id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ger-324	1	1	58	58	NUM
ger-324	1	2	global	global	ADJ
ger-324	1	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	1	4	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	1	5	4(2	4(2	NUM
ger-324	1	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	2	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	3	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	4	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	5	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	6	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	7	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	8	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	9	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	10	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	11	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	12	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	13	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	14	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	15	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	16	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	17	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	18	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	19	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	20	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	21	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	22	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	23	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	24	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	25	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	26	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	27	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	28	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	29	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	30	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	31	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	32	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	33	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	34	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	35	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	36	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	37	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	38	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	39	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	40	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	41	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	42	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	43	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	44	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	45	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	46	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	47	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	48	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	49	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	50	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	51	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	52	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	53	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	54	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	55	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	56	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	57	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	58	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	59	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	60	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	61	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	62	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	63	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	64	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	65	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	66	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	67	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	68	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	69	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	70	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	71	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	72	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	73	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	74	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	75	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	76	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	77	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	78	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	79	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	80	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	81	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	82	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	83	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	84	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	85	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	86	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	87	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	88	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	89	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	90	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	91	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	92	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	93	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	94	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	95	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	96	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	97	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	98	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	99	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	100	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	101	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	102	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	103	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	104	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	105	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	106	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	107	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	108	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	109	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	110	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	111	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	112	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	113	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	114	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	115	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	116	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	117	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	118	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	119	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	120	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	121	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	122	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	123	1	global	global	ADJ
ger-324	123	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	123	3	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	123	4	is	be	AUX
ger-324	123	5	a	a	DET
ger-324	123	6	publication	publication	NOUN
ger-324	123	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	123	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	123	9	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	123	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	123	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	123	12	at	at	ADP
ger-324	123	13	mercy	mercy	NOUN
ger-324	123	14	college	college	NOUN
ger-324	123	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	123	16	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	123	17	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	123	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	124	1	this	this	PRON
ger-324	124	2	is	be	AUX
ger-324	124	3	an	an	DET
ger-324	124	4	open	open	ADJ
ger-324	124	5	access	access	NOUN
ger-324	124	6	article	article	NOUN
ger-324	124	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
ger-324	124	8	under	under	ADP
ger-324	124	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	124	10	terms	term	NOUN
ger-324	124	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	124	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	124	13	creative	creative	ADJ
ger-324	124	14	commons	common	NOUN
ger-324	124	15	attribution	attribution	NOUN
ger-324	124	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	124	17	noncommercial	noncommercial	ADJ
ger-324	124	18	3.0	3.0	NUM
ger-324	124	19	unported	unported	ADJ
ger-324	124	20	license	license	NOUN
ger-324	124	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	124	22	permitting	permit	VERB
ger-324	124	23	all	all	DET
ger-324	124	24	non	non	ADJ
ger-324	124	25	-	-	ADJ
ger-324	124	26	commercial	commercial	ADJ
ger-324	124	27	use	use	NOUN
ger-324	124	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	124	29	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ger-324	124	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	124	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	124	32	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN
ger-324	124	33	in	in	ADP
ger-324	124	34	any	any	DET
ger-324	124	35	medium	medium	NOUN
ger-324	124	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	124	37	provided	provide	VERB
ger-324	124	38	the	the	DET
ger-324	124	39	original	original	ADJ
ger-324	124	40	work	work	NOUN
ger-324	124	41	is	be	AUX
ger-324	124	42	properly	properly	ADV
ger-324	124	43	cited	cite	VERB
ger-324	124	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	125	1	citation	citation	NOUN
ger-324	125	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	125	3	repko	repko	PROPN
ger-324	125	4	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	125	5	erwin	erwin	PROPN
ger-324	125	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	125	7	melia	melia	PROPN
ger-324	125	8	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	125	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	125	10	2017	2017	NUM
ger-324	125	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	125	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	126	1	was	be	AUX
ger-324	126	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	126	3	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	126	4	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	126	5	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	127	1	examining	examine	VERB
ger-324	127	2	us	we	PRON
ger-324	127	3	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	127	4	as	as	ADP
ger-324	127	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	127	6	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	127	7	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	127	8	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	127	9	in	in	ADP
ger-324	127	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	127	11	wake	wake	NOUN
ger-324	127	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	127	13	no	no	DET
ger-324	127	14	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	127	15	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	127	16	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	127	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	128	1	global	global	ADJ
ger-324	128	2	education	education	PROPN
ger-324	128	3	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	128	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	128	5	4(2	4(2	NUM
ger-324	128	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	128	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	128	8	58	58	NUM
ger-324	128	9	-	-	SYM
ger-324	128	10	74	74	NUM
ger-324	128	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	129	1	was	be	AUX
ger-324	129	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	129	3	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	129	4	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	129	5	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	130	1	examining	examine	VERB
ger-324	130	2	us	we	PRON
ger-324	130	3	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	130	4	as	as	ADP
ger-324	130	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	130	6	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	130	7	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	130	8	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	130	9	in	in	ADP
ger-324	130	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	130	11	wake	wake	NOUN
ger-324	130	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	130	13	no	no	DET
ger-324	130	14	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	130	15	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	130	16	behind	behind	ADP
ger-324	130	17	melia	melia	PROPN
ger-324	130	18	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	130	19	repko	repko	PROPN
ger-324	130	20	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	130	21	erwin	erwin	PROPN
ger-324	130	22	university	university	PROPN
ger-324	130	23	of	of	ADP
ger-324	130	24	colorado	colorado	PROPN
ger-324	130	25	at	at	ADP
ger-324	130	26	boulder	boulder	PROPN
ger-324	130	27	abstract	abstract	NOUN
ger-324	130	28	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	130	29	the	the	DET
ger-324	130	30	passage	passage	NOUN
ger-324	130	31	of	of	ADP
ger-324	130	32	no	no	DET
ger-324	130	33	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	130	34	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	130	35	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	130	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	130	37	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	130	38	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	130	39	in	in	ADP
ger-324	130	40	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	130	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	130	42	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	130	43	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	130	44	in	in	ADP
ger-324	130	45	the	the	DET
ger-324	130	46	united	united	PROPN
ger-324	130	47	states	states	PROPN
ger-324	130	48	have	have	AUX
ger-324	130	49	witnessed	witness	VERB
ger-324	130	50	an	an	DET
ger-324	130	51	influx	influx	NOUN
ger-324	130	52	of	of	ADP
ger-324	130	53	reforms	reform	NOUN
ger-324	130	54	intended	intend	VERB
ger-324	130	55	to	to	PART
ger-324	130	56	elevate	elevate	VERB
ger-324	130	57	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	130	58	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	130	59	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	130	60	standing	stand	VERB
ger-324	130	61	in	in	ADP
ger-324	130	62	a	a	DET
ger-324	130	63	global	global	ADJ
ger-324	130	64	economy	economy	NOUN
ger-324	130	65	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	131	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	131	2	unprecedented	unprecedented	ADJ
ger-324	131	3	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	131	4	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ger-324	131	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	131	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	131	7	resulting	result	VERB
ger-324	131	8	from	from	ADP
ger-324	131	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	131	10	passage	passage	NOUN
ger-324	131	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	131	12	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	131	13	has	have	AUX
ger-324	131	14	propelled	propel	VERB
ger-324	131	15	a	a	DET
ger-324	131	16	nationwide	nationwide	ADJ
ger-324	131	17	movement	movement	NOUN
ger-324	131	18	to	to	PART
ger-324	131	19	standardize	standardize	VERB
ger-324	131	20	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	131	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	131	22	raise	raise	VERB
ger-324	131	23	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	131	24	levels	level	NOUN
ger-324	131	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	131	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	131	27	hold	hold	VERB
ger-324	131	28	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	131	29	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ger-324	131	30	for	for	ADP
ger-324	131	31	improved	improved	ADJ
ger-324	131	32	student	student	NOUN
ger-324	131	33	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	131	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	132	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	132	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	132	3	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	132	4	has	have	AUX
ger-324	132	5	not	not	PART
ger-324	132	6	been	be	AUX
ger-324	132	7	immune	immune	ADJ
ger-324	132	8	to	to	ADP
ger-324	132	9	these	these	DET
ger-324	132	10	efforts	effort	NOUN
ger-324	132	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	133	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	133	2	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	133	3	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	133	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	133	5	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	133	6	published	publish	VERB
ger-324	133	7	within	within	ADP
ger-324	133	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	133	9	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	133	10	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	133	11	-	-	SYM
ger-324	133	12	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	133	13	synthesizes	synthesize	VERB
ger-324	133	14	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ger-324	133	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	133	16	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ger-324	133	17	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	133	18	centered	center	VERB
ger-324	133	19	on	on	ADP
ger-324	133	20	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	133	21	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	133	22	post	post	NOUN
ger-324	133	23	-	-	NOUN
ger-324	133	24	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	133	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	134	1	connecting	connect	VERB
ger-324	134	2	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	134	3	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	134	4	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	134	5	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	134	6	on	on	ADP
ger-324	134	7	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	134	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	134	9	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	134	10	to	to	ADP
ger-324	134	11	issues	issue	NOUN
ger-324	134	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	134	13	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	134	14	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	134	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	134	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	134	17	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	134	18	of	of	ADP
ger-324	134	19	academics	academic	NOUN
ger-324	134	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	134	21	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	134	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	134	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	134	24	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	134	25	appropriateness	appropriateness	NOUN
ger-324	134	26	in	in	ADP
ger-324	134	27	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	134	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	134	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	134	30	changes	change	NOUN
ger-324	134	31	in	in	ADP
ger-324	134	32	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	134	33	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	134	34	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	135	1	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	135	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	135	3	author	author	NOUN
ger-324	135	4	examines	examine	VERB
ger-324	135	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	135	6	complicated	complicated	ADJ
ger-324	135	7	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-324	135	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	135	9	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	135	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	135	11	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	135	12	in	in	ADP
ger-324	135	13	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	135	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	135	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	135	16	wake	wake	NOUN
ger-324	135	17	of	of	ADP
ger-324	135	18	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	135	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	135	20	with	with	ADP
ger-324	135	21	implications	implication	NOUN
ger-324	135	22	for	for	ADP
ger-324	135	23	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	135	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	135	25	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	135	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	135	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	135	28	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	135	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	136	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ger-324	136	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	136	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	136	4	no	no	DET
ger-324	136	5	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	136	6	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	136	7	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	136	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	136	9	united	united	PROPN
ger-324	136	10	states	states	PROPN
ger-324	136	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	136	12	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	136	13	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	136	14	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	136	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	136	16	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	136	17	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	136	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	136	19	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	136	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	136	21	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	136	22	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	136	23	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	136	24	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	136	25	methods	method	NOUN
ger-324	136	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	136	27	theories	theory	NOUN
ger-324	136	28	have	have	AUX
ger-324	136	29	come	come	VERB
ger-324	136	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	136	31	gone	go	VERB
ger-324	136	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	136	33	yet	yet	CCONJ
ger-324	136	34	none	none	NOUN
ger-324	136	35	has	have	AUX
ger-324	136	36	been	be	AUX
ger-324	136	37	"	"	PUNCT
ger-324	136	38	proven	prove	VERB
ger-324	136	39	"	"	PUNCT
ger-324	136	40	to	to	PART
ger-324	136	41	be	be	AUX
ger-324	136	42	the	the	DET
ger-324	136	43	best	good	ADJ
ger-324	136	44	for	for	ADP
ger-324	136	45	kindergartners	kindergartner	NOUN
ger-324	136	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	137	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	137	2	often	often	ADV
ger-324	137	3	unasked	unaske	VERB
ger-324	137	4	question	question	NOUN
ger-324	137	5	is	be	AUX
ger-324	137	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	137	7	"	"	PUNCT
ger-324	137	8	best	good	ADJ
ger-324	137	9	for	for	ADP
ger-324	137	10	what	what	PRON
ger-324	137	11	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	137	12	"	"	PUNCT
ger-324	137	13	for	for	ADP
ger-324	137	14	socializing	socialize	VERB
ger-324	137	15	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	137	16	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	137	17	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	138	1	for	for	ADP
ger-324	138	2	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-324	138	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	138	4	3	3	NUM
ger-324	138	5	rs	rs	NOUN
ger-324	138	6	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	139	1	for	for	ADP
ger-324	139	2	getting	get	VERB
ger-324	139	3	ready	ready	ADJ
ger-324	139	4	for	for	ADP
ger-324	139	5	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	139	6	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	139	7	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	140	1	for	for	ADP
ger-324	140	2	eradicating	eradicate	VERB
ger-324	140	3	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ger-324	140	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	140	5	illiteracy	illiteracy	NOUN
ger-324	140	6	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	141	1	for	for	ADP
ger-324	141	2	stimulating	stimulate	VERB
ger-324	141	3	creativity	creativity	NOUN
ger-324	141	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	141	5	independence	independence	NOUN
ger-324	141	6	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	142	1	...	...	PUNCT
ger-324	142	2	over	over	ADP
ger-324	142	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	142	4	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	142	5	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	142	6	has	have	AUX
ger-324	142	7	been	be	AUX
ger-324	142	8	called	call	VERB
ger-324	142	9	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	142	10	to	to	PART
ger-324	142	11	do	do	VERB
ger-324	142	12	all	all	PRON
ger-324	142	13	of	of	ADP
ger-324	142	14	these	these	DET
ger-324	142	15	tasks	task	NOUN
ger-324	142	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	143	1	it	it	PRON
ger-324	143	2	still	still	ADV
ger-324	143	3	is	be	AUX
ger-324	143	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	144	1	—	—	PUNCT
ger-324	144	2	bryant	bryant	PROPN
ger-324	144	3	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	144	4	clifford	clifford	PROPN
ger-324	144	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	144	6	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	144	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	144	8	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	144	9	151	151	NUM
ger-324	144	10	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ger-324	144	11	in	in	ADP
ger-324	144	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	144	13	united	united	PROPN
ger-324	144	14	states	states	PROPN
ger-324	144	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	144	16	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	144	17	has	have	AUX
ger-324	144	18	been	be	AUX
ger-324	144	19	an	an	DET
ger-324	144	20	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	144	21	reform	reform	NOUN
ger-324	144	22	with	with	ADP
ger-324	144	23	remarkable	remarkable	ADJ
ger-324	144	24	staying	staying	NOUN
ger-324	144	25	power	power	NOUN
ger-324	144	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	144	27	cuban	cuban	ADJ
ger-324	144	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	144	29	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	144	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	144	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	145	1	inspired	inspire	VERB
ger-324	145	2	by	by	ADP
ger-324	145	3	german	german	ADJ
ger-324	145	4	educator	educator	NOUN
ger-324	145	5	friedrich	friedrich	PROPN
ger-324	145	6	froebel	froebel	NOUN
ger-324	145	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	145	8	his	his	PRON
ger-324	145	9	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	145	10	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	145	11	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	145	12	garden	garden	NOUN
ger-324	145	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	145	14	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	145	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	145	16	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	145	17	publically	publically	ADV
ger-324	145	18	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	145	19	funded	fund	VERB
ger-324	145	20	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	145	21	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	145	22	opened	open	VERB
ger-324	145	23	in	in	ADP
ger-324	145	24	st	st	PROPN
ger-324	145	25	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	145	26	louis	louis	PROPN
ger-324	145	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	145	28	missouri	missouri	PROPN
ger-324	145	29	in	in	ADP
ger-324	145	30	1873	1873	NUM
ger-324	145	31	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	145	32	dombkowski	dombkowski	PROPN
ger-324	145	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	145	34	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	145	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	145	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	146	1	by	by	ADP
ger-324	146	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	146	3	1950s	1950s	NUM
ger-324	146	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	146	5	local	local	ADJ
ger-324	146	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	146	7	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	146	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	146	9	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	146	10	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	147	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	148	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	149	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	150	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	151	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	152	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	153	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	154	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	155	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	156	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	157	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	158	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	159	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	160	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	161	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	162	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	163	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	164	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	165	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	166	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	167	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	168	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	169	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	170	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	171	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	172	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	173	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	174	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-324	174	2	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
ger-324	174	3	author	author	NOUN
ger-324	174	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	174	5	melia	melia	PROPN
ger-324	174	6	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	174	7	repko	repko	PROPN
ger-324	174	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	174	9	erwin	erwin	PROPN
ger-324	174	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	174	11	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	174	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	174	13	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	174	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	174	15	rm	rm	PROPN
ger-324	174	16	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	174	17	437	437	NUM
ger-324	174	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	174	19	university	university	NOUN
ger-324	174	20	of	of	ADP
ger-324	174	21	colorado	colorado	PROPN
ger-324	174	22	at	at	ADP
ger-324	174	23	boulder	boulder	PROPN
ger-324	174	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	174	25	boulder	boulder	PROPN
ger-324	174	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	174	27	colorado	colorado	PROPN
ger-324	174	28	80309	80309	NUM
ger-324	174	29	email	email	NOUN
ger-324	174	30	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	174	31	mere2382@colorado.edu	mere2382@colorado.edu	VERB
ger-324	174	32	mailto:mere2382@colorado.edu	mailto:mere2382@colorado.edu	PROPN
ger-324	174	33	was	be	AUX
ger-324	174	34	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	174	35	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	174	36	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	174	37	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	175	1	59	59	NUM
ger-324	175	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	175	3	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	175	4	support	support	NOUN
ger-324	175	5	for	for	ADP
ger-324	175	6	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	175	7	—	—	PUNCT
ger-324	175	8	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
ger-324	175	9	by	by	ADP
ger-324	175	10	its	its	PRON
ger-324	175	11	growing	grow	VERB
ger-324	175	12	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	175	13	popularity	popularity	NOUN
ger-324	175	14	—	—	PUNCT
ger-324	175	15	helped	help	VERB
ger-324	175	16	to	to	PART
ger-324	175	17	firmly	firmly	ADV
ger-324	175	18	secure	secure	VERB
ger-324	175	19	the	the	DET
ger-324	175	20	reform	reform	NOUN
ger-324	175	21	as	as	ADP
ger-324	175	22	part	part	NOUN
ger-324	175	23	of	of	ADP
ger-324	175	24	the	the	DET
ger-324	175	25	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	175	26	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	175	27	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	175	28	system	system	NOUN
ger-324	175	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	175	30	cuban	cuban	ADJ
ger-324	175	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	175	32	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	175	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	175	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	175	35	with	with	ADP
ger-324	175	36	70	70	NUM
ger-324	175	37	%	%	NOUN
ger-324	175	38	of	of	ADP
ger-324	175	39	the	the	DET
ger-324	175	40	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-324	175	41	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	175	42	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	175	43	districts	district	NOUN
ger-324	175	44	offering	offer	VERB
ger-324	175	45	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	175	46	by	by	ADP
ger-324	175	47	1959	1959	NUM
ger-324	175	48	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	175	49	dombkowski	dombkowski	PROPN
ger-324	175	50	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	175	51	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	175	52	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	175	53	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	176	1	by	by	ADP
ger-324	176	2	1986	1986	NUM
ger-324	176	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	176	4	every	every	DET
ger-324	176	5	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	176	6	in	in	ADP
ger-324	176	7	the	the	DET
ger-324	176	8	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-324	176	9	subsidized	subsidize	VERB
ger-324	176	10	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	176	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	176	12	at	at	ADP
ger-324	176	13	least	least	ADJ
ger-324	176	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	176	15	part	part	NOUN
ger-324	176	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	176	17	dhuey	dhuey	NOUN
ger-324	176	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	176	19	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	176	20	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	176	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	176	22	though	though	SCONJ
ger-324	176	23	at	at	ADP
ger-324	176	24	the	the	DET
ger-324	176	25	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	176	26	of	of	ADP
ger-324	176	27	writing	write	VERB
ger-324	176	28	only	only	ADV
ger-324	176	29	thirteen	thirteen	NUM
ger-324	176	30	states	state	NOUN
ger-324	176	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	176	32	the	the	DET
ger-324	176	33	district	district	NOUN
ger-324	176	34	of	of	ADP
ger-324	176	35	columbia	columbia	PROPN
ger-324	176	36	require	require	VERB
ger-324	176	37	their	their	PRON
ger-324	176	38	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	176	39	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	176	40	to	to	PART
ger-324	176	41	provide	provide	VERB
ger-324	176	42	full	full	ADJ
ger-324	176	43	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	176	44	day	day	NOUN
ger-324	176	45	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	176	46	programs	program	NOUN
ger-324	176	47	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	176	48	parker	parker	PROPN
ger-324	176	49	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	176	50	diffey	diffey	PROPN
ger-324	176	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	176	52	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	176	53	atchison	atchison	PROPN
ger-324	176	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	176	55	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	176	56	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	176	57	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	177	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	177	2	spite	spite	NOUN
ger-324	177	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	177	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	177	5	traction	traction	NOUN
ger-324	177	6	that	that	PRON
ger-324	177	7	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	177	8	gained	gain	VERB
ger-324	177	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	177	10	has	have	AUX
ger-324	177	11	maintained	maintain	VERB
ger-324	177	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	177	13	it	it	PRON
ger-324	177	14	continues	continue	VERB
ger-324	177	15	to	to	PART
ger-324	177	16	hold	hold	VERB
ger-324	177	17	a	a	DET
ger-324	177	18	unique	unique	ADJ
ger-324	177	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	177	20	often	often	ADV
ger-324	177	21	contested	contest	VERB
ger-324	177	22	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	177	23	in	in	ADP
ger-324	177	24	united	united	PROPN
ger-324	177	25	states	states	PROPN
ger-324	177	26	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	177	27	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	177	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	177	29	bryant	bryant	PROPN
ger-324	177	30	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	177	31	clifford	clifford	PROPN
ger-324	177	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	177	33	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	177	34	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	177	35	dombkowski	dombkowski	PROPN
ger-324	177	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	177	37	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	177	38	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	177	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	178	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	178	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	178	3	entry	entry	NOUN
ger-324	178	4	marks	mark	VERB
ger-324	178	5	a	a	DET
ger-324	178	6	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-324	178	7	milestone	milestone	NOUN
ger-324	178	8	for	for	ADP
ger-324	178	9	most	most	ADJ
ger-324	178	10	fiveand	fiveand	NOUN
ger-324	178	11	six	six	NUM
ger-324	178	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	178	13	year	year	NOUN
ger-324	178	14	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	178	15	olds	old	NOUN
ger-324	178	16	across	across	ADP
ger-324	178	17	the	the	DET
ger-324	178	18	country	country	NOUN
ger-324	178	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	178	20	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	178	21	is	be	AUX
ger-324	178	22	only	only	ADV
ger-324	178	23	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
ger-324	178	24	in	in	ADP
ger-324	178	25	fifteen	fifteen	NUM
ger-324	178	26	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	178	27	states	state	NOUN
ger-324	178	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	178	29	workman	workman	NOUN
ger-324	178	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	178	31	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	178	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	178	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	179	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ger-324	179	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	179	3	though	though	SCONJ
ger-324	179	4	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	179	5	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	179	6	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	179	7	have	have	VERB
ger-324	179	8	prior	prior	ADJ
ger-324	179	9	outside	outside	ADP
ger-324	179	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	179	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	179	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	179	13	the	the	DET
ger-324	179	14	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	179	15	home	home	NOUN
ger-324	179	16	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	179	17	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-324	179	18	at	at	ADP
ger-324	179	19	preschools	preschool	NOUN
ger-324	179	20	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-324	179	21	childcare	childcare	NOUN
ger-324	179	22	centers	center	NOUN
ger-324	179	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	179	24	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	179	25	has	have	AUX
ger-324	179	26	traditionally	traditionally	ADV
ger-324	179	27	served	serve	VERB
ger-324	179	28	to	to	PART
ger-324	179	29	bridge	bridge	VERB
ger-324	179	30	these	these	DET
ger-324	179	31	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	179	32	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-324	179	33	with	with	ADP
ger-324	179	34	the	the	DET
ger-324	179	35	more	more	ADV
ger-324	179	36	formal	formal	ADJ
ger-324	179	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	179	38	academically	academically	ADV
ger-324	179	39	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	179	40	focused	focus	VERB
ger-324	179	41	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	179	42	environments	environment	NOUN
ger-324	179	43	ubiquitous	ubiquitous	ADJ
ger-324	179	44	in	in	ADP
ger-324	179	45	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	179	46	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	179	47	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	179	48	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	179	49	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-324	179	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	180	1	yet	yet	CCONJ
ger-324	180	2	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-324	180	3	changes	change	NOUN
ger-324	180	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	180	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	180	6	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-324	180	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	180	8	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	180	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	180	10	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	180	11	have	have	AUX
ger-324	180	12	caused	cause	VERB
ger-324	180	13	some	some	PRON
ger-324	180	14	to	to	PART
ger-324	180	15	wonder	wonder	VERB
ger-324	180	16	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-324	180	17	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	180	18	is	be	AUX
ger-324	180	19	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	180	20	the	the	DET
ger-324	180	21	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	180	22	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	180	23	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	180	24	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	180	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	180	26	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	180	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	180	28	latham	latham	PROPN
ger-324	180	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	180	30	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	180	31	rorem	rorem	PROPN
ger-324	180	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	180	33	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	180	34	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	180	35	strauss	strauss	PROPN
ger-324	180	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	180	37	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	180	38	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	180	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	181	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	181	2	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	181	3	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	181	4	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	181	5	synthesizes	synthesize	VERB
ger-324	181	6	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ger-324	181	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	181	8	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ger-324	181	9	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	181	10	centered	center	VERB
ger-324	181	11	on	on	ADP
ger-324	181	12	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	181	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	181	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	181	15	united	united	PROPN
ger-324	181	16	states	states	PROPN
ger-324	181	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	181	18	focusing	focus	VERB
ger-324	181	19	primarily	primarily	ADV
ger-324	181	20	on	on	ADP
ger-324	181	21	peer	peer	NOUN
ger-324	181	22	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	181	23	reviewed	review	VERB
ger-324	181	24	articles	article	NOUN
ger-324	181	25	published	publish	VERB
ger-324	181	26	after	after	ADP
ger-324	181	27	the	the	DET
ger-324	181	28	passage	passage	NOUN
ger-324	181	29	of	of	ADP
ger-324	181	30	no	no	DET
ger-324	181	31	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	181	32	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	181	33	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	181	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	181	35	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	181	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	181	37	during	during	ADP
ger-324	181	38	the	the	DET
ger-324	181	39	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	181	40	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	181	41	-	-	SYM
ger-324	181	42	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	181	43	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	182	1	because	because	SCONJ
ger-324	182	2	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	182	3	signaled	signal	VERB
ger-324	182	4	an	an	DET
ger-324	182	5	unprecedented	unprecedented	ADJ
ger-324	182	6	level	level	NOUN
ger-324	182	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	182	8	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	182	9	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ger-324	182	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	182	11	k-12	k-12	PROPN
ger-324	182	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	182	13	—	—	PUNCT
ger-324	182	14	resulting	result	VERB
ger-324	182	15	in	in	ADP
ger-324	182	16	an	an	DET
ger-324	182	17	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	182	18	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	182	19	on	on	ADP
ger-324	182	20	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	182	21	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	182	22	based	base	VERB
ger-324	182	23	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	182	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	182	25	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	182	26	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	182	27	stakes	stake	NOUN
ger-324	182	28	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	182	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	182	30	mcguinn	mcguinn	NOUN
ger-324	182	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	182	32	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	182	33	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	182	34	meens	meens	PROPN
ger-324	182	35	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	182	36	howe	howe	PROPN
ger-324	182	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	182	38	2015)—i	2015)—i	PRON
ger-324	182	39	wanted	want	VERB
ger-324	182	40	to	to	PART
ger-324	182	41	know	know	VERB
ger-324	182	42	what	what	PRON
ger-324	182	43	links	link	NOUN
ger-324	182	44	might	might	AUX
ger-324	182	45	be	be	AUX
ger-324	182	46	made	make	VERB
ger-324	182	47	between	between	ADP
ger-324	182	48	the	the	DET
ger-324	182	49	onset	onset	NOUN
ger-324	182	50	of	of	ADP
ger-324	182	51	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	182	52	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	182	53	perceived	perceive	VERB
ger-324	182	54	/	/	SYM
ger-324	182	55	actual	actual	ADJ
ger-324	182	56	changes	change	NOUN
ger-324	182	57	in	in	ADP
ger-324	182	58	the	the	DET
ger-324	182	59	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-324	182	60	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	182	61	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	182	62	of	of	ADP
ger-324	182	63	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	182	64	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	183	1	as	as	ADP
ger-324	183	2	a	a	DET
ger-324	183	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	183	4	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	183	5	educator	educator	NOUN
ger-324	183	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	183	7	scholar	scholar	NOUN
ger-324	183	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	183	9	i	i	PRON
ger-324	183	10	was	be	AUX
ger-324	183	11	especially	especially	ADV
ger-324	183	12	interested	interested	ADJ
ger-324	183	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	183	14	finding	find	VERB
ger-324	183	15	out	out	ADP
ger-324	183	16	if	if	SCONJ
ger-324	183	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	183	18	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	183	19	the	the	DET
ger-324	183	20	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	183	21	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	183	22	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	183	23	on	on	ADP
ger-324	183	24	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	183	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	183	26	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	183	27	has	have	AUX
ger-324	183	28	impacted	impact	VERB
ger-324	183	29	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	183	30	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	183	31	in	in	ADP
ger-324	183	32	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	183	33	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	183	34	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	183	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	184	1	because	because	SCONJ
ger-324	184	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	184	3	provisions	provision	NOUN
ger-324	184	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	184	5	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	184	6	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-324	184	7	focused	focus	VERB
ger-324	184	8	on	on	ADP
ger-324	184	9	improving	improve	VERB
ger-324	184	10	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	184	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	184	12	for	for	ADP
ger-324	184	13	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	184	14	from	from	ADP
ger-324	184	15	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	184	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	184	17	poverty	poverty	NOUN
ger-324	184	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	184	19	minoritized	minoritized	ADJ
ger-324	184	20	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
ger-324	184	21	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ger-324	184	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	184	23	my	my	PRON
ger-324	184	24	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	184	25	focuses	focus	VERB
ger-324	184	26	on	on	ADP
ger-324	184	27	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	184	28	these	these	DET
ger-324	184	29	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	184	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	184	31	in	in	ADP
ger-324	184	32	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-324	184	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	184	34	have	have	AUX
ger-324	184	35	fared	fare	VERB
ger-324	184	36	in	in	ADP
ger-324	184	37	the	the	DET
ger-324	184	38	wake	wake	NOUN
ger-324	184	39	of	of	ADP
ger-324	184	40	this	this	DET
ger-324	184	41	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	184	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	185	1	approaching	approach	VERB
ger-324	185	2	my	my	PRON
ger-324	185	3	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	185	4	from	from	ADP
ger-324	185	5	a	a	DET
ger-324	185	6	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	185	7	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
ger-324	185	8	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	185	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	185	10	heath	heath	PROPN
ger-324	185	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	12	1982	1982	NUM
ger-324	185	13	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	185	14	perry	perry	NOUN
ger-324	185	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	16	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	185	17	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	185	18	street	street	NOUN
ger-324	185	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	20	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	185	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	185	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	23	i	i	PRON
ger-324	185	24	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
ger-324	185	25	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	185	26	the	the	DET
ger-324	185	27	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-324	185	28	of	of	ADP
ger-324	185	29	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	185	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	185	31	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	185	32	are	be	AUX
ger-324	185	33	shaped	shape	VERB
ger-324	185	34	by	by	ADP
ger-324	185	35	the	the	DET
ger-324	185	36	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-324	185	37	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	185	38	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
ger-324	185	39	they	they	PRON
ger-324	185	40	hold	hold	VERB
ger-324	185	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	42	which	which	PRON
ger-324	185	43	are	be	AUX
ger-324	185	44	shaped	shape	VERB
ger-324	185	45	by	by	ADP
ger-324	185	46	the	the	DET
ger-324	185	47	communities	community	NOUN
ger-324	185	48	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	185	49	institutions	institution	NOUN
ger-324	185	50	within	within	ADP
ger-324	185	51	which	which	PRON
ger-324	185	52	they	they	PRON
ger-324	185	53	live	live	VERB
ger-324	185	54	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	185	55	operate	operate	VERB
ger-324	185	56	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	57	as	as	ADV
ger-324	185	58	well	well	ADV
ger-324	185	59	as	as	ADP
ger-324	185	60	their	their	PRON
ger-324	185	61	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-324	185	62	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	185	63	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
ger-324	185	64	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	185	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	66	personal	personal	ADJ
ger-324	185	67	histories	history	NOUN
ger-324	185	68	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	69	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	185	70	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ger-324	185	71	interactions	interaction	NOUN
ger-324	185	72	with	with	ADP
ger-324	185	73	others	other	NOUN
ger-324	185	74	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	185	75	gutierrez	gutierrez	PROPN
ger-324	185	76	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	185	77	rogoff	rogoff	PROPN
ger-324	185	78	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	79	2003	2003	NUM
ger-324	185	80	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	185	81	han	han	PROPN
ger-324	185	82	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	83	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	185	84	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	185	85	vygotsky	vygotsky	NOUN
ger-324	185	86	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	185	87	1978	1978	NUM
ger-324	185	88	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	185	89	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	186	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	186	2	questions	question	NOUN
ger-324	186	3	i	i	PRON
ger-324	186	4	ask	ask	VERB
ger-324	186	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	186	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	186	7	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	186	8	reflect	reflect	VERB
ger-324	186	9	my	my	PRON
ger-324	186	10	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	186	11	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	186	12	a	a	DET
ger-324	186	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	186	14	like	like	ADP
ger-324	186	15	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	186	16	has	have	AUX
ger-324	186	17	as	as	ADV
ger-324	186	18	much	much	ADJ
ger-324	186	19	influence	influence	NOUN
ger-324	186	20	on	on	ADP
ger-324	186	21	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	186	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	186	23	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	186	24	as	as	ADP
ger-324	186	25	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	186	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	186	27	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	186	28	have	have	VERB
ger-324	186	29	on	on	ADP
ger-324	186	30	the	the	DET
ger-324	186	31	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	186	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	186	33	coburn	coburn	NOUN
ger-324	186	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	186	35	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	186	36	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	186	37	goldstein	goldstein	PROPN
ger-324	186	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	186	39	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	186	40	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	186	41	lipsky	lipsky	PROPN
ger-324	186	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	186	43	1980	1980	NUM
ger-324	186	44	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	186	45	spillane	spillane	NOUN
ger-324	186	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	186	47	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	186	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	186	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	187	1	understanding	understand	VERB
ger-324	187	2	this	this	DET
ger-324	187	3	bidirectionality	bidirectionality	NOUN
ger-324	187	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	187	5	influence	influence	NOUN
ger-324	187	6	is	be	AUX
ger-324	187	7	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	187	8	to	to	ADP
ger-324	187	9	informing	inform	VERB
ger-324	187	10	not	not	PART
ger-324	187	11	only	only	ADV
ger-324	187	12	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	187	13	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	187	14	on	on	ADP
ger-324	187	15	a	a	DET
ger-324	187	16	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	187	17	is	be	AUX
ger-324	187	18	conducted	conduct	VERB
ger-324	187	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	187	20	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	187	21	what	what	PRON
ger-324	187	22	might	might	AUX
ger-324	187	23	be	be	AUX
ger-324	187	24	done	do	VERB
ger-324	187	25	in	in	ADP
ger-324	187	26	light	light	NOUN
ger-324	187	27	of	of	ADP
ger-324	187	28	the	the	DET
ger-324	187	29	implications	implication	NOUN
ger-324	187	30	of	of	ADP
ger-324	187	31	this	this	DET
ger-324	187	32	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	187	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	188	1	although	although	SCONJ
ger-324	188	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	188	3	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	188	4	long	long	ADJ
ger-324	188	5	history	history	NOUN
ger-324	188	6	as	as	ADP
ger-324	188	7	a	a	DET
ger-324	188	8	contested	contest	VERB
ger-324	188	9	space	space	NOUN
ger-324	188	10	has	have	AUX
ger-324	188	11	been	be	AUX
ger-324	188	12	well	well	ADV
ger-324	188	13	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	188	14	documented	document	VERB
ger-324	188	15	by	by	ADP
ger-324	188	16	others	other	NOUN
ger-324	188	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	188	18	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	188	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	188	20	bryant	bryant	PROPN
ger-324	188	21	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	188	22	clifford	clifford	PROPN
ger-324	188	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	188	24	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	188	25	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	188	26	cuban	cuban	ADJ
ger-324	188	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	188	28	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	188	29	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	188	30	dombkowski	dombkowski	PROPN
ger-324	188	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	188	32	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	188	33	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	188	34	russell	russell	PROPN
ger-324	188	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	188	36	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	188	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	188	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	188	39	the	the	DET
ger-324	188	40	complicated	complicated	ADJ
ger-324	188	41	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-324	188	42	of	of	ADP
ger-324	188	43	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	188	44	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	188	45	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	188	46	in	in	ADP
ger-324	188	47	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	188	48	post	post	ADJ
ger-324	188	49	-	-	ADJ
ger-324	188	50	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	188	51	demands	demand	VERB
ger-324	188	52	greater	great	ADJ
ger-324	188	53	attention	attention	NOUN
ger-324	188	54	by	by	ADP
ger-324	188	55	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	188	56	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	188	57	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	188	58	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	189	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	189	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	189	3	sections	section	NOUN
ger-324	189	4	that	that	PRON
ger-324	189	5	follow	follow	VERB
ger-324	189	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	189	7	i	i	PRON
ger-324	189	8	offer	offer	VERB
ger-324	189	9	my	my	PRON
ger-324	189	10	part	part	NOUN
ger-324	189	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	190	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	190	2	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	190	3	begins	begin	VERB
ger-324	190	4	with	with	ADP
ger-324	190	5	a	a	DET
ger-324	190	6	brief	brief	ADJ
ger-324	190	7	background	background	NOUN
ger-324	190	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	190	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	190	10	adoption	adoption	NOUN
ger-324	190	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	190	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	190	13	no	no	DET
ger-324	190	14	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	190	15	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	190	16	behind	behind	ADP
ger-324	190	17	act	act	NOUN
ger-324	190	18	of	of	ADP
ger-324	190	19	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	190	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	190	21	in	in	ADP
ger-324	190	22	order	order	NOUN
ger-324	190	23	to	to	PART
ger-324	190	24	provide	provide	VERB
ger-324	190	25	context	context	NOUN
ger-324	190	26	was	be	AUX
ger-324	190	27	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	190	28	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	190	29	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	190	30	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	191	1	60	60	NUM
ger-324	191	2	for	for	ADP
ger-324	191	3	readers	reader	NOUN
ger-324	191	4	less	less	ADV
ger-324	191	5	familiar	familiar	ADJ
ger-324	191	6	with	with	ADP
ger-324	191	7	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	191	8	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	191	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	191	10	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	191	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	192	1	next	next	ADV
ger-324	192	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	192	3	i	i	PRON
ger-324	192	4	offer	offer	VERB
ger-324	192	5	a	a	DET
ger-324	192	6	description	description	NOUN
ger-324	192	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	192	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	192	9	focus	focus	NOUN
ger-324	192	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	192	11	my	my	PRON
ger-324	192	12	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	192	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	193	1	source	source	NOUN
ger-324	193	2	selection	selection	NOUN
ger-324	193	3	was	be	AUX
ger-324	193	4	guided	guide	VERB
ger-324	193	5	by	by	ADP
ger-324	193	6	two	two	NUM
ger-324	193	7	primary	primary	ADJ
ger-324	193	8	questions	question	NOUN
ger-324	193	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	193	10	one	one	NUM
ger-324	193	11	focused	focus	VERB
ger-324	193	12	on	on	ADP
ger-324	193	13	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	193	14	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	193	15	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-324	193	16	on	on	ADP
ger-324	193	17	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	193	18	more	more	ADV
ger-324	193	19	generally	generally	ADV
ger-324	193	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	193	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	193	22	one	one	NUM
ger-324	193	23	focused	focus	VERB
ger-324	193	24	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-324	193	25	on	on	ADP
ger-324	193	26	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	193	27	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	193	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	194	1	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	194	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	194	3	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	194	4	under	under	ADP
ger-324	194	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	194	6	guidance	guidance	NOUN
ger-324	194	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	194	8	these	these	DET
ger-324	194	9	questions	question	NOUN
ger-324	194	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	194	11	i	i	PRON
ger-324	194	12	was	be	AUX
ger-324	194	13	able	able	ADJ
ger-324	194	14	to	to	PART
ger-324	194	15	connect	connect	VERB
ger-324	194	16	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	194	17	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	194	18	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	194	19	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	194	20	on	on	ADP
ger-324	194	21	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	194	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	194	23	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	194	24	to	to	ADP
ger-324	194	25	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	194	26	1	1	X
ger-324	194	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	194	28	issues	issue	NOUN
ger-324	194	29	of	of	ADP
ger-324	194	30	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	194	31	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	194	32	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	194	33	2	2	X
ger-324	194	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	194	35	the	the	DET
ger-324	194	36	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	194	37	of	of	ADP
ger-324	194	38	academics	academic	NOUN
ger-324	194	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	194	40	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	194	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	194	42	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	194	43	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	194	44	appropriateness	appropriateness	NOUN
ger-324	194	45	in	in	ADP
ger-324	194	46	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	194	47	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	194	48	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	194	49	3	3	X
ger-324	194	50	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	194	51	changes	change	NOUN
ger-324	194	52	in	in	ADP
ger-324	194	53	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	194	54	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	194	55	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	194	56	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	195	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	195	2	finality	finality	NOUN
ger-324	195	3	is	be	AUX
ger-324	195	4	a	a	DET
ger-324	195	5	rare	rare	ADJ
ger-324	195	6	find	find	NOUN
ger-324	195	7	in	in	ADP
ger-324	195	8	reviews	review	NOUN
ger-324	195	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	195	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	195	11	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	195	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	195	13	i	i	PRON
ger-324	195	14	am	be	AUX
ger-324	195	15	able	able	ADJ
ger-324	195	16	to	to	PART
ger-324	195	17	provide	provide	VERB
ger-324	195	18	readers	reader	NOUN
ger-324	195	19	with	with	ADP
ger-324	195	20	a	a	DET
ger-324	195	21	better	well	ADJ
ger-324	195	22	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ger-324	195	23	of	of	ADP
ger-324	195	24	where	where	SCONJ
ger-324	195	25	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	195	26	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	195	27	stands	stand	VERB
ger-324	195	28	in	in	ADP
ger-324	195	29	the	the	DET
ger-324	195	30	wake	wake	NOUN
ger-324	195	31	of	of	ADP
ger-324	195	32	no	no	DET
ger-324	195	33	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	195	34	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	195	35	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	195	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	195	37	with	with	ADP
ger-324	195	38	implications	implication	NOUN
ger-324	195	39	for	for	ADP
ger-324	195	40	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	195	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	195	42	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	195	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	195	44	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	195	45	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	195	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	196	1	no	no	DET
ger-324	196	2	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	196	3	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	196	4	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	196	5	though	though	SCONJ
ger-324	196	6	no	no	DET
ger-324	196	7	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	196	8	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	196	9	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	196	10	officially	officially	ADV
ger-324	196	11	became	become	VERB
ger-324	196	12	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	196	13	law	law	NOUN
ger-324	196	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	196	15	january	january	PROPN
ger-324	196	16	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	196	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	196	18	the	the	DET
ger-324	196	19	groundwork	groundwork	NOUN
ger-324	196	20	for	for	ADP
ger-324	196	21	the	the	DET
ger-324	196	22	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	196	23	was	be	AUX
ger-324	196	24	laid	lay	VERB
ger-324	196	25	nearly	nearly	ADV
ger-324	196	26	two	two	NUM
ger-324	196	27	decades	decade	NOUN
ger-324	196	28	prior	prior	ADV
ger-324	196	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	197	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	197	2	1983	1983	NUM
ger-324	197	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	197	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	197	5	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	197	6	commission	commission	PROPN
ger-324	197	7	on	on	ADP
ger-324	197	8	excellence	excellence	PROPN
ger-324	197	9	in	in	ADP
ger-324	197	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	197	11	released	release	VERB
ger-324	197	12	a	a	DET
ger-324	197	13	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-324	197	14	at	at	ADP
ger-324	197	15	risk	risk	NOUN
ger-324	197	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	197	17	documenting	document	VERB
ger-324	197	18	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	197	19	a	a	DET
ger-324	197	20	rising	rise	VERB
ger-324	197	21	tide	tide	NOUN
ger-324	197	22	of	of	ADP
ger-324	197	23	mediocrity	mediocrity	NOUN
ger-324	197	24	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	197	25	in	in	ADP
ger-324	197	26	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	197	27	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	197	28	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	197	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	198	1	a	a	DET
ger-324	198	2	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-324	198	3	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	198	4	writers	writer	NOUN
ger-324	198	5	went	go	VERB
ger-324	198	6	on	on	ADP
ger-324	198	7	to	to	PART
ger-324	198	8	lament	lament	NOUN
ger-324	198	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	198	10	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	198	11	what	what	PRON
ger-324	198	12	was	be	AUX
ger-324	198	13	unimaginable	unimaginable	ADJ
ger-324	198	14	a	a	DET
ger-324	198	15	generation	generation	NOUN
ger-324	198	16	ago	ago	ADV
ger-324	198	17	has	have	AUX
ger-324	198	18	begun	begin	VERB
ger-324	198	19	to	to	PART
ger-324	198	20	occur	occur	VERB
ger-324	198	21	—	—	PUNCT
ger-324	198	22	others	other	NOUN
ger-324	198	23	are	be	AUX
ger-324	198	24	matching	match	VERB
ger-324	198	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	198	26	surpassing	surpass	VERB
ger-324	198	27	our	our	PRON
ger-324	198	28	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	198	29	attainments	attainment	NOUN
ger-324	198	30	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	198	31	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	198	32	para	para	NOUN
ger-324	198	33	1	1	NUM
ger-324	198	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	198	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	199	1	ironically	ironically	ADV
ger-324	199	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	199	3	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	199	4	then	then	ADV
ger-324	199	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	199	6	president	president	PROPN
ger-324	199	7	ronald	ronald	PROPN
ger-324	199	8	reagan	reagan	PROPN
ger-324	199	9	had	have	AUX
ger-324	199	10	hoped	hope	VERB
ger-324	199	11	to	to	PART
ger-324	199	12	abolish	abolish	VERB
ger-324	199	13	the	the	DET
ger-324	199	14	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	199	15	department	department	PROPN
ger-324	199	16	of	of	ADP
ger-324	199	17	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	199	18	during	during	ADP
ger-324	199	19	his	his	PRON
ger-324	199	20	tenure	tenure	NOUN
ger-324	199	21	as	as	ADP
ger-324	199	22	commander	commander	NOUN
ger-324	199	23	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	199	24	in	in	ADP
ger-324	199	25	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	199	26	chief	chief	NOUN
