ADP
ger-290	23	25	genesis	genesis	PROPN
ger-290	23	26	amnesia	amnesia	NOUN
ger-290	23	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	23	28	from	from	ADP
ger-290	23	29	pierre	pierre	PROPN
ger-290	23	30	bourdieu	bourdieu	PROPN
ger-290	23	31	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	23	32	cited	cite	VERB
ger-290	23	33	in	in	ADP
ger-290	23	34	ogilvie	ogilvie	PROPN
ger-290	23	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	23	36	2004	2004	NUM
ger-290	23	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	23	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	23	39	a	a	DET
ger-290	23	40	concept	concept	NOUN
ger-290	23	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	23	42	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	23	43	that	that	PRON
ger-290	23	44	explains	explain	VERB
ger-290	23	45	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	23	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	23	47	especially	especially	ADV
ger-290	23	48	in	in	ADP
ger-290	23	49	regard	regard	NOUN
ger-290	23	50	to	to	ADP
ger-290	23	51	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
ger-290	23	52	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	23	53	colonized	colonize	VERB
ger-290	23	54	peoples	people	NOUN
ger-290	23	55	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	23	56	we	we	PRON
ger-290	23	57	often	often	ADV
ger-290	23	58	forget	forget	VERB
ger-290	23	59	the	the	DET
ger-290	23	60	beginning	beginning	NOUN
ger-290	23	61	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	24	1	as	as	ADP
ger-290	24	2	in	in	ADP
ger-290	24	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	24	4	case	case	NOUN
ger-290	24	5	for	for	ADP
ger-290	24	6	indigenous	indigenous	ADJ
ger-290	24	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	24	8	colonized	colonize	VERB
ger-290	24	9	peoples	people	NOUN
ger-290	24	10	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	24	11	histories	history	NOUN
ger-290	24	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	24	13	there	there	PRON
ger-290	24	14	is	be	VERB
ger-290	24	15	also	also	ADV
ger-290	24	16	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ
ger-290	24	17	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	24	18	regarding	regard	VERB
ger-290	24	19	our	our	PRON
ger-290	24	20	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-290	24	21	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	24	22	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	24	23	history	history	NOUN
ger-290	24	24	with	with	ADP
ger-290	24	25	respect	respect	NOUN
ger-290	24	26	to	to	ADP
ger-290	24	27	the	the	DET
ger-290	24	28	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	24	29	of	of	ADP
ger-290	24	30	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	24	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	24	32	testing	testing	NOUN
ger-290	24	33	to	to	PART
ger-290	24	34	rank	rank	VERB
ger-290	24	35	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	24	36	sort	sort	ADV
ger-290	24	37	individuals	individual	NOUN
ger-290	24	38	based	base	VERB
ger-290	24	39	on	on	ADP
ger-290	24	40	perceived	perceive	VERB
ger-290	24	41	talent	talent	NOUN
ger-290	24	42	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	24	43	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-290	24	44	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	24	45	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	24	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	24	47	gould	gould	PROPN
ger-290	24	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	24	49	1981	1981	NUM
ger-290	24	50	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	24	51	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	25	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-290	25	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	25	3	this	this	DET
ger-290	25	4	historical	historical	ADJ
ger-290	25	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	25	6	conventional	conventional	ADJ
ger-290	25	7	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	25	8	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	25	9	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	25	10	can	can	AUX
ger-290	25	11	be	be	AUX
ger-290	25	12	found	find	VERB
ger-290	25	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	25	14	de	de	X
ger-290	25	15	facto	facto	X
ger-290	25	16	explanations	explanation	NOUN
ger-290	25	17	that	that	PRON
ger-290	25	18	suggest	suggest	VERB
ger-290	25	19	segregated	segregate	VERB
ger-290	25	20	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	25	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	25	22	neighborhoods	neighborhood	NOUN
ger-290	25	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	25	24	are	be	AUX
ger-290	25	25	an	an	DET
ger-290	25	26	accident	accident	NOUN
ger-290	25	27	of	of	ADP
ger-290	25	28	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-290	25	29	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
ger-290	25	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	25	31	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ger-290	25	32	trends	trend	NOUN
ger-290	25	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	25	34	personal	personal	ADJ
ger-290	25	35	preferences	preference	NOUN
ger-290	25	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	25	37	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	25	38	private	private	ADJ
ger-290	25	39	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	25	40	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	25	41	lipman	lipman	NOUN
ger-290	25	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	25	43	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	25	44	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	25	45	lipsitz	lipsitz	NOUN
ger-290	25	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	25	47	1998	1998	NUM
ger-290	25	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	25	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	26	1	similar	similar	ADJ
ger-290	26	2	logic	logic	NOUN
ger-290	26	3	that	that	PRON
ger-290	26	4	ignores	ignore	VERB
ger-290	26	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-290	26	6	to	to	ADP
ger-290	26	7	the	the	DET
ger-290	26	8	contrary	contrary	NOUN
ger-290	26	9	is	be	AUX
ger-290	26	10	the	the	DET
ger-290	26	11	eugenics	eugenic	NOUN
ger-290	26	12	movement	movement	NOUN
ger-290	26	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	26	14	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	26	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	26	16	galton	galton	PROPN
ger-290	26	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	26	18	1883	1883	NUM
ger-290	26	19	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	26	20	herrnstein	herrnstein	PROPN
ger-290	26	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	26	22	murray	murray	PROPN
ger-290	26	23	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	26	24	1994	1994	NUM
ger-290	26	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	26	26	that	that	PRON
ger-290	26	27	convinced	convince	VERB
ger-290	26	28	some	some	DET
ger-290	26	29	professionals	professional	NOUN
ger-290	26	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	26	31	laypersons	layperson	NOUN
ger-290	26	32	to	to	PART
ger-290	26	33	accept	accept	VERB
ger-290	26	34	the	the	DET
ger-290	26	35	ideology	ideology	NOUN
ger-290	26	36	that	that	PRON
ger-290	26	37	being	be	AUX
ger-290	26	38	well	well	ADV
ger-290	26	39	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	26	40	born	bear	VERB
ger-290	26	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	26	42	highly	highly	ADV
ger-290	26	43	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
ger-290	26	44	are	be	AUX
ger-290	26	45	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ger-290	26	46	possessed	possess	VERB
ger-290	26	47	only	only	ADV
ger-290	26	48	by	by	ADP
ger-290	26	49	a	a	DET
ger-290	26	50	select	select	ADJ
ger-290	26	51	number	number	NOUN
ger-290	26	52	of	of	ADP
ger-290	26	53	people	people	NOUN
ger-290	26	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	27	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	27	2	movement	movement	NOUN
ger-290	27	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	27	4	ideology	ideology	NOUN
ger-290	27	5	have	have	AUX
ger-290	27	6	not	not	PART
ger-290	27	7	only	only	ADV
ger-290	27	8	been	be	AUX
ger-290	27	9	used	use	VERB
ger-290	27	10	to	to	PART
ger-290	27	11	justify	justify	VERB
ger-290	27	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	27	13	unequal	unequal	ADJ
ger-290	27	14	allocation	allocation	NOUN
ger-290	27	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	27	16	a	a	DET
ger-290	27	17	quality	quality	NOUN
ger-290	27	18	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	27	19	to	to	ADP
ger-290	27	20	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	27	21	of	of	ADP
ger-290	27	22	different	different	ADJ
ger-290	27	23	races	race	NOUN
ger-290	27	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	27	25	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	27	26	also	also	ADV
ger-290	27	27	to	to	PART
ger-290	27	28	protect	protect	VERB
ger-290	27	29	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	27	30	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	27	31	for	for	ADP
ger-290	27	32	a	a	DET
ger-290	27	33	relatively	relatively	ADV
ger-290	27	34	small	small	ADJ
ger-290	27	35	number	number	NOUN
ger-290	27	36	of	of	ADP
ger-290	27	37	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	27	38	-namely	-namely	ADV
ger-290	27	39	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	27	40	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	27	41	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-290	27	42	class	class	NOUN
ger-290	27	43	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	28	1	reliance	reliance	NOUN
ger-290	28	2	on	on	ADP
ger-290	28	3	iq	iq	PROPN
ger-290	28	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	28	5	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ger-290	28	6	quotient	quotient	NOUN
ger-290	28	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	28	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	28	9	testing	testing	NOUN
ger-290	28	10	continue	continue	VERB
ger-290	28	11	unabated	unabated	ADJ
ger-290	28	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	28	13	to	to	ADP
ger-290	28	14	some	some	DET
ger-290	28	15	extent	extent	NOUN
ger-290	28	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	28	17	to	to	PART
ger-290	28	18	support	support	VERB
ger-290	28	19	these	these	DET
ger-290	28	20	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
ger-290	28	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	28	22	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	28	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	28	24	see	see	VERB
ger-290	28	25	fischer	fischer	PROPN
ger-290	28	26	et	et	PROPN
ger-290	28	27	al	al	PROPN
ger-290	28	28	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	28	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	28	30	1996	1996	NUM
ger-290	28	31	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	28	32	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	28	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	28	34	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	28	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	28	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	29	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	29	2	an	an	DET
ger-290	29	3	attempt	attempt	NOUN
ger-290	29	4	to	to	PART
ger-290	29	5	interrupt	interrupt	VERB
ger-290	29	6	this	this	DET
ger-290	29	7	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	29	8	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	29	9	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	29	10	in	in	ADP
ger-290	29	11	order	order	NOUN
ger-290	29	12	to	to	PART
ger-290	29	13	achieve	achieve	VERB
ger-290	29	14	excellence	excellence	NOUN
ger-290	29	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	29	16	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	29	17	for	for	ADP
ger-290	29	18	under	under	ADV
ger-290	29	19	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	29	20	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	29	21	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	29	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	29	23	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	29	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	29	25	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	29	26	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	29	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	29	28	we	we	PRON
ger-290	29	29	challenge	challenge	VERB
ger-290	29	30	past	past	ADV
ger-290	29	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	29	32	present	present	ADJ
ger-290	29	33	hegemonic	hegemonic	ADJ
ger-290	29	34	ways	way	NOUN
ger-290	29	35	of	of	ADP
ger-290	29	36	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	29	37	production	production	NOUN
ger-290	29	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	29	39	validation	validation	NOUN
ger-290	29	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	29	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	29	42	dissemination	dissemination	NOUN
ger-290	29	43	that	that	PRON
ger-290	29	44	gives	give	VERB
ger-290	29	45	currency	currency	NOUN
ger-290	29	46	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	29	47	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
ger-290	29	48	to	to	ADP
ger-290	29	49	certain	certain	ADJ
ger-290	29	50	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	29	51	groups	group	NOUN
ger-290	29	52	as	as	ADP
ger-290	29	53	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	29	54	naturally	naturally	ADV
ger-290	29	55	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	29	56	having	have	VERB
ger-290	29	57	gifts	gift	NOUN
ger-290	29	58	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	29	59	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	29	60	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	30	1	guided	guide	VERB
ger-290	30	2	by	by	ADP
ger-290	30	3	this	this	DET
ger-290	30	4	view	view	NOUN
ger-290	30	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	30	6	our	our	PRON
ger-290	30	7	intent	intent	NOUN
ger-290	30	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	30	9	this	this	DET
ger-290	30	10	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	30	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	30	12	challenge	challenge	VERB
ger-290	30	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	30	14	dislodge	dislodge	VERB
ger-290	30	15	the	the	DET
ger-290	30	16	notion	notion	NOUN
ger-290	30	17	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	30	18	measured	measured	ADJ
ger-290	30	19	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ger-290	30	20	used	use	VERB
ger-290	30	21	as	as	ADP
ger-290	30	22	the	the	DET
ger-290	30	23	primary	primary	ADJ
ger-290	30	24	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	30	25	exclusive	exclusive	ADJ
ger-290	30	26	criteria	criterion	NOUN
ger-290	30	27	for	for	ADP
ger-290	30	28	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	30	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	30	30	entrance	entrance	NOUN
ger-290	30	31	into	into	ADP
ger-290	30	32	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	30	33	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	30	34	is	be	AUX
ger-290	30	35	neither	neither	CCONJ
ger-290	30	36	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	30	37	nor	nor	CCONJ
ger-290	30	38	indicative	indicative	ADJ
ger-290	30	39	of	of	ADP
ger-290	30	40	best	good	ADJ
ger-290	30	41	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	30	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	30	43	which	which	PRON
ger-290	30	44	focus	focus	VERB
ger-290	30	45	on	on	ADP
ger-290	30	46	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ger-290	30	47	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-290	30	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	30	49	rather	rather	ADV
ger-290	30	50	than	than	ADP
ger-290	30	51	testing	test	VERB
ger-290	30	52	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	31	1	instead	instead	ADV
ger-290	31	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	31	3	using	use	VERB
ger-290	31	4	limited	limited	ADJ
ger-290	31	5	measures	measure	NOUN
ger-290	31	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	31	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	31	8	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	31	9	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-290	31	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	31	11	sorting	sort	VERB
ger-290	31	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	31	13	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
ger-290	31	14	-separating	-separate	VERB
ger-290	31	15	the	the	DET
ger-290	31	16	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	31	17	from	from	ADP
ger-290	31	18	the	the	DET
ger-290	31	19	giftless	giftless	NOUN
ger-290	31	20	–	–	PUNCT
ger-290	31	21	we	we	PRON
ger-290	31	22	argue	argue	VERB
ger-290	31	23	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	31	24	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	31	25	must	must	AUX
ger-290	31	26	recognize	recognize	VERB
ger-290	31	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	31	28	validate	validate	VERB
ger-290	31	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	31	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	31	31	cultivate	cultivate	VERB
ger-290	31	32	potential	potential	NOUN
ger-290	31	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	31	34	talent	talent	NOUN
ger-290	31	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	31	36	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	31	37	https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse	https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse	AUX
ger-290	31	38	http://www.ibo.org/en/about-the-ib/facts-and-figures/	http://www.ibo.org/en/about-the-ib/facts-and-figures/	PROPN
ger-290	31	39	http://www.ibo.org/en/about-the-ib/facts-and-figures/	http://www.ibo.org/en/about-the-ib/facts-and-figures/	PROPN
ger-290	31	40	gifted	gift	VERB
ger-290	31	41	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	31	42	of	of	ADP
ger-290	31	43	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	31	44	47	47	NUM
ger-290	31	45	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-290	31	46	in	in	ADP
ger-290	31	47	all	all	DET
ger-290	31	48	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	31	49	in	in	ADP
ger-290	31	50	general	general	ADJ
ger-290	31	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	31	52	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	31	53	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	31	54	of	of	ADP
ger-290	31	55	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	31	56	in	in	ADP
ger-290	31	57	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-290	31	58	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	32	1	to	to	PART
ger-290	32	2	do	do	AUX
ger-290	32	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	32	4	latter	latter	ADJ
ger-290	32	5	is	be	AUX
ger-290	32	6	to	to	PART
ger-290	32	7	make	make	VERB
ger-290	32	8	a	a	DET
ger-290	32	9	concerted	concerted	ADJ
ger-290	32	10	effort	effort	NOUN
ger-290	32	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	32	12	challenge	challenge	VERB
ger-290	32	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	32	14	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	32	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	32	16	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	32	17	surrounding	surround	VERB
ger-290	32	18	this	this	DET
ger-290	32	19	coveted	covet	VERB
ger-290	32	20	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	32	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	32	22	social	social	ADJ
ger-290	32	23	space	space	NOUN
ger-290	32	24	to	to	PART
ger-290	32	25	achieve	achieve	VERB
ger-290	32	26	excellence	excellence	NOUN
ger-290	32	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	32	28	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	32	29	for	for	ADP
ger-290	32	30	under	under	ADV
ger-290	32	31	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	32	32	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	32	33	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	32	34	of	of	ADP
ger-290	32	35	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	32	36	in	in	ADP
ger-290	32	37	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	32	38	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	32	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	33	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	33	2	diversification	diversification	NOUN
ger-290	33	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	33	4	such	such	ADJ
ger-290	33	5	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	33	6	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	33	7	would	would	AUX
ger-290	33	8	afford	afford	VERB
ger-290	33	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	33	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	33	11	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	33	12	a	a	DET
ger-290	33	13	just	just	ADJ
ger-290	33	14	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	33	15	to	to	PART
ger-290	33	16	fully	fully	ADV
ger-290	33	17	develop	develop	VERB
ger-290	33	18	their	their	PRON
ger-290	33	19	unique	unique	ADJ
ger-290	33	20	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	33	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	33	22	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-290	33	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	33	24	while	while	SCONJ
ger-290	33	25	expanding	expand	VERB
ger-290	33	26	common	common	ADJ
ger-290	33	27	notions	notion	NOUN
ger-290	33	28	of	of	ADP
ger-290	33	29	what	what	PRON
ger-290	33	30	it	it	PRON
ger-290	33	31	means	mean	VERB
ger-290	33	32	to	to	PART
ger-290	33	33	be	be	AUX
ger-290	33	34	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	33	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	34	1	we	we	PRON
ger-290	34	2	define	define	VERB
ger-290	34	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	34	4	discuss	discuss	VERB
ger-290	34	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	34	6	terms	term	NOUN
ger-290	34	7	ignorant	ignorant	ADJ
ger-290	34	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	34	9	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	34	10	with	with	ADP
ger-290	34	11	respect	respect	NOUN
ger-290	34	12	to	to	ADP
ger-290	34	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	34	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	34	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	34	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	34	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	34	18	by	by	ADP
ger-290	34	19	extension	extension	NOUN
ger-290	34	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	34	21	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	34	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	34	23	ib	ib	PROPN
ger-290	34	24	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	34	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	34	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	34	27	followed	follow	VERB
ger-290	34	28	by	by	ADP
ger-290	34	29	a	a	DET
ger-290	34	30	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ger-290	34	31	of	of	ADP
ger-290	34	32	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	34	33	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	34	34	as	as	ADP
ger-290	34	35	virtually	virtually	ADV
ger-290	34	36	a	a	DET
ger-290	34	37	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	34	38	space	space	NOUN
ger-290	34	39	reserved	reserve	VERB
ger-290	34	40	for	for	ADP
ger-290	34	41	a	a	DET
ger-290	34	42	select	select	ADJ
ger-290	34	43	few	few	ADJ
ger-290	34	44	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
ger-290	34	45	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	34	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	35	1	next	next	ADV
ger-290	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	35	3	we	we	PRON
ger-290	35	4	present	present	VERB
ger-290	35	5	an	an	DET
ger-290	35	6	overview	overview	NOUN
ger-290	35	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	35	8	the	the	DET
ger-290	35	9	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	35	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	35	11	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	35	12	of	of	ADP
ger-290	35	13	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	35	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	35	15	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	35	16	in	in	ADP
ger-290	35	17	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	35	18	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	35	19	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	35	20	documented	document	VERB
ger-290	35	21	by	by	ADP
ger-290	35	22	the	the	DET
ger-290	35	23	office	office	NOUN
ger-290	35	24	for	for	ADP
ger-290	35	25	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	35	26	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	35	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	35	28	ocr	ocr	NOUN
ger-290	35	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	35	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	36	1	we	we	PRON
ger-290	36	2	then	then	ADV
ger-290	36	3	discuss	discuss	VERB
ger-290	36	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	36	5	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-290	36	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	36	7	these	these	DET
ger-290	36	8	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	36	9	regarding	regard	VERB
ger-290	36	10	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	36	11	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	36	12	for	for	ADP
ger-290	36	13	non	non	ADJ
ger-290	36	14	-	-	ADJ
ger-290	36	15	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	36	16	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	36	17	gaining	gain	VERB
ger-290	36	18	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	36	19	to	to	ADP
ger-290	36	20	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	36	21	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	36	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	37	1	finally	finally	ADV
ger-290	37	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	37	3	we	we	PRON
ger-290	37	4	offer	offer	VERB
ger-290	37	5	a	a	DET
ger-290	37	6	set	set	NOUN
ger-290	37	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	37	8	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ger-290	37	9	for	for	ADP
ger-290	37	10	achieving	achieve	VERB
ger-290	37	11	excellence	excellence	NOUN
ger-290	37	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	37	13	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	37	14	in	in	ADP
ger-290	37	15	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	37	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	37	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	38	1	demystifying	demystify	VERB
ger-290	38	2	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	38	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	38	4	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	38	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	38	6	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	38	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	38	8	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	38	9	can	can	AUX
ger-290	38	10	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
ger-290	38	11	be	be	AUX
ger-290	38	12	characterized	characterize	VERB
ger-290	38	13	by	by	ADP
ger-290	38	14	a	a	DET
ger-290	38	15	lack	lack	NOUN
ger-290	38	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	38	17	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	38	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	38	19	described	describe	VERB
ger-290	38	20	as	as	ADP
ger-290	38	21	a	a	DET
ger-290	38	22	state	state	NOUN
ger-290	38	23	of	of	ADP
ger-290	38	24	being	be	AUX
ger-290	38	25	uninformed	uninformed	ADJ
ger-290	38	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	38	27	see	see	VERB
ger-290	38	28	cho	cho	PROPN
ger-290	38	29	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	38	30	decastroambrosetti	decastroambrosetti	PROPN
ger-290	38	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	38	32	2005	2005	NUM
ger-290	38	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	38	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	39	1	however	however	ADV
ger-290	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	39	3	not	not	PART
ger-290	39	4	knowing	know	VERB
ger-290	39	5	by	by	ADP
ger-290	39	6	choice	choice	NOUN
ger-290	39	7	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	39	8	circumstance	circumstance	NOUN
ger-290	39	9	does	do	AUX
ger-290	39	10	not	not	PART
ger-290	39	11	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ger-290	39	12	mean	mean	VERB
ger-290	39	13	an	an	DET
ger-290	39	14	inability	inability	NOUN
ger-290	39	15	to	to	PART
ger-290	39	16	learn	learn	VERB
ger-290	39	17	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	39	18	to	to	PART
ger-290	39	19	know	know	VERB
ger-290	39	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	40	1	based	base	VERB
ger-290	40	2	on	on	ADP
ger-290	40	3	this	this	DET
ger-290	40	4	definition	definition	NOUN
ger-290	40	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	40	6	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	40	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	40	8	not	not	PART
ger-290	40	9	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ger-290	40	10	a	a	DET
ger-290	40	11	steady	steady	ADJ
ger-290	40	12	condition	condition	NOUN
ger-290	40	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	41	1	there	there	PRON
ger-290	41	2	are	be	VERB
ger-290	41	3	those	those	PRON
ger-290	41	4	who	who	PRON
ger-290	41	5	emerge	emerge	VERB
ger-290	41	6	from	from	ADP
ger-290	41	7	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	41	8	into	into	ADP
ger-290	41	9	a	a	DET
ger-290	41	10	space	space	NOUN
ger-290	41	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	41	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	41	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	41	14	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ger-290	41	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	41	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	41	17	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN
ger-290	41	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	42	1	that	that	PRON
ger-290	42	2	is	is	ADV
ger-290	42	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	42	4	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	42	5	can	can	AUX
ger-290	42	6	be	be	AUX
ger-290	42	7	overcome	overcome	VERB
ger-290	42	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	42	9	revised	revise	VERB
ger-290	42	10	just	just	ADV
ger-290	42	11	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	42	12	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ger-290	42	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	42	14	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-290	42	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	42	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	42	17	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	42	18	regarding	regard	VERB
ger-290	42	19	who	who	PRON
ger-290	42	20	is	be	AUX
ger-290	42	21	in	in	ADP
ger-290	42	22	possession	possession	NOUN
ger-290	42	23	of	of	ADP
ger-290	42	24	gifts	gift	NOUN
ger-290	42	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	42	26	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	42	27	across	across	ADP
ger-290	42	28	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	42	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	42	30	class	class	NOUN
ger-290	42	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	42	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	42	33	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-290	42	34	can	can	AUX
ger-290	42	35	be	be	AUX
ger-290	42	36	challenged	challenge	VERB
ger-290	42	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	43	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-290	43	2	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
ger-290	43	3	misinterpreted	misinterpret	VERB
ger-290	43	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	43	5	equated	equate	VERB
ger-290	43	6	with	with	ADP
ger-290	43	7	stupidity	stupidity	NOUN
ger-290	43	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	43	9	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	43	10	is	be	AUX
ger-290	43	11	not	not	PART
ger-290	43	12	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ger-290	43	13	synonymous	synonymous	ADJ
ger-290	43	14	with	with	ADP
ger-290	43	15	a	a	DET
ger-290	43	16	lack	lack	NOUN
ger-290	43	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	43	18	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	43	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	43	20	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN
ger-290	43	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	43	22	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ger-290	43	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	43	24	competence	competence	NOUN
ger-290	43	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	43	26	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	43	27	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	43	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	44	1	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	44	2	discussed	discuss	VERB
ger-290	44	3	previously	previously	ADV
ger-290	44	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	44	5	segregated	segregate	VERB
ger-290	44	6	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	44	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	44	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	44	9	by	by	ADP
ger-290	44	10	extension	extension	NOUN
ger-290	44	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	44	12	segregated	segregate	VERB
ger-290	44	13	neighborhoods	neighborhood	NOUN
ger-290	44	14	are	be	AUX
ger-290	44	15	not	not	PART
ger-290	44	16	mere	mere	ADJ
ger-290	44	17	examples	example	NOUN
ger-290	44	18	of	of	ADP
ger-290	44	19	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	44	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	44	21	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	44	22	an	an	DET
ger-290	44	23	active	active	ADJ
ger-290	44	24	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	44	25	steering	steering	NOUN
ger-290	44	26	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	44	27	borne	bear	VERB
ger-290	44	28	out	out	ADP
ger-290	44	29	of	of	ADP
ger-290	44	30	slavery	slavery	NOUN
ger-290	44	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	44	32	jim	jim	PROPN
ger-290	44	33	crow	crow	PROPN
ger-290	44	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	45	1	per	per	ADP
ger-290	45	2	allport	allport	NOUN
ger-290	45	3	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	45	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	45	5	1954	1954	NUM
ger-290	45	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	45	7	degrees	degree	NOUN
ger-290	45	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	45	9	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN
ger-290	45	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	45	11	one	one	PRON
ger-290	45	12	must	must	AUX
ger-290	45	13	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
ger-290	45	14	between	between	ADP
ger-290	45	15	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
ger-290	45	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	45	17	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	45	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	46	1	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	46	2	flight	flight	NOUN
ger-290	46	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	46	4	which	which	PRON
ger-290	46	5	can	can	AUX
ger-290	46	6	be	be	AUX
ger-290	46	7	seen	see	VERB
ger-290	46	8	in	in	ADP
ger-290	46	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	46	10	creation	creation	NOUN
ger-290	46	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	46	12	suburbs	suburb	NOUN
ger-290	46	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	46	14	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	46	15	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	46	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	46	17	is	be	AUX
ger-290	46	18	one	one	NUM
ger-290	46	19	example	example	NOUN
ger-290	46	20	of	of	ADP
ger-290	46	21	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
ger-290	46	22	that	that	PRON
ger-290	46	23	results	result	VERB
ger-290	46	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	46	25	segregated	segregated	ADJ
ger-290	46	26	communities	community	NOUN
ger-290	46	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	46	28	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	46	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	47	1	people	people	NOUN
ger-290	47	2	are	be	AUX
ger-290	47	3	entitled	entitle	VERB
ger-290	47	4	to	to	PART
ger-290	47	5	live	live	VERB
ger-290	47	6	where	where	SCONJ
ger-290	47	7	they	they	PRON
ger-290	47	8	choose	choose	VERB
ger-290	47	9	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	47	10	however	however	ADV
ger-290	47	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	47	12	creating	create	VERB
ger-290	47	13	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-290	47	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	47	15	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ger-290	47	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	47	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	47	18	laws	law	NOUN
ger-290	47	19	that	that	PRON
ger-290	47	20	do	do	AUX
ger-290	47	21	not	not	PART
ger-290	47	22	allow	allow	VERB
ger-290	47	23	people	people	NOUN
ger-290	47	24	of	of	ADP
ger-290	47	25	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	47	26	to	to	PART
ger-290	47	27	live	live	VERB
ger-290	47	28	in	in	ADP
ger-290	47	29	suburbs	suburb	NOUN
ger-290	47	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	47	31	to	to	PART
ger-290	47	32	participate	participate	VERB
ger-290	47	33	in	in	ADP
ger-290	47	34	certain	certain	ADJ
ger-290	47	35	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	47	36	can	can	AUX
ger-290	47	37	be	be	AUX
ger-290	47	38	tantamount	tantamount	ADJ
ger-290	47	39	to	to	ADP
ger-290	47	40	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	47	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	48	1	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	48	3	to	to	PART
ger-290	48	4	ignore	ignore	VERB
ger-290	48	5	is	be	AUX
ger-290	48	6	to	to	PART
ger-290	48	7	be	be	AUX
ger-290	48	8	ignorant	ignorant	ADJ
ger-290	48	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	48	10	to	to	PART
ger-290	48	11	be	be	AUX
ger-290	48	12	ignorant	ignorant	ADJ
ger-290	48	13	is	be	AUX
ger-290	48	14	to	to	PART
ger-290	48	15	engage	engage	VERB
ger-290	48	16	in	in	ADP
ger-290	48	17	an	an	DET
ger-290	48	18	active	active	ADJ
ger-290	48	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	48	20	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
ger-290	48	21	intentionally	intentionally	ADV
ger-290	48	22	conscious	conscious	ADJ
ger-290	48	23	state	state	NOUN
ger-290	48	24	of	of	ADP
ger-290	48	25	not	not	PART
ger-290	48	26	paying	pay	VERB
ger-290	48	27	attention	attention	NOUN
ger-290	48	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	48	29	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	48	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	48	31	genesis	genesis	NOUN
ger-290	48	32	amnesia	amnesia	NOUN
ger-290	48	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	49	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	49	2	order	order	NOUN
ger-290	49	3	to	to	PART
ger-290	49	4	maintain	maintain	VERB
ger-290	49	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	49	6	status	status	NOUN
ger-290	49	7	quo	quo	NOUN
ger-290	49	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	49	9	social	social	ADJ
ger-290	49	10	order	order	NOUN
ger-290	49	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	49	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	50	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	50	2	summary	summary	NOUN
ger-290	50	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	50	4	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	50	5	is	be	AUX
ger-290	50	6	not	not	PART
ger-290	50	7	a	a	DET
ger-290	50	8	stagnant	stagnant	ADJ
ger-290	50	9	construct	construct	NOUN
ger-290	50	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	50	11	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	50	12	rather	rather	ADV
ger-290	50	13	a	a	DET
ger-290	50	14	mental	mental	ADJ
ger-290	50	15	state	state	NOUN
ger-290	50	16	perpetuated	perpetuate	VERB
ger-290	50	17	by	by	ADP
ger-290	50	18	choice	choice	NOUN
ger-290	50	19	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	50	20	circumstance	circumstance	NOUN
ger-290	50	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	51	1	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	51	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	51	3	on	on	ADP
ger-290	51	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	51	5	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	51	6	hand	hand	NOUN
ger-290	51	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	51	8	is	be	AUX
ger-290	51	9	apathy	apathy	NOUN
ger-290	51	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	52	1	it	it	PRON
ger-290	52	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	52	3	a	a	DET
ger-290	52	4	psychological	psychological	ADJ
ger-290	52	5	situation	situation	NOUN
ger-290	52	6	centered	center	VERB
ger-290	52	7	on	on	ADP
ger-290	52	8	a	a	DET
ger-290	52	9	lack	lack	NOUN
ger-290	52	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	52	11	compassion	compassion	NOUN
ger-290	52	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	52	13	sympathy	sympathy	NOUN
ger-290	52	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	52	15	empathy	empathy	NOUN
ger-290	52	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	52	17	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	52	18	concern	concern	NOUN
ger-290	52	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	53	1	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	53	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	53	3	in	in	ADP
ger-290	53	4	relation	relation	NOUN
ger-290	53	5	to	to	ADP
ger-290	53	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	53	7	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	53	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	53	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	53	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	53	11	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	53	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	53	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	53	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	53	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	53	16	highlights	highlight	VERB
ger-290	53	17	a	a	DET
ger-290	53	18	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ger-290	53	19	lack	lack	NOUN
ger-290	53	20	of	of	ADP
ger-290	53	21	concern	concern	NOUN
ger-290	53	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	53	23	despite	despite	SCONJ
ger-290	53	24	the	the	DET
ger-290	53	25	preponderance	preponderance	NOUN
ger-290	53	26	of	of	ADP
ger-290	53	27	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-290	53	28	to	to	ADP
ger-290	53	29	the	the	DET
ger-290	53	30	contrary	contrary	NOUN
ger-290	53	31	that	that	PRON
ger-290	53	32	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ger-290	53	33	inequity	inequity	NOUN
ger-290	53	34	in	in	ADP
ger-290	53	35	the	the	DET
ger-290	53	36	referral	referral	NOUN
ger-290	53	37	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	53	38	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	53	39	process	process	NOUN
ger-290	53	40	of	of	ADP
ger-290	53	41	those	those	PRON
ger-290	53	42	from	from	ADP
ger-290	53	43	under	under	ADV
ger-290	53	44	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	53	45	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	53	46	groups	group	NOUN
ger-290	53	47	notwithstanding	notwithstanding	ADP
ger-290	53	48	issues	issue	NOUN
ger-290	53	49	pertaining	pertain	VERB
ger-290	53	50	to	to	ADP
ger-290	53	51	retention	retention	NOUN
ger-290	53	52	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	53	53	see	see	VERB
ger-290	53	54	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	53	55	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	53	56	2013a	2013a	NUM
ger-290	53	57	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	53	58	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	53	59	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	53	60	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	53	61	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	53	62	2015	2015	NUM
ger-290	53	63	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	53	64	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	54	1	unchecked	unchecked	ADJ
ger-290	54	2	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	54	3	has	have	VERB
ger-290	54	4	48	48	NUM
ger-290	54	5	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	54	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	54	7	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	54	8	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ger-290	54	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	55	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	55	2	potential	potential	NOUN
ger-290	55	3	to	to	PART
ger-290	55	4	encourage	encourage	VERB
ger-290	55	5	individuals	individual	NOUN
ger-290	55	6	to	to	PART
ger-290	55	7	remain	remain	VERB
ger-290	55	8	distant	distant	ADJ
ger-290	55	9	from	from	ADP
ger-290	55	10	a	a	DET
ger-290	55	11	situation	situation	NOUN
ger-290	55	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	55	13	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ger-290	55	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	55	15	conflict	conflict	NOUN
ger-290	55	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	55	17	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	55	18	confrontation	confrontation	NOUN
ger-290	55	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	55	20	not	not	PART
ger-290	55	21	caring	care	VERB
ger-290	55	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	55	23	in	in	ADP
ger-290	55	24	this	this	DET
ger-290	55	25	case	case	NOUN
ger-290	55	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	55	27	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	55	28	there	there	PRON
ger-290	55	29	has	have	AUX
ger-290	55	30	historically	historically	ADV
ger-290	55	31	been	be	AUX
ger-290	55	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	55	33	continues	continue	VERB
ger-290	55	34	to	to	PART
ger-290	55	35	be	be	AUX
ger-290	55	36	limited	limit	VERB
ger-290	55	37	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	55	38	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ger-290	55	39	in	in	ADP
ger-290	55	40	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	55	41	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	55	42	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	55	43	in	in	ADP
ger-290	55	44	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	55	45	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	55	46	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	55	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	56	1	we	we	PRON
ger-290	56	2	assert	assert	VERB
ger-290	56	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	56	4	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-290	56	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	56	6	that	that	PRON
ger-290	56	7	to	to	PART
ger-290	56	8	be	be	AUX
ger-290	56	9	indifferent	indifferent	ADJ
ger-290	56	10	to	to	ADP
ger-290	56	11	this	this	DET
ger-290	56	12	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ger-290	56	13	lack	lack	NOUN
ger-290	56	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	56	15	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	56	16	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	56	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	56	18	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	56	19	to	to	PART
ger-290	56	20	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	56	21	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	56	22	is	be	AUX
ger-290	56	23	to	to	PART
ger-290	56	24	engage	engage	VERB
ger-290	56	25	in	in	ADP
ger-290	56	26	an	an	DET
ger-290	56	27	active	active	ADJ
ger-290	56	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	56	29	conscious	conscious	ADJ
ger-290	56	30	state	state	NOUN
ger-290	56	31	of	of	ADP
ger-290	56	32	aloofness	aloofness	NOUN
ger-290	56	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	56	34	inattention	inattention	NOUN
ger-290	56	35	in	in	ADP
ger-290	56	36	order	order	NOUN
ger-290	56	37	to	to	PART
ger-290	56	38	maintain	maintain	VERB
ger-290	56	39	the	the	DET
ger-290	56	40	status	status	NOUN
ger-290	56	41	quo	quo	NOUN
ger-290	56	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	57	1	taken	take	VERB
ger-290	57	2	together	together	ADV
ger-290	57	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	57	4	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	57	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	57	6	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	57	7	seem	seem	VERB
ger-290	57	8	to	to	PART
ger-290	57	9	bleed	bleed	VERB
ger-290	57	10	into	into	ADP
ger-290	57	11	one	one	NUM
ger-290	57	12	another	another	DET
ger-290	57	13	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	57	14	however	however	ADV
ger-290	57	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	57	16	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	57	17	one	one	PRON
ger-290	57	18	considers	consider	VERB
ger-290	57	19	the	the	DET
ger-290	57	20	kind	kind	NOUN
ger-290	57	21	of	of	ADP
ger-290	57	22	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	57	23	associated	associate	VERB
ger-290	57	24	with	with	ADP
ger-290	57	25	under	under	ADV
ger-290	57	26	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	57	27	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	57	28	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	57	29	of	of	ADP
ger-290	57	30	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	57	31	in	in	ADP
ger-290	57	32	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	57	33	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	57	34	in	in	ADP
ger-290	57	35	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	57	36	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	57	37	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	57	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	57	39	it	it	PRON
ger-290	57	40	is	be	AUX
ger-290	57	41	not	not	PART
ger-290	57	42	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ger-290	57	43	the	the	DET
ger-290	57	44	unconscious	unconscious	ADJ
ger-290	57	45	kind	kind	NOUN
ger-290	57	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	57	47	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	57	48	thought	think	VERB
ger-290	57	49	of	of	ADP
ger-290	57	50	as	as	ADP
ger-290	57	51	a	a	DET
ger-290	57	52	gap	gap	NOUN
ger-290	57	53	in	in	ADP
ger-290	57	54	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	57	55	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	57	56	as	as	ADP
ger-290	57	57	an	an	DET
ger-290	57	58	epistemic	epistemic	ADJ
ger-290	57	59	oversight	oversight	NOUN
ger-290	57	60	that	that	PRON
ger-290	57	61	easily	easily	ADV
ger-290	57	62	could	could	AUX
ger-290	57	63	be	be	AUX
ger-290	57	64	remedied	remedied	ADJ
ger-290	57	65	once	once	SCONJ
ger-290	57	66	it	it	PRON
ger-290	57	67	has	have	AUX
ger-290	57	68	been	be	AUX
ger-290	57	69	noticed	notice	VERB
ger-290	57	70	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	57	71	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	57	72	sullivan	sullivan	PROPN
ger-290	57	73	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	57	74	turana	turana	PROPN
ger-290	57	75	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	57	76	2007	2007	NUM
ger-290	57	77	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	57	78	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-290	57	79	1	1	NUM
ger-290	57	80	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	57	81	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	58	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-290	58	2	this	this	DET
ger-290	58	3	kind	kind	NOUN
ger-290	58	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	58	5	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	58	6	exists	exist	VERB
ger-290	58	7	in	in	ADP
ger-290	58	8	abundance	abundance	NOUN
ger-290	58	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	58	10	there	there	PRON
ger-290	58	11	is	be	VERB
ger-290	58	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	58	13	manufactured	manufacture	VERB
ger-290	58	14	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	58	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	58	16	conscious	conscious	ADJ
ger-290	58	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	58	18	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	58	19	we	we	PRON
ger-290	58	20	argue	argue	VERB
ger-290	58	21	is	be	AUX
ger-290	58	22	not	not	PART
ger-290	58	23	simply	simply	ADV
ger-290	58	24	based	base	VERB
ger-290	58	25	on	on	ADP
ger-290	58	26	innocent	innocent	ADJ
ger-290	58	27	gaps	gap	NOUN
ger-290	58	28	in	in	ADP
ger-290	58	29	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	58	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	58	31	rather	rather	ADV
ger-290	58	32	it	it	PRON
ger-290	58	33	is	be	AUX
ger-290	58	34	an	an	DET
ger-290	58	35	example	example	NOUN
ger-290	58	36	of	of	ADP
ger-290	58	37	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	58	38	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	58	39	actively	actively	ADV
ger-290	58	40	produced	produce	VERB
ger-290	58	41	for	for	ADP
ger-290	58	42	purposes	purpose	NOUN
ger-290	58	43	of	of	ADP
ger-290	58	44	domination	domination	NOUN
ger-290	58	45	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	58	46	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
ger-290	58	47	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	58	48	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	58	49	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-290	58	50	1	1	NUM
