id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ger-412	1	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	1	2	to	to	PART
ger-412	1	3	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	1	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	1	5	29	29	NUM
ger-412	1	6	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	2	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	3	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	4	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	5	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	6	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	7	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	8	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	9	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	10	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	11	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	12	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	13	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	14	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	15	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	16	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	17	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	18	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	19	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	20	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	21	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	22	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	23	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	24	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	25	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	26	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	27	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	28	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	29	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	30	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	31	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	32	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	33	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	34	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	35	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	36	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	37	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	38	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	39	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	40	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	41	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	42	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	43	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	44	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	45	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	46	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	47	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	48	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	49	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	50	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	51	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	52	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	53	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	54	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	55	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	56	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	57	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	58	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	59	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	60	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	61	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	62	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	63	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	64	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	65	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	66	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	67	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	68	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	69	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	70	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	71	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	72	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	73	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	74	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	75	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	76	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	77	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	78	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	79	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	80	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	81	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	82	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	83	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	84	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	85	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	86	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	87	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	88	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	89	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	90	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	91	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	92	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	93	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	94	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	95	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	96	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	97	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	98	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	99	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	100	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	101	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	102	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	103	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	104	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	105	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	106	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	107	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	108	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	109	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	110	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	111	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	112	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	113	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	114	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	115	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	116	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	117	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	118	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	119	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	120	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	121	1	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	121	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	121	3	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	121	4	is	be	AUX
ger-412	121	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	121	6	publication	publication	NOUN
ger-412	121	7	of	of	ADP
ger-412	121	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	121	9	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	121	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	121	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	121	12	at	at	ADP
ger-412	121	13	mercy	mercy	NOUN
ger-412	121	14	college	college	NOUN
ger-412	121	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	121	16	new	new	PROPN
ger-412	121	17	york	york	PROPN
ger-412	121	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	122	1	this	this	PRON
ger-412	122	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	122	3	an	an	DET
ger-412	122	4	open	open	ADJ
ger-412	122	5	access	access	NOUN
ger-412	122	6	article	article	NOUN
ger-412	122	7	distributed	distribute	VERB
ger-412	122	8	under	under	ADP
ger-412	122	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	122	10	terms	term	NOUN
ger-412	122	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	122	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	122	13	creative	creative	ADJ
ger-412	122	14	commons	common	NOUN
ger-412	122	15	attribution	attribution	NOUN
ger-412	122	16	4.0	4.0	NUM
ger-412	122	17	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	122	18	license	license	NOUN
ger-412	122	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	122	20	cc	cc	VERB
ger-412	122	21	by	by	ADP
ger-412	122	22	4.0	4.0	NUM
ger-412	122	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	122	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	122	25	permitting	permit	VERB
ger-412	122	26	all	all	DET
ger-412	122	27	use	use	NOUN
ger-412	122	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	122	29	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ger-412	122	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	122	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	122	32	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN
ger-412	122	33	in	in	ADP
ger-412	122	34	any	any	DET
ger-412	122	35	medium	medium	NOUN
ger-412	122	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	122	37	provided	provide	VERB
ger-412	122	38	the	the	DET
ger-412	122	39	original	original	ADJ
ger-412	122	40	work	work	NOUN
ger-412	122	41	is	be	AUX
ger-412	122	42	properly	properly	ADV
ger-412	122	43	cited	cite	VERB
ger-412	122	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	122	45	a	a	DET
ger-412	122	46	link	link	NOUN
ger-412	122	47	to	to	ADP
ger-412	122	48	the	the	DET
ger-412	122	49	license	license	NOUN
ger-412	122	50	is	be	AUX
ger-412	122	51	provided	provide	VERB
ger-412	122	52	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	122	53	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	122	54	you	you	PRON
ger-412	122	55	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	122	56	if	if	SCONJ
ger-412	122	57	changes	change	NOUN
ger-412	122	58	were	be	AUX
ger-412	122	59	made	make	VERB
ger-412	122	60	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	123	1	citation	citation	NOUN
ger-412	123	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	123	3	ayieko	ayieko	NOUN
ger-412	123	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	123	5	rachel	rachel	PROPN
ger-412	123	6	angela	angela	PROPN
ger-412	123	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	123	8	2018	2018	NUM
ger-412	123	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	123	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	124	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	124	2	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	124	3	between	between	ADP
ger-412	124	4	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	124	5	to	to	PART