ger-324	199	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	199	28	a	a	DET
ger-324	199	29	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-324	199	30	at	at	ADP
ger-324	199	31	risk	risk	NOUN
ger-324	199	32	only	only	ADV
ger-324	199	33	further	far	ADV
ger-324	199	34	strengthened	strengthen	VERB
ger-324	199	35	the	the	DET
ger-324	199	36	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	199	37	of	of	ADP
ger-324	199	38	the	the	DET
ger-324	199	39	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	199	40	government	government	NOUN
ger-324	199	41	in	in	ADP
ger-324	199	42	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	199	43	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	199	44	guthrie	guthrie	PROPN
ger-324	199	45	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	199	46	springer	springer	PROPN
ger-324	199	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	199	48	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	199	49	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	199	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	200	1	eighteen	eighteen	NUM
ger-324	200	2	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	200	3	after	after	ADP
ger-324	200	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	200	5	publication	publication	NOUN
ger-324	200	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	200	7	a	a	DET
ger-324	200	8	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-324	200	9	at	at	ADP
ger-324	200	10	risk	risk	NOUN
ger-324	200	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	200	12	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	200	13	congress	congress	PROPN
ger-324	200	14	reauthorized	reauthorize	VERB
ger-324	200	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	200	16	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-324	200	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	200	18	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ger-324	200	19	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	200	20	act	act	NOUN
ger-324	200	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	200	22	esea	esea	PROPN
ger-324	200	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	200	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	200	25	also	also	ADV
ger-324	200	26	called	call	VERB
ger-324	200	27	the	the	DET
ger-324	200	28	no	no	DET
ger-324	200	29	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	200	30	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	200	31	behind	behind	ADP
ger-324	200	32	act	act	NOUN
ger-324	200	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	200	34	marking	mark	VERB
ger-324	200	35	the	the	DET
ger-324	200	36	single	single	ADJ
ger-324	200	37	greatest	great	ADJ
ger-324	200	38	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ger-324	200	39	of	of	ADP
ger-324	200	40	the	the	DET
ger-324	200	41	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	200	42	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	200	43	in	in	ADP
ger-324	200	44	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	200	45	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	200	46	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	200	47	the	the	DET
ger-324	200	48	original	original	ADJ
ger-324	200	49	1965	1965	NUM
ger-324	200	50	legislation	legislation	NOUN
ger-324	200	51	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	200	52	cochran	cochran	NOUN
ger-324	200	53	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	200	54	smith	smith	PROPN
ger-324	200	55	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	200	56	lytle	lytle	PROPN
ger-324	200	57	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	200	58	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	200	59	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	200	60	manna	manna	PROPN
ger-324	200	61	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	200	62	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	200	63	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	200	64	mcguinn	mcguinn	NOUN
ger-324	200	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	200	66	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	200	67	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	200	68	meens	meens	PROPN
ger-324	200	69	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	200	70	howe	howe	PROPN
ger-324	200	71	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	200	72	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	200	73	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	200	74	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	201	1	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	201	2	1981	1981	NUM
ger-324	201	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	201	4	when	when	SCONJ
ger-324	201	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	201	6	reagan	reagan	PROPN
ger-324	201	7	administration	administration	PROPN
ger-324	201	8	assumed	assume	VERB
ger-324	201	9	control	control	NOUN
ger-324	201	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	201	11	the	the	DET
ger-324	201	12	white	white	PROPN
ger-324	201	13	house	house	PROPN
ger-324	201	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	201	15	a	a	DET
ger-324	201	16	central	central	ADJ
ger-324	201	17	theme	theme	NOUN
ger-324	201	18	in	in	ADP
ger-324	201	19	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	201	20	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	201	21	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	201	22	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	201	23	has	have	AUX
ger-324	201	24	been	be	AUX
ger-324	201	25	to	to	PART
ger-324	201	26	improve	improve	VERB
ger-324	201	27	k-12	k-12	PROPN
ger-324	201	28	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	201	29	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	201	30	in	in	ADP
ger-324	201	31	order	order	NOUN
ger-324	201	32	to	to	PART
ger-324	201	33	ensure	ensure	VERB
ger-324	201	34	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	201	35	the	the	DET
ger-324	201	36	united	united	PROPN
ger-324	201	37	states	states	PROPN
ger-324	201	38	remains	remain	VERB
ger-324	201	39	intellectually	intellectually	ADV
ger-324	201	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	201	41	technologically	technologically	ADV
ger-324	201	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	201	43	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	201	44	economically	economically	ADV
ger-324	201	45	dominant	dominant	ADJ
ger-324	201	46	across	across	ADP
ger-324	201	47	the	the	DET
ger-324	201	48	globe	globe	NOUN
ger-324	201	49	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	201	50	cochran	cochran	NOUN
ger-324	201	51	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	201	52	smith	smith	PROPN
ger-324	201	53	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	201	54	lytle	lytle	PROPN
ger-324	201	55	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	201	56	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	201	57	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	201	58	cuban	cuban	ADJ
ger-324	201	59	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	201	60	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	201	61	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	201	62	darling	darling	NOUN
ger-324	201	63	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	201	64	hammond	hammond	NOUN
ger-324	201	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	201	66	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	201	67	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	201	68	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	202	1	although	although	SCONJ
ger-324	202	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	202	3	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-324	202	4	reauthorization	reauthorization	NOUN
ger-324	202	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	202	6	esea	esea	PROPN
ger-324	202	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	202	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	202	9	every	every	DET
ger-324	202	10	student	student	NOUN
ger-324	202	11	succeeds	succeed	VERB
ger-324	202	12	act	act	NOUN
ger-324	202	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	202	14	essa	essa	PROPN
ger-324	202	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	202	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	202	17	officially	officially	ADV
ger-324	202	18	supplanted	supplant	VERB
ger-324	202	19	no	no	DET
ger-324	202	20	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	202	21	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	202	22	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	202	23	in	in	ADP
ger-324	202	24	december	december	PROPN
ger-324	202	25	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	202	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	202	27	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	202	28	launched	launch	VERB
ger-324	202	29	a	a	DET
ger-324	202	30	nationwide	nationwide	ADJ
ger-324	202	31	movement	movement	NOUN
ger-324	202	32	to	to	PART
ger-324	202	33	standardize	standardize	VERB
ger-324	202	34	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	202	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	202	36	raise	raise	VERB
ger-324	202	37	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	202	38	levels	level	NOUN
ger-324	202	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	202	40	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	202	41	hold	hold	VERB
ger-324	202	42	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	202	43	accountable	accountable	ADJ
ger-324	202	44	for	for	ADP
ger-324	202	45	student	student	NOUN
ger-324	202	46	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	202	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	202	48	the	the	DET
ger-324	202	49	effects	effect	NOUN
ger-324	202	50	of	of	ADP
ger-324	202	51	which	which	PRON
ger-324	202	52	were	be	AUX
ger-324	202	53	far	far	ADV
ger-324	202	54	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	202	55	reaching	reach	VERB
ger-324	202	56	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	203	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	203	2	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	203	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	203	4	president	president	PROPN
ger-324	203	5	obama	obama	PROPN
ger-324	203	6	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	203	7	race	race	NOUN
ger-324	203	8	to	to	ADP
ger-324	203	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	203	10	top	top	ADJ
ger-324	203	11	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ger-324	203	12	incentivized	incentivize	VERB
ger-324	203	13	states	state	NOUN
ger-324	203	14	to	to	PART
ger-324	203	15	adopt	adopt	VERB
ger-324	203	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	203	17	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	203	18	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	203	19	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	203	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	203	21	described	describe	VERB
ger-324	203	22	by	by	ADP
ger-324	203	23	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	203	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	203	25	maloch	maloch	NOUN
ger-324	203	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	203	27	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	203	28	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	203	29	as	as	ADP
ger-324	203	30	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	203	31	the	the	DET
ger-324	203	32	most	most	ADV
ger-324	203	33	sweeping	sweeping	ADJ
ger-324	203	34	nationalization	nationalization	NOUN
ger-324	203	35	of	of	ADP
ger-324	203	36	the	the	DET
ger-324	203	37	k–12	k–12	PROPN
ger-324	203	38	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	203	39	in	in	ADP
ger-324	203	40	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	203	41	history	history	NOUN
ger-324	203	42	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	203	43	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	203	44	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	203	45	38	38	NUM
ger-324	203	46	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	203	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	204	1	to	to	ADP
ger-324	204	2	date	date	NOUN
ger-324	204	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	204	4	forty	forty	NUM
ger-324	204	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	204	6	two	two	NUM
ger-324	204	7	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	204	8	states	state	NOUN
ger-324	204	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	204	10	84	84	NUM
ger-324	204	11	%	%	NOUN
ger-324	204	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	204	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	204	14	as	as	ADV
ger-324	204	15	well	well	ADV
ger-324	204	16	as	as	ADP
ger-324	204	17	the	the	DET
ger-324	204	18	district	district	NOUN
ger-324	204	19	of	of	ADP
ger-324	204	20	columbia	columbia	PROPN
ger-324	204	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	204	22	four	four	NUM
ger-324	204	23	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	204	24	territories	territory	NOUN
ger-324	204	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	204	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	204	27	the	the	DET
ger-324	204	28	department	department	NOUN
ger-324	204	29	of	of	ADP
ger-324	204	30	defense	defense	PROPN
ger-324	204	31	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	204	32	activity	activity	NOUN
ger-324	204	33	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	204	34	dodea	dodea	NOUN
ger-324	204	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	204	36	have	have	AUX
ger-324	204	37	adopted	adopt	VERB
ger-324	204	38	the	the	DET
ger-324	204	39	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	204	40	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	204	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	205	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	205	2	sum	sum	NOUN
ger-324	205	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	205	4	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	205	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	205	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	205	7	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	205	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	205	9	local	local	ADJ
ger-324	205	10	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-324	205	11	it	it	PRON
ger-324	205	12	has	have	AUX
ger-324	205	13	inspired	inspire	VERB
ger-324	205	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	205	15	have	have	AUX
ger-324	205	16	been	be	AUX
ger-324	205	17	linked	link	VERB
ger-324	205	18	to	to	ADP
ger-324	205	19	a	a	DET
ger-324	205	20	rise	rise	NOUN
ger-324	205	21	in	in	ADP
ger-324	205	22	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ger-324	205	23	political	political	ADJ
ger-324	205	24	discourse	discourse	NOUN
ger-324	205	25	across	across	ADP
ger-324	205	26	the	the	DET
ger-324	205	27	globe	globe	NOUN
ger-324	205	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	205	29	where	where	SCONJ
ger-324	205	30	privatization	privatization	NOUN
ger-324	205	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	205	32	free	free	ADJ
ger-324	205	33	markets	market	NOUN
ger-324	205	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	205	35	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	205	36	competition	competition	NOUN
ger-324	205	37	are	be	AUX
ger-324	205	38	viewed	view	VERB
ger-324	205	39	as	as	ADP
ger-324	205	40	the	the	DET
ger-324	205	41	commonsense	commonsense	ADJ
ger-324	205	42	approach	approach	NOUN
ger-324	205	43	to	to	ADP
ger-324	205	44	curing	cure	VERB
ger-324	205	45	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	205	46	inequities	inequity	NOUN
ger-324	205	47	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	205	48	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ger-324	205	49	global	global	ADJ
ger-324	205	50	dominance	dominance	NOUN
ger-324	205	51	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	205	52	hursh	hursh	ADJ
ger-324	205	53	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	205	54	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	205	55	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	205	56	kerkham	kerkham	PROPN
ger-324	205	57	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	205	58	nixon	nixon	PROPN
ger-324	205	59	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	205	60	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	205	61	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	205	62	lingard	lingard	PROPN
ger-324	205	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	205	64	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	205	65	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	205	66	sleeter	sleeter	NOUN
ger-324	205	67	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	205	68	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	205	69	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	205	70	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	206	1	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	206	2	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	206	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	206	4	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	206	5	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	206	6	have	have	AUX
ger-324	206	7	witnessed	witness	VERB
ger-324	206	8	an	an	DET
ger-324	206	9	influx	influx	NOUN
ger-324	206	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	206	11	reforms	reform	NOUN
ger-324	206	12	intended	intend	VERB
ger-324	206	13	to	to	PART
ger-324	206	14	elevate	elevate	VERB
ger-324	206	15	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	206	16	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	206	17	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	206	18	standing	stand	VERB
ger-324	206	19	in	in	ADP
ger-324	206	20	a	a	DET
ger-324	206	21	global	global	ADJ
ger-324	206	22	economy	economy	NOUN
ger-324	206	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	206	24	the	the	DET
ger-324	206	25	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	206	26	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	206	27	has	have	AUX
ger-324	206	28	not	not	PART
ger-324	206	29	been	be	AUX
ger-324	206	30	immune	immune	ADJ
ger-324	206	31	to	to	ADP
ger-324	206	32	these	these	DET
ger-324	206	33	efforts	effort	NOUN
ger-324	206	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	207	1	today	today	NOUN
ger-324	207	2	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	207	3	kindergartners	kindergartner	NOUN
ger-324	207	4	spend	spend	VERB
ger-324	207	5	far	far	ADV
ger-324	207	6	less	less	ADJ
ger-324	207	7	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	207	8	engaged	engage	VERB
ger-324	207	9	in	in	ADP
ger-324	207	10	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	207	11	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	207	12	based	base	VERB
ger-324	207	13	activities	activity	NOUN
ger-324	207	14	that	that	PRON
ger-324	207	15	were	be	AUX
ger-324	207	16	once	once	ADV
ger-324	207	17	at	at	ADP
ger-324	207	18	the	the	DET
ger-324	207	19	heart	heart	NOUN
ger-324	207	20	of	of	ADP
ger-324	207	21	the	the	DET
ger-324	207	22	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	207	23	experience	experience	NOUN
ger-324	207	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	207	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	207	26	far	far	ADV
ger-324	207	27	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	207	28	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	207	29	receiving	receive	VERB
ger-324	207	30	formal	formal	ADJ
ger-324	207	31	was	be	AUX
ger-324	207	32	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	207	33	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	207	34	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	207	35	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	208	1	61	61	NUM
ger-324	208	2	math	math	NOUN
ger-324	208	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	208	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	208	5	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	208	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	208	7	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	208	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	208	9	latham	latham	PROPN
ger-324	208	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	208	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	208	12	rorem	rorem	PROPN
ger-324	208	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	208	14	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	208	15	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	208	16	bowdon	bowdon	PROPN
ger-324	208	17	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	208	18	desimone	desimone	PROPN
ger-324	208	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	208	20	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	208	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	208	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	209	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	209	2	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	209	3	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	209	4	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ger-324	209	5	have	have	AUX
ger-324	209	6	critiqued	critique	VERB
ger-324	209	7	this	this	DET
ger-324	209	8	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	209	9	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	209	10	shovedown	shovedown	NOUN
ger-324	209	11	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	209	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	209	13	hatch	hatch	NOUN
ger-324	209	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	209	15	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	209	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	209	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	209	18	the	the	DET
ger-324	209	19	global	global	ADJ
ger-324	209	20	education	education	PROPN
ger-324	209	21	reform	reform	NOUN
ger-324	209	22	movement	movement	NOUN
ger-324	209	23	continues	continue	VERB
ger-324	209	24	to	to	PART
ger-324	209	25	inform	inform	VERB
ger-324	209	26	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	209	27	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	209	28	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	209	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	209	30	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	209	31	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	209	32	dahlberg	dahlberg	PROPN
ger-324	209	33	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	209	34	moss	moss	PROPN
ger-324	209	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	209	36	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	209	37	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	209	38	dahlberg	dahlberg	PROPN
ger-324	209	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	209	40	moss	moss	NOUN
ger-324	209	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	209	42	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	209	43	pence	pence	PROPN
ger-324	209	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	209	45	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	209	46	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	209	47	cannella	cannella	NUM
ger-324	209	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	209	49	salazar	salazar	NOUN
ger-324	209	50	pérez	pérez	NOUN
ger-324	209	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	209	52	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	209	53	lee	lee	PROPN
ger-324	209	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	209	55	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	209	56	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	209	57	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	210	1	concerns	concern	NOUN
ger-324	210	2	about	about	ADP
ger-324	210	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	210	4	quality	quality	NOUN
ger-324	210	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	210	6	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	210	7	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	210	8	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	210	9	is	be	AUX
ger-324	210	10	largely	largely	ADV
ger-324	210	11	understood	understand	VERB
ger-324	210	12	in	in	ADP
ger-324	210	13	terms	term	NOUN
ger-324	210	14	of	of	ADP
ger-324	210	15	ensuring	ensure	VERB
ger-324	210	16	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	210	17	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	210	18	future	future	ADJ
ger-324	210	19	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-324	210	20	productivity	productivity	NOUN
ger-324	210	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	210	22	rather	rather	ADV
ger-324	210	23	than	than	ADP
ger-324	210	24	supporting	support	VERB
ger-324	210	25	their	their	PRON
ger-324	210	26	current	current	ADJ
ger-324	210	27	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	210	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	210	29	emotional	emotional	ADJ
ger-324	210	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	210	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	210	32	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	210	33	well	well	ADV
ger-324	210	34	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	210	35	being	being	NOUN
ger-324	210	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	211	1	although	although	SCONJ
ger-324	211	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	211	3	shoving	shoving	NOUN
ger-324	211	4	down	down	ADP
ger-324	211	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	211	6	academics	academic	NOUN
ger-324	211	7	into	into	ADP
ger-324	211	8	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	211	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	211	10	preschool	preschool	ADJ
ger-324	211	11	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	211	12	has	have	AUX
ger-324	211	13	largely	largely	ADV
ger-324	211	14	been	be	AUX
ger-324	211	15	attributed	attribute	VERB
ger-324	211	16	to	to	ADP
ger-324	211	17	the	the	DET
ger-324	211	18	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	211	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	211	20	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	211	21	movement	movement	NOUN
ger-324	211	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	211	23	brown	brown	ADJ
ger-324	211	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	211	25	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	211	26	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	211	27	stipek	stipek	NOUN
ger-324	211	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	211	29	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	211	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	211	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	211	32	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	211	33	the	the	DET
ger-324	211	34	1920s	1920s	NUM
ger-324	211	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	211	36	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	211	37	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	211	38	as	as	ADP
ger-324	211	39	an	an	DET
ger-324	211	40	institution	institution	NOUN
ger-324	211	41	has	have	AUX
ger-324	211	42	struggled	struggle	VERB
ger-324	211	43	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	211	44	…	…	PUNCT
ger-324	211	45	to	to	PART
ger-324	211	46	define	define	VERB
ger-324	211	47	itself	itself	PRON
ger-324	211	48	both	both	PRON
ger-324	211	49	as	as	ADP
ger-324	211	50	part	part	NOUN
ger-324	211	51	of	of	ADP
ger-324	211	52	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	211	53	as	as	ADV
ger-324	211	54	separate	separate	ADJ
ger-324	211	55	from	from	ADP
ger-324	211	56	the	the	DET
ger-324	211	57	primary	primary	ADJ
ger-324	211	58	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-324	211	59	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	211	60	as	as	ADV
ger-324	211	61	related	relate	VERB
ger-324	211	62	to	to	ADP
ger-324	211	63	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	211	64	separate	separate	ADJ
ger-324	211	65	from	from	ADP
ger-324	211	66	other	other	ADJ
ger-324	211	67	forms	form	NOUN
ger-324	211	68	of	of	ADP
ger-324	211	69	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	211	70	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	211	71	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	211	72	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	211	73	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	211	74	dombkowski	dombkowski	PROPN
ger-324	211	75	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	211	76	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	211	77	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	211	78	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	211	79	528	528	NUM
ger-324	211	80	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	211	81	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	211	82	particularly	particularly	ADV
ger-324	211	83	in	in	ADP
ger-324	211	84	terms	term	NOUN
ger-324	211	85	of	of	ADP
ger-324	211	86	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-324	211	87	academics	academic	NOUN
ger-324	211	88	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	211	89	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	211	90	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	211	91	based	base	VERB
ger-324	211	92	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	211	93	should	should	AUX
ger-324	211	94	be	be	AUX
ger-324	211	95	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ger-324	211	96	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	211	97	bryant	bryant	PROPN
ger-324	211	98	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	211	99	clifford	clifford	PROPN
ger-324	211	100	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	211	101	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	211	102	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	211	103	russell	russell	PROPN
ger-324	211	104	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	211	105	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	211	106	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	211	107	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	212	1	even	even	ADV
ger-324	212	2	a	a	DET
ger-324	212	3	cursory	cursory	NOUN
ger-324	212	4	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	212	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	212	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	212	7	history	history	NOUN
ger-324	212	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	212	9	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	212	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	212	11	the	the	DET
ger-324	212	12	united	united	PROPN
ger-324	212	13	states	states	PROPN
ger-324	212	14	would	would	AUX
ger-324	212	15	suggest	suggest	VERB
ger-324	212	16	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	212	17	the	the	DET
ger-324	212	18	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	212	19	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	212	20	as	as	ADP
ger-324	212	21	a	a	DET
ger-324	212	22	site	site	NOUN
ger-324	212	23	of	of	ADP
ger-324	212	24	curricular	curricular	ADJ
ger-324	212	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	212	26	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
ger-324	212	27	controversy	controversy	NOUN
ger-324	212	28	is	be	AUX
ger-324	212	29	nothing	nothing	PRON
ger-324	212	30	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	212	31	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	212	32	bryant	bryant	PROPN
ger-324	212	33	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	212	34	clifford	clifford	PROPN
ger-324	212	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	212	36	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	212	37	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	212	38	dombkowski	dombkowski	PROPN
ger-324	212	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	212	40	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	212	41	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	212	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	212	43	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	212	44	the	the	DET
ger-324	212	45	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	212	46	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	212	47	the	the	DET
ger-324	212	48	passage	passage	NOUN
ger-324	212	49	of	of	ADP
ger-324	212	50	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	212	51	have	have	AUX
ger-324	212	52	certainly	certainly	ADV
ger-324	212	53	been	be	AUX
ger-324	212	54	no	no	DET
ger-324	212	55	exception	exception	NOUN
ger-324	212	56	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	212	57	russell	russell	PROPN
ger-324	212	58	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	212	59	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	212	60	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	212	61	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	213	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
ger-324	213	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	213	3	a	a	DET
ger-324	213	4	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
ger-324	213	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	213	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	213	7	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	213	8	that	that	PRON
ger-324	213	9	explores	explore	VERB
ger-324	213	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	213	11	links	link	NOUN
ger-324	213	12	between	between	ADP
ger-324	213	13	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	213	14	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	213	15	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ger-324	213	16	in	in	ADP
ger-324	213	17	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	213	18	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	213	19	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	213	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	213	21	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-324	213	22	changes	change	NOUN
ger-324	213	23	in	in	ADP
ger-324	213	24	the	the	DET
ger-324	213	25	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-324	213	26	of	of	ADP
ger-324	213	27	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	213	28	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	213	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	213	30	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	213	31	is	be	AUX
ger-324	213	32	needed	need	VERB
ger-324	213	33	in	in	ADP
ger-324	213	34	order	order	NOUN
ger-324	213	35	to	to	PART
ger-324	213	36	reveal	reveal	VERB
ger-324	213	37	whose	whose	DET
ger-324	213	38	interests	interest	NOUN
ger-324	213	39	the	the	DET
ger-324	213	40	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	213	41	has	have	VERB
ger-324	213	42	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	213	43	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	213	44	has	have	AUX
ger-324	213	45	not	not	PART
ger-324	213	46	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	213	47	served	serve	VERB
ger-324	213	48	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	214	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	214	2	work	work	NOUN
ger-324	214	3	is	be	AUX
ger-324	214	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	214	5	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-324	214	6	importance	importance	NOUN
ger-324	214	7	for	for	ADP
ger-324	214	8	those	those	PRON
ger-324	214	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	214	10	us	we	PRON
ger-324	214	11	committed	commit	VERB
ger-324	214	12	to	to	ADP
ger-324	214	13	providing	provide	VERB
ger-324	214	14	more	more	ADV
ger-324	214	15	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-324	214	16	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	214	17	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-324	214	18	for	for	ADP
ger-324	214	19	our	our	PRON
ger-324	214	20	youngest	young	ADJ
ger-324	214	21	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	214	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	215	1	focus	focus	NOUN
ger-324	215	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	215	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	215	4	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	215	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	215	6	spite	spite	NOUN
ger-324	215	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	215	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	215	9	bipartisan	bipartisan	ADJ
ger-324	215	10	congressional	congressional	ADJ
ger-324	215	11	support	support	NOUN
ger-324	215	12	that	that	PRON
ger-324	215	13	led	lead	VERB
ger-324	215	14	to	to	ADP
ger-324	215	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	215	16	adoption	adoption	NOUN
ger-324	215	17	of	of	ADP
ger-324	215	18	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	215	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	215	20	mcguinn	mcguinn	NOUN
ger-324	215	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	215	22	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	215	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	215	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	215	25	the	the	DET
ger-324	215	26	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-324	215	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	215	28	associated	associated	ADJ
ger-324	215	29	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ger-324	215	30	of	of	ADP
ger-324	215	31	the	the	DET
ger-324	215	32	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	215	33	have	have	AUX
ger-324	215	34	been	be	AUX
ger-324	215	35	nothing	nothing	PRON
ger-324	215	36	short	short	ADJ
ger-324	215	37	of	of	ADP
ger-324	215	38	controversial	controversial	ADJ
ger-324	215	39	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	215	40	pennington	pennington	PROPN
ger-324	215	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	215	42	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	215	43	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	215	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	216	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	216	2	a	a	DET
ger-324	216	3	host	host	NOUN
ger-324	216	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	216	5	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ger-324	216	6	have	have	AUX
ger-324	216	7	documented	document	VERB
ger-324	216	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	216	9	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	216	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	216	11	which	which	PRON
ger-324	216	12	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	216	13	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	216	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	216	15	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-324	216	16	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	216	17	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	216	18	has	have	AUX
ger-324	216	19	changed	change	VERB
ger-324	216	20	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	216	21	the	the	DET
ger-324	216	22	adoption	adoption	NOUN
ger-324	216	23	of	of	ADP
ger-324	216	24	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	216	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	216	26	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	216	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	216	28	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	216	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	216	30	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	216	31	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	216	32	dooley	dooley	PROPN
ger-324	216	33	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	216	34	assaf	assaf	PROPN
ger-324	216	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	216	36	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	216	37	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	216	38	dutro	dutro	NOUN
ger-324	216	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	216	40	selland	selland	NOUN
ger-324	216	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	216	42	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	216	43	bien	bien	PROPN
ger-324	216	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	216	45	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	216	46	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	216	47	valli	valli	PROPN
ger-324	216	48	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	216	49	chambliss	chambliss	PROPN
ger-324	216	50	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	216	51	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	216	52	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	216	53	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	216	54	the	the	DET
ger-324	216	55	majority	majority	NOUN
ger-324	216	56	of	of	ADP
ger-324	216	57	the	the	DET
ger-324	216	58	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	216	59	has	have	AUX
ger-324	216	60	not	not	PART
ger-324	216	61	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
ger-324	216	62	focused	focus	VERB
ger-324	216	63	on	on	ADP
ger-324	216	64	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	216	65	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	217	1	this	this	PRON
ger-324	217	2	serves	serve	VERB
ger-324	217	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	217	4	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ger-324	217	5	to	to	ADP
ger-324	217	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	217	7	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	217	8	media	medium	NOUN
ger-324	217	9	attention	attention	NOUN
ger-324	217	10	that	that	PRON
ger-324	217	11	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	217	12	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	217	13	have	have	AUX
ger-324	217	14	received	receive	VERB
ger-324	217	15	in	in	ADP
ger-324	217	16	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-324	217	17	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	217	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	217	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	217	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	217	21	mclaughlin	mclaughlin	PROPN
ger-324	217	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	217	23	carlsson	carlsson	PROPN
ger-324	217	24	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	217	25	paige	paige	PROPN
ger-324	217	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	217	27	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	217	28	levin	levin	PROPN
ger-324	217	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	217	30	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	217	31	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	217	32	moyer	moyer	PROPN
ger-324	217	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	217	34	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	217	35	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	217	36	paul	paul	PROPN
ger-324	217	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	217	38	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	217	39	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	217	40	pondiscio	pondiscio	NOUN
ger-324	217	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	217	42	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	217	43	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	217	44	strauss	strauss	PROPN
ger-324	217	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	217	46	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	217	47	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	217	48	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	218	1	these	these	DET
ger-324	218	2	two	two	NUM
ger-324	218	3	observations	observation	NOUN
ger-324	218	4	sparked	spark	VERB
ger-324	218	5	my	my	PRON
ger-324	218	6	interest	interest	NOUN
ger-324	218	7	in	in	ADP
ger-324	218	8	conducting	conduct	VERB
ger-324	218	9	a	a	DET
ger-324	218	10	more	more	ADV
ger-324	218	11	systematic	systematic	ADJ
ger-324	218	12	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	218	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	218	14	attending	attend	VERB
ger-324	218	15	to	to	ADP
ger-324	218	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	218	17	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	218	18	on	on	ADP
ger-324	218	19	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	218	20	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	218	21	more	more	ADV
ger-324	218	22	generally	generally	ADV
ger-324	218	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	218	24	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	218	25	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	218	26	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	218	27	in	in	ADP
ger-324	218	28	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-324	218	29	after	after	ADP
ger-324	218	30	the	the	DET
ger-324	218	31	onset	onset	NOUN
ger-324	218	32	of	of	ADP
ger-324	218	33	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	218	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	219	1	thirty	thirty	NUM
ger-324	219	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	219	3	seven	seven	NUM
ger-324	219	4	peer	peer	NOUN
ger-324	219	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	219	6	reviewed	review	VERB
ger-324	219	7	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	219	8	articles	article	NOUN
ger-324	219	9	comprised	comprise	VERB
ger-324	219	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	219	11	body	body	NOUN
ger-324	219	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	219	13	my	my	PRON
ger-324	219	14	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	219	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	219	16	which	which	PRON
ger-324	219	17	was	be	AUX
ger-324	219	18	guided	guide	VERB
ger-324	219	19	by	by	ADP
ger-324	219	20	the	the	DET
ger-324	219	21	following	follow	VERB
ger-324	219	22	questions	question	NOUN
ger-324	219	23	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	219	24	1	1	X
ger-324	219	25	.	.	X
ger-324	219	26	what	what	PRON
ger-324	219	27	links	link	NOUN
ger-324	219	28	can	can	AUX
ger-324	219	29	be	be	AUX
ger-324	219	30	made	make	VERB
ger-324	219	31	between	between	ADP
ger-324	219	32	the	the	DET
ger-324	219	33	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	219	34	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	219	35	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	219	36	on	on	ADP
ger-324	219	37	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	219	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	219	39	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	219	40	ignited	ignite	VERB
ger-324	219	41	by	by	ADP
ger-324	219	42	no	no	DET
ger-324	219	43	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	219	44	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	219	45	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	219	46	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	219	47	changes	change	NOUN
ger-324	219	48	in	in	ADP
ger-324	219	49	the	the	DET
ger-324	219	50	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-324	219	51	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	219	52	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	219	53	of	of	ADP
ger-324	219	54	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	219	55	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	219	56	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	220	1	2	2	X
ger-324	220	2	.	.	X
ger-324	220	3	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	220	4	has	have	AUX
ger-324	220	5	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	220	6	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	220	7	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	220	8	in	in	ADP
ger-324	220	9	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-324	220	10	been	be	AUX
ger-324	220	11	impacted	impact	VERB
ger-324	220	12	post	post	NOUN
ger-324	220	13	-	-	NOUN
ger-324	220	14	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	220	15	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	221	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	221	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	221	3	sections	section	NOUN
ger-324	221	4	that	that	PRON
ger-324	221	5	follow	follow	VERB
ger-324	221	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	221	7	i	i	PRON
ger-324	221	8	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
ger-324	221	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	221	10	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	221	11	in	in	ADP
ger-324	221	12	which	which	PRON
ger-324	221	13	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	221	14	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	221	15	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	221	16	on	on	ADP
ger-324	221	17	improving	improve	VERB
ger-324	221	18	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	221	19	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	221	20	at	at	ADP
ger-324	221	21	all	all	DET
ger-324	221	22	costs	cost	NOUN
ger-324	221	23	has	have	AUX
ger-324	221	24	indeed	indeed	ADV
ger-324	221	25	come	come	VERB
ger-324	221	26	at	at	ADP
ger-324	221	27	a	a	DET
ger-324	221	28	cost	cost	NOUN
ger-324	221	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	221	30	especially	especially	ADV
ger-324	221	31	for	for	ADP
ger-324	221	32	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	221	33	from	from	ADP
ger-324	221	34	low	low	ADJ
ger-324	221	35	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	221	36	income	income	NOUN
ger-324	221	37	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-324	221	38	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-324	221	39	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	221	40	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-324	221	41	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-324	221	42	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ger-324	221	43	—	—	PUNCT
ger-324	221	44	two	two	NUM
ger-324	221	45	groups	group	NOUN
ger-324	221	46	of	of	ADP
ger-324	221	47	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	221	48	that	that	PRON
ger-324	221	49	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	221	50	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	221	51	provisions	provision	NOUN
ger-324	221	52	purportedly	purportedly	ADV
ger-324	221	53	aimed	aim	VERB
ger-324	221	54	to	to	PART
ger-324	221	55	help	help	VERB
ger-324	221	56	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	222	1	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-324	222	2	are	be	AUX
ger-324	222	3	organized	organize	VERB
ger-324	222	4	according	accord	VERB
ger-324	222	5	was	be	AUX
ger-324	222	6	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	222	7	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	222	8	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	222	9	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	223	1	62	62	NUM
ger-324	223	2	to	to	PART
ger-324	223	3	three	three	NUM
ger-324	223	4	prominent	prominent	ADJ
ger-324	223	5	themes	theme	NOUN
ger-324	223	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	223	7	1	1	X
ger-324	223	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	223	9	shifting	shift	VERB
ger-324	223	10	conceptions	conception	NOUN
ger-324	223	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	223	12	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	223	13	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	223	14	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	223	15	2	2	X
ger-324	223	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	223	17	the	the	DET
ger-324	223	18	tenuous	tenuous	ADJ
ger-324	223	19	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-324	223	20	between	between	ADP
ger-324	223	21	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	223	22	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	223	23	based	base	VERB
ger-324	223	24	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	223	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	223	26	direct	direct	ADJ
ger-324	223	27	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	223	28	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	223	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	223	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	223	31	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	223	32	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	223	33	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	223	34	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	223	35	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	223	36	3	3	X
ger-324	223	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	223	38	the	the	DET
ger-324	223	39	narrowing	narrowing	NOUN
ger-324	223	40	of	of	ADP
ger-324	223	41	the	the	DET
ger-324	223	42	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	223	43	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	223	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	223	45	with	with	ADP
ger-324	223	46	greater	great	ADJ
ger-324	223	47	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	223	48	placed	place	VERB
ger-324	223	49	on	on	ADP
ger-324	223	50	code	code	NOUN
ger-324	223	51	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	223	52	based	base	VERB
ger-324	223	53	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	223	54	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
ger-324	223	55	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	223	56	i.e.	i.e.	X
ger-324	223	57	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	223	58	decontextualized	decontextualize	VERB
ger-324	223	59	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	223	60	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	223	61	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	223	62	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	224	1	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	224	2	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	224	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	224	4	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	224	5	redshirting	redshirte	VERB
ger-324	224	6	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	224	7	understanding	understand	VERB
ger-324	224	8	conceptualizations	conceptualization	NOUN
ger-324	224	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	224	10	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	224	11	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	224	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	224	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	224	14	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	224	15	they	they	PRON
ger-324	224	16	may	may	AUX
ger-324	224	17	have	have	AUX
ger-324	224	18	shifted	shift	VERB
ger-324	224	19	postnclb	postnclb	NOUN
ger-324	224	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	224	21	is	be	AUX
ger-324	224	22	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	224	23	for	for	ADP
ger-324	224	24	those	those	PRON
ger-324	224	25	of	of	ADP
ger-324	224	26	us	we	PRON
ger-324	224	27	interested	interested	ADJ
ger-324	224	28	in	in	ADP
ger-324	224	29	providing	provide	VERB
ger-324	224	30	more	more	ADV
ger-324	224	31	equitable	equitable	ADJ
ger-324	224	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	224	33	supportive	supportive	ADJ
ger-324	224	34	schooling	schooling	NOUN
ger-324	224	35	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-324	224	36	for	for	ADP
ger-324	224	37	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	224	38	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	224	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	225	1	brown	brown	ADJ
ger-324	225	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	225	3	lan	lan	PROPN
ger-324	225	4	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	225	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	225	6	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	225	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	225	8	meta	meta	ADJ
ger-324	225	9	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	225	10	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
ger-324	225	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	225	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	225	13	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	225	14	conceptions	conception	NOUN
ger-324	225	15	of	of	ADP
ger-324	225	16	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	225	17	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	225	18	prior	prior	ADV
ger-324	225	19	to	to	ADP
ger-324	225	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	225	21	post	post	ADJ
ger-324	225	22	-	-	ADJ
ger-324	225	23	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	225	24	documents	document	NOUN
ger-324	225	25	changes	change	NOUN
ger-324	225	26	in	in	ADP
ger-324	225	27	the	the	DET
ger-324	225	28	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
ger-324	225	29	frames	frame	NOUN
ger-324	225	30	that	that	PRON
ger-324	225	31	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	225	32	historically	historically	ADV
ger-324	225	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	225	34	currently	currently	ADV
ger-324	225	35	have	have	AUX
ger-324	225	36	used	use	VERB
ger-324	225	37	to	to	PART
ger-324	225	38	understand	understand	VERB
ger-324	225	39	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-324	225	40	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	225	41	not	not	PART
ger-324	225	42	a	a	DET
ger-324	225	43	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	225	44	is	be	AUX
ger-324	225	45	socially	socially	ADV
ger-324	225	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	225	47	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	225	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	225	49	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-324	225	50	cognitively	cognitively	ADV
ger-324	225	51	ready	ready	ADJ
ger-324	225	52	for	for	ADP
ger-324	225	53	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	225	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	226	1	prior	prior	ADV
ger-324	226	2	to	to	ADP
ger-324	226	3	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	226	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	226	5	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	226	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	226	7	overwhelmingly	overwhelmingly	ADV
ger-324	226	8	interpreted	interpret	VERB
ger-324	226	9	their	their	PRON
ger-324	226	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	226	11	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	226	12	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	226	13	through	through	ADP
ger-324	226	14	a	a	DET
ger-324	226	15	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	226	16	nativist	nativist	ADJ
ger-324	226	17	lens	len	NOUN
ger-324	226	18	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	226	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	226	20	brown	brown	NOUN
ger-324	226	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	226	22	lan	lan	PROPN
ger-324	226	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	226	24	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	226	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	226	26	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	226	27	6	6	NUM
ger-324	226	28	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	226	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	226	30	whereby	whereby	SCONJ
ger-324	226	31	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	226	32	was	be	AUX
ger-324	226	33	attributed	attribute	VERB
ger-324	226	34	to	to	ADP
ger-324	226	35	something	something	PRON
ger-324	226	36	within	within	ADP
ger-324	226	37	the	the	DET
ger-324	226	38	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	226	39	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	226	40	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	226	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	226	42	meisels	meisel	NOUN
ger-324	226	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	226	44	1999	1999	NUM
ger-324	226	45	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	226	46	kagan	kagan	PROPN
ger-324	226	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	226	48	1990	1990	NUM
ger-324	226	49	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	226	50	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	226	51	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	226	52	did	do	AUX
ger-324	226	53	not	not	PART
ger-324	226	54	depend	depend	VERB
ger-324	226	55	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	226	56	the	the	DET
ger-324	226	57	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	226	58	they	they	PRON
ger-324	226	59	received	receive	VERB
ger-324	226	60	prior	prior	ADV
ger-324	226	61	to	to	ADP
ger-324	226	62	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	226	63	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	227	1	before	before	SCONJ
ger-324	227	2	no	no	DET
ger-324	227	3	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	227	4	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	227	5	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	227	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	227	7	those	those	DET
ger-324	227	8	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	227	9	who	who	PRON
ger-324	227	10	were	be	AUX
ger-324	227	11	identified	identify	VERB
ger-324	227	12	as	as	ADP
ger-324	227	13	not	not	PART
ger-324	227	14	yet	yet	ADV
ger-324	227	15	ready	ready	ADJ
ger-324	227	16	for	for	ADP
ger-324	227	17	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	227	18	typically	typically	ADV
ger-324	227	19	fell	fall	VERB
ger-324	227	20	into	into	ADP
ger-324	227	21	at	at	ADV
ger-324	227	22	least	least	ADJ
ger-324	227	23	one	one	NUM
ger-324	227	24	of	of	ADP
ger-324	227	25	the	the	DET
ger-324	227	26	following	follow	VERB
ger-324	227	27	categories	category	NOUN
ger-324	227	28	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	227	29	physically	physically	ADV
ger-324	227	30	smaller	small	ADJ
ger-324	227	31	than	than	ADP
ger-324	227	32	their	their	PRON
ger-324	227	33	peers	peer	NOUN
ger-324	227	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	227	35	born	bear	VERB
ger-324	227	36	in	in	ADP
ger-324	227	37	the	the	DET
ger-324	227	38	summer	summer	NOUN
ger-324	227	39	months	month	NOUN
ger-324	227	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	227	41	exhibiting	exhibit	VERB
ger-324	227	42	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	227	43	immaturity	immaturity	NOUN
ger-324	227	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	227	45	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-324	227	46	male	male	ADJ
ger-324	227	47	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	227	48	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	227	49	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	227	50	lan	lan	PROPN
ger-324	227	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	227	52	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	227	53	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	227	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	228	1	post	post	ADJ
ger-324	228	2	-	-	NOUN
ger-324	228	3	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	228	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	228	5	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	228	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	228	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	228	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	228	9	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
ger-324	228	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	228	11	have	have	AUX
ger-324	228	12	placed	place	VERB
ger-324	228	13	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	228	14	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
ger-324	228	15	on	on	ADP
ger-324	228	16	their	their	PRON
ger-324	228	17	preschool	preschool	ADJ
ger-324	228	18	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
ger-324	228	19	to	to	PART
ger-324	228	20	prepare	prepare	VERB
ger-324	228	21	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	228	22	for	for	ADP
ger-324	228	23	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	228	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	228	25	i.e.	i.e.	X
ger-324	228	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	228	27	toward	toward	ADP
ger-324	228	28	an	an	DET
ger-324	228	29	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	228	30	empiricist	empiricist	NOUN
ger-324	228	31	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ger-324	228	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	228	33	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	228	34	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	228	35	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	228	36	lan	lan	PROPN
ger-324	228	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	228	38	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	228	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	228	40	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	228	41	6	6	NUM
ger-324	228	42	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	228	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	228	44	interpreting	interpret	VERB
ger-324	228	45	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	228	46	as	as	ADP
ger-324	228	47	a	a	DET
ger-324	228	48	quality	quality	NOUN
ger-324	228	49	that	that	PRON
ger-324	228	50	preschool	preschool	ADJ
ger-324	228	51	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	228	52	should	should	AUX
ger-324	228	53	promote	promote	VERB
ger-324	228	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	229	1	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	229	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	229	3	lan	lan	PROPN
ger-324	229	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	229	5	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	229	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	229	7	attribute	attribute	NOUN
ger-324	229	8	this	this	DET
ger-324	229	9	change	change	NOUN
ger-324	229	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	229	11	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	229	12	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	229	13	is	be	AUX
ger-324	229	14	understood	understand	VERB
ger-324	229	15	to	to	ADP
ger-324	229	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	229	17	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	229	18	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	229	19	stakes	stake	NOUN
ger-324	229	20	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	229	21	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	229	22	based	base	VERB
ger-324	229	23	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	229	24	reforms	reform	NOUN
ger-324	229	25	ignited	ignite	VERB
ger-324	229	26	by	by	ADP
ger-324	229	27	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	229	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	230	1	however	however	ADV
ger-324	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	230	3	both	both	CCONJ
ger-324	230	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	230	5	nativist	nativist	ADJ
ger-324	230	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	230	7	empiricist	empiricist	NOUN
ger-324	230	8	understandings	understanding	NOUN
ger-324	230	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	230	10	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	230	11	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	230	12	discount	discount	NOUN
ger-324	230	13	the	the	DET
ger-324	230	14	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ger-324	230	15	between	between	ADP
ger-324	230	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	230	17	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	230	18	context	context	NOUN
ger-324	230	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	230	20	the	the	DET
ger-324	230	21	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	230	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	230	23	meisels	meisel	NOUN
ger-324	230	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	230	25	1999	1999	NUM
ger-324	230	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	230	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	230	28	a	a	DET
ger-324	230	29	third	third	ADJ
ger-324	230	30	conceptualization	conceptualization	NOUN
ger-324	230	31	of	of	ADP
ger-324	230	32	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	230	33	held	hold	VERB
ger-324	230	34	by	by	ADP
ger-324	230	35	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	230	36	preschool	preschool	ADJ
ger-324	230	37	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	230	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	230	39	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	230	40	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	230	41	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	230	42	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-324	230	43	organizations	organization	NOUN
ger-324	230	44	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	230	45	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	230	46	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	230	47	lan	lan	PROPN
ger-324	230	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	230	49	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	230	50	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	230	51	citing	cite	VERB
ger-324	230	52	rimm	rimm	PROPN
ger-324	230	53	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	230	54	kaufman	kaufman	PROPN
ger-324	230	55	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	230	56	pianta	pianta	PROPN
ger-324	230	57	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	230	58	2000	2000	NUM
ger-324	230	59	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	230	60	shaul	shaul	PROPN
ger-324	230	61	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	230	62	schwartz	schwartz	PROPN
ger-324	230	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	230	64	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	230	65	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	230	66	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	231	1	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	231	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	231	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	231	4	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	231	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	231	6	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
ger-324	231	7	it	it	PRON
ger-324	231	8	inspired	inspire	VERB
ger-324	231	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	231	10	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	231	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	231	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	231	13	white	white	PROPN
ger-324	231	14	house	house	PROPN
ger-324	231	15	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	232	1	[	[	X
ger-324	232	2	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	232	3	]	]	X
ger-324	232	4	good	good	ADJ
ger-324	232	5	start	start	NOUN
ger-324	232	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	232	7	grow	grow	VERB
ger-324	232	8	smart	smart	ADJ
ger-324	232	9	campaign	campaign	NOUN
ger-324	232	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	232	11	place	place	NOUN
ger-324	232	12	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	232	13	onus	onus	NOUN
ger-324	232	14	on	on	ADP
ger-324	232	15	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	232	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	232	17	preschool	preschool	ADJ
ger-324	232	18	providers	provider	NOUN
ger-324	232	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	232	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	232	21	the	the	DET
ger-324	232	22	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	232	23	themselves	themselves	PRON
ger-324	232	24	to	to	PART
ger-324	232	25	make	make	VERB
ger-324	232	26	sure	sure	ADJ
ger-324	232	27	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	232	28	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	232	29	happens	happen	VERB
ger-324	232	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	232	31	discounting	discount	VERB
ger-324	232	32	the	the	DET
ger-324	232	33	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-324	232	34	that	that	PRON
ger-324	232	35	inform	inform	VERB
ger-324	232	36	who	who	PRON
ger-324	232	37	has	have	VERB
ger-324	232	38	access	access	NOUN
ger-324	232	39	to	to	ADP
ger-324	232	40	the	the	DET
ger-324	232	41	kinds	kind	NOUN
ger-324	232	42	of	of	ADP
ger-324	232	43	preschools	preschool	NOUN
ger-324	232	44	that	that	PRON
ger-324	232	45	best	well	ADV
ger-324	232	46	prepare	prepare	VERB
ger-324	232	47	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	232	48	for	for	ADP
ger-324	232	49	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	232	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	233	1	as	as	ADP
ger-324	233	2	such	such	ADJ
ger-324	233	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	233	4	postnclb	postnclb	NOUN
ger-324	233	5	there	there	PRON
ger-324	233	6	seems	seem	VERB
ger-324	233	7	to	to	PART
ger-324	233	8	be	be	AUX
ger-324	233	9	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	233	10	ambiguity	ambiguity	NOUN
ger-324	233	11	among	among	ADP
ger-324	233	12	preschool	preschool	ADJ
ger-324	233	13	providers	provider	NOUN
ger-324	233	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	233	15	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	233	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	233	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	233	18	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	233	19	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	233	20	in	in	ADP
ger-324	233	21	terms	term	NOUN
ger-324	233	22	of	of	ADP
ger-324	233	23	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	233	24	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	233	25	is	be	AUX
ger-324	233	26	understood	understand	VERB
ger-324	233	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	233	28	as	as	ADV
ger-324	233	29	well	well	ADV
ger-324	233	30	as	as	ADP
ger-324	233	31	whose	whose	DET
ger-324	233	32	job	job	NOUN
ger-324	233	33	it	it	PRON
ger-324	233	34	is	be	AUX
ger-324	233	35	to	to	PART
ger-324	233	36	ensure	ensure	VERB
ger-324	233	37	it	it	PRON
ger-324	233	38	is	be	AUX
ger-324	233	39	cultivated	cultivate	VERB
ger-324	233	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	234	1	as	as	SCONJ
ger-324	234	2	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	234	3	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	234	4	stakes	stake	NOUN
ger-324	234	5	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	234	6	reforms	reform	NOUN
ger-324	234	7	ignited	ignite	VERB
ger-324	234	8	by	by	ADP
ger-324	234	9	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	234	10	have	have	AUX
ger-324	234	11	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	234	12	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-324	234	13	for	for	ADP
ger-324	234	14	what	what	PRON
ger-324	234	15	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	234	16	should	should	AUX
ger-324	234	17	know	know	VERB
ger-324	234	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	234	19	be	be	AUX
ger-324	234	20	able	able	ADJ
ger-324	234	21	to	to	PART
ger-324	234	22	do	do	VERB
ger-324	234	23	before	before	ADV
ger-324	234	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	234	25	by	by	ADP
ger-324	234	26	the	the	DET
ger-324	234	27	end	end	NOUN
ger-324	234	28	of	of	ADP
ger-324	234	29	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	234	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	234	31	deming	deming	PROPN
ger-324	234	32	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	234	33	dynarski	dynarski	PROPN
ger-324	234	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	234	35	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	234	36	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	234	37	huang	huang	PROPN
ger-324	234	38	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	234	39	invernizzi	invernizzi	PROPN
ger-324	234	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	234	41	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	234	42	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	234	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	234	44	some	some	DET
ger-324	234	45	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	234	46	are	be	AUX
ger-324	234	47	choosing	choose	VERB
ger-324	234	48	to	to	PART
ger-324	234	49	give	give	VERB
ger-324	234	50	their	their	PRON
ger-324	234	51	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	234	52	an	an	DET
ger-324	234	53	extra	extra	ADJ
ger-324	234	54	year	year	NOUN
ger-324	234	55	of	of	ADP
ger-324	234	56	preschool	preschool	NOUN
ger-324	234	57	instead	instead	ADV
ger-324	234	58	of	of	ADP
ger-324	234	59	sending	send	VERB