ger-290	58	51	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	58	52	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	59	1	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
ger-290	59	2	can	can	AUX
ger-290	59	3	be	be	AUX
ger-290	59	4	added	add	VERB
ger-290	59	5	to	to	ADP
ger-290	59	6	this	this	DET
ger-290	59	7	manufactured	manufacture	VERB
ger-290	59	8	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	59	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	60	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	60	2	kind	kind	NOUN
ger-290	60	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	60	4	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	60	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	60	6	we	we	PRON
ger-290	60	7	contend	contend	VERB
ger-290	60	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	60	9	has	have	VERB
ger-290	60	10	little	little	ADJ
ger-290	60	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	60	12	do	do	VERB
ger-290	60	13	with	with	ADP
ger-290	60	14	a	a	DET
ger-290	60	15	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-290	60	16	lack	lack	NOUN
ger-290	60	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	60	18	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	60	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	60	20	emptiness	emptiness	NOUN
ger-290	60	21	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	60	22	even	even	ADV
ger-290	60	23	a	a	DET
ger-290	60	24	passive	passive	ADJ
ger-290	60	25	state	state	NOUN
ger-290	60	26	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	60	27	rather	rather	ADV
ger-290	60	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	60	29	it	it	PRON
ger-290	60	30	is	be	AUX
ger-290	60	31	situated	situate	VERB
ger-290	60	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	60	33	situational	situational	ADJ
ger-290	60	34	with	with	ADP
ger-290	60	35	historical	historical	ADJ
ger-290	60	36	roots	root	NOUN
ger-290	60	37	in	in	ADP
ger-290	60	38	the	the	DET
ger-290	60	39	eugenics	eugenic	NOUN
ger-290	60	40	movement	movement	NOUN
ger-290	60	41	that	that	PRON
ger-290	60	42	protected	protect	VERB
ger-290	60	43	intentional	intentional	ADJ
ger-290	60	44	negligence	negligence	NOUN
ger-290	60	45	with	with	ADP
ger-290	60	46	respect	respect	NOUN
ger-290	60	47	to	to	ADP
ger-290	60	48	historically	historically	ADV
ger-290	60	49	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
ger-290	60	50	groups	group	NOUN
ger-290	60	51	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	61	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	61	2	kind	kind	NOUN
ger-290	61	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	61	4	historical	historical	ADJ
ger-290	61	5	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	61	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	61	7	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	61	8	brings	bring	VERB
ger-290	61	9	us	we	PRON
ger-290	61	10	to	to	ADP
ger-290	61	11	the	the	DET
ger-290	61	12	unpacking	unpacking	NOUN
ger-290	61	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	61	14	this	this	PRON
ger-290	61	15	invisible	invisible	ADJ
ger-290	61	16	[	[	X
ger-290	61	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	61	18	we	we	PRON
ger-290	61	19	argue	argue	VERB
ger-290	61	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	61	21	visible	visible	ADJ
ger-290	61	22	]	]	X
ger-290	61	23	backpack	backpack	NOUN
ger-290	61	24	of	of	ADP
ger-290	61	25	white	white	PROPN
ger-290	61	26	privilege	privilege	PROPN
ger-290	61	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	61	28	mcintosh	mcintosh	PROPN
ger-290	61	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	61	30	1988	1988	NUM
ger-290	61	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	61	32	with	with	ADP
ger-290	61	33	regard	regard	NOUN
ger-290	61	34	to	to	ADP
ger-290	61	35	the	the	DET
ger-290	61	36	poor	poor	ADJ
ger-290	61	37	referral	referral	NOUN
ger-290	61	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	61	39	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	61	40	process	process	NOUN
ger-290	61	41	of	of	ADP
ger-290	61	42	under	under	ADV
ger-290	61	43	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	61	44	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	61	45	groups	group	NOUN
ger-290	61	46	in	in	ADP
ger-290	61	47	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	61	48	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	61	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	62	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	62	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	62	3	sections	section	NOUN
ger-290	62	4	that	that	PRON
ger-290	62	5	follow	follow	VERB
ger-290	62	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	62	7	we	we	PRON
ger-290	62	8	provide	provide	VERB
ger-290	62	9	various	various	ADJ
ger-290	62	10	examples	example	NOUN
ger-290	62	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	62	12	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	62	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	62	14	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	62	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	62	16	some	some	DET
ger-290	62	17	ways	way	NOUN
ger-290	62	18	in	in	ADP
ger-290	62	19	which	which	PRON
ger-290	62	20	they	they	PRON
ger-290	62	21	have	have	AUX
ger-290	62	22	been	be	AUX
ger-290	62	23	constructed	construct	VERB
ger-290	62	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	62	25	perpetuated	perpetuate	VERB
ger-290	62	26	in	in	ADP
ger-290	62	27	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	62	28	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	62	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	63	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	63	2	active	active	ADJ
ger-290	63	3	production	production	NOUN
ger-290	63	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	63	5	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	63	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	63	7	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	63	8	explained	explain	VERB
ger-290	63	9	herein	herein	NOUN
ger-290	63	10	has	have	AUX
ger-290	63	11	been	be	AUX
ger-290	63	12	maintained	maintain	VERB
ger-290	63	13	for	for	ADP
ger-290	63	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	63	15	sole	sole	ADJ
ger-290	63	16	purpose	purpose	NOUN
ger-290	63	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	63	18	keeping	keep	VERB
ger-290	63	19	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	63	20	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	63	21	as	as	ADP
ger-290	63	22	a	a	DET
ger-290	63	23	relative	relative	ADJ
ger-290	63	24	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	63	25	space	space	NOUN
ger-290	63	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	64	1	a	a	DET
ger-290	64	2	space	space	NOUN
ger-290	64	3	that	that	PRON
ger-290	64	4	refuses	refuse	VERB
ger-290	64	5	to	to	PART
ger-290	64	6	allow	allow	VERB
ger-290	64	7	under	under	ADP
ger-290	64	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	64	9	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	64	10	groups	group	NOUN
ger-290	64	11	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	64	12	to	to	ADP
ger-290	64	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	64	14	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
ger-290	64	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	64	16	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	64	17	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	64	18	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	64	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	64	20	see	see	VERB
ger-290	64	21	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	64	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	64	23	2013a	2013a	NUM
ger-290	64	24	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	64	25	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	64	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	64	27	2015	2015	NUM
ger-290	64	28	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	64	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	65	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ger-290	65	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	65	3	this	this	DET
ger-290	65	4	active	active	ADJ
ger-290	65	5	production	production	NOUN
ger-290	65	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	65	7	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	65	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	65	9	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	65	10	supported	support	VERB
ger-290	65	11	by	by	ADP
ger-290	65	12	a	a	DET
ger-290	65	13	system	system	NOUN
ger-290	65	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	65	15	inequitable	inequitable	ADJ
ger-290	65	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ger-290	65	17	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	65	18	has	have	AUX
ger-290	65	19	been	be	AUX
ger-290	65	20	strategically	strategically	ADV
ger-290	65	21	used	use	VERB
ger-290	65	22	to	to	PART
ger-290	65	23	protect	protect	VERB
ger-290	65	24	the	the	DET
ger-290	65	25	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	65	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	65	27	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	65	28	of	of	ADP
ger-290	65	29	the	the	DET
ger-290	65	30	racially	racially	ADV
ger-290	65	31	privileged	privileged	ADJ
ger-290	65	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	65	33	by	by	ADP
ger-290	65	34	extension	extension	NOUN
ger-290	65	35	giving	give	VERB
ger-290	65	36	them	they	PRON
ger-290	65	37	a	a	DET
ger-290	65	38	license	license	NOUN
ger-290	65	39	to	to	PART
ger-290	65	40	remain	remain	VERB
ger-290	65	41	ignorant	ignorant	ADJ
ger-290	65	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	65	43	oblivious	oblivious	ADJ
ger-290	65	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	65	45	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	65	46	arrogant	arrogant	ADJ
ger-290	65	47	regarding	regard	VERB
ger-290	65	48	who	who	PRON
ger-290	65	49	belongs	belong	VERB
ger-290	65	50	in	in	ADP
ger-290	65	51	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	65	52	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	65	53	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	65	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	66	1	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	66	2	faces	face	NOUN
ger-290	66	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	66	4	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	66	5	spaces	space	NOUN
ger-290	66	6	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	66	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	66	8	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	66	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	66	10	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	66	11	alluded	allude	VERB
ger-290	66	12	to	to	ADP
ger-290	66	13	previously	previously	ADV
ger-290	66	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	66	15	have	have	AUX
ger-290	66	16	long	long	ADV
ger-290	66	17	been	be	AUX
ger-290	66	18	a	a	DET
ger-290	66	19	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	66	20	space	space	NOUN
ger-290	66	21	-overenrolled	-overenrolle	VERB
ger-290	66	22	by	by	ADP
ger-290	66	23	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	66	24	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	66	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	66	26	taught	teach	VERB
ger-290	66	27	by	by	ADP
ger-290	66	28	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	66	29	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	66	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	66	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	66	32	protected	protect	VERB
ger-290	66	33	by	by	ADP
ger-290	66	34	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	66	35	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-290	66	36	class	class	NOUN
ger-290	66	37	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-290	66	38	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	66	39	kohn	kohn	PROPN
ger-290	66	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	66	41	1998	1998	NUM
ger-290	66	42	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	66	43	sapon	sapon	ADV
ger-290	66	44	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	66	45	shevin	shevin	NOUN
ger-290	66	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	66	47	1996	1996	NUM
ger-290	66	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	66	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	67	1	historically	historically	ADV
ger-290	67	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	67	3	advocates	advocate	NOUN
ger-290	67	4	for	for	ADP
ger-290	67	5	greater	great	ADJ
ger-290	67	6	numbers	number	NOUN
ger-290	67	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	67	8	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	67	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	67	10	brown	brown	ADJ
ger-290	67	11	faces	face	NOUN
ger-290	67	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	67	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	67	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	67	15	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ger-290	67	16	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	67	17	have	have	AUX
ger-290	67	18	been	be	AUX
ger-290	67	19	confronted	confront	VERB
ger-290	67	20	by	by	ADP
ger-290	67	21	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	67	22	power	power	NOUN
ger-290	67	23	brokers	broker	NOUN
ger-290	67	24	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	67	25	establishments	establishment	NOUN
ger-290	67	26	that	that	PRON
ger-290	67	27	view	view	VERB
ger-290	67	28	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-290	67	29	as	as	ADP
ger-290	67	30	a	a	DET
ger-290	67	31	deficit	deficit	NOUN
ger-290	67	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	67	33	uphold	uphold	VERB
ger-290	67	34	biased	biased	ADJ
ger-290	67	35	views	view	NOUN
ger-290	67	36	of	of	ADP
ger-290	67	37	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ger-290	67	38	that	that	PRON
ger-290	67	39	maintain	maintain	VERB
ger-290	67	40	the	the	DET
ger-290	67	41	white	white	PROPN
ger-290	67	42	enrollment	enrollment	PROPN
ger-290	67	43	status	status	NOUN
ger-290	67	44	quo	quo	PROPN
ger-290	67	45	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	67	46	baldwin	baldwin	PROPN
ger-290	67	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	67	48	1987	1987	NUM
ger-290	67	49	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	67	50	frasier	frasier	NOUN
ger-290	67	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	67	52	1987	1987	NUM
ger-290	67	53	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	67	54	hilliard	hilliard	NOUN
ger-290	67	55	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	67	56	1990	1990	NUM
ger-290	67	57	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	67	58	torrance	torrance	NOUN
ger-290	67	59	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	67	60	1974	1974	NUM
ger-290	67	61	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	67	62	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	68	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	68	2	numbers	number	NOUN
ger-290	68	3	reveal	reveal	VERB
ger-290	68	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	68	5	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
ger-290	68	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	68	7	segregated	segregated	ADJ
ger-290	68	8	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	68	9	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	68	10	under	under	ADP
ger-290	68	11	the	the	DET
ger-290	68	12	guise	guise	NOUN
ger-290	68	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	68	14	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	68	15	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	68	16	opposed	oppose	VERB
ger-290	68	17	to	to	ADP
ger-290	68	18	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	68	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	69	1	since	since	SCONJ
ger-290	69	2	2002	2002	NUM
ger-290	69	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	69	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	69	5	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	69	6	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	69	7	department	department	PROPN
ger-290	69	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	69	9	education	education	PROPN
ger-290	69	10	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	69	11	office	office	NOUN
ger-290	69	12	of	of	ADP
ger-290	69	13	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	69	14	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	69	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	69	16	ocr	ocr	NOUN
ger-290	69	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	69	18	has	have	AUX
ger-290	69	19	collected	collect	VERB
ger-290	69	20	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	69	21	on	on	ADP
ger-290	69	22	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	69	23	districts	district	NOUN
ger-290	69	24	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	69	25	documented	document	VERB
ger-290	69	26	in	in	ADP
ger-290	69	27	its	its	PRON
ger-290	69	28	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	69	29	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	69	30	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	69	31	collection	collection	NOUN
ger-290	69	32	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	69	33	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	69	34	of	of	ADP
ger-290	69	35	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	69	36	49	49	NUM
ger-290	69	37	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	69	38	www.ocrdata.ed.gov	www.ocrdata.ed.gov	NOUN
ger-290	69	39	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	69	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	70	1	each	each	DET
ger-290	70	2	year	year	NOUN
ger-290	70	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	70	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	70	5	ocr	ocr	NOUN
ger-290	70	6	has	have	AUX
ger-290	70	7	found	find	VERB
ger-290	70	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	70	9	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	70	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	70	11	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	70	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	70	13	are	be	AUX
ger-290	70	14	under	under	ADV
ger-290	70	15	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	70	16	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	70	17	in	in	ADP
ger-290	70	18	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	70	19	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	70	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	71	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	71	2	most	most	ADV
ger-290	71	3	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-290	71	4	ocr	ocr	ADJ
ger-290	71	5	data	data	NOUN
ger-290	71	6	collection	collection	NOUN
ger-290	71	7	was	be	AUX
ger-290	71	8	during	during	ADP
ger-290	71	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	71	10	20112012	20112012	NUM
ger-290	71	11	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	71	12	year	year	NOUN
ger-290	71	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	71	14	which	which	PRON
ger-290	71	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	71	16	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	71	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	71	18	comprised	comprise	VERB
ger-290	71	19	19	19	NUM
ger-290	71	20	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	71	21	of	of	ADP
ger-290	71	22	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	71	23	enrolled	enrol	VERB
ger-290	71	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	71	25	public	public	ADJ
ger-290	71	26	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	71	27	across	across	ADP
ger-290	71	28	the	the	DET
ger-290	71	29	country	country	NOUN
ger-290	71	30	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	71	31	only	only	ADV
ger-290	71	32	10	10	NUM
ger-290	71	33	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	71	34	of	of	ADP
ger-290	71	35	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	71	36	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	71	37	were	be	AUX
ger-290	71	38	identified	identify	VERB
ger-290	71	39	as	as	ADP
ger-290	71	40	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	71	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	72	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	72	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	72	3	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ
ger-290	72	4	to	to	ADP
ger-290	72	5	almost	almost	ADV
ger-290	72	6	a	a	DET
ger-290	72	7	50	50	NUM
ger-290	72	8	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	72	9	discrepancy	discrepancy	NOUN
ger-290	72	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	73	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-290	73	2	representing	represent	VERB
ger-290	73	3	25	25	NUM
ger-290	73	4	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	73	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	73	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	73	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	73	8	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	73	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	73	10	comprise	comprise	VERB
ger-290	73	11	only	only	ADV
ger-290	73	12	16	16	NUM
ger-290	73	13	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	73	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	73	15	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	73	16	in	in	ADP
ger-290	73	17	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	73	18	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	73	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	73	20	roughly	roughly	ADV
ger-290	73	21	a	a	DET
ger-290	73	22	40	40	NUM
ger-290	73	23	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	73	24	discrepancy	discrepancy	NOUN
ger-290	73	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	74	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	74	2	equates	equate	VERB
ger-290	74	3	to	to	ADP
ger-290	74	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	74	5	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	74	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	74	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	74	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	74	9	approximately	approximately	ADV
ger-290	74	10	500,000	500,000	NUM
ger-290	74	11	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	74	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	74	13	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	74	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	74	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	75	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	75	2	wide	wide	ADJ
ger-290	75	3	disparity	disparity	NOUN
ger-290	75	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	75	5	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	75	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	75	7	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	75	8	is	be	AUX
ger-290	75	9	not	not	PART
ger-290	75	10	new	new	ADJ
ger-290	75	11	to	to	ADP
ger-290	75	12	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	75	13	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	75	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	76	1	rather	rather	ADV
ger-290	76	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	76	3	this	this	PRON
ger-290	76	4	has	have	AUX
ger-290	76	5	become	become	VERB
ger-290	76	6	indicative	indicative	ADJ
ger-290	76	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	76	8	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	76	9	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	76	10	spaces	space	NOUN
ger-290	76	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	77	1	one	one	NUM
ger-290	77	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	77	3	hard	hard	ADV
ger-290	77	4	pressed	pressed	ADJ
ger-290	77	5	to	to	PART
ger-290	77	6	find	find	VERB
ger-290	77	7	a	a	DET
ger-290	77	8	district	district	NOUN
ger-290	77	9	where	where	SCONJ
ger-290	77	10	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	77	11	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	77	12	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	77	13	does	do	AUX
ger-290	77	14	not	not	PART
ger-290	77	15	exist	exist	VERB
ger-290	77	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	77	17	yet	yet	CCONJ
ger-290	77	18	it	it	PRON
ger-290	77	19	is	be	AUX
ger-290	77	20	protected	protect	VERB
ger-290	77	21	under	under	ADP
ger-290	77	22	so	so	ADV
ger-290	77	23	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	77	24	called	call	VERB
ger-290	77	25	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	77	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	77	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	77	28	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	77	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	77	30	deemed	deem	VERB
ger-290	77	31	to	to	PART
ger-290	77	32	be	be	AUX
ger-290	77	33	unintentional	unintentional	ADJ
ger-290	77	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	78	1	regardless	regardless	ADV
ger-290	78	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	78	3	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-290	78	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	78	5	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	78	6	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
ger-290	78	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	78	8	majority	majority	NOUN
ger-290	78	9	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	78	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	78	11	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	78	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	78	13	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	78	14	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ger-290	78	15	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	78	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	78	17	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	78	18	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	78	19	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	78	20	represent	represent	VERB
ger-290	78	21	a	a	DET
ger-290	78	22	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	78	23	space	space	NOUN
ger-290	78	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	78	25	public	public	ADJ
ger-290	78	26	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	78	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	78	28	akin	akin	ADJ
ger-290	78	29	to	to	ADP
ger-290	78	30	segregation	segregation	NOUN
ger-290	78	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	79	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	79	2	remnants	remnant	NOUN
ger-290	79	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	79	4	these	these	DET
ger-290	79	5	segregated	segregate	VERB
ger-290	79	6	spaces	space	NOUN
ger-290	79	7	are	be	AUX
ger-290	79	8	echoed	echo	VERB
ger-290	79	9	in	in	ADP
ger-290	79	10	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ger-290	79	11	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	79	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	79	13	i.e.	i.e.	X
ger-290	79	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	79	15	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	79	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	79	17	ib	ib	PROPN
ger-290	79	18	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	79	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	79	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	79	21	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-290	79	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	79	23	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	79	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	79	25	colleges	college	NOUN
ger-290	79	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	79	27	universities	university	NOUN
ger-290	79	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	79	29	employment	employment	NOUN
ger-290	79	30	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	79	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	79	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	80	1	according	accord	VERB
ger-290	80	2	to	to	ADP
ger-290	80	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	80	4	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	80	5	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	80	6	department	department	PROPN
ger-290	80	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	80	8	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	80	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	80	10	the	the	DET
ger-290	80	11	office	office	NOUN
ger-290	80	12	of	of	ADP
ger-290	80	13	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	80	14	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	80	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	80	16	the	the	DET
ger-290	80	17	pipeline	pipeline	NOUN
ger-290	80	18	to	to	PART
ger-290	80	19	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	80	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	80	21	ib	ib	PROPN
ger-290	80	22	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	80	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	80	24	elite	elite	ADJ
ger-290	80	25	colleges	college	NOUN
ger-290	80	26	is	be	AUX
ger-290	80	27	also	also	ADV
ger-290	80	28	racially	racially	ADV
ger-290	80	29	segregated	segregate	VERB
ger-290	80	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	81	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	81	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	81	3	problematic	problematic	ADJ
ger-290	81	4	because	because	SCONJ
ger-290	81	5	these	these	DET
ger-290	81	6	spaces	space	NOUN
ger-290	81	7	are	be	AUX
ger-290	81	8	often	often	ADV
ger-290	81	9	filled	fill	VERB
ger-290	81	10	by	by	ADP
ger-290	81	11	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	81	12	with	with	ADP
ger-290	81	13	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	81	14	to	to	ADP
ger-290	81	15	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	81	16	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	81	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	82	1	ocr	ocr	ADJ
ger-290	82	2	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	82	3	reveal	reveal	VERB
ger-290	82	4	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	82	5	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	82	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	82	7	ib	ib	PROPN
ger-290	82	8	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	82	9	are	be	AUX
ger-290	82	10	extensively	extensively	ADV
ger-290	82	11	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	82	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	82	13	see	see	VERB
ger-290	82	14	http://ocrdata.ed.gov/statenationalestimation	http://ocrdata.ed.gov/statenationalestimation	NOUN
ger-290	82	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	82	16	consequently	consequently	ADV
ger-290	82	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	82	18	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	82	19	to	to	PART
ger-290	82	20	enroll	enroll	VERB
ger-290	82	21	in	in	ADP
ger-290	82	22	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	82	23	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	82	24	are	be	AUX
ger-290	82	25	limited	limit	VERB
ger-290	82	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	82	27	end	end	VERB
ger-290	82	28	up	up	ADP
ger-290	82	29	being	be	AUX
ger-290	82	30	racially	racially	ADV
ger-290	82	31	identifiable	identifiable	ADJ
ger-290	82	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	83	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	83	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	83	3	counselors	counselor	NOUN
ger-290	83	4	are	be	AUX
ger-290	83	5	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	83	6	level	level	NOUN
ger-290	83	7	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
ger-290	83	8	because	because	SCONJ
ger-290	83	9	they	they	PRON
ger-290	83	10	operate	operate	VERB
ger-290	83	11	with	with	ADP
ger-290	83	12	relative	relative	ADJ
ger-290	83	13	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
ger-290	83	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	84	1	as	as	ADP
ger-290	84	2	a	a	DET
ger-290	84	3	result	result	NOUN
ger-290	84	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	84	5	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	84	6	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	84	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	84	8	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	84	9	for	for	ADP
ger-290	84	10	under	under	ADV
ger-290	84	11	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	84	12	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	84	13	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	84	14	are	be	AUX
ger-290	84	15	hindered	hinder	VERB
ger-290	84	16	due	due	ADP
ger-290	84	17	to	to	ADP
ger-290	84	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	84	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	84	20	counselor	counselor	NOUN
ger-290	84	21	biases	bias	NOUN
ger-290	84	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	84	23	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	84	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	84	25	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	84	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	84	27	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	84	28	all	all	DET
ger-290	84	29	three	three	NUM
ger-290	84	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	85	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	85	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	85	3	habitually	habitually	ADV
ger-290	85	4	manifested	manifest	VERB
ger-290	85	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	85	6	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	85	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	85	8	referrals	referral	NOUN
ger-290	85	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	85	10	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	85	11	well	well	ADV
ger-290	85	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	85	13	intentioned	intentione	VERB
ger-290	85	14	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	85	15	discouragement	discouragement	NOUN
ger-290	85	16	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	85	17	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	85	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	85	19	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	85	20	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	85	21	express	express	VERB
ger-290	85	22	interest	interest	NOUN
ger-290	85	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	86	1	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	86	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	86	3	grantham	grantham	PROPN
ger-290	86	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	86	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	86	6	whiting	whiting	NOUN
ger-290	86	7	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	86	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	86	9	2008	2008	NUM
ger-290	86	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	86	11	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	86	12	found	find	VERB
ger-290	86	13	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	86	14	all	all	DET
ger-290	86	15	studies	study	NOUN
ger-290	86	16	examining	examine	VERB
ger-290	86	17	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	86	18	referrals	referral	NOUN
ger-290	86	19	to	to	ADP
ger-290	86	20	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	86	21	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	86	22	revealed	reveal	VERB
ger-290	86	23	under	under	ADP
ger-290	86	24	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	86	25	referrals	referral	NOUN
ger-290	86	26	of	of	ADP
ger-290	86	27	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	86	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	86	29	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	86	30	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	86	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	86	32	over	over	ADP
ger-290	86	33	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	86	34	referrals	referral	NOUN
ger-290	86	35	of	of	ADP
ger-290	86	36	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	86	37	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	86	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	87	1	grissom	grissom	PROPN
ger-290	87	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	87	3	redding	redd	VERB
ger-290	87	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	87	5	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	87	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	87	7	found	find	VERB
ger-290	87	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	87	9	even	even	ADV
ger-290	87	10	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	87	11	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	87	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	87	13	have	have	VERB
ger-290	87	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	87	15	same	same	ADJ
ger-290	87	16	profile	profile	NOUN
ger-290	87	17	as	as	ADP
ger-290	87	18	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	87	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	87	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	87	21	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	87	22	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	87	23	still	still	ADV
ger-290	87	24	under	under	ADV
ger-290	87	25	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	87	26	refer	refer	VERB
ger-290	87	27	them	they	PRON
ger-290	87	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	88	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	88	2	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
ger-290	88	3	pattern	pattern	NOUN
ger-290	88	4	begs	beg	VERB
ger-290	88	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	88	6	question	question	NOUN
ger-290	88	7	-is	-is	ADP
ger-290	88	8	this	this	DET
ger-290	88	9	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	88	10	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	88	11	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	88	12	on	on	ADP
ger-290	88	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	88	14	part	part	NOUN
ger-290	88	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	88	16	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	88	17	who	who	PRON
ger-290	88	18	have	have	VERB
ger-290	88	19	the	the	DET
ger-290	88	20	authority	authority	NOUN
ger-290	88	21	to	to	PART
ger-290	88	22	refer	refer	VERB
ger-290	88	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	88	24	who	who	PRON
ger-290	88	25	have	have	VERB
ger-290	88	26	the	the	DET
ger-290	88	27	power	power	NOUN
ger-290	88	28	to	to	PART
ger-290	88	29	open	open	VERB
ger-290	88	30	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	88	31	close	close	ADJ
ger-290	88	32	doors	door	NOUN
ger-290	88	33	to	to	ADP
ger-290	88	34	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	88	35	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	88	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	88	37	ib	ib	PROPN
ger-290	88	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	88	39	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	88	40	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	88	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	88	42	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	88	43	related	related	ADJ
ger-290	88	44	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	88	45	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	89	1	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	89	2	steering	steering	NOUN
ger-290	89	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	89	4	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	89	5	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-290	89	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	89	7	class	class	NOUN
ger-290	89	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	89	9	into	into	ADP
ger-290	89	10	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	89	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	89	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	89	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	89	14	ap	ap	PROPN
ger-290	89	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	89	16	ib	ib	VERB
ger-290	89	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	89	18	is	be	AUX
ger-290	89	19	supported	support	VERB
ger-290	89	20	by	by	ADP
ger-290	89	21	narrow	narrow	ADJ
ger-290	89	22	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-290	89	23	of	of	ADP
ger-290	89	24	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	89	25	based	base	VERB
ger-290	89	26	primarily	primarily	ADV
ger-290	89	27	on	on	ADP
ger-290	89	28	iq	iq	NOUN
ger-290	89	29	scores	score	NOUN
ger-290	89	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	89	31	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ger-290	89	32	theories	theory	NOUN
ger-290	89	33	of	of	ADP
ger-290	89	34	normative	normative	ADJ
ger-290	89	35	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	89	36	based	base	VERB
ger-290	89	37	on	on	ADP
ger-290	89	38	high	high	ADJ
ger-290	89	39	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	89	40	income	income	NOUN
ger-290	89	41	whites	white	NOUN
ger-290	89	42	that	that	PRON
ger-290	89	43	subvert	subvert	VERB
ger-290	89	44	the	the	DET
ger-290	89	45	promise	promise	NOUN
ger-290	89	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	89	47	potential	potential	ADJ
ger-290	89	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	89	49	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	89	50	possibility	possibility	NOUN
ger-290	89	51	of	of	ADP
ger-290	89	52	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	89	53	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	89	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	89	55	especially	especially	ADV
ger-290	89	56	boys	boy	NOUN
ger-290	89	57	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	89	58	being	be	AUX
ger-290	89	59	referred	refer	VERB
ger-290	89	60	to	to	ADP
ger-290	89	61	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	89	62	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	89	63	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	89	64	wright	wright	PROPN
ger-290	89	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	89	66	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	89	67	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	89	68	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	89	69	walters	walters	PROPN
ger-290	89	70	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	89	71	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	89	72	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	89	73	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	90	1	as	as	ADP
ger-290	90	2	a	a	DET
ger-290	90	3	result	result	NOUN
ger-290	90	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	90	5	these	these	DET
ger-290	90	6	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-290	90	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	90	8	traditions	tradition	NOUN
ger-290	90	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	90	10	most	most	ADJ
ger-290	90	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	90	12	which	which	PRON
ger-290	90	13	have	have	AUX
ger-290	90	14	not	not	PART
ger-290	90	15	been	be	AUX
ger-290	90	16	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	90	17	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	90	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	90	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	90	20	the	the	DET
ger-290	90	21	strengths	strength	NOUN
ger-290	90	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	90	23	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	90	24	assets	asset	NOUN
ger-290	90	25	of	of	ADP
ger-290	90	26	non	non	ADJ
ger-290	90	27	-	-	ADJ
ger-290	90	28	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	90	29	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	90	30	that	that	PRON
ger-290	90	31	tend	tend	VERB
ger-290	90	32	to	to	PART
ger-290	90	33	manifest	manifest	VERB
ger-290	90	34	in	in	ADP
ger-290	90	35	their	their	PRON
ger-290	90	36	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ger-290	90	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	90	38	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-290	90	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	90	40	values	value	NOUN
ger-290	90	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	90	42	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	90	43	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	90	44	go	go	VERB
ger-290	90	45	unrecognized	unrecognized	ADJ
ger-290	90	46	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	90	47	unsupported	unsupported	ADJ
ger-290	90	48	in	in	ADP
ger-290	90	49	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	90	50	as	as	ADP
ger-290	90	51	a	a	DET
ger-290	90	52	viable	viable	ADJ
ger-290	90	53	pathway	pathway	NOUN
ger-290	90	54	to	to	ADP
ger-290	90	55	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	90	56	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	90	57	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	90	58	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	90	59	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	90	60	2010	2010	NUM
ger-290	90	61	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	90	62	2013a	2013a	NUM
ger-290	90	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	90	64	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	90	65	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	90	66	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	91	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ger-290	91	2	unique	unique	ADJ
ger-290	91	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	91	4	brilliant	brilliant	ADJ
ger-290	91	5	experiential	experiential	ADJ
ger-290	91	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	91	7	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	91	8	funds	fund	NOUN
ger-290	91	9	of	of	ADP
ger-290	91	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	91	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	91	12	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	91	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	91	14	brown	brown	ADJ
ger-290	91	15	faces	face	NOUN
ger-290	91	16	are	be	AUX
ger-290	91	17	denied	deny	VERB
ger-290	91	18	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	91	19	to	to	ADP
ger-290	91	20	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	91	21	spaces	space	NOUN
ger-290	91	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	91	23	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	91	24	noted	note	VERB
ger-290	91	25	below	below	ADV
ger-290	91	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	92	1	http://ocrdata.ed.gov/statenationalestimation	http://ocrdata.ed.gov/statenationalestimation	NOUN
ger-290	92	2	50	50	NUM
ger-290	92	3	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	92	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	92	5	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	92	6	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ger-290	92	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	92	8	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	92	9	denied	deny	VERB
ger-290	92	10	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	92	11	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	92	12	of	of	ADP
ger-290	92	13	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	92	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	92	15	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	92	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	92	17	a	a	DET
ger-290	92	18	closer	close	ADJ
ger-290	92	19	look	look	NOUN
ger-290	92	20	at	at	ADP
ger-290	92	21	the	the	DET
ger-290	92	22	contextual	contextual	ADJ
ger-290	92	23	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-290	92	24	mentioned	mention	VERB
ger-290	92	25	above	above	ADV
ger-290	92	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	92	27	as	as	ADP
ger-290	92	28	these	these	DET
ger-290	92	29	intersect	intersect	ADJ
ger-290	92	30	with	with	ADP
ger-290	92	31	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	92	32	in	in	ADP
ger-290	92	33	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-290	92	34	to	to	ADP
ger-290	92	35	the	the	DET
ger-290	92	36	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-290	92	37	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	92	38	of	of	ADP
ger-290	92	39	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	92	40	of	of	ADP
ger-290	92	41	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	92	42	in	in	ADP
ger-290	92	43	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	92	44	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	92	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	92	46	raises	raise	VERB
ger-290	92	47	two	two	NUM
ger-290	92	48	important	important	ADJ
ger-290	92	49	questions	question	NOUN
ger-290	92	50	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	92	51	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	92	52	1	1	X
ger-290	92	53	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	92	54	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	92	55	do	do	AUX
ger-290	92	56	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	92	57	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	92	58	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	92	59	directly	directly	ADV
ger-290	92	60	impact	impact	VERB
ger-290	92	61	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	92	62	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	92	63	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	92	64	to	to	ADP
ger-290	92	65	learning	learn	VERB
ger-290	92	66	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	92	67	in	in	ADP
ger-290	92	68	a	a	DET
ger-290	92	69	racially	racially	ADV
ger-290	92	70	stratified	stratified	ADJ
ger-290	92	71	society	society	NOUN
ger-290	92	72	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	93	1	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	93	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	93	3	2	2	X
ger-290	93	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	93	5	what	what	PRON
ger-290	93	6	are	be	AUX
ger-290	93	7	ways	way	NOUN
ger-290	93	8	in	in	ADP
ger-290	93	9	which	which	PRON
ger-290	93	10	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	93	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	93	12	individual	individual	ADJ
ger-290	93	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	93	14	can	can	AUX
ger-290	93	15	deny	deny	VERB
ger-290	93	16	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	93	17	limit	limit	VERB
ger-290	93	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	93	19	of	of	ADP
ger-290	93	20	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	93	21	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	93	22	to	to	ADP
ger-290	93	23	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	93	24	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	93	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	93	26	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ger-290	93	27	curricular	curricular	ADJ
ger-290	93	28	materials	material	NOUN
ger-290	93	29	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	94	1	these	these	PRON
ger-290	94	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	94	3	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	94	4	questions	question	NOUN
ger-290	94	5	are	be	AUX
ger-290	94	6	explored	explore	VERB
ger-290	94	7	in	in	ADP
ger-290	94	8	the	the	DET
ger-290	94	9	remaining	remain	VERB
ger-290	94	10	sections	section	NOUN
ger-290	94	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	94	12	this	this	DET
ger-290	94	13	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	94	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	95	1	sample	sample	NOUN
ger-290	95	2	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ger-290	95	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	95	4	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-290	95	5	grounded	ground	VERB
ger-290	95	6	in	in	ADP
ger-290	95	7	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	95	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	95	9	excellence	excellence	NOUN
ger-290	95	10	are	be	AUX
ger-290	95	11	provided	provide	VERB
ger-290	95	12	to	to	PART
ger-290	95	13	increase	increase	VERB
ger-290	95	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	95	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	95	16	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	95	17	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	95	18	to	to	ADP
ger-290	95	19	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	95	20	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	95	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	96	1	to	to	PART
ger-290	96	2	repeat	repeat	VERB
ger-290	96	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	96	4	we	we	PRON
ger-290	96	5	define	define	VERB
ger-290	96	6	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	96	7	as	as	ADP
ger-290	96	8	being	be	AUX
ger-290	96	9	fair	fair	ADJ
ger-290	96	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	96	11	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	96	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	96	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	96	14	impartial	impartial	ADJ
ger-290	96	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	96	16	especially	especially	ADV
ger-290	96	17	for	for	ADP
ger-290	96	18	those	those	PRON
ger-290	96	19	who	who	PRON
ger-290	96	20	have	have	VERB
ger-290	96	21	the	the	DET
ger-290	96	22	fewest	few	ADJ
ger-290	96	23	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-290	96	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	96	25	least	least	ADJ
ger-290	96	26	advocacy	advocacy	NOUN
ger-290	96	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	96	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	96	29	who	who	PRON
ger-290	96	30	have	have	AUX
ger-290	96	31	experienced	experience	VERB
ger-290	96	32	structural	structural	ADJ