ger-412	124	6	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	124	7	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	124	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	124	9	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	124	10	’s	’s	PART
ger-412	124	11	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	124	12	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	124	13	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	124	14	a	a	DET
ger-412	124	15	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ger-412	124	16	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	124	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	125	1	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	125	2	education	education	PROPN
ger-412	125	3	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	125	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	125	5	5	5	NUM
ger-412	125	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	125	7	3	3	NUM
ger-412	125	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	125	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	125	10	29	29	NUM
ger-412	125	11	-	-	SYM
ger-412	125	12	56	56	NUM
ger-412	125	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	126	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	126	2	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	126	3	between	between	ADP
ger-412	126	4	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	126	5	to	to	PART
ger-412	126	6	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	126	7	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	126	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	126	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	126	10	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	126	11	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	126	12	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	126	13	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	126	14	a	a	DET
ger-412	126	15	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ger-412	126	16	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	126	17	rachel	rachel	PROPN
ger-412	126	18	angela	angela	PROPN
ger-412	126	19	ayieko	ayieko	PROPN
ger-412	126	20	duquesne	duquesne	PROPN
ger-412	126	21	university	university	PROPN
ger-412	126	22	abstract	abstract	NOUN
ger-412	126	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	126	24	article	article	NOUN
ger-412	126	25	provides	provide	VERB
ger-412	126	26	a	a	DET
ger-412	126	27	report	report	NOUN
ger-412	126	28	on	on	ADP
ger-412	126	29	the	the	DET
ger-412	126	30	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	126	31	of	of	ADP
ger-412	126	32	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	126	33	to	to	PART
ger-412	126	34	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	126	35	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	126	36	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	126	37	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	126	38	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	126	39	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	126	40	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	126	41	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	126	42	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	126	43	in	in	ADP
ger-412	126	44	three	three	NUM
ger-412	126	45	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	126	46	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	126	47	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	126	48	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	126	49	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	126	50	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	126	51	the	the	DET
ger-412	126	52	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	126	53	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	126	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	127	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	127	2	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	127	3	used	use	VERB
ger-412	127	4	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	127	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	127	6	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	127	7	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	127	8	from	from	ADP
ger-412	127	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	127	10	trends	trend	NOUN
ger-412	127	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	127	12	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	127	13	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	127	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	127	15	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	127	16	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	127	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	127	18	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	127	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	127	20	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	127	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	127	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	128	1	by	by	ADP
ger-412	128	2	using	use	VERB
ger-412	128	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	128	4	multilevel	multilevel	ADJ
ger-412	128	5	regression	regression	NOUN
ger-412	128	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	128	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	128	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	128	9	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	128	10	presents	present	VERB
ger-412	128	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	128	12	models	model	NOUN
ger-412	128	13	within	within	ADP
ger-412	128	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	128	15	three	three	NUM
ger-412	128	16	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	128	17	of	of	ADP
ger-412	128	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	128	19	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	128	20	between	between	ADP
ger-412	128	21	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	128	22	to	to	PART
ger-412	128	23	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	128	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	128	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	128	26	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	128	27	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	128	28	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	128	29	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	128	30	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	128	31	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	128	32	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	128	33	of	of	ADP
ger-412	128	34	the	the	DET
ger-412	128	35	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-412	128	36	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	128	37	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	128	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	129	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	129	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	129	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	129	4	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	129	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	129	6	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	129	7	to	to	PART
ger-412	129	8	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	129	9	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	129	10	are	be	AUX
ger-412	129	11	context	context	NOUN
ger-412	129	12	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	129	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	129	14	align	align	VERB
ger-412	129	15	with	with	ADP
ger-412	129	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	129	17	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-412	129	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	129	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	129	20	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	129	21	guides	guide	VERB
ger-412	129	22	from	from	ADP
ger-412	129	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	129	24	governing	govern	VERB
ger-412	129	25	bodies	body	NOUN
ger-412	129	26	within	within	ADP
ger-412	129	27	the	the	DET
ger-412	129	28	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	129	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	130	1	also	also	ADV
ger-412	130	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	130	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	130	4	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	130	5	shows	show	VERB
ger-412	130	6	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	130	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	130	8	who	who	PRON
ger-412	130	9	learned	learn	VERB
ger-412	130	10	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	130	11	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	130	12	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	130	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	130	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	130	15	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	130	16	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	130	17	had	have	VERB
ger-412	130	18	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	130	19	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	130	20	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	130	21	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	130	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	130	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	130	24	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	130	25	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	130	26	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-412	130	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	131	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	131	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	131	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	131	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	131	5	who	who	PRON
ger-412	131	6	had	have	AUX
ger-412	131	7	been	be	AUX
ger-412	131	8	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	131	9	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	131	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	131	11	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	131	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	131	13	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	131	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	131	15	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	131	16	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	131	17	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	131	18	before	before	ADP
ger-412	131	19	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	131	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	131	21	in	in	ADP