ger-324	234	60	them	they	PRON
ger-324	234	61	to	to	ADP
ger-324	234	62	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	234	63	when	when	SCONJ
ger-324	234	64	they	they	PRON
ger-324	234	65	meet	meet	VERB
ger-324	234	66	the	the	DET
ger-324	234	67	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	234	68	requirement	requirement	NOUN
ger-324	234	69	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	234	70	moyer	moyer	PROPN
ger-324	234	71	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	234	72	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	234	73	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	234	74	paul	paul	PROPN
ger-324	234	75	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	234	76	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	234	77	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	234	78	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	235	1	academic	academic	PROPN
ger-324	235	2	redshirting	redshirting	PROPN
ger-324	235	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	235	5	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	235	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	235	7	refraining	refrain	VERB
ger-324	235	8	from	from	ADP
ger-324	235	9	sending	send	VERB
ger-324	235	10	a	a	DET
ger-324	235	11	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	235	12	to	to	PART
ger-324	235	13	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	235	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	235	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	235	16	year	year	NOUN
ger-324	235	17	they	they	PRON
ger-324	235	18	first	first	ADV
ger-324	235	19	meet	meet	VERB
ger-324	235	20	the	the	DET
ger-324	235	21	district	district	NOUN
ger-324	235	22	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	235	23	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	235	24	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	235	25	requirement	requirement	NOUN
ger-324	235	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	235	27	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	235	28	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	235	29	reardon	reardon	PROPN
ger-324	235	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	31	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	235	32	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	235	33	deming	deming	PROPN
ger-324	235	34	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	235	35	dynarski	dynarski	PROPN
ger-324	235	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	37	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	235	38	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	235	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	40	has	have	AUX
ger-324	235	41	been	be	AUX
ger-324	235	42	linked	link	VERB
ger-324	235	43	to	to	ADP
ger-324	235	44	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	235	45	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	235	46	efforts	effort	NOUN
ger-324	235	47	to	to	PART
ger-324	235	48	give	give	VERB
ger-324	235	49	their	their	PRON
ger-324	235	50	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	235	51	a	a	DET
ger-324	235	52	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-324	235	53	advantage	advantage	NOUN
ger-324	235	54	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	235	55	competitive	competitive	ADJ
ger-324	235	56	edge	edge	NOUN
ger-324	235	57	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	58	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	235	59	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	235	60	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
ger-324	235	61	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	235	62	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	235	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	64	what	what	DET
ger-324	235	65	graue	graue	NOUN
ger-324	235	66	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	67	kroeger	kroeger	PROPN
ger-324	235	68	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	69	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	235	70	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	235	71	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	72	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	235	73	called	call	VERB
ger-324	235	74	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	235	75	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	235	76	the	the	DET
ger-324	235	77	gift	gift	NOUN
ger-324	235	78	of	of	ADP
ger-324	235	79	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	235	80	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	235	81	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	235	82	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	236	1	of	of	ADP
ger-324	236	2	course	course	NOUN
ger-324	236	3	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	236	4	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	236	5	abilities	ability	NOUN
ger-324	236	6	to	to	PART
ger-324	236	7	make	make	VERB
ger-324	236	8	this	this	DET
ger-324	236	9	decision	decision	NOUN
ger-324	236	10	depend	depend	VERB
ger-324	236	11	was	be	AUX
ger-324	236	12	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	236	13	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	236	14	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	236	15	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	237	1	63	63	NUM
ger-324	237	2	greatly	greatly	ADV
ger-324	237	3	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	237	4	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-324	237	5	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	237	6	not	not	PART
ger-324	237	7	they	they	PRON
ger-324	237	8	can	can	AUX
ger-324	237	9	afford	afford	VERB
ger-324	237	10	to	to	PART
ger-324	237	11	pay	pay	VERB
ger-324	237	12	for	for	ADP
ger-324	237	13	an	an	DET
ger-324	237	14	additional	additional	ADJ
ger-324	237	15	year	year	NOUN
ger-324	237	16	of	of	ADP
ger-324	237	17	preschool	preschool	NOUN
ger-324	237	18	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	237	19	childcare	childcare	NOUN
ger-324	237	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	237	21	meaning	mean	VERB
ger-324	237	22	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	237	23	redshirting	redshirting	NOUN
ger-324	237	24	is	be	AUX
ger-324	237	25	far	far	ADV
ger-324	237	26	more	more	ADV
ger-324	237	27	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
ger-324	237	28	in	in	ADP
ger-324	237	29	middleand	middleand	NOUN
ger-324	237	30	upper	upper	ADJ
ger-324	237	31	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	237	32	class	class	NOUN
ger-324	237	33	households	household	NOUN
ger-324	237	34	than	than	ADP
ger-324	237	35	in	in	ADP
ger-324	237	36	low	low	ADJ
ger-324	237	37	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	237	38	income	income	NOUN
ger-324	237	39	households	household	NOUN
ger-324	237	40	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	237	41	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	237	42	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	237	43	reardon	reardon	PROPN
ger-324	237	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	237	45	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	237	46	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	237	47	deming	deming	PROPN
ger-324	237	48	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	237	49	dynarski	dynarski	PROPN
ger-324	237	50	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	237	51	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	237	52	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	237	53	dobkin	dobkin	PROPN
ger-324	237	54	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	237	55	ferreira	ferreira	PROPN
ger-324	237	56	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	237	57	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	237	58	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	237	59	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	238	1	acknowledging	acknowledge	VERB
ger-324	238	2	this	this	DET
ger-324	238	3	disparity	disparity	NOUN
ger-324	238	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	238	5	just	just	ADV
ger-324	238	6	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	238	7	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	238	8	is	be	AUX
ger-324	238	9	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	238	10	redshirting	redshirting	PROPN
ger-324	238	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	238	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	238	13	has	have	AUX
ger-324	238	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	238	15	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	238	16	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	238	17	substantially	substantially	ADV
ger-324	238	18	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	238	19	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	238	20	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	239	1	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
ger-324	239	2	not	not	PART
ger-324	239	3	as	as	ADV
ger-324	239	4	much	much	ADJ
ger-324	239	5	as	as	SCONJ
ger-324	239	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	239	7	media	medium	NOUN
ger-324	239	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	239	9	previous	previous	ADJ
ger-324	239	10	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	239	11	has	have	AUX
ger-324	239	12	reported	report	VERB
ger-324	239	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	240	1	based	base	VERB
ger-324	240	2	on	on	ADP
ger-324	240	3	data	datum	NOUN
ger-324	240	4	from	from	ADP
ger-324	240	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	240	6	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	240	7	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	240	8	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	240	9	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ger-324	240	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-324	240	11	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	240	12	birth	birth	NOUN
ger-324	240	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	240	14	ecls	ecls	NOUN
ger-324	240	15	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	240	16	b	b	NOUN
ger-324	240	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	240	18	cohort	cohort	NOUN
ger-324	240	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	240	20	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	240	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	240	22	reardon	reardon	PROPN
ger-324	240	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	240	24	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	240	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	240	26	estimated	estimate	VERB
ger-324	240	27	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	240	28	approximately	approximately	ADV
ger-324	240	29	4	4	NUM
ger-324	240	30	-	-	SYM
ger-324	240	31	5.5	5.5	NUM
ger-324	240	32	%	%	NOUN
ger-324	240	33	of	of	ADP
ger-324	240	34	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	240	35	eligible	eligible	ADJ
ger-324	240	36	to	to	PART
ger-324	240	37	attend	attend	VERB
ger-324	240	38	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	240	39	waited	wait	VERB
ger-324	240	40	a	a	DET
ger-324	240	41	year	year	NOUN
ger-324	240	42	before	before	ADP
ger-324	240	43	enrolling	enrolling	NOUN
ger-324	240	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	241	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	241	2	finding	finding	NOUN
ger-324	241	3	is	be	AUX
ger-324	241	4	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-324	241	5	because	because	SCONJ
ger-324	241	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	241	7	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	241	8	study	study	NOUN
ger-324	241	9	relied	rely	VERB
ger-324	241	10	on	on	ADP
ger-324	241	11	more	more	ADV
ger-324	241	12	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-324	241	13	data	datum	NOUN
ger-324	241	14	than	than	ADP
ger-324	241	15	in	in	ADP
ger-324	241	16	previous	previous	ADJ
ger-324	241	17	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	241	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	241	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	241	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	241	21	frey	frey	PROPN
ger-324	241	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	241	23	2005	2005	NUM
ger-324	241	24	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	241	25	graue	graue	NOUN
ger-324	241	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	241	27	kroeger	kroeger	PROPN
ger-324	241	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	241	29	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	241	30	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	241	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	241	32	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	241	33	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	241	34	lincove	lincove	NOUN
ger-324	241	35	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	241	36	painter	painter	NOUN
ger-324	241	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	241	38	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	241	39	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	241	40	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	241	41	because	because	SCONJ
ger-324	241	42	the	the	DET
ger-324	241	43	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	241	44	within	within	ADP
ger-324	241	45	the	the	DET
ger-324	241	46	ecls	ecls	NOUN
ger-324	241	47	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	241	48	b	b	NOUN
ger-324	241	49	cohort	cohort	NOUN
ger-324	241	50	were	be	AUX
ger-324	241	51	all	all	PRON
ger-324	241	52	born	bear	VERB
ger-324	241	53	after	after	ADP
ger-324	241	54	the	the	DET
ger-324	241	55	adoption	adoption	NOUN
ger-324	241	56	of	of	ADP
ger-324	241	57	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	241	58	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	242	1	surprisingly	surprisingly	ADV
ger-324	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	242	3	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	242	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	242	5	reardon	reardon	PROPN
ger-324	242	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	242	7	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	242	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	242	9	found	find	VERB
ger-324	242	10	no	no	DET
ger-324	242	11	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-324	242	12	to	to	PART
ger-324	242	13	support	support	VERB
ger-324	242	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	242	15	notion	notion	NOUN
ger-324	242	16	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	242	17	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	242	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	242	19	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
ger-324	242	20	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-324	242	21	among	among	ADP
ger-324	242	22	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	242	23	impacted	impact	VERB
ger-324	242	24	parental	parental	ADJ
ger-324	242	25	decisions	decision	NOUN
ger-324	242	26	to	to	PART
ger-324	242	27	delay	delay	VERB
ger-324	242	28	the	the	DET
ger-324	242	29	start	start	NOUN
ger-324	242	30	of	of	ADP
ger-324	242	31	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	242	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	243	1	apart	apart	ADV
ger-324	243	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	243	3	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	243	4	with	with	ADP
ger-324	243	5	low	low	ADJ
ger-324	243	6	birthweights	birthweight	NOUN
ger-324	243	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	243	8	for	for	ADP
ger-324	243	9	whom	whom	PRON
ger-324	243	10	a	a	DET
ger-324	243	11	number	number	NOUN
ger-324	243	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	243	13	other	other	ADJ
ger-324	243	14	health	health	NOUN
ger-324	243	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	243	16	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	243	17	challenges	challenge	NOUN
ger-324	243	18	often	often	ADV
ger-324	243	19	co	co	VERB
ger-324	243	20	-	-	VERB
ger-324	243	21	occur	occur	AUX
ger-324	243	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	243	23	thereby	thereby	ADV
ger-324	243	24	influencing	influence	VERB
ger-324	243	25	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	243	26	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	243	27	decisions	decision	NOUN
ger-324	243	28	to	to	PART
ger-324	243	29	delay	delay	VERB
ger-324	243	30	entry	entry	NOUN
ger-324	243	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	243	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	243	33	no	no	DET
ger-324	243	34	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-324	243	35	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	243	36	predictors	predictor	NOUN
ger-324	243	37	differentiated	differentiate	VERB
ger-324	243	38	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	243	39	who	who	PRON
ger-324	243	40	began	begin	VERB
ger-324	243	41	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	243	42	on	on	ADP
ger-324	243	43	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	243	44	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	243	45	those	those	PRON
ger-324	243	46	who	who	PRON
ger-324	243	47	waited	wait	VERB
ger-324	243	48	a	a	DET
ger-324	243	49	year	year	NOUN
ger-324	243	50	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	243	51	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	243	52	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	243	53	reardon	reardon	PROPN
ger-324	243	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	243	55	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	243	56	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	243	57	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	244	1	however	however	ADV
ger-324	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	244	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	244	4	authors	author	NOUN
ger-324	244	5	did	do	AUX
ger-324	244	6	observe	observe	VERB
ger-324	244	7	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-324	244	8	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-324	244	9	in	in	ADP
ger-324	244	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	244	11	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
ger-324	244	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	244	13	redshirting	redshirting	PROPN
ger-324	244	14	related	relate	VERB
ger-324	244	15	to	to	ADP
ger-324	244	16	race	race	NOUN
ger-324	244	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	244	18	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
ger-324	244	19	status	status	NOUN
ger-324	244	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	244	21	ses	ses	PROPN
ger-324	244	22	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	244	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	244	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	244	25	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-324	244	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	244	27	with	with	ADP
ger-324	244	28	white	white	ADJ
ger-324	244	29	males	male	NOUN
ger-324	244	30	from	from	ADP
ger-324	244	31	higher	high	ADJ
ger-324	244	32	ses	se	NOUN
ger-324	244	33	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ger-324	244	34	most	most	ADV
ger-324	244	35	likely	likely	ADJ
ger-324	244	36	to	to	PART
ger-324	244	37	delay	delay	VERB
ger-324	244	38	the	the	DET
ger-324	244	39	start	start	NOUN
ger-324	244	40	of	of	ADP
ger-324	244	41	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	244	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	245	1	although	although	SCONJ
ger-324	245	2	this	this	DET
ger-324	245	3	finding	finding	NOUN
ger-324	245	4	corroborates	corroborate	VERB
ger-324	245	5	earlier	early	ADJ
ger-324	245	6	studies	study	NOUN
ger-324	245	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	245	8	deming	deming	PROPN
ger-324	245	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	245	10	dynarski	dynarski	PROPN
ger-324	245	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	245	12	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	245	13	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	245	14	stipek	stipek	NOUN
ger-324	245	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	245	16	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	245	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	245	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	245	19	it	it	PRON
ger-324	245	20	contrasts	contrast	VERB
ger-324	245	21	with	with	ADP
ger-324	245	22	lincove	lincove	NOUN
ger-324	245	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	245	24	painter	painter	NOUN
ger-324	245	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	245	26	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	245	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	245	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	245	29	who	who	PRON
ger-324	245	30	found	find	VERB
ger-324	245	31	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	245	32	white	white	ADJ
ger-324	245	33	boys	boy	NOUN
ger-324	245	34	from	from	ADP
ger-324	245	35	lower	low	ADJ
ger-324	245	36	income	income	NOUN
ger-324	245	37	homes	home	NOUN
ger-324	245	38	were	be	AUX
ger-324	245	39	more	more	ADV
ger-324	245	40	likely	likely	ADJ
ger-324	245	41	to	to	PART
ger-324	245	42	be	be	AUX
ger-324	245	43	redshirted	redshirte	VERB
ger-324	245	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	246	1	it	it	PRON
ger-324	246	2	is	be	AUX
ger-324	246	3	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	246	4	to	to	PART
ger-324	246	5	note	note	VERB
ger-324	246	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	246	7	however	however	ADV
ger-324	246	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	246	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	246	10	lincove	lincove	NOUN
ger-324	246	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	246	12	painter	painter	NOUN
ger-324	246	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	246	14	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	246	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	246	16	based	base	VERB
ger-324	246	17	their	their	PRON
ger-324	246	18	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
ger-324	246	19	on	on	ADP
ger-324	246	20	a	a	DET
ger-324	246	21	much	much	ADV
ger-324	246	22	older	old	ADJ
ger-324	246	23	data	datum	NOUN
ger-324	246	24	set	set	VERB
ger-324	246	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	246	26	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	246	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	246	28	the	the	DET
ger-324	246	29	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	246	30	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	246	31	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ger-324	246	32	study	study	NOUN
ger-324	246	33	of	of	ADP
ger-324	246	34	1988	1988	NUM
ger-324	246	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	246	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	247	1	even	even	ADV
ger-324	247	2	though	though	SCONJ
ger-324	247	3	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	247	4	estimates	estimate	NOUN
ger-324	247	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	247	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	247	7	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
ger-324	247	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	247	9	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	247	10	redshirting	redshirting	PROPN
ger-324	247	11	are	be	AUX
ger-324	247	12	low	low	ADJ
ger-324	247	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	247	14	these	these	DET
ger-324	247	15	rates	rate	NOUN
ger-324	247	16	likely	likely	ADV
ger-324	247	17	vary	vary	VERB
ger-324	247	18	substantially	substantially	ADV
ger-324	247	19	at	at	ADP
ger-324	247	20	the	the	DET
ger-324	247	21	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	247	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	247	23	local	local	ADJ
ger-324	247	24	levels	level	NOUN
ger-324	247	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	247	26	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	247	27	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	247	28	reardon	reardon	PROPN
ger-324	247	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	247	30	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	247	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	247	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	248	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
ger-324	248	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	248	3	although	although	SCONJ
ger-324	248	4	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	248	5	funding	funding	NOUN
ger-324	248	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	248	7	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	248	8	has	have	AUX
ger-324	248	9	been	be	AUX
ger-324	248	10	linked	link	VERB
ger-324	248	11	to	to	ADP
ger-324	248	12	positive	positive	ADJ
ger-324	248	13	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	248	14	for	for	ADP
ger-324	248	15	nearly	nearly	ADV
ger-324	248	16	all	all	PRON
ger-324	248	17	subsets	subset	NOUN
ger-324	248	18	of	of	ADP
ger-324	248	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	248	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	248	21	dhuey	dhuey	NOUN
ger-324	248	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	248	23	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	248	24	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	248	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	248	26	some	some	DET
ger-324	248	27	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	248	28	have	have	AUX
ger-324	248	29	found	find	VERB
ger-324	248	30	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	248	31	redshirting	redshirting	NOUN
ger-324	248	32	offers	offer	VERB
ger-324	248	33	little	little	ADJ
ger-324	248	34	to	to	ADP
ger-324	248	35	no	no	DET
ger-324	248	36	long	long	ADJ
ger-324	248	37	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	248	38	term	term	NOUN
ger-324	248	39	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ger-324	248	40	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	248	41	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	248	42	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	248	43	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
ger-324	248	44	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	248	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	248	46	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	248	47	may	may	AUX
ger-324	248	48	in	in	ADP
ger-324	248	49	fact	fact	NOUN
ger-324	248	50	be	be	AUX
ger-324	248	51	more	more	ADV
ger-324	248	52	harmful	harmful	ADJ
ger-324	248	53	than	than	ADP
ger-324	248	54	helpful	helpful	ADJ
ger-324	248	55	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	248	56	deming	deming	PROPN
ger-324	248	57	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	248	58	dynarski	dynarski	PROPN
ger-324	248	59	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	248	60	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	248	61	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	248	62	lincove	lincove	NOUN
ger-324	248	63	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	248	64	painter	painter	NOUN
ger-324	248	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	248	66	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	248	67	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	248	68	stipek	stipek	NOUN
ger-324	248	69	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	248	70	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	248	71	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	248	72	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	249	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	249	2	other	other	ADJ
ger-324	249	3	words	word	NOUN
ger-324	249	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	249	5	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	249	6	increasing	increase	VERB
ger-324	249	7	access	access	NOUN
ger-324	249	8	to	to	ADP
ger-324	249	9	highquality	highquality	NOUN
ger-324	249	10	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	249	11	has	have	AUX
ger-324	249	12	generally	generally	ADV
ger-324	249	13	helped	help	VERB
ger-324	249	14	all	all	DET
ger-324	249	15	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	249	16	in	in	ADP
ger-324	249	17	the	the	DET
ger-324	249	18	short	short	ADJ
ger-324	249	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	249	20	long	long	ADJ
ger-324	249	21	run	run	NOUN
ger-324	249	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	249	23	the	the	DET
ger-324	249	24	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	249	25	of	of	ADP
ger-324	249	26	delaying	delay	VERB
ger-324	249	27	the	the	DET
ger-324	249	28	onset	onset	NOUN
ger-324	249	29	of	of	ADP
ger-324	249	30	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	249	31	has	have	AUX
ger-324	249	32	shown	show	VERB
ger-324	249	33	no	no	DET
ger-324	249	34	definite	definite	ADJ
ger-324	249	35	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ger-324	249	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	250	1	this	this	PRON
ger-324	250	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
ger-324	250	3	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	250	4	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	250	5	localized	localized	ADJ
ger-324	250	6	studies	study	NOUN
ger-324	250	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	250	8	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	250	9	redshirting	redshirting	PROPN
ger-324	250	10	are	be	AUX
ger-324	250	11	needed	need	VERB
ger-324	250	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	250	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
ger-324	250	14	to	to	PART
ger-324	250	15	investigate	investigate	VERB
ger-324	250	16	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	250	17	redshirting	redshirting	NOUN
ger-324	250	18	may	may	AUX
ger-324	250	19	influence	influence	VERB
ger-324	250	20	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ger-324	250	21	of	of	ADP
ger-324	250	22	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	250	23	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	250	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	250	25	as	as	ADV
ger-324	250	26	well	well	ADV
ger-324	250	27	as	as	ADP
ger-324	250	28	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-324	250	29	and/or	and/or	ADV
ger-324	250	30	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	250	31	it	it	PRON
ger-324	250	32	may	may	AUX
ger-324	250	33	contribute	contribute	VERB
ger-324	250	34	to	to	ADP
ger-324	250	35	growing	grow	VERB
ger-324	250	36	inequities	inequity	NOUN
ger-324	250	37	between	between	ADP
ger-324	250	38	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	250	39	from	from	ADP
ger-324	250	40	higherand	higherand	ADV
ger-324	250	41	lower	low	ADJ
ger-324	250	42	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	250	43	income	income	NOUN
ger-324	250	44	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ger-324	250	45	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	251	1	all	all	DET
ger-324	251	2	work	work	NOUN
ger-324	251	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	251	4	no	no	DET
ger-324	251	5	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	251	6	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	252	1	a	a	DET
ger-324	252	2	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	252	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	252	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	252	5	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	252	6	in	in	ADP
ger-324	252	7	the	the	DET
ger-324	252	8	area	area	NOUN
ger-324	252	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	252	10	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	252	11	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	252	12	suggests	suggest	VERB
ger-324	252	13	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	252	14	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	252	15	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	252	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	252	17	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	252	18	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	252	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	252	20	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	252	21	’	’	PART
ger-324	252	22	conceptualizations	conceptualization	NOUN
ger-324	252	23	of	of	ADP
ger-324	252	24	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	252	25	have	have	AUX
ger-324	252	26	shifted	shift	VERB
ger-324	252	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	252	28	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	252	29	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	252	30	lan	lan	PROPN
ger-324	252	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	252	32	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	252	33	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	252	34	deming	deming	PROPN
ger-324	252	35	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	252	36	dynarski	dynarski	PROPN
ger-324	252	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	252	38	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	252	39	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	252	40	huang	huang	PROPN
ger-324	252	41	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	252	42	invernizzi	invernizzi	PROPN
ger-324	252	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	252	44	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	252	45	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	252	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	253	1	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ger-324	253	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	253	3	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	253	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	253	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	253	6	past	past	NOUN
ger-324	253	7	were	be	AUX
ger-324	253	8	tasked	task	VERB
ger-324	253	9	with	with	ADP
ger-324	253	10	bridging	bridge	VERB
ger-324	253	11	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	253	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	253	13	based	base	VERB
ger-324	253	14	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	253	15	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	253	16	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-324	253	17	to	to	ADP
ger-324	253	18	the	the	DET
ger-324	253	19	more	more	ADV
ger-324	253	20	formal	formal	ADJ
ger-324	253	21	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	253	22	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-324	253	23	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	253	24	would	would	AUX
ger-324	253	25	encounter	encounter	VERB
ger-324	253	26	in	in	ADP
ger-324	253	27	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	253	28	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	253	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	253	30	most	most	ADJ
ger-324	253	31	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	253	32	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	253	33	now	now	ADV
ger-324	253	34	expect	expect	VERB
ger-324	253	35	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	253	36	to	to	PART
ger-324	253	37	engage	engage	VERB
ger-324	253	38	with	with	ADP
ger-324	253	39	direct	direct	ADJ
ger-324	253	40	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	253	41	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	253	42	at	at	ADP
ger-324	253	43	the	the	DET
ger-324	253	44	very	very	ADJ
ger-324	253	45	beginning	beginning	NOUN
ger-324	253	46	of	of	ADP
ger-324	253	47	their	their	PRON
ger-324	253	48	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	253	49	year	year	NOUN
ger-324	253	50	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	253	51	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	253	52	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	253	53	russell	russell	PROPN
ger-324	253	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	253	55	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	253	56	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	253	57	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	254	1	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	254	2	has	have	AUX
ger-324	254	3	was	be	AUX
ger-324	254	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	254	5	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	254	6	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	254	7	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	255	1	64	64	NUM
ger-324	255	2	an	an	DET
ger-324	255	3	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	255	4	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	255	5	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	255	6	on	on	ADP
ger-324	255	7	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	255	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	255	9	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	255	10	impacted	impact	VERB
ger-324	255	11	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-324	255	12	for	for	ADP
ger-324	255	13	what	what	PRON
ger-324	255	14	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	255	15	should	should	AUX
ger-324	255	16	be	be	AUX
ger-324	255	17	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	255	18	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	255	19	they	they	PRON
ger-324	255	20	are	be	AUX
ger-324	255	21	in	in	ADP
ger-324	255	22	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	255	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	255	24	as	as	ADV
ger-324	255	25	well	well	ADV
ger-324	255	26	as	as	ADP
ger-324	255	27	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	255	28	they	they	PRON
ger-324	255	29	should	should	AUX
ger-324	255	30	learn	learn	VERB
ger-324	255	31	it	it	PRON
ger-324	255	32	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	256	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	256	2	other	other	ADJ
ger-324	256	3	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	256	4	have	have	AUX
ger-324	256	5	speculated	speculate	VERB
ger-324	256	6	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	256	7	this	this	PRON
ger-324	256	8	might	might	AUX
ger-324	256	9	be	be	AUX
ger-324	256	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	256	11	case	case	NOUN
ger-324	256	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	256	13	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	256	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	256	15	deming	deming	PROPN
ger-324	256	16	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	256	17	dynarski	dynarski	PROPN
ger-324	256	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	256	19	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	256	20	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	256	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	256	22	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-324	256	23	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	256	24	by	by	ADP
ger-324	256	25	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	256	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	256	27	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
ger-324	256	28	has	have	AUX
ger-324	256	29	provided	provide	VERB
ger-324	256	30	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	256	31	clarity	clarity	NOUN
ger-324	256	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	256	33	see	see	VERB
ger-324	256	34	also	also	ADV
ger-324	256	35	bowdon	bowdon	PROPN
ger-324	256	36	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	256	37	desimone	desimone	PROPN
ger-324	256	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	256	39	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	256	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	256	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	257	1	early	early	ADV
ger-324	257	2	in	in	ADP
ger-324	257	3	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	257	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	257	5	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	257	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	257	7	latham	latham	PROPN
ger-324	257	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	257	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	257	10	rorem	rorem	VERB
ger-324	257	11	published	publish	VERB
ger-324	257	12	a	a	DET
ger-324	257	13	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ger-324	257	14	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-324	257	15	of	of	ADP
ger-324	257	16	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	257	17	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	257	18	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	257	19	has	have	AUX
ger-324	257	20	changed	change	VERB
ger-324	257	21	over	over	ADP
ger-324	257	22	a	a	DET
ger-324	257	23	ten	ten	NUM
ger-324	257	24	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	257	25	year	year	NOUN
ger-324	257	26	span	span	NOUN
ger-324	257	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	258	1	drawing	draw	VERB
ger-324	258	2	on	on	ADP
ger-324	258	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	258	4	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	258	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	258	6	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ger-324	258	7	study	study	NOUN
ger-324	258	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	258	9	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	258	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	258	11	ecls	ecls	NOUN
ger-324	258	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	258	13	k	k	NOUN
ger-324	258	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	258	15	data	datum	NOUN
ger-324	258	16	set	set	VERB
ger-324	258	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	258	18	a	a	DET
ger-324	258	19	nationally	nationally	ADV
ger-324	258	20	representative	representative	ADJ
ger-324	258	21	sample	sample	NOUN
ger-324	258	22	of	of	ADP
ger-324	258	23	a	a	DET
ger-324	258	24	cohort	cohort	NOUN
ger-324	258	25	of	of	ADP
ger-324	258	26	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	258	27	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	258	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	258	29	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	258	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	258	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	258	32	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	258	33	followed	follow	VERB
ger-324	258	34	across	across	ADP
ger-324	258	35	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	258	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	258	37	bassok	bassok	VERB
ger-324	258	38	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	258	39	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	258	40	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	258	41	explored	explore	VERB
ger-324	258	42	the	the	DET
ger-324	258	43	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
ger-324	258	44	that	that	PRON
ger-324	258	45	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	258	46	is	be	AUX
ger-324	258	47	the	the	DET
ger-324	258	48	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	258	49	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	258	50	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	258	51	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	259	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	259	2	study	study	NOUN
ger-324	259	3	was	be	AUX
ger-324	259	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	259	5	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	259	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	259	7	its	its	PRON
ger-324	259	8	kind	kind	NOUN
ger-324	259	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	259	10	utilizing	utilize	VERB
ger-324	259	11	ecls	ecls	NOUN
ger-324	259	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	259	13	k	k	NOUN
ger-324	259	14	cohort	cohort	NOUN
ger-324	259	15	data	datum	NOUN
ger-324	259	16	from	from	ADP
ger-324	259	17	1998	1998	NUM
ger-324	259	18	-	-	SYM
ger-324	259	19	1999	1999	NUM
ger-324	259	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	259	21	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	259	22	-	-	SYM
ger-324	259	23	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	259	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	260	1	between	between	ADP
ger-324	260	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	260	3	two	two	NUM
ger-324	260	4	cohorts	cohort	NOUN
ger-324	260	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	260	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	260	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	260	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	260	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	260	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	260	11	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	260	12	noted	note	VERB
ger-324	260	13	an	an	DET
ger-324	260	14	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	260	15	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	260	16	on	on	ADP
ger-324	260	17	direct	direct	ADJ
ger-324	260	18	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	260	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	260	20	skill	skill	NOUN
ger-324	260	21	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
ger-324	260	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	260	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	260	24	the	the	DET
ger-324	260	25	reduction	reduction	NOUN
ger-324	260	26	in	in	ADP
ger-324	260	27	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	260	28	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	260	29	based	base	VERB
ger-324	260	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	260	31	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
ger-324	260	32	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	260	33	models	model	NOUN
ger-324	260	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	260	35	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	260	36	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	260	37	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	260	38	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	260	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	260	40	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	260	41	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	260	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	261	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
ger-324	261	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	261	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	261	4	authors	author	NOUN
ger-324	261	5	found	find	VERB
ger-324	261	6	reason	reason	NOUN
ger-324	261	7	to	to	PART
ger-324	261	8	believe	believe	VERB
ger-324	261	9	that	that	PRON
ger-324	261	10	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	261	11	today	today	NOUN
ger-324	261	12	has	have	VERB
ger-324	261	13	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	261	14	of	of	ADP
ger-324	261	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	261	16	same	same	ADJ
ger-324	261	17	qualities	quality	NOUN
ger-324	261	18	as	as	ADP
ger-324	261	19	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	261	20	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-324	261	21	of	of	ADP
ger-324	261	22	the	the	DET
ger-324	261	23	past	past	NOUN
ger-324	261	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	262	1	bassok	bassok	PROPN
ger-324	262	2	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	262	3	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	262	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	262	5	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	262	6	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-324	262	7	support	support	VERB
ger-324	262	8	those	those	PRON
ger-324	262	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	262	10	earlier	early	ADJ
ger-324	262	11	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	262	12	who	who	PRON
ger-324	262	13	have	have	AUX
ger-324	262	14	observed	observe	VERB
ger-324	262	15	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	262	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	262	17	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	262	18	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-324	262	19	for	for	ADP
ger-324	262	20	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	262	21	kindergarteners	kindergartener	NOUN
ger-324	262	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	262	23	particularly	particularly	ADV
ger-324	262	24	in	in	ADP
ger-324	262	25	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	262	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	262	27	have	have	AUX
ger-324	262	28	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	262	29	in	in	ADP
ger-324	262	30	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-324	262	31	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	262	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	262	33	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	262	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	262	35	miller	miller	PROPN
ger-324	262	36	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	262	37	almon	almon	PROPN
ger-324	262	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	262	39	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	262	40	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	262	41	parker	parker	PROPN
ger-324	262	42	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	262	43	neuharth	neuharth	PROPN
ger-324	262	44	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	262	45	pritchett	pritchett	PROPN
ger-324	262	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	262	47	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	262	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	262	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	263	1	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ger-324	263	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	263	3	was	be	AUX
ger-324	263	4	once	once	ADV
ger-324	263	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	263	6	place	place	NOUN
ger-324	263	7	where	where	SCONJ
ger-324	263	8	us	we	PRON
ger-324	263	9	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	263	10	were	be	AUX
ger-324	263	11	taught	teach	VERB
ger-324	263	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	263	13	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN
ger-324	263	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	263	15	lettersound	lettersound	ADJ
ger-324	263	16	correspondence	correspondence	NOUN
ger-324	263	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	263	18	now	now	ADV
ger-324	263	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	263	20	at	at	ADP
ger-324	263	21	the	the	DET
ger-324	263	22	very	very	ADV
ger-324	263	23	least	least	ADJ
ger-324	263	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	263	25	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	263	26	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	263	27	are	be	AUX
ger-324	263	28	expected	expect	VERB
ger-324	263	29	to	to	PART
ger-324	263	30	send	send	VERB
ger-324	263	31	their	their	PRON
ger-324	263	32	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	263	33	to	to	ADP
ger-324	263	34	the	the	DET
ger-324	263	35	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	263	36	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	263	37	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	263	38	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-324	263	39	texts	text	NOUN
ger-324	263	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	264	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	264	2	bassok	bassok	VERB
ger-324	264	3	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	264	4	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	264	5	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	264	6	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	264	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	264	8	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	264	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	264	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-324	264	11	provides	provide	VERB
ger-324	264	12	convincing	convincing	ADJ
ger-324	264	13	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-324	264	14	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	264	15	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	264	16	content	content	NOUN
ger-324	264	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	264	18	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
ger-324	264	19	has	have	AUX
ger-324	264	20	indeed	indeed	ADV
ger-324	264	21	been	be	AUX
ger-324	264	22	influenced	influence	VERB
ger-324	264	23	by	by	ADP
ger-324	264	24	nclb	nclb	PROPN
ger-324	264	25	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	264	26	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	264	27	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	264	28	on	on	ADP
ger-324	264	29	standardization	standardization	NOUN
ger-324	264	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	264	31	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	264	32	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	264	33	stakes	stake	NOUN
ger-324	264	34	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	264	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	264	36	debates	debate	NOUN
ger-324	264	37	regarding	regard	VERB
ger-324	264	38	the	the	DET
ger-324	264	39	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	264	40	of	of	ADP
ger-324	264	41	formal	formal	ADJ
ger-324	264	42	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	264	43	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	264	44	in	in	ADP
ger-324	264	45	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	264	46	arose	arise	VERB
ger-324	264	47	long	long	ADV
ger-324	264	48	before	before	SCONJ
ger-324	264	49	no	no	DET
ger-324	264	50	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	264	51	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	264	52	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	264	53	was	be	AUX
ger-324	264	54	signed	sign	VERB
ger-324	264	55	into	into	ADP
ger-324	264	56	law	law	NOUN
ger-324	264	57	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	265	1	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	265	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	265	3	1980	1980	NUM
ger-324	265	4	’s	’s	NOUN
ger-324	265	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	265	6	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	265	7	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	265	8	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	265	9	have	have	AUX
ger-324	265	10	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
ger-324	265	11	advocated	advocate	VERB
ger-324	265	12	for	for	ADP
ger-324	265	13	the	the	DET
ger-324	265	14	use	use	NOUN
ger-324	265	15	of	of	ADP
ger-324	265	16	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	265	17	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	265	18	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	265	19	within	within	ADP
ger-324	265	20	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	265	21	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	265	22	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	265	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	265	24	i.e.	i.e.	X
ger-324	265	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	265	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	265	27	for	for	ADP
ger-324	265	28	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	265	29	ages	age	NOUN
ger-324	265	30	eight	eight	NUM
ger-324	265	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	265	32	younger	young	ADJ
ger-324	265	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	265	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	265	35	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
ger-324	265	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	265	37	bredekamp	bredekamp	NOUN
ger-324	265	38	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	265	39	copple	copple	NOUN
ger-324	265	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	265	41	1997	1997	NUM
ger-324	265	42	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	265	43	copple	copple	NOUN
ger-324	265	44	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	265	45	bredekamp	bredekamp	PROPN
ger-324	265	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	265	47	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	265	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	265	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	266	1	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	266	2	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	266	3	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	266	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	266	5	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	266	6	dap	dap	PROPN
ger-324	266	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	266	8	has	have	AUX
ger-324	266	9	been	be	AUX
ger-324	266	10	defined	define	VERB
ger-324	266	11	as	as	ADP
ger-324	266	12	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	266	13	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-324	266	14	decisions	decision	NOUN
ger-324	266	15	that	that	PRON
ger-324	266	16	vary	vary	VERB
ger-324	266	17	with	with	ADP
ger-324	266	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	266	19	adapt	adapt	VERB
ger-324	266	20	to	to	ADP
ger-324	266	21	the	the	DET
ger-324	266	22	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	266	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	266	24	experience	experience	NOUN
ger-324	266	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	266	26	interests	interest	NOUN
ger-324	266	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	266	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	266	29	abilities	ability	NOUN
ger-324	266	30	of	of	ADP
ger-324	266	31	individual	individual	ADJ
ger-324	266	32	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	266	33	within	within	ADP
ger-324	266	34	a	a	DET
ger-324	266	35	given	give	VERB
ger-324	266	36	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	266	37	range	range	NOUN
ger-324	266	38	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	266	39	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	266	40	copple	copple	NOUN
ger-324	266	41	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	266	42	bredekamp	bredekamp	PROPN
ger-324	266	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	266	44	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	266	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	266	46	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	266	47	7	7	NUM
ger-324	266	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	266	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	267	1	proponents	proponent	NOUN
ger-324	267	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	267	3	dap	dap	PROPN
ger-324	267	4	stress	stress	NOUN
ger-324	267	5	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	267	6	deciding	decide	VERB
ger-324	267	7	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-324	267	8	an	an	DET
ger-324	267	9	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-324	267	10	move	move	NOUN
ger-324	267	11	is	be	AUX
ger-324	267	12	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	267	13	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	267	14	depends	depend	VERB
ger-324	267	15	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	267	16	knowing	know	VERB
ger-324	267	17	the	the	DET
ger-324	267	18	student	student	NOUN
ger-324	267	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	267	20	not	not	PART
ger-324	267	21	a	a	DET
ger-324	267	22	standard	standard	NOUN
ger-324	267	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	267	24	bredekamp	bredekamp	NOUN
ger-324	267	25	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	267	26	copple	copple	NOUN
ger-324	267	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	267	28	1997	1997	NUM
ger-324	267	29	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	267	30	miller	miller	PROPN
ger-324	267	31	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	267	32	almon	almon	PROPN
ger-324	267	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	267	34	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	267	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	267	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	268	1	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	268	2	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	268	3	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	268	4	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	268	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	268	6	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	268	7	have	have	AUX
ger-324	268	8	argued	argue	VERB
ger-324	268	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	268	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	268	11	majority	majority	NOUN
ger-324	268	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	268	13	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	268	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	268	15	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	268	16	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	268	17	written	write	VERB
ger-324	268	18	in	in	ADP
ger-324	268	19	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-324	268	20	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	268	21	have	have	AUX
ger-324	268	22	not	not	PART
ger-324	268	23	been	be	AUX
ger-324	268	24	created	create	VERB
ger-324	268	25	with	with	ADP
ger-324	268	26	the	the	DET
ger-324	268	27	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	268	28	needs	need	NOUN
ger-324	268	29	of	of	ADP
ger-324	268	30	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	268	31	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	268	32	in	in	ADP
ger-324	268	33	mind	mind	NOUN
ger-324	268	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	268	35	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	268	36	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	268	37	maloch	maloch	PROPN
ger-324	268	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	268	39	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	268	40	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	268	41	goldstein	goldstein	PROPN
ger-324	268	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	268	43	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	268	44	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	268	45	hatch	hatch	NOUN
ger-324	268	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	268	47	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	268	48	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	268	49	mclaughlin	mclaughlin	PROPN
ger-324	268	50	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	268	51	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	268	52	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	268	53	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	268	54	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	268	55	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	268	56	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	269	1	hatch	hatch	NOUN
ger-324	269	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	269	3	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	269	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	269	5	referred	refer	VERB
ger-324	269	6	to	to	ADP
ger-324	269	7	the	the	DET
ger-324	269	8	adoption	adoption	NOUN
ger-324	269	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	269	10	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ger-324	269	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	269	12	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	269	13	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	269	14	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	269	15	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	269	16	as	as	ADP
ger-324	269	17	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	269	18	shovedown	shovedown	NOUN
ger-324	269	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	269	20	noting	note	VERB
ger-324	269	21	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	269	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	269	23	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	269	24	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	269	25	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	269	26	based	base	VERB
ger-324	269	27	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-324	269	28	represent	represent	VERB
ger-324	269	29	backward	backward	ADJ
ger-324	269	30	movement	movement	NOUN
ger-324	269	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	269	32	designed	design	VERB
ger-324	269	33	to	to	PART
ger-324	269	34	force	force	VERB
ger-324	269	35	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	269	36	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	269	37	programs	program	NOUN
ger-324	269	38	into	into	ADP
ger-324	269	39	molds	mold	NOUN
ger-324	269	40	that	that	PRON
ger-324	269	41	do	do	AUX
ger-324	269	42	n't	not	PART
ger-324	269	43	work	work	VERB
ger-324	269	44	with	with	ADP
ger-324	269	45	older	old	ADJ
ger-324	269	46	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	269	47	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	269	48	are	be	AUX
ger-324	269	49	downright	downright	ADV
ger-324	269	50	harmful	harmful	ADJ
ger-324	269	51	for	for	ADP
ger-324	269	52	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	269	53	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	269	54	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	269	55	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	269	56	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	269	57	462	462	NUM
ger-324	269	58	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	269	59	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	270	1	are	be	AUX
ger-324	270	2	higher	high	ADJ
ger-324	270	3	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	270	4	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-324	270	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	270	6	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	270	7	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	270	8	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	270	9	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
ger-324	270	10	at	at	ADP
ger-324	270	11	odds	odd	NOUN
ger-324	270	12	with	with	ADP
ger-324	270	13	each	each	DET
ger-324	270	14	other	other	ADJ
ger-324	270	15	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	271	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	271	2	some	some	PRON
ger-324	271	3	would	would	AUX
ger-324	271	4	argue	argue	VERB
ger-324	271	5	this	this	PRON
ger-324	271	6	is	be	AUX
ger-324	271	7	a	a	DET
ger-324	271	8	false	false	ADJ
ger-324	271	9	dichotomy	dichotomy	NOUN
ger-324	271	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	271	11	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	271	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	271	13	parker	parker	PROPN
ger-324	271	14	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	271	15	neuharth	neuharth	PROPN
ger-324	271	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	271	17	pritchett	pritchett	PROPN
ger-324	271	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	271	19	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	271	20	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	271	21	riley	riley	PROPN
ger-324	271	22	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	271	23	jones	jones	PROPN
ger-324	271	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	271	25	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	271	26	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	271	27	snow	snow	NOUN
ger-324	271	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	271	29	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	271	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	271	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	271	32	others	other	NOUN
ger-324	271	33	would	would	AUX
ger-324	271	34	claim	claim	VERB
ger-324	271	35	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	271	36	meeting	meet	VERB
ger-324	271	37	the	the	DET
ger-324	271	38	demands	demand	NOUN
ger-324	271	39	of	of	ADP
ger-324	271	40	the	the	DET
ger-324	271	41	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	271	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	271	43	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	271	44	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
ger-324	271	45	offering	offer	VERB
ger-324	271	46	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	271	47	at	at	ADP
ger-324	271	48	a	a	DET
ger-324	271	49	level	level	NOUN
ger-324	271	50	that	that	PRON
ger-324	271	51	meets	meet	VERB
ger-324	271	52	the	the	DET
ger-324	271	53	needs	need	NOUN
ger-324	271	54	of	of	ADP
ger-324	271	55	the	the	DET
ger-324	271	56	whole	whole	ADJ
ger-324	271	57	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	271	58	is	be	AUX
ger-324	271	59	incredibly	incredibly	ADV
ger-324	271	60	challenging	challenging	ADJ
ger-324	271	61	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	271	62	e.g.	e.g.	ADJ
ger-324	271	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	271	64	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	271	65	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	271	66	maloch	maloch	PROPN
ger-324	271	67	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	271	68	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	271	69	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	271	70	goldstein	goldstein	PROPN
ger-324	271	71	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	271	72	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	271	73	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	271	74	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	272	1	for	for	ADP
ger-324	272	2	example	example	NOUN
ger-324	272	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	272	4	goldstein	goldstein	PROPN
ger-324	272	5	was	be	AUX
ger-324	272	6	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	272	7	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	272	8	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	272	9	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	273	1	65	65	NUM
ger-324	273	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	273	3	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	273	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	273	5	directly	directly	ADV
ger-324	273	6	connected	connect	VERB
ger-324	273	7	the	the	DET
ger-324	273	8	changing	change	VERB
ger-324	273	9	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	273	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	273	11	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	273	12	to	to	ADP
ger-324	273	13	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	273	14	nclb	nclb	VERB
ger-324	273	15	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	273	16	transformation	transformation	NOUN
ger-324	273	17	of	of	ADP
ger-324	273	18	the	the	DET
ger-324	273	19	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	273	20	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	273	21	climate	climate	NOUN
ger-324	273	22	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	273	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	273	24	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	273	25	449	449	NUM
ger-324	273	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	273	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	273	28	with	with	ADP
ger-324	273	29	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	273	30	now	now	ADV
ger-324	273	31	representing	represent	VERB
ger-324	273	32	the	the	DET
ger-324	273	33	starting	starting	NOUN
ger-324	273	34	point	point	NOUN
ger-324	273	35	of	of	ADP
ger-324	273	36	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	273	37	a	a	DET
ger-324	273	38	progressing	progressing	NOUN
ger-324	273	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	273	40	expanding	expand	VERB
ger-324	273	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	273	42	non	non	ADJ
ger-324	273	43	-	-	ADJ
ger-324	273	44	repeating	repeating	ADJ
ger-324	273	45	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	273	46	of	of	ADP
ger-324	273	47	increasing	increase	VERB
ger-324	273	48	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ger-324	273	49	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	273	50	depth	depth	NOUN
ger-324	273	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	273	52	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	273	53	breadth	breadth	NOUN
ger-324	273	54	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	273	55	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	273	56	citing	cite	VERB
ger-324	273	57	ardovino	ardovino	NOUN
ger-324	273	58	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	273	59	hollingsworth	hollingsworth	NOUN
ger-324	273	60	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	273	61	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	273	62	ybarra	ybarra	PROPN
ger-324	273	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	273	64	2000	2000	NUM
ger-324	273	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	273	66	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	273	67	91	91	NUM
ger-324	273	68	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	273	69	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	274	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ger-324	274	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	274	3	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	274	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	274	5	maloch	maloch	NOUN
ger-324	274	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	274	7	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	274	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	274	9	have	have	AUX
ger-324	274	10	stated	state	VERB
ger-324	274	11	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	274	12	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	274	13	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	274	14	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	274	15	apparatus	apparatus	NOUN
ger-324	274	16	of	of	ADP
ger-324	274	17	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	274	18	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	274	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	274	20	i.e.	i.e.	X
ger-324	274	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	274	22	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	274	23	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	274	24	stakes	stake	NOUN
ger-324	274	25	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	274	26	beginning	begin	VERB
ger-324	274	27	as	as	ADV
ger-324	274	28	early	early	ADV
ger-324	274	29	as	as	ADP
ger-324	274	30	preschool	preschool	ADJ
ger-324	274	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	274	32	has	have	AUX
ger-324	274	33	pushed	push	VERB
ger-324	274	34	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	274	35	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	274	36	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	274	37	to	to	PART
ger-324	274	38	instruct	instruct	VERB
ger-324	274	39	in	in	ADP
ger-324	274	40	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	274	41	that	that	PRON
ger-324	274	42	have	have	VERB
ger-324	274	43	nothing	nothing	PRON
ger-324	274	44	to	to	PART
ger-324	274	45	do	do	VERB
ger-324	274	46	with	with	ADP
ger-324	274	47	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	274	48	the	the	DET
ger-324	274	49	present	present	ADJ
ger-324	274	50	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	274	51	in	in	ADP
ger-324	274	52	which	which	PRON
ger-324	274	53	the	the	DET
ger-324	274	54	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	274	55	engages	engage	VERB
ger-324	274	56	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	274	57	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	274	58	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	274	59	40	40	NUM
ger-324	274	60	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	274	61	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	275	1	it	it	PRON
ger-324	275	2	is	be	AUX
ger-324	275	3	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	275	4	to	to	PART
ger-324	275	5	point	point	VERB
ger-324	275	6	out	out	ADP
ger-324	275	7	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	275	8	opposing	oppose	VERB
ger-324	275	9	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	275	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	275	11	based	base	VERB