ger-290	96	33	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ger-290	96	34	due	due	ADP
ger-290	96	35	to	to	ADP
ger-290	96	36	historical	historical	ADJ
ger-290	96	37	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
ger-290	96	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	97	1	we	we	PRON
ger-290	97	2	also	also	ADV
ger-290	97	3	provide	provide	VERB
ger-290	97	4	a	a	DET
ger-290	97	5	formula	formula	NOUN
ger-290	97	6	designed	design	VERB
ger-290	97	7	to	to	PART
ger-290	97	8	quantify	quantify	VERB
ger-290	97	9	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	97	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	97	11	in	in	ADP
ger-290	97	12	order	order	NOUN
ger-290	97	13	to	to	PART
ger-290	97	14	highlight	highlight	VERB
ger-290	97	15	these	these	DET
ger-290	97	16	inequities	inequity	NOUN
ger-290	97	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	98	1	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	98	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	98	3	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-290	98	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	98	5	a	a	DET
ger-290	98	6	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ger-290	98	7	on	on	ADP
ger-290	98	8	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	98	9	between	between	ADP
ger-290	98	10	1970	1970	NUM
ger-290	98	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	98	12	2001	2001	NUM
ger-290	98	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	98	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	98	15	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	98	16	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	98	17	department	department	PROPN
ger-290	98	18	of	of	ADP
ger-290	98	19	education	education	PROPN
ger-290	98	20	adopted	adopt	VERB
ger-290	98	21	six	six	NUM
ger-290	98	22	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-290	98	23	of	of	ADP
ger-290	98	24	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	98	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	99	1	however	however	ADV
ger-290	99	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	99	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	99	4	only	only	ADJ
ger-290	99	5	explicit	explicit	ADJ
ger-290	99	6	mention	mention	NOUN
ger-290	99	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	99	8	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	99	9	within	within	ADP
ger-290	99	10	these	these	DET
ger-290	99	11	six	six	NUM
ger-290	99	12	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-290	99	13	does	do	AUX
ger-290	99	14	not	not	PART
ger-290	99	15	appear	appear	VERB
ger-290	99	16	until	until	ADP
ger-290	99	17	1993	1993	NUM
ger-290	99	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	100	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	100	2	early	early	ADJ
ger-290	100	3	mention	mention	NOUN
ger-290	100	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	100	5	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	100	6	was	be	AUX
ger-290	100	7	colorblind	colorblind	ADJ
ger-290	100	8	because	because	SCONJ
ger-290	100	9	it	it	PRON
ger-290	100	10	failed	fail	VERB
ger-290	100	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	100	12	capture	capture	VERB
ger-290	100	13	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ger-290	100	14	in	in	ADP
ger-290	100	15	a	a	DET
ger-290	100	16	non	non	ADJ
ger-290	100	17	-	-	ADJ
ger-290	100	18	essentializing	essentializing	ADJ
ger-290	100	19	way	way	NOUN
ger-290	100	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	101	1	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	101	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	101	4	absence	absence	NOUN
ger-290	101	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	101	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	101	7	nuances	nuance	NOUN
ger-290	101	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	101	9	complexities	complexity	NOUN
ger-290	101	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	101	11	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	101	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	101	13	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-290	101	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	101	15	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	101	16	is	be	AUX
ger-290	101	17	cause	cause	NOUN
ger-290	101	18	for	for	ADP
ger-290	101	19	concern	concern	NOUN
ger-290	101	20	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	101	21	consideration	consideration	NOUN
ger-290	101	22	is	be	AUX
ger-290	101	23	given	give	VERB
ger-290	101	24	to	to	ADP
ger-290	101	25	the	the	DET
ger-290	101	26	belief	belief	NOUN
ger-290	101	27	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	101	28	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	101	29	is	be	AUX
ger-290	101	30	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
ger-290	101	31	to	to	ADP
ger-290	101	32	understanding	understand	VERB
ger-290	101	33	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-290	101	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	101	35	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	101	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	101	37	banks	bank	NOUN
ger-290	101	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	101	39	2001	2001	NUM
ger-290	101	40	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	101	41	lee	lee	PROPN
ger-290	101	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	101	43	2007	2007	NUM
ger-290	101	44	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	101	45	nasir	nasir	PROPN
ger-290	101	46	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	101	47	hand	hand	PROPN
ger-290	101	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	101	49	2006	2006	NUM
ger-290	101	50	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	101	51	nieto	nieto	PROPN
ger-290	101	52	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	101	53	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	101	54	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	101	55	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	102	1	for	for	ADP
ger-290	102	2	example	example	NOUN
ger-290	102	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	102	4	research	research	NOUN
ger-290	102	5	on	on	ADP
ger-290	102	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	102	7	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	102	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	102	9	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-290	102	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	102	11	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	102	12	of	of	ADP
ger-290	102	13	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	102	14	tends	tend	VERB
ger-290	102	15	to	to	PART
ger-290	102	16	define	define	VERB
ger-290	102	17	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	102	18	as	as	ADP
ger-290	102	19	a	a	DET
ger-290	102	20	system	system	NOUN
ger-290	102	21	of	of	ADP
ger-290	102	22	meanings	meaning	NOUN
ger-290	102	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	102	24	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	102	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	102	26	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
ger-290	102	27	across	across	ADP
ger-290	102	28	time	time	NOUN
ger-290	102	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	102	30	which	which	PRON
ger-290	102	31	individual	individual	ADJ
ger-290	102	32	members	member	NOUN
ger-290	102	33	carry	carry	VERB
ger-290	102	34	with	with	ADP
ger-290	102	35	them	they	PRON
ger-290	102	36	from	from	ADP
ger-290	102	37	place	place	NOUN
ger-290	102	38	to	to	ADP
ger-290	102	39	place	place	NOUN
ger-290	102	40	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	102	41	gutiérrez	gutiérrez	NOUN
ger-290	102	42	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	102	43	rogoff	rogoff	NOUN
ger-290	102	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	102	45	2003	2003	NUM
ger-290	102	46	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	102	47	young	young	ADJ
ger-290	102	48	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	102	49	young	young	ADJ
ger-290	102	50	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	102	51	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	102	52	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	102	53	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	103	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	103	2	problem	problem	NOUN
ger-290	103	3	with	with	ADP
ger-290	103	4	this	this	DET
ger-290	103	5	view	view	NOUN
ger-290	103	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	103	7	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	103	8	is	be	AUX
ger-290	103	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	103	10	it	it	PRON
ger-290	103	11	characterizes	characterize	VERB
ger-290	103	12	individuals	individual	NOUN
ger-290	103	13	as	as	ADP
ger-290	103	14	somewhat	somewhat	ADV
ger-290	103	15	passive	passive	ADJ
ger-290	103	16	carriers	carrier	NOUN
ger-290	103	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	103	18	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	103	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	104	1	based	base	VERB
ger-290	104	2	on	on	ADP
ger-290	104	3	this	this	DET
ger-290	104	4	view	view	NOUN
ger-290	104	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	104	6	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	104	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	104	8	simply	simply	ADV
ger-290	104	9	a	a	DET
ger-290	104	10	set	set	NOUN
ger-290	104	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	104	12	rituals	ritual	NOUN
ger-290	104	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	104	14	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-290	104	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	104	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	104	17	fixed	fixed	ADJ
ger-290	104	18	traits	trait	NOUN
ger-290	104	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	105	1	such	such	DET
ger-290	105	2	an	an	DET
ger-290	105	3	operational	operational	ADJ
ger-290	105	4	definition	definition	NOUN
ger-290	105	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	105	6	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	105	7	contrasts	contrast	VERB
ger-290	105	8	with	with	ADP
ger-290	105	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	105	10	concept	concept	NOUN
ger-290	105	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	105	12	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	105	13	used	use	VERB
ger-290	105	14	to	to	PART
ger-290	105	15	describe	describe	VERB
ger-290	105	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	105	17	explain	explain	VERB
ger-290	105	18	the	the	DET
ger-290	105	19	gifts	gift	NOUN
ger-290	105	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	105	21	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	105	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	105	23	under	under	ADV
ger-290	105	24	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	105	25	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	105	26	populations	population	NOUN
ger-290	105	27	that	that	PRON
ger-290	105	28	often	often	ADV
ger-290	105	29	go	go	VERB
ger-290	105	30	unnoticed	unnoticed	ADJ
ger-290	105	31	in	in	ADP
ger-290	105	32	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	105	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	106	1	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	106	2	with	with	ADP
ger-290	106	3	respect	respect	NOUN
ger-290	106	4	to	to	ADP
ger-290	106	5	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	106	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	106	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	106	8	produced	produce	VERB
ger-290	106	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	106	10	reproduced	reproduce	VERB
ger-290	106	11	in	in	ADP
ger-290	106	12	moments	moment	NOUN
ger-290	106	13	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	106	14	people	people	NOUN
ger-290	106	15	do	do	VERB
ger-290	106	16	life	life	NOUN
ger-290	106	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	107	1	from	from	ADP
ger-290	107	2	this	this	DET
ger-290	107	3	standpoint	standpoint	NOUN
ger-290	107	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	107	5	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	107	6	is	be	AUX
ger-290	107	7	both	both	PRON
ger-290	107	8	carried	carry	VERB
ger-290	107	9	by	by	ADP
ger-290	107	10	individuals	individual	NOUN
ger-290	107	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	107	12	created	create	VERB
ger-290	107	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	107	14	moment	moment	NOUN
ger-290	107	15	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	107	16	to	to	ADP
ger-290	107	17	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	107	18	moment	moment	NOUN
ger-290	107	19	interactions	interaction	NOUN
ger-290	107	20	with	with	ADP
ger-290	107	21	one	one	NUM
ger-290	107	22	another	another	DET
ger-290	107	23	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	107	24	they	they	PRON
ger-290	107	25	participate	participate	VERB
ger-290	107	26	in	in	ADP
ger-290	107	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	107	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	107	29	reconstruct	reconstruct	VERB
ger-290	107	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	107	31	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	107	32	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	107	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	108	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	108	2	more	more	ADJ
ger-290	108	3	fluid	fluid	ADJ
ger-290	108	4	definition	definition	NOUN
ger-290	108	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	108	6	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	108	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	108	8	requisite	requisite	ADJ
ger-290	108	9	to	to	ADP
ger-290	108	10	the	the	DET
ger-290	108	11	current	current	ADJ
ger-290	108	12	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ger-290	108	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	109	1	drawing	draw	VERB
ger-290	109	2	on	on	ADP
ger-290	109	3	this	this	DET
ger-290	109	4	conceptualization	conceptualization	NOUN
ger-290	109	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	109	6	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	109	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	109	8	we	we	PRON
ger-290	109	9	assert	assert	VERB
ger-290	109	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	109	11	concur	concur	VERB
ger-290	109	12	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	109	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	109	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	109	15	are	be	AUX
ger-290	109	16	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	109	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	109	18	youth	youth	NOUN
ger-290	109	19	who	who	PRON
ger-290	109	20	possess	possess	VERB
ger-290	109	21	outstanding	outstanding	ADJ
ger-290	109	22	talent	talent	NOUN
ger-290	109	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	109	24	perform	perform	VERB
ger-290	109	25	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	109	26	show	show	VERB
ger-290	109	27	the	the	DET
ger-290	109	28	potential	potential	NOUN
ger-290	109	29	for	for	ADP
ger-290	109	30	performing	perform	VERB
ger-290	109	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	109	32	at	at	ADP
ger-290	109	33	remarkably	remarkably	ADV
ger-290	109	34	high	high	ADJ
ger-290	109	35	levels	level	NOUN
ger-290	109	36	of	of	ADP
ger-290	109	37	accomplishment	accomplishment	NOUN
ger-290	109	38	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	109	39	compared	compare	VERB
ger-290	109	40	with	with	ADP
ger-290	109	41	others	other	NOUN
ger-290	109	42	of	of	ADP
ger-290	109	43	their	their	PRON
ger-290	109	44	age	age	NOUN
ger-290	109	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	109	46	experience	experience	NOUN
ger-290	109	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	109	48	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	109	49	environment	environment	NOUN
ger-290	109	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	110	1	further	far	ADV
ger-290	110	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	110	3	we	we	PRON
ger-290	110	4	submit	submit	VERB
ger-290	110	5	that	that	DET
ger-290	110	6	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	110	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	110	8	multifaceted	multifacete	VERB
ger-290	110	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	110	10	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	110	11	are	be	AUX
ger-290	110	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	110	13	solutions	solution	NOUN
ger-290	110	14	to	to	ADP
ger-290	110	15	increasing	increase	VERB
ger-290	110	16	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	110	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	111	1	these	these	DET
ger-290	111	2	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	111	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	111	4	youth	youth	NOUN
ger-290	111	5	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
ger-290	111	6	high	high	ADJ
ger-290	111	7	performance	performance	NOUN
ger-290	111	8	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ger-290	111	9	in	in	ADP
ger-290	111	10	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
ger-290	111	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	111	12	creative	creative	ADJ
ger-290	111	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	111	14	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	111	15	artistic	artistic	ADJ
ger-290	111	16	areas	area	NOUN
ger-290	111	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	111	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	111	19	unusual	unusual	ADJ
ger-290	111	20	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ger-290	111	21	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ger-290	111	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	111	23	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	111	24	excel	excel	VERB
ger-290	111	25	in	in	ADP
ger-290	111	26	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-290	111	27	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-290	111	28	fields	field	NOUN
ger-290	111	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	112	1	they	they	PRON
ger-290	112	2	require	require	VERB
ger-290	112	3	services	service	NOUN
ger-290	112	4	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	112	5	activities	activity	NOUN
ger-290	112	6	not	not	PART
ger-290	112	7	typically	typically	ADV
ger-290	112	8	provided	provide	VERB
ger-290	112	9	by	by	ADP
ger-290	112	10	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	112	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	113	1	outstanding	outstanding	ADJ
ger-290	113	2	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	113	3	are	be	AUX
ger-290	113	4	present	present	ADJ
ger-290	113	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	113	6	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	113	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	113	8	youth	youth	NOUN
ger-290	113	9	from	from	ADP
ger-290	113	10	all	all	DET
ger-290	113	11	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	113	12	groups	group	NOUN
ger-290	113	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	113	14	across	across	ADP
ger-290	113	15	all	all	DET
ger-290	113	16	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-290	113	17	strata	strata	NOUN
ger-290	113	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	113	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	113	20	in	in	ADP
ger-290	113	21	all	all	DET
ger-290	113	22	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	113	23	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	113	24	of	of	ADP
ger-290	113	25	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	113	26	51	51	NUM
ger-290	113	27	areas	area	NOUN
ger-290	113	28	of	of	ADP
ger-290	113	29	human	human	ADJ
ger-290	113	30	endeavor	endeavor	NOUN
ger-290	113	31	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	113	32	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	113	33	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	113	34	department	department	PROPN
ger-290	113	35	of	of	ADP
ger-290	113	36	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	113	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	113	38	1993	1993	NUM
ger-290	113	39	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	113	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	114	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	114	2	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	114	3	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	114	4	definition	definition	NOUN
ger-290	114	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	114	6	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	114	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	114	8	essential	essential	ADJ
ger-290	114	9	to	to	ADP
ger-290	114	10	the	the	DET
ger-290	114	11	diversification	diversification	NOUN
ger-290	114	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	114	13	desegregation	desegregation	NOUN
ger-290	114	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	114	15	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	114	16	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	114	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	115	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	115	2	light	light	NOUN
ger-290	115	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	115	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	115	5	claim	claim	NOUN
ger-290	115	6	put	put	VERB
ger-290	115	7	forth	forth	ADP
ger-290	115	8	by	by	ADP
ger-290	115	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	115	10	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	115	11	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	115	12	department	department	PROPN
ger-290	115	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	115	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	115	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	115	16	an	an	DET
ger-290	115	17	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-290	115	18	on	on	ADP
ger-290	115	19	potential	potential	ADJ
ger-290	115	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	115	21	talent	talent	NOUN
ger-290	115	22	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	115	23	is	be	AUX
ger-290	115	24	both	both	PRON
ger-290	115	25	critically	critically	ADV
ger-290	115	26	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ger-290	115	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	115	28	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	115	29	in	in	ADP
ger-290	115	30	every	every	DET
ger-290	115	31	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-290	115	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	116	1	talent	talent	NOUN
ger-290	116	2	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	116	3	–	–	PUNCT
ger-290	116	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	116	5	focus	focus	NOUN
ger-290	116	6	on	on	ADP
ger-290	116	7	early	early	ADJ
ger-290	116	8	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	116	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	116	10	potential	potential	NOUN
ger-290	116	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	116	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	116	13	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ger-290	116	14	supports	support	NOUN
ger-290	116	15	–	–	PUNCT
ger-290	116	16	has	have	VERB
ger-290	116	17	the	the	DET
ger-290	116	18	capacity	capacity	NOUN
ger-290	116	19	to	to	PART
ger-290	116	20	recruit	recruit	VERB
ger-290	116	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	116	22	retain	retain	VERB
ger-290	116	23	under	under	ADV
ger-290	116	24	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	116	25	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	116	26	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	116	27	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	116	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	117	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	117	2	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	117	3	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	117	4	1993	1993	NUM
ger-290	117	5	definition	definition	NOUN
ger-290	117	6	addressed	address	VERB
ger-290	117	7	two	two	NUM
ger-290	117	8	historically	historically	ADV
ger-290	117	9	ignored	ignore	VERB
ger-290	117	10	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	117	11	trivialized	trivialized	ADJ
ger-290	117	12	notions	notion	NOUN
ger-290	117	13	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-290	117	14	to	to	ADP
ger-290	117	15	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	117	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	117	17	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-290	117	18	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-290	117	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	117	20	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	117	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	117	22	1	1	X
ger-290	117	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	117	24	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	117	25	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	117	26	must	must	AUX
ger-290	117	27	be	be	AUX
ger-290	117	28	compared	compare	VERB
ger-290	117	29	with	with	ADP
ger-290	117	30	others	other	NOUN
ger-290	117	31	not	not	PART
ger-290	117	32	just	just	ADV
ger-290	117	33	by	by	ADP
ger-290	117	34	age	age	NOUN
ger-290	117	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	117	36	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	117	37	also	also	ADV
ger-290	117	38	experience	experience	NOUN
ger-290	117	39	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	117	40	environment	environment	NOUN
ger-290	117	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	117	42	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	117	43	2	2	X
ger-290	117	44	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	117	45	outstanding	outstanding	ADJ
ger-290	117	46	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	117	47	are	be	AUX
ger-290	117	48	present	present	ADJ
ger-290	117	49	in	in	ADP
ger-290	117	50	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	117	51	from	from	ADP
ger-290	117	52	all	all	DET
ger-290	117	53	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	117	54	groups	group	NOUN
ger-290	117	55	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	117	56	across	across	ADP
ger-290	117	57	all	all	DET
ger-290	117	58	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-290	117	59	strata	strata	NOUN
ger-290	117	60	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	117	61	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	117	62	in	in	ADP
ger-290	117	63	all	all	DET
ger-290	117	64	areas	area	NOUN
ger-290	117	65	of	of	ADP
ger-290	117	66	human	human	ADJ
ger-290	117	67	endeavor	endeavor	NOUN
ger-290	117	68	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	118	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	118	2	definition	definition	NOUN
ger-290	118	3	calls	call	VERB
ger-290	118	4	for	for	ADP
ger-290	118	5	much	much	ADV
ger-290	118	6	needed	need	VERB
ger-290	118	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	118	8	long	long	ADJ
ger-290	118	9	overdue	overdue	ADJ
ger-290	118	10	attention	attention	NOUN
ger-290	118	11	to	to	ADP
ger-290	118	12	local	local	ADJ
ger-290	118	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	118	14	preferably	preferably	ADV
ger-290	118	15	building	build	VERB
ger-290	118	16	norms	norm	NOUN
ger-290	118	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	119	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-290	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	119	3	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	119	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	119	5	need	need	VERB
ger-290	119	6	to	to	PART
ger-290	119	7	be	be	AUX
ger-290	119	8	identified	identify	VERB
ger-290	119	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	119	10	served	serve	VERB
ger-290	119	11	in	in	ADP
ger-290	119	12	every	every	DET
ger-290	119	13	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	119	14	building	building	NOUN
ger-290	119	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	120	1	challenging	challenge	VERB
ger-290	120	2	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-290	120	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	120	4	theories	theory	NOUN
ger-290	120	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	120	6	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	120	7	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-290	120	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	120	9	theories	theory	NOUN
ger-290	120	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	120	11	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	120	12	are	be	AUX
ger-290	120	13	normed	norme	VERB
ger-290	120	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	120	15	conceptualized	conceptualize	VERB
ger-290	120	16	on	on	ADP
ger-290	120	17	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-290	120	18	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	120	19	class	class	NOUN
ger-290	120	20	whites	white	NOUN
ger-290	120	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	120	22	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	120	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	120	24	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	120	25	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	120	26	sternberg	sternberg	PROPN
ger-290	120	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	120	28	2007a	2007a	NUM
ger-290	120	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	120	30	2007b	2007b	NUM
ger-290	120	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	120	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	121	1	hence	hence	ADV
ger-290	121	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	121	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	121	4	system	system	NOUN
ger-290	121	5	inherently	inherently	ADV
ger-290	121	6	serves	serve	VERB
ger-290	121	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	121	8	privileges	privilege	VERB
ger-290	121	9	its	its	PRON
ger-290	121	10	target	target	NOUN
ger-290	121	11	population	population	NOUN
ger-290	121	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	122	1	such	such	ADJ
ger-290	122	2	theories	theory	NOUN
ger-290	122	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	122	4	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	122	5	have	have	AUX
ger-290	122	6	been	be	AUX
ger-290	122	7	operationalized	operationalize	VERB
ger-290	122	8	primarily	primarily	ADV
ger-290	122	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	122	10	almost	almost	ADV
ger-290	122	11	exclusively	exclusively	ADV
ger-290	122	12	by	by	ADP
ger-290	122	13	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ger-290	122	14	tests	test	NOUN
ger-290	122	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	122	16	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	122	17	tests	test	NOUN
ger-290	122	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	122	19	respectively	respectively	ADV
ger-290	122	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	123	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	123	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	123	3	majority	majority	NOUN
ger-290	123	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	123	5	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	123	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	123	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	123	8	must	must	AUX
ger-290	123	9	obtain	obtain	VERB
ger-290	123	10	an	an	DET
ger-290	123	11	iq	iq	NOUN
ger-290	123	12	score	score	NOUN
ger-290	123	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	123	14	130	130	NUM
ger-290	123	15	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	123	16	higher	high	ADJ
ger-290	123	17	to	to	PART
ger-290	123	18	be	be	AUX
ger-290	123	19	identified	identify	VERB
ger-290	123	20	as	as	ADP
ger-290	123	21	intellectually	intellectually	ADV
ger-290	123	22	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	123	23	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	123	24	they	they	PRON
ger-290	123	25	must	must	AUX
ger-290	123	26	score	score	VERB
ger-290	123	27	at	at	ADP
ger-290	123	28	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	123	29	above	above	ADP
ger-290	123	30	96th	96th	ADJ
ger-290	123	31	percentile	percentile	NOUN
ger-290	123	32	on	on	ADP
ger-290	123	33	an	an	DET
ger-290	123	34	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	123	35	test	test	NOUN
ger-290	123	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	124	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	124	2	system	system	NOUN
ger-290	124	3	is	be	AUX
ger-290	124	4	based	base	VERB
ger-290	124	5	on	on	ADP
ger-290	124	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	124	7	belief	belief	NOUN
ger-290	124	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	124	9	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	124	10	is	be	AUX
ger-290	124	11	synonymous	synonymous	ADJ
ger-290	124	12	with	with	ADP
ger-290	124	13	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ger-290	124	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	124	15	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	124	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	124	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	124	18	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	124	19	both	both	PRON
ger-290	124	20	can	can	AUX
ger-290	124	21	be	be	AUX
ger-290	124	22	measured	measure	VERB
ger-290	124	23	validly	validly	ADV
ger-290	124	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	124	25	reliably	reliably	ADV
ger-290	124	26	with	with	ADP
ger-290	124	27	standardized	standardized	ADJ
ger-290	124	28	tests	test	NOUN
ger-290	124	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	124	30	regardless	regardless	ADV
ger-290	124	31	of	of	ADP
ger-290	124	32	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	124	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	124	34	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	124	35	demographic	demographic	ADJ
ger-290	124	36	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-290	124	37	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	124	38	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	124	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	124	40	income	income	NOUN
ger-290	124	41	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	124	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	124	43	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	124	44	irrespective	irrespective	ADV
ger-290	124	45	of	of	ADP
ger-290	124	46	exposure	exposure	NOUN
ger-290	124	47	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	124	48	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	124	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	125	1	commonly	commonly	ADV
ger-290	125	2	cited	cite	VERB
ger-290	125	3	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	125	4	to	to	PART
ger-290	125	5	learn	learn	VERB
ger-290	125	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	125	7	such	such	ADJ
ger-290	125	8	as	as	ADP
ger-290	125	9	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	125	10	quality	quality	NOUN
ger-290	125	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	125	12	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ
ger-290	125	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-290	125	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	125	15	student	student	NOUN
ger-290	125	16	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-290	125	17	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ger-290	125	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	125	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	125	20	high	high	ADJ
ger-290	125	21	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-290	125	22	are	be	AUX
ger-290	125	23	absent	absent	ADJ
ger-290	125	24	from	from	ADP
ger-290	125	25	many	many	ADJ
ger-290	125	26	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	125	27	serving	serve	VERB
ger-290	125	28	large	large	ADJ
ger-290	125	29	populations	population	NOUN
ger-290	125	30	of	of	ADP
ger-290	125	31	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	125	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	125	33	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-290	125	34	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-290	125	35	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	125	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	125	37	boykin	boykin	PROPN
ger-290	125	38	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	125	39	noguera	noguera	PROPN
ger-290	125	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	125	41	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	125	42	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	125	43	delpit	delpit	PROPN
ger-290	125	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	125	45	2012	2012	NUM
ger-290	125	46	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	125	47	howard	howard	PROPN
ger-290	125	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	125	49	2014	2014	NUM
ger-290	125	50	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	125	51	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	126	1	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	126	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	126	3	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	126	4	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	126	5	is	be	AUX
ger-290	126	6	determined	determine	VERB
ger-290	126	7	almost	almost	ADV
ger-290	126	8	exclusively	exclusively	ADV
ger-290	126	9	on	on	ADP
ger-290	126	10	colorblind	colorblind	NOUN
ger-290	126	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	126	12	decontextualized	decontextualize	VERB
ger-290	126	13	cut	cut	NOUN
ger-290	126	14	scores	score	NOUN
ger-290	126	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	126	16	tools	tool	NOUN
ger-290	126	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	126	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	126	19	of	of	ADP
ger-290	126	20	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	126	21	are	be	AUX
ger-290	126	22	placed	place	VERB
ger-290	126	23	at	at	ADP
ger-290	126	24	a	a	DET
ger-290	126	25	substantial	substantial	ADJ
ger-290	126	26	disadvantage	disadvantage	NOUN
ger-290	126	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	127	1	such	such	ADJ
ger-290	127	2	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
ger-290	127	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	127	4	criteria	criterion	NOUN
ger-290	127	5	trivialize	trivialize	VERB
ger-290	127	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	127	7	ignore	ignore	VERB
ger-290	127	8	the	the	DET
ger-290	127	9	importance	importance	NOUN
ger-290	127	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	127	11	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	127	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	127	13	language	language	NOUN
ger-290	127	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	127	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	127	16	experience	experience	NOUN
ger-290	127	17	on	on	ADP
ger-290	127	18	test	test	NOUN
ger-290	127	19	performance	performance	NOUN
ger-290	127	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	127	21	which	which	PRON
ger-290	127	22	were	be	AUX
ger-290	127	23	rightfully	rightfully	ADV
ger-290	127	24	noted	note	VERB
ger-290	127	25	in	in	ADP
ger-290	127	26	the	the	DET
ger-290	127	27	1993	1993	NUM
ger-290	127	28	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-290	127	29	definition	definition	NOUN
ger-290	127	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	128	1	tests	test	NOUN
ger-290	128	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	128	3	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	128	4	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ger-290	128	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	128	6	checklists	checklist	NOUN
ger-290	128	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	128	8	nomination	nomination	NOUN
ger-290	128	9	forms	form	NOUN
ger-290	128	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	128	11	etc	etc	X
ger-290	128	12	.	.	X
ger-290	128	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	128	14	must	must	AUX
ger-290	128	15	be	be	AUX
ger-290	128	16	selected	select	VERB
ger-290	128	17	with	with	ADP
ger-290	128	18	the	the	DET
ger-290	128	19	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	128	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	128	21	language	language	NOUN
ger-290	128	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	128	23	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	128	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	128	25	mind	mind	NOUN
ger-290	128	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	128	27	along	along	ADP
ger-290	128	28	with	with	ADP
ger-290	128	29	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	128	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	129	1	to	to	PART
ger-290	129	2	do	do	AUX
ger-290	129	3	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
ger-290	129	4	is	be	AUX
ger-290	129	5	to	to	PART
ger-290	129	6	shortchange	shortchange	VERB
ger-290	129	7	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	129	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	129	9	of	of	ADP
ger-290	129	10	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	129	11	who	who	PRON
ger-290	129	12	are	be	AUX
ger-290	129	13	every	every	DET
ger-290	129	14	bit	bit	NOUN
ger-290	129	15	as	as	ADV
ger-290	129	16	capable	capable	ADJ
ger-290	129	17	as	as	ADP
ger-290	129	18	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	129	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	129	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	130	1	rethinking	rethink	VERB
ger-290	130	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	130	3	referral	referral	NOUN
ger-290	130	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	130	5	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	130	6	process	process	NOUN
ger-290	130	7	for	for	ADP
ger-290	130	8	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	130	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	130	10	to	to	PART
ger-290	130	11	increase	increase	VERB
ger-290	130	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	130	13	number	number	NOUN
ger-290	130	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	130	15	under	under	ADV
ger-290	130	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	130	17	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	130	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	130	19	of	of	ADP
ger-290	130	20	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	130	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	130	22	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	130	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	130	24	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	130	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	130	26	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	130	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	130	28	in	in	ADP
ger-290	130	29	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	130	30	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	130	31	will	will	AUX
ger-290	130	32	require	require	VERB
ger-290	130	33	more	more	ADJ
ger-290	130	34	than	than	ADP
ger-290	130	35	good	good	ADJ
ger-290	130	36	intentions	intention	NOUN
ger-290	130	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	131	1	good	good	ADJ
ger-290	131	2	intentions	intention	NOUN
ger-290	131	3	alone	alone	ADV
ger-290	131	4	will	will	AUX
ger-290	131	5	not	not	PART
ger-290	131	6	equip	equip	VERB
ger-290	131	7	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	131	8	with	with	ADP
ger-290	131	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	131	10	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-290	131	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	131	12	see	see	VERB
ger-290	131	13	potential	potential	NOUN
ger-290	131	14	where	where	SCONJ
ger-290	131	15	they	they	PRON
ger-290	131	16	do	do	AUX
ger-290	131	17	not	not	PART
ger-290	131	18	expect	expect	VERB
ger-290	131	19	to	to	PART
ger-290	131	20	find	find	VERB
ger-290	131	21	gifts	gift	NOUN
ger-290	131	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	131	23	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	131	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	132	1	for	for	ADP
ger-290	132	2	example	example	NOUN
ger-290	132	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	132	4	some	some	DET
ger-290	132	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	132	6	hold	hold	VERB
ger-290	132	7	negative	negative	ADJ
ger-290	132	8	stereotypes	stereotype	NOUN
ger-290	132	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	132	10	inaccurate	inaccurate	ADJ
ger-290	132	11	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ger-290	132	12	about	about	ADP
ger-290	132	13	52	52	NUM
ger-290	132	14	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	132	15	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	132	16	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	132	17	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ger-290	132	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	133	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	133	2	promise	promise	NOUN
ger-290	133	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	133	4	potential	potential	ADJ
ger-290	133	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	133	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	133	7	possibilities	possibility	NOUN
ger-290	133	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	133	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	133	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	133	11	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	133	12	to	to	PART
ger-290	133	13	engage	engage	VERB
ger-290	133	14	in	in	ADP
ger-290	133	15	superior	superior	ADJ
ger-290	133	16	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-290	133	17	performance	performance	NOUN
ger-290	133	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	133	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	133	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	133	21	grissom	grissom	PROPN
ger-290	133	22	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	133	23	redding	redding	PROPN
ger-290	133	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	133	25	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	133	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	133	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	134	1	these	these	DET
ger-290	134	2	negative	negative	ADJ
ger-290	134	3	stereotypes	stereotype	NOUN
ger-290	134	4	blind	blind	ADJ
ger-290	134	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	134	6	from	from	ADP
ger-290	134	7	the	the	DET
ger-290	134	8	brilliance	brilliance	NOUN
ger-290	134	9	of	of	ADP
ger-290	134	10	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	134	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	134	12	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	134	13	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	134	14	that	that	PRON
ger-290	134	15	emerges	emerge	VERB
ger-290	134	16	from	from	ADP
ger-290	134	17	their	their	PRON
ger-290	134	18	different	different	ADJ
ger-290	134	19	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	134	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	134	21	experiential	experiential	ADJ
ger-290	134	22	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-290	134	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	135	1	much	much	ADJ
ger-290	135	2	can	can	AUX
ger-290	135	3	be	be	AUX
ger-290	135	4	learned	learn	VERB
ger-290	135	5	from	from	ADP
ger-290	135	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	135	7	early	early	ADJ
ger-290	135	8	research	research	NOUN
ger-290	135	9	of	of	ADP
ger-290	135	10	fitz	fitz	NOUN
ger-290	135	11	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	135	12	gibbons	gibbon	NOUN
ger-290	135	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	135	14	1974	1974	NUM
ger-290	135	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	135	16	to	to	PART
ger-290	135	17	improve	improve	VERB
ger-290	135	18	the	the	DET
ger-290	135	19	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	135	20	referral	referral	NOUN
ger-290	135	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	135	22	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	135	23	process	process	NOUN
ger-290	135	24	for	for	ADP
ger-290	135	25	placement	placement	NOUN
ger-290	135	26	in	in	ADP
ger-290	135	27	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	135	28	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	135	29	of	of	ADP
ger-290	135	30	underrepresented	underrepresented	ADJ
ger-290	135	31	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	135	32	of	of	ADP
ger-290	135	33	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	135	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	135	35	who	who	PRON
ger-290	135	36	relative	relative	VERB
ger-290	135	37	to	to	ADP
ger-290	135	38	the	the	DET
ger-290	135	39	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	135	40	referral	referral	NOUN
ger-290	135	41	process	process	NOUN
ger-290	135	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	135	43	concluded	conclude	VERB
ger-290	135	44	this	this	PRON
ger-290	135	45	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	135	46	one	one	PRON
ger-290	135	47	might	might	AUX
ger-290	135	48	hazard	hazard	VERB
ger-290	135	49	the	the	DET
ger-290	135	50	generalization	generalization	NOUN
ger-290	135	51	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	135	52	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	135	53	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	135	54	judgments	judgment	NOUN
ger-290	135	55	are	be	AUX
ger-290	135	56	relied	rely	VERB
ger-290	135	57	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-290	135	58	for	for	ADP
ger-290	135	59	placement	placement	NOUN
ger-290	135	60	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	135	61	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	135	62	it	it	PRON
ger-290	135	63	is	be	AUX
ger-290	135	64	likely	likely	ADJ
ger-290	135	65	to	to	PART
ger-290	135	66	be	be	AUX
ger-290	135	67	the	the	DET
ger-290	135	68	child	child	NOUN
ger-290	135	69	who	who	PRON
ger-290	135	70	does	do	AUX
ger-290	135	71	not	not	PART
ger-290	135	72	relate	relate	VERB
ger-290	135	73	to	to	ADP
ger-290	135	74	the	the	DET
ger-290	135	75	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	135	76	who	who	PRON
ger-290	135	77	gets	get	AUX
ger-290	135	78	overlooked	overlook	VERB
ger-290	135	79	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	135	80	despite	despite	SCONJ
ger-290	135	81	the	the	DET
ger-290	135	82	fact	fact	NOUN
ger-290	135	83	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	135	84	his	his	PRON
ger-290	135	85	achievements	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	135	86	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	135	87	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-290	135	88	are	be	AUX
ger-290	135	89	equal	equal	ADJ
ger-290	135	90	to	to	ADP
ger-290	135	91	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	135	92	higher	high	ADJ
ger-290	135	93	than	than	ADP
ger-290	135	94	those	those	PRON
ger-290	135	95	of	of	ADP
ger-290	135	96	the	the	DET
ger-290	135	97	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	135	98	recognized	recognize	VERB
ger-290	135	99	as	as	ADP
ger-290	135	100	bright	bright	ADJ
ger-290	135	101	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	136	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	136	2	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-290	136	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	137	1	61	61	NUM
ger-290	137	2	-	-	SYM
ger-290	137	3	62	62	NUM
ger-290	137	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	137	5	to	to	PART
ger-290	137	6	repeat	repeat	VERB
ger-290	137	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	137	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-290	137	9	of	of	ADP
ger-290	137	10	this	this	DET
ger-290	137	11	mismatch	mismatch	NOUN
ger-290	137	12	between	between	ADP
ger-290	137	13	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	137	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	137	15	student	student	NOUN
ger-290	137	16	is	be	AUX
ger-290	137	17	cited	cite	VERB
ger-290	137	18	in	in	ADP
ger-290	137	19	the	the	DET
ger-290	137	20	research	research	NOUN
ger-290	137	21	of	of	ADP
ger-290	137	22	grissom	grissom	PROPN
ger-290	137	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	137	24	redding	redd	VERB
ger-290	137	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	137	26	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	137	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	137	28	who	who	PRON
ger-290	137	29	found	find	VERB
ger-290	137	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	137	31	even	even	ADV
ger-290	137	32	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	137	33	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	137	34	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	137	35	had	have	VERB
ger-290	137	36	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ
ger-290	137	37	scores	score	NOUN
ger-290	137	38	on	on	ADP
ger-290	137	39	relevant	relevant	ADJ
ger-290	137	40	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	137	41	measures	measure	NOUN
ger-290	137	42	compared	compare	VERB
ger-290	137	43	to	to	ADP
ger-290	137	44	their	their	PRON
ger-290	137	45	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	137	46	peers	peer	NOUN
ger-290	137	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	137	48	underidentification	underidentification	NOUN
ger-290	137	49	remained	remain	VERB
ger-290	137	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	138	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	138	2	pattern	pattern	NOUN
ger-290	138	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	138	4	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	138	5	persisted	persist	VERB
ger-290	138	6	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	138	7	controlling	control	VERB
ger-290	138	8	for	for	ADP