ger-412	131	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	131	23	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	131	24	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	131	25	had	have	VERB
ger-412	131	26	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	131	27	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	131	28	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	131	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	132	1	also	also	ADV
ger-412	132	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	132	3	singaporean	singaporean	ADJ
ger-412	132	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	132	5	who	who	PRON
ger-412	132	6	had	have	AUX
ger-412	132	7	been	be	AUX
ger-412	132	8	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	132	9	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	132	10	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	132	11	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	132	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	132	13	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	132	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	132	15	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	132	16	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	132	17	had	have	VERB
ger-412	132	18	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	132	19	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	132	20	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	132	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	133	1	implications	implication	NOUN
ger-412	133	2	for	for	ADP
ger-412	133	3	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	133	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	133	5	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	133	6	are	be	AUX
ger-412	133	7	discussed	discuss	VERB
ger-412	133	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	134	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ger-412	134	2	curriculum	curriculum	PROPN
ger-412	134	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	134	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	134	5	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	134	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	134	7	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	134	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	134	9	trends	trend	NOUN
ger-412	134	10	in	in	ADP
ger-412	134	11	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	134	12	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	134	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	134	14	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	134	15	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	134	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	134	17	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	134	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	134	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	135	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ger-412	135	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	135	3	technological	technological	ADJ
ger-412	135	4	advancement	advancement	NOUN
ger-412	135	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	135	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	135	7	21st	21st	ADJ
ger-412	135	8	century	century	NOUN
ger-412	135	9	will	will	AUX
ger-412	135	10	require	require	VERB
ger-412	135	11	greater	great	ADJ
ger-412	135	12	numbers	number	NOUN
ger-412	135	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	135	14	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	135	15	graduates	graduate	NOUN
ger-412	135	16	with	with	ADP
ger-412	135	17	fluency	fluency	NOUN
ger-412	135	18	in	in	ADP
ger-412	135	19	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	135	20	technology	technology	NOUN
ger-412	135	21	engineering	engineering	NOUN
ger-412	135	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	135	23	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	135	24	related	relate	VERB
ger-412	135	25	fields	field	NOUN
ger-412	135	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	135	27	graham	graham	PROPN
ger-412	135	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	135	29	frederick	frederick	PROPN
ger-412	135	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	135	31	byars	byar	NOUN
ger-412	135	32	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	135	33	winston	winston	PROPN
ger-412	135	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	135	35	hunter	hunter	NOUN
ger-412	135	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	135	37	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	135	38	handelsman	handelsman	PROPN
ger-412	135	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	135	40	2013	2013	NUM
ger-412	135	41	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	135	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	136	1	notably	notably	ADV
ger-412	136	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	136	3	computer	computer	NOUN
ger-412	136	4	technology	technology	NOUN
ger-412	136	5	expertise	expertise	NOUN
ger-412	136	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	136	7	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ger-412	136	8	sciences	science	NOUN
ger-412	136	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	136	10	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-412	136	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	136	12	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	136	13	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	136	14	related	relate	VERB
ger-412	136	15	fields	field	NOUN
ger-412	136	16	require	require	VERB
ger-412	136	17	graduates	graduate	NOUN
ger-412	136	18	with	with	ADP
ger-412	136	19	fluency	fluency	NOUN
ger-412	136	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	136	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	136	22	use	use	NOUN
ger-412	136	23	of	of	ADP
ger-412	136	24	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ
ger-412	136	25	notation	notation	NOUN
ger-412	136	26	as	as	ADP
ger-412	136	27	a	a	DET
ger-412	136	28	tool	tool	NOUN
ger-412	136	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	136	30	nofre	nofre	ADJ
ger-412	136	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	136	32	priestley	priestley	NOUN
ger-412	136	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	136	34	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	136	35	alberts	alberts	PROPN
ger-412	136	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	136	37	2014	2014	NUM
ger-412	136	38	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	136	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	137	1	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ
ger-412	137	2	notation	notation	NOUN
ger-412	137	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	137	4	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	137	5	is	be	AUX
ger-412	137	6	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	137	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	137	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	137	9	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	137	10	strand	strand	NOUN
ger-412	137	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	137	12	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	137	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	137	14	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-412	137	15	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	137	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	137	17	is	be	AUX
ger-412	137	18	introduced	introduce	VERB
ger-412	137	19	by	by	ADP
ger-412	137	20	some	some	DET
ger-412	137	21	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	137	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	137	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	137	24	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	137	25	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	137	26	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	137	27	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	137	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	137	29	blanton	blanton	PROPN
ger-412	137	30	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	137	31	kaput	kaput	PROPN
ger-412	137	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	137	33	2005	2005	NUM
ger-412	137	34	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	137	35	macgregor	macgregor	PROPN
ger-412	137	36	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	137	37	price	price	PROPN
ger-412	137	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	137	39	2003	2003	NUM
ger-412	137	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	137	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	138	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	138	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	138	3	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	138	4	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	138	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	138	6	moses	moses	PROPN
ger-412	138	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	138	8	team	team	NOUN
ger-412	138	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	138	10	1989	1989	NUM
ger-412	138	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	138	12	introduced	introduce	VERB
ger-412	138	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	138	14	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	138	15	project	project	NOUN
ger-412	138	16	with	with	ADP
ger-412	138	17	an	an	DET
ger-412	138	18	aim	aim	NOUN
ger-412	138	19	of	of	ADP
ger-412	138	20	making	make	VERB
ger-412	138	21	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	138	22	available	available	ADJ
ger-412	138	23	to	to	ADP
ger-412	138	24	all	all	DET
ger-412	138	25	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	138	26	in	in	ADP
ger-412	138	27	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
ger-412	138	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	138	29	massachusetts	massachusetts	PROPN
ger-412	138	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	139	1	they	they	PRON
ger-412	139	2	argued	argue	VERB
ger-412	139	3	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	139	4	access	access	NOUN
ger-412	139	5	to	to	ADP
ger-412	139	6	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	139	7	would	would	AUX
ger-412	139	8	provide	provide	VERB