ger-324	275	12	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	275	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	275	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	275	15	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	275	16	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-324	275	17	does	do	AUX
ger-324	275	18	not	not	PART
ger-324	275	19	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ger-324	275	20	reflect	reflect	VERB
ger-324	275	21	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	275	22	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	275	23	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	275	24	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	275	25	resistance	resistance	NOUN
ger-324	275	26	to	to	ADP
ger-324	275	27	having	have	VERB
ger-324	275	28	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	275	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	276	1	according	accord	VERB
ger-324	276	2	to	to	ADP
ger-324	276	3	hyson	hyson	PROPN
ger-324	276	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	276	5	2003	2003	NUM
ger-324	276	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	276	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	276	8	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	276	9	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	276	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	276	11	has	have	AUX
ger-324	276	12	long	long	ADV
ger-324	276	13	called	call	VERB
ger-324	276	14	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	276	15	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	276	16	to	to	PART
ger-324	276	17	uphold	uphold	VERB
ger-324	276	18	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-324	276	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	276	20	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	276	21	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	276	22	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	276	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	277	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	277	2	objection	objection	NOUN
ger-324	277	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	277	4	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	277	5	proponents	proponent	NOUN
ger-324	277	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	277	7	dap	dap	PROPN
ger-324	277	8	is	be	AUX
ger-324	277	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	277	10	most	most	ADV
ger-324	277	11	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	277	12	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	277	13	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	277	14	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	277	15	do	do	AUX
ger-324	277	16	not	not	PART
ger-324	277	17	reflect	reflect	VERB
ger-324	277	18	the	the	DET
ger-324	277	19	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	277	20	in	in	ADP
ger-324	277	21	which	which	PRON
ger-324	277	22	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	277	23	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	277	24	learn	learn	VERB
ger-324	277	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	277	26	develop	develop	VERB
ger-324	277	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	278	1	as	as	ADP
ger-324	278	2	such	such	ADJ
ger-324	278	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	278	4	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	278	5	these	these	DET
ger-324	278	6	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	278	7	have	have	VERB
ger-324	278	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	278	9	potential	potential	NOUN
ger-324	278	10	to	to	PART
ger-324	278	11	pose	pose	VERB
ger-324	278	12	‘	'	PUNCT
ger-324	278	13	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	278	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	278	15	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	278	16	risks	risk	NOUN
ger-324	278	17	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	278	18	for	for	ADP
ger-324	278	19	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	278	20	learners	learner	NOUN
ger-324	278	21	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	278	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	278	23	goldstein	goldstein	NOUN
ger-324	278	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	278	25	2007b	2007b	NUM
ger-324	278	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	278	27	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	278	28	381	381	NUM
ger-324	278	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	278	30	citing	cite	VERB
ger-324	278	31	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	278	32	association	association	NOUN
ger-324	278	33	for	for	ADP
ger-324	278	34	the	the	DET
ger-324	278	35	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	278	36	of	of	ADP
ger-324	278	37	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	278	38	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	278	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	278	40	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	278	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	278	42	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	278	43	2	2	NUM
ger-324	278	44	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	278	45	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	279	1	reflecting	reflect	VERB
ger-324	279	2	on	on	ADP
ger-324	279	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	279	4	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	279	5	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	279	6	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	279	7	[	[	X
ger-324	279	8	ccs	ccs	X
ger-324	279	9	]	]	X
ger-324	279	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	279	11	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-324	279	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	279	13	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	279	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	279	15	maloch	maloch	NOUN
ger-324	279	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	279	17	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	279	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	279	19	have	have	AUX
ger-324	279	20	asserted	assert	VERB
ger-324	279	21	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	279	22	there	there	PRON
ger-324	279	23	are	be	VERB
ger-324	279	24	probably	probably	ADV
ger-324	279	25	few	few	ADJ
ger-324	279	26	primary	primary	ADJ
ger-324	279	27	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	279	28	who	who	PRON
ger-324	279	29	think	think	VERB
ger-324	279	30	of	of	ADP
ger-324	279	31	themselves	themselves	PRON
ger-324	279	32	as	as	ADP
ger-324	279	33	directly	directly	ADV
ger-324	279	34	preparing	prepare	VERB
ger-324	279	35	their	their	PRON
ger-324	279	36	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	279	37	for	for	ADP
ger-324	279	38	college	college	NOUN
ger-324	279	39	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	279	40	career	career	NOUN
ger-324	279	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	280	1	most	most	ADV
ger-324	280	2	likely	likely	ADV
ger-324	280	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	280	4	they	they	PRON
ger-324	280	5	believe	believe	VERB
ger-324	280	6	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	280	7	supporting	support	VERB
ger-324	280	8	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	280	9	in	in	ADP
ger-324	280	10	their	their	PRON
ger-324	280	11	curiosity	curiosity	NOUN
ger-324	280	12	about	about	ADP
ger-324	280	13	their	their	PRON
ger-324	280	14	world	world	NOUN
ger-324	280	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	280	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	280	17	people	people	NOUN
ger-324	280	18	around	around	ADP
ger-324	280	19	them	they	PRON
ger-324	280	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	280	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	280	22	the	the	DET
ger-324	280	23	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	280	24	in	in	ADP
ger-324	280	25	which	which	PRON
ger-324	280	26	they	they	PRON
ger-324	280	27	are	be	AUX
ger-324	280	28	continually	continually	ADV
ger-324	280	29	bathed	bathe	VERB
ger-324	280	30	is	be	AUX
ger-324	280	31	a	a	DET
ger-324	280	32	good	good	ADJ
ger-324	280	33	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-324	280	34	for	for	ADP
ger-324	280	35	later	later	ADJ
ger-324	280	36	schooling	schooling	NOUN
ger-324	280	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	280	38	college	college	NOUN
ger-324	280	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	280	40	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	280	41	career	career	NOUN
ger-324	280	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	280	43	not	not	PART
ger-324	280	44	to	to	PART
ger-324	280	45	mention	mention	VERB
ger-324	280	46	for	for	ADP
ger-324	280	47	life	life	NOUN
ger-324	280	48	more	more	ADV
ger-324	280	49	generally	generally	ADV
ger-324	280	50	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	280	51	everything	everything	PRON
ger-324	280	52	that	that	PRON
ger-324	280	53	’s	’	VERB
ger-324	280	54	in	in	ADP
ger-324	280	55	it	it	PRON
ger-324	280	56	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	281	1	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	281	2	that	that	PRON
ger-324	281	3	’s	’	VERB
ger-324	281	4	not	not	PART
ger-324	281	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	281	6	theory	theory	NOUN
ger-324	281	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	281	8	growth	growth	NOUN
ger-324	281	9	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	281	10	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	281	11	that	that	PRON
ger-324	281	12	is	be	AUX
ger-324	281	13	encoded	encode	VERB
ger-324	281	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	281	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	281	16	ccs	ccs	PROPN
ger-324	281	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	282	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	282	2	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-324	282	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	283	1	39	39	NUM
ger-324	283	2	-	-	SYM
ger-324	283	3	40	40	NUM
ger-324	283	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	283	5	as	as	ADP
ger-324	283	6	stipek	stipek	NOUN
ger-324	283	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	283	8	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	283	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	283	10	cautioned	caution	VERB
ger-324	283	11	over	over	ADP
ger-324	283	12	a	a	DET
ger-324	283	13	decade	decade	NOUN
ger-324	283	14	ago	ago	ADV
ger-324	283	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	283	16	attempts	attempt	VERB
ger-324	283	17	to	to	PART
ger-324	283	18	standardize	standardize	VERB
ger-324	283	19	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	283	20	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	283	21	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-324	283	22	may	may	AUX
ger-324	283	23	do	do	VERB
ger-324	283	24	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	283	25	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	283	26	harm	harm	NOUN
ger-324	283	27	than	than	ADP
ger-324	283	28	good	good	ADJ
ger-324	283	29	by	by	ADP
ger-324	283	30	promoting	promote	VERB
ger-324	283	31	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	283	32	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	283	33	that	that	PRON
ger-324	283	34	undermine	undermine	VERB
ger-324	283	35	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	283	36	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	283	37	enthusiasm	enthusiasm	NOUN
ger-324	283	38	for	for	ADP
ger-324	283	39	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	283	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	283	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	283	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	283	43	as	as	ADP
ger-324	283	44	a	a	DET
ger-324	283	45	result	result	NOUN
ger-324	283	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	283	47	negatively	negatively	ADV
ger-324	283	48	affect	affect	VERB
ger-324	283	49	their	their	PRON
ger-324	283	50	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
ger-324	283	51	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	283	52	performance	performance	NOUN
ger-324	283	53	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	283	54	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	283	55	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	283	56	456	456	NUM
ger-324	283	57	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	283	58	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	284	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
ger-324	284	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	284	3	when	when	SCONJ
ger-324	284	4	it	it	PRON
ger-324	284	5	comes	come	VERB
ger-324	284	6	to	to	ADP
ger-324	284	7	determining	determine	VERB
ger-324	284	8	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-324	284	9	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	284	10	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	284	11	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	284	12	can	can	AUX
ger-324	284	13	be	be	AUX
ger-324	284	14	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
ger-324	284	15	into	into	ADP
ger-324	284	16	a	a	DET
ger-324	284	17	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	284	18	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	284	19	based	base	VERB
ger-324	284	20	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	284	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	284	22	some	some	DET
ger-324	284	23	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ger-324	284	24	are	be	AUX
ger-324	284	25	more	more	ADV
ger-324	284	26	optimistic	optimistic	ADJ
ger-324	284	27	than	than	ADP
ger-324	284	28	others	other	NOUN
ger-324	284	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	284	30	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	284	31	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	284	32	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	284	33	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	284	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	284	35	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	284	36	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	284	37	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	284	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	284	39	claessens	claessen	NOUN
ger-324	284	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	284	41	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	284	42	engel	engel	PROPN
ger-324	284	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	284	44	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	284	45	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	284	46	clements	clements	PROPN
ger-324	284	47	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	284	48	sarama	sarama	PROPN
ger-324	284	49	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	284	50	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	284	51	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	284	52	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	285	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	285	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ger-324	285	3	to	to	ADP
ger-324	285	4	shifting	shift	VERB
ger-324	285	5	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	285	6	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-324	285	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	285	8	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	285	9	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
ger-324	285	10	because	because	SCONJ
ger-324	285	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	285	12	these	these	DET
ger-324	285	13	shifts	shift	NOUN
ger-324	285	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	285	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	285	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	285	17	amount	amount	NOUN
ger-324	285	18	of	of	ADP
ger-324	285	19	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	285	20	kindergartners	kindergartner	NOUN
ger-324	285	21	are	be	AUX
ger-324	285	22	engaged	engage	VERB
ger-324	285	23	in	in	ADP
ger-324	285	24	free	free	ADJ
ger-324	285	25	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	285	26	structured	structured	ADJ
ger-324	285	27	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	285	28	has	have	AUX
ger-324	285	29	also	also	ADV
ger-324	285	30	received	receive	VERB
ger-324	285	31	attention	attention	NOUN
ger-324	285	32	from	from	ADP
ger-324	285	33	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	285	34	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	285	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	286	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
ger-324	286	2	its	its	PRON
ger-324	286	3	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	286	4	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ger-324	286	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	286	6	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	286	7	…	…	PUNCT
ger-324	286	8	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-324	286	9	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	286	10	have	have	AUX
ger-324	286	11	seen	see	VERB
ger-324	286	12	a	a	DET
ger-324	286	13	steady	steady	ADJ
ger-324	286	14	decrease	decrease	NOUN
ger-324	286	15	in	in	ADP
ger-324	286	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	286	17	amount	amount	NOUN
ger-324	286	18	of	of	ADP
ger-324	286	19	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	286	20	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	286	21	classes	class	NOUN
ger-324	286	22	devoted	devote	VERB
ger-324	286	23	to	to	PART
ger-324	286	24	play	play	VERB
ger-324	286	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	286	26	lynch	lynch	PROPN
ger-324	286	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	286	28	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	286	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	286	30	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	286	31	348	348	NUM
ger-324	286	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	286	33	citing	cite	VERB
ger-324	286	34	brownson	brownson	NOUN
ger-324	286	35	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	286	36	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	286	37	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	286	38	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	286	39	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	286	40	frost	frost	NOUN
ger-324	286	41	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	286	42	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	286	43	meisels	meisel	NOUN
ger-324	286	44	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	286	45	shonko	shonko	PROPN
ger-324	286	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	286	47	2000	2000	NUM
ger-324	286	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	286	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	286	50	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	287	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	287	2	decrease	decrease	NOUN
ger-324	287	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	287	4	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	287	5	spent	spend	VERB
ger-324	287	6	playing	playing	NOUN
ger-324	287	7	has	have	AUX
ger-324	287	8	been	be	AUX
ger-324	287	9	attributed	attribute	VERB
ger-324	287	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	287	11	part	part	NOUN
ger-324	287	12	to	to	ADP
ger-324	287	13	an	an	DET
ger-324	287	14	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	287	15	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	287	16	placed	place	VERB
ger-324	287	17	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	287	18	preparing	prepare	VERB
ger-324	287	19	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	287	20	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	287	21	to	to	PART
ger-324	287	22	do	do	VERB
ger-324	287	23	well	well	ADV
ger-324	287	24	on	on	ADP
ger-324	287	25	standardized	standardized	ADJ
ger-324	287	26	tests	test	NOUN
ger-324	287	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	287	28	to	to	PART
ger-324	287	29	meet	meet	VERB
ger-324	287	30	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	287	31	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	287	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	287	33	copple	copple	NOUN
ger-324	287	34	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	287	35	bredekamp	bredekamp	PROPN
ger-324	287	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	287	37	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	287	38	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	287	39	hyun	hyun	PROPN
ger-324	287	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	287	41	2003	2003	NUM
ger-324	287	42	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	287	43	jeynes	jeyne	NOUN
ger-324	287	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	287	45	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	287	46	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	287	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	288	1	though	though	SCONJ
ger-324	288	2	some	some	DET
ger-324	288	3	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ger-324	288	4	argue	argue	VERB
ger-324	288	5	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	288	6	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	288	7	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	288	8	is	be	AUX
ger-324	288	9	not	not	PART
ger-324	288	10	a	a	DET
ger-324	288	11	luxury	luxury	NOUN
ger-324	288	12	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	288	13	rather	rather	ADV
ger-324	288	14	a	a	DET
ger-324	288	15	crucial	crucial	ADJ
ger-324	288	16	dynamic	dynamic	NOUN
ger-324	288	17	of	of	ADP
ger-324	288	18	healthy	healthy	ADJ
ger-324	288	19	physical	physical	ADJ
ger-324	288	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	288	21	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
ger-324	288	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	288	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	288	24	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	288	25	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	288	26	emotional	emotional	ADJ
ger-324	288	27	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	288	28	at	at	ADP
ger-324	288	29	all	all	DET
ger-324	288	30	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	288	31	levels	level	NOUN
ger-324	288	32	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	288	33	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	288	34	elkind	elkind	ADJ
ger-324	288	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	288	36	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	288	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	288	38	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	288	39	4	4	NUM
ger-324	288	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	288	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	288	42	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	288	43	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	288	44	administrators	administrator	NOUN
ger-324	288	45	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	288	46	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	288	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	288	48	feeling	feel	VERB
ger-324	288	49	pressure	pressure	NOUN
ger-324	288	50	to	to	PART
ger-324	288	51	increase	increase	VERB
ger-324	288	52	test	test	NOUN
ger-324	288	53	scores	score	NOUN
ger-324	288	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	288	55	may	may	AUX
ger-324	288	56	find	find	VERB
ger-324	288	57	it	it	PRON
ger-324	288	58	is	be	AUX
ger-324	288	59	necessary	necessary	ADJ
ger-324	288	60	to	to	PART
ger-324	288	61	reduce	reduce	VERB
ger-324	288	62	the	the	DET
ger-324	288	63	amount	amount	NOUN
ger-324	288	64	of	of	ADP
ger-324	288	65	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	288	66	free	free	ADJ
ger-324	288	67	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	288	68	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	288	69	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	288	70	are	be	AUX
ger-324	288	71	allotted	allot	VERB
ger-324	288	72	during	during	ADP
ger-324	288	73	an	an	DET
ger-324	288	74	already	already	ADV
ger-324	288	75	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	288	76	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	288	77	crunched	crunch	VERB
ger-324	288	78	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	288	79	day	day	NOUN
ger-324	288	80	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	289	1	as	as	SCONJ
ger-324	289	2	previously	previously	ADV
ger-324	289	3	stated	state	VERB
ger-324	289	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	289	5	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	289	6	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ger-324	289	7	would	would	AUX
ger-324	289	8	argue	argue	VERB
ger-324	289	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	289	10	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	289	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	289	12	academics	academic	NOUN
ger-324	289	13	are	be	AUX
ger-324	289	14	not	not	PART
ger-324	289	15	incompatible	incompatible	ADJ
ger-324	289	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	290	1	for	for	ADP
ger-324	290	2	example	example	NOUN
ger-324	290	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	290	4	alford	alford	PROPN
ger-324	290	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	290	6	rollins	rollin	NOUN
ger-324	290	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	290	8	padrón	padrón	NOUN
ger-324	290	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	290	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	290	11	waxman	waxman	PROPN
ger-324	290	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	290	13	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	290	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	290	15	have	have	AUX
ger-324	290	16	written	write	VERB
ger-324	290	17	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	290	18	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	290	19	the	the	DET
ger-324	290	20	concept	concept	NOUN
ger-324	290	21	of	of	ADP
ger-324	290	22	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	290	23	for	for	ADP
ger-324	290	24	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	290	25	learners	learner	NOUN
ger-324	290	26	has	have	AUX
ger-324	290	27	been	be	AUX
ger-324	290	28	was	was	AUX
ger-324	290	29	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	290	30	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	290	31	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	290	32	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	291	1	66	66	NUM
ger-324	291	2	erroneously	erroneously	ADV
ger-324	291	3	portrayed	portray	VERB
ger-324	291	4	as	as	ADP
ger-324	291	5	directly	directly	ADV
ger-324	291	6	oppositional	oppositional	ADJ
ger-324	291	7	to	to	ADP
ger-324	291	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	291	9	more	more	ADV
ger-324	291	10	‘	'	PUNCT
ger-324	291	11	worthy	worthy	ADJ
ger-324	291	12	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	291	13	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	291	14	counterpart	counterpart	NOUN
ger-324	291	15	of	of	ADP
ger-324	291	16	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	291	17	work	work	NOUN
ger-324	291	18	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	291	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	291	20	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	291	21	10	10	NUM
ger-324	291	22	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	291	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	292	1	riley	riley	PROPN
ger-324	292	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	292	3	jones	jones	PROPN
ger-324	292	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	292	5	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	292	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	292	7	would	would	AUX
ger-324	292	8	agree	agree	VERB
ger-324	292	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	292	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	292	11	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	292	12	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	292	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	292	14	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	292	15	do	do	AUX
ger-324	292	16	not	not	PART
ger-324	292	17	have	have	VERB
ger-324	292	18	to	to	PART
ger-324	292	19	be	be	AUX
ger-324	292	20	contradictory	contradictory	ADJ
ger-324	292	21	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	292	22	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	292	23	can	can	AUX
ger-324	292	24	occur	occur	VERB
ger-324	292	25	during	during	ADP
ger-324	292	26	times	time	NOUN
ger-324	292	27	of	of	ADP
ger-324	292	28	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	292	29	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	292	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	292	31	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	292	32	149	149	NUM
ger-324	292	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	292	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	293	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ger-324	293	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	293	3	according	accord	VERB
ger-324	293	4	to	to	ADP
ger-324	293	5	katz	katz	PROPN
ger-324	293	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	293	7	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	293	8	):	):	PUNCT
ger-324	293	9	…	…	PUNCT
ger-324	293	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	293	11	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ger-324	293	12	debates	debate	NOUN
ger-324	293	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	293	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	293	15	field	field	NOUN
ger-324	293	16	about	about	ADP
ger-324	293	17	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-324	293	18	to	to	PART
ger-324	293	19	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
ger-324	293	20	so	so	ADV
ger-324	293	21	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	293	22	called	call	VERB
ger-324	293	23	free	free	ADJ
ger-324	293	24	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	293	25	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	293	26	formal	formal	ADJ
ger-324	293	27	beginning	begin	VERB
ger-324	293	28	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	293	29	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	293	30	are	be	AUX
ger-324	293	31	not	not	PART
ger-324	293	32	the	the	DET
ger-324	293	33	only	only	ADJ
ger-324	293	34	two	two	NUM
ger-324	293	35	options	option	NOUN
ger-324	293	36	for	for	ADP
ger-324	293	37	the	the	DET
ger-324	293	38	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	293	39	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	293	40	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	293	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	294	1	certainly	certainly	ADV
ger-324	294	2	some	some	DET
ger-324	294	3	proportions	proportion	NOUN
ger-324	294	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	294	5	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	294	6	can	can	AUX
ger-324	294	7	be	be	AUX
ger-324	294	8	given	give	VERB
ger-324	294	9	to	to	ADP
ger-324	294	10	both	both	PRON
ger-324	294	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	294	12	those	those	DET
ger-324	294	13	kinds	kind	NOUN
ger-324	294	14	of	of	ADP
ger-324	294	15	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	294	16	components	component	NOUN
ger-324	294	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	295	1	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	295	2	in	in	ADP
ger-324	295	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	295	4	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	295	5	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	295	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	295	7	another	another	DET
ger-324	295	8	major	major	ADJ
ger-324	295	9	component	component	NOUN
ger-324	295	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	295	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	295	12	–	–	PUNCT
ger-324	295	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	295	14	indeed	indeed	ADV
ger-324	295	15	for	for	ADP
ger-324	295	16	all	all	DET
ger-324	295	17	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	295	18	groups	group	NOUN
ger-324	295	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	295	20	must	must	AUX
ger-324	295	21	be	be	AUX
ger-324	295	22	to	to	PART
ger-324	295	23	provide	provide	VERB
ger-324	295	24	a	a	DET
ger-324	295	25	wide	wide	ADJ
ger-324	295	26	range	range	NOUN
ger-324	295	27	of	of	ADP
ger-324	295	28	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-324	295	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	295	30	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-324	295	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	295	32	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-324	295	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	295	34	contexts	context	NOUN
ger-324	295	35	that	that	PRON
ger-324	295	36	will	will	AUX
ger-324	295	37	provoke	provoke	VERB
ger-324	295	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	295	39	stimulate	stimulate	VERB
ger-324	295	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	295	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	295	42	support	support	VERB
ger-324	295	43	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	295	44	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	295	45	innate	innate	ADJ
ger-324	295	46	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
ger-324	295	47	dispositions	disposition	NOUN
ger-324	295	48	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	296	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	296	2	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	296	3	2	2	NUM
ger-324	296	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	296	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	296	6	spite	spite	NOUN
ger-324	296	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	296	8	this	this	DET
ger-324	296	9	argument	argument	NOUN
ger-324	296	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	296	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	296	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	296	13	fact	fact	NOUN
ger-324	296	14	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	296	15	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	296	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	296	17	claim	claim	VERB
ger-324	296	18	to	to	PART
ger-324	296	19	be	be	AUX
ger-324	296	20	proponents	proponent	NOUN
ger-324	296	21	of	of	ADP
ger-324	296	22	dap	dap	PROPN
ger-324	296	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	296	24	alford	alford	PROPN
ger-324	296	25	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	296	26	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	296	27	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	296	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	296	29	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	296	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	296	31	found	find	VERB
ger-324	296	32	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	296	33	regardless	regardless	ADV
ger-324	296	34	of	of	ADP
ger-324	296	35	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	296	36	level	level	NOUN
ger-324	296	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	296	38	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	296	39	were	be	AUX
ger-324	296	40	likely	likely	ADJ
ger-324	296	41	to	to	PART
ger-324	296	42	use	use	VERB
ger-324	296	43	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	296	44	whole	whole	ADJ
ger-324	296	45	class	class	NOUN
ger-324	296	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	296	47	didactic	didactic	ADJ
ger-324	296	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	296	49	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	296	50	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	296	51	centered	center	VERB
ger-324	296	52	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-324	296	53	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	296	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	296	55	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	296	56	an	an	DET
ger-324	296	57	approach	approach	NOUN
ger-324	296	58	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	296	59	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	296	60	discounts	discount	VERB
ger-324	296	61	the	the	DET
ger-324	296	62	range	range	NOUN
ger-324	296	63	of	of	ADP
ger-324	296	64	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-324	296	65	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	296	66	contexts	context	NOUN
ger-324	296	67	that	that	PRON
ger-324	296	68	are	be	AUX
ger-324	296	69	present	present	ADJ
ger-324	296	70	within	within	ADP
ger-324	296	71	an	an	DET
ger-324	296	72	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	296	73	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	296	74	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	296	75	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	296	76	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	296	77	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	296	78	10	10	NUM
ger-324	296	79	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	296	80	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	297	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
ger-324	297	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	297	3	parker	parker	PROPN
ger-324	297	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	297	5	neuharthpritchett	neuharthpritchett	PROPN
ger-324	297	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	297	7	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	297	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	297	9	found	find	VERB
ger-324	297	10	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	297	11	even	even	ADV
ger-324	297	12	though	though	SCONJ
ger-324	297	13	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	297	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	297	15	employ	employ	VERB
ger-324	297	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	297	17	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	297	18	of	of	ADP
ger-324	297	19	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	297	20	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	297	21	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	297	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	297	23	they	they	PRON
ger-324	297	24	do	do	AUX
ger-324	297	25	not	not	PART
ger-324	297	26	always	always	ADV
ger-324	297	27	enact	enact	VERB
ger-324	297	28	these	these	DET
ger-324	297	29	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	297	30	in	in	ADP
ger-324	297	31	the	the	DET
ger-324	297	32	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	297	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	298	1	alford	alford	PROPN
ger-324	298	2	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	298	3	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	298	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	299	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	299	2	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	299	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	299	4	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-324	299	5	linked	link	VERB
ger-324	299	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	299	7	use	use	NOUN
ger-324	299	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	299	9	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	299	10	inappropriate	inappropriate	ADJ
ger-324	299	11	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	299	12	to	to	ADP
ger-324	299	13	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-324	299	14	for	for	ADP
ger-324	299	15	testing	testing	NOUN
ger-324	299	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	300	1	according	accord	VERB
ger-324	300	2	to	to	ADP
ger-324	300	3	yoon	yoon	PROPN
ger-324	300	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	300	5	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	300	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	300	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	300	8	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	300	9	instead	instead	ADV
ger-324	300	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	300	11	working	work	VERB
ger-324	300	12	in	in	ADP
ger-324	300	13	tandem	tandem	PROPN
ger-324	300	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	300	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	300	16	tests	test	NOUN
ger-324	300	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	300	18	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	300	19	theories	theory	NOUN
ger-324	300	20	are	be	AUX
ger-324	300	21	at	at	ADP
ger-324	300	22	odds	odd	NOUN
ger-324	300	23	with	with	ADP
ger-324	300	24	each	each	DET
ger-324	300	25	other	other	ADJ
ger-324	300	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	300	27	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-324	300	28	in	in	ADP
ger-324	300	29	the	the	DET
ger-324	300	30	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	300	31	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-324	300	32	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	300	33	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	300	34	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	300	35	369	369	NUM
ger-324	300	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	300	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	301	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
ger-324	301	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	3	parker	parker	PROPN
ger-324	301	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	301	5	neuharthpritchett	neuharthpritchett	PROPN
ger-324	301	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	301	7	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	301	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	301	9	remind	remind	VERB
ger-324	301	10	us	we	PRON
ger-324	301	11	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	301	12	didactic	didactic	ADJ
ger-324	301	13	methods	method	NOUN
ger-324	301	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	301	15	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	301	16	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	301	17	methods	method	NOUN
ger-324	301	18	are	be	AUX
ger-324	301	19	not	not	PART
ger-324	301	20	directly	directly	ADV
ger-324	301	21	in	in	ADP
ger-324	301	22	opposition	opposition	NOUN
ger-324	301	23	to	to	ADP
ger-324	301	24	one	one	NUM
ger-324	301	25	another	another	DET
ger-324	301	26	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	301	27	rather	rather	ADV
ger-324	301	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	29	these	these	PRON
ger-324	301	30	are	be	AUX
ger-324	301	31	two	two	NUM
ger-324	301	32	different	different	ADJ
ger-324	301	33	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-324	301	34	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-324	301	35	that	that	PRON
ger-324	301	36	serve	serve	VERB
ger-324	301	37	two	two	NUM
ger-324	301	38	different	different	ADJ
ger-324	301	39	purposes	purpose	NOUN
ger-324	301	40	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	301	41	citing	cite	VERB
ger-324	301	42	maxwell	maxwell	PROPN
ger-324	301	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	44	mcwilliam	mcwilliam	PROPN
ger-324	301	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	46	hemmeter	hemmeter	NOUN
ger-324	301	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	48	ault	ault	PROPN
ger-324	301	49	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	50	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	301	51	schuster	schuster	PROPN
ger-324	301	52	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	53	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	301	54	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	301	55	stipek	stipek	NOUN
ger-324	301	56	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	57	felier	felier	NOUN
ger-324	301	58	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	59	daniels	daniels	PROPN
ger-324	301	60	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	61	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	301	62	milburn	milburn	PROPN
ger-324	301	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	301	64	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	301	65	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	301	66	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	302	1	if	if	SCONJ
ger-324	302	2	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	302	3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	302	4	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	302	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	302	6	which	which	PRON
ger-324	302	7	may	may	AUX
ger-324	302	8	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
ger-324	302	9	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	302	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	302	11	based	base	VERB
ger-324	302	12	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	302	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	302	14	should	should	AUX
ger-324	302	15	not	not	PART
ger-324	302	16	be	be	AUX
ger-324	302	17	viewed	view	VERB
ger-324	302	18	as	as	ADP
ger-324	302	19	the	the	DET
ger-324	302	20	opposite	opposite	NOUN
ger-324	302	21	of	of	ADP
ger-324	302	22	didactic	didactic	ADJ
ger-324	302	23	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	302	24	methods	method	NOUN
ger-324	302	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	302	26	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	302	27	might	might	AUX
ger-324	302	28	we	we	PRON
ger-324	302	29	break	break	VERB
ger-324	302	30	away	away	ADV
ger-324	302	31	from	from	ADP
ger-324	302	32	viewing	view	VERB
ger-324	302	33	the	the	DET
ger-324	302	34	two	two	NUM
ger-324	302	35	as	as	ADP
ger-324	302	36	a	a	DET
ger-324	302	37	binary	binary	NOUN
ger-324	302	38	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	302	39	figure	figure	NOUN
ger-324	302	40	1	1	NUM
ger-324	302	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	302	42	which	which	PRON
ger-324	302	43	depicts	depict	VERB
ger-324	302	44	miller	miller	PROPN
ger-324	302	45	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	302	46	almon	almon	PROPN
ger-324	302	47	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	302	48	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	302	49	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	302	50	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	302	51	continuum	continuum	NOUN
ger-324	302	52	of	of	ADP
ger-324	302	53	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	302	54	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-324	302	55	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-324	302	56	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	302	57	ranging	range	VERB
ger-324	302	58	from	from	ADP
ger-324	302	59	highly	highly	ADV
ger-324	302	60	unstructured	unstructured	ADJ
ger-324	302	61	free	free	ADJ
ger-324	302	62	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	302	63	to	to	ADP
ger-324	302	64	highly	highly	ADV
ger-324	302	65	structured	structured	ADJ
ger-324	302	66	didactic	didactic	ADJ
ger-324	302	67	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	302	68	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	302	69	provides	provide	VERB
ger-324	302	70	one	one	NUM
ger-324	302	71	possible	possible	ADJ
ger-324	302	72	conception	conception	NOUN
ger-324	302	73	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	302	74	figure	figure	NOUN
ger-324	302	75	1	1	NUM
ger-324	302	76	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	303	1	continuum	continuum	ADJ
ger-324	303	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	303	3	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-324	303	4	to	to	ADP
ger-324	303	5	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	303	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	303	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	303	8	miller	miller	PROPN
ger-324	303	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	303	10	almon	almon	PROPN
ger-324	303	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	303	12	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	303	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	303	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	304	1	67	67	NUM
ger-324	304	2	global	global	ADJ
ger-324	304	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	304	4	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	304	5	4(2	4(2	NUM
ger-324	304	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	304	7	according	accord	VERB
ger-324	304	8	to	to	ADP
ger-324	304	9	miller	miller	PROPN
ger-324	304	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	304	11	almon	almon	PROPN
ger-324	304	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	304	13	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	304	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	304	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	304	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	304	17	optimal	optimal	ADJ
ger-324	304	18	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	304	19	environment	environment	NOUN
ger-324	304	20	for	for	ADP
ger-324	304	21	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	304	22	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	304	23	combines	combine	VERB
ger-324	304	24	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	304	25	with	with	ADP
ger-324	304	26	a	a	DET
ger-324	304	27	purpose	purpose	NOUN
ger-324	304	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	304	29	an	an	DET
ger-324	304	30	environment	environment	NOUN
ger-324	304	31	where	where	SCONJ
ger-324	304	32	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	304	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	304	34	under	under	ADP
ger-324	304	35	the	the	DET
ger-324	304	36	guidance	guidance	NOUN
ger-324	304	37	of	of	ADP
ger-324	304	38	their	their	PRON
ger-324	304	39	teacher(s	teacher(s	NOUN
ger-324	304	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	304	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	304	42	can	can	AUX
ger-324	304	43	actively	actively	ADV
ger-324	304	44	experience	experience	VERB
ger-324	304	45	the	the	DET
ger-324	304	46	world	world	NOUN
ger-324	304	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	304	48	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	304	49	concepts	concept	NOUN
ger-324	304	50	in	in	ADP
ger-324	304	51	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	304	52	that	that	PRON
ger-324	304	53	are	be	AUX
ger-324	304	54	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ger-324	304	55	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	304	56	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	304	57	to	to	ADP
ger-324	304	58	them	they	PRON
ger-324	304	59	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	305	1	snow	snow	NOUN
ger-324	305	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	305	3	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	305	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	305	5	would	would	AUX
ger-324	305	6	agree	agree	VERB
ger-324	305	7	with	with	ADP
ger-324	305	8	this	this	DET
ger-324	305	9	position	position	NOUN
ger-324	305	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	306	1	such	such	DET
ger-324	306	2	an	an	DET
ger-324	306	3	environment	environment	NOUN
ger-324	306	4	echoes	echo	VERB
ger-324	306	5	dewey	dewey	PROPN
ger-324	306	6	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	306	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	306	8	1938	1938	NUM
ger-324	306	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	306	10	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
ger-324	306	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	306	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	306	13	grounded	ground	VERB
ger-324	306	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	306	15	experience	experience	NOUN
ger-324	306	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	306	17	particularly	particularly	ADV
ger-324	306	18	the	the	DET
ger-324	306	19	need	need	NOUN
ger-324	306	20	for	for	ADP
ger-324	306	21	continuity	continuity	NOUN
ger-324	306	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	306	23	interaction	interaction	NOUN
ger-324	306	24	across	across	ADP
ger-324	306	25	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	306	26	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-324	306	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	306	28	as	as	ADV
ger-324	306	29	well	well	ADV
ger-324	306	30	as	as	ADP
ger-324	306	31	the	the	DET
ger-324	306	32	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	306	33	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	306	34	of	of	ADP
ger-324	306	35	a	a	DET
ger-324	306	36	skilled	skilled	ADJ
ger-324	306	37	adult	adult	NOUN
ger-324	306	38	facilitator	facilitator	NOUN
ger-324	306	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	307	1	from	from	ADP
ger-324	307	2	this	this	DET
ger-324	307	3	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	307	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	307	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	307	6	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	307	7	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	307	8	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	307	9	are	be	AUX
ger-324	307	10	addressing	address	VERB
ger-324	307	11	only	only	ADV
ger-324	307	12	a	a	DET
ger-324	307	13	piece	piece	NOUN
ger-324	307	14	of	of	ADP
ger-324	307	15	dewey	dewey	PROPN
ger-324	307	16	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	307	17	vision	vision	NOUN
ger-324	307	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	307	19	that	that	PRON
ger-324	307	20	of	of	ADP
ger-324	307	21	offering	offer	VERB
ger-324	307	22	continuity	continuity	NOUN
ger-324	307	23	across	across	ADP
ger-324	307	24	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	307	25	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-324	307	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	307	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	307	28	overlooking	overlook	VERB
ger-324	307	29	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	307	30	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	307	31	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-324	307	32	should	should	AUX
ger-324	307	33	also	also	ADV
ger-324	307	34	be	be	AUX
ger-324	307	35	informed	inform	VERB
ger-324	307	36	by	by	ADP
ger-324	307	37	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	307	38	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	307	39	personal	personal	ADJ
ger-324	307	40	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	307	41	relational	relational	ADJ
ger-324	307	42	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	307	43	of	of	ADP
ger-324	307	44	being	be	AUX
ger-324	307	45	in	in	ADP
ger-324	307	46	the	the	DET
ger-324	307	47	world	world	NOUN
ger-324	307	48	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	308	1	to	to	PART
ger-324	308	2	close	close	VERB
ger-324	308	3	this	this	DET
ger-324	308	4	section	section	NOUN
ger-324	308	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	308	6	i	i	PRON
ger-324	308	7	feel	feel	VERB
ger-324	308	8	it	it	PRON
ger-324	308	9	is	be	AUX
ger-324	308	10	also	also	ADV
ger-324	308	11	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	308	12	to	to	PART
ger-324	308	13	clarify	clarify	VERB
ger-324	308	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	308	15	notion	notion	NOUN
ger-324	308	16	of	of	ADP
ger-324	308	17	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	308	18	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	308	19	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	308	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	308	21	as	as	SCONJ
ger-324	308	22	it	it	PRON
ger-324	308	23	is	be	AUX
ger-324	308	24	somewhat	somewhat	ADV
ger-324	308	25	paradoxical	paradoxical	ADJ
ger-324	308	26	in	in	ADP
ger-324	308	27	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-324	308	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	309	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	309	2	holding	hold	VERB
ger-324	309	3	itself	itself	PRON
ger-324	309	4	at	at	ADP
ger-324	309	5	a	a	DET
ger-324	309	6	far	far	ADJ
ger-324	309	7	distance	distance	NOUN
ger-324	309	8	from	from	ADP
ger-324	309	9	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	309	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	309	11	based	base	VERB
ger-324	309	12	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	309	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	309	14	dap	dap	PROPN
ger-324	309	15	has	have	AUX
ger-324	309	16	been	be	AUX
ger-324	309	17	built	build	VERB
ger-324	309	18	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	309	19	a	a	DET
ger-324	309	20	prescribed	prescribe	VERB
ger-324	309	21	set	set	NOUN
ger-324	309	22	of	of	ADP
ger-324	309	23	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-324	309	24	about	about	ADP
ger-324	309	25	the	the	DET
ger-324	309	26	kind	kind	NOUN
ger-324	309	27	of	of	ADP
ger-324	309	28	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	309	29	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	309	30	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	309	31	need	need	VERB
ger-324	309	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	310	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	310	2	on	on	ADP
ger-324	310	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	310	4	one	one	NUM
ger-324	310	5	hand	hand	NOUN
ger-324	310	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	310	7	this	this	PRON
ger-324	310	8	might	might	AUX
ger-324	310	9	underscore	underscore	VERB
ger-324	310	10	hyson	hyson	PROPN
ger-324	310	11	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	310	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	310	13	2003	2003	NUM
ger-324	310	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	310	15	point	point	NOUN
ger-324	310	16	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	310	17	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	310	18	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	310	19	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	310	20	has	have	AUX
ger-324	310	21	always	always	ADV
ger-324	310	22	had	have	AUX
ger-324	310	23	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	310	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	310	25	moon	moon	NOUN
ger-324	310	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	310	27	reifel	reifel	NOUN
ger-324	310	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	310	29	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	310	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	310	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	310	32	drawing	draw	VERB
ger-324	310	33	on	on	ADP
ger-324	310	34	work	work	NOUN
ger-324	310	35	from	from	ADP
ger-324	310	36	dyson	dyson	PROPN
ger-324	310	37	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	310	38	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	310	39	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	310	40	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	310	41	genishi	genishi	ADJ
ger-324	310	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	310	43	dyson	dyson	NOUN
ger-324	310	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	310	45	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	310	46	fassler	fassler	NOUN
ger-324	310	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	310	48	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	310	49	1994	1994	NUM
ger-324	310	50	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	310	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	310	52	have	have	AUX
ger-324	310	53	reminded	remind	VERB
ger-324	310	54	us	we	PRON
ger-324	310	55	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	310	56	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	310	57	‘	'	PUNCT
ger-324	310	58	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	310	59	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	310	60	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	310	61	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	310	62	may	may	AUX
ger-324	310	63	not	not	PART
ger-324	310	64	always	always	ADV
ger-324	310	65	look	look	VERB
ger-324	310	66	the	the	DET
ger-324	310	67	same	same	ADJ
ger-324	310	68	…	…	PUNCT
ger-324	310	69	in	in	ADP
ger-324	310	70	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	310	71	with	with	ADP
ger-324	310	72	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-324	310	73	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	310	74	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	310	75	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	310	76	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	310	77	50	50	NUM
ger-324	310	78	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	310	79	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	311	1	alford	alford	PROPN
ger-324	311	2	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	311	3	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	311	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	312	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	312	2	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	312	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	312	4	would	would	AUX
ger-324	312	5	add	add	VERB
ger-324	312	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	312	7	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	312	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	312	9	quality	quality	NOUN
ger-324	312	10	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	312	11	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	312	12	settings	setting	NOUN
ger-324	312	13	consider	consider	VERB
ger-324	312	14	all	all	DET
ger-324	312	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	312	16	domains	domain	NOUN
ger-324	312	17	of	of	ADP
ger-324	312	18	a	a	DET
ger-324	312	19	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	312	20	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	312	21	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	312	22	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	312	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	312	24	not	not	PART
ger-324	312	25	just	just	ADV
ger-324	312	26	cognition	cognition	NOUN
ger-324	312	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	313	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	313	2	need	need	NOUN
ger-324	313	3	for	for	SCONJ
ger-324	313	4	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	313	5	to	to	PART
ger-324	313	6	individualize	individualize	VERB
ger-324	313	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	313	8	differentiate	differentiate	VERB
ger-324	313	9	their	their	PRON
ger-324	313	10	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	313	11	in	in	ADP
ger-324	313	12	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
ger-324	313	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	313	14	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-324	313	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	313	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	313	17	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	313	18	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-324	313	19	environments	environment	NOUN
ger-324	313	20	is	be	AUX
ger-324	313	21	all	all	PRON
ger-324	313	22	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	313	23	compulsory	compulsory	ADJ
ger-324	313	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	314	1	future	future	ADJ
ger-324	314	2	ece	ece	PROPN
ger-324	314	3	research	research	PROPN
ger-324	314	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	314	5	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	314	6	must	must	AUX
ger-324	314	7	utilize	utilize	VERB
ger-324	314	8	a	a	DET
ger-324	314	9	more	more	ADV
ger-324	314	10	all	all	PRON
ger-324	314	11	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	314	12	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
ger-324	314	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	314	14	farsighted	farsighted	ADJ
ger-324	314	15	approach	approach	NOUN
ger-324	314	16	towards	towards	ADP
ger-324	314	17	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	314	18	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	314	19	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	314	20	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	314	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	315	1	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
ger-324	315	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	315	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	315	4	answer	answer	NOUN
ger-324	315	5	to	to	ADP
ger-324	315	6	providing	provide	VERB
ger-324	315	7	effective	effective	ADJ
ger-324	315	8	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	315	9	for	for	ADP
ger-324	315	10	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	315	11	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	315	12	lies	lie	VERB
ger-324	315	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	315	14	bridging	bridge	VERB
ger-324	315	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	315	16	gap	gap	NOUN
ger-324	315	17	between	between	ADP
ger-324	315	18	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	315	19	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	315	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	315	21	direct	direct	ADJ
ger-324	315	22	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	315	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	315	24	striking	strike	VERB
ger-324	315	25	a	a	DET
ger-324	315	26	successful	successful	ADJ
ger-324	315	27	balance	balance	NOUN
ger-324	315	28	between	between	ADP
ger-324	315	29	both	both	DET
ger-324	315	30	ideologies	ideology	NOUN
ger-324	315	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	315	32	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	315	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	316	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	316	2	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	316	3	11	11	NUM
ger-324	316	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	316	5	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-324	316	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	316	7	considering	consider	VERB
ger-324	316	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	316	9	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-324	316	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	316	11	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
ger-324	316	12	needs	need	NOUN
ger-324	316	13	of	of	ADP
ger-324	316	14	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-324	316	15	learners	learner	NOUN
ger-324	316	16	adds	add	VERB
ger-324	316	17	yet	yet	ADV
ger-324	316	18	another	another	DET
ger-324	316	19	dimension	dimension	NOUN
ger-324	316	20	in	in	ADP
ger-324	316	21	this	this	DET
ger-324	316	22	exploration	exploration	NOUN
ger-324	316	23	of	of	ADP
ger-324	316	24	the	the	DET
ger-324	316	25	changing	change	VERB
ger-324	316	26	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-324	316	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	316	28	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	316	29	of	of	ADP
ger-324	316	30	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	316	31	postnclb	postnclb	NOUN
ger-324	316	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	317	1	if	if	SCONJ
ger-324	317	2	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	317	3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	317	4	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
ger-324	317	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	317	6	positive	positive	ADJ
ger-324	317	7	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	317	8	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	317	9	are	be	AUX
ger-324	317	10	inextricably	inextricably	ADV
ger-324	317	11	linked	link	VERB
ger-324	317	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	317	13	alford	alford	PROPN
ger-324	317	14	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	317	15	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	317	16	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	317	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	317	18	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	317	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	317	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	317	21	is	be	AUX
ger-324	317	22	it	it	PRON
ger-324	317	23	also	also	ADV
ger-324	317	24	possible	possible	ADJ
ger-324	317	25	to	to	PART
ger-324	317	26	teach	teach	VERB
ger-324	317	27	a	a	DET
ger-324	317	28	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-324	317	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	317	30	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-324	317	31	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-324	317	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	317	33	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	317	34	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	317	35	based	base	VERB
ger-324	317	36	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	317	37	that	that	PRON
ger-324	317	38	meets	meet	VERB
ger-324	317	39	the	the	DET
ger-324	317	40	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	317	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	317	42	emotional	emotional	ADJ
ger-324	317	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	317	44	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	317	45	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
ger-324	317	46	needs	need	NOUN
ger-324	317	47	of	of	ADP
ger-324	317	48	all	all	DET
ger-324	317	49	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	317	50	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	318	1	this	this	PRON
ger-324	318	2	seems	seem	VERB
ger-324	318	3	to	to	PART
ger-324	318	4	be	be	AUX
ger-324	318	5	a	a	DET
ger-324	318	6	tall	tall	ADJ
ger-324	318	7	order	order	NOUN
ger-324	318	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	318	9	even	even	ADV
ger-324	318	10	for	for	ADP
ger-324	318	11	the	the	DET
ger-324	318	12	most	most	ADV
ger-324	318	13	seasoned	seasoned	ADJ
ger-324	318	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	318	15	successful	successful	ADJ
ger-324	318	16	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	318	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	318	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	318	19	an	an	DET
ger-324	318	20	example	example	NOUN
ger-324	318	21	of	of	ADP
ger-324	318	22	which	which	DET
ger-324	318	23	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	318	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	318	25	to	to	ADP
ger-324	318	26	the	the	DET
ger-324	318	27	best	good	ADJ
ger-324	318	28	of	of	ADP
ger-324	318	29	my	my	PRON
ger-324	318	30	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-324	318	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	318	32	has	have	VERB
ger-324	318	33	yet	yet	ADV
ger-324	318	34	to	to	PART
ger-324	318	35	locate	locate	VERB
ger-324	318	36	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	318	37	explicate	explicate	VERB
ger-324	318	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	319	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	319	2	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	319	3	science	science	NOUN
ger-324	319	4	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	319	5	behind	behind	ADP
ger-324	319	6	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	319	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	319	8	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	319	9	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	319	10	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	319	11	within	within	ADP
ger-324	319	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	319	13	context	context	NOUN
ger-324	319	14	of	of	ADP
ger-324	319	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	319	16	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	319	17	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	319	18	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	319	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	319	20	it	it	PRON
ger-324	319	21	would	would	AUX
ger-324	319	22	seem	seem	VERB
ger-324	319	23	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	319	24	prior	prior	ADV
ger-324	319	25	to	to	ADP
ger-324	319	26	nclb	nclb	PROPN
ger-324	319	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	319	28	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	319	29	were	be	AUX
ger-324	319	30	expected	expect	VERB
ger-324	319	31	to	to	PART
ger-324	319	32	leave	leave	VERB
ger-324	319	33	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	319	34	ready	ready	ADJ
ger-324	319	35	to	to	PART
ger-324	319	36	read	read	VERB
ger-324	319	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	319	38	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ger-324	319	39	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	319	40	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	319	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	319	42	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	319	43	have	have	AUX
ger-324	319	44	been	be	AUX
ger-324	319	45	pushed	push	VERB
ger-324	319	46	to	to	PART
ger-324	319	47	leave	leave	VERB
ger-324	319	48	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	319	49	already	already	ADV
ger-324	319	50	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	319	51	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	319	52	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	319	53	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	319	54	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	319	55	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	319	56	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	319	57	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	319	58	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	319	59	miller	miller	PROPN
ger-324	319	60	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	319	61	almon	almon	PROPN
ger-324	319	62	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	319	63	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	319	64	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	319	65	yoon	yoon	PROPN
ger-324	319	66	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	319	67	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	319	68	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	319	69	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	320	1	such	such	DET
ger-324	320	2	a	a	DET
ger-324	320	3	distinction	distinction	NOUN
ger-324	320	4	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
ger-324	320	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	320	6	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-324	320	7	between	between	ADP
ger-324	320	8	emergent	emergent	ADJ
ger-324	320	9	readers	reader	NOUN
ger-324	320	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	320	11	who	who	PRON
ger-324	320	12	understand	understand	VERB
ger-324	320	13	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	320	14	concepts	concept	NOUN
ger-324	320	15	about	about	ADP
ger-324	320	16	print	print	NOUN
ger-324	320	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	320	18	are	be	AUX
ger-324	320	19	experimenting	experiment	VERB
ger-324	320	20	with	with	ADP
ger-324	320	21	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	320	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	320	23	writing	writing	NOUN
ger-324	320	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	320	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	320	26	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	320	27	readers	reader	NOUN
ger-324	320	28	who	who	PRON
ger-324	320	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	320	30	in	in	ADP
ger-324	320	31	addition	addition	NOUN
ger-324	320	32	to	to	ADP
ger-324	320	33	possessing	possess	VERB
ger-324	320	34	a	a	DET
ger-324	320	35	solid	solid	ADJ
ger-324	320	36	grasp	grasp	NOUN
ger-324	320	37	of	of	ADP
ger-324	320	38	print	print	NOUN
ger-324	320	39	concepts	concept	NOUN
ger-324	320	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	320	41	have	have	VERB
ger-324	320	42	a	a	DET
ger-324	320	43	bank	bank	NOUN
ger-324	320	44	of	of	ADP
ger-324	320	45	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	320	46	frequency	frequency	NOUN
ger-324	320	47	words	word	NOUN
ger-324	320	48	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	320	49	which	which	PRON
ger-324	320	50	to	to	PART