ger-290	138	9	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	138	10	background	background	NOUN
ger-290	138	11	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-290	138	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	138	13	such	such	ADJ
ger-290	138	14	as	as	ADP
ger-290	138	15	health	health	NOUN
ger-290	138	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	138	17	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
ger-290	138	18	status	status	NOUN
ger-290	138	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	138	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	138	21	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
ger-290	138	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	138	23	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	138	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	138	25	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	138	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	139	1	they	they	PRON
ger-290	139	2	concluded	conclude	VERB
ger-290	139	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	139	4	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	139	5	one	one	NUM
ger-290	139	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	139	7	the	the	DET
ger-290	139	8	mediating	mediate	VERB
ger-290	139	9	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-290	139	10	was	be	AUX
ger-290	139	11	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	139	12	discretion	discretion	NOUN
ger-290	139	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	140	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	140	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ger-290	140	3	to	to	ADP
ger-290	140	4	this	this	DET
ger-290	140	5	persistent	persistent	ADJ
ger-290	140	6	pattern	pattern	NOUN
ger-290	140	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	140	8	they	they	PRON
ger-290	140	9	also	also	ADV
ger-290	140	10	found	find	VERB
ger-290	140	11	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	140	12	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
ger-290	140	13	matched	match	VERB
ger-290	140	14	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	140	15	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	140	16	were	be	AUX
ger-290	140	17	more	more	ADV
ger-290	140	18	likely	likely	ADJ
ger-290	140	19	to	to	PART
ger-290	140	20	be	be	AUX
ger-290	140	21	identified	identify	VERB
ger-290	140	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	140	23	placed	place	VERB
ger-290	140	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	140	25	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	140	26	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	140	27	by	by	ADP
ger-290	140	28	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	140	29	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	140	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	141	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	141	2	effects	effect	NOUN
ger-290	141	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	141	4	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ger-290	141	5	matching	matching	NOUN
ger-290	141	6	are	be	AUX
ger-290	141	7	further	far	ADV
ger-290	141	8	explained	explain	VERB
ger-290	141	9	by	by	ADP
ger-290	141	10	the	the	DET
ger-290	141	11	higher	high	ADJ
ger-290	141	12	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-290	141	13	expressed	express	VERB
ger-290	141	14	by	by	ADP
ger-290	141	15	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	141	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	141	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	142	1	hence	hence	ADV
ger-290	142	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	142	3	we	we	PRON
ger-290	142	4	argue	argue	VERB
ger-290	142	5	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	142	6	an	an	DET
ger-290	142	7	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	142	8	referral	referral	NOUN
ger-290	142	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	142	10	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	142	11	process	process	NOUN
ger-290	142	12	is	be	AUX
ger-290	142	13	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-290	142	14	to	to	PART
ger-290	142	15	avoid	avoid	VERB
ger-290	142	16	the	the	DET
ger-290	142	17	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
ger-290	142	18	shortchanging	shortchanging	NOUN
ger-290	142	19	of	of	ADP
ger-290	142	20	underrepresented	underrepresented	ADJ
ger-290	142	21	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	142	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	142	23	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	142	24	with	with	ADP
ger-290	142	25	regard	regard	NOUN
ger-290	142	26	to	to	ADP
ger-290	142	27	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	142	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	142	29	placement	placement	NOUN
ger-290	142	30	in	in	ADP
ger-290	142	31	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	142	32	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	142	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	143	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	143	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	143	3	next	next	ADJ
ger-290	143	4	sections	section	NOUN
ger-290	143	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	143	6	we	we	PRON
ger-290	143	7	describe	describe	VERB
ger-290	143	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	143	9	explain	explain	VERB
ger-290	143	10	two	two	NUM
ger-290	143	11	formulas	formula	NOUN
ger-290	143	12	to	to	PART
ger-290	143	13	increase	increase	VERB
ger-290	143	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	143	15	numbers	number	NOUN
ger-290	143	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	143	17	underrepresented	underrepresented	ADJ
ger-290	143	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	143	19	of	of	ADP
ger-290	143	20	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	143	21	in	in	ADP
ger-290	143	22	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	143	23	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	143	24	to	to	PART
ger-290	143	25	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
ger-290	143	26	claims	claim	NOUN
ger-290	143	27	of	of	ADP
ger-290	143	28	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	143	29	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	143	30	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	143	31	under	under	ADP
ger-290	143	32	the	the	DET
ger-290	143	33	guise	guise	NOUN
ger-290	143	34	of	of	ADP
ger-290	143	35	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	143	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	144	1	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	144	2	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	144	3	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	144	4	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	144	5	formula	formula	NOUN
ger-290	144	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	144	7	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	144	8	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	144	9	formula	formula	NOUN
ger-290	144	10	several	several	ADJ
ger-290	144	11	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ger-290	145	1	can	can	AUX
ger-290	145	2	be	be	AUX
ger-290	145	3	used	use	VERB
ger-290	145	4	to	to	PART
ger-290	145	5	analyze	analyze	VERB
ger-290	145	6	disproportionality	disproportionality	NOUN
ger-290	145	7	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	145	8	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	145	9	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
ger-290	145	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	146	1	here	here	ADV
ger-290	146	2	we	we	PRON
ger-290	146	3	utilize	utilize	VERB
ger-290	146	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	146	5	relative	relative	ADJ
ger-290	146	6	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-290	146	7	in	in	ADP
ger-290	146	8	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-290	146	9	index	index	NOUN
ger-290	146	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	146	11	rdci	rdci	PROPN
ger-290	146	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	146	13	to	to	PART
ger-290	146	14	quantify	quantify	VERB
ger-290	146	15	disproportionality	disproportionality	NOUN
ger-290	146	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	146	17	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	146	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	146	19	see	see	VERB
ger-290	146	20	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	146	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	146	22	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	146	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	146	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	147	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	147	2	rdci	rdci	NOUN
ger-290	147	3	for	for	ADP
ger-290	147	4	a	a	DET
ger-290	147	5	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	147	6	group	group	NOUN
ger-290	147	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	147	8	the	the	DET
ger-290	147	9	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-290	147	10	between	between	ADP
ger-290	147	11	their	their	PRON
ger-290	147	12	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	147	13	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	147	14	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-290	147	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	147	16	general	general	ADJ
ger-290	147	17	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	147	18	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-290	147	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	147	20	expressed	express	VERB
ger-290	147	21	as	as	ADP
ger-290	147	22	a	a	DET
ger-290	147	23	discrepancy	discrepancy	NOUN
ger-290	147	24	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-290	147	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	148	1	a	a	DET
ger-290	148	2	guiding	guiding	NOUN
ger-290	148	3	question	question	NOUN
ger-290	148	4	is	be	AUX
ger-290	148	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	148	6	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	148	7	what	what	PRON
ger-290	148	8	is	be	AUX
ger-290	148	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	148	10	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-290	148	11	between	between	ADP
ger-290	148	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	148	13	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-290	148	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	148	15	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-290	148	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	148	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	148	18	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	148	19	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	148	20	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	148	21	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	148	22	in	in	ADP
ger-290	148	23	general	general	ADJ
ger-290	148	24	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	148	25	compared	compare	VERB
ger-290	148	26	to	to	ADP
ger-290	148	27	the	the	DET
ger-290	148	28	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-290	148	29	of	of	ADP
ger-290	148	30	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	148	31	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	148	32	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	148	33	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	148	34	in	in	ADP
ger-290	148	35	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	148	36	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	148	37	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	148	38	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	149	1	guided	guide	VERB
ger-290	149	2	by	by	ADP
ger-290	149	3	this	this	DET
ger-290	149	4	question	question	NOUN
ger-290	149	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	149	6	this	this	DET
ger-290	149	7	formula	formula	NOUN
ger-290	149	8	permits	permit	VERB
ger-290	149	9	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	149	10	to	to	PART
ger-290	149	11	compare	compare	VERB
ger-290	149	12	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
ger-290	149	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	150	1	a	a	DET
ger-290	150	2	discrepancy	discrepancy	NOUN
ger-290	150	3	is	be	AUX
ger-290	150	4	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-290	150	5	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	150	6	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	150	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	150	8	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	150	9	exceeds	exceed	VERB
ger-290	150	10	the	the	DET
ger-290	150	11	threshold	threshold	NOUN
ger-290	150	12	determined	determine	VERB
ger-290	150	13	legally	legally	ADV
ger-290	150	14	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	150	15	by	by	ADP
ger-290	150	16	decision	decision	NOUN
ger-290	150	17	makers	maker	NOUN
ger-290	150	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	151	1	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	151	2	quotas	quota	NOUN
ger-290	151	3	are	be	AUX
ger-290	151	4	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ger-290	151	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	151	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	151	7	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	151	8	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	151	9	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	151	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	151	11	it	it	PRON
ger-290	151	12	is	be	AUX
ger-290	151	13	important	important	ADJ
ger-290	151	14	to	to	PART
ger-290	151	15	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
ger-290	151	16	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	151	17	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	151	18	thresholds	threshold	NOUN
ger-290	151	19	are	be	AUX
ger-290	151	20	not	not	PART
ger-290	151	21	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	151	22	quotas	quota	NOUN
ger-290	151	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	152	1	with	with	ADP
ger-290	152	2	quotas	quota	NOUN
ger-290	152	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	152	4	group	group	NOUN
ger-290	152	5	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	152	6	in	in	ADP
ger-290	152	7	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	152	8	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
ger-290	152	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	152	10	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	152	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	152	12	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
ger-290	152	13	is	be	AUX
ger-290	152	14	proportional	proportional	ADJ
ger-290	152	15	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	152	16	meaning	mean	VERB
ger-290	152	17	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	152	18	if	if	SCONJ
ger-290	152	19	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	152	20	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	152	21	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	152	22	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	152	23	comprise	comprise	VERB
ger-290	152	24	50	50	NUM
ger-290	152	25	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	152	26	of	of	ADP
ger-290	152	27	a	a	DET
ger-290	152	28	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	152	29	district	district	NOUN
ger-290	152	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	152	31	state	state	NOUN
ger-290	152	32	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	152	33	even	even	ADV
ger-290	152	34	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	152	35	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	152	36	of	of	ADP
ger-290	152	37	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	152	38	53	53	NUM
ger-290	152	39	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	152	40	building	building	NOUN
ger-290	152	41	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	152	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	152	43	they	they	PRON
ger-290	152	44	must	must	AUX
ger-290	152	45	comprise	comprise	VERB
ger-290	152	46	50	50	NUM
ger-290	152	47	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	152	48	of	of	ADP
ger-290	152	49	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	152	50	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	152	51	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
ger-290	152	52	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	153	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	153	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	153	3	not	not	PART
ger-290	153	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	153	5	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
ger-290	153	6	employed	employ	VERB
ger-290	153	7	with	with	ADP
ger-290	153	8	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	153	9	thresholds	threshold	NOUN
ger-290	153	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	154	1	after	after	ADP
ger-290	154	2	sharing	share	VERB
ger-290	154	3	several	several	ADJ
ger-290	154	4	explicit	explicit	ADJ
ger-290	154	5	examples	example	NOUN
ger-290	154	6	using	use	VERB
ger-290	154	7	the	the	DET
ger-290	154	8	rdci	rdci	NOUN
ger-290	154	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	154	10	we	we	PRON
ger-290	154	11	present	present	VERB
ger-290	154	12	an	an	DET
ger-290	154	13	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	154	14	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	154	15	formula	formula	NOUN
ger-290	154	16	to	to	PART
ger-290	154	17	help	help	VERB
ger-290	154	18	determine	determine	VERB
ger-290	154	19	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-290	154	20	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	154	21	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	154	22	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	154	23	is	be	AUX
ger-290	154	24	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-290	154	25	statistical	statistical	ADJ
ger-290	154	26	chance	chance	NOUN
ger-290	154	27	–	–	PUNCT
ger-290	154	28	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-290	154	29	the	the	DET
ger-290	154	30	imbalance	imbalance	NOUN
ger-290	154	31	is	be	AUX
ger-290	154	32	primarily	primarily	ADV
ger-290	154	33	influenced	influence	VERB
ger-290	154	34	by	by	ADP
ger-290	154	35	humanmade	humanmade	ADJ
ger-290	154	36	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
ger-290	154	37	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	154	38	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	154	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	154	40	subjectivity	subjectivity	NOUN
ger-290	154	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	154	42	deficit	deficit	NOUN
ger-290	154	43	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-290	154	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	154	45	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN
ger-290	154	46	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	154	47	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	154	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	154	49	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	154	50	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	154	51	possibly	possibly	ADV
ger-290	154	52	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
ger-290	154	53	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	154	54	see	see	VERB
ger-290	154	55	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	154	56	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	154	57	2013a	2013a	NUM
ger-290	154	58	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	154	59	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	154	60	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	155	1	valencia	valencia	PROPN
ger-290	155	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	155	3	2010	2010	NUM
ger-290	155	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	155	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	156	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	156	2	rdci	rdci	NOUN
ger-290	156	3	for	for	ADP
ger-290	156	4	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	156	5	is	be	AUX
ger-290	156	6	computed	compute	VERB
ger-290	156	7	as	as	ADP
ger-290	156	8	[	[	X
ger-290	156	9	100	100	NUM
ger-290	156	10	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	156	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	156	12	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-290	156	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	156	14	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	156	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	156	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	156	17	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	156	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	156	19	in	in	ADP
ger-290	156	20	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	156	21	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	156	22	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	156	23	/	/	SYM
ger-290	156	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	156	25	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-290	156	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	156	27	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	156	28	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	156	29	of	of	ADP
ger-290	156	30	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	156	31	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	156	32	in	in	ADP
ger-290	156	33	general	general	ADJ
ger-290	156	34	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	156	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	156	36	]	]	PUNCT
ger-290	156	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	157	1	using	use	VERB
ger-290	157	2	decimals	decimal	NOUN
ger-290	157	3	yields	yield	NOUN
ger-290	157	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	157	5	same	same	ADJ
ger-290	157	6	results	result	NOUN
ger-290	157	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	158	1	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	158	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	158	3	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	158	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	158	5	are	be	AUX
ger-290	158	6	underidentified	underidentifie	VERB
ger-290	158	7	at	at	ADP
ger-290	158	8	an	an	DET
ger-290	158	9	alarming	alarming	ADJ
ger-290	158	10	rate	rate	NOUN
ger-290	158	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	159	1	each	each	DET
ger-290	159	2	year	year	NOUN
ger-290	159	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	159	4	over	over	ADP
ger-290	159	5	500,000	500,000	NUM
ger-290	159	6	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	159	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	159	8	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	159	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	159	10	combined	combine	VERB
ger-290	159	11	are	be	AUX
ger-290	159	12	not	not	PART
ger-290	159	13	identified	identify	VERB
ger-290	159	14	as	as	ADP
ger-290	159	15	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	159	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	159	17	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	159	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	159	19	2010	2010	NUM
ger-290	159	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	159	21	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	159	22	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	159	23	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	159	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	159	25	2015	2015	NUM
ger-290	159	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	159	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	160	1	table	table	NOUN
ger-290	160	2	1	1	NUM
ger-290	160	3	presents	present	VERB
ger-290	160	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	160	5	national	national	ADJ
ger-290	160	6	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	160	7	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	160	8	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	160	9	collection	collection	NOUN
ger-290	160	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	160	11	crdc	crdc	PROPN
ger-290	160	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	160	13	for	for	ADP
ger-290	160	14	2006	2006	NUM
ger-290	160	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	160	16	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	160	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	160	18	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	160	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	161	1	historically	historically	ADV
ger-290	161	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	161	3	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	161	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	161	5	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	161	6	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	161	7	has	have	AUX
ger-290	161	8	ranged	range	VERB
ger-290	161	9	from	from	ADP
ger-290	161	10	43	43	NUM
ger-290	161	11	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	161	12	to	to	ADP
ger-290	161	13	47	47	NUM
ger-290	161	14	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	161	15	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	161	16	for	for	ADP
ger-290	161	17	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	161	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	161	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	161	20	the	the	DET
ger-290	161	21	range	range	NOUN
ger-290	161	22	is	be	AUX
ger-290	161	23	from	from	ADP
ger-290	161	24	31	31	NUM
ger-290	161	25	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	161	26	to	to	ADP
ger-290	161	27	37	37	NUM
ger-290	161	28	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	161	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	162	1	under	under	ADP
ger-290	162	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	162	3	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	162	4	is	be	AUX
ger-290	162	5	a	a	DET
ger-290	162	6	national	national	ADJ
ger-290	162	7	problem	problem	NOUN
ger-290	162	8	that	that	PRON
ger-290	162	9	exists	exist	VERB
ger-290	162	10	in	in	ADP
ger-290	162	11	the	the	DET
ger-290	162	12	majority	majority	NOUN
ger-290	162	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	162	14	states	state	NOUN
ger-290	162	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	162	16	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	162	17	districts	district	NOUN
ger-290	162	18	for	for	ADP
ger-290	162	19	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	162	20	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	162	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	162	22	see	see	VERB
ger-290	162	23	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	162	24	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	162	25	whiting	whiting	PROPN
ger-290	162	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	162	27	2008b	2008b	NUM
ger-290	162	28	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	162	29	grissom	grissom	PROPN
ger-290	162	30	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	162	31	redding	redding	PROPN
ger-290	162	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	162	33	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	162	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	162	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	163	1	table	table	NOUN
ger-290	164	1	1	1	NUM
ger-290	164	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	164	3	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	164	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	164	5	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	164	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	164	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	164	8	under	under	ADP
ger-290	164	9	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	164	10	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	164	11	in	in	ADP
ger-290	164	12	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	164	13	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	164	14	nationally	nationally	ADV
ger-290	164	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	164	16	2006	2006	NUM
ger-290	164	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	164	18	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	164	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	164	20	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	164	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	164	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	165	1	national	national	PROPN
ger-290	165	2	enrollment	enrollment	PROPN
ger-290	165	3	gifted	gift	VERB
ger-290	165	4	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
ger-290	165	5	under	under	ADP
ger-290	165	6	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	165	7	percent	percent	NOUN
ger-290	165	8	2006	2006	NUM
ger-290	165	9	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	165	10	hispanic	hispanic	NOUN
ger-290	165	11	17.13	17.13	NUM
ger-290	165	12	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	13	20.4	20.4	NUM
ger-290	165	14	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	15	9.15	9.15	NUM
ger-290	165	16	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	17	12.79	12.79	NUM
ger-290	165	18	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	19	47	47	NUM
ger-290	165	20	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	21	37	37	NUM
ger-290	165	22	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	23	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	165	24	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	165	25	hispanic	hispanic	NOUN
ger-290	165	26	16.17	16.17	NUM
ger-290	165	27	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	28	15.4	15.4	NUM
ger-290	165	29	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	30	9.9	9.9	NUM
ger-290	165	31	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	32	11.3	11.3	NUM
ger-290	165	33	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	34	43	43	NUM
ger-290	165	35	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	36	31	31	NUM
ger-290	165	37	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	38	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	165	39	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	165	40	hispanic	hispanic	NOUN
ger-290	165	41	19	19	NUM
ger-290	165	42	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	43	25	25	NUM
ger-290	165	44	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	45	10	10	NUM
ger-290	165	46	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	47	16	16	NUM
ger-290	165	48	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	49	47	47	NUM
ger-290	165	50	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	51	36	36	NUM
ger-290	165	52	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	165	53	source	source	NOUN
ger-290	165	54	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	165	55	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	165	56	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	165	57	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	165	58	department	department	PROPN
ger-290	165	59	of	of	ADP
ger-290	165	60	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	165	61	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	165	62	office	office	NOUN
ger-290	165	63	for	for	ADP
ger-290	165	64	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	165	65	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	165	66	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	165	67	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	165	68	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	165	69	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	165	70	collection	collection	NOUN
ger-290	165	71	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	165	72	2006	2006	NUM
ger-290	165	73	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	165	74	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	165	75	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	165	76	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	165	77	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	165	78	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	166	1	see	see	VERB
ger-290	166	2	http://ocrdata.ed.gov	http://ocrdata.ed.gov	PROPN
ger-290	166	3	http://ocrdata.ed.gov/	http://ocrdata.ed.gov/	PROPN
ger-290	166	4	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	166	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	166	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	166	7	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	166	8	54	54	NUM
ger-290	166	9	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	166	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	166	11	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	166	12	is	be	AUX
ger-290	166	13	a	a	DET
ger-290	166	14	publication	publication	NOUN
ger-290	166	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	166	16	the	the	DET
ger-290	166	17	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	166	18	of	of	ADP
ger-290	166	19	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	166	20	at	at	ADP
ger-290	166	21	mercy	mercy	NOUN
ger-290	166	22	college	college	NOUN
ger-290	166	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	166	24	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	166	25	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	166	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	167	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	167	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	167	3	an	an	DET
ger-290	167	4	open	open	ADJ
ger-290	167	5	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	167	6	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	167	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
ger-290	167	8	under	under	ADP
ger-290	167	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	167	10	terms	term	NOUN
ger-290	167	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	167	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	167	13	creative	creative	ADJ
ger-290	167	14	commons	common	NOUN
ger-290	167	15	attribution	attribution	NOUN
ger-290	167	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	167	17	noncommercial	noncommercial	ADJ
ger-290	167	18	3.0	3.0	NUM
ger-290	167	19	unported	unported	ADJ
ger-290	167	20	license	license	NOUN
ger-290	167	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	167	22	permitting	permit	VERB
ger-290	167	23	all	all	DET
ger-290	167	24	non	non	ADJ
ger-290	167	25	-	-	ADJ
ger-290	167	26	commercial	commercial	ADJ
ger-290	167	27	use	use	NOUN
ger-290	167	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	167	29	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ger-290	167	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	167	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	167	32	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN
ger-290	167	33	in	in	ADP
ger-290	167	34	any	any	DET
ger-290	167	35	medium	medium	NOUN
ger-290	167	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	167	37	provided	provide	VERB
ger-290	167	38	the	the	DET
ger-290	167	39	original	original	ADJ
ger-290	167	40	work	work	NOUN
ger-290	167	41	is	be	AUX
ger-290	167	42	properly	properly	ADV
ger-290	167	43	cited	cite	VERB
ger-290	167	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	168	1	citation	citation	NOUN
ger-290	168	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	169	1	wright	wright	PROPN
ger-290	169	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	169	3	brian	brian	PROPN
ger-290	169	4	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	169	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	169	6	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	169	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	169	8	donna	donna	PROPN
ger-290	169	9	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	169	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	169	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	169	12	young	young	PROPN
ger-290	169	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	169	14	jemimah	jemimah	PROPN
ger-290	169	15	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	169	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	169	17	2017	2017	NUM
ger-290	169	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	169	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	170	1	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	170	2	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	170	3	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	170	4	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	171	1	seeking	seek	VERB
ger-290	171	2	excellence	excellence	NOUN
ger-290	171	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	171	4	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	171	5	for	for	ADP
ger-290	171	6	under	under	ADV
ger-290	171	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	171	8	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	171	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	171	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	171	11	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	171	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	171	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	171	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	171	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	172	1	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	172	2	education	education	PROPN
ger-290	172	3	review	review	PROPN
ger-290	172	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	172	5	4(1	4(1	NUM
ger-290	172	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	172	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	173	1	45	45	NUM
ger-290	173	2	-	-	SYM
ger-290	173	3	60	60	NUM
ger-290	173	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	174	1	based	base	VERB
ger-290	174	2	on	on	ADP
ger-290	174	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	174	4	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	174	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	174	6	table	table	NOUN
ger-290	174	7	1	1	NUM
ger-290	174	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	174	9	we	we	PRON
ger-290	174	10	pose	pose	VERB
ger-290	174	11	the	the	DET
ger-290	174	12	following	follow	VERB
ger-290	174	13	questions	question	NOUN
ger-290	174	14	to	to	PART
ger-290	174	15	inform	inform	VERB
ger-290	174	16	the	the	DET
ger-290	174	17	application	application	NOUN
ger-290	174	18	of	of	ADP
ger-290	174	19	the	the	DET
ger-290	174	20	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	174	21	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	174	22	formula	formula	NOUN
ger-290	174	23	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	174	24	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	174	25	described	describe	VERB
ger-290	174	26	in	in	ADP
ger-290	174	27	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	174	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	174	29	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	174	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	174	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	175	1	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	175	2	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	175	3	is	be	AUX
ger-290	175	4	under	under	ADP
ger-290	175	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	175	6	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	175	7	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-290	175	8	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	175	9	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	176	1	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	176	2	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	176	3	severe	severe	ADJ
ger-290	176	4	must	must	AUX
ger-290	176	5	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	176	6	be	be	AUX
ger-290	176	7	in	in	ADP
ger-290	176	8	order	order	NOUN
ger-290	176	9	to	to	PART
ger-290	176	10	require	require	VERB
ger-290	176	11	changes	change	NOUN
ger-290	176	12	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	176	13	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	177	1	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	177	2	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	177	3	severe	severe	ADJ
ger-290	177	4	must	must	AUX
ger-290	177	5	under	under	ADP
ger-290	177	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	177	7	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	177	8	be	be	AUX
ger-290	177	9	to	to	PART
ger-290	177	10	be	be	AUX
ger-290	177	11	considered	consider	VERB
ger-290	177	12	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
ger-290	177	13	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	177	14	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	177	15	while	while	SCONJ
ger-290	177	16	considering	consider	VERB
ger-290	177	17	these	these	DET
ger-290	177	18	questions	question	NOUN
ger-290	177	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	177	20	recall	recall	VERB
ger-290	177	21	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	177	22	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	177	23	the	the	DET
ger-290	177	24	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-290	177	25	of	of	ADP
ger-290	177	26	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	177	27	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	177	28	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	177	29	exceeds	exceed	VERB
ger-290	177	30	the	the	DET
ger-290	177	31	designated	designate	VERB
ger-290	177	32	threshold	threshold	NOUN
ger-290	177	33	in	in	ADP
ger-290	177	34	the	the	DET
ger-290	177	35	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	177	36	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	177	37	formula	formula	NOUN
ger-290	177	38	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	177	39	also	also	ADV
ger-290	177	40	called	call	VERB
ger-290	177	41	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	177	42	index	index	PROPN
ger-290	177	43	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	177	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	177	45	it	it	PRON
ger-290	177	46	is	be	AUX
ger-290	177	47	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-290	177	48	statistical	statistical	ADJ
ger-290	177	49	chance	chance	NOUN
ger-290	177	50	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	177	51	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-290	177	52	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	177	53	human	human	ADJ
ger-290	177	54	error	error	NOUN
ger-290	177	55	is	be	AUX
ger-290	177	56	operating	operate	VERB
ger-290	177	57	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	177	58	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ger-290	177	59	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	177	60	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ger-290	177	61	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	177	62	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	177	63	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-290	177	64	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	177	65	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ger-290	177	66	may	may	AUX
ger-290	177	67	be	be	AUX
ger-290	177	68	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
ger-290	177	69	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	178	1	intent	intent	NOUN
ger-290	178	2	must	must	AUX
ger-290	178	3	be	be	AUX
ger-290	178	4	considered	consider	VERB
ger-290	178	5	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	178	6	examining	examine	VERB
ger-290	178	7	under	under	ADP
ger-290	178	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	178	9	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	178	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	178	11	depending	depend	VERB
ger-290	178	12	on	on	ADP
ger-290	178	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	178	14	legislation	legislation	NOUN
ger-290	178	15	applied	apply	VERB
ger-290	178	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	179	1	for	for	ADP
ger-290	179	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ger-290	179	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	179	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	179	5	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
ger-290	179	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	179	7	disparate	disparate	ADJ
ger-290	179	8	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-290	179	9	holds	hold	VERB
ger-290	179	10	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	179	11	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	179	12	may	may	AUX
ger-290	179	13	be	be	AUX
ger-290	179	14	considered	consider	VERB
ger-290	179	15	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
ger-290	179	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	179	17	illegal	illegal	ADJ
ger-290	179	18	if	if	SCONJ
ger-290	179	19	they	they	PRON
ger-290	179	20	have	have	VERB
ger-290	179	21	adverse	adverse	ADJ
ger-290	179	22	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-290	179	23	on	on	ADP
ger-290	179	24	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	179	25	regarding	regard	VERB
ger-290	179	26	a	a	DET
ger-290	179	27	protected	protect	VERB
ger-290	179	28	trait	trait	NOUN
ger-290	179	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	180	1	protected	protect	VERB
ger-290	180	2	traits	trait	NOUN
ger-290	180	3	vary	vary	VERB
ger-290	180	4	by	by	ADP
ger-290	180	5	statute	statute	NOUN
ger-290	180	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	180	7	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	180	8	most	most	ADJ
ger-290	180	9	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	180	10	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	180	11	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-290	180	12	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	180	13	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	180	14	laws	law	NOUN
ger-290	180	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	180	16	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	180	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	180	18	title	title	NOUN
ger-290	180	19	vi	vi	NOUN
ger-290	180	20	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	180	21	include	include	VERB
ger-290	180	22	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	180	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	180	24	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	180	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	180	26	religion	religion	NOUN
ger-290	180	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	180	28	national	national	ADJ
ger-290	180	29	origin	origin	NOUN
ger-290	180	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	180	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	180	32	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-290	180	33	as	as	ADP
ger-290	180	34	protected	protect	VERB
ger-290	180	35	traits	trait	NOUN
ger-290	180	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	181	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ger-290	181	2	these	these	DET
ger-290	181	3	protections	protection	NOUN
ger-290	181	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	181	5	burden	burden	NOUN
ger-290	181	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	181	7	proof	proof	NOUN
ger-290	181	8	remains	remain	VERB
ger-290	181	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	182	1	under	under	ADP
ger-290	182	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	182	3	disparate	disparate	ADJ
ger-290	182	4	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-290	182	5	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
ger-290	182	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	182	7	a	a	DET
ger-290	182	8	violation	violation	NOUN
ger-290	182	9	of	of	ADP
ger-290	182	10	title	title	NOUN
ger-290	182	11	vi	vi	PROPN
ger-290	182	12	of	of	ADP
ger-290	182	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	182	14	1964	1964	NUM
ger-290	182	15	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	182	16	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	182	17	act	act	NOUN
ger-290	182	18	may	may	AUX
ger-290	182	19	be	be	AUX
ger-290	182	20	proven	prove	VERB
ger-290	182	21	by	by	ADP
ger-290	182	22	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
ger-290	182	23	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	182	24	an	an	DET
ger-290	182	25	instrument	instrument	NOUN
ger-290	182	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	182	27	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	182	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	182	29	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	182	30	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-290	182	31	has	have	VERB
ger-290	182	32	a	a	DET
ger-290	182	33	disproportionately	disproportionately	ADV
ger-290	182	34	adverse	adverse	ADJ
ger-290	182	35	effect	effect	NOUN
ger-290	182	36	on	on	ADP
ger-290	182	37	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	182	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	182	39	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	182	40	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	182	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	183	1	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	183	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	183	4	disparate	disparate	ADJ
ger-290	183	5	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-290	183	6	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN
ger-290	183	7	prohibits	prohibit	VERB
ger-290	183	8	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	183	9	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ger-290	183	10	from	from	ADP
ger-290	183	11	using	use	VERB
ger-290	183	12	a	a	DET
ger-290	183	13	facially	facially	ADV
ger-290	183	14	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ger-290	183	15	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	183	16	that	that	PRON
ger-290	183	17	has	have	VERB
ger-290	183	18	an	an	DET
ger-290	183	19	unjustified	unjustified	ADJ
ger-290	183	20	adverse	adverse	ADJ
ger-290	183	21	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-290	183	22	on	on	ADP
ger-290	183	23	members	member	NOUN
ger-290	183	24	of	of	ADP
ger-290	183	25	a	a	DET
ger-290	183	26	protected	protect	VERB
ger-290	183	27	class	class	NOUN
ger-290	183	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	184	1	a	a	DET
ger-290	184	2	facially	facially	ADV
ger-290	184	3	neutral	neutral	ADJ
ger-290	184	4	employment	employment	NOUN
ger-290	184	5	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	184	6	is	be	AUX
ger-290	184	7	one	one	NUM
ger-290	184	8	that	that	PRON
ger-290	184	9	does	do	AUX
ger-290	184	10	not	not	PART
ger-290	184	11	appear	appear	VERB
ger-290	184	12	to	to	PART
ger-290	184	13	be	be	AUX
ger-290	184	14	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
ger-290	184	15	on	on	ADP
ger-290	184	16	the	the	DET
ger-290	184	17	surface	surface	NOUN
ger-290	184	18	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	184	19	instead	instead	ADV
ger-290	184	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	184	21	it	it	PRON
ger-290	184	22	is	be	AUX
ger-290	184	23	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
ger-290	184	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	184	25	its	its	PRON
ger-290	184	26	application	application	NOUN
ger-290	184	27	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	184	28	its	its	PRON
ger-290	184	29	effect	effect	NOUN
ger-290	184	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	184	31	see	see	VERB
ger-290	184	32	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/disparate	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/disparate	PROPN
ger-290	184	33	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-290	184	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	184	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	185	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	185	2	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	185	3	common	common	ADJ
ger-290	185	4	to	to	ADP
ger-290	185	5	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	185	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	185	7	require	require	VERB
ger-290	185	8	further	further	ADJ
ger-290	185	9	examination	examination	NOUN
ger-290	185	10	to	to	PART
ger-290	185	11	redress	redress	VERB
ger-290	185	12	possible	possible	ADJ
ger-290	185	13	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
ger-290	185	14	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	185	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	186	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	186	2	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	186	3	index	index	NOUN
ger-290	186	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	186	5	ei	ei	NOUN
ger-290	186	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	186	7	provides	provide	VERB
ger-290	186	8	a	a	DET
ger-290	186	9	contextualized	contextualized	ADJ
ger-290	186	10	lens	lens	NOUN
ger-290	186	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	186	12	guide	guide	VERB
ger-290	186	13	these	these	DET
ger-290	186	14	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ger-290	186	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	187	1	used	use	VERB
ger-290	187	2	in	in	ADP
ger-290	187	3	a	a	DET
ger-290	187	4	decontextualized	decontextualized	ADJ
ger-290	187	5	way	way	NOUN
ger-290	187	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	187	7	the	the	DET
ger-290	187	8	rdci	rdci	NOUN
ger-290	187	9	is	be	AUX
ger-290	187	10	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
ger-290	187	11	for	for	ADP
ger-290	187	12	determining	determine	VERB
ger-290	187	13	inequitable	inequitable	ADJ
ger-290	187	14	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	187	15	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
ger-290	187	16	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	187	17	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	187	18	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	187	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	188	1	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	188	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	188	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	188	4	rdci	rdci	NOUN
ger-290	188	5	should	should	AUX