ger-412	139	9	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	139	10	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	140	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	141	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	142	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	143	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	144	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	145	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	146	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	147	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	148	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	149	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	150	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	151	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	152	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	153	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	154	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	155	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	156	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	157	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	158	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	159	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	160	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	161	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	162	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	163	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	164	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	165	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	166	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	167	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	168	1	_	_	PUNCT
ger-412	168	2	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
ger-412	168	3	author	author	NOUN
ger-412	168	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	168	5	rachel	rachel	PROPN
ger-412	168	6	angela	angela	PROPN
ger-412	168	7	ayieko	ayieko	PROPN
ger-412	168	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	168	9	duquesne	duquesne	PROPN
ger-412	168	10	university	university	PROPN
ger-412	168	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	168	12	106a	106a	NUM
ger-412	168	13	canevin	canevin	PROPN
ger-412	168	14	hall	hall	PROPN
ger-412	168	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	168	16	600	600	NUM
ger-412	168	17	forbes	forbes	PROPN
ger-412	168	18	ave	ave	PROPN
ger-412	168	19	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	168	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	168	21	pittsburgh	pittsburgh	PROPN
ger-412	168	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	168	23	pa	pa	PROPN
ger-412	168	24	15282	15282	NUM
ger-412	168	25	email	email	NOUN
ger-412	168	26	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	168	27	ayiekor@duq.edu	ayiekor@duq.edu	PROPN
ger-412	168	28	mailto:ayiekor@duq.edu	mailto:ayiekor@duq.edu	PROPN
ger-412	168	29	30	30	NUM
ger-412	168	30	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	168	31	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	168	32	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	168	33	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	168	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	168	35	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	168	36	with	with	ADP
ger-412	168	37	a	a	DET
ger-412	168	38	smoother	smooth	ADJ
ger-412	168	39	transition	transition	NOUN
ger-412	168	40	to	to	ADP
ger-412	168	41	high	high	ADJ
ger-412	168	42	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	168	43	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	168	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	168	45	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	168	46	in	in	ADP
ger-412	168	47	turn	turn	NOUN
ger-412	168	48	provide	provide	VERB
ger-412	168	49	a	a	DET
ger-412	168	50	gateway	gateway	NOUN
ger-412	168	51	to	to	ADP
ger-412	168	52	college	college	NOUN
ger-412	168	53	entry	entry	NOUN
ger-412	168	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	169	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-412	169	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	169	3	success	success	NOUN
ger-412	169	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	169	5	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	169	6	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	169	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	169	8	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	169	9	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	169	10	may	may	AUX
ger-412	169	11	be	be	AUX
ger-412	169	12	viewed	view	VERB
ger-412	169	13	as	as	ADP
ger-412	169	14	a	a	DET
ger-412	169	15	civil	civil	ADJ
ger-412	169	16	right	right	NOUN
ger-412	169	17	for	for	ADP
ger-412	169	18	all	all	DET
ger-412	169	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	169	20	because	because	SCONJ
ger-412	169	21	of	of	ADP
ger-412	169	22	its	its	PRON
ger-412	169	23	importance	importance	NOUN
ger-412	169	24	in	in	ADP
ger-412	169	25	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	169	26	high	high	ADJ
ger-412	169	27	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	169	28	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	169	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	169	30	college	college	NOUN
ger-412	169	31	entry	entry	NOUN
ger-412	169	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	169	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	169	34	its	its	PRON
ger-412	169	35	application	application	NOUN
ger-412	169	36	to	to	ADP
ger-412	169	37	various	various	ADJ
ger-412	169	38	fields	field	NOUN
ger-412	169	39	in	in	ADP
ger-412	169	40	the	the	DET
ger-412	169	41	present	present	ADJ
ger-412	169	42	technological	technological	ADJ
ger-412	169	43	age	age	NOUN
ger-412	169	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	170	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	170	2	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	170	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	170	4	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	170	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	170	6	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	170	7	is	be	AUX
ger-412	170	8	a	a	DET
ger-412	170	9	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ger-412	170	10	for	for	ADP
ger-412	170	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	170	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	170	13	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	170	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	170	15	kierian	kierian	ADJ
ger-412	170	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	170	17	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	170	18	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	170	19	rakes	rake	NOUN
ger-412	170	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	170	21	valentine	valentine	NOUN
ger-412	170	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	170	23	mcgatha	mcgatha	PROPN
ger-412	170	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	170	25	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	170	26	ronau	ronau	PROPN
ger-412	170	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	170	28	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	170	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	170	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	171	1	across	across	ADP
ger-412	171	2	nations	nation	NOUN
ger-412	171	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	171	4	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	171	5	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
ger-412	171	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	171	7	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-412	171	8	differ	differ	VERB
ger-412	171	9	on	on	ADP
ger-412	171	10	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	171	11	levels	level	NOUN
ger-412	171	12	for	for	ADP
ger-412	171	13	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	171	14	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	171	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	171	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	171	17	depth	depth	NOUN
ger-412	171	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	171	19	coverage	coverage	NOUN
ger-412	171	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	171	21	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-412	171	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	171	23	chin	chin	PROPN
ger-412	171	24	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	171	25	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	171	26	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	171	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	171	28	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	171	29	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	171	30	common	common	ADJ
ger-412	171	31	core	core	NOUN
ger-412	171	32	state	state	NOUN
ger-412	171	33	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-412	171	34	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ger-412	171	35	[	[	X
ger-412	171	36	ccssi	ccssi	X
ger-412	171	37	]	]	X
ger-412	171	38	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	171	39	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	171	40	kesamang	kesamang	PROPN
ger-412	171	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	171	42	mudongo	mudongo	PROPN
ger-412	171	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	171	44	keatimilwe	keatimilwe	PROPN
ger-412	171	45	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	171	46	botaane	botaane	PROPN
ger-412	171	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	171	48	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	171	49	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	171	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	172	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-412	172	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	172	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	172	4	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ger-412	172	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	172	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	172	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	172	8	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	172	9	to	to	PART
ger-412	172	10	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	172	11	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	172	12	before	before	ADP
ger-412	172	13	high	high	ADJ
ger-412	172	14	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	172	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	172	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	172	17	relating	relate	VERB
ger-412	172	18	these	these	DET
ger-412	172	19	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	172	20	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	172	21	to	to	ADP
ger-412	172	22	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	172	23	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	172	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	172	25	mastery	mastery	NOUN
ger-412	172	26	is	be	AUX
ger-412	172	27	a	a	DET
ger-412	172	28	step	step	NOUN
ger-412	172	29	towards	towards	ADP
ger-412	172	30	demystifying	demystify	VERB
ger-412	172	31	the	the	DET
ger-412	172	32	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	172	33	of	of	ADP
ger-412	172	34	this	this	DET
ger-412	172	35	component	component	NOUN
ger-412	172	36	of	of	ADP
ger-412	172	37	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	172	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	173	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	173	2	cross	cross	ADJ