ger-324	320	51	draw	draw	VERB
ger-324	320	52	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	320	53	as	as	ADV
ger-324	320	54	well	well	ADV
ger-324	320	55	as	as	ADP
ger-324	320	56	a	a	DET
ger-324	320	57	growing	grow	VERB
ger-324	320	58	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-324	320	59	to	to	PART
ger-324	320	60	decode	decode	VERB
ger-324	320	61	was	be	AUX
ger-324	320	62	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	320	63	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	320	64	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	320	65	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	321	1	68	68	NUM
ger-324	321	2	words	word	NOUN
ger-324	321	3	that	that	PRON
ger-324	321	4	follow	follow	VERB
ger-324	321	5	predictable	predictable	ADJ
ger-324	321	6	sound	sound	NOUN
ger-324	321	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	321	8	spelling	spelling	NOUN
ger-324	321	9	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-324	321	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	321	11	pinnell	pinnell	NOUN
ger-324	321	12	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	321	13	fountas	founta	NOUN
ger-324	321	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	321	15	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	321	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	321	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	322	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	322	2	expectation	expectation	NOUN
ger-324	322	3	that	that	PRON
ger-324	322	4	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	322	5	leave	leave	VERB
ger-324	322	6	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	322	7	already	already	ADV
ger-324	322	8	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	322	9	can	can	AUX
ger-324	322	10	be	be	AUX
ger-324	322	11	attributed	attribute	VERB
ger-324	322	12	to	to	ADP
ger-324	322	13	the	the	DET
ger-324	322	14	goals	goal	NOUN
ger-324	322	15	of	of	ADP
ger-324	322	16	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	322	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	322	18	the	the	DET
ger-324	322	19	adoption	adoption	NOUN
ger-324	322	20	of	of	ADP
ger-324	322	21	more	more	ADV
ger-324	322	22	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ
ger-324	322	23	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	322	24	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	322	25	that	that	PRON
ger-324	322	26	it	it	PRON
ger-324	322	27	inspired	inspire	VERB
ger-324	322	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	322	29	yoon	yoon	PROPN
ger-324	322	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	322	31	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	322	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	322	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	323	1	among	among	ADP
ger-324	323	2	its	its	PRON
ger-324	323	3	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	323	4	ambitious	ambitious	ADJ
ger-324	323	5	goals	goal	NOUN
ger-324	323	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	323	7	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	323	8	pushed	push	VERB
ger-324	323	9	a	a	DET
ger-324	323	10	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	323	11	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ger-324	323	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	323	13	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	323	14	first	first	ADV
ger-324	323	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	323	16	declaring	declare	VERB
ger-324	323	17	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	323	18	all	all	DET
ger-324	323	19	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	323	20	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	323	21	should	should	AUX
ger-324	323	22	be	be	AUX
ger-324	323	23	proficient	proficient	ADJ
ger-324	323	24	readers	reader	NOUN
ger-324	323	25	by	by	ADP
ger-324	323	26	third	third	ADJ
ger-324	323	27	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	323	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	323	29	white	white	PROPN
ger-324	323	30	house	house	PROPN
ger-324	323	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	323	32	2003	2003	NUM
ger-324	323	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	323	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	324	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	324	2	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ger-324	324	3	was	be	AUX
ger-324	324	4	largely	largely	ADV
ger-324	324	5	informed	inform	VERB
ger-324	324	6	by	by	ADP
ger-324	324	7	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-324	324	8	put	put	VERB
ger-324	324	9	forth	forth	ADP
ger-324	324	10	by	by	ADP
ger-324	324	11	a	a	DET
ger-324	324	12	group	group	NOUN
ger-324	324	13	of	of	ADP
ger-324	324	14	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	324	15	commissioned	commission	VERB
ger-324	324	16	by	by	ADP
ger-324	324	17	the	the	DET
ger-324	324	18	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	324	19	government	government	NOUN
ger-324	324	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	324	21	the	the	DET
ger-324	324	22	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	324	23	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	324	24	panel	panel	NOUN
ger-324	324	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	324	26	nrp	nrp	PROPN
ger-324	324	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	324	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	324	29	in	in	ADP
ger-324	324	30	their	their	PRON
ger-324	324	31	report	report	NOUN
ger-324	324	32	entitled	entitle	VERB
ger-324	324	33	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-324	324	34	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	324	35	to	to	PART
ger-324	324	36	read	read	VERB
ger-324	324	37	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	324	38	an	an	DET
ger-324	324	39	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-324	324	40	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	324	41	based	base	VERB
ger-324	324	42	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	324	43	of	of	ADP
ger-324	324	44	the	the	DET
ger-324	324	45	scientific	scientific	ADJ
ger-324	324	46	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	324	47	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	324	48	on	on	ADP
ger-324	324	49	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	324	50	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	324	51	its	its	PRON
ger-324	324	52	implications	implication	NOUN
ger-324	324	53	for	for	ADP
ger-324	324	54	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	324	55	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	324	56	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	324	57	national	national	PROPN
ger-324	324	58	institute	institute	PROPN
ger-324	324	59	of	of	ADP
ger-324	324	60	child	child	PROPN
ger-324	324	61	health	health	PROPN
ger-324	324	62	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	324	63	human	human	ADJ
ger-324	324	64	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	324	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	324	66	2000	2000	NUM
ger-324	324	67	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	324	68	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	325	1	privileging	privilege	VERB
ger-324	325	2	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	325	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	325	4	based	base	VERB
ger-324	325	5	on	on	ADP
ger-324	325	6	experimental	experimental	ADJ
ger-324	325	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	325	8	quasiexperimental	quasiexperimental	ADJ
ger-324	325	9	designs	design	NOUN
ger-324	325	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	325	11	cunningham	cunningham	PROPN
ger-324	325	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	325	13	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	325	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	325	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	325	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	325	17	nrp	nrp	NOUN
ger-324	325	18	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ger-324	325	19	reduced	reduce	VERB
ger-324	325	20	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	325	21	to	to	ADP
ger-324	325	22	a	a	DET
ger-324	325	23	science	science	NOUN
ger-324	325	24	that	that	PRON
ger-324	325	25	can	can	AUX
ger-324	325	26	quantifiably	quantifiably	ADV
ger-324	325	27	be	be	AUX
ger-324	325	28	measured	measure	VERB
ger-324	325	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	326	1	as	as	ADP
ger-324	326	2	such	such	ADJ
ger-324	326	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	4	it	it	PRON
ger-324	326	5	is	be	AUX
ger-324	326	6	not	not	PART
ger-324	326	7	surprising	surprising	ADJ
ger-324	326	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	326	9	one	one	NUM
ger-324	326	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	326	11	the	the	DET
ger-324	326	12	report	report	NOUN
ger-324	326	13	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	326	14	major	major	ADJ
ger-324	326	15	takeaways	takeaway	NOUN
ger-324	326	16	was	be	AUX
ger-324	326	17	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	326	18	effectively	effectively	ADV
ger-324	326	19	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-324	326	20	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	326	21	depended	depend	VERB
ger-324	326	22	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	326	23	explicit	explicit	ADJ
ger-324	326	24	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	326	25	in	in	ADP
ger-324	326	26	the	the	DET
ger-324	326	27	areas	area	NOUN
ger-324	326	28	of	of	ADP
ger-324	326	29	phonemic	phonemic	ADJ
ger-324	326	30	awareness	awareness	NOUN
ger-324	326	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	32	phonics	phonic	NOUN
ger-324	326	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	34	fluency	fluency	NOUN
ger-324	326	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	36	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
ger-324	326	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	326	39	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ger-324	326	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	41	with	with	ADP
ger-324	326	42	a	a	DET
ger-324	326	43	strong	strong	ADJ
ger-324	326	44	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	326	45	on	on	ADP
ger-324	326	46	the	the	DET
ger-324	326	47	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	326	48	three	three	NUM
ger-324	326	49	in	in	ADP
ger-324	326	50	the	the	DET
ger-324	326	51	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	326	52	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-324	326	53	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	326	54	bingham	bingham	PROPN
ger-324	326	55	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	326	56	patton	patton	PROPN
ger-324	326	57	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	326	58	terry	terry	PROPN
ger-324	326	59	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	60	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	326	61	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	326	62	botzakis	botzakis	PROPN
ger-324	326	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	64	burns	burn	NOUN
ger-324	326	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	66	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	326	67	hall	hall	PROPN
ger-324	326	68	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	69	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	326	70	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	326	71	paris	paris	PROPN
ger-324	326	72	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	326	73	2005	2005	NUM
ger-324	326	74	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	326	75	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	327	1	although	although	SCONJ
ger-324	327	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	327	3	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
ger-324	327	4	drawn	draw	VERB
ger-324	327	5	by	by	ADP
ger-324	327	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	327	7	nrp	nrp	NOUN
ger-324	327	8	received	receive	VERB
ger-324	327	9	a	a	DET
ger-324	327	10	substantial	substantial	ADJ
ger-324	327	11	amount	amount	NOUN
ger-324	327	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	327	13	criticism	criticism	NOUN
ger-324	327	14	from	from	ADP
ger-324	327	15	leading	lead	VERB
ger-324	327	16	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	327	17	experts	expert	NOUN
ger-324	327	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	327	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	327	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	327	21	allington	allington	PROPN
ger-324	327	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	327	23	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	327	24	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	327	25	cunningham	cunningham	PROPN
ger-324	327	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	327	27	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	327	28	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	327	29	paris	paris	PROPN
ger-324	327	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	327	31	2005	2005	NUM
ger-324	327	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	327	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	327	34	its	its	PRON
ger-324	327	35	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-324	327	36	on	on	ADP
ger-324	327	37	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	327	38	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	327	39	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	327	40	was	be	AUX
ger-324	327	41	highly	highly	ADV
ger-324	327	42	consequential	consequential	ADJ
ger-324	327	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	327	44	as	as	ADV
ger-324	327	45	well	well	ADV
ger-324	327	46	as	as	ADP
ger-324	327	47	its	its	PRON
ger-324	327	48	influence	influence	NOUN
ger-324	327	49	on	on	ADP
ger-324	327	50	the	the	DET
ger-324	327	51	future	future	ADJ
ger-324	327	52	adoption	adoption	NOUN
ger-324	327	53	of	of	ADP
ger-324	327	54	the	the	DET
ger-324	327	55	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	327	56	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	327	57	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	327	58	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	327	59	botzakis	botzakis	PROPN
ger-324	327	60	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	327	61	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	327	62	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	327	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	327	64	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	327	65	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	327	66	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	328	1	post	post	ADJ
ger-324	328	2	-	-	ADJ
ger-324	328	3	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	328	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	328	5	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	328	6	funding	funding	NOUN
ger-324	328	7	streams	stream	NOUN
ger-324	328	8	were	be	AUX
ger-324	328	9	directed	direct	VERB
ger-324	328	10	toward	toward	ADP
ger-324	328	11	states	state	NOUN
ger-324	328	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	328	13	districts	district	NOUN
ger-324	328	14	that	that	PRON
ger-324	328	15	agreed	agree	VERB
ger-324	328	16	to	to	PART
ger-324	328	17	purchase	purchase	VERB
ger-324	328	18	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	328	19	programs	program	NOUN
ger-324	328	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	328	21	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-324	328	22	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	328	23	models	model	NOUN
ger-324	328	24	informed	inform	VERB
ger-324	328	25	by	by	ADP
ger-324	328	26	scientificallybased	scientificallybase	VERB
ger-324	328	27	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	328	28	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	328	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	328	30	teale	teale	PROPN
ger-324	328	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	328	32	paciga	paciga	ADJ
ger-324	328	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	328	34	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	328	35	hoffman	hoffman	PROPN
ger-324	328	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	328	37	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	328	38	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	328	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	329	1	as	as	ADP
ger-324	329	2	such	such	ADJ
ger-324	329	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	329	4	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	329	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	329	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	329	7	particularly	particularly	ADV
ger-324	329	8	those	those	PRON
ger-324	329	9	working	work	VERB
ger-324	329	10	with	with	ADP
ger-324	329	11	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	329	12	from	from	ADP
ger-324	329	13	low	low	ADJ
ger-324	329	14	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	329	15	income	income	NOUN
ger-324	329	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	329	17	minoritized	minoritized	ADJ
ger-324	329	18	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ger-324	329	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	329	20	were	be	AUX
ger-324	329	21	pressured	pressure	VERB
ger-324	329	22	to	to	PART
ger-324	329	23	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
ger-324	329	24	code	code	NOUN
ger-324	329	25	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	329	26	based	base	VERB
ger-324	329	27	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	329	28	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	329	29	in	in	ADP
ger-324	329	30	the	the	DET
ger-324	329	31	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	329	32	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-324	329	33	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	329	34	gee	gee	INTJ
ger-324	329	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	329	36	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	329	37	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	329	38	pearson	pearson	PROPN
ger-324	329	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	329	40	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	329	41	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	329	42	pearson	pearson	PROPN
ger-324	329	43	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	329	44	hiebert	hiebert	PROPN
ger-324	329	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	329	46	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	329	47	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	329	48	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	330	1	such	such	DET
ger-324	330	2	a	a	DET
ger-324	330	3	prioritization	prioritization	NOUN
ger-324	330	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	330	5	decontextualized	decontextualize	VERB
ger-324	330	6	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	330	7	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	330	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	330	9	i.e.	i.e.	X
ger-324	330	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	330	11	street	street	NOUN
ger-324	330	12	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	331	1	[	[	X
ger-324	331	2	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	331	3	]	]	PUNCT
ger-324	331	4	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	331	5	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
ger-324	331	6	model	model	NOUN
ger-324	331	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	331	8	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	331	9	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	331	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	331	11	discounted	discount	VERB
ger-324	331	12	decades	decade	NOUN
ger-324	331	13	of	of	ADP
ger-324	331	14	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	331	15	informed	inform	VERB
ger-324	331	16	by	by	ADP
ger-324	331	17	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
ger-324	331	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	331	19	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	331	20	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	331	21	of	of	ADP
ger-324	331	22	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	331	23	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	331	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	331	25	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	331	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	331	27	cope	cope	VERB
ger-324	331	28	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	331	29	kalantzis	kalantzi	NOUN
ger-324	331	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	331	31	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	331	32	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	331	33	gee	gee	NOUN
ger-324	331	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	331	35	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	331	36	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	331	37	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	331	38	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	331	39	heath	heath	PROPN
ger-324	331	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	331	41	1982	1982	NUM
ger-324	331	42	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	331	43	luke	luke	PROPN
ger-324	331	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	331	45	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	331	46	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	331	47	the	the	DET
ger-324	331	48	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	331	49	london	london	PROPN
ger-324	331	50	group	group	NOUN
ger-324	331	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	331	52	1996	1996	NUM
ger-324	331	53	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	331	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	332	1	central	central	ADJ
ger-324	332	2	to	to	ADP
ger-324	332	3	these	these	DET
ger-324	332	4	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	332	5	is	be	AUX
ger-324	332	6	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	332	7	an	an	DET
ger-324	332	8	alternative	alternative	NOUN
ger-324	332	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	332	10	ideological	ideological	ADJ
ger-324	332	11	model	model	NOUN
ger-324	332	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	332	13	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	332	14	[	[	X
ger-324	332	15	that	that	PRON
ger-324	332	16	]	]	PUNCT
ger-324	332	17	offers	offer	VERB
ger-324	332	18	a	a	DET
ger-324	332	19	more	more	ADV
ger-324	332	20	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-324	332	21	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ
ger-324	332	22	view	view	NOUN
ger-324	332	23	of	of	ADP
ger-324	332	24	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	332	25	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	332	26	as	as	SCONJ
ger-324	332	27	they	they	PRON
ger-324	332	28	vary	vary	VERB
ger-324	332	29	from	from	ADP
ger-324	332	30	one	one	NUM
ger-324	332	31	context	context	NOUN
ger-324	332	32	to	to	ADP
ger-324	332	33	another	another	PRON
ger-324	332	34	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	332	35	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	332	36	street	street	NOUN
ger-324	332	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	332	38	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	332	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	332	40	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	332	41	4	4	NUM
ger-324	332	42	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	332	43	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	333	1	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
ger-324	333	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	333	3	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	333	4	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	333	5	call	call	VERB
ger-324	333	6	for	for	SCONJ
ger-324	333	7	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	333	8	to	to	PART
ger-324	333	9	attend	attend	VERB
ger-324	333	10	to	to	ADP
ger-324	333	11	the	the	DET
ger-324	333	12	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	333	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	333	14	which	which	PRON
ger-324	333	15	power	power	NOUN
ger-324	333	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	17	privilege	privilege	NOUN
ger-324	333	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	333	20	context	context	NOUN
ger-324	333	21	shape	shape	NOUN
ger-324	333	22	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	333	23	people	people	NOUN
ger-324	333	24	conceive	conceive	VERB
ger-324	333	25	of	of	ADP
ger-324	333	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	333	27	use	use	VERB
ger-324	333	28	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	333	29	/	/	SYM
ger-324	333	30	literacies	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	333	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	32	as	as	ADV
ger-324	333	33	much	much	ADV
ger-324	333	34	as	as	SCONJ
ger-324	333	35	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	333	36	attend	attend	VERB
ger-324	333	37	to	to	ADP
ger-324	333	38	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	333	39	the	the	DET
ger-324	333	40	acts	act	NOUN
ger-324	333	41	of	of	ADP
ger-324	333	42	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	333	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	44	writing	writing	NOUN
ger-324	333	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	46	speaking	speak	VERB
ger-324	333	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	48	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	333	49	listening	listening	NOUN
ger-324	333	50	are	be	AUX
ger-324	333	51	taken	take	VERB
ger-324	333	52	up	up	ADP
ger-324	333	53	by	by	ADP
ger-324	333	54	any	any	DET
ger-324	333	55	one	one	NUM
ger-324	333	56	individual	individual	NOUN
ger-324	333	57	within	within	ADP
ger-324	333	58	any	any	DET
ger-324	333	59	one	one	NUM
ger-324	333	60	group	group	NOUN
ger-324	333	61	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	333	62	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	333	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	64	heath	heath	PROPN
ger-324	333	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	66	1982	1982	NUM
ger-324	333	67	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	333	68	perry	perry	NOUN
ger-324	333	69	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	70	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	333	71	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	333	72	street	street	NOUN
ger-324	333	73	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	333	74	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	333	75	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	333	76	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	334	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	334	2	spite	spite	NOUN
ger-324	334	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	334	4	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	334	5	that	that	PRON
ger-324	334	6	has	have	AUX
ger-324	334	7	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
ger-324	334	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	334	9	ideological	ideological	ADJ
ger-324	334	10	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-324	334	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	334	12	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	334	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	334	14	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	334	15	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	334	16	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	334	17	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	334	18	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ger-324	334	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	334	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	334	21	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	334	22	recently	recently	ADV
ger-324	334	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	334	24	the	the	DET
ger-324	334	25	adoption	adoption	NOUN
ger-324	334	26	of	of	ADP
ger-324	334	27	the	the	DET
ger-324	334	28	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	334	29	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	334	30	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	334	31	have	have	AUX
ger-324	334	32	equated	equate	VERB
ger-324	334	33	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	334	34	to	to	ADP
ger-324	334	35	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	334	36	performance	performance	NOUN
ger-324	334	37	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	334	38	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	334	39	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	334	40	maloch	maloch	PROPN
ger-324	334	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	334	42	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	334	43	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	334	44	botzakis	botzakis	PROPN
ger-324	334	45	et	et	PROPN
ger-324	334	46	al	al	PROPN
ger-324	334	47	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	334	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	334	49	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	334	50	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	334	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	334	52	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	334	53	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	334	54	the	the	DET
ger-324	334	55	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-324	334	56	to	to	PART
ger-324	334	57	read	read	VERB
ger-324	334	58	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	334	59	write	write	VERB
ger-324	334	60	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	334	61	compute	compute	VERB
ger-324	334	62	in	in	ADP
ger-324	334	63	the	the	DET
ger-324	334	64	form	form	NOUN
ger-324	334	65	taught	teach	VERB
ger-324	334	66	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	334	67	expected	expect	VERB
ger-324	334	68	in	in	ADP
ger-324	334	69	formal	formal	ADJ
ger-324	334	70	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	334	71	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	334	72	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	334	73	street	street	NOUN
ger-324	334	74	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	334	75	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	334	76	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	334	77	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	334	78	107	107	NUM
ger-324	334	79	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	334	80	citing	cite	VERB
ger-324	334	81	ogbu	ogbu	ADV
ger-324	334	82	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	334	83	1990	1990	NUM
ger-324	334	84	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	334	85	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	335	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	335	2	decontextualized	decontextualize	VERB
ger-324	335	3	approach	approach	NOUN
ger-324	335	4	to	to	ADP
ger-324	335	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	335	6	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	335	7	holds	hold	VERB
ger-324	335	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	335	9	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	335	10	to	to	PART
ger-324	335	11	read	read	VERB
ger-324	335	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	335	13	write	write	VERB
ger-324	335	14	is	be	AUX
ger-324	335	15	contingent	contingent	ADJ
ger-324	335	16	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-324	335	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	335	18	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
ger-324	335	19	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	335	20	the	the	DET
ger-324	335	21	code	code	NOUN
ger-324	335	22	of	of	ADP
ger-324	335	23	the	the	DET
ger-324	335	24	english	english	ADJ
ger-324	335	25	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	335	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	335	27	pearson	pearson	PROPN
ger-324	335	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	335	29	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	335	30	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	335	31	pressley	pressley	PROPN
ger-324	335	32	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	335	33	allington	allington	PROPN
ger-324	335	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	335	35	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	335	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	335	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	336	1	implicit	implicit	ADJ
ger-324	336	2	within	within	ADP
ger-324	336	3	this	this	DET
ger-324	336	4	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
ger-324	336	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	336	6	model	model	NOUN
ger-324	336	7	is	be	AUX
ger-324	336	8	an	an	DET
ger-324	336	9	assumption	assumption	NOUN
ger-324	336	10	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	336	11	there	there	PRON
ger-324	336	12	is	be	VERB
ger-324	336	13	a	a	DET
ger-324	336	14	right	right	ADJ
ger-324	336	15	way	way	NOUN
ger-324	336	16	to	to	PART
ger-324	336	17	interpret	interpret	VERB
ger-324	336	18	a	a	DET
ger-324	336	19	text	text	NOUN
ger-324	336	20	once	once	SCONJ
ger-324	336	21	it	it	PRON
ger-324	336	22	is	be	AUX
ger-324	336	23	decoded	decode	VERB
ger-324	336	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	337	1	one	one	NUM
ger-324	337	2	consequence	consequence	NOUN
ger-324	337	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	337	4	this	this	DET
ger-324	337	5	model	model	NOUN
ger-324	337	6	is	be	AUX
ger-324	337	7	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	337	8	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	337	9	come	come	VERB
ger-324	337	10	was	be	AUX
ger-324	337	11	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	337	12	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	337	13	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	337	14	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	338	1	69	69	NUM
ger-324	338	2	to	to	PART
ger-324	338	3	learn	learn	VERB
ger-324	338	4	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	338	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	338	6	most	most	ADV
ger-324	338	7	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	338	8	information	information	NOUN
ger-324	338	9	gleaned	glean	VERB
ger-324	338	10	from	from	ADP
ger-324	338	11	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	338	12	is	be	AUX
ger-324	338	13	located	locate	VERB
ger-324	338	14	within	within	ADP
ger-324	338	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	338	16	words	word	NOUN
ger-324	338	17	on	on	ADP
ger-324	338	18	the	the	DET
ger-324	338	19	page	page	NOUN
ger-324	338	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	338	21	not	not	PART
ger-324	338	22	the	the	DET
ger-324	338	23	responses	response	NOUN
ger-324	338	24	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	338	25	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	338	26	invokes	invoke	VERB
ger-324	338	27	within	within	ADP
ger-324	338	28	the	the	DET
ger-324	338	29	reader	reader	NOUN
ger-324	338	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	338	31	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	338	32	a	a	DET
ger-324	338	33	community	community	NOUN
ger-324	338	34	of	of	ADP
ger-324	338	35	readers	reader	NOUN
ger-324	338	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	338	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	339	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	339	2	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	339	3	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	339	4	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	339	5	are	be	AUX
ger-324	339	6	actually	actually	ADV
ger-324	339	7	more	more	ADV
ger-324	339	8	explicit	explicit	ADJ
ger-324	339	9	in	in	ADP
ger-324	339	10	this	this	DET
ger-324	339	11	regard	regard	NOUN
ger-324	339	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	339	13	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	339	14	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	339	15	maloch	maloch	PROPN
ger-324	339	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	339	17	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	339	18	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	339	19	yatvin	yatvin	NOUN
ger-324	339	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	339	21	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	339	22	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	339	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	340	1	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	340	2	have	have	AUX
ger-324	340	3	noted	note	VERB
ger-324	340	4	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	340	5	although	although	SCONJ
ger-324	340	6	developing	develop	VERB
ger-324	340	7	code	code	NOUN
ger-324	340	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	340	9	related	relate	VERB
ger-324	340	10	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	340	11	is	be	AUX
ger-324	340	12	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	340	13	for	for	ADP
ger-324	340	14	future	future	ADJ
ger-324	340	15	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	340	16	success	success	NOUN
ger-324	340	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	340	18	too	too	ADV
ger-324	340	19	much	much	ADJ
ger-324	340	20	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	340	21	in	in	ADP
ger-324	340	22	the	the	DET
ger-324	340	23	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	340	24	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-324	340	25	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	340	26	comes	come	VERB
ger-324	340	27	at	at	ADP
ger-324	340	28	the	the	DET
ger-324	340	29	expense	expense	NOUN
ger-324	340	30	of	of	ADP
ger-324	340	31	emphases	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	340	32	on	on	ADP
ger-324	340	33	the	the	DET
ger-324	340	34	oral	oral	ADJ
ger-324	340	35	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	340	36	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	340	37	of	of	ADP
ger-324	340	38	listening	listening	NOUN
ger-324	340	39	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	340	40	speaking	speaking	NOUN
ger-324	340	41	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	340	42	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	340	43	related	relate	VERB
ger-324	340	44	to	to	ADP
ger-324	340	45	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
ger-324	340	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	340	47	composition	composition	NOUN
ger-324	340	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	340	49	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	340	50	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
ger-324	340	51	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	340	52	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	340	53	paris	paris	PROPN
ger-324	340	54	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	340	55	luo	luo	PROPN
ger-324	340	56	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	340	57	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	340	58	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	340	59	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	340	60	316	316	NUM
ger-324	340	61	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	340	62	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	341	1	decontextualized	decontextualize	VERB
ger-324	341	2	code	code	NOUN
ger-324	341	3	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	341	4	based	base	VERB
ger-324	341	5	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	341	6	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	341	7	can	can	AUX
ger-324	341	8	be	be	AUX
ger-324	341	9	particularly	particularly	ADV
ger-324	341	10	detrimental	detrimental	ADJ
ger-324	341	11	for	for	ADP
ger-324	341	12	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	341	13	from	from	ADP
ger-324	341	14	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-324	341	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	341	16	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-324	341	17	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-324	341	18	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ger-324	341	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	341	20	for	for	ADP
ger-324	341	21	whom	whom	PRON
ger-324	341	22	skills	skill	VERB
ger-324	341	23	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	341	24	without	without	ADP
ger-324	341	25	a	a	DET
ger-324	341	26	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
ger-324	341	27	context	context	NOUN
ger-324	341	28	is	be	AUX
ger-324	341	29	not	not	PART
ger-324	341	30	only	only	ADV
ger-324	341	31	confusing	confusing	ADJ
ger-324	341	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	341	33	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	341	34	counterproductive	counterproductive	ADJ
ger-324	341	35	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	341	36	herrera	herrera	NOUN
ger-324	341	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	341	38	perez	perez	PROPN
ger-324	341	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	341	40	escamilla	escamilla	NOUN
ger-324	341	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	341	42	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	341	43	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	341	44	yoon	yoon	PROPN
ger-324	341	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	341	46	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	341	47	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	341	48	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	342	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ger-324	342	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	342	3	such	such	DET
ger-324	342	4	a	a	DET
ger-324	342	5	narrowly	narrowly	ADV
ger-324	342	6	prescriptive	prescriptive	ADJ
ger-324	342	7	response	response	NOUN
ger-324	342	8	to	to	ADP
ger-324	342	9	a	a	DET
ger-324	342	10	perceived	perceive	VERB
ger-324	342	11	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	342	12	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	342	13	problem	problem	NOUN
ger-324	342	14	overlooks	overlook	VERB
ger-324	342	15	a	a	DET
ger-324	342	16	great	great	ADJ
ger-324	342	17	deal	deal	NOUN
ger-324	342	18	of	of	ADP
ger-324	342	19	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	342	20	on	on	ADP
ger-324	342	21	the	the	DET
ger-324	342	22	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	342	23	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ger-324	342	24	of	of	ADP
ger-324	342	25	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	342	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	342	27	meaningmaking	meaningmake	VERB
ger-324	342	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	342	29	cochran	cochran	NOUN
ger-324	342	30	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	342	31	smith	smith	PROPN
ger-324	342	32	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	342	33	lytle	lytle	PROPN
ger-324	342	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	342	35	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	342	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	342	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	342	38	a	a	DET
ger-324	342	39	response	response	NOUN
ger-324	342	40	that	that	PRON
ger-324	342	41	may	may	AUX
ger-324	342	42	seem	seem	VERB
ger-324	342	43	surprising	surprising	ADJ
ger-324	342	44	given	give	VERB
ger-324	342	45	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	342	46	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	342	47	no	no	DET
ger-324	342	48	field	field	NOUN
ger-324	342	49	has	have	AUX
ger-324	342	50	witnessed	witness	VERB
ger-324	342	51	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	342	52	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
ger-324	342	53	/	/	SYM
ger-324	342	54	consensus	consensus	NOUN
ger-324	342	55	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	342	56	seeking	seek	VERB
ger-324	342	57	efforts	effort	NOUN
ger-324	342	58	[	[	PUNCT
ger-324	342	59	by	by	ADP
ger-324	342	60	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	342	61	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	342	62	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	342	63	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	342	64	makers	maker	NOUN
ger-324	342	65	]	]	PUNCT
ger-324	342	66	than	than	ADP
ger-324	342	67	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	342	68	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	342	69	particularly	particularly	ADV
ger-324	342	70	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	342	71	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	342	72	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	342	73	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	342	74	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	342	75	pearson	pearson	PROPN
ger-324	342	76	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	342	77	hiebert	hiebert	PROPN
ger-324	342	78	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	342	79	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	342	80	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	342	81	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	342	82	286	286	NUM
ger-324	342	83	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	342	84	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	343	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	343	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ger-324	343	3	to	to	ADP
ger-324	343	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	343	5	overemphasis	overemphasis	NOUN
ger-324	343	6	on	on	ADP
ger-324	343	7	decontextualized	decontextualize	VERB
ger-324	343	8	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	343	9	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	343	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	343	11	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	343	12	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	343	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	343	14	yoon	yoon	PROPN
ger-324	343	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	343	16	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	343	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	343	18	found	find	VERB
ger-324	343	19	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	343	20	the	the	DET
ger-324	343	21	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	343	22	data	datum	NOUN
ger-324	343	23	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	343	24	used	use	VERB
ger-324	343	25	were	be	AUX
ger-324	343	26	based	base	VERB
ger-324	343	27	on	on	ADP
ger-324	343	28	conceptualizations	conceptualization	NOUN
ger-324	343	29	of	of	ADP
ger-324	343	30	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	343	31	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	343	32	as	as	ADP
ger-324	343	33	a	a	DET
ger-324	343	34	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-324	343	35	path	path	NOUN
ger-324	343	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	344	1	such	such	ADJ
ger-324	344	2	data	datum	NOUN
ger-324	344	3	is	be	AUX
ger-324	344	4	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
ger-324	344	5	reductionist	reductionist	ADJ
ger-324	344	6	in	in	ADP
ger-324	344	7	view	view	NOUN
ger-324	344	8	because	because	SCONJ
ger-324	344	9	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	344	10	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	344	11	assessments	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	344	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	344	13	norm	norm	NOUN
ger-324	344	14	referenced	reference	VERB
ger-324	344	15	tests	test	NOUN
ger-324	344	16	simplify	simplify	VERB
ger-324	344	17	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	344	18	to	to	ADP
ger-324	344	19	its	its	PRON
ger-324	344	20	basic	basic	ADJ
ger-324	344	21	parts	part	NOUN
ger-324	344	22	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	344	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	344	24	yoon	yoon	PROPN
ger-324	344	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	344	26	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	344	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	344	28	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	344	29	390	390	NUM
ger-324	344	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	344	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	345	1	paris	paris	PROPN
ger-324	345	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	345	3	hoffman	hoffman	PROPN
ger-324	345	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	345	5	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	345	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	345	7	have	have	AUX
ger-324	345	8	criticized	criticize	VERB
ger-324	345	9	a	a	DET
ger-324	345	10	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	345	11	one	one	NUM
ger-324	345	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	345	13	test	test	NOUN
ger-324	345	14	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	345	15	fits	fit	VERB
ger-324	345	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	345	17	all	all	DET
ger-324	345	18	approach	approach	NOUN
ger-324	345	19	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	345	20	to	to	ADP
ger-324	345	21	assessing	assess	VERB
ger-324	345	22	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	345	23	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	345	24	because	because	SCONJ
ger-324	345	25	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	345	26	a	a	DET
ger-324	345	27	single	single	ADJ
ger-324	345	28	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	345	29	can	can	AUX
ger-324	345	30	not	not	PART
ger-324	345	31	adequately	adequately	ADV
ger-324	345	32	represent	represent	VERB
ger-324	345	33	the	the	DET
ger-324	345	34	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ger-324	345	35	of	of	ADP
ger-324	345	36	a	a	DET
ger-324	345	37	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	345	38	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	345	39	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	345	40	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	345	41	…	…	PUNCT
ger-324	345	42	[and	[and	X
ger-324	345	43	]	]	X
ger-324	345	44	a	a	DET
ger-324	345	45	single	single	ADJ
ger-324	345	46	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	345	47	can	can	AUX
ger-324	345	48	not	not	PART
ger-324	345	49	capture	capture	VERB
ger-324	345	50	the	the	DET
ger-324	345	51	variety	variety	NOUN
ger-324	345	52	of	of	ADP
ger-324	345	53	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	345	54	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	345	55	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	345	56	levels	level	NOUN
ger-324	345	57	of	of	ADP
ger-324	345	58	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	345	59	in	in	ADP
ger-324	345	60	most	most	ADJ
ger-324	345	61	k–3	k–3	NOUN
ger-324	345	62	classes	class	NOUN
ger-324	345	63	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	345	64	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	345	65	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	345	66	205	205	NUM
ger-324	345	67	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	345	68	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	346	1	adding	add	VERB
ger-324	346	2	to	to	ADP
ger-324	346	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	346	4	problem	problem	NOUN
ger-324	346	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	346	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	346	7	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	346	8	in	in	ADP
ger-324	346	9	which	which	PRON
ger-324	346	10	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	346	11	data	datum	NOUN
ger-324	346	12	are	be	AUX
ger-324	346	13	used	use	VERB
ger-324	346	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	346	15	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	346	16	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	346	17	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	346	18	can	can	AUX
ger-324	346	19	prove	prove	VERB
ger-324	346	20	troublesome	troublesome	ADJ
ger-324	346	21	for	for	ADP
ger-324	346	22	those	those	PRON
ger-324	346	23	concerned	concern	VERB
ger-324	346	24	with	with	ADP
ger-324	346	25	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	346	26	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-324	346	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	347	1	since	since	SCONJ
ger-324	347	2	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	347	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	347	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	347	5	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	347	6	use	use	NOUN
ger-324	347	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	347	8	standardized	standardized	ADJ
ger-324	347	9	assessments	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	347	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	347	11	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	347	12	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	347	13	has	have	AUX
ger-324	347	14	arguably	arguably	ADV
ger-324	347	15	led	lead	VERB
ger-324	347	16	to	to	ADP
ger-324	347	17	an	an	DET
ger-324	347	18	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	347	19	use	use	NOUN
ger-324	347	20	of	of	ADP
ger-324	347	21	homogenous	homogenous	ADJ
ger-324	347	22	grouping	grouping	NOUN
ger-324	347	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	347	24	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-324	347	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	347	26	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-324	347	27	grouping	grouping	NOUN
ger-324	347	28	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	347	29	to	to	PART
ger-324	347	30	provide	provide	VERB
ger-324	347	31	at	at	ADP
ger-324	347	32	least	least	ADJ
ger-324	347	33	a	a	PRON
ger-324	347	34	portion	portion	NOUN
ger-324	347	35	of	of	ADP
ger-324	347	36	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	347	37	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	347	38	daily	daily	ADJ
ger-324	347	39	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	347	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	348	1	catsambis	catsambis	PROPN
ger-324	348	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	348	3	buttaro	buttaro	NOUN
ger-324	348	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	348	5	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	348	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	348	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	348	8	who	who	PRON
ger-324	348	9	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ger-324	348	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	348	11	psycho	psycho	NOUN
ger-324	348	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	348	13	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	348	14	aspects	aspect	NOUN
ger-324	348	15	of	of	ADP
ger-324	348	16	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-324	348	17	grouping	grouping	NOUN
ger-324	348	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	348	19	have	have	AUX
ger-324	348	20	noted	note	VERB
ger-324	348	21	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	348	22	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	348	23	[	[	X
ger-324	348	24	our	our	PRON
ger-324	348	25	]	]	X
ger-324	348	26	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-324	348	27	support	support	VERB
ger-324	348	28	what	what	PRON
ger-324	348	29	skeptics	skeptic	NOUN
ger-324	348	30	of	of	ADP
ger-324	348	31	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-324	348	32	grouping	grouping	NOUN
ger-324	348	33	have	have	AUX
ger-324	348	34	said	say	VERB
ger-324	348	35	all	all	ADV
ger-324	348	36	along	along	ADV
ger-324	348	37	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	348	38	that	that	DET
ger-324	348	39	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-324	348	40	grouping	group	VERB
ger-324	348	41	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ger-324	348	42	only	only	ADV
ger-324	348	43	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	348	44	in	in	ADP
ger-324	348	45	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	348	46	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-324	348	47	groups	group	NOUN
ger-324	348	48	…	…	PUNCT
ger-324	348	49	the	the	DET
ger-324	348	50	psycho	psycho	NOUN
ger-324	348	51	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	348	52	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	348	53	effects	effect	NOUN
ger-324	348	54	of	of	ADP
ger-324	348	55	this	this	DET
ger-324	348	56	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-324	348	57	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	348	58	can	can	AUX
ger-324	348	59	actually	actually	ADV
ger-324	348	60	contribute	contribute	VERB
ger-324	348	61	to	to	ADP
ger-324	348	62	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	348	63	gaps	gap	NOUN
ger-324	348	64	by	by	ADP
ger-324	348	65	race	race	NOUN
ger-324	348	66	/	/	SYM
ger-324	348	67	ethnicity	ethnicity	NOUN
ger-324	348	68	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	348	69	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
ger-324	348	70	status	status	NOUN
ger-324	348	71	that	that	PRON
ger-324	348	72	tend	tend	VERB
ger-324	348	73	to	to	PART
ger-324	348	74	increase	increase	VERB
ger-324	348	75	as	as	SCONJ
ger-324	348	76	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	348	77	move	move	VERB
ger-324	348	78	from	from	ADP
ger-324	348	79	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	348	80	to	to	ADP
ger-324	348	81	the	the	DET
ger-324	348	82	third	third	ADJ
ger-324	348	83	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	348	84	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	348	85	citing	cite	VERB
ger-324	348	86	tach	tach	NOUN
ger-324	348	87	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	348	88	farkas	farkas	PROPN
ger-324	348	89	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	348	90	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	348	91	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	348	92	fryer	fryer	NOUN
ger-324	348	93	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	348	94	levitt	levitt	PROPN
ger-324	348	95	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	348	96	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	348	97	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	349	1	thus	thus	ADV
ger-324	349	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	349	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	349	4	on	on	ADP
ger-324	349	5	changes	change	NOUN
ger-324	349	6	in	in	ADP
ger-324	349	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	349	8	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	349	9	post	post	ADJ
ger-324	349	10	-	-	ADJ
ger-324	349	11	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	349	12	paints	paint	VERB
ger-324	349	13	a	a	DET
ger-324	349	14	troubling	troubling	ADJ
ger-324	349	15	picture	picture	NOUN
ger-324	349	16	for	for	ADP
ger-324	349	17	all	all	DET
ger-324	349	18	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	349	19	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	349	20	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	349	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	349	22	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	349	23	especially	especially	ADV
ger-324	349	24	those	those	PRON
ger-324	349	25	who	who	PRON
ger-324	349	26	work	work	VERB
ger-324	349	27	with	with	ADP
ger-324	349	28	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	349	29	from	from	ADP
ger-324	349	30	low	low	ADJ
ger-324	349	31	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	349	32	income	income	NOUN
ger-324	349	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	349	34	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-324	349	35	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	349	36	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-324	349	37	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-324	349	38	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ger-324	349	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	350	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	350	2	proponents	proponent	NOUN
ger-324	350	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	350	4	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	350	5	may	may	AUX
ger-324	350	6	have	have	AUX
ger-324	350	7	argued	argue	VERB
ger-324	350	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	350	9	these	these	PRON
ger-324	350	10	are	be	AUX
ger-324	350	11	the	the	DET
ger-324	350	12	very	very	ADJ
ger-324	350	13	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	350	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	350	15	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	350	16	intended	intend	VERB
ger-324	350	17	to	to	PART
ger-324	350	18	support	support	VERB
ger-324	350	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	350	20	observations	observation	NOUN
ger-324	350	21	of	of	ADP
ger-324	350	22	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	350	23	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	350	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	350	25	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-324	350	26	of	of	ADP
ger-324	350	27	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	350	28	data	datum	NOUN
ger-324	350	29	in	in	ADP
ger-324	350	30	the	the	DET
ger-324	350	31	wake	wake	NOUN
ger-324	350	32	of	of	ADP
ger-324	350	33	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	350	34	suggest	suggest	VERB
ger-324	350	35	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
ger-324	350	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	351	1	if	if	SCONJ
ger-324	351	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	351	3	was	be	AUX
ger-324	351	4	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	351	5	behind	behind	ADP
ger-324	351	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	351	7	where	where	SCONJ
ger-324	351	8	do	do	AUX
ger-324	351	9	we	we	PRON
ger-324	351	10	go	go	VERB
ger-324	351	11	from	from	ADP
ger-324	351	12	here	here	ADV
ger-324	351	13	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	352	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	352	2	her	her	PRON
ger-324	352	3	history	history	NOUN
ger-324	352	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	352	5	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	352	6	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	352	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	352	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	352	9	beatty	beatty	PROPN
ger-324	352	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	352	11	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	352	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	352	13	noted	note	VERB
ger-324	352	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	352	15	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	352	16	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	352	17	tends	tend	VERB
ger-324	352	18	to	to	PART
ger-324	352	19	go	go	VERB
ger-324	352	20	through	through	ADP
ger-324	352	21	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ger-324	352	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	352	23	pushing	push	VERB
ger-324	352	24	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	352	25	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	352	26	too	too	ADV
ger-324	352	27	hard	hard	ADJ
ger-324	352	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	352	29	too	too	ADV
ger-324	352	30	fast	fast	ADV
ger-324	352	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	352	32	then	then	ADV
ger-324	352	33	letting	let	VERB
ger-324	352	34	up	up	ADP
ger-324	352	35	again	again	ADV
ger-324	352	36	in	in	ADP
ger-324	352	37	response	response	NOUN
ger-324	352	38	to	to	ADP
ger-324	352	39	adult	adult	NOUN
ger-324	352	40	concerns	concern	NOUN
ger-324	352	41	’’	’'	PUNCT
ger-324	352	42	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	352	43	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	352	44	205	205	NUM
ger-324	352	45	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	352	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	353	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	353	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	353	3	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	353	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	353	5	we	we	PRON
ger-324	353	6	may	may	AUX
ger-324	353	7	be	be	AUX
ger-324	353	8	at	at	ADP
ger-324	353	9	a	a	DET
ger-324	353	10	crossroads	crossroad	NOUN
ger-324	353	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	353	12	a	a	DET
ger-324	353	13	point	point	NOUN
ger-324	353	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	353	15	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	353	16	when	when	SCONJ
ger-324	353	17	was	be	AUX
ger-324	353	18	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	353	19	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	353	20	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	353	21	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	354	1	70	70	NUM
ger-324	354	2	we	we	PRON
ger-324	354	3	must	must	AUX
ger-324	354	4	decide	decide	VERB
ger-324	354	5	just	just	ADV
ger-324	354	6	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	354	7	much	much	ADJ
ger-324	354	8	we	we	PRON
ger-324	354	9	are	be	AUX
ger-324	354	10	willing	willing	ADJ
ger-324	354	11	to	to	PART
ger-324	354	12	let	let	VERB
ger-324	354	13	up	up	ADP
ger-324	354	14	when	when	SCONJ
ger-324	354	15	it	it	PRON
ger-324	354	16	comes	come	VERB
ger-324	354	17	to	to	ADP
ger-324	354	18	demanding	demand	VERB
ger-324	354	19	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	354	20	all	all	DET
ger-324	354	21	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	354	22	meet	meet	VERB
ger-324	354	23	higher	high	ADJ
ger-324	354	24	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	354	25	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	354	26	if	if	SCONJ
ger-324	354	27	we	we	PRON
ger-324	354	28	also	also	ADV
ger-324	354	29	insist	insist	VERB
ger-324	354	30	they	they	PRON
ger-324	354	31	be	be	AUX
ger-324	354	32	taught	teach	VERB
ger-324	354	33	in	in	ADP
ger-324	354	34	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	354	35	that	that	PRON
ger-324	354	36	reflect	reflect	VERB
ger-324	354	37	their	their	PRON
ger-324	354	38	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	354	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	354	40	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-324	354	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	354	42	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	354	43	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
ger-324	354	44	needs	need	NOUN
ger-324	354	45	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	354	46	abilities	ability	NOUN
ger-324	354	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	355	1	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
ger-324	355	2	we	we	PRON
ger-324	355	3	need	need	VERB
ger-324	355	4	to	to	PART
ger-324	355	5	forge	forge	VERB
ger-324	355	6	a	a	DET
ger-324	355	7	more	more	ADV
ger-324	355	8	expansive	expansive	ADJ
ger-324	355	9	trail	trail	NOUN
ger-324	355	10	that	that	PRON
ger-324	355	11	considers	consider	VERB
ger-324	355	12	not	not	PART
ger-324	355	13	only	only	ADV
ger-324	355	14	what	what	PRON
ger-324	355	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	355	16	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	355	17	our	our	PRON
ger-324	355	18	youngest	young	ADJ
ger-324	355	19	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	355	20	are	be	AUX
ger-324	355	21	taught	teach	VERB
ger-324	355	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	355	23	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	355	24	why	why	SCONJ
ger-324	355	25	we	we	PRON
ger-324	355	26	send	send	VERB
ger-324	355	27	them	they	PRON
ger-324	355	28	to	to	ADP
ger-324	355	29	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	355	30	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	355	31	in	in	ADP
ger-324	355	32	the	the	DET
ger-324	355	33	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	355	34	place	place	NOUN
ger-324	355	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	356	1	such	such	ADJ
ger-324	356	2	considerations	consideration	NOUN
ger-324	356	3	will	will	AUX
ger-324	356	4	help	help	VERB
ger-324	356	5	to	to	PART
ger-324	356	6	reveal	reveal	VERB
ger-324	356	7	whose	whose	DET
ger-324	356	8	interests	interest	NOUN
ger-324	356	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	356	10	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-324	356	11	are	be	AUX
ger-324	356	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	356	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	356	14	are	be	AUX
ger-324	356	15	not	not	PART
ger-324	356	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	356	17	serving	serve	VERB
ger-324	356	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	357	1	as	as	SCONJ
ger-324	357	2	russell	russell	PROPN
ger-324	357	3	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	357	4	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	357	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	357	6	has	have	AUX
ger-324	357	7	noted	note	VERB
ger-324	357	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	357	9	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	357	10	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	357	11	are	be	AUX
ger-324	357	12	embedded	embed	VERB
ger-324	357	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	357	14	a	a	DET
ger-324	357	15	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-324	357	16	environment	environment	NOUN
ger-324	357	17	where	where	SCONJ
ger-324	357	18	ideas	idea	NOUN
ger-324	357	19	are	be	AUX
ger-324	357	20	publicly	publicly	ADV
ger-324	357	21	framed	frame	VERB
ger-324	357	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	357	23	debated	debate	VERB
ger-324	357	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	357	25	shaping	shape	VERB
ger-324	357	26	parental	parental	ADJ
ger-324	357	27	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-324	357	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	357	29	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
ger-324	357	30	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	357	31	rulemaking	rulemaking	NOUN
ger-324	357	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	357	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	357	34	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
ger-324	357	35	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	357	36	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	357	37	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-324	357	38	about	about	ADP
ger-324	357	39	what	what	PRON
ger-324	357	40	constitutes	constitute	VERB
ger-324	357	41	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ
ger-324	357	42	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-324	357	43	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	357	44	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	357	45	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	357	46	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	357	47	259	259	NUM
ger-324	357	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	357	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	358	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	358	2	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	358	3	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	358	4	supports	support	VERB
ger-324	358	5	such	such	DET
ger-324	358	6	an	an	DET
ger-324	358	7	insight	insight	NOUN
ger-324	358	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	359	1	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	359	2	has	have	VERB
ger-324	359	3	yet	yet	ADV
ger-324	359	4	to	to	PART
ger-324	359	5	offer	offer	VERB
ger-324	359	6	definitive	definitive	ADJ
ger-324	359	7	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
ger-324	359	8	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	359	9	even	even	ADV
ger-324	359	10	provide	provide	VERB
ger-324	359	11	universal	universal	ADJ
ger-324	359	12	examples	example	NOUN
ger-324	359	13	of	of	ADP
ger-324	359	14	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	359	15	kindergarteners	kindergartener	NOUN
ger-324	359	16	might	might	AUX
ger-324	359	17	best	well	ADV
ger-324	359	18	be	be	AUX
ger-324	359	19	instructed	instruct	VERB
ger-324	359	20	because	because	SCONJ
ger-324	359	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	359	22	of	of	ADP
ger-324	359	23	course	course	NOUN
ger-324	359	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	359	25	the	the	DET
ger-324	359	26	question	question	NOUN
ger-324	359	27	echoed	echo	VERB
ger-324	359	28	in	in	ADP
ger-324	359	29	the	the	DET
ger-324	359	30	epigraph	epigraph	NOUN
ger-324	359	31	of	of	ADP
ger-324	359	32	this	this	DET
ger-324	359	33	article	article	NOUN
ger-324	359	34	remains	remain	VERB
ger-324	359	35	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	359	36	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	359	37	best	good	ADJ
ger-324	359	38	for	for	ADP
ger-324	359	39	what	what	PRON
ger-324	359	40	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	359	41	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	360	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	360	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	360	3	i	i	PRON
ger-324	360	4	would	would	AUX
ger-324	360	5	add	add	VERB
ger-324	360	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	360	7	best	good	ADJ
ger-324	360	8	for	for	ADP
ger-324	360	9	whom	whom	PRON
ger-324	360	10	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	360	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	361	1	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	361	2	must	must	AUX
ger-324	361	3	devote	devote	VERB
ger-324	361	4	increased	increase	VERB
ger-324	361	5	attention	attention	NOUN
ger-324	361	6	to	to	ADP
ger-324	361	7	studying	study	VERB
ger-324	361	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	361	9	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	361	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	361	11	which	which	PRON
ger-324	361	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	361	13	’	’	PART
ger-324	361	14	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	361	15	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	361	16	represent	represent	VERB
ger-324	361	17	their	their	PRON
ger-324	361	18	response	response	NOUN
ger-324	361	19	to	to	ADP
ger-324	361	20	such	such	ADJ
ger-324	361	21	questions	question	NOUN
ger-324	361	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	361	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	361	24	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	361	25	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	361	26	might	might	AUX
ger-324	361	27	support	support	VERB
ger-324	361	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	361	29	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ger-324	361	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	361	31	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-324	361	32	shift	shift	VERB
ger-324	361	33	this	this	DET
ger-324	361	34	response	response	NOUN
ger-324	361	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	362	1	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
ger-324	362	2	then	then	ADV
ger-324	362	3	must	must	AUX
ger-324	362	4	use	use	VERB
ger-324	362	5	this	this	DET
ger-324	362	6	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	362	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	362	8	informed	inform	VERB
ger-324	362	9	by	by	ADP
ger-324	362	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	362	11	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	362	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	362	13	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	362	14	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	362	15	practitioners	practitioner	NOUN
ger-324	362	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	362	17	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	362	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	362	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	362	20	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	362	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	362	22	when	when	SCONJ
ger-324	362	23	designing	design	VERB
ger-324	362	24	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-324	362	25	that	that	PRON
ger-324	362	26	impact	impact	VERB