ger-290	188	6	be	be	AUX
ger-290	188	7	used	use	VERB
ger-290	188	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	188	9	interpreted	interpret	VERB
ger-290	188	10	within	within	ADP
ger-290	188	11	the	the	DET
ger-290	188	12	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-290	188	13	context	context	NOUN
ger-290	188	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	189	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	189	2	ei	ei	NOUN
ger-290	189	3	helps	help	VERB
ger-290	189	4	to	to	PART
ger-290	189	5	provide	provide	VERB
ger-290	189	6	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
ger-290	189	7	context	context	NOUN
ger-290	189	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	190	1	calculating	calculate	VERB
ger-290	190	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	190	3	ei	ei	NOUN
ger-290	190	4	requires	require	VERB
ger-290	190	5	two	two	NUM
ger-290	190	6	steps	step	NOUN
ger-290	190	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	191	1	step	step	NOUN
ger-290	191	2	1	1	NUM
ger-290	191	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	192	1	[	[	X
ger-290	192	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	192	3	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-290	192	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	192	5	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	192	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	192	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	192	8	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	192	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	192	10	in	in	ADP
ger-290	192	11	general	general	ADJ
ger-290	192	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	192	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	192	14	x	x	SYM
ger-290	192	15	threshold	threshold	NOUN
ger-290	192	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	192	17	20	20	NUM
ger-290	192	18	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	192	19	=	=	PUNCT
ger-290	192	20	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-290	193	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	193	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	193	3	abbreviated	abbreviate	VERB
ger-290	193	4	as	as	ADP
ger-290	193	5	c	c	PROPN
ger-290	193	6	x	x	PROPN
ger-290	193	7	t	t	PROPN
ger-290	193	8	=	=	SYM
ger-290	193	9	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-290	193	10	]	]	PUNCT
ger-290	193	11	step	step	NOUN
ger-290	193	12	2	2	NUM
ger-290	193	13	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	194	1	[	[	X
ger-290	194	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	194	3	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-290	194	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	194	5	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	194	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	194	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	194	8	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	194	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	194	10	in	in	ADP
ger-290	194	11	general	general	ADJ
ger-290	194	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	194	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	194	14	b	b	NOUN
ger-290	194	15	=	=	SYM
ger-290	194	16	ei	ei	PROPN
ger-290	194	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	195	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	195	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	195	3	abbreviated	abbreviate	VERB
ger-290	195	4	as	as	ADP
ger-290	195	5	c	c	NOUN
ger-290	195	6	–	–	PUNCT
ger-290	195	7	b	b	NOUN
ger-290	195	8	=	=	SYM
ger-290	195	9	ei	ei	PROPN
ger-290	195	10	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	195	11	for	for	ADP
ger-290	195	12	example	example	NOUN
ger-290	195	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	195	14	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	195	15	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	195	16	were	be	AUX
ger-290	195	17	19	19	NUM
ger-290	195	18	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	195	19	of	of	ADP
ger-290	195	20	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	195	21	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
ger-290	195	22	in	in	ADP
ger-290	195	23	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	195	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	195	25	the	the	DET
ger-290	195	26	ei	ei	NOUN
ger-290	195	27	using	use	VERB
ger-290	195	28	a	a	DET
ger-290	195	29	20	20	NUM
ger-290	195	30	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	195	31	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	195	32	would	would	AUX
ger-290	195	33	be	be	AUX
ger-290	195	34	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	195	35	b	b	X
ger-290	195	36	is	be	AUX
ger-290	195	37	19	19	NUM
ger-290	195	38	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	195	39	x	x	NOUN
ger-290	195	40	20%=3.8	20%=3.8	NUM
ger-290	195	41	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	195	42	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	195	43	ei	ei	NOUN
ger-290	195	44	is	be	AUX
ger-290	195	45	19	19	NUM
ger-290	195	46	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	195	47	3.8	3.8	NUM
ger-290	195	48	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	195	49	=	=	NOUN
ger-290	195	50	15.2	15.2	NUM
ger-290	195	51	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	195	52	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	196	1	]	]	PUNCT
ger-290	196	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	197	1	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	197	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	197	3	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	197	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	197	5	should	should	AUX
ger-290	197	6	represent	represent	VERB
ger-290	197	7	at	at	ADP
ger-290	197	8	minimal	minimal	ADJ
ger-290	197	9	15.2	15.2	NUM
ger-290	197	10	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	197	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	197	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	197	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	197	14	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	197	15	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	197	16	in	in	ADP
ger-290	197	17	the	the	DET
ger-290	197	18	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	197	19	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	197	20	however	however	ADV
ger-290	197	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	197	22	the	the	DET
ger-290	197	23	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-290	197	24	for	for	ADP
ger-290	197	25	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	197	26	is	be	AUX
ger-290	197	27	10	10	NUM
ger-290	197	28	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	197	29	nationally	nationally	ADV
ger-290	197	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	198	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	198	2	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	198	3	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	198	4	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	198	5	for	for	ADP
ger-290	198	6	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	198	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	198	8	is	be	AUX
ger-290	198	9	not	not	PART
ger-290	198	10	only	only	ADV
ger-290	198	11	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-290	198	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	198	13	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	198	14	also	also	ADV
ger-290	198	15	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-290	198	16	statistical	statistical	ADJ
ger-290	198	17	chance	chance	NOUN
ger-290	198	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	198	19	suggesting	suggest	VERB
ger-290	198	20	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	198	21	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	198	22	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	198	23	is	be	AUX
ger-290	198	24	operating	operate	VERB
ger-290	198	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	199	1	to	to	PART
ger-290	199	2	achieve	achieve	VERB
ger-290	199	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	199	4	minimal	minimal	ADJ
ger-290	199	5	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	199	6	goal	goal	NOUN
ger-290	199	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	199	8	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	199	9	must	must	AUX
ger-290	199	10	increase	increase	VERB
ger-290	199	11	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	199	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	199	13	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	199	14	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	199	15	nationally	nationally	ADV
ger-290	199	16	by	by	ADP
ger-290	199	17	at	at	ADV
ger-290	199	18	least	least	ADV
ger-290	199	19	5.2	5.2	NUM
ger-290	199	20	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	199	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	200	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	200	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	200	3	presented	present	VERB
ger-290	200	4	in	in	ADP
ger-290	200	5	table	table	NOUN
ger-290	200	6	2	2	NUM
ger-290	200	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	201	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	201	2	goals	goal	NOUN
ger-290	201	3	for	for	ADP
ger-290	201	4	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	201	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	201	6	also	also	ADV
ger-290	201	7	appear	appear	VERB
ger-290	201	8	in	in	ADP
ger-290	201	9	table	table	NOUN
ger-290	201	10	2	2	NUM
ger-290	201	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	202	1	our	our	PRON
ger-290	202	2	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-290	202	3	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	202	4	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	202	5	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	202	6	are	be	AUX
ger-290	202	7	racially	racially	ADV
ger-290	202	8	segregated	segregate	VERB
ger-290	202	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	202	10	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	202	11	conveyed	convey	VERB
ger-290	202	12	by	by	ADP
ger-290	202	13	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	202	14	presented	present	VERB
ger-290	202	15	in	in	ADP
ger-290	202	16	table	table	NOUN
ger-290	202	17	2	2	NUM
ger-290	202	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	202	19	using	use	VERB
ger-290	202	20	the	the	DET
ger-290	202	21	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ
ger-290	202	22	formula	formula	NOUN
ger-290	202	23	yields	yield	VERB
ger-290	202	24	a	a	DET
ger-290	202	25	similar	similar	ADJ
ger-290	202	26	result	result	NOUN
ger-290	202	27	for	for	ADP
ger-290	202	28	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	202	29	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	202	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	202	31	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	202	32	not	not	PART
ger-290	202	33	to	to	ADP
ger-290	202	34	the	the	DET
ger-290	202	35	same	same	ADJ
ger-290	202	36	degree	degree	NOUN
ger-290	202	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	203	1	as	as	ADP
ger-290	203	2	a	a	DET
ger-290	203	3	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-290	203	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	203	5	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	203	6	system	system	NOUN
ger-290	203	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	203	8	we	we	PRON
ger-290	203	9	are	be	AUX
ger-290	203	10	far	far	ADV
ger-290	203	11	from	from	ADP
ger-290	203	12	fulfilling	fulfil	VERB
ger-290	203	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	203	14	mandates	mandate	NOUN
ger-290	203	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	203	16	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-290	203	17	v.	v.	ADP
ger-290	203	18	board	board	PROPN
ger-290	203	19	of	of	ADP
ger-290	203	20	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	203	21	of	of	ADP
ger-290	203	22	topeka	topeka	PROPN
ger-290	203	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	204	1	347	347	NUM
ger-290	204	2	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	204	3	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	204	4	483	483	NUM
ger-290	204	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	204	6	1954	1954	NUM
ger-290	204	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	204	8	in	in	ADP
ger-290	204	9	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	204	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	204	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	205	1	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/disparate%20impact	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/disparate%20impact	NOUN
ger-290	205	2	gifted	gift	VERB
ger-290	205	3	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	205	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	205	5	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	205	6	55	55	NUM
ger-290	205	7	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	205	8	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	205	9	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	205	10	is	be	AUX
ger-290	205	11	a	a	DET
ger-290	205	12	publication	publication	NOUN
ger-290	205	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	205	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	205	15	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	205	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	205	17	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	205	18	at	at	ADP
ger-290	205	19	mercy	mercy	NOUN
ger-290	205	20	college	college	NOUN
ger-290	205	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	205	22	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	205	23	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	205	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	206	1	this	this	PRON
ger-290	206	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	206	3	an	an	DET
ger-290	206	4	open	open	ADJ
ger-290	206	5	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	206	6	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	206	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
ger-290	206	8	under	under	ADP
ger-290	206	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	206	10	terms	term	NOUN
ger-290	206	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	206	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	206	13	creative	creative	ADJ
ger-290	206	14	commons	common	NOUN
ger-290	206	15	attribution	attribution	NOUN
ger-290	206	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	206	17	noncommercial	noncommercial	ADJ
ger-290	206	18	3.0	3.0	NUM
ger-290	206	19	unported	unported	ADJ
ger-290	206	20	license	license	NOUN
ger-290	206	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	206	22	permitting	permit	VERB
ger-290	206	23	all	all	DET
ger-290	206	24	non	non	ADJ
ger-290	206	25	-	-	ADJ
ger-290	206	26	commercial	commercial	ADJ
ger-290	206	27	use	use	NOUN
ger-290	206	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	206	29	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ger-290	206	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	206	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	206	32	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN
ger-290	206	33	in	in	ADP
ger-290	206	34	any	any	DET
ger-290	206	35	medium	medium	NOUN
ger-290	206	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	206	37	provided	provide	VERB
ger-290	206	38	the	the	DET
ger-290	206	39	original	original	ADJ
ger-290	206	40	work	work	NOUN
ger-290	206	41	is	be	AUX
ger-290	206	42	properly	properly	ADV
ger-290	206	43	cited	cite	VERB
ger-290	206	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	207	1	citation	citation	NOUN
ger-290	207	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	208	1	wright	wright	PROPN
ger-290	208	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	208	3	brian	brian	PROPN
ger-290	208	4	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	208	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	208	6	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	208	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	208	8	donna	donna	PROPN
ger-290	208	9	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	208	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	208	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	208	12	young	young	PROPN
ger-290	208	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	208	14	jemimah	jemimah	PROPN
ger-290	208	15	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	208	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	208	17	2017	2017	NUM
ger-290	208	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	208	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	209	1	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	209	2	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	209	3	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	209	4	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	210	1	seeking	seek	VERB
ger-290	210	2	excellence	excellence	NOUN
ger-290	210	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	210	4	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	210	5	for	for	ADP
ger-290	210	6	under	under	ADV
ger-290	210	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	210	8	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	210	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	210	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	210	11	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	210	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	210	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	210	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	210	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	211	1	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	211	2	education	education	PROPN
ger-290	211	3	review	review	PROPN
ger-290	211	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	211	5	4(1	4(1	NUM
ger-290	211	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	211	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	212	1	45	45	NUM
ger-290	212	2	-	-	SYM
ger-290	212	3	60	60	NUM
ger-290	212	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	212	5	table	table	NOUN
ger-290	212	6	2	2	NUM
ger-290	212	7	.	.	NOUN
ger-290	212	8	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	212	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	212	10	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	212	11	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	212	12	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	212	13	under	under	ADP
ger-290	212	14	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	212	15	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	212	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	212	17	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	212	18	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	212	19	index	index	NOUN
ger-290	212	20	nationally	nationally	ADV
ger-290	212	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	212	22	2006	2006	NUM
ger-290	212	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	212	24	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	212	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	212	26	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	212	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	212	28	year	year	NOUN
ger-290	212	29	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	212	30	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	212	31	national	national	PROPN
ger-290	212	32	enrollment	enrollment	PROPN
ger-290	212	33	gifted	gift	VERB
ger-290	212	34	enrollment	enrollment	NOUN
ger-290	212	35	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-290	212	36	of	of	ADP
ger-290	212	37	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	212	38	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	212	39	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	212	40	goal	goal	NOUN
ger-290	212	41	2006	2006	NUM
ger-290	212	42	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	212	43	hispanic	hispanic	NOUN
ger-290	212	44	17.13	17.13	NUM
ger-290	212	45	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	212	46	20.4	20.4	NUM
ger-290	212	47	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	212	48	9.15	9.15	NUM
ger-290	212	49	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	212	50	12.79	12.79	NUM
ger-290	212	51	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	212	52	47	47	NUM
ger-290	212	53	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	212	54	37	37	NUM
ger-290	212	55	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	212	56	13.7	13.7	NUM
ger-290	212	57	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	212	58	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	212	59	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-290	212	60	from	from	ADP
ger-290	212	61	9.15	9.15	NUM
ger-290	212	62	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	212	63	to	to	ADP
ger-290	212	64	13.7	13.7	NUM
ger-290	212	65	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	212	66	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	213	1	16.32	16.32	NUM
ger-290	213	2	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	3	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	213	4	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-290	213	5	from	from	ADP
ger-290	213	6	12.79	12.79	NUM
ger-290	213	7	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	8	to	to	ADP
ger-290	213	9	16.32	16.32	NUM
ger-290	213	10	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	213	12	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	213	13	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	213	14	hispanic	hispanic	NOUN
ger-290	213	15	16.17	16.17	NUM
ger-290	213	16	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	17	15.4	15.4	NUM
ger-290	213	18	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	19	9.9	9.9	NUM
ger-290	213	20	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	21	11.3	11.3	NUM
ger-290	213	22	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	23	43	43	NUM
ger-290	213	24	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	25	31	31	NUM
ger-290	213	26	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	27	12.9	12.9	NUM
ger-290	213	28	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	213	30	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-290	213	31	from	from	ADP
ger-290	213	32	9.9	9.9	NUM
ger-290	213	33	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	34	to	to	ADP
ger-290	213	35	12.9	12.9	NUM
ger-290	213	36	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	213	38	12.32	12.32	NUM
ger-290	213	39	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	40	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	213	41	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-290	213	42	from	from	ADP
ger-290	213	43	11.3	11.3	NUM
ger-290	213	44	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	45	to	to	ADP
ger-290	213	46	12.32	12.32	NUM
ger-290	213	47	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	213	49	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	213	50	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	213	51	hispanic	hispanic	NOUN
ger-290	213	52	19	19	NUM
ger-290	213	53	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	54	25	25	NUM
ger-290	213	55	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	56	10	10	NUM
ger-290	213	57	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	58	16	16	NUM
ger-290	213	59	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	60	47	47	NUM
ger-290	213	61	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	62	36	36	NUM
ger-290	213	63	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	64	15.2	15.2	NUM
ger-290	213	65	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	66	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	213	67	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-290	213	68	from	from	ADP
ger-290	213	69	10	10	NUM
ger-290	213	70	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	71	to	to	ADP
ger-290	213	72	15.2	15.2	NUM
ger-290	213	73	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	74	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	213	75	20	20	NUM
ger-290	213	76	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	77	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	213	78	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-290	213	79	from	from	ADP
ger-290	213	80	16	16	NUM
ger-290	213	81	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	82	to	to	PART
ger-290	213	83	20	20	NUM
ger-290	213	84	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	213	85	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	213	86	source	source	NOUN
ger-290	213	87	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	213	88	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	213	89	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	213	90	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	213	91	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	213	92	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ger-290	213	93	for	for	ADP
ger-290	213	94	changes	change	NOUN
ger-290	213	95	regarding	regard	VERB
ger-290	213	96	under	under	ADV
ger-290	213	97	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	213	98	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	213	99	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	213	100	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	213	101	of	of	ADP
ger-290	213	102	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	213	103	the	the	DET
ger-290	213	104	potential	potential	NOUN
ger-290	213	105	of	of	ADP
ger-290	213	106	too	too	ADV
ger-290	213	107	many	many	ADJ
ger-290	213	108	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	213	109	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	213	110	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	213	111	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	213	112	remains	remain	VERB
ger-290	213	113	untapped	untapped	ADJ
ger-290	213	114	because	because	SCONJ
ger-290	213	115	they	they	PRON
ger-290	213	116	are	be	AUX
ger-290	213	117	denied	deny	VERB
ger-290	213	118	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	213	119	to	to	ADP
ger-290	213	120	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	213	121	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	213	122	supported	support	VERB
ger-290	213	123	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	213	124	protected	protect	VERB
ger-290	213	125	by	by	ADP
ger-290	213	126	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	213	127	on	on	ADP
ger-290	213	128	the	the	DET
ger-290	213	129	one	one	NUM
ger-290	213	130	hand	hand	NOUN
ger-290	213	131	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	213	132	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	213	133	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	213	134	on	on	ADP
ger-290	213	135	the	the	DET
ger-290	213	136	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	213	137	hand	hand	NOUN
ger-290	213	138	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	214	1	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN
ger-290	214	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	214	3	stereotypes	stereotype	NOUN
ger-290	214	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	214	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	214	6	deficit	deficit	NOUN
ger-290	214	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	214	8	oriented	orient	VERB
ger-290	214	9	paradigms	paradigm	NOUN
ger-290	214	10	contribute	contribute	VERB
ger-290	214	11	to	to	ADP
ger-290	214	12	segregated	segregated	ADJ
ger-290	214	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	214	14	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	214	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	214	16	which	which	PRON
ger-290	214	17	violate	violate	VERB
ger-290	214	18	the	the	DET
ger-290	214	19	principles	principle	NOUN
ger-290	214	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	214	21	mandates	mandate	NOUN
ger-290	214	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	214	23	the	the	DET
ger-290	214	24	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	214	25	right	right	ADJ
ger-290	214	26	act	act	NOUN
ger-290	214	27	of	of	ADP
ger-290	214	28	1964	1964	NUM
ger-290	214	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	214	30	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-290	214	31	v.	v.	ADP
ger-290	214	32	board	board	NOUN
ger-290	214	33	of	of	ADP
ger-290	214	34	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	214	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	214	36	1954	1954	NUM
ger-290	214	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	214	38	that	that	PRON
ger-290	214	39	are	be	AUX
ger-290	214	40	sorely	sorely	ADV
ger-290	214	41	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ
ger-290	214	42	at	at	ADP
ger-290	214	43	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
ger-290	214	44	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	214	45	retention	retention	NOUN
ger-290	214	46	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	214	47	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	214	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	214	49	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	214	50	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	214	51	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	214	52	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	214	53	2015	2015	NUM
ger-290	214	54	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	214	55	valencia	valencia	PROPN
ger-290	214	56	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	214	57	2010	2010	NUM
ger-290	214	58	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	214	59	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	215	1	mcfadden	mcfadden	PROPN
ger-290	215	2	vs.	vs.	ADP
ger-290	215	3	board	board	PROPN
ger-290	215	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	215	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	215	6	for	for	ADP
ger-290	215	7	illinois	illinois	PROPN
ger-290	215	8	school	school	PROPN
ger-290	215	9	district	district	NOUN
ger-290	215	10	u-46	u-46	ADV
ger-290	215	11	56	56	NUM
ger-290	215	12	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	215	13	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	215	14	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	215	15	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ger-290	215	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	215	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	215	18	2013	2013	NUM
ger-290	215	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	215	20	reminds	remind	VERB
ger-290	215	21	us	we	PRON
ger-290	215	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	215	23	must	must	AUX
ger-290	215	24	compel	compel	VERB
ger-290	215	25	us	we	PRON
ger-290	215	26	to	to	PART
ger-290	215	27	continue	continue	VERB
ger-290	215	28	advocating	advocate	VERB
ger-290	215	29	for	for	ADP
ger-290	215	30	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	215	31	of	of	ADP
ger-290	215	32	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	215	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	215	34	that	that	DET
ger-290	215	35	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	215	36	is	be	AUX
ger-290	215	37	not	not	PART
ger-290	215	38	only	only	ADV
ger-290	215	39	unintentional	unintentional	ADJ
ger-290	215	40	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	215	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	215	42	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	215	43	also	also	ADV
ger-290	215	44	intentional	intentional	ADJ
ger-290	215	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	215	46	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	215	47	that	that	DET
ger-290	215	48	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	215	49	in	in	ADP
ger-290	215	50	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	215	51	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	215	52	perpetuates	perpetuate	VERB
ger-290	215	53	segregation	segregation	NOUN
ger-290	215	54	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	215	55	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	215	56	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	216	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	216	2	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-290	216	3	will	will	NOUN
ger-290	216	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	216	5	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-290	216	6	to	to	PART
ger-290	216	7	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
ger-290	216	8	manufactured	manufacture	VERB
ger-290	216	9	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ger-290	216	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	216	11	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	216	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	216	13	conscious	conscious	ADJ
ger-290	216	14	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	216	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	216	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	216	17	to	to	PART
ger-290	216	18	challenge	challenge	VERB
ger-290	216	19	the	the	DET
ger-290	216	20	status	status	NOUN
ger-290	216	21	quo	quo	NOUN
ger-290	216	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	216	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	216	24	to	to	PART
ger-290	216	25	advocate	advocate	VERB
ger-290	216	26	for	for	ADP
ger-290	216	27	under	under	ADV
ger-290	216	28	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	216	29	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	216	30	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	216	31	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	216	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	216	33	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	216	34	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	216	35	is	be	AUX
ger-290	216	36	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ger-290	216	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	217	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	217	2	following	follow	VERB
ger-290	217	3	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ger-290	217	4	are	be	AUX
ger-290	217	5	offered	offer	VERB
ger-290	217	6	with	with	ADP
ger-290	217	7	this	this	DET
ger-290	217	8	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ger-290	217	9	in	in	ADP
ger-290	217	10	mind	mind	NOUN
ger-290	217	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	218	1	analyze	analyze	VERB
ger-290	218	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	218	3	disaggregate	disaggregate	ADJ
ger-290	218	4	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	218	5	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	218	6	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ger-290	218	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	218	8	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	218	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	218	10	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN
ger-290	218	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	218	12	deficit	deficit	NOUN
ger-290	218	13	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-290	218	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	218	15	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	218	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	218	17	racism	racism	NOUN
ger-290	218	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	218	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	218	20	inequitable	inequitable	ADJ
ger-290	218	21	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-290	218	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	218	23	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	218	24	must	must	AUX
ger-290	218	25	be	be	AUX
ger-290	218	26	recognized	recognize	VERB
ger-290	218	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	218	28	scrutinized	scrutinize	VERB
ger-290	218	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	218	30	investigated	investigate	VERB
ger-290	218	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	218	32	confronted	confront	VERB
ger-290	218	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	218	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	218	35	interrupted	interrupt	VERB
ger-290	218	36	to	to	PART
ger-290	218	37	address	address	VERB
ger-290	218	38	the	the	DET
ger-290	218	39	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	218	40	surrounding	surround	VERB
ger-290	218	41	the	the	DET
ger-290	218	42	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
ger-290	218	43	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	218	44	retention	retention	NOUN
ger-290	218	45	of	of	ADP
ger-290	218	46	under	under	ADV
ger-290	218	47	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	218	48	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	218	49	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	218	50	of	of	ADP
ger-290	218	51	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	218	52	in	in	ADP
ger-290	218	53	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	218	54	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	218	55	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	219	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	219	2	following	follow	VERB
ger-290	219	3	questions	question	NOUN
ger-290	219	4	can	can	AUX
ger-290	219	5	be	be	AUX
ger-290	219	6	used	use	VERB
ger-290	219	7	to	to	PART
ger-290	219	8	redress	redress	VERB
ger-290	219	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	219	10	problematic	problematic	ADJ
ger-290	219	11	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ
ger-290	219	12	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-290	219	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	219	14	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	219	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	219	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	219	17	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ger-290	219	18	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	219	19	●	●	PUNCT
ger-290	219	20	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	219	21	do	do	AUX
ger-290	219	22	screening	screening	NOUN
ger-290	219	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	219	24	referral	referral	NOUN
ger-290	219	25	processes	process	NOUN
ger-290	219	26	account	account	VERB
ger-290	219	27	for	for	ADP
ger-290	219	28	the	the	DET
ger-290	219	29	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	219	30	of	of	ADP
ger-290	219	31	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	219	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	219	33	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	219	34	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	219	35	at	at	ADP
ger-290	219	36	the	the	DET
ger-290	219	37	district	district	NOUN
ger-290	219	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	219	39	state	state	NOUN
ger-290	219	40	level	level	NOUN
ger-290	219	41	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	220	1	●	●	PUNCT
ger-290	220	2	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	220	3	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
ger-290	220	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	220	5	severe	severe	ADJ
ger-290	220	6	is	be	AUX
ger-290	220	7	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	220	8	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	221	1	●	●	PUNCT
ger-290	221	2	which	which	DET
ger-290	221	3	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-290	221	4	mediate	mediate	VERB
ger-290	221	5	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	221	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	221	7	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	221	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	221	9	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	221	10	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	221	11	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	221	12	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	221	13	subjectivity	subjectivity	NOUN
ger-290	221	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	221	15	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN
ger-290	221	16	in	in	ADP
ger-290	221	17	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-290	221	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	221	19	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ger-290	221	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	221	21	values	value	NOUN
ger-290	221	22	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	221	23	subjective	subjective	ADJ
ger-290	221	24	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ger-290	221	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	221	26	such	such	ADJ
ger-290	221	27	as	as	ADP
ger-290	221	28	checklists	checklist	NOUN
ger-290	221	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	221	30	nomination	nomination	NOUN
ger-290	221	31	forms	form	NOUN
ger-290	221	32	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	221	33	biased	biased	ADJ
ger-290	221	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	221	35	unfair	unfair	ADJ
ger-290	221	36	tests	test	NOUN
ger-290	221	37	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	221	38	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
ger-290	221	39	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-290	221	40	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	221	41	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ger-290	221	42	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	221	43	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	222	1	●	●	PUNCT
ger-290	222	2	which	which	DET
ger-290	222	3	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-290	222	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	222	5	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ger-290	222	6	moderate	moderate	ADJ
ger-290	222	7	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	222	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	222	9	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	222	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	222	11	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	222	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	222	13	reliance	reliance	NOUN
ger-290	222	14	on	on	ADP
ger-290	222	15	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	222	16	referral	referral	NOUN
ger-290	222	17	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	222	18	checklist	checklist	NOUN
ger-290	222	19	versus	versus	ADP
ger-290	222	20	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	222	21	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	222	22	wide	wide	ADJ
ger-290	222	23	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-290	222	24	level	level	NOUN
ger-290	222	25	screening	screening	NOUN
ger-290	222	26	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	222	27	parent	parent	NOUN
ger-290	222	28	/	/	SYM
ger-290	222	29	caregiver	caregiver	NOUN
ger-290	222	30	referral	referral	NOUN
ger-290	222	31	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	222	32	checklists	checklist	NOUN
ger-290	222	33	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	222	34	designated	designate	VERB
ger-290	222	35	cutoff	cutoff	NOUN
ger-290	222	36	scores	score	NOUN
ger-290	222	37	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	222	38	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-290	222	39	at	at	ADP
ger-290	222	40	which	which	PRON
ger-290	222	41	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	222	42	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	222	43	begins	begin	VERB
ger-290	222	44	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	222	45	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ger-290	222	46	screening	screening	NOUN
ger-290	222	47	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	222	48	convenience	convenience	NOUN
ger-290	222	49	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	222	50	location	location	NOUN
ger-290	222	51	of	of	ADP
ger-290	222	52	testing	testing	NOUN
ger-290	222	53	sites	site	NOUN
ger-290	222	54	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	222	55	modes	mode	NOUN
ger-290	222	56	of	of	ADP
ger-290	222	57	communicating	communicate	VERB
ger-290	222	58	in	in	ADP
ger-290	222	59	neighborhoods	neighborhood	NOUN
ger-290	222	60	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	222	61	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	223	1	●	●	NOUN
ger-290	223	2	are	be	AUX
ger-290	223	3	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ger-290	223	4	in	in	ADP
ger-290	223	5	place	place	NOUN
ger-290	223	6	to	to	PART
ger-290	223	7	identify	identify	VERB
ger-290	223	8	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	223	9	who	who	PRON
ger-290	223	10	persistently	persistently	ADV
ger-290	223	11	under	under	AUX
ger-290	223	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	223	13	refer	refer	NOUN
ger-290	223	14	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	223	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	223	16	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	223	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	223	18	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	224	1	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	224	2	are	be	AUX
ger-290	224	3	they	they	PRON
ger-290	224	4	supported	support	VERB
ger-290	224	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	224	6	educated	educate	VERB
ger-290	224	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	224	8	trained	train	VERB
ger-290	224	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	224	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	224	11	held	hold	VERB
ger-290	224	12	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ger-290	224	13	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	225	1	●	●	PUNCT
ger-290	225	2	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	225	3	effective	effective	ADJ
ger-290	225	4	are	be	AUX
ger-290	225	5	family	family	NOUN
ger-290	225	6	referrals	referral	NOUN
ger-290	225	7	for	for	ADP
ger-290	225	8	under	under	ADV
ger-290	225	9	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	225	10	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	225	11	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	225	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	225	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	225	14	what	what	DET
ger-290	225	15	support	support	NOUN
ger-290	225	16	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
ger-290	225	17	are	be	AUX
ger-290	225	18	in	in	ADP
ger-290	225	19	place	place	NOUN
ger-290	225	20	to	to	PART
ger-290	225	21	increase	increase	VERB
ger-290	225	22	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ger-290	225	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	225	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	225	25	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	226	1	determine	determine	VERB
ger-290	226	2	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	226	3	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	226	4	goals	goal	NOUN
ger-290	226	5	after	after	ADP
ger-290	226	6	studying	study	VERB
ger-290	226	7	the	the	DET
ger-290	226	8	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN
ger-290	226	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	226	10	root	root	NOUN
ger-290	226	11	causes	cause	NOUN
ger-290	226	12	of	of	ADP
ger-290	226	13	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	226	14	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	226	15	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	226	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	226	17	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	226	18	goals	goal	NOUN
ger-290	226	19	must	must	AUX
ger-290	226	20	be	be	AUX
ger-290	226	21	set	set	VERB
ger-290	226	22	to	to	PART
ger-290	226	23	desegregate	desegregate	VERB
ger-290	226	24	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	226	25	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	226	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	227	1	we	we	PRON
ger-290	227	2	propose	propose	VERB
ger-290	227	3	using	use	VERB
ger-290	227	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	227	5	20	20	NUM
ger-290	227	6	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	227	7	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	227	8	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	227	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	227	10	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	227	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	227	12	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	227	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	227	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	228	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	228	2	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	228	3	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	228	4	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
ger-290	228	5	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	228	6	giftedness	giftedness	NOUN
ger-290	228	7	exists	exist	VERB
ger-290	228	8	in	in	ADP
ger-290	228	9	every	every	DET
ger-290	228	10	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	228	11	group	group	NOUN
ger-290	228	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	229	1	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	229	2	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	229	3	experiential	experiential	ADJ
ger-290	229	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	229	5	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	229	6	funds	fund	NOUN
ger-290	229	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	229	8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	229	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	229	10	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	229	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	229	12	learn	learn	VERB
ger-290	229	13	are	be	AUX
ger-290	229	14	not	not	PART
ger-290	229	15	always	always	ADV
ger-290	229	16	equally	equally	ADV
ger-290	229	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	229	18	equitably	equitably	ADV
ger-290	229	19	distributed	distribute	VERB
ger-290	229	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	230	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	230	2	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	230	3	allowance	allowance	NOUN
ger-290	230	4	is	be	AUX
ger-290	230	5	a	a	DET
ger-290	230	6	quantifiable	quantifiable	ADJ
ger-290	230	7	metric	metric	NOUN
ger-290	230	8	that	that	PRON
ger-290	230	9	accounts	account	VERB
ger-290	230	10	for	for	ADP
ger-290	230	11	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-290	230	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	230	13	injustices	injustice	NOUN
ger-290	230	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	230	15	thereby	thereby	ADV
ger-290	230	16	opening	open	VERB
ger-290	230	17	doors	door	NOUN
ger-290	230	18	for	for	ADP
ger-290	230	19	many	many	ADJ
ger-290	230	20	non	non	ADJ
ger-290	230	21	-	-	ADJ
ger-290	230	22	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	230	23	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	230	24	who	who	PRON
ger-290	230	25	might	might	AUX
ger-290	230	26	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
ger-290	230	27	not	not	PART
ger-290	230	28	be	be	AUX
ger-290	230	29	identified	identify	VERB
ger-290	230	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	230	31	served	serve	VERB
ger-290	230	32	in	in	ADP
ger-290	230	33	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	230	34	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	230	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	231	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ger-290	231	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	231	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	231	4	formula	formula	NOUN
ger-290	231	5	safeguards	safeguard	VERB
ger-290	231	6	claims	claim	NOUN
ger-290	231	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	231	8	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	231	9	that	that	PRON
ger-290	231	10	typically	typically	ADV
ger-290	231	11	can	can	AUX
ger-290	231	12	be	be	AUX
ger-290	231	13	described	describe	VERB
ger-290	231	14	as	as	ADP
ger-290	231	15	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	231	16	to	to	ADP
ger-290	231	17	those	those	PRON
ger-290	231	18	who	who	PRON
ger-290	231	19	are	be	AUX
ger-290	231	20	not	not	PART
ger-290	231	21	part	part	NOUN
ger-290	231	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	231	23	the	the	DET
ger-290	231	24	status	status	NOUN
ger-290	231	25	quo	quo	NOUN
ger-290	231	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	232	1	collect	collect	VERB
ger-290	232	2	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	232	3	on	on	ADP
ger-290	232	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	232	5	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-290	232	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	232	7	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	232	8	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	232	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	232	10	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	232	11	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	232	12	what	what	PRON
ger-290	232	13	are	be	AUX
ger-290	232	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	232	15	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-290	232	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	232	17	former	former	ADJ
ger-290	232	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	232	19	current	current	ADJ
ger-290	232	20	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	232	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	232	22	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	232	23	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	232	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	232	25	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	232	26	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	232	27	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	233	1	examine	examine	VERB
ger-290	233	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	233	3	intersections	intersection	NOUN