ger-412	173	3	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	173	4	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	173	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	173	6	provides	provide	VERB
ger-412	173	7	a	a	DET
ger-412	173	8	broad	broad	ADJ
ger-412	173	9	scope	scope	NOUN
ger-412	173	10	for	for	ADP
ger-412	173	11	considering	consider	VERB
ger-412	173	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	173	13	possibilities	possibility	NOUN
ger-412	173	14	of	of	ADP
ger-412	173	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	173	16	influence	influence	NOUN
ger-412	173	17	of	of	ADP
ger-412	173	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	173	19	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	173	20	to	to	PART
ger-412	173	21	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	173	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	173	23	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	173	24	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	173	25	on	on	ADP
ger-412	173	26	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	173	27	’	’	PART
ger-412	173	28	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	173	29	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	173	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	174	1	this	this	DET
ger-412	174	2	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	174	3	drew	draw	VERB
ger-412	174	4	on	on	ADP
ger-412	174	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	174	6	trends	trend	NOUN
ger-412	174	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	174	8	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	174	9	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	174	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	174	11	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	174	12	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	174	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	174	14	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	174	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	174	16	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	174	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	174	18	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	174	19	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	174	20	to	to	PART
ger-412	174	21	examine	examine	VERB
ger-412	174	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	174	23	changes	change	NOUN
ger-412	174	24	in	in	ADP
ger-412	174	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	174	26	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	174	27	to	to	PART
ger-412	174	28	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	174	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	174	30	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	174	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	174	32	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	174	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	174	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	174	35	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	174	36	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	174	37	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	174	38	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	174	39	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	174	40	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	174	41	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	174	42	in	in	ADP
ger-412	174	43	three	three	NUM
ger-412	174	44	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	174	45	with	with	ADP
ger-412	174	46	markedly	markedly	ADV
ger-412	174	47	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	174	48	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	174	49	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	174	50	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	174	51	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	174	52	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	174	53	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	174	54	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	174	55	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	174	56	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	174	57	the	the	DET
ger-412	174	58	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	174	59	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	174	60	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	175	1	further	far	ADV
ger-412	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	175	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	175	4	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	175	5	focuses	focus	VERB
ger-412	175	6	on	on	ADP
ger-412	175	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	175	8	influence	influence	NOUN
ger-412	175	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	175	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	175	11	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-412	175	12	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	175	13	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	175	14	on	on	ADP
ger-412	175	15	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	175	16	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	175	17	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	175	18	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	175	19	across	across	ADP
ger-412	175	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	175	21	three	three	NUM
ger-412	175	22	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	175	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	176	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	176	2	questions	question	NOUN
ger-412	176	3	guiding	guide	VERB
ger-412	176	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	176	5	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	176	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	176	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	176	8	a	a	X
ger-412	176	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	176	10	how	how	SCONJ
ger-412	176	11	did	do	AUX
ger-412	176	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	176	13	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	176	14	to	to	PART
ger-412	176	15	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	176	16	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	176	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	176	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	176	19	’	’	PART
ger-412	176	20	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	176	21	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	176	22	differ	differ	VERB
ger-412	176	23	between	between	ADP
ger-412	176	24	three	three	NUM
ger-412	176	25	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	176	26	in	in	ADP
ger-412	176	27	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	176	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	176	29	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	176	30	?	?	PUNCT
ger-412	177	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	177	2	b	b	X
ger-412	177	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	177	4	what	what	PRON
ger-412	177	5	was	be	AUX
ger-412	177	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	177	7	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	177	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	177	9	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	177	10	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	177	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	177	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	177	13	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	177	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	177	15	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	177	16	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ger-412	177	17	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	177	18	in	in	ADP
ger-412	177	19	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	177	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	177	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	177	22	three	three	NUM
ger-412	177	23	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	177	24	?	?	PUNCT
ger-412	178	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	178	2	c	c	X
ger-412	178	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	178	4	what	what	PRON
ger-412	178	5	is	be	AUX
ger-412	178	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	178	7	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	178	8	between	between	ADP
ger-412	178	9	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	178	10	to	to	PART
ger-412	178	11	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	178	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	178	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	178	14	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	178	15	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	178	16	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	178	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	178	18	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	178	19	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	178	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	178	21	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	178	22	across	across	ADP
ger-412	178	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	178	24	three	three	NUM
ger-412	178	25	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	178	26	in	in	ADP
ger-412	178	27	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	178	28	while	while	SCONJ
ger-412	178	29	controlling	control	VERB
ger-412	178	30	for	for	ADP
ger-412	178	31	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	178	32	’	’	PART
ger-412	178	33	background	background	NOUN
ger-412	178	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	178	35	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-412	178	36	?	?	PUNCT
ger-412	179	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	179	2	selection	selection	NOUN
ger-412	179	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	179	4	each	each	DET
ger-412	179	5	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	179	6	in	in	ADP
ger-412	179	7	three	three	NUM
ger-412	179	8	continents	continent	NOUN
ger-412	179	9	considered	consider	VERB
ger-412	179	10	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	179	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	179	12	language	language	NOUN
ger-412	179	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	179	14	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	179	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	179	16	previous	previous	ADJ
ger-412	179	17	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	179	18	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	179	19	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	179	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	179	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	179	22	curricular	curricular	ADJ