ger-324	362	27	our	our	PRON
ger-324	362	28	youngest	young	ADJ
ger-324	362	29	learners	learner	NOUN
ger-324	362	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	363	1	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-324	363	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	363	3	minded	minded	ADJ
ger-324	363	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	363	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	363	6	makers	maker	NOUN
ger-324	363	7	would	would	AUX
ger-324	363	8	be	be	AUX
ger-324	363	9	wise	wise	ADJ
ger-324	363	10	to	to	PART
ger-324	363	11	recognize	recognize	VERB
ger-324	363	12	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	363	13	our	our	PRON
ger-324	363	14	seemingly	seemingly	ADV
ger-324	363	15	relentless	relentless	ADJ
ger-324	363	16	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	363	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	363	18	global	global	ADJ
ger-324	363	19	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-324	363	20	on	on	ADP
ger-324	363	21	standardization	standardization	NOUN
ger-324	363	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	363	23	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	363	24	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	363	25	stakes	stake	NOUN
ger-324	363	26	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	363	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	363	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	363	29	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	363	30	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	363	31	future	future	ADJ
ger-324	363	32	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-324	363	33	productivity	productivity	NOUN
ger-324	363	34	have	have	AUX
ger-324	363	35	only	only	ADV
ger-324	363	36	further	far	ADV
ger-324	363	37	extended	extend	VERB
ger-324	363	38	the	the	DET
ger-324	363	39	distance	distance	NOUN
ger-324	363	40	between	between	ADP
ger-324	363	41	the	the	DET
ger-324	363	42	have	have	NOUN
ger-324	363	43	’s	’s	NOUN
ger-324	363	44	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	363	45	have	have	AUX
ger-324	363	46	not	not	PART
ger-324	363	47	’s	’	VERB
ger-324	363	48	in	in	ADP
ger-324	363	49	our	our	PRON
ger-324	363	50	society	society	NOUN
ger-324	363	51	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	364	1	this	this	DET
ger-324	364	2	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	364	3	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	364	4	reveals	reveal	VERB
ger-324	364	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	364	6	complicated	complicated	ADJ
ger-324	364	7	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-324	364	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	364	9	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	364	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	364	11	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	364	12	in	in	ADP
ger-324	364	13	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	364	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	364	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	364	16	wake	wake	NOUN
ger-324	364	17	of	of	ADP
ger-324	364	18	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	364	19	;	;	PUNCT
ger-324	364	20	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	364	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	364	22	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
ger-324	364	23	alike	alike	ADV
ger-324	364	24	must	must	AUX
ger-324	364	25	recognize	recognize	VERB
ger-324	364	26	this	this	DET
ger-324	364	27	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ger-324	364	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	365	1	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	365	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	365	3	are	be	AUX
ger-324	365	4	faced	face	VERB
ger-324	365	5	with	with	ADP
ger-324	365	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	365	7	challenging	challenging	ADJ
ger-324	365	8	task	task	NOUN
ger-324	365	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	365	10	meeting	meet	VERB
ger-324	365	11	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	365	12	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	365	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	365	14	nurturing	nurture	VERB
ger-324	365	15	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	365	16	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	365	17	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	365	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	365	19	emotional	emotional	ADJ
ger-324	365	20	needs	need	NOUN
ger-324	365	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	365	22	while	while	SCONJ
ger-324	365	23	also	also	ADV
ger-324	365	24	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-324	365	25	in	in	ADP
ger-324	365	26	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	365	27	that	that	PRON
ger-324	365	28	are	be	AUX
ger-324	365	29	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-324	365	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	365	31	linguistically	linguistically	ADV
ger-324	365	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	365	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	365	34	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	365	35	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-324	365	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	366	1	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	366	2	arrive	arrive	VERB
ger-324	366	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	366	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	366	5	eager	eager	ADJ
ger-324	366	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	366	7	willing	willing	ADJ
ger-324	366	8	to	to	PART
ger-324	366	9	learn	learn	VERB
ger-324	366	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	366	11	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	366	12	with	with	ADP
ger-324	366	13	vastly	vastly	ADV
ger-324	366	14	different	different	ADJ
ger-324	366	15	experiences	experience	NOUN
ger-324	366	16	that	that	PRON
ger-324	366	17	may	may	AUX
ger-324	366	18	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	366	19	may	may	AUX
ger-324	366	20	not	not	PART
ger-324	366	21	have	have	AUX
ger-324	366	22	prepared	prepare	VERB
ger-324	366	23	them	they	PRON
ger-324	366	24	for	for	ADP
ger-324	366	25	the	the	DET
ger-324	366	26	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	366	27	context	context	NOUN
ger-324	366	28	within	within	ADP
ger-324	366	29	which	which	PRON
ger-324	366	30	they	they	PRON
ger-324	366	31	find	find	VERB
ger-324	366	32	themselves	themselves	PRON
ger-324	366	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	367	1	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	367	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	367	3	families	family	NOUN
ger-324	367	4	want	want	VERB
ger-324	367	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	367	6	best	good	ADJ
ger-324	367	7	for	for	ADP
ger-324	367	8	their	their	PRON
ger-324	367	9	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	367	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	367	11	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	367	12	unless	unless	SCONJ
ger-324	367	13	they	they	PRON
ger-324	367	14	are	be	AUX
ger-324	367	15	well	well	ADV
ger-324	367	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	367	17	versed	verse	VERB
ger-324	367	18	in	in	ADP
ger-324	367	19	the	the	DET
ger-324	367	20	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	367	21	on	on	ADP
ger-324	367	22	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	367	23	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	367	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	367	25	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	367	26	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	367	27	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	367	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	367	29	they	they	PRON
ger-324	367	30	must	must	AUX
ger-324	367	31	rely	rely	VERB
ger-324	367	32	on	on	ADP
ger-324	367	33	information	information	NOUN
ger-324	367	34	provided	provide	VERB
ger-324	367	35	by	by	ADP
ger-324	367	36	others	other	NOUN
ger-324	367	37	in	in	ADP
ger-324	367	38	order	order	NOUN
ger-324	367	39	to	to	PART
ger-324	367	40	make	make	VERB
ger-324	367	41	most	most	ADJ
ger-324	367	42	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	367	43	decisions	decision	NOUN
ger-324	367	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	368	1	many	many	ADJ
ger-324	368	2	educators	educator	NOUN
ger-324	368	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	368	4	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	368	5	—	—	PUNCT
ger-324	368	6	myself	myself	PRON
ger-324	368	7	included	include	VERB
ger-324	368	8	—	—	PUNCT
ger-324	368	9	would	would	AUX
ger-324	368	10	agree	agree	VERB
ger-324	368	11	that	that	SCONJ
ger-324	368	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	368	13	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	368	14	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	368	15	into	into	ADP
ger-324	368	16	which	which	PRON
ger-324	368	17	today	today	NOUN
ger-324	368	18	’s	’	VERB
ger-324	368	19	five	five	NUM
ger-324	368	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	368	21	six	six	NUM
ger-324	368	22	year	year	NOUN
ger-324	368	23	olds	old	NOUN
ger-324	368	24	walk	walk	VERB
ger-324	368	25	looks	look	NOUN
ger-324	368	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	368	27	feels	feel	VERB
ger-324	368	28	very	very	ADV
ger-324	368	29	different	different	ADJ
ger-324	368	30	from	from	ADP
ger-324	368	31	the	the	DET
ger-324	368	32	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	368	33	of	of	ADP
ger-324	368	34	decades	decade	NOUN
ger-324	368	35	past	past	ADV
ger-324	368	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	369	1	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-324	369	2	these	these	DET
ger-324	369	3	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-324	369	4	are	be	AUX
ger-324	369	5	for	for	ADP
ger-324	369	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	369	7	better	well	ADJ
ger-324	369	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	369	9	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	369	10	for	for	ADP
ger-324	369	11	the	the	DET
ger-324	369	12	worse	bad	ADJ
ger-324	369	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	369	14	depends	depend	VERB
ger-324	369	15	on	on	ADP
ger-324	369	16	who	who	PRON
ger-324	369	17	you	you	PRON
ger-324	369	18	ask	ask	VERB
ger-324	369	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	370	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
ger-324	370	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	370	3	understanding	understand	VERB
ger-324	370	4	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	370	5	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	370	6	might	might	AUX
ger-324	370	7	better	well	ADV
ger-324	370	8	serve	serve	VERB
ger-324	370	9	all	all	DET
ger-324	370	10	learners	learner	NOUN
ger-324	370	11	has	have	VERB
ger-324	370	12	utility	utility	NOUN
ger-324	370	13	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-324	370	14	helping	help	VERB
ger-324	370	15	to	to	PART
ger-324	370	16	resolve	resolve	VERB
ger-324	370	17	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-324	370	18	in	in	ADP
ger-324	370	19	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	370	20	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	370	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	370	22	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	370	23	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	370	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	370	25	researchers	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	370	26	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	370	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	370	28	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
ger-324	370	29	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
ger-324	370	30	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	370	31	ideological	ideological	ADJ
ger-324	370	32	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	370	33	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
ger-324	370	34	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-324	370	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	371	1	debates	debate	NOUN
ger-324	371	2	centered	center	VERB
ger-324	371	3	on	on	ADP
ger-324	371	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	371	5	are	be	AUX
ger-324	371	6	always	always	ADV
ger-324	371	7	personal	personal	ADJ
ger-324	371	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	371	9	because	because	SCONJ
ger-324	371	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	371	11	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ger-324	371	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	371	13	ill	ill	ADV
ger-324	371	14	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	371	15	informed	inform	VERB
ger-324	371	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	371	17	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-324	371	18	land	land	VERB
ger-324	371	19	squarely	squarely	ADV
ger-324	371	20	on	on	ADP
ger-324	371	21	the	the	DET
ger-324	371	22	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN
ger-324	371	23	of	of	ADP
ger-324	371	24	our	our	PRON
ger-324	371	25	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	371	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	372	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	372	2	other	other	ADJ
ger-324	372	3	words	word	NOUN
ger-324	372	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	372	5	focusing	focus	VERB
ger-324	372	6	future	future	ADJ
ger-324	372	7	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	372	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	372	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	372	10	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	372	11	decisions	decision	NOUN
ger-324	372	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	372	13	on	on	ADP
ger-324	372	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	372	15	questions	question	NOUN
ger-324	372	16	of	of	ADP
ger-324	372	17	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	372	18	best	good	ADJ
ger-324	372	19	for	for	ADP
ger-324	372	20	whom	whom	PRON
ger-324	372	21	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	372	22	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	372	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	372	24	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	372	25	best	good	ADJ
ger-324	372	26	for	for	ADP
ger-324	372	27	what	what	PRON
ger-324	372	28	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	372	29	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	372	30	is	be	AUX
ger-324	372	31	not	not	PART
ger-324	372	32	only	only	ADV
ger-324	372	33	important	important	ADJ
ger-324	372	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	372	35	but	but	CCONJ
ger-324	372	36	essential	essential	ADJ
ger-324	372	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	373	1	references	reference	NOUN
ger-324	373	2	alford	alford	PROPN
ger-324	373	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	373	4	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	373	5	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	373	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	373	7	rollins	rollins	PROPN
ger-324	373	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	373	9	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	373	10	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	373	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	373	12	padrón	padrón	PROPN
ger-324	373	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	373	14	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-324	373	15	n.	n.	PROPN
ger-324	373	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	373	17	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	373	18	waxman	waxman	PROPN
ger-324	373	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	373	20	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	373	21	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	373	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	373	23	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	373	24	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	373	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	374	1	using	use	VERB
ger-324	374	2	systematic	systematic	ADJ
ger-324	374	3	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	374	4	observation	observation	NOUN
ger-324	374	5	to	to	PART
ger-324	374	6	explore	explore	VERB
ger-324	374	7	student	student	NOUN
ger-324	374	8	engagement	engagement	NOUN
ger-324	374	9	as	as	ADP
ger-324	374	10	a	a	DET
ger-324	374	11	function	function	NOUN
ger-324	374	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	374	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	374	14	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	374	15	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	374	16	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	374	17	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-324	374	18	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	374	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	374	20	daip	daip	PROPN
ger-324	374	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	374	22	in	in	ADP
ger-324	374	23	ethnically	ethnically	ADV
ger-324	374	24	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-324	374	25	prekindergarten	prekindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	374	26	through	through	ADP
ger-324	374	27	second	second	ADJ
ger-324	374	28	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	374	29	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	374	30	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	374	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	375	1	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	375	2	childhood	childhood	PROPN
ger-324	375	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	375	4	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	375	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	375	6	113	113	NUM
ger-324	375	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	376	1	was	be	AUX
ger-324	376	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	376	3	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	376	4	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	376	5	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	377	1	71	71	NUM
ger-324	377	2	allington	allington	NOUN
ger-324	377	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	377	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	377	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	377	6	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	377	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	377	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	378	1	big	big	ADJ
ger-324	378	2	brother	brother	NOUN
ger-324	378	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	378	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	378	5	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	378	6	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	378	7	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	378	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	378	9	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	378	10	ideology	ideology	NOUN
ger-324	378	11	trumped	trump	VERB
ger-324	378	12	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-324	378	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	379	1	portsmouth	portsmouth	PROPN
ger-324	379	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	379	3	nh	nh	PROPN
ger-324	379	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	379	5	heinemann	heinemann	PROPN
ger-324	379	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	379	7	ardovino	ardovino	PROPN
ger-324	379	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	379	9	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	379	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	379	11	hollingsworth	hollingsworth	PROPN
ger-324	379	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	379	13	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	379	14	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	379	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	379	16	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	379	17	ybarra	ybarra	PROPN
ger-324	379	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	379	19	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	379	20	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	379	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	379	22	2000	2000	NUM
ger-324	379	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	379	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	380	1	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-324	380	2	measures	measure	NOUN
ger-324	380	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	380	4	accurate	accurate	ADJ
ger-324	380	5	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	380	6	to	to	PART
ger-324	380	7	assess	assess	VERB
ger-324	380	8	student	student	NOUN
ger-324	380	9	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	380	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	381	1	corwin	corwin	PROPN
ger-324	381	2	press	press	PROPN
ger-324	381	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	382	1	bassok	bassok	PROPN
ger-324	382	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	382	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	382	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	382	5	claessens	claessen	NOUN
ger-324	382	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	382	7	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-324	382	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	382	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	382	10	engel	engel	PROPN
ger-324	382	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	382	12	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	382	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	382	14	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	382	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	382	16	june	june	PROPN
ger-324	382	17	4	4	NUM
ger-324	382	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	382	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	383	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	383	2	case	case	NOUN
ger-324	383	3	for	for	ADP
ger-324	383	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	383	5	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	383	6	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	383	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	383	8	challenging	challenging	ADJ
ger-324	383	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	383	10	playful	playful	ADJ
ger-324	383	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	384	1	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	384	2	week	week	NOUN
ger-324	384	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	385	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	385	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	385	3	http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2014/06/04/33	http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2014/06/04/33	PROPN
ger-324	385	4	bassok_ep.h33.html	bassok_ep.h33.html	NOUN
ger-324	385	5	bassok	bassok	VERB
ger-324	385	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	385	7	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	385	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	385	9	latham	latham	PROPN
ger-324	385	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	385	11	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	385	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	385	13	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	385	14	rorem	rorem	PROPN
ger-324	385	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	385	16	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-324	385	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	385	18	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	385	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	385	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	386	1	is	be	AUX
ger-324	386	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	386	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	386	4	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	386	5	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	386	6	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	386	7	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	387	1	aera	aera	PROPN
ger-324	387	2	open	open	ADJ
ger-324	387	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	387	4	1(4	1(4	NUM
ger-324	387	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	387	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	387	7	1	1	NUM
ger-324	387	8	-	-	SYM
ger-324	387	9	31	31	NUM
ger-324	387	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	388	1	bassok	bassok	NOUN
ger-324	388	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	388	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	388	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	388	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	388	6	reardon	reardon	PROPN
ger-324	388	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	388	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	388	9	f.	f.	PROPN
ger-324	388	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	388	11	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	388	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	388	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	389	1	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	389	2	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	389	3	redshirting	redshirting	NOUN
ger-324	389	4	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	389	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	389	6	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	389	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	390	1	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
ger-324	390	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	390	3	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-324	390	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	390	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	390	6	implications	implication	NOUN
ger-324	390	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	391	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	391	2	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ger-324	391	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	391	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	391	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-324	391	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	391	7	35(3	35(3	NUM
ger-324	391	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	391	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	391	10	283	283	NUM
ger-324	391	11	-	-	SYM
ger-324	391	12	297	297	NUM
ger-324	391	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	392	1	beatty	beatty	PROPN
ger-324	392	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	392	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	392	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	392	5	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	392	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	392	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	393	1	preschool	preschool	ADJ
ger-324	393	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	393	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	393	4	america	america	PROPN
ger-324	393	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	393	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	393	7	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-324	393	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	393	9	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	393	10	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	393	11	from	from	ADP
ger-324	393	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	393	13	colonial	colonial	ADJ
ger-324	393	14	era	era	NOUN
ger-324	393	15	to	to	ADP
ger-324	393	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	393	17	present	present	NOUN
ger-324	393	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	394	1	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	394	2	haven	haven	PROPN
ger-324	394	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	394	4	ct	ct	PROPN
ger-324	394	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	394	6	yale	yale	PROPN
ger-324	394	7	university	university	PROPN
ger-324	394	8	press	press	NOUN
ger-324	394	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	395	1	bingham	bingham	PROPN
ger-324	395	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	395	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	395	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	395	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	395	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	395	7	patton	patton	PROPN
ger-324	395	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	395	9	terry	terry	PROPN
ger-324	395	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	395	11	n.	n.	NOUN
ger-324	395	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	395	13	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	395	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	395	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	396	1	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	396	2	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	396	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	396	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	396	5	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	396	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	396	7	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	396	8	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	396	9	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	396	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-324	396	11	in	in	ADP
ger-324	396	12	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	396	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	396	14	1st	1st	ADJ
ger-324	396	15	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	396	16	in	in	ADP
ger-324	396	17	the	the	DET
ger-324	396	18	united	united	PROPN
ger-324	396	19	states	states	PROPN
ger-324	396	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	397	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	397	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	397	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	397	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	397	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	397	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	397	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	397	8	27(4	27(4	PROPN
ger-324	397	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	397	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	397	11	440	440	NUM
ger-324	397	12	-	-	SYM
ger-324	397	13	453	453	NUM
ger-324	397	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	398	1	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	398	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	398	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	398	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	398	5	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	398	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	398	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	399	1	you	you	PRON
ger-324	399	2	are	be	AUX
ger-324	399	3	here	here	ADV
ger-324	399	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	399	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	399	6	moment	moment	NOUN
ger-324	399	7	in	in	ADP
ger-324	399	8	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	399	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	399	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	400	1	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	400	2	in	in	ADP
ger-324	400	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	400	4	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	400	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	400	6	english	english	PROPN
ger-324	400	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	400	8	40(3	40(3	NUM
ger-324	400	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	400	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	400	11	355	355	NUM
ger-324	400	12	-	-	SYM
ger-324	400	13	372	372	NUM
ger-324	400	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	401	1	bomer	bomer	PROPN
ger-324	401	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	401	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	401	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	401	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	401	6	maloch	maloch	PROPN
ger-324	401	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	401	8	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	401	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	401	10	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	401	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	401	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	402	1	relating	relate	VERB
ger-324	402	2	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	402	3	to	to	PART
ger-324	402	4	research	research	VERB
ger-324	402	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	402	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	402	7	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	402	8	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	402	9	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	402	10	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	402	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	403	1	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	403	2	arts	art	NOUN
ger-324	403	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	403	4	89(1	89(1	NOUN
ger-324	403	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	403	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	403	7	38–43	38–43	NUM
ger-324	403	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	404	1	botzakis	botzakis	PROPN
ger-324	404	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	404	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	404	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	404	5	burns	burn	NOUN
ger-324	404	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	404	7	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	404	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	404	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	404	10	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	404	11	hall	hall	PROPN
ger-324	404	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	404	13	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	404	14	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-324	404	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	404	16	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	404	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	404	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	405	1	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	405	2	reform	reform	NOUN
ger-324	405	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	405	4	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	405	5	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	405	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	406	1	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	406	2	arts	art	NOUN
ger-324	406	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	406	4	91(4	91(4	PROPN
ger-324	406	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	406	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	406	7	223–235	223–235	NUM
ger-324	406	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	406	9	bowdon	bowdon	PROPN
ger-324	406	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	406	11	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	406	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	406	13	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	406	14	desimone	desimone	PROPN
ger-324	406	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	406	16	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	406	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	406	18	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	406	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	406	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	407	1	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	407	2	work	work	NOUN
ger-324	407	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	407	4	less	less	ADJ
ger-324	407	5	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	407	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	407	7	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	407	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	407	9	post	post	NOUN
ger-324	407	10	-	-	NOUN
ger-324	407	11	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	407	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	408	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	408	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-324	408	3	record	record	NOUN
ger-324	408	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	409	1	i	i	PRON
ger-324	409	2	d	d	NOUN
ger-324	409	3	number	number	NOUN
ger-324	409	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	409	5	17742	17742	NUM
ger-324	409	6	bredekamp	bredekamp	NOUN
ger-324	409	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	409	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	409	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	409	10	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	409	11	copple	copple	PROPN
ger-324	409	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	409	13	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	409	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	409	15	eds	eds	PROPN
ger-324	409	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	409	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	409	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	410	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	410	2	1997	1997	NUM
ger-324	410	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	410	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	411	1	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	411	2	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	411	3	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	411	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	411	5	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	411	6	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	411	7	programs	program	NOUN
ger-324	411	8	serving	serve	VERB
ger-324	411	9	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	411	10	from	from	ADP
ger-324	411	11	birth	birth	NOUN
ger-324	411	12	through	through	ADP
ger-324	411	13	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	411	14	8	8	NUM
ger-324	411	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	411	16	revised	revise	VERB
ger-324	411	17	edition	edition	NOUN
ger-324	411	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	411	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	411	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	412	1	washington	washington	PROPN
ger-324	412	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	412	3	dc	dc	PROPN
ger-324	412	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	412	5	national	national	PROPN
ger-324	412	6	association	association	PROPN
ger-324	412	7	for	for	ADP
ger-324	412	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	412	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	412	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	412	11	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	412	12	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	412	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	413	1	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	413	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	413	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	413	4	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-324	413	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	413	6	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	413	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	413	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	414	1	unpacking	unpack	VERB
ger-324	414	2	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	414	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	414	4	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	414	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	414	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	414	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	415	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	415	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-324	415	3	record	record	NOUN
ger-324	415	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	415	5	109(3	109(3	NUM
ger-324	415	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	415	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	415	8	635668	635668	NUM
ger-324	415	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	416	1	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	416	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	416	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	416	4	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-324	416	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	416	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	416	7	lan	lan	PROPN
ger-324	416	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	416	9	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-324	416	10	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	416	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	416	12	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	416	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	416	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	417	1	a	a	DET
ger-324	417	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ger-324	417	3	metasynthesis	metasynthesis	NOUN
ger-324	417	4	comparing	compare	VERB
ger-324	417	5	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	417	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	417	7	'	'	PART
ger-324	417	8	conceptions	conception	NOUN
ger-324	417	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	417	10	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	417	11	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	417	12	prior	prior	ADV
ger-324	417	13	to	to	ADP
ger-324	417	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	417	15	after	after	ADP
ger-324	417	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	417	17	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ger-324	417	18	of	of	ADP
ger-324	417	19	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	417	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	418	1	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	418	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	418	3	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	418	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	418	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	418	6	45	45	NUM
ger-324	418	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	418	8	1	1	NUM
ger-324	418	9	-	-	SYM
ger-324	418	10	13	13	NUM
ger-324	418	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	419	1	bryant	bryant	PROPN
ger-324	419	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	419	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	419	4	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-324	419	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	419	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	419	7	clifford	clifford	PROPN
ger-324	419	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	419	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	419	10	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-324	419	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	419	12	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	419	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	419	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	420	1	150	150	NUM
ger-324	420	2	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	420	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	420	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	420	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	420	6	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	420	7	far	far	ADV
ger-324	420	8	have	have	AUX
ger-324	420	9	we	we	PRON
ger-324	420	10	come	come	VERB
ger-324	420	11	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	421	1	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	421	2	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	421	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	421	4	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ger-324	421	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	421	6	7(2	7(2	NUM
ger-324	421	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	421	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	421	9	147	147	NUM
ger-324	421	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	421	11	154	154	NUM
ger-324	421	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	422	1	cannella	cannella	PROPN
ger-324	422	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	422	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	422	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	422	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	422	6	salazar	salazar	NOUN
ger-324	422	7	pérez	pérez	NOUN
ger-324	422	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	422	9	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	422	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	422	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	422	12	lee	lee	PROPN
ger-324	422	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	422	14	i	i	PROPN
ger-324	422	15	-	-	PROPN
ger-324	422	16	f.	f.	PROPN
ger-324	422	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	422	18	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	422	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	422	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	423	1	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	423	2	examinations	examination	NOUN
ger-324	423	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	423	4	quality	quality	NOUN
ger-324	423	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	423	6	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	423	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	423	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	423	9	care	care	NOUN
ger-324	423	10	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	423	11	regulation	regulation	NOUN
ger-324	423	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	423	13	disqualification	disqualification	NOUN
ger-324	423	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	423	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	423	16	erasure	erasure	NOUN
ger-324	423	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	424	1	peter	peter	PROPN
ger-324	424	2	lang	lang	PROPN
ger-324	424	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	425	1	catsambis	catsambis	PROPN
ger-324	425	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	425	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	425	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	425	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	425	6	buttaro	buttaro	PROPN
ger-324	425	7	jr	jr	PROPN
ger-324	425	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	425	9	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-324	425	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	425	11	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	425	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	425	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	426	1	revisiting	revisit	VERB
ger-324	426	2	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	426	3	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	426	4	as	as	ADP
ger-324	426	5	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	426	6	boot	boot	NOUN
ger-324	426	7	camp	camp	NOUN
ger-324	426	8	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	426	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	426	10	a	a	DET
ger-324	426	11	nationwide	nationwide	ADJ
ger-324	426	12	study	study	NOUN
ger-324	426	13	of	of	ADP
ger-324	426	14	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-324	426	15	grouping	grouping	NOUN
ger-324	426	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	426	17	psycho	psycho	NOUN
ger-324	426	18	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	426	19	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	426	20	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	426	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	427	1	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	427	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
ger-324	427	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	427	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	427	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	427	6	15(4	15(4	NUM
ger-324	427	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	427	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	427	9	483	483	NUM
ger-324	427	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	427	11	515	515	NUM
ger-324	427	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	428	1	clements	clements	PROPN
ger-324	428	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	428	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	428	4	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	428	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	428	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	428	7	sarama	sarama	PROPN
ger-324	428	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	428	9	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	428	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	428	11	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	428	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	428	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	429	1	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	429	2	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	429	3	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-324	429	4	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ger-324	429	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	430	1	science	science	NOUN
ger-324	430	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	430	3	333(6045	333(6045	NUM
ger-324	430	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	430	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	430	6	968970	968970	NUM
ger-324	430	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	431	1	coburn	coburn	PROPN
ger-324	431	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	431	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	431	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	431	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	431	6	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	431	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	431	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	432	1	framing	frame	VERB
ger-324	432	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	432	3	problem	problem	NOUN
ger-324	432	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	432	5	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	432	6	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	432	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	432	8	using	use	VERB
ger-324	432	9	frame	frame	NOUN
ger-324	432	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-324	432	11	to	to	PART
ger-324	432	12	uncover	uncover	VERB
ger-324	432	13	the	the	DET
ger-324	432	14	microprocesses	microprocesse	NOUN
ger-324	432	15	of	of	ADP
ger-324	432	16	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	432	17	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ger-324	432	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	433	1	american	american	ADJ
ger-324	433	2	educational	educational	PROPN
ger-324	433	3	research	research	PROPN
ger-324	433	4	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	433	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	433	6	43(3	43(3	NUM
ger-324	433	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	433	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	433	9	343–379	343–379	NUM
ger-324	433	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	434	1	cochran	cochran	PROPN
ger-324	434	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	434	3	smith	smith	PROPN
ger-324	434	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	434	5	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	434	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	434	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	434	8	lytle	lytle	PROPN
ger-324	434	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	434	10	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	434	11	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	434	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	434	13	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	434	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	434	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	435	1	troubling	troubling	ADJ
ger-324	435	2	images	image	NOUN
ger-324	435	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	435	4	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	435	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	435	6	no	no	DET
ger-324	435	7	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	435	8	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	435	9	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	435	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	436	1	harvard	harvard	PROPN
ger-324	436	2	educational	educational	PROPN
ger-324	436	3	review	review	PROPN
ger-324	436	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	436	5	76(4	76(4	NUM
ger-324	436	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	436	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	436	8	668–726	668–726	NUM
ger-324	436	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	437	1	http://doi.org/10.17763/haer.76.4.56v888136821571	http://doi.org/10.17763/haer.76.4.56v888136821571	PROPN
ger-324	437	2	4	4	NUM
ger-324	437	3	cope	cope	NOUN
ger-324	437	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	437	5	b	b	PROPN
ger-324	437	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	437	7	kalantzis	kalantzis	PROPN
ger-324	437	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	437	9	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	437	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	437	11	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	437	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	437	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	438	1	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	438	2	multiliteracies	multiliteracie	NOUN
ger-324	438	3	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	438	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	438	5	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	438	6	literacies	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	438	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	438	8	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	438	9	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	438	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	439	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	439	2	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-324	439	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	439	4	hawkins	hawkins	PROPN
ger-324	439	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	439	6	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-324	439	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	439	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	439	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	439	10	framing	frame	VERB
ger-324	439	11	languages	language	NOUN
ger-324	439	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	439	13	literacies	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	439	14	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	439	15	socially	socially	ADV
ger-324	439	16	situated	situated	ADJ
ger-324	439	17	views	view	NOUN
ger-324	439	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	439	19	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	439	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	439	21	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-324	439	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	440	1	51	51	NUM
ger-324	440	2	-	-	SYM
ger-324	440	3	82	82	NUM
ger-324	440	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	440	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	441	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	441	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	441	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	441	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-324	441	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	441	6	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-324	441	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	442	1	copple	copple	PROPN
ger-324	442	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	442	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	442	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	442	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	442	6	bredekamp	bredekamp	PROPN
ger-324	442	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	442	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	442	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	442	10	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	442	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	442	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	443	1	basics	basic	NOUN
ger-324	443	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	443	3	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	443	4	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	443	5	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	443	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	444	1	naeyc	naeyc	PROPN
ger-324	444	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	444	3	washington	washington	PROPN
ger-324	444	4	dc	dc	PROPN
ger-324	444	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	444	6	copple	copple	PROPN
ger-324	444	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	444	8	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	444	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	444	10	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	444	11	bredekamp	bredekamp	PROPN
ger-324	444	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	444	13	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	444	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	444	15	eds	eds	PROPN
ger-324	444	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	444	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	444	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	444	19	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	444	20	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	444	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	445	1	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	445	2	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	445	3	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	445	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	445	5	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	445	6	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	445	7	programs	program	NOUN
ger-324	445	8	serving	serve	VERB
ger-324	445	9	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	445	10	from	from	ADP
ger-324	445	11	birth	birth	NOUN
ger-324	445	12	through	through	ADP
ger-324	445	13	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	445	14	8	8	NUM
ger-324	445	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	445	16	3rd	3rd	ADJ
ger-324	445	17	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-324	445	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	446	1	washington	washington	PROPN
ger-324	446	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	446	3	dc	dc	PROPN
ger-324	446	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	446	5	national	national	PROPN
ger-324	446	6	association	association	PROPN
ger-324	446	7	for	for	ADP
ger-324	446	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	446	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	446	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	446	11	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	446	12	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	446	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	447	1	cuban	cuban	ADJ
ger-324	447	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	447	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	447	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	447	5	1992	1992	NUM
ger-324	447	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	447	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	448	1	why	why	SCONJ
ger-324	448	2	some	some	DET
ger-324	448	3	reforms	reform	NOUN
ger-324	448	4	last	last	VERB
ger-324	448	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	448	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	448	7	case	case	NOUN
ger-324	448	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	448	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	448	10	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	448	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	449	1	american	american	PROPN
ger-324	449	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	449	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	449	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	449	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	449	6	100(2	100(2	NUM
ger-324	449	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	449	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	449	9	166	166	NUM
ger-324	449	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	449	11	194	194	NUM
ger-324	449	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	450	1	cuban	cuban	PROPN
ger-324	450	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	450	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	450	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	450	5	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	450	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	450	7	july	july	PROPN
ger-324	450	8	25	25	NUM
ger-324	450	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	450	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	451	1	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	451	2	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	451	3	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	451	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	451	5	hardly	hardly	ADV
ger-324	451	6	an	an	DET
ger-324	451	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-324	451	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	451	9	based	base	VERB
ger-324	451	10	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	451	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	452	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	452	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	452	3	http://	http://	PROPN
ger-324	452	4	larrycuban.wordpress.com/2010/07/25/commoncore-standards-hardly-an-evidence-based-policy/.	larrycuban.wordpress.com/2010/07/25/commoncore-standards-hardly-an-evidence-based-policy/.	PROPN
ger-324	452	5	cunningham	cunningham	PROPN
ger-324	452	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	452	7	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	452	8	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-324	452	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	452	10	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	452	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	452	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	453	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	453	2	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	453	3	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	453	4	panel	panel	NOUN
ger-324	453	5	report	report	NOUN
ger-324	453	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	454	1	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	454	2	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	454	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADJ
ger-324	454	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	454	5	36(3	36(3	NOUN
ger-324	454	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	454	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	454	8	326	326	NUM
ger-324	454	9	-	-	SYM
ger-324	454	10	335	335	NUM
ger-324	454	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	455	1	dahlberg	dahlberg	PROPN
ger-324	455	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	455	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	455	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	455	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	455	6	moss	moss	NOUN
ger-324	455	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	455	8	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	455	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	455	10	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	455	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	455	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	456	1	ethics	ethic	NOUN
ger-324	456	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	456	3	politics	politic	NOUN
ger-324	456	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	456	5	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	456	6	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	456	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	456	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	457	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-324	457	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	458	1	dahlberg	dahlberg	PROPN
ger-324	458	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	458	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	458	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	458	5	moss	moss	NOUN
ger-324	458	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	458	7	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	458	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	458	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	458	10	pence	pence	PROPN
ger-324	458	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	458	12	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-324	458	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	458	14	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	458	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	458	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	459	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-324	459	2	quality	quality	NOUN
ger-324	459	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	459	4	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	459	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	459	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	459	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	459	8	care	care	NOUN
ger-324	459	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	459	10	languages	language	NOUN
ger-324	459	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	459	12	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ger-324	459	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	460	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-324	460	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	461	1	darling	darling	NOUN
ger-324	461	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	461	3	hammond	hammond	PROPN
ger-324	461	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	461	5	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	461	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	461	7	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	461	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	461	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	462	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	462	2	flat	flat	ADJ
ger-324	462	3	world	world	NOUN
ger-324	462	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	462	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	462	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	462	7	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	462	8	america	america	PROPN
ger-324	462	9	's	's	PART
ger-324	462	10	commitment	commitment	NOUN
ger-324	462	11	to	to	ADP
ger-324	462	12	equity	equity	NOUN
ger-324	462	13	will	will	AUX
ger-324	462	14	determine	determine	VERB
ger-324	462	15	our	our	PRON
ger-324	462	16	future	future	NOUN
ger-324	462	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	463	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	463	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	463	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	463	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-324	463	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	463	6	teachers	teachers	PROPN
ger-324	463	7	college	college	PROPN
ger-324	463	8	press	press	PROPN
ger-324	463	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	464	1	deming	deming	PROPN
ger-324	464	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	464	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	464	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	464	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	464	6	dynarski	dynarski	PROPN
ger-324	464	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	464	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	464	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	464	10	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	464	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	464	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	465	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	465	2	lengthening	lengthening	NOUN
ger-324	465	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	465	4	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	465	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	466	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	466	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	466	3	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-324	466	4	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	466	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	466	6	22(3	22(3	NUM
ger-324	466	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	466	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	466	9	71–92	71–92	PROPN
ger-324	466	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	467	1	dewey	dewey	PROPN
ger-324	467	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	467	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	467	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	467	5	1938	1938	NUM
ger-324	467	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	467	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	468	1	experience	experience	NOUN
ger-324	468	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	468	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	468	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	469	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	469	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	469	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	470	1	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
ger-324	470	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	471	1	dhuey	dhuey	PROPN
ger-324	471	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	471	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	471	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	471	5	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	471	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	471	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	472	1	who	who	PRON
ger-324	472	2	benefits	benefit	VERB
ger-324	472	3	from	from	ADP
ger-324	472	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	472	5	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	473	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-324	473	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	473	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	473	4	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ger-324	473	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	473	6	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	473	7	subsidization	subsidization	NOUN
ger-324	473	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	474	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	474	2	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ger-324	474	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	474	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	474	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-324	474	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	474	7	33(1	33(1	NUM
ger-324	474	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	474	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	474	10	3	3	NUM
ger-324	474	11	-	-	SYM
ger-324	474	12	22	22	NUM
ger-324	474	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	475	1	dobkin	dobkin	PROPN
ger-324	475	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	475	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	475	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	475	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	475	6	ferreira	ferreira	PROPN
ger-324	475	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	475	8	f.	f.	PROPN
ger-324	475	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	475	10	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	475	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	475	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	476	1	do	do	AUX
ger-324	476	2	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	476	3	entry	entry	NOUN
ger-324	476	4	laws	law	NOUN
ger-324	476	5	affect	affect	VERB
ger-324	476	6	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	476	7	attainment	attainment	ADJ
ger-324	476	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	476	9	labor	labor	NOUN
ger-324	476	10	market	market	NOUN
ger-324	476	11	http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2014/06/04/33bassok_ep.h33.html	http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2014/06/04/33bassok_ep.h33.html	PROPN
ger-324	476	12	http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2014/06/04/33bassok_ep.h33.html	http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2014/06/04/33bassok_ep.h33.html	PROPN
ger-324	476	13	was	be	AUX
ger-324	476	14	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	476	15	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	476	16	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	476	17	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	477	1	72	72	NUM
ger-324	477	2	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	477	3	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	478	1	economics	economic	NOUN
ger-324	478	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	478	3	education	education	PROPN
ger-324	478	4	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	478	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	478	6	29(1	29(1	NUM
ger-324	478	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	478	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	478	9	40	40	NUM
ger-324	478	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	478	11	54	54	NUM
ger-324	478	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	479	1	dombkowski	dombkowski	PROPN
ger-324	479	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	479	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	479	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	479	5	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	479	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	479	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	480	1	will	will	AUX
ger-324	480	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	480	3	real	real	ADJ
ger-324	480	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	480	5	please	please	INTJ
ger-324	480	6	stand	stand	VERB
ger-324	480	7	up	up	ADP
ger-324	480	8	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	480	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	480	10	defining	define	VERB
ger-324	480	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	480	12	redefining	redefine	VERB
ger-324	480	13	the	the	DET
ger-324	480	14	twentiethcentury	twentiethcentury	NOUN