ger-290	233	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	233	5	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-290	233	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	233	7	class	class	NOUN
ger-290	233	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	233	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	233	10	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	233	11	by	by	ADP
ger-290	233	12	disaggregating	disaggregate	VERB
ger-290	233	13	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	233	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	234	1	disaggregate	disaggregate	ADJ
ger-290	234	2	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	234	3	by	by	ADP
ger-290	234	4	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-290	234	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	234	6	income	income	NOUN
ger-290	234	7	–	–	PUNCT
ger-290	234	8	what	what	PRON
ger-290	234	9	are	be	AUX
ger-290	234	10	the	the	DET
ger-290	234	11	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	234	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	234	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	234	14	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	234	15	57	57	NUM
ger-290	234	16	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-290	234	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	234	18	males	male	NOUN
ger-290	234	19	compared	compare	VERB
ger-290	234	20	to	to	ADP
ger-290	234	21	females	female	NOUN
ger-290	234	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	234	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	234	24	low	low	ADJ
ger-290	234	25	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	234	26	income	income	NOUN
ger-290	234	27	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	234	28	compared	compare	VERB
ger-290	234	29	to	to	ADP
ger-290	234	30	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-290	234	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	234	32	high	high	ADJ
ger-290	234	33	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	234	34	income	income	NOUN
ger-290	234	35	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	234	36	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	235	1	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-290	235	2	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	235	3	collection	collection	NOUN
ger-290	235	4	methods	method	NOUN
ger-290	235	5	should	should	AUX
ger-290	235	6	be	be	AUX
ger-290	235	7	employed	employ	VERB
ger-290	235	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	236	1	for	for	ADP
ger-290	236	2	example	example	NOUN
ger-290	236	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	236	4	surveys	survey	NOUN
ger-290	236	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	236	6	interviews	interview	NOUN
ger-290	236	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	236	8	focus	focus	NOUN
ger-290	236	9	groups	group	NOUN
ger-290	236	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	236	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	236	12	case	case	NOUN
ger-290	236	13	studies	study	NOUN
ger-290	236	14	should	should	AUX
ger-290	236	15	all	all	ADV
ger-290	236	16	be	be	AUX
ger-290	236	17	utilized	utilize	VERB
ger-290	236	18	to	to	PART
ger-290	236	19	gather	gather	VERB
ger-290	236	20	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	236	21	from	from	ADP
ger-290	236	22	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	236	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	236	24	families	family	NOUN
ger-290	236	25	regarding	regard	VERB
ger-290	236	26	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	236	27	their	their	PRON
ger-290	236	28	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-290	236	29	can	can	AUX
ger-290	236	30	be	be	AUX
ger-290	236	31	useful	useful	ADJ
ger-290	236	32	for	for	ADP
ger-290	236	33	both	both	DET
ger-290	236	34	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
ger-290	236	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	236	36	retention	retention	NOUN
ger-290	236	37	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	236	38	to	to	PART
ger-290	236	39	disrupt	disrupt	VERB
ger-290	236	40	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	236	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	236	42	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ger-290	236	43	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	236	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	237	1	it	it	PRON
ger-290	237	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	237	3	essential	essential	ADJ
ger-290	237	4	to	to	PART
ger-290	237	5	study	study	VERB
ger-290	237	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	237	7	implicit	implicit	ADJ
ger-290	237	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	237	9	explicit	explicit	ADJ
ger-290	237	10	motivating	motivating	NOUN
ger-290	237	11	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-290	237	12	that	that	PRON
ger-290	237	13	support	support	VERB
ger-290	237	14	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ger-290	237	15	in	in	ADP
ger-290	237	16	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	237	17	classes	class	NOUN
ger-290	237	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	238	1	aside	aside	ADV
ger-290	238	2	from	from	ADP
ger-290	238	3	families	family	NOUN
ger-290	238	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	238	5	peers	peer	NOUN
ger-290	238	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	238	7	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	238	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	238	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	238	10	the	the	DET
ger-290	238	11	community	community	NOUN
ger-290	238	12	there	there	PRON
ger-290	238	13	are	be	VERB
ger-290	238	14	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	238	15	unique	unique	ADJ
ger-290	238	16	socializing	socializing	NOUN
ger-290	238	17	agents	agent	NOUN
ger-290	238	18	that	that	PRON
ger-290	238	19	warrant	warrant	VERB
ger-290	238	20	further	further	ADJ
ger-290	238	21	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ger-290	238	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	239	1	●	●	PUNCT
ger-290	239	2	do	do	AUX
ger-290	239	3	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	239	4	feel	feel	VERB
ger-290	239	5	welcome	welcome	ADJ
ger-290	239	6	in	in	ADP
ger-290	239	7	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	239	8	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	239	9	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	240	1	●	●	PUNCT
ger-290	240	2	do	do	AUX
ger-290	240	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	240	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	240	5	counselors	counselor	NOUN
ger-290	240	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	240	7	administrators	administrator	NOUN
ger-290	240	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	240	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	240	10	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	240	11	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	240	12	personnel	personnel	NOUN
ger-290	240	13	affirm	affirm	NOUN
ger-290	240	14	gifted	gift	VERB
ger-290	240	15	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	240	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	240	17	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	240	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	240	19	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	241	1	●	●	PUNCT
ger-290	241	2	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	241	3	do	do	AUX
ger-290	241	4	gifted	gift	VERB
ger-290	241	5	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	241	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	241	7	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	241	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	241	9	find	find	VERB
ger-290	241	10	ways	way	NOUN
ger-290	241	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	241	12	excel	excel	VERB
ger-290	241	13	rather	rather	ADV
ger-290	241	14	than	than	ADP
ger-290	241	15	exist	exist	VERB
ger-290	241	16	in	in	ADP
ger-290	241	17	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	241	18	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	241	19	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	242	1	●	●	PUNCT
ger-290	242	2	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	242	3	supportive	supportive	ADJ
ger-290	242	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	242	5	involved	involve	VERB
ger-290	242	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	242	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	242	8	informed	inform	VERB
ger-290	242	9	are	be	AUX
ger-290	242	10	their	their	PRON
ger-290	242	11	families	family	NOUN
ger-290	242	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	242	13	order	order	NOUN
ger-290	242	14	to	to	PART
ger-290	242	15	serve	serve	VERB
ger-290	242	16	as	as	ADP
ger-290	242	17	advocates	advocate	NOUN
ger-290	242	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	242	19	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	242	20	brokers	broker	NOUN
ger-290	242	21	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	243	1	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
ger-290	243	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	243	3	promote	promote	VERB
ger-290	243	4	preand	preand	NOUN
ger-290	243	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	243	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	243	7	service	service	NOUN
ger-290	243	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	243	9	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	243	10	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-290	243	11	in	in	ADP
ger-290	243	12	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	243	13	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	243	14	despite	despite	SCONJ
ger-290	243	15	their	their	PRON
ger-290	243	16	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
ger-290	243	17	for	for	ADP
ger-290	243	18	referrals	referral	NOUN
ger-290	243	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	243	20	nominations	nomination	NOUN
ger-290	243	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	243	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	243	23	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-290	243	24	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	243	25	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	243	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	243	27	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	243	28	remain	remain	VERB
ger-290	243	29	under	under	ADV
ger-290	243	30	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	243	31	prepared	prepared	ADJ
ger-290	243	32	in	in	ADP
ger-290	243	33	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	243	34	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	243	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	244	1	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	244	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	244	3	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-290	244	4	is	be	AUX
ger-290	244	5	essential	essential	ADJ
ger-290	244	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	244	7	can	can	AUX
ger-290	244	8	take	take	VERB
ger-290	244	9	place	place	NOUN
ger-290	244	10	via	via	ADP
ger-290	244	11	coursework	coursework	NOUN
ger-290	244	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	244	13	degree	degree	NOUN
ger-290	244	14	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	244	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	244	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	244	17	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-290	244	18	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	244	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	244	20	conferences	conference	NOUN
ger-290	244	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	244	22	in	in	ADP
ger-290	244	23	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	244	24	service	service	NOUN
ger-290	244	25	workshops	workshop	NOUN
ger-290	244	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	244	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	245	1	training	training	NOUN
ger-290	245	2	must	must	AUX
ger-290	245	3	be	be	AUX
ger-290	245	4	perpetual	perpetual	ADJ
ger-290	245	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	245	6	substantive	substantive	ADJ
ger-290	245	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	8	which	which	PRON
ger-290	245	9	means	mean	VERB
ger-290	245	10	targeting	target	VERB
ger-290	245	11	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	245	12	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	245	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	245	14	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-290	245	15	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ger-290	245	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	17	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-290	245	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	245	19	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ger-290	245	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	245	22	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	245	23	-affective	-affective	NOUN
ger-290	245	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	25	psychological	psychological	ADJ
ger-290	245	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	27	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-290	245	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	29	social	social	ADJ
ger-290	245	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	245	32	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	245	33	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	245	34	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	245	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	36	2010	2010	NUM
ger-290	245	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	38	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	245	39	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	245	40	young	young	ADJ
ger-290	245	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	245	42	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	245	43	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	245	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	246	1	another	another	DET
ger-290	246	2	issue	issue	NOUN
ger-290	246	3	that	that	PRON
ger-290	246	4	deserves	deserve	VERB
ger-290	246	5	similar	similar	ADJ
ger-290	246	6	attention	attention	NOUN
ger-290	246	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	246	8	the	the	DET
ger-290	246	9	absence	absence	NOUN
ger-290	246	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	246	11	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	246	12	of	of	ADP
ger-290	246	13	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	246	14	in	in	ADP
ger-290	246	15	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	246	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	246	17	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	246	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	246	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	246	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	246	21	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	246	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	246	23	counselors	counselor	NOUN
ger-290	246	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	246	25	administrators	administrator	NOUN
ger-290	246	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	246	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	247	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	247	2	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-290	247	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	247	4	current	current	ADJ
ger-290	247	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	247	6	future	future	ADJ
ger-290	247	7	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	247	8	to	to	PART
ger-290	247	9	teach	teach	VERB
ger-290	247	10	in	in	ADP
ger-290	247	11	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	247	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	247	13	calls	call	NOUN
ger-290	247	14	for	for	ADP
ger-290	247	15	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ger-290	247	16	consideration	consideration	NOUN
ger-290	247	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	247	18	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	247	19	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
ger-290	247	20	as	as	ADP
ger-290	247	21	a	a	DET
ger-290	247	22	preferred	preferred	ADJ
ger-290	247	23	disposition	disposition	NOUN
ger-290	247	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	247	25	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	247	26	in	in	ADP
ger-290	247	27	general	general	ADJ
ger-290	247	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	247	29	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	247	30	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	247	31	in	in	ADP
ger-290	247	32	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-290	247	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	248	1	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	248	2	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
ger-290	248	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	248	4	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	248	5	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	248	6	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	248	7	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	248	8	are	be	AUX
ger-290	248	9	adept	adept	ADJ
ger-290	248	10	at	at	ADP
ger-290	248	11	motivating	motivate	VERB
ger-290	248	12	all	all	DET
ger-290	248	13	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	248	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	248	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	248	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	248	17	understand	understand	VERB
ger-290	248	18	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	248	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	248	20	of	of	ADP
ger-290	248	21	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	248	22	may	may	AUX
ger-290	248	23	face	face	VERB
ger-290	248	24	more	more	ADJ
ger-290	248	25	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ger-290	248	26	than	than	ADP
ger-290	248	27	their	their	PRON
ger-290	248	28	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	248	29	classmates	classmate	NOUN
ger-290	248	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	248	31	peers	peer	NOUN
ger-290	248	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	248	33	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	248	34	already	already	ADV
ger-290	248	35	noted	note	VERB
ger-290	248	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	249	1	they	they	PRON
ger-290	249	2	recognize	recognize	VERB
ger-290	249	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	249	4	importance	importance	NOUN
ger-290	249	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	249	6	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-290	249	7	forms	form	NOUN
ger-290	249	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	249	9	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ger-290	249	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	250	1	successful	successful	ADJ
ger-290	250	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	250	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	250	4	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	250	5	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	250	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	250	7	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	250	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	250	9	motivate	motivate	VERB
ger-290	250	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	250	11	affirm	affirm	ADJ
ger-290	250	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	250	13	-cognitively	-cognitively	ADV
ger-290	250	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	250	15	academically	academically	ADV
ger-290	250	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	250	17	socially	socially	ADV
ger-290	250	18	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	250	19	emotionally	emotionally	ADV
ger-290	250	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	250	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	250	22	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	250	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	251	1	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	251	2	competence	competence	NOUN
ger-290	251	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	251	4	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	251	5	responsiveness	responsiveness	NOUN
ger-290	251	6	are	be	AUX
ger-290	251	7	one	one	NUM
ger-290	251	8	in	in	ADP
ger-290	251	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	251	10	same	same	ADJ
ger-290	251	11	for	for	ADP
ger-290	251	12	effective	effective	ADJ
ger-290	251	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	251	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	251	15	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	251	16	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	251	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	251	18	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	251	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	252	1	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
ger-290	252	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	252	3	promote	promote	VERB
ger-290	252	4	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	252	5	competence	competence	NOUN
ger-290	252	6	among	among	ADP
ger-290	252	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	252	8	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	252	9	who	who	PRON
ger-290	252	10	lack	lack	VERB
ger-290	252	11	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	252	12	competence	competence	NOUN
ger-290	252	13	risk	risk	NOUN
ger-290	252	14	misinterpreting	misinterpreting	NOUN
ger-290	252	15	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	252	16	worse	bad	ADJ
ger-290	252	17	undermining	undermine	VERB
ger-290	252	18	the	the	DET
ger-290	252	19	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	252	20	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-290	252	21	of	of	ADP
ger-290	252	22	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	252	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	252	24	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	252	25	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	252	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	252	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	252	28	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	252	29	contribute	contribute	VERB
ger-290	252	30	to	to	ADP
ger-290	252	31	segregated	segregated	ADJ
ger-290	252	32	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	252	33	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	252	34	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	252	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	253	1	formal	formal	ADJ
ger-290	253	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	253	3	substantive	substantive	ADJ
ger-290	253	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	253	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	253	6	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ger-290	253	7	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	253	8	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-290	253	9	helps	help	VERB
ger-290	253	10	ensure	ensure	VERB
ger-290	253	11	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	253	12	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	253	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	253	14	banks	bank	NOUN
ger-290	253	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	253	16	2010	2010	NUM
ger-290	253	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	253	18	2015	2015	NUM
ger-290	253	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	253	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	254	1	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-290	254	2	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	254	3	on	on	ADP
ger-290	254	4	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	254	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	254	6	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	254	7	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-290	254	8	must	must	AUX
ger-290	254	9	be	be	AUX
ger-290	254	10	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ger-290	254	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	254	12	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-290	254	13	surface	surface	NOUN
ger-290	254	14	level	level	NOUN
ger-290	254	15	applications	application	NOUN
ger-290	254	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	255	1	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-290	255	2	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	255	3	activities	activity	NOUN
ger-290	255	4	should	should	AUX
ger-290	255	5	include	include	VERB
ger-290	255	6	defining	define	VERB
ger-290	255	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	255	8	understanding	understand	VERB
ger-290	255	9	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	255	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	255	11	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	255	12	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-290	255	13	without	without	ADP
ger-290	255	14	a	a	DET
ger-290	255	15	deficit	deficit	NOUN
ger-290	255	16	orientation	orientation	NOUN
ger-290	255	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	255	18	recognizing	recognize	VERB
ger-290	255	19	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	255	20	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	255	21	impacts	impact	VERB
ger-290	255	22	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-290	255	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	255	24	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-290	255	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	255	26	testing	testing	NOUN
ger-290	255	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	255	28	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-290	255	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	255	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	255	31	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	255	32	environment	environment	NOUN
ger-290	255	33	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	255	34	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-290	255	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	255	36	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-290	255	37	with	with	ADP
ger-290	255	38	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	255	39	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	255	40	classmates	classmate	NOUN
ger-290	255	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	255	42	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	255	43	management	management	NOUN
ger-290	255	44	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	255	45	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	256	1	field	field	NOUN
ger-290	256	2	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-290	256	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	256	4	participation	participation	NOUN
ger-290	256	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	256	6	community	community	NOUN
ger-290	256	7	events	event	NOUN
ger-290	256	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	256	9	58	58	NUM
ger-290	256	10	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	256	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	256	12	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	256	13	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ger-290	256	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	256	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	256	16	family	family	NOUN
ger-290	256	17	visits	visit	NOUN
ger-290	256	18	are	be	AUX
ger-290	256	19	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	256	20	for	for	SCONJ
ger-290	256	21	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	256	22	to	to	PART
ger-290	256	23	discover	discover	VERB
ger-290	256	24	the	the	DET
ger-290	256	25	unique	unique	ADJ
ger-290	256	26	funds	fund	NOUN
ger-290	256	27	of	of	ADP
ger-290	256	28	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	256	29	present	present	ADJ
ger-290	256	30	in	in	ADP
ger-290	256	31	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	256	32	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	256	33	of	of	ADP
ger-290	256	34	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	256	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	257	1	again	again	ADV
ger-290	257	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	257	3	it	it	PRON
ger-290	257	4	is	be	AUX
ger-290	257	5	vital	vital	ADJ
ger-290	257	6	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	257	7	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	257	8	connect	connect	VERB
ger-290	257	9	with	with	ADP
ger-290	257	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	257	11	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	257	12	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	257	13	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	257	14	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	257	15	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	257	16	their	their	PRON
ger-290	257	17	work	work	NOUN
ger-290	257	18	is	be	AUX
ger-290	257	19	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	257	20	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	257	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	257	22	affirming	affirm	VERB
ger-290	257	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	258	1	increase	increase	VERB
ger-290	258	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	258	3	demographics	demographic	NOUN
ger-290	258	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	258	5	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	258	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	258	7	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	258	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	258	9	in	in	ADP
ger-290	258	10	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	258	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	258	12	white	white	PROPN
ger-290	258	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	258	14	comprise	comprise	VERB
ger-290	258	15	a	a	DET
ger-290	258	16	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-290	258	17	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ger-290	258	18	of	of	ADP
ger-290	258	19	the	the	DET
ger-290	258	20	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	258	21	profession	profession	NOUN
ger-290	258	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	258	23	kena	kena	PROPN
ger-290	258	24	et	et	PROPN
ger-290	258	25	al	al	PROPN
ger-290	258	26	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	258	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	258	28	2014	2014	NUM
ger-290	258	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	258	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	259	1	nationally	nationally	ADV
ger-290	259	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	259	3	whites	white	NOUN
ger-290	259	4	comprise	comprise	VERB
ger-290	259	5	85	85	NUM
ger-290	259	6	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	259	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	259	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	259	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	259	10	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	259	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	259	12	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	259	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	259	14	each	each	PRON
ger-290	259	15	represent	represent	VERB
ger-290	259	16	7	7	NUM
ger-290	259	17	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	259	18	of	of	ADP
ger-290	259	19	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	259	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	259	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	259	22	asians	asian	NOUN
ger-290	259	23	are	be	AUX
ger-290	259	24	1	1	NUM
ger-290	259	25	%	%	NOUN
ger-290	259	26	of	of	ADP
ger-290	259	27	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	259	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	260	1	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	260	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	260	3	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	260	4	from	from	ADP
ger-290	260	5	every	every	DET
ger-290	260	6	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	260	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	260	8	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	260	9	background	background	NOUN
ger-290	260	10	continue	continue	VERB
ger-290	260	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	260	12	graduate	graduate	VERB
ger-290	260	13	without	without	ADP
ger-290	260	14	ever	ever	ADV
ger-290	260	15	having	have	VERB
ger-290	260	16	a	a	DET
ger-290	260	17	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	260	18	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	260	19	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	260	20	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	260	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	260	22	counselor	counselor	NOUN
ger-290	260	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	260	24	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	260	25	psychologist	psychologist	NOUN
ger-290	260	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	260	27	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	260	28	administrator	administrator	NOUN
ger-290	260	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	261	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	261	2	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	261	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	261	4	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	261	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	261	6	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	261	7	in	in	ADP
ger-290	261	8	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	261	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	261	10	is	be	AUX
ger-290	261	11	even	even	ADV
ger-290	261	12	more	more	ADV
ger-290	261	13	disproportionate	disproportionate	ADJ
ger-290	261	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	261	15	where	where	SCONJ
ger-290	261	16	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	261	17	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	261	18	are	be	AUX
ger-290	261	19	practically	practically	ADV
ger-290	261	20	invisible	invisible	ADJ
ger-290	261	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	261	22	ford	ford	NOUN
ger-290	261	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	261	24	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	261	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	261	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	262	1	is	be	AUX
ger-290	262	2	this	this	PRON
ger-290	262	3	due	due	ADJ
ger-290	262	4	to	to	ADP
ger-290	262	5	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	262	6	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	262	7	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	262	8	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	262	9	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	262	10	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	262	11	both	both	PRON
ger-290	262	12	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	263	1	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	263	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	263	3	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-290	263	4	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-290	263	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	263	6	can	can	AUX
ger-290	263	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	263	8	do	do	AUX
ger-290	263	9	serve	serve	VERB
ger-290	263	10	as	as	ADP
ger-290	263	11	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	263	12	brokers	broker	NOUN
ger-290	263	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	263	14	role	role	NOUN
ger-290	263	15	models	model	NOUN
ger-290	263	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	263	17	mentors	mentor	NOUN
ger-290	263	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	263	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	263	20	strong	strong	ADJ
ger-290	263	21	advocates	advocate	NOUN
ger-290	263	22	for	for	ADP
ger-290	263	23	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	263	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	263	25	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	263	26	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	263	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	263	28	delpit	delpit	PROPN
ger-290	263	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	263	30	2012	2012	NUM
ger-290	263	31	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	263	32	gay	gay	NOUN
ger-290	263	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	263	34	2010	2010	NUM
ger-290	263	35	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	263	36	grissom	grissom	PROPN
ger-290	263	37	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	263	38	redding	redding	PROPN
ger-290	263	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	263	40	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	263	41	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	263	42	ladsonbillings	ladsonbilling	NOUN
ger-290	263	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	263	44	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	263	45	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	263	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	264	1	thus	thus	ADV
ger-290	264	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	264	3	their	their	PRON
ger-290	264	4	presence	presence	NOUN
ger-290	264	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	264	6	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	264	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	264	8	is	be	AUX
ger-290	264	9	equally	equally	ADV
ger-290	264	10	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ger-290	264	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	265	1	summary	summary	NOUN
ger-290	265	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	265	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ger-290	265	4	in	in	ADP
ger-290	265	5	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-290	265	6	vs.	vs.	ADP
ger-290	265	7	board	board	NOUN
ger-290	265	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	265	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	265	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	265	11	1954	1954	NUM
ger-290	265	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	265	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	265	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	265	15	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	265	16	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	265	17	supreme	supreme	PROPN
ger-290	265	18	court	court	PROPN
ger-290	265	19	ruled	rule	VERB
ger-290	265	20	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	265	21	segregating	segregate	VERB
ger-290	265	22	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	265	23	on	on	ADP
ger-290	265	24	the	the	DET
ger-290	265	25	basis	basis	NOUN
ger-290	265	26	of	of	ADP
ger-290	265	27	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	265	28	was	be	AUX
ger-290	265	29	unconstitutional	unconstitutional	ADJ
ger-290	265	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	266	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	266	2	landmark	landmark	PROPN
ger-290	266	3	court	court	NOUN
ger-290	266	4	ruling	ruling	NOUN
ger-290	266	5	signaled	signal	VERB
ger-290	266	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	266	7	end	end	NOUN
ger-290	266	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	266	9	legalized	legalize	VERB
ger-290	266	10	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	266	11	segregation	segregation	NOUN
ger-290	266	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	266	13	our	our	PRON
ger-290	266	14	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-290	266	15	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	266	16	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	266	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	266	18	overruling	overrule	VERB
ger-290	266	19	the	the	DET
ger-290	266	20	‘	'	PUNCT
ger-290	266	21	separate	separate	ADJ
ger-290	266	22	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	266	23	equal	equal	ADJ
ger-290	266	24	’	'	PUNCT
ger-290	266	25	principle	principle	NOUN
ger-290	266	26	set	set	VERB
ger-290	266	27	forth	forth	ADP
ger-290	266	28	in	in	ADP
ger-290	266	29	the	the	DET
ger-290	266	30	1896	1896	NUM
ger-290	266	31	plessy	plessy	NOUN
ger-290	266	32	v.	v.	ADP
ger-290	266	33	ferguson	ferguson	PROPN
ger-290	266	34	case	case	NOUN
ger-290	266	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	267	1	yet	yet	ADV
ger-290	267	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	267	3	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	267	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	267	5	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	267	6	to	to	PART
ger-290	267	7	safeguard	safeguard	VERB
ger-290	267	8	the	the	DET
ger-290	267	9	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	267	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	267	11	segregation	segregation	NOUN
ger-290	267	12	endures	endure	VERB
ger-290	267	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	267	14	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	267	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	267	16	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	267	17	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	267	18	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	267	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	268	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	268	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	268	3	mcfadden	mcfadden	PROPN
ger-290	268	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	268	5	2013	2013	NUM
ger-290	268	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	268	7	ruling	ruling	NOUN
ger-290	268	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	268	9	the	the	DET
ger-290	268	10	presence	presence	NOUN
ger-290	268	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	268	12	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ger-290	268	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	268	14	intentional	intentional	ADJ
ger-290	268	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	268	16	unintentional	unintentional	ADJ
ger-290	268	17	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	268	18	in	in	ADP
ger-290	268	19	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	268	20	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	268	21	was	be	AUX
ger-290	268	22	brought	bring	VERB
ger-290	268	23	to	to	ADP
ger-290	268	24	light	light	NOUN
ger-290	268	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	269	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	269	2	court	court	NOUN
ger-290	269	3	ruling	ruling	NOUN
ger-290	269	4	serves	serve	VERB
ger-290	269	5	as	as	ADP
ger-290	269	6	a	a	DET
ger-290	269	7	reminder	reminder	NOUN
ger-290	269	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	269	9	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	269	10	is	be	AUX
ger-290	269	11	alive	alive	ADJ
ger-290	269	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	269	13	present	present	ADJ
ger-290	269	14	in	in	ADP
ger-290	269	15	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	269	16	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	269	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	270	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-290	270	2	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	270	3	districts	district	NOUN
ger-290	270	4	may	may	AUX
ger-290	270	5	not	not	PART
ger-290	270	6	have	have	AUX
ger-290	270	7	been	be	AUX
ger-290	270	8	found	find	VERB
ger-290	270	9	guilty	guilty	ADJ
ger-290	270	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	270	11	intentional	intentional	ADJ
ger-290	270	12	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
ger-290	270	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	270	14	it	it	PRON
ger-290	270	15	is	be	AUX
ger-290	270	16	clear	clear	ADJ
ger-290	270	17	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	270	18	de	de	X
ger-290	270	19	facto	facto	X
ger-290	270	20	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	270	21	de	de	ADP
ger-290	270	22	jure	jure	NOUN
ger-290	270	23	segregation	segregation	NOUN
ger-290	270	24	is	be	AUX
ger-290	270	25	operating	operate	VERB
ger-290	270	26	–	–	PUNCT
ger-290	270	27	unintentionally	unintentionally	ADV
ger-290	270	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	270	29	intentionally	intentionally	ADV
ger-290	270	30	–	–	PUNCT
ger-290	270	31	in	in	ADP
ger-290	270	32	many	many	ADJ
ger-290	270	33	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	270	34	districts	district	NOUN
ger-290	270	35	all	all	ADV
ger-290	270	36	under	under	ADP
ger-290	270	37	the	the	DET
ger-290	270	38	guise	guise	NOUN
ger-290	270	39	of	of	ADP
ger-290	270	40	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	270	41	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	270	42	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	270	43	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	270	44	what	what	PRON
ger-290	270	45	is	be	AUX
ger-290	270	46	really	really	ADV
ger-290	270	47	operating	operate	VERB
ger-290	270	48	is	be	AUX
ger-290	270	49	a	a	DET
ger-290	270	50	type	type	NOUN
ger-290	270	51	of	of	ADP
ger-290	270	52	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	270	53	to	to	ADP
ger-290	270	54	the	the	DET
ger-290	270	55	status	status	NOUN
ger-290	270	56	quo	quo	NOUN
ger-290	270	57	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	271	1	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	271	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	271	3	professionals	professional	NOUN
ger-290	271	4	must	must	AUX
ger-290	271	5	abide	abide	VERB
ger-290	271	6	by	by	ADP
ger-290	271	7	the	the	DET
ger-290	271	8	spirit	spirit	NOUN
ger-290	271	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	271	10	law	law	NOUN
ger-290	271	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	271	12	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-290	271	13	v.	v.	ADP
ger-290	271	14	board	board	PROPN
ger-290	271	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	271	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	271	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	271	18	1954	1954	NUM
ger-290	271	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	271	20	regarding	regard	VERB
ger-290	271	21	desegregating	desegregate	VERB
ger-290	271	22	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	271	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	271	24	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	271	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	271	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	271	27	services	service	NOUN
ger-290	271	28	in	in	ADP
ger-290	271	29	principle	principle	NOUN
ger-290	271	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	271	31	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	271	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	272	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ger-290	272	2	small	small	ADJ
ger-290	272	3	steps	step	NOUN
ger-290	272	4	in	in	ADP
ger-290	272	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	272	6	right	right	ADJ
ger-290	272	7	direction	direction	NOUN
ger-290	272	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	272	9	under	under	ADP
ger-290	272	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	272	11	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-290	272	12	remains	remain	VERB
ger-290	272	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	272	14	these	these	DET
ger-290	272	15	strides	stride	NOUN
ger-290	272	16	have	have	AUX
ger-290	272	17	been	be	AUX
ger-290	272	18	insignificant	insignificant	ADJ
ger-290	272	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	272	20	inequitable	inequitable	ADJ
ger-290	272	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	273	1	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	273	2	must	must	AUX
ger-290	273	3	be	be	AUX
ger-290	273	4	proactive	proactive	ADJ
ger-290	273	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	273	6	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
ger-290	273	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	273	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	273	9	diligent	diligent	ADJ
ger-290	273	10	about	about	ADP
ger-290	273	11	eliminating	eliminate	VERB
ger-290	273	12	intentional	intentional	ADJ
ger-290	273	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	273	14	unintentional	unintentional	ADJ
ger-290	273	15	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ger-290	273	16	to	to	ADP
ger-290	273	17	recruiting	recruit	VERB
ger-290	273	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	273	19	retaining	retain	VERB
ger-290	273	20	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	273	21	of	of	ADP
ger-290	273	22	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	273	23	in	in	ADP
ger-290	273	24	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	273	25	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	273	26	-to	-to	ADP
ger-290	273	27	desegregating	desegregate	VERB
ger-290	273	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	273	29	integrating	integrate	VERB
ger-290	273	30	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	273	31	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	273	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	273	33	see	see	VERB
ger-290	273	34	griggs	griggs	PROPN
ger-290	273	35	v.	v.	ADP
ger-290	273	36	duke	duke	PROPN
ger-290	273	37	power	power	PROPN
ger-290	273	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	273	39	1971	1971	NUM
ger-290	273	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	273	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	274	1	this	this	DET
ger-290	274	2	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	274	3	ends	end	VERB
ger-290	274	4	with	with	ADP
ger-290	274	5	five	five	NUM
ger-290	274	6	primary	primary	ADJ
ger-290	274	7	takeaways	takeaway	NOUN
ger-290	274	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	274	9	several	several	ADJ
ger-290	274	10	additional	additional	ADJ
ger-290	274	11	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ger-290	274	12	questions	question	NOUN
ger-290	274	13	to	to	PART
ger-290	274	14	challenge	challenge	VERB
ger-290	274	15	claims	claim	NOUN
ger-290	274	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	274	17	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	274	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	274	19	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	274	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	275	1	primary	primary	ADJ
ger-290	275	2	takeaways	takeaway	NOUN
ger-290	275	3	to	to	PART
ger-290	275	4	create	create	VERB
ger-290	275	5	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	275	6	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	275	7	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	275	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	275	9	services	service	NOUN
ger-290	275	10	for	for	ADP
ger-290	275	11	all	all	DET
ger-290	275	12	nations	nation	NOUN
ger-290	275	13	include	include	VERB
ger-290	275	14	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	275	15	1	1	X
ger-290	275	16	.	.	X
ger-290	275	17	denying	deny	VERB
ger-290	275	18	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	275	19	to	to	ADP
ger-290	275	20	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	275	21	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	275	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	275	23	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-290	275	24	intentional	intentional	ADJ
ger-290	275	25	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	275	26	unintentional	unintentional	ADJ
ger-290	275	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	275	28	leads	lead	VERB
ger-290	275	29	to	to	ADP
ger-290	275	30	–	–	PUNCT
ger-290	275	31	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	275	32	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	275	33	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	275	34	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	275	35	2	2	X
ger-290	275	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	275	37	to	to	PART
ger-290	275	38	improve	improve	VERB
ger-290	275	39	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	275	40	to	to	ADP
ger-290	275	41	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	275	42	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	275	43	for	for	ADP
ger-290	275	44	under	under	ADV
ger-290	275	45	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	275	46	identified	identify	VERB
ger-290	275	47	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	275	48	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	275	49	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	275	50	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	275	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	275	52	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	275	53	must	must	AUX
ger-290	275	54	determine	determine	VERB
ger-290	275	55	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	275	56	goals	goal	NOUN
ger-290	275	57	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	275	58	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	275	59	they	they	PRON
ger-290	275	60	will	will	AUX
ger-290	275	61	make	make	VERB
ger-290	275	62	changes	change	NOUN
ger-290	275	63	to	to	PART
ger-290	275	64	meet	meet	VERB
ger-290	275	65	the	the	DET
ger-290	275	66	goals	goal	NOUN
ger-290	275	67	despite	despite	SCONJ
ger-290	275	68	the	the	DET