ger-412	179	23	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-412	179	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	180	1	these	these	DET
ger-412	180	2	three	three	NUM
ger-412	180	3	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	180	4	use	use	VERB
ger-412	180	5	english	english	PROPN
ger-412	180	6	as	as	ADP
ger-412	180	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	180	8	language	language	NOUN
ger-412	180	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	180	10	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	180	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	181	1	similar	similar	ADJ
ger-412	181	2	to	to	ADP
ger-412	181	3	having	have	VERB
ger-412	181	4	a	a	DET
ger-412	181	5	coherent	coherent	ADJ
ger-412	181	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	181	7	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ
ger-412	181	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	181	9	like	like	ADP
ger-412	181	10	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	181	11	higher	higher	ADV
ger-412	181	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	181	13	achieving	achieve	VERB
ger-412	181	14	nations	nation	NOUN
ger-412	181	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	181	16	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	181	17	is	be	AUX
ger-412	181	18	unique	unique	ADJ
ger-412	181	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	181	20	asia	asia	PROPN
ger-412	181	21	for	for	ADP
ger-412	181	22	having	have	VERB
ger-412	181	23	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-412	181	24	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	181	25	conducted	conduct	VERB
ger-412	181	26	in	in	ADP
ger-412	181	27	english	english	PROPN
ger-412	181	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	181	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	181	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	181	31	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	181	32	materials	material	NOUN
ger-412	181	33	provided	provide	VERB
ger-412	181	34	in	in	ADP
ger-412	181	35	english	english	PROPN
ger-412	181	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	181	37	wang	wang	PROPN
ger-412	181	38	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	181	39	iverson	iverson	PROPN
ger-412	181	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	181	41	myers	myers	PROPN
ger-412	181	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	181	43	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	181	44	lim	lim	PROPN
ger-412	181	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	181	46	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	181	47	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	181	48	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	182	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	182	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	182	3	one	one	NUM
ger-412	182	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	182	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	182	6	two	two	NUM
ger-412	182	7	sub	sub	ADJ
ger-412	182	8	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	182	9	saharan	saharan	ADJ
ger-412	182	10	african	african	ADJ
ger-412	182	11	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	182	12	that	that	PRON
ger-412	182	13	took	take	VERB
ger-412	182	14	part	part	NOUN
ger-412	182	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	182	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	182	17	timss-2011	timss-2011	ADJ
ger-412	182	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	182	19	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	182	20	that	that	PRON
ger-412	182	21	uses	use	VERB
ger-412	182	22	english	english	PROPN
ger-412	182	23	as	as	ADP
ger-412	182	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	182	25	language	language	NOUN
ger-412	182	26	of	of	ADP
ger-412	182	27	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	182	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	183	1	south	south	PROPN
ger-412	183	2	africa	africa	PROPN
ger-412	183	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	183	4	which	which	PRON
ger-412	183	5	is	be	AUX
ger-412	183	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	183	7	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	183	8	african	african	ADJ
ger-412	183	9	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	183	10	that	that	PRON
ger-412	183	11	participated	participate	VERB
ger-412	183	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	183	13	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	183	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	183	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	183	16	two	two	NUM
ger-412	183	17	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	183	18	was	be	AUX
ger-412	183	19	not	not	PART
ger-412	183	20	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	183	21	because	because	SCONJ
ger-412	183	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	183	23	language	language	NOUN
ger-412	183	24	of	of	ADP
ger-412	183	25	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	183	26	is	be	AUX
ger-412	183	27	either	either	CCONJ
ger-412	183	28	english	english	PROPN
ger-412	183	29	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	183	30	afrikaans	afrikaans	PROPN
ger-412	183	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	184	1	for	for	ADP
ger-412	184	2	this	this	DET
ger-412	184	3	reason	reason	NOUN
ger-412	184	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	184	5	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	184	6	was	be	AUX
ger-412	184	7	preferred	prefer	VERB
ger-412	184	8	because	because	SCONJ
ger-412	184	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	184	10	single	single	ADJ
ger-412	184	11	english	english	ADJ
ger-412	184	12	language	language	NOUN
ger-412	184	13	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	184	14	for	for	ADP
ger-412	184	15	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	184	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	185	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	185	2	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	185	3	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	185	4	is	be	AUX
ger-412	185	5	unique	unique	ADJ
ger-412	185	6	as	as	ADP
ger-412	185	7	a	a	DET
ger-412	185	8	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	185	9	because	because	SCONJ
ger-412	185	10	it	it	PRON
ger-412	185	11	consists	consist	VERB
ger-412	185	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	185	13	several	several	ADJ
ger-412	185	14	states	state	NOUN
ger-412	185	15	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	185	16	all	all	PRON
ger-412	185	17	use	use	VERB
ger-412	185	18	english	english	PROPN
ger-412	185	19	as	as	ADP
ger-412	185	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	185	21	language	language	NOUN
ger-412	185	22	of	of	ADP
ger-412	185	23	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	185	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	185	25	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-412	185	26	provides	provide	VERB
ger-412	185	27	variation	variation	NOUN
ger-412	185	28	in	in	ADP
ger-412	185	29	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	185	30	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-412	185	31	that	that	PRON
ger-412	185	32	may	may	AUX
ger-412	185	33	exist	exist	VERB
ger-412	185	34	among	among	ADP
ger-412	185	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	185	36	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	185	37	states	state	NOUN
ger-412	185	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	186	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	186	2	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	186	3	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	186	4	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	186	5	were	be	AUX
ger-412	186	6	also	also	ADV
ger-412	186	7	used	use	VERB
ger-412	186	8	to	to	PART
ger-412	186	9	select	select	VERB
ger-412	186	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	186	11	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	186	12	for	for	ADP
ger-412	186	13	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
ger-412	186	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	186	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	186	16	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	186	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	187	1	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	187	2	has	have	AUX
ger-412	187	3	consistently	consistently	ADV
ger-412	187	4	posted	post	VERB
ger-412	187	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	187	6	high	high	ADJ
ger-412	187	7	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	187	8	on	on	ADP
ger-412	187	9	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	187	10	assessments	assessment	NOUN
ger-412	187	11	at	at	ADP
ger-412	187	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	187	13	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	187	14	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	187	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	187	16	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	187	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	187	18	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	187	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	187	20	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	187	21	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	187	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	187	23	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	187	24	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	187	25	organization	organization	NOUN
ger-412	187	26	for	for	ADP
ger-412	187	27	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-412	187	28	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ger-412	187	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	187	30	development	development	NOUN
ger-412	187	31	[	[	X
ger-412	187	32	oecd	oecd	X
ger-412	187	33	]	]	X
ger-412	187	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	187	35	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	187	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	187	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	188	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-412	188	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	188	3	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	188	4	from	from	ADP
ger-412	188	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	188	6	high	high	ADV
ger-412	188	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	188	8	achieving	achieve	VERB
ger-412	188	9	nation	nation	NOUN
ger-412	188	10	serves	serve	VERB
ger-412	188	11	as	as	ADP
ger-412	188	12	a	a	DET
ger-412	188	13	benchmark	benchmark	NOUN