ger-324	480	15	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	480	16	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	480	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	481	1	history	history	NOUN
ger-324	481	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	481	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	481	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	481	5	30(6	30(6	NUM
ger-324	481	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	481	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	481	8	527	527	NUM
ger-324	481	9	-	-	SYM
ger-324	481	10	545	545	NUM
ger-324	481	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	482	1	dooley	dooley	PROPN
ger-324	482	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	482	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	482	4	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-324	482	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	482	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	482	7	assaf	assaf	PROPN
ger-324	482	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	482	9	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	482	10	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	482	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	482	12	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	482	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	482	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	483	1	contexts	contexts	PROPN
ger-324	483	2	matter	matter	NOUN
ger-324	483	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	483	4	two	two	NUM
ger-324	483	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	483	6	’	'	PUNCT
ger-324	483	7	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	483	8	arts	art	NOUN
ger-324	483	9	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	483	10	in	in	ADP
ger-324	483	11	this	this	DET
ger-324	483	12	highstakes	highstake	NOUN
ger-324	483	13	era	era	NOUN
ger-324	483	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	484	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	484	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	484	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	484	4	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	484	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	484	6	vol	vol	NOUN
ger-324	484	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	484	8	41	41	NUM
ger-324	484	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	484	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	485	1	http://doi.org/10.1080/10862960903133743	http://doi.org/10.1080/10862960903133743	PROPN
ger-324	485	2	dutro	dutro	PROPN
ger-324	485	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	485	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	485	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	485	6	selland	selland	NOUN
ger-324	485	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	485	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	485	9	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	485	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	485	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	485	12	bien	bien	PROPN
ger-324	485	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	485	14	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-324	485	15	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	485	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	485	17	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	485	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	485	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	486	1	revealing	reveal	VERB
ger-324	486	2	writing	writing	NOUN
ger-324	486	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	486	4	concealing	conceal	VERB
ger-324	486	5	writers	writer	NOUN
ger-324	486	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	486	7	high	high	ADJ
ger-324	486	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	486	9	stakes	stake	NOUN
ger-324	486	10	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	486	11	in	in	ADP
ger-324	486	12	an	an	DET
ger-324	486	13	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-324	486	14	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-324	486	15	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	486	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	487	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	487	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	487	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	487	4	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	487	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	487	6	45(2	45(2	NOUN
ger-324	487	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	487	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	487	9	99–141	99–141	NUM
ger-324	487	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	488	1	doi:10.1177/1086296x13475621	doi:10.1177/1086296x13475621	PROPN
ger-324	488	2	dyson	dyson	PROPN
ger-324	488	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	488	4	a.h	a.h	PROPN
ger-324	488	5	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	488	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	488	7	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	488	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	488	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	489	1	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ger-324	489	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	489	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	489	4	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	489	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	489	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	489	7	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	489	8	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	489	9	–	–	PUNCT
ger-324	489	10	what	what	DET
ger-324	489	11	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-324	489	12	does	do	AUX
ger-324	489	13	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-324	489	14	make	make	VERB
ger-324	489	15	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	490	1	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	490	2	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	490	3	on	on	ADP
ger-324	490	4	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ger-324	490	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	490	6	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	490	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	490	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	490	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	490	10	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-324	490	11	primary	primary	ADJ
ger-324	490	12	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	490	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	491	1	final	final	ADJ
ger-324	491	2	report	report	NOUN
ger-324	491	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	492	1	university	university	NOUN
ger-324	492	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	492	3	california	california	PROPN
ger-324	492	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	492	5	graduate	graduate	NOUN
ger-324	492	6	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	492	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	492	8	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	492	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	493	1	elkind	elkind	PROPN
ger-324	493	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	493	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	493	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	493	5	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	493	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	493	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	494	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	494	2	power	power	NOUN
ger-324	494	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	494	4	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	494	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	494	6	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	494	7	spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ
ger-324	494	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	494	9	imaginative	imaginative	ADJ
ger-324	494	10	activities	activity	NOUN
ger-324	494	11	lead	lead	VERB
ger-324	494	12	to	to	ADP
ger-324	494	13	happier	happy	ADJ
ger-324	494	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	494	15	healthier	healthy	ADJ
ger-324	494	16	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	494	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	495	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ger-324	495	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	495	3	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-324	495	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	495	5	da	da	PROPN
ger-324	495	6	capo	capo	PROPN
ger-324	495	7	press	press	PROPN
ger-324	495	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	496	1	frey	frey	PROPN
ger-324	496	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	496	3	n.	n.	NOUN
ger-324	496	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	496	5	2005	2005	NUM
ger-324	496	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	496	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	497	1	retention	retention	NOUN
ger-324	497	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	497	3	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	497	4	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ger-324	497	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	497	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	497	7	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	497	8	redshirting	redshirting	PROPN
ger-324	497	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	497	10	what	what	PRON
ger-324	497	11	do	do	AUX
ger-324	497	12	we	we	PRON
ger-324	497	13	know	know	VERB
ger-324	497	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	497	15	need	need	VERB
ger-324	497	16	to	to	PART
ger-324	497	17	know	know	VERB
ger-324	497	18	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	498	1	remedial	remedial	ADJ
ger-324	498	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	498	3	special	special	ADJ
ger-324	498	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	498	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	498	6	26(6	26(6	NUM
ger-324	498	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	498	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	498	9	332	332	NUM
ger-324	498	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	498	11	346	346	NUM
ger-324	498	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	499	1	fryer	fryer	NOUN
ger-324	499	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	499	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	499	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	499	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	499	6	jr	jr	PROPN
ger-324	499	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	499	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	499	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	499	10	levitt	levitt	PROPN
ger-324	499	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	499	12	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	499	13	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	499	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	499	15	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	499	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	499	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	500	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	500	2	black	black	ADJ
ger-324	500	3	–	–	PUNCT
ger-324	500	4	white	white	ADJ
ger-324	500	5	test	test	NOUN
ger-324	500	6	score	score	NOUN
ger-324	500	7	gap	gap	NOUN
ger-324	500	8	through	through	ADP
ger-324	500	9	third	third	ADJ
ger-324	500	10	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	500	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	501	1	american	american	ADJ
ger-324	501	2	law	law	PROPN
ger-324	501	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	501	4	economics	economic	NOUN
ger-324	501	5	review	review	PROPN
ger-324	501	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	501	7	8(2	8(2	NUM
ger-324	501	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	501	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	501	10	249–281	249–281	NUM
ger-324	501	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	502	1	gee	gee	INTJ
ger-324	502	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	502	3	j.p	j.p	PROPN
ger-324	502	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	502	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	502	6	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	502	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	502	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	503	1	situated	situate	VERB
ger-324	503	2	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	503	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	503	4	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	503	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	503	6	a	a	DET
ger-324	503	7	critique	critique	NOUN
ger-324	503	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	503	9	traditional	traditional	ADJ
ger-324	503	10	schooling	schooling	NOUN
ger-324	503	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	504	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	504	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	504	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	504	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-324	504	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	504	6	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-324	504	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	505	1	gee	gee	PROPN
ger-324	505	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	505	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	505	4	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-324	505	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	505	6	1996	1996	NUM
ger-324	505	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	505	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	506	1	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	506	2	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
ger-324	506	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	506	4	literacies	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	506	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	506	6	ideology	ideology	NOUN
ger-324	506	7	in	in	ADP
ger-324	506	8	discourses	discourse	NOUN
ger-324	506	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	506	10	2nd	2nd	ADJ
ger-324	506	11	edition	edition	NOUN
ger-324	506	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	506	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	507	1	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
ger-324	507	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	507	3	pa	pa	PROPN
ger-324	507	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	507	5	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-324	507	6	falmer	falmer	PROPN
ger-324	507	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	507	8	gee	gee	PROPN
ger-324	507	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	508	1	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	508	2	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-324	508	3	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	508	4	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	508	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	508	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	509	1	discourses	discourse	NOUN
ger-324	509	2	in	in	ADP
ger-324	509	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	509	4	out	out	ADP
ger-324	509	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	509	6	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	509	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	510	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	510	2	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-324	510	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	510	4	hawkins	hawkins	PROPN
ger-324	510	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	510	6	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-324	510	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	510	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	510	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	510	10	framing	frame	VERB
ger-324	510	11	languages	language	NOUN
ger-324	510	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	510	13	literacies	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	510	14	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	510	15	socially	socially	ADV
ger-324	510	16	situated	situated	ADJ
ger-324	510	17	views	view	NOUN
ger-324	510	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	510	19	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	510	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	510	21	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-324	510	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	511	1	51	51	NUM
ger-324	511	2	-	-	SYM
ger-324	511	3	82	82	NUM
ger-324	511	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	511	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	512	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	512	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	512	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	512	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-324	512	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	512	6	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-324	512	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	513	1	good	good	PROPN
ger-324	513	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	513	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	513	4	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	513	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	513	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	513	7	kaminski	kaminski	PROPN
ger-324	513	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	513	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	513	10	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-324	513	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	513	12	eds	eds	PROPN
ger-324	513	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	513	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	513	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	514	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	514	2	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	514	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	514	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	515	1	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
ger-324	515	2	indicators	indicator	NOUN
ger-324	515	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	515	4	basic	basic	ADJ
ger-324	515	5	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	515	6	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	515	7	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	515	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	515	9	6th	6th	ADJ
ger-324	515	10	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-324	515	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	515	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	515	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	516	1	eugene	eugene	NOUN
ger-324	516	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	516	3	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	516	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	516	5	institute	institute	VERB
ger-324	516	6	for	for	ADP
ger-324	516	7	the	the	DET
ger-324	516	8	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	516	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	516	10	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	516	11	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	516	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	517	1	guthrie	guthrie	PROPN
ger-324	517	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	517	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	517	4	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-324	517	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	517	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	517	7	springer	springer	NOUN
ger-324	517	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	517	9	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	517	10	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	517	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	517	12	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	517	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	517	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	518	1	a	a	DET
ger-324	518	2	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-324	518	3	at	at	ADP
ger-324	518	4	risk	risk	NOUN
ger-324	518	5	revisited	revisit	VERB
ger-324	518	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	518	7	did	do	VERB
ger-324	518	8	"	"	PUNCT
ger-324	518	9	wrong	wrong	ADJ
ger-324	518	10	"	"	PUNCT
ger-324	518	11	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ger-324	518	12	result	result	NOUN
ger-324	518	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	518	14	"	"	PUNCT
ger-324	518	15	right	right	ADJ
ger-324	518	16	"	"	PUNCT
ger-324	518	17	results	result	NOUN
ger-324	518	18	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	519	1	at	at	ADP
ger-324	519	2	what	what	DET
ger-324	519	3	cost	cost	NOUN
ger-324	519	4	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	520	1	peabody	peabody	PROPN
ger-324	520	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	520	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	520	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	520	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	520	6	79(1	79(1	NOUN
ger-324	520	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	520	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	520	9	7	7	NUM
ger-324	520	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	520	11	35	35	NUM
ger-324	520	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	521	1	genishi	genishi	ADJ
ger-324	521	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	521	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	521	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	521	5	dyson	dyson	PROPN
ger-324	521	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	521	7	a.h	a.h	PROPN
ger-324	521	8	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	521	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	521	10	fassler	fassler	PROPN
ger-324	521	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	521	12	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	521	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	521	14	1994	1994	NUM
ger-324	521	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	521	16	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	521	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	521	18	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ger-324	521	19	in	in	ADP
ger-324	521	20	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	521	21	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	521	22	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	521	23	whose	whose	DET
ger-324	521	24	voices	voice	NOUN
ger-324	521	25	are	be	AUX
ger-324	521	26	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	521	27	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	522	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	522	2	b.l	b.l	PROPN
ger-324	522	3	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	522	4	mallory	mallory	PROPN
ger-324	522	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	522	6	r.s	r.s	PROPN
ger-324	522	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	523	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	523	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	523	3	eds	ed	NOUN
ger-324	523	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	523	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	523	6	diversity	diversity	NOUN
ger-324	523	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	523	8	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	523	9	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	523	10	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	523	11	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	523	12	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ger-324	523	13	for	for	ADP
ger-324	523	14	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	523	15	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	523	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	523	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	523	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	523	19	pp	pp	ADV
ger-324	523	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	524	1	250	250	NUM
ger-324	524	2	-	-	SYM
ger-324	524	3	268	268	NUM
ger-324	524	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	524	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	525	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	525	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	525	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	525	4	teachers	teachers	PROPN
ger-324	525	5	college	college	PROPN
ger-324	525	6	press	press	PROPN
ger-324	525	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	526	1	goldstein	goldstein	PROPN
ger-324	526	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	526	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	526	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	526	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	526	6	2007a	2007a	NUM
ger-324	526	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	526	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	527	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-324	527	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	527	3	dap	dap	PROPN
ger-324	527	4	versus	versus	ADP
ger-324	527	5	standards	standards	PROPN
ger-324	527	6	dilemma	dilemma	NOUN
ger-324	527	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	527	8	examining	examine	VERB
ger-324	527	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	527	10	unforgiving	unforgiving	ADJ
ger-324	527	11	complexity	complexity	NOUN
ger-324	527	12	of	of	ADP
ger-324	527	13	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	527	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	527	15	in	in	ADP
ger-324	527	16	the	the	DET
ger-324	527	17	united	united	PROPN
ger-324	527	18	states	states	PROPN
ger-324	527	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	528	1	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	528	2	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	528	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	528	4	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ger-324	528	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	528	6	22(1	22(1	NUM
ger-324	528	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	528	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	528	9	39	39	NUM
ger-324	528	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	528	11	54	54	NUM
ger-324	528	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	529	1	goldstein	goldstein	PROPN
ger-324	529	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	529	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	529	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	529	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	529	6	2007b	2007b	NUM
ger-324	529	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	529	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	530	1	embracing	embrace	VERB
ger-324	530	2	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
ger-324	530	3	multiplicity	multiplicity	NOUN
ger-324	530	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	530	5	examining	examine	VERB
ger-324	530	6	two	two	NUM
ger-324	530	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	530	8	'	'	PART
ger-324	530	9	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-324	530	10	responses	response	NOUN
ger-324	530	11	to	to	ADP
ger-324	530	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	530	13	changing	change	VERB
ger-324	530	14	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-324	530	15	for	for	ADP
ger-324	530	16	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	530	17	in	in	ADP
ger-324	530	18	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	530	19	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	530	20	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	530	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	531	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	531	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	531	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	531	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	531	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	531	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	531	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	531	8	21(4	21(4	NUM
ger-324	531	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	531	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	531	11	378	378	NUM
ger-324	531	12	-	-	SYM
ger-324	531	13	399	399	NUM
ger-324	531	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	532	1	goldstein	goldstein	PROPN
ger-324	532	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	532	3	l.s	l.s	PROPN
ger-324	532	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	532	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	532	6	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	532	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	532	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	533	1	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	533	2	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	533	3	making	make	VERB
ger-324	533	4	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	533	5	street	street	NOUN
ger-324	533	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	533	7	level	level	NOUN
ger-324	533	8	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	533	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	533	10	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	533	11	in	in	ADP
ger-324	533	12	the	the	DET
ger-324	533	13	wake	wake	NOUN
ger-324	533	14	of	of	ADP
ger-324	533	15	no	no	DET
ger-324	533	16	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	533	17	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	533	18	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	533	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	534	1	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	534	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	534	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	534	4	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	534	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	534	6	19(3	19(3	NUM
ger-324	534	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	534	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	534	9	448	448	NUM
ger-324	534	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	534	11	478	478	NUM
ger-324	534	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	535	1	doi	doi	NOUN
ger-324	535	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	535	3	10.1080/10409280802065387	10.1080/10409280802065387	NUM
ger-324	535	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	536	1	graue	graue	NOUN
ger-324	536	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	536	3	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-324	536	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	536	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	536	6	kroeger	kroeger	PROPN
ger-324	536	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	536	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	536	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	536	10	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	536	11	brown	brown	PROPN
ger-324	536	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	536	13	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	536	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	536	15	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	536	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	536	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	537	1	living	live	VERB
ger-324	537	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	537	3	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	537	4	gift	gift	NOUN
ger-324	537	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	537	6	time	time	NOUN
ger-324	537	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	537	8	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	538	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ger-324	538	2	issues	issue	NOUN
ger-324	538	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	538	4	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	538	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	538	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	538	7	3(3	3(3	NUM
ger-324	538	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	538	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	538	10	338–353	338–353	NUM
ger-324	538	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	539	1	gutierrez	gutierrez	PROPN
ger-324	539	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	539	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	539	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	539	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	539	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	539	7	rogoff	rogoff	PROPN
ger-324	539	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	539	9	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	539	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	539	11	2003	2003	NUM
ger-324	539	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	539	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	540	1	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-324	540	2	ways	way	NOUN
ger-324	540	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	540	4	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	540	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	540	6	individual	individual	ADJ
ger-324	540	7	traits	trait	NOUN
ger-324	540	8	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	540	9	repertoires	repertoire	NOUN
ger-324	540	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	540	11	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	540	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	541	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	541	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	541	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	541	4	32(5	32(5	NUM
ger-324	541	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	541	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	541	7	19–25	19–25	NUM
ger-324	541	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	542	1	doi	doi	NOUN
ger-324	542	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	542	3	10.3102/0013189x032005019	10.3102/0013189x032005019	PROPN
ger-324	542	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	542	5	han	han	PROPN
ger-324	542	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	542	7	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	542	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	542	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	542	10	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	542	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	542	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	543	1	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
ger-324	543	2	influence	influence	NOUN
ger-324	543	3	on	on	ADP
ger-324	543	4	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	543	5	's	's	PART
ger-324	543	6	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	543	7	competence	competence	NOUN
ger-324	543	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	543	9	a	a	DET
ger-324	543	10	close	close	ADJ
ger-324	543	11	look	look	NOUN
ger-324	543	12	at	at	ADP
ger-324	543	13	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	543	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	543	15	'	'	PART
ger-324	543	16	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-324	543	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	544	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	544	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	544	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	544	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	544	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	544	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	544	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	544	8	24(1	24(1	NUM
ger-324	544	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	544	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	544	11	80	80	NUM
ger-324	544	12	-	-	SYM
ger-324	544	13	96	96	NUM
ger-324	544	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	545	1	hatch	hatch	PROPN
ger-324	545	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	545	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	545	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-324	545	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	545	6	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	545	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	545	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	546	1	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-324	546	2	shovedown	shovedown	NOUN
ger-324	546	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	546	4	resisting	resist	VERB
ger-324	546	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	546	6	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	546	7	movement	movement	NOUN
ger-324	546	8	in	in	ADP
ger-324	546	9	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	546	10	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	546	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	546	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	547	1	phi	phi	NOUN
ger-324	547	2	delta	delta	NOUN
ger-324	547	3	kappan	kappan	PROPN
ger-324	547	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	547	5	83(6	83(6	PROPN
ger-324	547	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	547	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	547	8	457	457	NUM
ger-324	547	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	548	1	heath	heath	PROPN
ger-324	548	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	548	3	s.b	s.b	PROPN
ger-324	548	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	548	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	548	6	1982	1982	NUM
ger-324	548	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	548	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	549	1	what	what	PRON
ger-324	549	2	no	no	DET
ger-324	549	3	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN
ger-324	549	4	story	story	NOUN
ger-324	549	5	means	mean	VERB
ger-324	549	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	550	1	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	550	2	in	in	ADP
ger-324	550	3	society	society	NOUN
ger-324	550	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	550	5	11	11	NUM
ger-324	550	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	550	7	49	49	NUM
ger-324	550	8	-	-	SYM
ger-324	550	9	76	76	NUM
ger-324	550	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	551	1	herrera	herrera	PROPN
ger-324	551	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	551	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	551	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	551	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	551	6	perez	perez	PROPN
ger-324	551	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	551	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	551	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	551	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	551	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	551	12	escamilla	escamilla	PROPN
ger-324	551	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	551	14	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	551	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	551	16	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	551	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	551	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	552	1	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-324	552	2	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	552	3	to	to	ADP
ger-324	552	4	english	english	ADJ
ger-324	552	5	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	552	6	learners	learner	NOUN
ger-324	552	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	552	8	differentiating	differentiate	VERB
ger-324	552	9	literacies	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	552	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	553	1	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-324	553	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	553	3	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-324	553	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	553	5	allyn	allyn	PROPN
ger-324	553	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	553	7	bacon	bacon	PROPN
ger-324	553	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	554	1	huang	huang	PROPN
ger-324	554	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	554	3	f.l	f.l	PROPN
ger-324	554	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	554	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	554	6	invernizzi	invernizzi	PROPN
ger-324	554	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	554	8	m.a	m.a	PROPN
ger-324	554	9	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	554	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	554	11	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	554	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	554	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	555	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	555	2	association	association	NOUN
ger-324	555	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	555	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	555	5	entry	entry	NOUN
ger-324	555	6	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	555	7	with	with	ADP
ger-324	555	8	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	555	9	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	555	10	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	555	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	556	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	556	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	556	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	556	4	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	556	5	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	556	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	556	7	105(6	105(6	NUM
ger-324	556	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	556	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	556	10	431441	431441	NUM
ger-324	556	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	557	1	doi	doi	NOUN
ger-324	557	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	557	3	10.1080/00220671.2012.658456	10.1080/00220671.2012.658456	NUM
ger-324	557	4	hursh	hursh	ADJ
ger-324	557	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	557	6	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	557	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	557	8	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	557	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	557	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	558	1	assessing	assess	VERB
ger-324	558	2	no	no	DET
ger-324	558	3	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	558	4	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	558	5	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	558	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	558	7	the	the	DET
ger-324	558	8	rise	rise	NOUN
ger-324	558	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	558	10	neoliberal	neoliberal	ADJ
ger-324	558	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	558	12	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-324	558	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	559	1	american	american	ADJ
ger-324	559	2	educational	educational	PROPN
ger-324	559	3	research	research	PROPN
ger-324	559	4	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	559	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	559	6	44(3	44(3	NOUN
ger-324	559	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	559	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	559	9	493	493	NUM
ger-324	559	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	559	11	518	518	NUM
ger-324	559	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	559	13	hyson	hyson	PROPN
ger-324	559	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	559	15	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	559	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	559	17	2003	2003	NUM
ger-324	559	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	559	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	560	1	introducing	introduce	VERB
ger-324	560	2	naeyc	naeyc	NOUN
ger-324	560	3	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	560	4	“	"	PUNCT
ger-324	560	5	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	560	6	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	560	7	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	560	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	560	9	creating	create	VERB
ger-324	560	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	560	11	conditions	condition	NOUN
ger-324	560	12	for	for	ADP
ger-324	560	13	success	success	NOUN
ger-324	560	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	560	15	”	"	PUNCT
ger-324	561	1	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	561	2	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	561	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	561	4	58(1	58(1	NUM
ger-324	561	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	561	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	561	7	66	66	NUM
ger-324	561	8	-	-	SYM
ger-324	561	9	68	68	NUM
ger-324	561	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	562	1	hyun	hyun	PROPN
ger-324	562	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	562	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	562	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	562	5	2003	2003	NUM
ger-324	562	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	562	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	563	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	563	2	no	no	DET
ger-324	563	3	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	563	4	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	563	5	behind	behind	ADP
ger-324	563	6	act	act	NOUN
ger-324	563	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	563	8	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	563	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	563	10	issues	issue	NOUN
ger-324	563	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	563	12	implications	implication	NOUN
ger-324	563	13	for	for	ADP
ger-324	563	14	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	563	15	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	563	16	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	563	17	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	563	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	564	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	564	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	564	3	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	564	4	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	564	5	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	564	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	564	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	564	8	24	24	NUM
ger-324	564	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	564	10	119–26	119–26	NUM
ger-324	564	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	564	12	jeynes	jeyne	NOUN
ger-324	564	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	564	14	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-324	564	15	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	564	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	564	17	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	564	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	564	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	565	1	standardized	standardized	ADJ
ger-324	565	2	tests	test	NOUN
ger-324	565	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	565	4	froebel	froebel	NOUN
ger-324	565	5	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	565	6	original	original	ADJ
ger-324	565	7	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	565	8	model	model	NOUN
ger-324	565	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	566	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	566	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-324	566	3	record	record	NOUN
ger-324	566	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	566	5	108	108	NUM
ger-324	566	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	566	7	1937–59	1937–59	NUM
ger-324	566	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	567	1	katz	katz	PROPN
ger-324	567	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	567	3	v.	v.	PROPN
ger-324	567	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	567	5	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	567	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	567	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	568	1	lively	lively	ADJ
ger-324	568	2	minds	mind	NOUN
ger-324	568	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	568	4	distinctions	distinction	NOUN
ger-324	568	5	between	between	ADP
ger-324	568	6	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	568	7	versus	versus	ADP
ger-324	568	8	intellectual	intellectual	ADJ
ger-324	568	9	goals	goal	NOUN
ger-324	568	10	for	for	ADP
ger-324	568	11	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	568	12	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	568	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	569	1	defending	defend	VERB
ger-324	569	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	569	3	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	569	4	years	year	NOUN
ger-324	569	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	570	1	kerkham	kerkham	PROPN
ger-324	570	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	570	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	570	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	570	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	570	6	nixon	nixon	PROPN
ger-324	570	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	570	8	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	570	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	570	10	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	570	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	570	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	571	1	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	571	2	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	571	3	that	that	PRON
ger-324	571	4	counts	count	VERB
ger-324	571	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	571	6	mediating	mediate	VERB
ger-324	571	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	571	8	interpreting	interpreting	NOUN
ger-324	571	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	571	10	contesting	contest	VERB
ger-324	571	11	translocal	translocal	ADJ
ger-324	571	12	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	571	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	571	14	a	a	DET
ger-324	571	15	primary	primary	ADJ
ger-324	571	16	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	571	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	572	1	ethnography	ethnography	NOUN
ger-324	572	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	572	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	572	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	572	5	9(3	9(3	NUM
ger-324	572	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	572	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	572	8	343	343	NUM
ger-324	572	9	-	-	SYM
ger-324	572	10	358	358	NUM
ger-324	572	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	573	1	lincove	lincove	NOUN
ger-324	573	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	573	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	573	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-324	573	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	573	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	573	7	painter	painter	NOUN
ger-324	573	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	573	9	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	573	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	573	11	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	573	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	573	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	574	1	does	do	VERB
ger-324	574	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	574	3	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	574	4	that	that	PRON
ger-324	574	5	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	574	6	start	start	VERB
ger-324	574	7	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	574	8	matter	matter	NOUN
ger-324	574	9	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	575	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-324	575	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	575	3	longhttp://doi.org/10.1080/10862960903133743	longhttp://doi.org/10.1080/10862960903133743	PROPN
ger-324	575	4	was	be	AUX
ger-324	575	5	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	575	6	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	575	7	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	575	8	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	576	1	73	73	NUM
ger-324	576	2	term	term	NOUN
ger-324	576	3	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	576	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	576	5	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	576	6	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-324	576	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	577	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	577	2	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ger-324	577	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	577	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	577	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-324	577	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	577	7	28(2	28(2	NUM
ger-324	577	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	577	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	577	10	153	153	NUM
ger-324	577	11	-	-	SYM
ger-324	577	12	179	179	NUM
ger-324	577	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	578	1	lingard	lingard	PROPN
ger-324	578	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	578	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	578	4	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	578	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	579	1	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	579	2	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN
ger-324	579	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	579	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	579	5	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	579	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	579	7	testing	test	VERB
ger-324	579	8	times	time	NOUN
ger-324	579	9	in	in	ADP
ger-324	579	10	australian	australian	ADJ
ger-324	579	11	schooling	schooling	NOUN
ger-324	579	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	580	1	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	580	2	studies	study	NOUN
ger-324	580	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	580	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	580	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	580	6	51(2	51(2	NUM
ger-324	580	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	580	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	580	9	129–147	129–147	NUM
ger-324	580	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	581	1	doi:10.1080/17508481003731026	doi:10.1080/17508481003731026	PROPN
ger-324	581	2	lipsky	lipsky	PROPN
ger-324	581	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	581	4	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	581	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	581	6	1980	1980	NUM
ger-324	581	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	581	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	582	1	street	street	NOUN
ger-324	582	2	level	level	NOUN
ger-324	582	3	bureaucracy	bureaucracy	NOUN
ger-324	582	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	582	5	dilemmas	dilemma	NOUN
ger-324	582	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	582	7	the	the	DET
ger-324	582	8	individual	individual	NOUN
ger-324	582	9	in	in	ADP
ger-324	582	10	public	public	ADJ
ger-324	582	11	services	service	NOUN
ger-324	582	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	583	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	583	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	583	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	583	4	russell	russell	PROPN
ger-324	583	5	sage	sage	PROPN
ger-324	583	6	foundation	foundation	PROPN
ger-324	583	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	584	1	luke	luke	PROPN
ger-324	584	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	584	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-324	584	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	584	5	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	584	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	584	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	585	1	regrounding	regrounde	VERB
ger-324	585	2	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	585	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	585	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	585	5	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-324	585	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	585	7	facts	fact	NOUN
ger-324	585	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	585	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	585	10	reality	reality	NOUN
ger-324	585	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	586	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	586	2	m.r	m.r	PROPN
ger-324	586	3	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	586	4	hawkins	hawkins	PROPN
ger-324	586	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	586	6	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-324	586	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	586	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	586	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	586	10	framing	frame	VERB
ger-324	586	11	languages	language	NOUN
ger-324	586	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	586	13	literacies	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	586	14	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	586	15	socially	socially	ADV
ger-324	586	16	situated	situated	ADJ
ger-324	586	17	views	view	NOUN
ger-324	586	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	586	19	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	586	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	586	21	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-324	586	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	586	23	136	136	NUM
ger-324	586	24	-	-	NUM
ger-324	586	25	148	148	NUM
ger-324	586	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	586	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	587	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	587	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	587	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	587	4	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-324	587	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	587	6	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-324	587	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	587	8	lynch	lynch	PROPN
ger-324	587	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	587	10	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	587	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	587	12	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	587	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	587	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	588	1	more	more	ADJ
ger-324	588	2	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	588	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	588	4	please	please	INTJ
ger-324	588	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	588	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	588	7	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	588	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	588	9	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	588	10	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	588	11	on	on	ADP
ger-324	588	12	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	588	13	in	in	ADP
ger-324	588	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	588	15	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	588	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	589	1	american	american	ADJ
ger-324	589	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	589	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	589	4	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	589	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	589	6	7(3	7(3	NUM
ger-324	589	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	589	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	589	9	347	347	NUM
ger-324	589	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	589	11	370	370	NUM
ger-324	589	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	590	1	manna	manna	PROPN
ger-324	590	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	590	3	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	590	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	590	5	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	590	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	590	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	591	1	collision	collision	NOUN
ger-324	591	2	course	course	NOUN
ger-324	591	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	591	4	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	591	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	591	6	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	591	7	meets	meet	VERB
ger-324	591	8	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	591	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	591	10	local	local	ADJ
ger-324	591	11	realities	reality	NOUN
ger-324	591	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	592	1	thousand	thousand	NUM
ger-324	592	2	oaks	oak	NOUN
ger-324	592	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	592	4	ca	ca	NOUN
ger-324	592	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	592	6	cq	cq	PROPN
ger-324	592	7	press	press	PROPN
ger-324	592	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	593	1	maxwell	maxwell	PROPN
ger-324	593	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	593	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	593	4	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	593	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	593	6	mcwilliam	mcwilliam	PROPN
ger-324	593	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	593	8	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	593	9	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-324	593	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	593	11	hemmeter	hemmeter	NOUN
ger-324	593	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	593	13	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-324	593	14	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	593	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	593	16	ault	ault	PROPN
ger-324	593	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	593	18	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	593	19	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	593	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	593	21	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	593	22	schuster	schuster	PROPN
ger-324	593	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	593	24	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	593	25	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-324	593	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	593	27	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	593	28	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	593	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	594	1	predictors	predictor	NOUN
ger-324	594	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	594	3	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	594	4	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	594	5	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	594	6	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	594	7	in	in	ADP
ger-324	594	8	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	594	9	through	through	ADP
ger-324	594	10	third	third	ADJ
ger-324	594	11	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	594	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	595	1	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	595	2	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	595	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	595	4	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ger-324	595	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	595	6	16	16	NUM
ger-324	595	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	595	8	431	431	NUM
ger-324	595	9	-	-	SYM
ger-324	595	10	452	452	NUM
ger-324	595	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	595	12	mcguinn	mcguinn	NOUN
ger-324	595	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	595	14	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	595	15	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	595	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	595	17	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	595	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	595	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	596	1	no	no	DET
ger-324	596	2	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	596	3	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	596	4	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	596	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	596	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	596	7	transformation	transformation	NOUN
ger-324	596	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	596	9	federal	federal	ADJ
ger-324	596	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	596	11	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	596	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	596	13	19652005	19652005	NUM
ger-324	596	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	597	1	lawrence	lawrence	PROPN
ger-324	597	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	597	3	university	university	NOUN
ger-324	597	4	press	press	NOUN
ger-324	597	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	597	6	kansas	kansas	PROPN
ger-324	597	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	598	1	mclaughlin	mclaughlin	PROPN
ger-324	598	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	598	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	598	4	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	598	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	598	6	carlsson	carlsson	PROPN
ger-324	598	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	598	8	paige	paige	PROPN
ger-324	598	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	598	10	n.	n.	PROPN
ger-324	598	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	598	12	levin	levin	PROPN
ger-324	598	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	598	14	d.e	d.e	PROPN
ger-324	598	15	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	598	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	598	17	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	598	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	598	19	august	august	PROPN
ger-324	598	20	2	2	NUM
ger-324	598	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	598	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	599	1	a	a	DET
ger-324	599	2	disturbing	disturbing	ADJ
ger-324	599	3	shift	shift	NOUN
ger-324	599	4	underway	underway	ADV
ger-324	599	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	599	6	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	599	7	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	599	8	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	599	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	600	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	600	2	washington	washington	PROPN
ger-324	600	3	post	post	PROPN
ger-324	600	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	600	5	answer	answer	NOUN
ger-324	600	6	sheet	sheet	NOUN
ger-324	600	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	601	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	601	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	601	3	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answersheet/wp/2013/08/02/the-disturbing-shiftunderway-in-early-childhood-classrooms/	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answersheet/wp/2013/08/02/the-disturbing-shiftunderway-in-early-childhood-classrooms/	PROPN
ger-324	601	4	meisels	meisel	NOUN
ger-324	601	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	601	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	601	7	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	601	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	601	9	1999	1999	NUM
ger-324	601	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	601	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	602	1	assessing	assess	VERB
ger-324	602	2	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	602	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	603	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	603	2	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	603	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	603	4	pianta	pianta	PROPN
ger-324	603	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	603	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	603	7	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-324	603	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	603	9	cox	cox	PROPN
ger-324	603	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	603	11	eds	eds	PROPN
ger-324	603	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	603	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	603	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	603	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	603	16	transition	transition	NOUN
ger-324	603	17	to	to	ADP
ger-324	603	18	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	603	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	603	20	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-324	603	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	603	22	39	39	NUM
ger-324	603	23	-	-	SYM
ger-324	603	24	63	63	NUM
ger-324	603	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	603	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	604	1	baltimore	baltimore	PROPN
ger-324	604	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	604	3	md	md	PROPN
ger-324	604	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	604	5	paul	paul	PROPN
ger-324	604	6	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	604	7	brookes	brookes	PROPN
ger-324	604	8	publishing	publishing	NOUN
ger-324	604	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	605	1	meens	meens	PROPN
ger-324	605	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	605	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	605	4	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	605	5	howe	howe	PROPN
ger-324	605	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	605	7	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	605	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	605	9	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	605	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	605	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	606	1	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	606	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	606	3	its	its	PRON
ger-324	606	4	wake	wake	NOUN
ger-324	606	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	606	6	bad	bad	ADJ
ger-324	606	7	news	news	NOUN
ger-324	606	8	for	for	ADP
ger-324	606	9	democracy	democracy	NOUN
ger-324	606	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	607	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	607	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-324	607	3	record	record	NOUN
ger-324	607	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	607	5	117(6	117(6	NUM
ger-324	607	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	607	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	608	1	merriam	merriam	PROPN
ger-324	608	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	608	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	608	4	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	608	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	608	6	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	608	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	608	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	609	1	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
ger-324	609	2	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	609	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	609	4	a	a	DET
ger-324	609	5	guide	guide	NOUN
ger-324	609	6	to	to	PART
ger-324	609	7	design	design	VERB
ger-324	609	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	609	9	implementation	implementation	NOUN
ger-324	609	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	610	1	san	san	PROPN
ger-324	610	2	francisco	francisco	PROPN
ger-324	610	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	610	4	ca	ca	NOUN
ger-324	610	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	610	6	jossey	jossey	NOUN
ger-324	610	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	610	8	bass	bass	NOUN
ger-324	610	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	611	1	miller	miller	PROPN
ger-324	611	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	611	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	611	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	611	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	611	6	almon	almon	PROPN
ger-324	611	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	611	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	611	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	611	10	2009	2009	NUM
ger-324	611	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	611	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	612	1	crisis	crisis	NOUN
ger-324	612	2	in	in	ADP
ger-324	612	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	612	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	612	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	612	6	why	why	SCONJ
ger-324	612	7	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	612	8	need	need	VERB
ger-324	612	9	to	to	PART
ger-324	612	10	play	play	VERB
ger-324	612	11	in	in	ADP
ger-324	612	12	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	612	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	613	1	alliance	alliance	NOUN
ger-324	613	2	for	for	ADP
ger-324	613	3	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	613	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	613	5	nj3a	nj3a	NUM
ger-324	613	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	613	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	614	1	moon	moon	PROPN
ger-324	614	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	614	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	614	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	614	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	614	6	reifel	reifel	PROPN
ger-324	614	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	614	8	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	614	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	614	10	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	614	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	614	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	615	1	play	play	VERB