ger-290	275	69	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ger-290	275	70	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	276	1	3	3	X
ger-290	276	2	.	.	X
ger-290	276	3	decreasing	decrease	VERB
ger-290	276	4	under	under	NOUN
ger-290	276	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	276	6	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	276	7	requires	require	VERB
ger-290	276	8	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	276	9	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	276	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	276	11	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	276	12	based	base	VERB
ger-290	276	13	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-290	276	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	276	15	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ger-290	276	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	276	17	instruments	instrument	NOUN
ger-290	276	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	276	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	276	20	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	276	21	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	276	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	276	23	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	276	24	59	59	NUM
ger-290	276	25	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ger-290	276	26	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	276	27	4	4	NUM
ger-290	276	28	.	.	NOUN
ger-290	276	29	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ger-290	276	30	training	training	NOUN
ger-290	276	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	276	32	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-290	276	33	in	in	ADP
ger-290	276	34	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	276	35	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	276	36	can	can	AUX
ger-290	276	37	not	not	PART
ger-290	276	38	occur	occur	VERB
ger-290	276	39	in	in	ADP
ger-290	276	40	isolation	isolation	NOUN
ger-290	276	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	276	42	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	276	43	must	must	AUX
ger-290	276	44	be	be	AUX
ger-290	276	45	complemented	complement	VERB
ger-290	276	46	by	by	ADP
ger-290	276	47	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ger-290	276	48	training	training	NOUN
ger-290	276	49	/	/	SYM
ger-290	276	50	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-290	276	51	in	in	ADP
ger-290	276	52	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	276	53	competent	competent	ADJ
ger-290	276	54	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	276	55	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	276	56	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	276	57	5	5	X
ger-290	276	58	.	.	X
ger-290	276	59	families	family	NOUN
ger-290	276	60	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	276	61	communities	community	NOUN
ger-290	276	62	must	must	AUX
ger-290	276	63	be	be	AUX
ger-290	276	64	supported	support	VERB
ger-290	276	65	in	in	ADP
ger-290	276	66	order	order	NOUN
ger-290	276	67	to	to	PART
ger-290	276	68	advocate	advocate	VERB
ger-290	276	69	for	for	ADP
ger-290	276	70	their	their	PRON
ger-290	276	71	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	276	72	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	276	73	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-290	276	74	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-290	276	75	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	276	76	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	276	77	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	277	1	home	home	NOUN
ger-290	277	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	277	3	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	277	4	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
ger-290	277	5	is	be	AUX
ger-290	277	6	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ger-290	277	7	to	to	PART
ger-290	277	8	reach	reach	VERB
ger-290	277	9	this	this	DET
ger-290	277	10	goal	goal	NOUN
ger-290	277	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	278	1	further	further	ADJ
ger-290	278	2	questions	question	NOUN
ger-290	278	3	to	to	PART
ger-290	278	4	ponder	ponder	VERB
ger-290	278	5	for	for	ADP
ger-290	278	6	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	278	7	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	278	8	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	278	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	279	1	1	1	X
ger-290	279	2	.	.	X
ger-290	280	1	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	280	2	might	might	AUX
ger-290	280	3	an	an	DET
ger-290	280	4	over	over	ADP
ger-290	280	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	280	6	reliance	reliance	NOUN
ger-290	280	7	on	on	ADP
ger-290	280	8	tests	test	NOUN
ger-290	280	9	to	to	PART
ger-290	280	10	identify	identify	VERB
ger-290	280	11	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	280	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	280	13	limit	limit	VERB
ger-290	280	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	280	15	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	280	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	280	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	280	18	of	of	ADP
ger-290	280	19	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	280	20	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	281	1	2	2	X
ger-290	281	2	.	.	X
ger-290	281	3	calculate	calculate	VERB
ger-290	281	4	the	the	DET
ger-290	281	5	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-290	281	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	281	7	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	281	8	in	in	ADP
ger-290	281	9	your	your	PRON
ger-290	281	10	district	district	NOUN
ger-290	281	11	for	for	ADP
ger-290	281	12	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	281	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	281	14	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	281	15	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	281	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	282	1	why	why	SCONJ
ger-290	282	2	does	do	AUX
ger-290	282	3	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	282	4	exist	exist	VERB
ger-290	282	5	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	283	1	3	3	X
ger-290	283	2	.	.	X
ger-290	283	3	what	what	PRON
ger-290	283	4	is	be	AUX
ger-290	283	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	283	6	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	283	7	goal	goal	NOUN
ger-290	283	8	for	for	ADP
ger-290	283	9	underrepresented	underrepresented	ADJ
ger-290	283	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	283	11	in	in	ADP
ger-290	283	12	your	your	PRON
ger-290	283	13	district	district	NOUN
ger-290	283	14	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	284	1	4	4	X
ger-290	284	2	.	.	X
ger-290	285	1	what	what	PRON
ger-290	285	2	are	be	AUX
ger-290	285	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	285	4	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ger-290	285	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	285	6	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	285	7	referrals	referral	NOUN
ger-290	285	8	for	for	ADP
ger-290	285	9	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	285	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	285	11	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-290	285	12	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-290	285	13	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	285	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	285	15	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	285	16	can	can	AUX
ger-290	285	17	such	such	ADJ
ger-290	285	18	referrals	referral	NOUN
ger-290	285	19	be	be	AUX
ger-290	285	20	improved	improve	VERB
ger-290	285	21	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	286	1	5	5	X
ger-290	286	2	.	.	X
ger-290	287	1	what	what	PRON
ger-290	287	2	are	be	AUX
ger-290	287	3	five	five	NUM
ger-290	287	4	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	287	5	more	more	ADJ
ger-290	287	6	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	287	7	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	287	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ger-290	287	9	that	that	PRON
ger-290	287	10	should	should	AUX
ger-290	287	11	be	be	AUX
ger-290	287	12	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-290	287	13	to	to	PART
ger-290	287	14	improve	improve	VERB
ger-290	287	15	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	287	16	to	to	ADP
ger-290	287	17	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	287	18	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	287	19	for	for	ADP
ger-290	287	20	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	287	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	287	22	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	287	23	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	287	24	overall	overall	ADJ
ger-290	287	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	287	26	in	in	ADP
ger-290	287	27	your	your	PRON
ger-290	287	28	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	287	29	district	district	NOUN
ger-290	287	30	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	288	1	6	6	X
ger-290	288	2	.	.	X
ger-290	289	1	what	what	PRON
ger-290	289	2	are	be	AUX
ger-290	289	3	3	3	NUM
ger-290	289	4	-	-	SYM
ger-290	289	5	5	5	NUM
ger-290	289	6	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	289	7	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	289	8	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	289	9	related	relate	VERB
ger-290	289	10	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-290	289	11	that	that	PRON
ger-290	289	12	should	should	AUX
ger-290	289	13	be	be	AUX
ger-290	289	14	discussed	discuss	VERB
ger-290	289	15	in	in	ADP
ger-290	289	16	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-290	289	17	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	289	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	289	19	coursework	coursework	NOUN
ger-290	289	20	with	with	ADP
ger-290	289	21	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	289	22	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	289	23	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	289	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	289	25	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	289	26	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	289	27	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	290	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ger-290	290	2	when	when	SCONJ
ger-290	290	3	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	290	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	290	5	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	290	6	persist	persist	VERB
ger-290	290	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	290	8	the	the	DET
ger-290	290	9	needs	need	NOUN
ger-290	290	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	290	11	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	290	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	290	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	290	14	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	290	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	290	16	their	their	PRON
ger-290	290	17	gifts	gift	NOUN
ger-290	290	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	290	19	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	290	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	290	21	remain	remain	VERB
ger-290	290	22	unnurtured	unnurture	VERB
ger-290	290	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	291	1	currently	currently	ADV
ger-290	291	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	291	3	thousands	thousand	NOUN
ger-290	291	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	291	5	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	291	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	291	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	291	8	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	291	9	remain	remain	VERB
ger-290	291	10	unidentified	unidentified	ADJ
ger-290	291	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	291	12	undereducated	undereducated	ADJ
ger-290	291	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	291	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	291	15	miseducated	miseducate	VERB
ger-290	291	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	292	1	envisioning	envision	VERB
ger-290	292	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	292	3	creating	create	VERB
ger-290	292	4	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	292	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	292	6	as	as	ADP
ger-290	292	7	a	a	DET
ger-290	292	8	space	space	NOUN
ger-290	292	9	that	that	PRON
ger-290	292	10	recognizes	recognize	VERB
ger-290	292	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	292	12	supports	support	VERB
ger-290	292	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	292	14	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
ger-290	292	15	gifts	gift	NOUN
ger-290	292	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	292	17	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	292	18	of	of	ADP
ger-290	292	19	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	292	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	292	21	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	292	22	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	292	23	will	will	AUX
ger-290	292	24	require	require	VERB
ger-290	292	25	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	292	26	be	be	AUX
ger-290	292	27	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
ger-290	292	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	292	29	intentional	intentional	ADJ
ger-290	292	30	about	about	ADP
ger-290	292	31	critically	critically	ADV
ger-290	292	32	examining	examine	VERB
ger-290	292	33	their	their	PRON
ger-290	292	34	own	own	ADJ
ger-290	292	35	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ger-290	292	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	292	37	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-290	292	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	292	39	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	292	40	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	292	41	concerning	concern	VERB
ger-290	292	42	underserved	underserved	ADJ
ger-290	292	43	populations	population	NOUN
ger-290	292	44	in	in	ADP
ger-290	292	45	a	a	DET
ger-290	292	46	concerted	concerted	ADJ
ger-290	292	47	effort	effort	NOUN
ger-290	292	48	to	to	PART
ger-290	292	49	redress	redress	VERB
ger-290	292	50	the	the	DET
ger-290	292	51	absence	absence	NOUN
ger-290	292	52	of	of	ADP
ger-290	292	53	their	their	PRON
ger-290	292	54	untapped	untapped	ADJ
ger-290	292	55	gifts	gift	NOUN
ger-290	292	56	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	292	57	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	292	58	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	293	1	a	a	DET
ger-290	293	2	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-290	293	3	examination	examination	NOUN
ger-290	293	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	293	5	disruption	disruption	NOUN
ger-290	293	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	293	7	this	this	DET
ger-290	293	8	trend	trend	NOUN
ger-290	293	9	will	will	AUX
ger-290	293	10	require	require	VERB
ger-290	293	11	attention	attention	NOUN
ger-290	293	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	293	13	consideration	consideration	NOUN
ger-290	293	14	to	to	ADP
ger-290	293	15	those	those	DET
ger-290	293	16	important	important	ADJ
ger-290	293	17	structures	structure	NOUN
ger-290	293	18	that	that	PRON
ger-290	293	19	limit	limit	VERB
ger-290	293	20	access	access	NOUN
ger-290	293	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	293	22	prevent	prevent	VERB
ger-290	293	23	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	293	24	in	in	ADP
ger-290	293	25	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	293	26	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	293	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	294	1	many	many	ADJ
ger-290	294	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	294	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	294	4	most	most	ADV
ger-290	294	5	salient	salient	ADJ
ger-290	294	6	structures	structure	NOUN
ger-290	294	7	were	be	AUX
ger-290	294	8	addressed	address	VERB
ger-290	294	9	in	in	ADP
ger-290	294	10	this	this	DET
ger-290	294	11	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	294	12	as	as	ADP
ger-290	294	13	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ
ger-290	294	14	artifacts	artifact	NOUN
ger-290	294	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	294	16	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	294	17	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	294	18	that	that	PRON
ger-290	294	19	are	be	AUX
ger-290	294	20	problematic	problematic	ADJ
ger-290	294	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	294	22	impede	impede	VERB
ger-290	294	23	progress	progress	NOUN
ger-290	294	24	toward	toward	ADP
ger-290	294	25	desegregation	desegregation	NOUN
ger-290	294	26	of	of	ADP
ger-290	294	27	a	a	DET
ger-290	294	28	space	space	NOUN
ger-290	294	29	that	that	PRON
ger-290	294	30	remains	remain	VERB
ger-290	294	31	segregated	segregated	ADJ
ger-290	294	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	295	1	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
ger-290	295	2	for	for	ADP
ger-290	295	3	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-290	295	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	295	5	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-290	295	6	to	to	PART
ger-290	295	7	dismantle	dismantle	VERB
ger-290	295	8	these	these	DET
ger-290	295	9	structures	structure	NOUN
ger-290	295	10	are	be	AUX
ger-290	295	11	also	also	ADV
ger-290	295	12	provided	provide	VERB
ger-290	295	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	296	1	however	however	ADV
ger-290	296	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	296	3	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	296	4	discussed	discuss	VERB
ger-290	296	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	296	6	this	this	DET
ger-290	296	7	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	296	8	many	many	ADJ
ger-290	296	9	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN
ger-290	296	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	296	11	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ger-290	296	12	remain	remain	VERB
ger-290	296	13	before	before	ADP
ger-290	296	14	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-290	296	15	change(s	change(s	NOUN
ger-290	296	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	296	17	can	can	AUX
ger-290	296	18	occur	occur	VERB
ger-290	296	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	297	1	in	in	ADP
ger-290	297	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ger-290	297	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	297	4	we	we	PRON
ger-290	297	5	challenge	challenge	VERB
ger-290	297	6	readers	reader	NOUN
ger-290	297	7	to	to	ADP
ger-290	297	8	an	an	DET
ger-290	297	9	introspective	introspective	ADJ
ger-290	297	10	selfassessment	selfassessment	NOUN
ger-290	297	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	297	12	their	their	PRON
ger-290	297	13	own	own	ADJ
ger-290	297	14	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	297	15	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-290	297	16	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	297	17	as	as	SCONJ
ger-290	297	18	it	it	PRON
ger-290	297	19	pertains	pertain	VERB
ger-290	297	20	to	to	ADP
ger-290	297	21	this	this	DET
ger-290	297	22	matter	matter	NOUN
ger-290	297	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	298	1	it	it	PRON
ger-290	298	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	298	3	our	our	PRON
ger-290	298	4	hope	hope	NOUN
ger-290	298	5	that	that	SCONJ
ger-290	298	6	this	this	DET
ger-290	298	7	article	article	NOUN
ger-290	298	8	provides	provide	VERB
ger-290	298	9	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
ger-290	298	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-290	298	11	to	to	PART
ger-290	298	12	inform	inform	VERB
ger-290	298	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	298	14	challenge	challenge	VERB
ger-290	298	15	both	both	DET
ger-290	298	16	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	298	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	298	18	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	298	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	299	1	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	299	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	299	3	indifference	indifference	NOUN
ger-290	299	4	can	can	AUX
ger-290	299	5	not	not	PART
ger-290	299	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	299	7	should	should	AUX
ger-290	299	8	not	not	PART
ger-290	299	9	prevent	prevent	VERB
ger-290	299	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	299	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	299	12	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	299	13	from	from	ADP
ger-290	299	14	realizing	realize	VERB
ger-290	299	15	the	the	DET
ger-290	299	16	full	full	ADJ
ger-290	299	17	potential	potential	NOUN
ger-290	299	18	of	of	ADP
ger-290	299	19	their	their	PRON
ger-290	299	20	gifts	gift	NOUN
ger-290	299	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	299	22	talents	talent	NOUN
ger-290	299	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	300	1	for	for	ADP
ger-290	300	2	as	as	ADP
ger-290	300	3	dr	dr	PROPN
ger-290	300	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	300	5	maya	maya	PROPN
ger-290	300	6	angelou	angelou	PROPN
ger-290	300	7	once	once	ADV
ger-290	300	8	said	say	VERB
ger-290	300	9	“	"	PUNCT
ger-290	300	10	a	a	DET
ger-290	300	11	bird	bird	NOUN
ger-290	300	12	does	do	AUX
ger-290	300	13	n’t	not	PART
ger-290	300	14	sing	sing	VERB
ger-290	300	15	because	because	SCONJ
ger-290	300	16	it	it	PRON
ger-290	300	17	has	have	VERB
ger-290	300	18	an	an	DET
ger-290	300	19	answer	answer	NOUN
ger-290	300	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	300	21	it	it	PRON
ger-290	300	22	sings	sing	VERB
ger-290	300	23	because	because	SCONJ
ger-290	300	24	it	it	PRON
ger-290	300	25	has	have	VERB
ger-290	300	26	a	a	DET
ger-290	300	27	song	song	NOUN
ger-290	300	28	”	"	PUNCT
ger-290	300	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	301	1	many	many	ADJ
ger-290	301	2	under	under	ADV
ger-290	301	3	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	301	4	represented	represent	VERB
ger-290	301	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	301	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	301	7	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	301	8	have	have	VERB
ger-290	301	9	a	a	DET
ger-290	301	10	song	song	NOUN
ger-290	301	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	301	12	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	301	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	301	14	question	question	NOUN
ger-290	301	15	is	be	AUX
ger-290	301	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	301	17	will	will	AUX
ger-290	301	18	we	we	PRON
ger-290	301	19	let	let	VERB
ger-290	301	20	them	they	PRON
ger-290	301	21	sing	sing	VERB
ger-290	301	22	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	302	1	references	reference	NOUN
ger-290	302	2	allport	allport	NOUN
ger-290	302	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	302	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	302	5	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-290	302	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	302	7	1954	1954	NUM
ger-290	302	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	302	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	303	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	303	2	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-290	303	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	303	4	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN
ger-290	303	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	304	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ger-290	304	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	304	3	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-290	304	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	304	5	perseus	perseus	NOUN
ger-290	304	6	books	book	NOUN
ger-290	304	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	305	1	baldwin	baldwin	PROPN
ger-290	305	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	305	3	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-290	305	4	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	305	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	305	6	1987	1987	NUM
ger-290	305	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	305	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	306	1	i	i	PRON
ger-290	306	2	’m	’m	VERB
ger-290	306	3	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	306	4	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	306	5	look	look	VERB
ger-290	306	6	at	at	ADP
ger-290	306	7	me	i	PRON
ger-290	306	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	306	9	i	i	PRON
ger-290	306	10	am	be	AUX
ger-290	306	11	also	also	ADV
ger-290	306	12	60	60	NUM
ger-290	306	13	global	global	ADJ
ger-290	306	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	306	15	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	306	16	4(1	4(1	NOUN
ger-290	306	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	306	18	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	306	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	307	1	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	307	2	child	child	NOUN
ger-290	307	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ger-290	307	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	307	5	31	31	NUM
ger-290	307	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	307	7	180	180	NUM
ger-290	307	8	-	-	SYM
ger-290	307	9	185	185	NUM
ger-290	307	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	308	1	banks	bank	NOUN
ger-290	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	308	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	308	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-290	308	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	308	6	2001	2001	NUM
ger-290	308	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	308	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	309	1	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	309	2	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ger-290	309	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	309	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	309	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	309	6	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ger-290	309	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	309	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-290	309	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	309	10	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-290	309	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	309	12	4th	4th	ADJ
ger-290	309	13	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-290	309	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	309	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	309	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	310	1	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-290	310	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	310	3	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-290	310	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	310	5	allyn	allyn	PROPN
ger-290	310	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	310	7	bacon	bacon	NOUN
ger-290	310	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	311	1	boykin	boykin	PROPN
ger-290	311	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	311	3	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-290	311	4	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-290	311	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	311	6	noguera	noguera	PROPN
ger-290	311	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	311	8	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-290	311	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	311	10	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	311	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	311	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	312	1	creating	create	VERB
ger-290	312	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	312	3	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-290	312	4	to	to	PART
ger-290	312	5	learn	learn	VERB
ger-290	312	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	313	1	alexandria	alexandria	PROPN
ger-290	313	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	313	3	va	va	NOUN
ger-290	313	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	313	5	ascd	ascd	PROPN
ger-290	313	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	314	1	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-290	314	2	v.	v.	ADP
ger-290	314	3	board	board	PROPN
ger-290	314	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	314	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	314	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	314	7	347	347	NUM
ger-290	314	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	314	9	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	314	10	483	483	NUM
ger-290	314	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	314	12	1954	1954	NUM
ger-290	314	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	314	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	315	1	cho	cho	PROPN
ger-290	315	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	315	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	315	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	315	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	315	6	decastro	decastro	PROPN
ger-290	315	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	315	8	ambrosetti	ambrosetti	PROPN
ger-290	315	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	315	10	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	315	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	315	12	2005	2005	NUM
ger-290	315	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	315	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	315	15	is	be	AUX
ger-290	315	16	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	315	17	bliss	bliss	ADJ
ger-290	315	18	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	316	1	pre	pre	ADJ
ger-290	316	2	-	-	ADJ
ger-290	316	3	service	service	ADJ
ger-290	316	4	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	316	5	’	’	PART
ger-290	316	6	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ger-290	316	7	toward	toward	ADP
ger-290	316	8	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	316	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	316	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	317	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	317	2	high	high	ADJ
ger-290	317	3	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	317	4	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-290	317	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	317	6	89(2	89(2	NOUN
ger-290	317	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	317	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	317	9	24	24	NUM
ger-290	317	10	-	-	SYM
ger-290	317	11	28	28	NUM
ger-290	317	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	318	1	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	318	2	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	318	3	act	act	NOUN
ger-290	318	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	318	5	1964	1964	NUM
ger-290	318	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	318	7	pub.l	pub.l	PROPN
ger-290	318	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	319	1	88–352	88–352	NUM
ger-290	319	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	319	3	78	78	NUM
ger-290	319	4	stat	stat	NOUN
ger-290	319	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	319	6	241	241	NUM
ger-290	319	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	319	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	320	1	delpit	delpit	PROPN
ger-290	320	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	320	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	320	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	320	5	2012	2012	NUM
ger-290	320	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	320	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	321	1	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN
ger-290	321	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	321	3	for	for	ADP
ger-290	321	4	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	321	5	people	people	NOUN
ger-290	321	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	321	7	raising	raise	VERB
ger-290	321	8	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-290	321	9	for	for	ADP
ger-290	321	10	other	other	ADJ
ger-290	321	11	people	people	NOUN
ger-290	321	12	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	321	13	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	321	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	322	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	322	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	322	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	322	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-290	322	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	322	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	322	7	new	new	ADJ
ger-290	322	8	press	press	NOUN
ger-290	322	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	323	1	fischer	fischer	PROPN
ger-290	323	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-290	323	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-290	323	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	6	hout	hout	PROPN
ger-290	323	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-290	323	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	10	sánchez	sánchez	PROPN
ger-290	323	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	12	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	323	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	14	lucas	lucas	PROPN
ger-290	323	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	16	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-290	323	17	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-290	323	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	19	swidler	swidler	NOUN
ger-290	323	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	21	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-290	323	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	23	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	323	24	voss	voss	PROPN
ger-290	323	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	323	26	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-290	323	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	323	28	1996	1996	NUM
ger-290	323	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	323	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	324	1	inequality	inequality	NOUN
ger-290	324	2	by	by	ADP
ger-290	324	3	design	design	NOUN
ger-290	324	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	324	5	cracking	crack	VERB
ger-290	324	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	324	7	bell	bell	NOUN
ger-290	324	8	curve	curve	NOUN
ger-290	324	9	myth	myth	NOUN
ger-290	324	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	325	1	princeton	princeton	PROPN
ger-290	325	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	325	3	nj	nj	PROPN
ger-290	325	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	325	5	princeton	princeton	PROPN
ger-290	325	6	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	325	7	press	press	NOUN
ger-290	325	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	326	1	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	326	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	326	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	326	4	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	326	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	326	6	grantham	grantham	PROPN
ger-290	326	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	326	8	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-290	326	9	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-290	326	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	326	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	326	12	whiting	whiting	NOUN
ger-290	326	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	326	14	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	326	15	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-290	326	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	326	17	2008	2008	NUM
ger-290	326	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	326	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	327	1	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	327	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	327	3	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-290	327	4	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-290	327	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	327	6	in	in	ADP
ger-290	327	7	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	327	8	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	327	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	327	10	recruitment	recruitment	NOUN
ger-290	327	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	327	12	retention	retention	NOUN
ger-290	327	13	issues	issue	NOUN
ger-290	327	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	328	1	exceptional	exceptional	ADJ
ger-290	328	2	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	328	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	328	4	74(3	74(3	NOUN
ger-290	328	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	328	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	328	7	289	289	NUM
ger-290	328	8	-	-	SYM
ger-290	328	9	306	306	NUM
ger-290	328	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	329	1	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	329	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	329	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	329	4	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	329	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	329	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	329	7	whiting	whiting	NOUN
ger-290	329	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	329	9	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	329	10	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-290	329	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	329	12	2008b	2008b	NUM
ger-290	329	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	329	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	330	1	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	330	2	competence	competence	NOUN
ger-290	330	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	330	4	preparing	prepare	VERB
ger-290	330	5	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	330	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	330	7	for	for	ADP
ger-290	330	8	a	a	DET
ger-290	330	9	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-290	330	10	society	society	NOUN
ger-290	330	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	331	1	roeper	roeper	PROPN
ger-290	331	2	review	review	PROPN
ger-290	331	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	331	4	30(2	30(2	NUM
ger-290	331	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	331	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	331	7	104	104	NUM
ger-290	331	8	-	-	SYM
ger-290	331	9	110	110	NUM
ger-290	331	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	332	1	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	332	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	332	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	332	4	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	332	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	332	6	2010	2010	NUM
ger-290	332	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	332	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	333	1	reversing	reverse	VERB
ger-290	333	2	underachievement	underachievement	NOUN
ger-290	333	3	among	among	ADP
ger-290	333	4	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	333	5	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	333	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	333	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	333	8	2nd	2nd	ADJ
ger-290	333	9	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-290	333	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	333	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	333	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	334	1	waco	waco	PROPN
ger-290	334	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	334	3	tx	tx	PROPN
ger-290	334	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	334	5	prufrock	prufrock	NOUN
ger-290	334	6	press	press	NOUN
ger-290	334	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	335	1	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	335	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	335	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	335	4	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	335	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	335	6	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	335	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	335	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	336	1	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	336	2	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	336	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	336	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	336	5	rationale	rationale	NOUN
ger-290	336	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	336	7	models	model	NOUN
ger-290	336	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	336	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ger-290	336	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	336	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	336	12	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-290	336	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	336	14	2nd	2nd	ADJ
ger-290	336	15	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-290	336	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	336	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	336	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	337	1	waco	waco	PROPN
ger-290	337	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	337	3	tx	tx	PROPN
ger-290	337	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	337	5	prufrock	prufrock	NOUN
ger-290	337	6	press	press	NOUN
ger-290	337	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	338	1	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	338	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	338	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	338	4	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	338	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	338	6	2013a	2013a	NUM
ger-290	338	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	338	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	339	1	recruiting	recruit	VERB
ger-290	339	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	339	3	retaining	retain	VERB
ger-290	339	4	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	339	5	different	different	ADJ
ger-290	339	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	339	7	in	in	ADP
ger-290	339	8	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	339	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	339	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	340	1	waco	waco	PROPN
ger-290	340	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	340	3	tx	tx	PROPN
ger-290	340	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	340	5	prufrock	prufrock	NOUN
ger-290	340	6	press	press	NOUN
ger-290	340	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	341	1	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	341	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	341	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	341	4	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	341	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	341	6	2013b	2013b	NUM
ger-290	341	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	341	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	342	1	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	342	2	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	342	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	342	4	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN
ger-290	342	5	—	—	PUNCT
ger-290	342	6	learning	learn	VERB
ger-290	342	7	from	from	ADP
ger-290	342	8	allport	allport	NOUN
ger-290	342	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	342	10	merton	merton	NOUN
ger-290	342	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	343	1	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	343	2	child	child	NOUN
ger-290	343	3	today	today	NOUN
ger-290	343	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	343	5	36(1	36(1	NUM
ger-290	343	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	343	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	343	8	62	62	NUM
ger-290	343	9	-	-	SYM
ger-290	343	10	67	67	NUM
ger-290	343	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	344	1	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	344	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	344	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	344	4	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	344	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	344	6	2015	2015	NUM
ger-290	344	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	344	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	345	1	recruiting	recruit	VERB
ger-290	345	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	345	3	retaining	retain	VERB
ger-290	345	4	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	345	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	345	6	hispanic	hispanic	ADJ
ger-290	345	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	345	8	in	in	ADP
ger-290	345	9	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	345	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	345	11	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	345	12	equality	equality	NOUN
ger-290	345	13	versus	versus	ADP
ger-290	345	14	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-290	345	15	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	345	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	346	1	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	346	2	child	child	NOUN
ger-290	346	3	today	today	NOUN
ger-290	346	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	346	5	38(3	38(3	NUM
ger-290	346	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	346	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	346	8	187	187	NUM
ger-290	346	9	-	-	SYM
ger-290	346	10	191	191	NUM
ger-290	346	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	347	1	doi	doi	NOUN
ger-290	347	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	347	3	10.1177/1076217515583745	10.1177/1076217515583745	NUM
ger-290	347	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	348	1	frasier	frasier	NOUN
ger-290	348	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	348	3	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-290	348	4	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-290	348	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	348	6	1987	1987	NUM
ger-290	348	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	348	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	349	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	349	2	identification	identification	NOUN
ger-290	349	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	349	4	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	349	5	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	349	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	349	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	349	8	developing	develop	VERB
ger-290	349	9	new	new	ADJ
ger-290	349	10	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-290	349	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	350	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-290	350	2	for	for	ADP
ger-290	350	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	350	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	350	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	350	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	350	7	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	350	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	350	9	10	10	NUM
ger-290	350	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	350	11	155–180	155–180	NUM
ger-290	350	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	351	1	galton	galton	PROPN
ger-290	351	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	351	3	f.	f.	PROPN
ger-290	351	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	351	5	1883	1883	NUM
ger-290	351	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	351	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	352	1	inquiries	inquiry	NOUN
ger-290	352	2	into	into	ADP
ger-290	352	3	human	human	ADJ
ger-290	352	4	faculty	faculty	NOUN
ger-290	352	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	352	6	its	its	PRON
ger-290	352	7	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	352	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	353	1	london	london	PROPN
ger-290	353	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	353	3	england	england	PROPN
ger-290	353	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	353	5	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
ger-290	353	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	353	7	co.	co.	PROPN
ger-290	353	8	gould	gould	PROPN
ger-290	353	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	353	10	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-290	353	11	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	353	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	353	13	1981	1981	NUM
ger-290	353	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	353	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	354	1	mismeasure	mismeasure	NOUN
ger-290	354	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	354	3	man	man	NOUN
ger-290	354	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	355	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	355	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	355	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	355	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-290	355	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	355	6	norton	norton	PROPN
ger-290	355	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	355	8	co.	co.	PROPN
ger-290	356	1	griggs	griggs	PROPN
ger-290	356	2	v.	v.	ADP
ger-290	356	3	duke	duke	PROPN
ger-290	356	4	power	power	PROPN
ger-290	356	5	co.	co.	PROPN
ger-290	356	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	356	7	401	401	NUM
ger-290	356	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	356	9	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	356	10	424	424	NUM
ger-290	356	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	356	12	1971	1971	NUM
ger-290	356	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	356	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	356	15	grissom	grissom	PROPN
ger-290	356	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	356	17	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	356	18	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-290	356	19	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	356	20	redding	redding	PROPN
ger-290	356	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	356	22	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-290	356	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	356	24	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	356	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	356	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	357	1	discretion	discretion	NOUN
ger-290	357	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	357	3	disproportionality	disproportionality	NOUN
ger-290	357	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	358	1	explaining	explain	VERB
ger-290	358	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	358	3	underrepresentation	underrepresentation	NOUN
ger-290	358	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	358	5	high	high	ADJ
ger-290	358	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	358	7	achieving	achieve	VERB
ger-290	358	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	358	9	of	of	ADP
ger-290	358	10	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	358	11	in	in	ADP
ger-290	358	12	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	358	13	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	358	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	359	1	doi	doi	NOUN
ger-290	359	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	359	3	10.1177/2332858415622175	10.1177/2332858415622175	NUM
ger-290	359	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	360	1	gutiérrez	gutiérrez	PROPN
ger-290	360	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	360	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-290	360	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	360	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	360	6	rogoff	rogoff	PROPN
ger-290	360	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	360	8	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-290	360	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	360	10	2003	2003	NUM
ger-290	360	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	360	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	361	1	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	361	2	ways	way	NOUN
ger-290	361	3	of	of	ADP
ger-290	361	4	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-290	361	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	361	6	individual	individual	ADJ
ger-290	361	7	traits	trait	NOUN
ger-290	361	8	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	361	9	repertoires	repertoire	NOUN