ger-412	188	14	for	for	ADP
ger-412	188	15	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	188	16	achieving	achieve	VERB
ger-412	188	17	nations	nation	NOUN
ger-412	188	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	188	19	such	such	ADJ
ger-412	188	20	as	as	ADP
ger-412	188	21	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	188	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	189	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	189	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	189	3	one	one	NUM
ger-412	189	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	189	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	189	6	african	african	ADJ
ger-412	189	7	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	189	8	that	that	PRON
ger-412	189	9	has	have	AUX
ger-412	189	10	shown	show	VERB
ger-412	189	11	steady	steady	ADJ
ger-412	189	12	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-412	189	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	189	14	political	political	ADJ
ger-412	189	15	stability	stability	NOUN
ger-412	189	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	189	17	is	be	AUX
ger-412	189	18	unique	unique	ADJ
ger-412	189	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	189	20	providing	provide	VERB
ger-412	189	21	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	189	22	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-412	189	23	to	to	ADP
ger-412	189	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	189	25	entire	entire	ADJ
ger-412	189	26	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	189	27	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	189	28	aged	aged	ADJ
ger-412	189	29	population	population	NOUN
ger-412	189	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	190	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	190	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	190	3	with	with	ADP
ger-412	190	4	all	all	DET
ger-412	190	5	these	these	DET
ger-412	190	6	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	190	7	to	to	PART
ger-412	190	8	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	190	9	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	190	10	31	31	NUM
ger-412	190	11	positive	positive	ADJ
ger-412	190	12	attributes	attribute	NOUN
ger-412	190	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	190	14	it	it	PRON
ger-412	190	15	still	still	ADV
ger-412	190	16	posted	post	VERB
ger-412	190	17	a	a	DET
ger-412	190	18	low	low	ADJ
ger-412	190	19	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	190	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	190	21	both	both	DET
ger-412	190	22	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	190	23	math	math	NOUN
ger-412	190	24	assessments	assessment	NOUN
ger-412	190	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	191	1	curricular	curricular	ADJ
ger-412	191	2	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-412	191	3	are	be	AUX
ger-412	191	4	also	also	ADV
ger-412	191	5	worth	worth	ADJ
ger-412	191	6	noting	note	VERB
ger-412	191	7	as	as	ADP
ger-412	191	8	a	a	DET
ger-412	191	9	factor	factor	NOUN
ger-412	191	10	for	for	ADP
ger-412	191	11	selection	selection	NOUN
ger-412	191	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	191	13	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	191	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	192	1	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	192	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	192	3	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	192	4	all	all	PRON
ger-412	192	5	use	use	VERB
ger-412	192	6	a	a	DET
ger-412	192	7	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	192	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	192	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	192	10	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ger-412	192	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	192	12	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	192	13	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	192	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	192	15	state	state	NOUN
ger-412	192	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	192	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	192	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	192	19	local	local	ADJ
ger-412	192	20	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	192	21	district	district	NOUN
ger-412	192	22	agencies	agency	NOUN
ger-412	192	23	decide	decide	VERB
ger-412	192	24	on	on	ADP
ger-412	192	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	192	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	192	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	192	28	accountability	accountability	NOUN
ger-412	192	29	measures	measure	NOUN
ger-412	192	30	that	that	PRON
ger-412	192	31	are	be	AUX
ger-412	192	32	aligned	align	VERB
ger-412	192	33	with	with	ADP
ger-412	192	34	the	the	DET
ger-412	192	35	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-412	192	36	shared	share	VERB
ger-412	192	37	across	across	ADP
ger-412	192	38	the	the	DET
ger-412	192	39	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	192	40	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	192	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	193	1	beginning	begin	VERB
ger-412	193	2	in	in	ADP
ger-412	193	3	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	193	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	193	5	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	193	6	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	193	7	began	begin	VERB
ger-412	193	8	to	to	PART
ger-412	193	9	transition	transition	VERB
ger-412	193	10	to	to	ADP
ger-412	193	11	a	a	DET
ger-412	193	12	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	193	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	193	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	193	15	by	by	ADP
ger-412	193	16	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	193	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	18	43	43	NUM
ger-412	193	19	states	state	NOUN
ger-412	193	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	21	four	four	NUM
ger-412	193	22	us	us	PROPN
ger-412	193	23	territories	territory	NOUN
ger-412	193	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	193	26	the	the	DET
ger-412	193	27	department	department	PROPN
ger-412	193	28	of	of	ADP
ger-412	193	29	defense	defense	PROPN
ger-412	193	30	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	193	31	had	have	AUX
ger-412	193	32	adopted	adopt	VERB
ger-412	193	33	the	the	DET
ger-412	193	34	common	common	ADJ
ger-412	193	35	core	core	NOUN
ger-412	193	36	state	state	NOUN
ger-412	193	37	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-412	193	38	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	193	39	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	193	40	governors	governors	PROPN
ger-412	193	41	association	association	PROPN
ger-412	193	42	of	of	ADP
ger-412	193	43	best	good	ADJ
ger-412	193	44	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-412	193	45	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	193	46	council	council	PROPN
ger-412	193	47	of	of	ADP
ger-412	193	48	chief	chief	ADJ
ger-412	193	49	state	state	NOUN
ger-412	193	50	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	193	51	officers	officer	NOUN
ger-412	193	52	[	[	X
ger-412	193	53	nga	nga	NOUN
ger-412	193	54	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	193	55	ccsso	ccsso	PROPN
ger-412	193	56	]	]	PUNCT
ger-412	193	57	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	58	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	193	59	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	193	60	malley	malley	PROPN
ger-412	193	61	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	62	neidorf	neidorf	PROPN
ger-412	193	63	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	64	arora	arora	PROPN
ger-412	193	65	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	66	kroeger	kroeger	PROPN
ger-412	193	67	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	193	68	american	american	PROPN
ger-412	193	69	institutes	institutes	PROPN
ger-412	193	70	of	of	ADP
ger-412	193	71	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	193	72	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	73	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	193	74	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	193	75	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	193	76	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	193	77	may	may	AUX
ger-412	193	78	provide	provide	VERB
ger-412	193	79	vital	vital	ADJ
ger-412	193	80	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	193	81	for	for	ADP
ger-412	193	82	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	193	83	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	193	84	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-412	193	85	even	even	ADV
ger-412	193	86	though	though	SCONJ
ger-412	193	87	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	193	88	may	may	AUX
ger-412	193	89	have	have	VERB
ger-412	193	90	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	193	91	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-412	193	92	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	193	93	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	94	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-412	193	95	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	96	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	193	97	structures	structure	NOUN
ger-412	193	98	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	99	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	193	100	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	101	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	193	102	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-412	193	103	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	193	104	desimone	desimone	PROPN
ger-412	193	105	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	106	smith	smith	PROPN
ger-412	193	107	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	108	baker	baker	PROPN
ger-412	193	109	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	110	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	193	111	ueno	ueno	PROPN
ger-412	193	112	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	193	113	2005	2005	NUM
ger-412	193	114	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	194	1	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	194	2	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	194	3	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	194	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	194	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	194	6	2001	2001	NUM
ger-412	194	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	194	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	195	1	this	this	DET