ger-324	615	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	615	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	615	4	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	615	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	615	6	a	a	DET
ger-324	615	7	diverse	diverse	ADJ
ger-324	615	8	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	615	9	pre	pre	ADJ
ger-324	615	10	-	-	NOUN
ger-324	615	11	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	615	12	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	615	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	616	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ger-324	616	2	issues	issue	NOUN
ger-324	616	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	616	4	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	616	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	616	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	616	7	9(1	9(1	NUM
ger-324	616	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	616	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	616	10	49	49	NUM
ger-324	616	11	–	–	SYM
ger-324	616	12	65	65	NUM
ger-324	616	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	617	1	moyer	moyer	PROPN
ger-324	617	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	617	3	m.w	m.w	PROPN
ger-324	617	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	617	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	617	6	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	617	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	617	8	september	september	PROPN
ger-324	617	9	19	19	NUM
ger-324	617	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	617	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	618	1	can	can	AUX
ger-324	618	2	your	your	PRON
ger-324	618	3	kid	kid	NOUN
ger-324	618	4	hack	hack	VERB
ger-324	618	5	it	it	PRON
ger-324	618	6	in	in	ADP
ger-324	618	7	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	618	8	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	619	1	or	or	CCONJ
ger-324	619	2	should	should	AUX
ger-324	619	3	you	you	PRON
ger-324	619	4	redshirt	redshirt	VERB
ger-324	619	5	him	he	PRON
ger-324	619	6	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	620	1	slate	slate	NOUN
ger-324	620	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	620	3	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	620	4	from	from	ADP
ger-324	620	5	http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/the_kids/2	http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/the_kids/2	ADJ
ger-324	620	6	013/09	013/09	PROPN
ger-324	620	7	/	/	SYM
ger-324	620	8	academic_redshirting_what_does_the_rese	academic_redshirting_what_does_the_rese	PROPN
ger-324	620	9	arch_say_about_delaying_kindergarten.html	arch_say_about_delaying_kindergarten.html	PROPN
ger-324	620	10	national	national	PROPN
ger-324	620	11	governors	governors	PROPN
ger-324	620	12	association	association	PROPN
ger-324	620	13	center	center	NOUN
ger-324	620	14	for	for	ADP
ger-324	620	15	best	good	ADJ
ger-324	620	16	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-324	620	17	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	620	18	council	council	PROPN
ger-324	620	19	of	of	ADP
ger-324	620	20	chief	chief	ADJ
ger-324	620	21	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	620	22	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	620	23	officers	officer	NOUN
ger-324	620	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	621	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	621	2	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	621	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	621	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	622	1	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	622	2	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	622	3	state	state	NOUN
ger-324	622	4	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	622	5	for	for	ADP
ger-324	622	6	english	english	ADJ
ger-324	622	7	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	622	8	arts	art	NOUN
ger-324	622	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	622	10	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	622	11	in	in	ADP
ger-324	622	12	history	history	NOUN
ger-324	622	13	/	/	SYM
ger-324	622	14	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	622	15	studies	study	NOUN
ger-324	622	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	622	17	science	science	NOUN
ger-324	622	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	622	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	622	20	technical	technical	ADJ
ger-324	622	21	subjects	subject	NOUN
ger-324	622	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	623	1	washington	washington	PROPN
ger-324	623	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	623	3	d.c	d.c	PROPN
ger-324	623	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	623	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	624	1	author	author	NOUN
ger-324	624	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	625	1	national	national	PROPN
ger-324	625	2	institute	institute	PROPN
ger-324	625	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	625	4	child	child	PROPN
ger-324	625	5	health	health	PROPN
ger-324	625	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	625	7	human	human	ADJ
ger-324	625	8	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	625	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	626	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	626	2	2000	2000	NUM
ger-324	626	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	626	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	627	1	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-324	627	2	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	627	3	to	to	PART
ger-324	627	4	read	read	VERB
ger-324	627	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	627	6	an	an	DET
ger-324	627	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ger-324	627	8	based	base	VERB
ger-324	627	9	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	627	10	of	of	ADP
ger-324	627	11	the	the	DET
ger-324	627	12	scientific	scientific	ADJ
ger-324	627	13	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	627	14	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	627	15	on	on	ADP
ger-324	627	16	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	627	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	627	18	its	its	PRON
ger-324	627	19	implications	implication	NOUN
ger-324	627	20	for	for	ADP
ger-324	627	21	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	627	22	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	627	23	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	627	24	reports	report	NOUN
ger-324	627	25	of	of	ADP
ger-324	627	26	the	the	DET
ger-324	627	27	subgroups	subgroup	NOUN
ger-324	627	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	627	29	report	report	NOUN
ger-324	627	30	of	of	ADP
ger-324	627	31	the	the	DET
ger-324	627	32	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	627	33	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	627	34	panel	panel	NOUN
ger-324	627	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	627	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	628	1	washington	washington	PROPN
ger-324	628	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	628	3	dc	dc	PROPN
ger-324	628	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	628	5	us	us	PROPN
ger-324	628	6	government	government	NOUN
ger-324	628	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	629	1	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	629	2	london	london	PROPN
ger-324	629	3	group	group	NOUN
ger-324	629	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	630	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	630	2	1996	1996	NUM
ger-324	630	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	630	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	631	1	a	a	DET
ger-324	631	2	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
ger-324	631	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	631	4	multiliteracies	multiliteracie	NOUN
ger-324	631	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	631	6	designing	design	VERB
ger-324	631	7	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	631	8	futures	future	NOUN
ger-324	631	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	632	1	harvard	harvard	PROPN
ger-324	632	2	educational	educational	PROPN
ger-324	632	3	review	review	PROPN
ger-324	632	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	632	5	66(1	66(1	NOUN
ger-324	632	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	632	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	632	8	60	60	NUM
ger-324	632	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	633	1	no	no	DET
ger-324	633	2	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	633	3	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	633	4	behind	behind	ADP
ger-324	633	5	act	act	NOUN
ger-324	633	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	633	7	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	633	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	634	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	634	2	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	634	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	634	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	635	1	pl	pl	PROPN
ger-324	635	2	107–110	107–110	NUM
ger-324	635	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	636	1	available	available	ADJ
ger-324	636	2	at	at	ADP
ger-324	636	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	636	4	http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index	http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index	PROPN
ger-324	636	5	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	636	6	html	html	PROPN
ger-324	636	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	637	1	office	office	NOUN
ger-324	637	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	637	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	637	4	white	white	PROPN
ger-324	637	5	house	house	PROPN
ger-324	637	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	638	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	638	2	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	638	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	638	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	639	1	good	good	ADJ
ger-324	639	2	start	start	NOUN
ger-324	639	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	639	4	grow	grow	VERB
ger-324	639	5	smart	smart	ADJ
ger-324	639	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	639	7	the	the	DET
ger-324	639	8	bush	bush	PROPN
ger-324	639	9	administration	administration	NOUN
ger-324	639	10	's	's	PART
ger-324	639	11	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	639	12	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	639	13	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ger-324	639	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	640	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	640	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	640	3	http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/earlychildhood	http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/earlychildhood	PROPN
ger-324	640	4	/sect1.html	/sect1.html	X
ger-324	640	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	641	1	office	office	NOUN
ger-324	641	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	641	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	641	4	white	white	PROPN
ger-324	641	5	house	house	PROPN
ger-324	641	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	642	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	642	2	2003	2003	NUM
ger-324	642	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	642	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	643	1	president	president	PROPN
ger-324	643	2	bush	bush	PROPN
ger-324	643	3	celebrates	celebrate	VERB
ger-324	643	4	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	643	5	anniversary	anniversary	NOUN
ger-324	643	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	643	7	no	no	DET
ger-324	643	8	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	643	9	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	643	10	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	643	11	[	[	X
ger-324	643	12	press	press	NOUN
ger-324	643	13	release	release	NOUN
ger-324	643	14	]	]	PUNCT
ger-324	643	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	644	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	644	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	644	3	http://georgewbushwhitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20	http://georgewbushwhitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20	PROPN
ger-324	644	4	030108-4.html	030108-4.html	NUM
ger-324	644	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	645	1	paris	paris	PROPN
ger-324	645	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	645	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	645	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	645	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	645	6	2005	2005	NUM
ger-324	645	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	645	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	646	1	reinterpreting	reinterpret	VERB
ger-324	646	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	646	3	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	646	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	646	5	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	646	6	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	646	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	647	1	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	647	2	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	647	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
ger-324	647	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	647	5	40	40	NUM
ger-324	647	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	647	7	184–202	184–202	NUM
ger-324	647	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	648	1	doi:10.1598	doi:10.1598	ADJ
ger-324	648	2	/	/	SYM
ger-324	648	3	rrq.40.2.3	rrq.40.2.3	NOUN
ger-324	648	4	paris	paris	PROPN
ger-324	648	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	648	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	648	7	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	648	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	648	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	648	10	hoffman	hoffman	PROPN
ger-324	648	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	648	12	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	648	13	v.	v.	PROPN
ger-324	648	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	648	15	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	648	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	648	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	649	1	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	649	2	assessments	assessment	NOUN
ger-324	649	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	649	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	649	5	through	through	ADP
ger-324	649	6	third	third	ADJ
ger-324	649	7	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	649	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	649	9	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-324	649	10	from	from	ADP
ger-324	649	11	the	the	DET
ger-324	649	12	center	center	NOUN
ger-324	649	13	for	for	ADP
ger-324	649	14	the	the	DET
ger-324	649	15	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ger-324	649	16	of	of	ADP
ger-324	649	17	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	649	18	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	649	19	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	649	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	650	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	650	2	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-324	650	3	school	school	PROPN
ger-324	650	4	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	650	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	650	6	105(2	105(2	NUM
ger-324	650	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	650	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	650	9	199	199	NUM
ger-324	650	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	650	11	217	217	NUM
ger-324	650	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	651	1	paris	paris	PROPN
ger-324	651	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	651	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	651	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	651	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	651	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	651	7	luo	luo	PROPN
ger-324	651	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	651	9	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	651	10	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-324	651	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	651	12	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	651	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	651	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	652	1	confounded	confound	VERB
ger-324	652	2	statistical	statistical	ADJ
ger-324	652	3	analyses	analysis	NOUN
ger-324	652	4	hinder	hinder	NOUN
ger-324	652	5	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
ger-324	652	6	of	of	ADP
ger-324	652	7	the	the	DET
ger-324	652	8	nelp	nelp	PROPN
ger-324	652	9	report	report	PROPN
ger-324	652	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	653	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	653	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	653	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	653	4	39	39	NUM
ger-324	653	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	653	6	316–322	316–322	NUM
ger-324	653	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	653	8	doi:10.3102/0013189x10369828	doi:10.3102/0013189x10369828	PROPN
ger-324	653	9	parker	parker	PROPN
ger-324	653	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	653	11	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-324	653	12	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	653	13	neuharth	neuharth	PROPN
ger-324	653	14	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	653	15	pritchett	pritchett	PROPN
ger-324	653	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	653	17	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	653	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	653	19	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	653	20	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	653	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	654	1	developmentally	developmentally	ADV
ger-324	654	2	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-324	654	3	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	654	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	654	5	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	654	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	654	7	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-324	654	8	shaping	shape	VERB
ger-324	654	9	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	654	10	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-324	654	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	654	12	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	654	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	655	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	655	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	655	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	655	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	655	5	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	655	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	655	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	655	8	21(1	21(1	NUM
ger-324	655	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	655	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	655	11	65	65	NUM
ger-324	655	12	-	-	SYM
ger-324	655	13	78	78	NUM
ger-324	655	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	656	1	doi	doi	NOUN
ger-324	656	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	656	3	10.1080/02568540609594579	10.1080/02568540609594579	NUM
ger-324	656	4	parker	parker	NOUN
ger-324	656	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	656	6	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	656	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	656	8	diffey	diffey	PROPN
ger-324	656	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	656	10	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	656	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	656	12	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	656	13	atchison	atchison	PROPN
ger-324	656	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	656	15	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	656	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	656	17	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	656	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	656	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	657	1	full	full	ADJ
ger-324	657	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	657	3	day	day	NOUN
ger-324	657	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	657	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	657	6	a	a	DET
ger-324	657	7	look	look	NOUN
ger-324	657	8	across	across	ADP
ger-324	657	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	657	10	states	state	NOUN
ger-324	657	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	658	1	denver	denver	PROPN
ger-324	658	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	658	3	co	co	NOUN
ger-324	658	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	658	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	658	6	commission	commission	NOUN
ger-324	658	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	658	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	658	9	states	state	NOUN
ger-324	658	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	659	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	659	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	659	3	http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/full-daykindergarten-a-look-across-the-states.pdf	http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/full-daykindergarten-a-look-across-the-states.pdf	PROPN
ger-324	659	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	660	1	paul	paul	PROPN
ger-324	660	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	660	3	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-324	660	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	660	5	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	660	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	660	7	august	august	PROPN
ger-324	660	8	20	20	NUM
ger-324	660	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	660	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	661	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	661	2	littlest	little	ADJ
ger-324	661	3	redshirts	redshirt	NOUN
ger-324	661	4	sit	sit	VERB
ger-324	661	5	out	out	ADP
ger-324	661	6	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	661	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	662	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-324	662	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-324	662	3	times	times	PROPN
ger-324	662	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	663	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	663	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	663	3	http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/fashion/22c	http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/fashion/22c	PROPN
ger-324	663	4	ultural.html?pagewanted=all	ultural.html?pagewanted=all	PROPN
ger-324	663	5	pearson	pearson	PROPN
ger-324	663	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	663	7	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-324	663	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	663	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	663	10	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	663	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	663	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	664	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	664	2	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	664	3	wars	war	NOUN
ger-324	664	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	665	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	665	2	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	665	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	665	4	18(1	18(1	NUM
ger-324	665	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	665	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	665	7	216–252	216–252	NUM
ger-324	665	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	666	1	http://doi.org/10.1177/0895904803260041	http://doi.org/10.1177/0895904803260041	PROPN
ger-324	666	2	pearson	pearson	PROPN
ger-324	666	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	666	4	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-324	666	5	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	666	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	666	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	666	8	hiebert	hiebert	PROPN
ger-324	666	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	666	10	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	666	11	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	666	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	666	13	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	666	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	666	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	667	1	national	national	ADJ
ger-324	667	2	reports	report	NOUN
ger-324	667	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	667	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	667	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	667	6	building	build	VERB
ger-324	667	7	a	a	DET
ger-324	667	8	scientific	scientific	ADJ
ger-324	667	9	base	base	NOUN
ger-324	667	10	for	for	ADP
ger-324	667	11	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-324	667	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	667	13	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/08/02/the-disturbing-shift-underway-in-early-childhood-classrooms/	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/08/02/the-disturbing-shift-underway-in-early-childhood-classrooms/	PROPN
ger-324	667	14	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/08/02/the-disturbing-shift-underway-in-early-childhood-classrooms/	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/08/02/the-disturbing-shift-underway-in-early-childhood-classrooms/	PROPN
ger-324	667	15	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/08/02/the-disturbing-shift-underway-in-early-childhood-classrooms/	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/08/02/the-disturbing-shift-underway-in-early-childhood-classrooms/	PROPN
ger-324	667	16	http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/the_kids/2013/09/academic_redshirting_what_does_the_research_say_about_delaying_kindergarten.html	http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/the_kids/2013/09/academic_redshirting_what_does_the_research_say_about_delaying_kindergarten.html	PROPN
ger-324	667	17	http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/the_kids/2013/09/academic_redshirting_what_does_the_research_say_about_delaying_kindergarten.html	http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/the_kids/2013/09/academic_redshirting_what_does_the_research_say_about_delaying_kindergarten.html	PROPN
ger-324	667	18	http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/the_kids/2013/09/academic_redshirting_what_does_the_research_say_about_delaying_kindergarten.html	http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/the_kids/2013/09/academic_redshirting_what_does_the_research_say_about_delaying_kindergarten.html	PROPN
ger-324	667	19	http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html	http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html	ADJ
ger-324	667	20	http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html	http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html	PROPN
ger-324	667	21	http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/earlychildhood/sect1.html	http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/earlychildhood/sect1.html	PROPN
ger-324	668	1	http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/earlychildhood/sect1.html	http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/earlychildhood/sect1.html	PRON
ger-324	668	2	http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030108-4.html	http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030108-4.html	VERB
ger-324	668	3	http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030108-4.html	http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030108-4.html	VERB
ger-324	668	4	http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030108-4.html	http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/01/20030108-4.html	VERB
ger-324	669	1	http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/full-day-kindergarten-a-look-across-the-states.pdf	http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/full-day-kindergarten-a-look-across-the-states.pdf	PROPN
ger-324	669	2	http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/full-day-kindergarten-a-look-across-the-states.pdf	http://www.ecs.org/ec-content/uploads/full-day-kindergarten-a-look-across-the-states.pdf	PROPN
ger-324	669	3	http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/fashion/22cultural.html?pagewanted=all	http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/fashion/22cultural.html?pagewanted=all	NOUN
ger-324	669	4	http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/fashion/22cultural.html?pagewanted=all	http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/22/fashion/22cultural.html?pagewanted=all	PROPN
ger-324	669	5	http://doi.org/10.1177/0895904803260041	http://doi.org/10.1177/0895904803260041	PROPN
ger-324	669	6	was	be	AUX
ger-324	669	7	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	669	8	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	669	9	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	669	10	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	670	1	74	74	NUM
ger-324	670	2	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	670	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	671	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	671	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ger-324	671	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	671	4	39(4	39(4	NOUN
ger-324	671	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	671	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	671	7	286–294	286–294	NUM
ger-324	671	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	672	1	http://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x10370205	http://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x10370205	VERB
ger-324	672	2	perry	perry	PROPN
ger-324	672	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	672	4	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	672	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	672	6	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	672	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	672	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	673	1	what	what	PRON
ger-324	673	2	is	be	AUX
ger-324	673	3	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	673	4	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	674	1	–	–	PUNCT
ger-324	674	2	a	a	DET
ger-324	674	3	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	674	4	overview	overview	NOUN
ger-324	674	5	of	of	ADP
ger-324	674	6	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
ger-324	674	7	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	674	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	675	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	675	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	675	3	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	675	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	675	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	675	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	675	7	[	[	X
ger-324	675	8	online	online	X
ger-324	675	9	]	]	X
ger-324	675	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	675	11	8(1	8(1	NOUN
ger-324	675	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	675	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	675	14	50	50	NUM
ger-324	675	15	-	-	SYM
ger-324	675	16	71	71	NUM
ger-324	675	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	675	18	available	available	ADJ
ger-324	675	19	at	at	ADP
ger-324	675	20	http://jolle.coe.uga.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2012/06/what-isliteracy_kperry.pdf	http://jolle.coe.uga.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2012/06/what-isliteracy_kperry.pdf	PROPN
ger-324	675	21	pennington	pennington	PROPN
ger-324	675	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	675	23	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	675	24	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	675	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	675	26	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	675	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	675	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	676	1	re	re	VERB
ger-324	676	2	-	-	VERB
ger-324	676	3	viewing	view	VERB
ger-324	676	4	nclb	nclb	NOUN
ger-324	676	5	through	through	ADP
ger-324	676	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	676	7	figured	figured	ADJ
ger-324	676	8	worlds	world	NOUN
ger-324	676	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	676	10	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	676	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	676	12	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	676	13	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	676	14	creating	create	VERB
ger-324	676	15	a	a	DET
ger-324	676	16	space	space	NOUN
ger-324	676	17	for	for	ADP
ger-324	676	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	676	19	agency	agency	NOUN
ger-324	676	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	676	21	improvisation	improvisation	NOUN
ger-324	676	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	677	1	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	677	2	arts	art	NOUN
ger-324	677	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	677	4	84	84	NUM
ger-324	677	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	677	6	465	465	NUM
ger-324	677	7	-	-	SYM
ger-324	677	8	474	474	NUM
ger-324	677	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	678	1	pinnell	pinnell	INTJ
ger-324	678	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	678	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	678	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	678	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	678	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	678	7	fountas	founta	NOUN
ger-324	678	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	678	9	i.	i.	PROPN
ger-324	678	10	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	678	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	678	12	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	678	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	678	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	679	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	679	2	continuum	continuum	NOUN
ger-324	679	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	679	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	679	5	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	679	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	679	7	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-324	679	8	k-8	k-8	PROPN
ger-324	679	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	679	10	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
ger-324	679	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	679	12	understandings	understanding	NOUN
ger-324	679	13	to	to	PART
ger-324	679	14	notice	notice	VERB
ger-324	679	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	679	16	teach	teach	VERB
ger-324	679	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	679	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	679	19	support	support	NOUN
ger-324	679	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	680	1	portsmouth	portsmouth	PROPN
ger-324	680	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	680	3	nh	nh	PROPN
ger-324	680	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	680	5	heinemann	heinemann	PROPN
ger-324	680	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	680	7	pondiscio	pondiscio	PROPN
ger-324	680	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	680	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	680	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	680	11	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	680	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	680	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	680	14	is	be	AUX
ger-324	680	15	common	common	ADJ
ger-324	680	16	core	core	NOUN
ger-324	680	17	too	too	ADV
ger-324	680	18	hard	hard	ADV
ger-324	680	19	for	for	ADP
ger-324	680	20	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	680	21	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	681	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	681	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	681	3	http://edexcellence.net/articles/is-common-coretoo-hard-for-kindergarten	http://edexcellence.net/articles/is-common-coretoo-hard-for-kindergarten	PROPN
ger-324	681	4	riley	riley	PROPN
ger-324	681	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	681	6	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	681	7	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	681	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	681	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	681	10	jones	jones	PROPN
ger-324	681	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	681	12	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	681	13	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	681	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	681	15	2010	2010	NUM
ger-324	681	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	681	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	682	1	acknowledging	acknowledge	VERB
ger-324	682	2	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	682	3	through	through	ADP
ger-324	682	4	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	682	5	in	in	ADP
ger-324	682	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	682	7	primary	primary	ADJ
ger-324	682	8	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-324	682	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	683	1	childhood	childhood	PROPN
ger-324	683	2	education	education	PROPN
ger-324	683	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	683	4	86(3	86(3	PROPN
ger-324	683	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	683	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	683	7	146	146	NUM
ger-324	683	8	-	-	SYM
ger-324	683	9	149	149	NUM
ger-324	683	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	684	1	rimm	rimm	NOUN
ger-324	684	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	684	3	kaufman	kaufman	PROPN
ger-324	684	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	684	5	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	684	6	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	684	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	684	8	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	684	9	pianta	pianta	PROPN
ger-324	684	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	684	11	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	684	12	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	684	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	684	14	2000	2000	NUM
ger-324	684	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	684	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	685	1	an	an	DET
ger-324	685	2	ecological	ecological	ADJ
ger-324	685	3	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ger-324	685	4	on	on	ADP
ger-324	685	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	685	6	transition	transition	NOUN
ger-324	685	7	to	to	ADP
ger-324	685	8	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	685	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	685	10	a	a	DET
ger-324	685	11	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ger-324	685	12	framework	framework	NOUN
ger-324	685	13	to	to	PART
ger-324	685	14	guide	guide	VERB
ger-324	685	15	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ger-324	685	16	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	685	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	686	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	686	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	686	3	applied	apply	VERB
ger-324	686	4	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	686	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
ger-324	686	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	686	7	21(5	21(5	NUM
ger-324	686	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	686	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	686	10	491	491	NUM
ger-324	686	11	-	-	SYM
ger-324	686	12	511	511	NUM
ger-324	686	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	687	1	rogers	rogers	PROPN
ger-324	687	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	687	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	687	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	687	5	malancharuvil	malancharuvil	ADJ
ger-324	687	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	687	7	berkes	berkes	PROPN
ger-324	687	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	687	9	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	687	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	687	11	mosley	mosley	PROPN
ger-324	687	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	687	13	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	687	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	687	15	hui	hui	PROPN
ger-324	687	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	687	17	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	687	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	687	19	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	687	20	joseph	joseph	PROPN
ger-324	687	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	687	22	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	687	23	o.	o.	PROPN
ger-324	687	24	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	687	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	687	26	2005	2005	NUM
ger-324	687	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	687	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	688	1	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	688	2	discourse	discourse	NOUN
ger-324	688	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-324	688	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	688	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	688	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	688	7	a	a	DET
ger-324	688	8	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	688	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	688	10	the	the	DET
ger-324	688	11	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-324	688	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	689	1	review	review	NOUN
ger-324	689	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	689	3	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	689	4	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	689	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	689	6	75(3	75(3	NUM
ger-324	689	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	689	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	689	9	365	365	NUM
ger-324	689	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	689	11	416	416	NUM
ger-324	689	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	690	1	russell	russell	PROPN
ger-324	690	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	690	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	690	4	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	690	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	690	6	2011	2011	NUM
ger-324	690	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	690	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	691	1	from	from	ADP
ger-324	691	2	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	691	3	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	691	4	garden	garden	NOUN
ger-324	691	5	to	to	ADP
ger-324	691	6	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	691	7	press	press	NOUN
ger-324	691	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	691	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	691	10	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	691	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	691	12	shifting	shift	VERB
ger-324	691	13	institutional	institutional	ADJ
ger-324	691	14	logics	logic	NOUN
ger-324	691	15	in	in	ADP
ger-324	691	16	redefining	redefine	VERB
ger-324	691	17	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	691	18	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	691	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	692	1	american	american	ADJ
ger-324	692	2	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-324	692	3	research	research	PROPN
ger-324	692	4	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	692	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	692	6	48(2	48(2	NUM
ger-324	692	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	692	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	692	9	236	236	NUM
ger-324	692	10	-	-	SYM
ger-324	692	11	267	267	NUM
ger-324	692	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	693	1	shaul	shaul	PROPN
ger-324	693	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	693	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	693	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	693	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	693	6	schwartz	schwartz	PROPN
ger-324	693	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	693	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	693	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	693	10	2014	2014	NUM
ger-324	693	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	693	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	694	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	694	2	role	role	NOUN
ger-324	694	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	694	4	the	the	DET
ger-324	694	5	executive	executive	ADJ
ger-324	694	6	functions	function	NOUN
ger-324	694	7	in	in	ADP
ger-324	694	8	school	school	NOUN
ger-324	694	9	readiness	readiness	NOUN
ger-324	694	10	among	among	ADP
ger-324	694	11	preschool	preschool	ADJ
ger-324	694	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	694	13	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	694	14	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	694	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	695	1	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	695	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	695	3	writing	writing	NOUN
ger-324	695	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	695	5	27(4	27(4	PROPN
ger-324	695	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	695	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	695	8	749	749	NUM
ger-324	695	9	-	-	SYM
ger-324	695	10	768	768	NUM
ger-324	695	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	696	1	sleeter	sleeter	NOUN
ger-324	696	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	696	3	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-324	696	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	696	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	696	6	2012	2012	NUM
ger-324	696	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	696	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	697	1	confronting	confront	VERB
ger-324	697	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	697	3	marginalization	marginalization	NOUN
ger-324	697	4	of	of	ADP
ger-324	697	5	culturally	culturally	ADV
ger-324	697	6	responsive	responsive	ADJ
ger-324	697	7	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
ger-324	697	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	698	1	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-324	698	2	education	education	PROPN
ger-324	698	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	698	4	47(3	47(3	NOUN
ger-324	698	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	698	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	698	7	562	562	NUM
ger-324	698	8	-	-	SYM
ger-324	698	9	584	584	NUM
ger-324	698	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	699	1	snow	snow	NOUN
ger-324	699	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	699	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	699	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	699	5	2013	2013	NUM
ger-324	699	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	699	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	700	1	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	700	2	news	news	NOUN
ger-324	700	3	you	you	PRON
ger-324	700	4	can	can	AUX
ger-324	700	5	use	use	VERB
ger-324	700	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	700	7	debunking	debunk	VERB
ger-324	700	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	700	9	play	play	NOUN
ger-324	700	10	vs.	vs.	ADP
ger-324	700	11	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	700	12	dichotomy	dichotomy	NOUN
ger-324	700	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	701	1	washington	washington	PROPN
ger-324	701	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	701	3	d.c	d.c	PROPN
ger-324	701	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	701	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	701	6	national	national	PROPN
ger-324	701	7	association	association	PROPN
ger-324	701	8	for	for	ADP
ger-324	701	9	the	the	DET
ger-324	701	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	701	11	of	of	ADP
ger-324	701	12	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	701	13	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	701	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	702	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	702	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	702	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	702	4	https://www.naeyc.org/content/research-news-youcan-use-play-vs-learning	https://www.naeyc.org/content/research-news-youcan-use-play-vs-learne	VERB
ger-324	702	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	702	6	spillane	spillane	PROPN
ger-324	702	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	702	8	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	702	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	702	10	2004	2004	NUM
ger-324	702	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	702	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	703	1	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-324	703	2	deviation	deviation	NOUN
ger-324	703	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	703	4	how	how	SCONJ
ger-324	703	5	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	703	6	misunderstand	misunderstand	VERB
ger-324	703	7	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	703	8	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	703	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	704	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ger-324	704	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	704	3	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-324	704	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	704	5	harvard	harvard	PROPN
ger-324	704	6	university	university	PROPN
ger-324	704	7	press	press	NOUN
ger-324	704	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	705	1	stipek	stipek	PROPN
ger-324	705	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	705	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	705	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	705	5	2002	2002	NUM
ger-324	705	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	705	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	706	1	at	at	ADP
ger-324	706	2	what	what	DET
ger-324	706	3	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	706	4	should	should	AUX
ger-324	706	5	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	706	6	enter	enter	VERB
ger-324	706	7	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	706	8	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	707	1	a	a	DET
ger-324	707	2	question	question	NOUN
ger-324	707	3	for	for	ADP
ger-324	707	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	707	5	makers	maker	NOUN
ger-324	707	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	707	7	parents	parent	NOUN
ger-324	707	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	708	1	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	708	2	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	708	3	report	report	NOUN
ger-324	708	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	708	5	16(2	16(2	NUM
ger-324	708	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	708	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	708	8	3–16	3–16	PROPN
ger-324	708	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	708	10	stipek	stipek	PROPN
ger-324	708	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	708	12	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	708	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	708	14	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	708	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	708	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	709	1	no	no	DET
ger-324	709	2	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	709	3	left	leave	VERB
ger-324	709	4	behind	behind	ADV
ger-324	709	5	comes	come	VERB
ger-324	709	6	to	to	ADP
ger-324	709	7	preschool	preschool	PROPN
ger-324	709	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	710	1	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-324	710	2	school	school	PROPN
ger-324	710	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	710	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	710	5	106	106	NUM
ger-324	710	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	710	7	455–65	455–65	NUM
ger-324	710	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	711	1	stipek	stipek	PROPN
ger-324	711	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	711	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	711	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	711	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	711	6	byler	byler	PROPN
ger-324	711	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	711	8	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-324	711	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	711	10	2001	2001	NUM
ger-324	711	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	711	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	712	1	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-324	712	2	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	712	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	712	4	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	712	5	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
ger-324	712	6	associated	associate	VERB
ger-324	712	7	with	with	ADP
ger-324	712	8	age	age	NOUN
ger-324	712	9	of	of	ADP
ger-324	712	10	entry	entry	NOUN
ger-324	712	11	into	into	ADP
ger-324	712	12	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	712	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	713	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-324	713	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	713	3	applied	apply	VERB
ger-324	713	4	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ger-324	713	5	psychology	psychology	NOUN
ger-324	713	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	713	7	22(2	22(2	NUM
ger-324	713	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	713	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	713	10	175	175	NUM
ger-324	713	11	-	-	SYM
ger-324	713	12	189	189	NUM
ger-324	713	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	714	1	stipek	stipek	PROPN
ger-324	714	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	714	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	714	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	714	5	felier	felier	PROPN
ger-324	714	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	714	7	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-324	714	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	714	9	daniels	daniels	PROPN
ger-324	714	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	714	11	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-324	714	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	714	13	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	714	14	milburn	milburn	PROPN
ger-324	714	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	714	16	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	714	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	714	18	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	714	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	714	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	715	1	effects	effect	NOUN
ger-324	715	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	715	3	different	different	ADJ
ger-324	715	4	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-324	715	5	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-324	715	6	on	on	ADP
ger-324	715	7	young	young	ADJ
ger-324	715	8	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	715	9	’s	’s	PART
ger-324	715	10	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	715	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	715	12	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ger-324	715	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	716	1	child	child	NOUN
ger-324	716	2	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	716	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	716	4	66	66	NUM
ger-324	716	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	716	6	209	209	NUM
ger-324	716	7	-	-	SYM
ger-324	716	8	223	223	NUM
ger-324	716	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	717	1	strauss	strauss	PROPN
ger-324	717	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	717	3	v.	v.	PROPN
ger-324	717	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	717	5	2016	2016	NUM
ger-324	717	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	717	7	january	january	PROPN
ger-324	717	8	19	19	NUM
ger-324	717	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	717	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	718	1	is	be	AUX
ger-324	718	2	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	718	3	the	the	DET
ger-324	718	4	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	718	5	first	first	ADJ
ger-324	718	6	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-324	718	7	?	?	PUNCT
ger-324	719	1	it	it	PRON
ger-324	719	2	’s	’	VERB
ger-324	719	3	actually	actually	ADV
ger-324	719	4	worse	bad	ADJ
ger-324	719	5	than	than	ADP
ger-324	719	6	that	that	PRON
ger-324	719	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	720	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	720	2	washington	washington	PROPN
ger-324	720	3	post	post	PROPN
ger-324	720	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	720	5	answer	answer	NOUN
ger-324	720	6	sheet	sheet	NOUN
ger-324	720	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	721	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-324	721	2	from	from	ADP
ger-324	721	3	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answersheet/wp/2016/01/19/kindergarten-the-new-firstgrade-its-actually-worse-than-that/	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answersheet/wp/2016/01/19/kindergarten-the-new-firstgrade-its-actually-worse-than-that/	PROPN
ger-324	721	4	street	street	PROPN
ger-324	721	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	721	6	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	722	1	v.	v.	PROPN
ger-324	722	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	722	3	1995	1995	NUM
ger-324	722	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	722	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	723	1	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	723	2	literacies	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	723	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	723	4	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-324	723	5	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-324	723	6	to	to	ADP
ger-324	723	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	723	8	in	in	ADP
ger-324	723	9	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	723	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	723	11	ethnography	ethnography	NOUN
ger-324	723	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	723	13	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	723	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	724	1	london	london	PROPN
ger-324	724	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	724	3	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-324	724	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	725	1	street	street	PROPN
ger-324	725	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	725	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-324	725	4	v.	v.	PROPN
ger-324	725	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	725	6	2008	2008	NUM
ger-324	725	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	725	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	726	1	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	726	2	literacies	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	726	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	726	4	new	new	ADJ
ger-324	726	5	times	time	NOUN
ger-324	726	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	726	7	developments	development	NOUN
ger-324	726	8	in	in	ADP
ger-324	726	9	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	726	10	studies	study	NOUN
ger-324	726	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	727	1	in	in	ADP
ger-324	727	2	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-324	727	3	of	of	ADP
ger-324	727	4	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	727	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	727	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	727	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	727	8	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-324	727	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	728	1	418	418	NUM
ger-324	728	2	-	-	SYM
ger-324	728	3	431	431	NUM
ger-324	728	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	728	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	729	1	springer	springer	PROPN
ger-324	729	2	us	we	PRON
ger-324	729	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	730	1	tach	tach	PROPN
ger-324	730	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	730	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	730	4	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-324	730	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	730	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	730	7	farkas	farkas	PROPN
ger-324	730	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	730	9	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-324	730	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	730	11	2006	2006	NUM
ger-324	730	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	730	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	731	1	learning	learn	VERB
ger-324	731	2	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	731	3	related	relate	VERB
ger-324	731	4	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
ger-324	731	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	731	6	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
ger-324	731	7	skills	skill	NOUN
ger-324	731	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	731	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	731	10	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-324	731	11	grouping	group	VERB
ger-324	731	12	when	when	SCONJ
ger-324	731	13	schooling	schooling	NOUN
ger-324	731	14	begins	begin	VERB
ger-324	731	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	732	1	social	social	ADJ
ger-324	732	2	science	science	NOUN
ger-324	732	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	732	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	732	5	35(4	35(4	NUM
ger-324	732	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	732	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	732	8	1048–1079	1048–1079	NUM
ger-324	732	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	733	1	teale	teale	PROPN
ger-324	733	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	733	3	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-324	733	4	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	733	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	733	6	paciga	paciga	PROPN
ger-324	733	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	733	8	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-324	733	9	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-324	733	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	733	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	733	12	hoffman	hoffman	PROPN
ger-324	733	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	733	14	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-324	733	15	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	733	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	733	17	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	733	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	733	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	734	1	beginning	begin	VERB
ger-324	734	2	reading	read	VERB
ger-324	734	3	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	734	4	in	in	ADP
ger-324	734	5	urban	urban	ADJ
ger-324	734	6	schools	school	NOUN
ger-324	734	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	734	8	the	the	DET
ger-324	734	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	734	10	gap	gap	NOUN
ger-324	734	11	ensures	ensure	VERB
ger-324	734	12	a	a	DET
ger-324	734	13	continuing	continue	VERB
ger-324	734	14	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-324	734	15	gap	gap	NOUN
ger-324	734	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	735	1	the	the	DET
ger-324	735	2	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-324	735	3	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	735	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	735	5	61(4	61(4	NUM
ger-324	735	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	735	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	735	8	344	344	NUM
ger-324	735	9	-	-	SYM
ger-324	735	10	348	348	NUM
ger-324	735	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	736	1	valli	valli	PROPN
ger-324	736	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	736	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-324	736	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	736	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	736	6	chambliss	chambliss	PROPN
ger-324	736	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	736	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-324	736	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	736	10	2007	2007	NUM
ger-324	736	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	736	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	737	1	creating	create	VERB
ger-324	737	2	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-324	737	3	cultures	culture	NOUN
ger-324	737	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	737	5	one	one	NUM
ger-324	737	6	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	737	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	737	8	two	two	NUM
ger-324	737	9	lessons	lesson	NOUN
ger-324	737	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	737	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	737	12	a	a	DET
ger-324	737	13	highstakes	highstake	NOUN
ger-324	737	14	test	test	NOUN
ger-324	737	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	738	1	anthropology	anthropology	NOUN
ger-324	738	2	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	738	3	education	education	PROPN
ger-324	738	4	quarterly	quarterly	PROPN
ger-324	738	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	738	6	38(1	38(1	NUM
ger-324	738	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	738	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	738	9	57–75	57–75	NUM
ger-324	738	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	739	1	http://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.2007.38.1.57	http://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.2007.38.1.57	PROPN
ger-324	739	2	vygotsky	vygotsky	PROPN
ger-324	739	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	739	4	l.s	l.s	PROPN
ger-324	739	5	.	.	PROPN
ger-324	739	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	739	7	1978	1978	NUM
ger-324	739	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	739	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	740	1	mind	mind	NOUN
ger-324	740	2	in	in	ADP
ger-324	740	3	society	society	NOUN
ger-324	740	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	740	5	the	the	DET
ger-324	740	6	development	development	NOUN
ger-324	740	7	of	of	ADP
ger-324	740	8	higher	high	ADJ
ger-324	740	9	psychological	psychological	ADJ
ger-324	740	10	processes	process	NOUN
ger-324	740	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	741	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ger-324	741	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	741	3	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-324	741	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	741	5	harvard	harvard	PROPN
ger-324	741	6	university	university	PROPN
ger-324	741	7	press	press	NOUN
ger-324	741	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	742	1	yoon	yoon	PROPN
ger-324	742	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	742	3	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-324	742	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-324	742	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	742	6	2015	2015	NUM
ger-324	742	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	742	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	743	1	assessing	assess	VERB
ger-324	743	2	children	child	NOUN
ger-324	743	3	in	in	ADP
ger-324	743	4	kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN
ger-324	743	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	743	6	the	the	DET
ger-324	743	7	narrowing	narrowing	NOUN
ger-324	743	8	of	of	ADP
ger-324	743	9	language	language	NOUN
ger-324	743	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	743	11	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-324	743	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	743	13	identity	identity	NOUN
ger-324	743	14	in	in	ADP
ger-324	743	15	the	the	DET
ger-324	743	16	testing	testing	NOUN
ger-324	743	17	era	era	NOUN
ger-324	743	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	744	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-324	744	2	of	of	ADP
ger-324	744	3	early	early	ADJ
ger-324	744	4	childhood	childhood	NOUN
ger-324	744	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	744	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	744	7	15(3	15(3	NUM
ger-324	744	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	744	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	744	10	364	364	NUM
ger-324	744	11	-	-	SYM
ger-324	744	12	393	393	NUM
ger-324	744	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	745	1	about	about	ADP
ger-324	745	2	the	the	DET
ger-324	745	3	author	author	NOUN
ger-324	745	4	melia	melia	PROPN
ger-324	745	5	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-324	745	6	repko	repko	PROPN
ger-324	745	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	745	8	erwin	erwin	PROPN
ger-324	745	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	745	10	melia	melia	PROPN
ger-324	745	11	repko	repko	PROPN
ger-324	745	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-324	745	13	erwin	erwin	PROPN
ger-324	745	14	is	be	AUX
ger-324	745	15	a	a	DET
ger-324	745	16	doctoral	doctoral	ADJ
ger-324	745	17	candidate	candidate	NOUN
ger-324	745	18	in	in	ADP
ger-324	745	19	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-324	745	20	&	&	CCONJ
ger-324	745	21	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	745	22	:	:	PUNCT
ger-324	745	23	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	745	24	studies	study	NOUN
ger-324	745	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	745	26	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	745	27	in	in	ADP
ger-324	745	28	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-324	745	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	745	30	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	745	31	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	745	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-324	745	33	rotate	rotate	VERB
ger-324	745	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-324	745	35	at	at	ADP
ger-324	745	36	the	the	DET
ger-324	745	37	university	university	NOUN
ger-324	745	38	of	of	ADP
ger-324	745	39	colorado	colorado	PROPN
ger-324	745	40	at	at	ADP
ger-324	745	41	boulder	boulder	NOUN
ger-324	745	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	746	1	her	her	PRON
ger-324	746	2	research	research	NOUN
ger-324	746	3	interests	interest	NOUN
ger-324	746	4	include	include	VERB
ger-324	746	5	k-8	k-8	NUM
ger-324	746	6	literacy	literacy	NOUN
ger-324	746	7	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-324	746	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	746	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-324	746	10	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-324	746	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-324	746	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-324	746	13	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-324	746	14	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-324	746	15	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-324	746	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-324	747	1	http://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x10370205	http://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x10370205	VERB
ger-324	747	2	http://jolle.coe.uga.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/what-is-literacy_kperry.pdf	http://jolle.coe.uga.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/what-is-literacy_kperry.pdf	PROPN
ger-324	747	3	http://jolle.coe.uga.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/what-is-literacy_kperry.pdf	http://jolle.coe.uga.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/what-is-literacy_kperry.pdf	PROPN
ger-324	747	4	http://jolle.coe.uga.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/what-is-literacy_kperry.pdf	http://jolle.coe.uga.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/what-is-literacy_kperry.pdf	PROPN
ger-324	747	5	http://edexcellence.net/articles/is-common-core-too-hard-for-kindergarten	http://edexcellence.net/articles/is-common-core-too-hard-for-kindergarten	VERB
ger-324	747	6	http://edexcellence.net/articles/is-common-core-too-hard-for-kindergarten	http://edexcellence.net/articles/is-common-core-too-hard-for-kindergarten	VERB
ger-324	747	7	https://www.naeyc.org/content/research-news-you-can-use-play-vs-learning	https://www.naeyc.org/content/research-news-you-can-use-play-vs-learning	NOUN
ger-324	747	8	https://www.naeyc.org/content/research-news-you-can-use-play-vs-learning	https://www.naeyc.org/content/research-news-you-can-use-play-vs-learning	PROPN
ger-324	748	1	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/01/19/kindergarten-the-new-first-grade-its-actually-worse-than-that/	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/01/19/kindergarten-the-new-first-grade-its-actually-worse-than-that/	PROPN
ger-324	748	2	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/01/19/kindergarten-the-new-first-grade-its-actually-worse-than-that/	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/01/19/kindergarten-the-new-first-grade-its-actually-worse-than-that/	PROPN
ger-324	748	3	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/01/19/kindergarten-the-new-first-grade-its-actually-worse-than-that/	https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/01/19/kindergarten-the-new-first-grade-its-actually-worse-than-that/	PROPN
ger-324	748	4	http://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.2007.38.1.57	http://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.2007.38.1.57	PROPN