ger-290	361	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	361	11	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	361	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	362	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	362	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ger-290	362	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	362	4	32(5	32(5	NUM
ger-290	362	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	362	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	362	7	19	19	NUM
ger-290	362	8	-	-	SYM
ger-290	362	9	25	25	NUM
ger-290	362	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	363	1	herrnstein	herrnstein	PROPN
ger-290	363	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	363	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-290	363	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	363	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	363	6	murray	murray	PROPN
ger-290	363	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	363	8	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-290	363	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	363	10	1994	1994	NUM
ger-290	363	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	363	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	364	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	364	2	bell	bell	PROPN
ger-290	364	3	curve	curve	NOUN
ger-290	364	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	364	5	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
ger-290	364	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	364	7	class	class	NOUN
ger-290	364	8	structure	structure	NOUN
ger-290	364	9	in	in	ADP
ger-290	364	10	american	american	ADJ
ger-290	364	11	life	life	NOUN
ger-290	364	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	365	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	365	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	365	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	365	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-290	365	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	365	6	free	free	ADJ
ger-290	365	7	press	press	NOUN
ger-290	365	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	366	1	hilliard	hilliard	PROPN
ger-290	366	2	iii	iii	PROPN
ger-290	366	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	366	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-290	366	5	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	366	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	366	7	1990	1990	NUM
ger-290	366	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	366	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	367	1	back	back	ADV
ger-290	367	2	to	to	ADP
ger-290	367	3	binet	binet	NOUN
ger-290	367	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	367	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	367	6	case	case	NOUN
ger-290	367	7	against	against	ADP
ger-290	367	8	the	the	DET
ger-290	367	9	use	use	NOUN
ger-290	367	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	367	11	iq	iq	NOUN
ger-290	367	12	tests	test	NOUN
ger-290	367	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	367	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	367	15	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	367	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	368	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ger-290	368	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	368	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	368	4	61	61	NUM
ger-290	368	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	368	6	184	184	NUM
ger-290	368	7	-	-	SYM
ger-290	368	8	189	189	NUM
ger-290	368	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	369	1	howard	howard	PROPN
ger-290	369	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	369	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-290	369	4	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-290	369	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	369	6	2014	2014	NUM
ger-290	369	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	369	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	370	1	why	why	SCONJ
ger-290	370	2	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	370	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	370	4	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	370	5	matters	matter	NOUN
ger-290	370	6	in	in	ADP
ger-290	370	7	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	370	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	370	9	closing	close	VERB
ger-290	370	10	the	the	DET
ger-290	370	11	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	370	12	gap	gap	NOUN
ger-290	370	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	370	14	america	america	PROPN
ger-290	370	15	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	370	16	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-290	370	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	371	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	371	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	371	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	371	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-290	371	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	371	6	teachers	teachers	PROPN
ger-290	371	7	college	college	PROPN
ger-290	371	8	press	press	PROPN
ger-290	371	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	372	1	kohn	kohn	PROPN
ger-290	372	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	372	3	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-290	372	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	372	5	1998	1998	NUM
ger-290	372	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	372	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	373	1	only	only	ADV
ger-290	373	2	for	for	ADP
ger-290	373	3	my	my	PRON
ger-290	373	4	kid	kid	NOUN
ger-290	373	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	374	1	phi	phi	PROPN
ger-290	374	2	delta	delta	NOUN
ger-290	374	3	kappan	kappan	NOUN
ger-290	374	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	374	5	79	79	NUM
ger-290	374	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	374	7	568	568	NUM
ger-290	374	8	-	-	SYM
ger-290	374	9	577	577	NUM
ger-290	374	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	375	1	ladson	ladson	NOUN
ger-290	375	2	-	-	NOUN
ger-290	375	3	billings	billing	NOUN
ger-290	375	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	375	5	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	375	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	375	7	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	375	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	375	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	376	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	376	2	dreamkeepers	dreamkeeper	NOUN
ger-290	376	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	376	4	successful	successful	ADJ
ger-290	376	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	376	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	376	7	african	african	ADJ
ger-290	376	8	american	american	ADJ
ger-290	376	9	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	376	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	376	11	2nd	2nd	ADJ
ger-290	376	12	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-290	376	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	376	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	376	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	377	1	san	san	PROPN
ger-290	377	2	francisco	francisco	PROPN
ger-290	377	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	377	4	ca	ca	NOUN
ger-290	377	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	377	6	jossey	jossey	NOUN
ger-290	377	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	377	8	bass	bass	NOUN
ger-290	377	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	378	1	larke	larke	PROPN
ger-290	378	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	378	3	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-290	378	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	378	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	378	6	easterly	easterly	PROPN
ger-290	378	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	378	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-290	378	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	378	10	irby	irby	PROPN
ger-290	378	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	378	12	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-290	378	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	378	14	jones	jones	PROPN
ger-290	378	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	378	16	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-290	378	17	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-290	378	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	378	19	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	378	20	lea	lea	PROPN
ger-290	378	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	378	22	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	378	23	v.	v.	PROPN
ger-290	378	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	378	25	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	378	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	378	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	379	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	379	2	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	379	3	african	african	ADJ
ger-290	379	4	american	american	ADJ
ger-290	379	5	student	student	NOUN
ger-290	379	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	379	7	what	what	PRON
ger-290	379	8	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	379	9	need	need	VERB
ger-290	379	10	to	to	PART
ger-290	379	11	know	know	VERB
ger-290	379	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	380	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-290	380	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	380	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	380	4	texas	texas	PROPN
ger-290	380	5	alliance	alliance	NOUN
ger-290	380	6	of	of	ADP
ger-290	380	7	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	380	8	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	380	9	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-290	380	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	380	11	2(1	2(1	NUM
ger-290	380	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	380	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	380	14	13	13	NUM
ger-290	380	15	-	-	SYM
ger-290	380	16	17	17	NUM
ger-290	380	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	381	1	lee	lee	PROPN
ger-290	381	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	381	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-290	381	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	381	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	381	6	2007	2007	NUM
ger-290	381	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	381	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	382	1	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	382	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	382	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-290	382	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	382	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	382	6	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-290	382	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	382	8	taking	take	VERB
ger-290	382	9	bloom	bloom	NOUN
ger-290	382	10	in	in	ADP
ger-290	382	11	the	the	DET
ger-290	382	12	midst	midst	NOUN
ger-290	382	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	382	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	382	15	whirlwind	whirlwind	NOUN
ger-290	382	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	383	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	383	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	383	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	383	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-290	383	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	383	6	teachers	teachers	PROPN
ger-290	383	7	college	college	PROPN
ger-290	383	8	press	press	PROPN
ger-290	383	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	384	1	lipman	lipman	PROPN
ger-290	384	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	384	3	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-290	384	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	384	5	2011	2011	NUM
ger-290	384	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	384	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	385	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	385	2	new	new	ADJ
ger-290	385	3	political	political	ADJ
ger-290	385	4	economy	economy	NOUN
ger-290	385	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	385	6	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-290	385	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	385	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	385	9	neoliberalism	neoliberalism	NOUN
ger-290	385	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	385	11	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	385	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	385	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	385	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	385	15	right	right	NOUN
ger-290	385	16	to	to	ADP
ger-290	385	17	the	the	DET
ger-290	385	18	city	city	NOUN
ger-290	385	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	386	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	386	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	386	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	386	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-290	386	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	386	6	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-290	386	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	387	1	lipstiz	lipstiz	PROPN
ger-290	387	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	387	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	387	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	387	5	1998	1998	NUM
ger-290	387	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	387	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	388	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	388	2	possessive	possessive	ADJ
ger-290	388	3	investment	investment	NOUN
ger-290	388	4	in	in	ADP
ger-290	388	5	whiteness	whiteness	NOUN
ger-290	388	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	388	7	how	how	SCONJ
ger-290	388	8	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	388	9	people	people	NOUN
ger-290	388	10	profit	profit	VERB
ger-290	388	11	from	from	ADP
ger-290	388	12	identity	identity	NOUN
ger-290	388	13	politics	politic	NOUN
ger-290	388	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	389	1	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
ger-290	389	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	389	3	pa	pa	PROPN
ger-290	389	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	389	5	temple	temple	PROPN
ger-290	389	6	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	389	7	press	press	NOUN
ger-290	389	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	390	1	mcintosh	mcintosh	PROPN
ger-290	390	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	390	3	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-290	390	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	390	5	1988	1988	NUM
ger-290	390	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	390	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	391	1	white	white	PROPN
ger-290	391	2	privilege	privilege	NOUN
ger-290	391	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	391	4	male	male	ADJ
ger-290	391	5	privilege	privilege	NOUN
ger-290	391	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	391	7	a	a	DET
ger-290	391	8	personal	personal	ADJ
ger-290	391	9	account	account	NOUN
ger-290	391	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	391	11	coming	come	VERB
ger-290	391	12	to	to	PART
ger-290	391	13	see	see	VERB
ger-290	391	14	correspondences	correspondence	NOUN
ger-290	391	15	through	through	ADP
ger-290	391	16	work	work	NOUN
ger-290	391	17	in	in	ADP
ger-290	391	18	women	woman	NOUN
ger-290	391	19	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	391	20	studies	study	NOUN
ger-290	391	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	392	1	wellesley	wellesley	PROPN
ger-290	392	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	392	3	center	center	NOUN
ger-290	392	4	for	for	ADP
ger-290	392	5	research	research	NOUN
ger-290	392	6	on	on	ADP
ger-290	392	7	women	woman	NOUN
ger-290	392	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	392	9	working	work	VERB
ger-290	392	10	paper	paper	NOUN
ger-290	392	11	189	189	NUM
ger-290	392	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	393	1	nasir	nasir	PROPN
ger-290	393	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	393	3	n.	n.	PROPN
ger-290	393	4	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	393	5	hand	hand	PROPN
ger-290	393	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	393	7	v.	v.	CCONJ
ger-290	393	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	393	9	2006	2006	NUM
ger-290	393	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	393	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	394	1	exploring	explore	VERB
ger-290	394	2	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
ger-290	394	3	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-290	394	4	on	on	ADP
ger-290	394	5	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	394	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	394	7	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-290	394	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	394	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	394	10	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-290	394	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	395	1	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	395	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	395	3	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	395	4	research	research	NOUN
ger-290	395	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	395	6	76(4	76(4	NUM
ger-290	395	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	395	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	395	9	449	449	NUM
ger-290	395	10	-	-	SYM
ger-290	395	11	475	475	NUM
ger-290	395	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	396	1	nieto	nieto	PROPN
ger-290	396	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	396	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-290	396	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	396	5	2009	2009	NUM
ger-290	396	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	396	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	397	1	the	the	DET
ger-290	397	2	light	light	NOUN
ger-290	397	3	in	in	ADP
ger-290	397	4	their	their	PRON
ger-290	397	5	eyes	eye	NOUN
ger-290	397	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	397	7	creating	create	VERB
ger-290	397	8	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	397	9	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-290	397	10	communities	community	NOUN
ger-290	397	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	398	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	398	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	398	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	398	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-290	398	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	398	6	teachers	teachers	PROPN
ger-290	398	7	college	college	PROPN
ger-290	398	8	press	press	PROPN
ger-290	398	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	399	1	ogilvie	ogilvie	PROPN
ger-290	399	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	399	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-290	399	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-290	399	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	399	6	2004	2004	NUM
ger-290	399	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	399	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	400	1	voluntarism	voluntarism	NOUN
ger-290	400	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	400	3	community	community	NOUN
ger-290	400	4	life	life	NOUN
ger-290	400	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	400	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	400	7	the	the	DET
ger-290	400	8	american	american	PROPN
ger-290	400	9	ethnic	ethnic	PROPN
ger-290	400	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	400	11	bloomington	bloomington	PROPN
ger-290	400	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	400	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	400	14	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	400	15	indiana	indiana	PROPN
ger-290	400	16	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	400	17	press	press	NOUN
ger-290	400	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	401	1	orfield	orfield	PROPN
ger-290	401	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	401	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	401	4	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	401	5	frankenberg	frankenberg	PROPN
ger-290	401	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	401	7	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-290	401	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	401	9	with	with	ADP
ger-290	401	10	ee	ee	PROPN
ger-290	401	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	401	12	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	401	13	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	401	14	kuscera	kuscera	PROPN
ger-290	401	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	401	16	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	401	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	401	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	402	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	402	2	2014	2014	NUM
ger-290	402	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	402	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	403	1	brown	brown	ADJ
ger-290	403	2	at	at	ADP
ger-290	403	3	60	60	NUM
ger-290	403	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	403	5	great	great	ADJ
ger-290	403	6	progress	progress	NOUN
ger-290	403	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	403	8	a	a	DET
ger-290	403	9	long	long	ADJ
ger-290	403	10	retreat	retreat	NOUN
ger-290	403	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	403	12	an	an	DET
ger-290	403	13	uncertain	uncertain	ADJ
ger-290	403	14	future	future	NOUN
ger-290	403	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	404	1	los	los	PROPN
ger-290	404	2	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ger-290	404	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	404	4	ca	can	AUX
ger-290	404	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	404	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	404	7	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	404	8	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	404	9	project	project	NOUN
ger-290	404	10	/	/	SYM
ger-290	404	11	proyecto	proyecto	X
ger-290	404	12	derechos	derechos	PROPN
ger-290	404	13	civiles	civiles	PROPN
ger-290	404	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	405	1	orfield	orfield	PROPN
ger-290	405	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	405	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	405	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	405	5	kucsera	kucsera	PROPN
ger-290	405	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	405	7	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	405	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	405	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	405	10	siegel	siegel	PROPN
ger-290	405	11	-	-	PROPN
ger-290	405	12	hawley	hawley	PROPN
ger-290	405	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	405	14	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-290	405	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	405	16	2012	2012	NUM
ger-290	405	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	405	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	406	1	e	e	X
ger-290	406	2	pluribus	pluribus	PROPN
ger-290	406	3	…	…	PUNCT
ger-290	406	4	separation	separation	NOUN
ger-290	406	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	406	6	deepening	deepen	VERB
ger-290	406	7	double	double	ADJ
ger-290	406	8	segregation	segregation	NOUN
ger-290	406	9	for	for	ADP
ger-290	406	10	more	more	ADJ
ger-290	406	11	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	406	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	407	1	los	los	PROPN
ger-290	407	2	angeles	angeles	PROPN
ger-290	407	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	407	4	ca	can	AUX
ger-290	407	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	407	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	407	7	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	407	8	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	407	9	project	project	NOUN
ger-290	407	10	/	/	SYM
ger-290	407	11	proyecto	proyecto	X
ger-290	407	12	derechos	derechos	PROPN
ger-290	407	13	civiles	civile	NOUN
ger-290	407	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	408	1	plessy	plessy	PROPN
ger-290	408	2	v.	v.	ADP
ger-290	408	3	ferguson	ferguson	PROPN
ger-290	408	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	408	5	163	163	NUM
ger-290	408	6	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	408	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	408	8	537	537	NUM
ger-290	408	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	408	10	1896	1896	NUM
ger-290	408	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	408	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	409	1	sapon	sapon	ADV
ger-290	409	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	409	3	shevin	shevin	NOUN
ger-290	409	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	409	5	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-290	409	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	409	7	1996	1996	NUM
ger-290	409	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	409	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	410	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-290	410	2	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	410	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	410	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	410	5	building	build	VERB
ger-290	410	6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_united_states_supreme_court_cases,_volume_163	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_united_states_supreme_court_cases,_volume_163	PROPN
ger-290	410	7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/united_states_reports	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/united_states_report	NOUN
ger-290	410	8	https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/163/537/	https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/163/537/	PRON
ger-290	410	9	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	410	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	410	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	410	12	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	410	13	61	61	NUM
ger-290	410	14	a	a	DET
ger-290	410	15	shared	share	VERB
ger-290	410	16	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ger-290	410	17	for	for	ADP
ger-290	410	18	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	410	19	reform	reform	NOUN
ger-290	410	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	411	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-290	411	2	for	for	ADP
ger-290	411	3	the	the	DET
ger-290	411	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	411	5	of	of	ADP
ger-290	411	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	411	7	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	411	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	411	9	19	19	NUM
ger-290	411	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	411	11	194	194	NUM
ger-290	411	12	-	-	SYM
ger-290	411	13	214	214	NUM
ger-290	411	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	412	1	sullivan	sullivan	PROPN
ger-290	412	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	412	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-290	412	4	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	412	5	tuana	tuana	PROPN
ger-290	412	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	412	7	n.	n.	PROPN
ger-290	412	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	412	9	eds	ed	NOUN
ger-290	412	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	412	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	412	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	413	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	413	2	2007	2007	NUM
ger-290	413	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	413	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	414	1	race	race	NOUN
ger-290	414	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	414	3	epistemologies	epistemology	NOUN
ger-290	414	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	414	5	ignorance	ignorance	NOUN
ger-290	414	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	415	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	415	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	415	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	415	4	suny	suny	PROPN
ger-290	415	5	press	press	PROPN
ger-290	415	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	416	1	torrance	torrance	NOUN
ger-290	416	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	416	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-290	416	4	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-290	416	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	416	6	1974	1974	NUM
ger-290	416	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	416	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	417	1	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-290	417	2	are	be	AUX
ger-290	417	3	not	not	PART
ger-290	417	4	deficits	deficit	NOUN
ger-290	417	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	418	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	418	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-290	418	3	record	record	NOUN
ger-290	418	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	418	5	75	75	NUM
ger-290	418	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	418	7	471–487	471–487	NUM
ger-290	418	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	419	1	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	419	2	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	419	3	department	department	PROPN
ger-290	419	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	419	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	419	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	420	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	420	2	1993	1993	NUM
ger-290	420	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	420	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	421	1	national	national	PROPN
ger-290	421	2	excellence	excellence	PROPN
ger-290	421	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	421	4	a	a	DET
ger-290	421	5	case	case	NOUN
ger-290	421	6	for	for	ADP
ger-290	421	7	developing	develop	VERB
ger-290	421	8	america	america	PROPN
ger-290	421	9	’s	’s	PART
ger-290	421	10	talent	talent	NOUN
ger-290	421	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	422	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-290	422	2	from	from	ADP
ger-290	422	3	http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ed359743	http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ed359743	PROPN
ger-290	422	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	423	1	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-290	423	2	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	423	3	department	department	PROPN
ger-290	423	4	of	of	ADP
ger-290	423	5	education	education	PROPN
ger-290	423	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	423	7	several	several	ADJ
ger-290	423	8	years	year	NOUN
ger-290	423	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	423	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	424	1	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-290	424	2	rights	right	NOUN
ger-290	424	3	data	datum	NOUN
ger-290	424	4	collection	collection	NOUN
ger-290	424	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	425	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-290	425	2	from	from	ADP
ger-290	425	3	www.ocrdata.ed.gov	www.ocrdata.ed.gov	NOUN
ger-290	425	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	426	1	valencia	valencia	PROPN
ger-290	426	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	426	3	r.r	r.r	PROPN
ger-290	426	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-290	426	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	426	6	2010	2010	NUM
ger-290	426	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	426	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	427	1	dismantling	dismantle	VERB
ger-290	427	2	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ger-290	427	3	deficit	deficit	NOUN
ger-290	427	4	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-290	427	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	427	6	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	427	7	thought	thought	NOUN
ger-290	427	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	427	9	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-290	427	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	428	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-290	428	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-290	428	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	429	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-290	429	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	430	1	wright	wright	PROPN
ger-290	430	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	430	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-290	430	4	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	430	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	430	6	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	430	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	430	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-290	430	9	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	430	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	430	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	430	12	walters	walters	PROPN
ger-290	430	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	430	14	n.	n.	PROPN
ger-290	430	15	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-290	430	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	430	17	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	430	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	430	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	431	1	karl	karl	PROPN
ger-290	431	2	is	be	AUX
ger-290	431	3	ready	ready	ADJ
ger-290	431	4	!	!	PUNCT
ger-290	432	1	why	why	SCONJ
ger-290	432	2	are	be	AUX
ger-290	432	3	n’t	not	PART
ger-290	432	4	you	you	PRON
ger-290	432	5	?	?	PUNCT
ger-290	433	1	promoting	promote	VERB
ger-290	433	2	social	social	ADJ
ger-290	433	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	433	4	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-290	433	5	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-290	433	6	in	in	ADP
ger-290	433	7	early	early	ADJ
ger-290	433	8	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-290	433	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	433	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	434	1	wisconsin	wisconsin	PROPN
ger-290	434	2	english	english	PROPN
ger-290	434	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-290	434	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	434	5	58(2	58(2	NUM
ger-290	434	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	434	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	434	8	81	81	NUM
ger-290	434	9	-	-	SYM
ger-290	434	10	101	101	NUM
ger-290	434	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	435	1	young	young	ADJ
ger-290	435	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	435	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	435	4	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	435	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	435	6	young	young	PROPN
ger-290	435	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	435	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	435	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-290	435	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	435	11	2016	2016	NUM
ger-290	435	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	435	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	436	1	closing	close	VERB
ger-290	436	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	436	3	gap	gap	NOUN
ger-290	436	4	or	or	CCONJ
ger-290	436	5	reaching	reach	VERB
ger-290	436	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	436	7	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN
ger-290	436	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	436	9	an	an	DET
ger-290	436	10	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
ger-290	436	11	trend	trend	NOUN
ger-290	436	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-290	436	13	of	of	ADP
ger-290	436	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	436	15	black	black	ADJ
ger-290	436	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	436	17	white	white	ADJ
ger-290	436	18	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	436	19	gap	gap	NOUN
ger-290	436	20	in	in	ADP
ger-290	436	21	texas	texas	PROPN
ger-290	436	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	437	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-290	437	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	437	3	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	437	4	affairs	affair	NOUN
ger-290	437	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	437	6	1(1	1(1	NUM
ger-290	437	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	437	8	1	1	NUM
ger-290	437	9	-	-	SYM
ger-290	437	10	23	23	NUM
ger-290	437	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	438	1	young	young	ADJ
ger-290	438	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	438	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	438	4	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	438	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-290	438	6	young	young	PROPN
ger-290	438	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	438	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-290	438	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-290	438	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	438	11	in	in	ADP
ger-290	438	12	press	press	NOUN
ger-290	438	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	438	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	439	1	responding	respond	VERB
ger-290	439	2	to	to	ADP
ger-290	439	3	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	439	4	unresponsive	unresponsive	ADJ
ger-290	439	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-290	439	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	439	7	a	a	DET
ger-290	439	8	systematic	systematic	ADJ
ger-290	439	9	review	review	NOUN
ger-290	439	10	of	of	ADP
ger-290	439	11	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	439	12	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	439	13	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-290	439	14	self	self	NOUN
ger-290	439	15	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	439	16	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
ger-290	439	17	using	use	VERB
ger-290	439	18	confidence	confidence	NOUN
ger-290	439	19	intervals	interval	NOUN
ger-290	439	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	440	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-290	440	2	of	of	ADP
ger-290	440	3	praxis	praxis	NOUN
ger-290	440	4	in	in	ADP
ger-290	440	5	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	440	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	440	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	441	1	about	about	ADP
ger-290	441	2	the	the	DET
ger-290	441	3	author(s	author(s	PROPN
ger-290	441	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	441	5	brian	brian	PROPN
ger-290	441	6	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	441	7	wright	wright	PROPN
ger-290	441	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	441	9	phd	phd	NOUN
ger-290	441	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	441	11	is	be	AUX
ger-290	441	12	an	an	DET
ger-290	441	13	assistant	assistant	ADJ
ger-290	441	14	professor	professor	NOUN
ger-290	441	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	441	16	early	early	ADJ
ger-290	441	17	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-290	441	18	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	441	19	in	in	ADP
ger-290	441	20	the	the	DET
ger-290	441	21	department	department	NOUN
ger-290	441	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	441	23	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-290	441	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	441	25	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-290	441	26	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ger-290	441	27	in	in	ADP
ger-290	441	28	the	the	DET
ger-290	441	29	college	college	NOUN
ger-290	441	30	of	of	ADP
ger-290	441	31	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	441	32	at	at	ADP
ger-290	441	33	the	the	DET
ger-290	441	34	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	441	35	of	of	ADP
ger-290	441	36	memphis	memphis	PROPN
ger-290	441	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	442	1	his	his	PRON
ger-290	442	2	research	research	NOUN
ger-290	442	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	442	4	publications	publication	NOUN
ger-290	442	5	examine	examine	VERB
ger-290	442	6	the	the	DET
ger-290	442	7	role	role	NOUN
ger-290	442	8	of	of	ADP
ger-290	442	9	racial	racial	ADJ
ger-290	442	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	442	11	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
ger-290	442	12	identity	identity	NOUN
ger-290	442	13	in	in	ADP
ger-290	442	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	442	15	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	442	16	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	442	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	442	18	successful	successful	ADJ
ger-290	442	19	african	african	ADJ
ger-290	442	20	-	-	PUNCT
ger-290	442	21	american	american	ADJ
ger-290	442	22	males	male	NOUN
ger-290	442	23	in	in	ADP
ger-290	442	24	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-290	442	25	schools	school	NOUN
ger-290	442	26	prek-12	prek-12	PROPN
ger-290	442	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	443	1	his	his	PRON
ger-290	443	2	current	current	ADJ
ger-290	443	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-290	443	4	projects	project	NOUN
ger-290	443	5	include	include	VERB
ger-290	443	6	highquality	highquality	NOUN
ger-290	443	7	early	early	ADJ
ger-290	443	8	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-290	443	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	443	10	programs	program	NOUN
ger-290	443	11	for	for	ADP
ger-290	443	12	all	all	DET
ger-290	443	13	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	443	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	443	15	but	but	CCONJ
ger-290	443	16	especially	especially	ADV
ger-290	443	17	those	those	DET
ger-290	443	18	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	443	19	living	live	VERB
ger-290	443	20	in	in	ADP
ger-290	443	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ger-290	443	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	443	23	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	443	24	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	443	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	443	26	responsible	responsible	ADJ
ger-290	443	27	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	443	28	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-290	443	29	for	for	ADP
ger-290	443	30	african	african	ADJ
ger-290	443	31	american	american	ADJ
ger-290	443	32	boys	boy	NOUN
ger-290	443	33	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	443	34	preschool	preschool	NOUN
ger-290	443	35	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	443	36	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-290	443	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	443	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	443	39	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-290	443	40	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	443	41	african	african	ADJ
ger-290	443	42	american	american	ADJ
ger-290	443	43	males	male	NOUN
ger-290	443	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	443	45	african	african	ADJ
ger-290	443	46	american	american	ADJ
ger-290	443	47	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	443	48	latino	latino	ADJ
ger-290	443	49	males	male	NOUN
ger-290	443	50	as	as	ADP
ger-290	443	51	early	early	ADJ
ger-290	443	52	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-290	443	53	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	443	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	443	55	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	443	56	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	443	57	identity	identity	NOUN
ger-290	443	58	development	development	NOUN
ger-290	443	59	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	444	1	donna	donna	PROPN
ger-290	444	2	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-290	444	3	ford	ford	PROPN
ger-290	444	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	444	5	phd	phd	PROPN
ger-290	444	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	444	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	444	8	professor	professor	NOUN
ger-290	444	9	of	of	ADP
ger-290	444	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	444	11	with	with	ADP
ger-290	444	12	joint	joint	ADJ
ger-290	444	13	appointments	appointment	NOUN
ger-290	444	14	in	in	ADP
ger-290	444	15	the	the	DET
ger-290	444	16	department	department	NOUN
ger-290	444	17	of	of	ADP
ger-290	444	18	special	special	ADJ
ger-290	444	19	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	444	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	444	21	in	in	ADP
ger-290	444	22	the	the	DET
ger-290	444	23	department	department	NOUN
ger-290	444	24	of	of	ADP
ger-290	444	25	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-290	444	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	444	27	learning	learn	VERB
ger-290	444	28	at	at	ADP
ger-290	444	29	vanderbilt	vanderbilt	PROPN
ger-290	444	30	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	444	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	445	1	she	she	PRON
ger-290	445	2	conducts	conduct	VERB
ger-290	445	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-290	445	4	primarily	primarily	ADV
ger-290	445	5	in	in	ADP
ger-290	445	6	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	445	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	445	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	445	9	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	445	10	/	/	SYM
ger-290	445	11	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-290	445	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	445	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	446	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-290	446	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	446	3	her	her	PRON
ger-290	446	4	work	work	NOUN
ger-290	446	5	focuses	focus	VERB
ger-290	446	6	on	on	ADP
ger-290	446	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-290	446	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	446	9	1	1	X
ger-290	446	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	446	11	recruiting	recruit	VERB
ger-290	446	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	446	13	retaining	retain	VERB
ger-290	446	14	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	446	15	different	different	ADJ
ger-290	446	16	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	446	17	in	in	ADP
ger-290	446	18	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	446	19	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	446	20	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	446	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	446	22	2	2	X
ger-290	446	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	446	24	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	446	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	446	26	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-290	446	27	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	446	28	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	446	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	446	30	3	3	X
ger-290	446	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	446	32	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	446	33	gaps	gap	NOUN
ger-290	446	34	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	446	35	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	446	36	4	4	X
ger-290	446	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	446	38	minority	minority	NOUN
ger-290	446	39	student	student	NOUN
ger-290	446	40	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	446	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	446	42	underachievement	underachievement	NOUN
ger-290	446	43	;	;	PUNCT
ger-290	446	44	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	446	45	(	(	PUNCT
ger-290	446	46	5	5	X
ger-290	446	47	)	)	PUNCT
ger-290	446	48	family	family	NOUN
ger-290	446	49	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ger-290	446	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	447	1	she	she	PRON
ger-290	447	2	consults	consult	VERB
ger-290	447	3	with	with	ADP
ger-290	447	4	school	school	NOUN
ger-290	447	5	districts	district	NOUN
ger-290	447	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	447	7	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	447	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	447	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	447	10	legal	legal	ADJ
ger-290	447	11	organizations	organization	NOUN
ger-290	447	12	in	in	ADP
ger-290	447	13	the	the	DET
ger-290	447	14	areas	area	NOUN
ger-290	447	15	of	of	ADP
ger-290	447	16	gifted	gifted	ADJ
ger-290	447	17	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	447	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	447	19	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ger-290	447	20	placement	placement	NOUN
ger-290	447	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	447	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	447	23	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	447	24	/	/	SYM
ger-290	447	25	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-290	447	26	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	447	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	448	1	jemimah	jemimah	PROPN
ger-290	448	2	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-290	448	3	young	young	PROPN
ger-290	448	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	448	5	phd	phd	NOUN
ger-290	448	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	448	7	is	be	AUX
ger-290	448	8	an	an	DET
ger-290	448	9	assistant	assistant	ADJ
ger-290	448	10	professor	professor	NOUN
ger-290	448	11	in	in	ADP
ger-290	448	12	the	the	DET
ger-290	448	13	department	department	NOUN
ger-290	448	14	of	of	ADP
ger-290	448	15	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	448	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	448	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	448	18	administration	administration	NOUN
ger-290	448	19	at	at	ADP
ger-290	448	20	the	the	DET
ger-290	448	21	university	university	PROPN
ger-290	448	22	of	of	ADP
ger-290	448	23	north	north	PROPN
ger-290	448	24	texas	texas	PROPN
ger-290	448	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	449	1	she	she	PRON
ger-290	449	2	actively	actively	ADV
ger-290	449	3	engages	engage	VERB
ger-290	449	4	in	in	ADP
ger-290	449	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	449	6	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-290	449	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	449	8	pre	pre	ADJ
ger-290	449	9	-	-	ADJ
ger-290	449	10	service	service	ADJ
ger-290	449	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-290	449	12	to	to	PART
ger-290	449	13	meet	meet	VERB
ger-290	449	14	the	the	DET
ger-290	449	15	needs	need	NOUN
ger-290	449	16	of	of	ADP
ger-290	449	17	all	all	DET
ger-290	449	18	their	their	PRON
ger-290	449	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-290	449	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	450	1	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-290	450	2	research	research	NOUN
ger-290	450	3	interests	interest	NOUN
ger-290	450	4	include	include	VERB
ger-290	450	5	the	the	DET
ger-290	450	6	investigation	investigation	NOUN
ger-290	450	7	of	of	ADP
ger-290	450	8	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ger-290	450	9	cultures	culture	NOUN
ger-290	450	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-290	450	11	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
ger-290	450	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	450	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-290	451	1	her	her	PRON
ger-290	451	2	specialization	specialization	NOUN
ger-290	451	3	includes	include	VERB
ger-290	451	4	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-290	451	5	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-290	451	6	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-290	451	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	451	8	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-290	451	9	of	of	ADP
ger-290	451	10	children	child	NOUN
ger-290	451	11	of	of	ADP
ger-290	451	12	color	color	NOUN
ger-290	451	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	451	14	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-290	451	15	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-290	451	16	environments	environment	NOUN
ger-290	451	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	451	18	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-290	451	19	technology	technology	NOUN
ger-290	451	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-290	451	21	as	as	ADV
ger-290	451	22	well	well	ADV
ger-290	451	23	as	as	ADP
ger-290	451	24	the	the	DET
ger-290	451	25	sociology	sociology	NOUN
ger-290	451	26	of	of	ADP
ger-290	451	27	education	education	NOUN
ger-290	451	28	.	.	PUNCT