ger-412	195	2	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	195	3	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	195	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	195	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	195	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	195	7	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	195	8	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	195	9	in	in	ADP
ger-412	195	10	three	three	NUM
ger-412	195	11	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	195	12	rather	rather	ADV
ger-412	195	13	than	than	ADP
ger-412	195	14	making	make	VERB
ger-412	195	15	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	195	16	of	of	ADP
ger-412	195	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	195	18	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	195	19	across	across	ADP
ger-412	195	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	195	21	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	195	22	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	195	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	195	24	i.e.	i.e.	X
ger-412	195	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	195	26	in	in	ADP
ger-412	195	27	each	each	DET
ger-412	195	28	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	195	29	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	195	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	195	31	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	195	32	to	to	PART
ger-412	195	33	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	195	34	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	195	35	were	be	AUX
ger-412	195	36	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ger-412	195	37	as	as	ADP
ger-412	195	38	cases	case	NOUN
ger-412	195	39	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	195	40	the	the	DET
ger-412	195	41	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	195	42	of	of	ADP
ger-412	195	43	the	the	DET
ger-412	195	44	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	195	45	between	between	ADP
ger-412	195	46	these	these	DET
ger-412	195	47	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	195	48	to	to	PART
ger-412	195	49	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	195	50	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	195	51	algebra	algebra	VERB
ger-412	195	52	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	195	53	within	within	ADP
ger-412	195	54	the	the	DET
ger-412	195	55	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	195	56	then	then	ADV
ger-412	195	57	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	195	58	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	196	1	this	this	DET
ger-412	196	2	largescale	largescale	ADJ
ger-412	196	3	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ger-412	196	4	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	196	5	across	across	ADP
ger-412	196	6	varying	vary	VERB
ger-412	196	7	contexts	context	NOUN
ger-412	196	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	196	9	both	both	CCONJ
ger-412	196	10	within	within	ADP
ger-412	196	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	196	12	between	between	ADP
ger-412	196	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	196	14	three	three	NUM
ger-412	196	15	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	196	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	196	17	allows	allow	VERB
ger-412	196	18	for	for	ADP
ger-412	196	19	a	a	DET
ger-412	196	20	broader	broad	ADJ
ger-412	196	21	consideration	consideration	NOUN
ger-412	196	22	of	of	ADP
ger-412	196	23	influencing	influence	VERB
ger-412	196	24	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-412	196	25	on	on	ADP
ger-412	196	26	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	196	27	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	196	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	196	29	provides	provide	VERB
ger-412	196	30	a	a	DET
ger-412	196	31	more	more	ADV
ger-412	196	32	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ger-412	196	33	generalization	generalization	NOUN
ger-412	196	34	of	of	ADP
ger-412	196	35	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	196	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	197	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	197	2	similarities	similarity	NOUN
ger-412	197	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	197	4	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-412	197	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	197	6	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-412	197	7	related	relate	VERB
ger-412	197	8	to	to	ADP
ger-412	197	9	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	197	10	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	197	11	across	across	ADP
ger-412	197	12	contexts	contexts	PROPN
ger-412	197	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	197	14	which	which	PRON
ger-412	197	15	are	be	AUX
ger-412	197	16	not	not	PART
ger-412	197	17	usually	usually	ADV
ger-412	197	18	apparent	apparent	ADJ
ger-412	197	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	197	20	can	can	AUX
ger-412	197	21	be	be	AUX
ger-412	197	22	illuminated	illuminate	VERB
ger-412	197	23	using	use	VERB
ger-412	197	24	such	such	DET
ger-412	197	25	a	a	DET
ger-412	197	26	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	197	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	198	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ger-412	198	2	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ger-412	198	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	198	4	theory	theory	NOUN
ger-412	198	5	guiding	guide	VERB
ger-412	198	6	this	this	DET
ger-412	198	7	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	198	8	draws	draw	VERB
ger-412	198	9	on	on	ADP
ger-412	198	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	198	11	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	198	12	to	to	PART
ger-412	198	13	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	198	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	198	15	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	198	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	198	17	framework	framework	NOUN
ger-412	198	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	199	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	199	2	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-412	199	3	provided	provide	VERB
ger-412	199	4	is	be	AUX
ger-412	199	5	organized	organize	VERB
ger-412	199	6	by	by	ADP
ger-412	199	7	first	first	ADV
ger-412	199	8	discussing	discuss	VERB
ger-412	199	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	199	10	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	199	11	framework	framework	NOUN
ger-412	199	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	200	1	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	200	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	200	3	also	also	ADV
ger-412	200	4	elaborated	elaborate	VERB
ger-412	200	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	200	6	regard	regard	NOUN
ger-412	200	7	to	to	ADP
ger-412	200	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	200	9	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	200	10	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	200	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	200	12	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	200	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	200	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	201	1	following	follow	VERB
ger-412	201	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	201	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	201	4	summary	summary	NOUN
ger-412	201	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	201	6	studies	study	NOUN
ger-412	201	7	on	on	ADP
ger-412	201	8	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	201	9	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	201	10	as	as	ADV
ger-412	201	11	well	well	ADV
ger-412	201	12	as	as	ADP
ger-412	201	13	those	those	PRON
ger-412	201	14	on	on	ADP
ger-412	201	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	201	16	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	201	17	between	between	ADP
ger-412	201	18	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	201	19	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	201	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	201	21	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	201	22	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	201	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	202	1	included	include	VERB
ger-412	202	2	in	in	ADP
ger-412	202	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	202	4	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-412	202	5	are	be	AUX
ger-412	202	6	discussions	discussion	NOUN
ger-412	202	7	on	on	ADP
ger-412	202	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	202	9	connections	connection	NOUN
ger-412	202	10	between	between	ADP
ger-412	202	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	202	12	documented	document	VERB
ger-412	202	13	studies	study	NOUN
ger-412	202	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	202	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	202	16	presented	present	VERB
ger-412	202	17	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	202	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	203	1	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	203	2	to	to	PART
ger-412	203	3	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	203	4	carroll	carroll	NOUN
ger-412	203	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	203	6	1963	1963	NUM
ger-412	203	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	203	8	introduced	introduce	VERB
ger-412	203	9	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	203	10	to	to	PART
ger-412	203	11	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	203	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	203	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	203	14	proposed	propose	VERB
ger-412	203	15	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
ger-412	203	16	of	of	ADP
ger-412	203	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	203	18	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	203	19	of	of	ADP
ger-412	203	20	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	203	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	204	1	according	accord	VERB
ger-412	204	2	to	to	ADP
ger-412	204	3	carroll	carroll	PROPN
ger-412	204	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	204	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	204	6	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	204	7	dimension	dimension	NOUN
ger-412	204	8	falls	fall	VERB
ger-412	204	9	within	within	ADP
ger-412	204	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	204	11	external	external	ADJ
ger-412	204	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
ger-412	204	13	that	that	PRON
ger-412	204	14	can	can	AUX
ger-412	204	15	be	be	AUX
ger-412	204	16	adjusted	adjust	VERB
ger-412	204	17	to	to	PART
ger-412	204	18	improve	improve	VERB
ger-412	204	19	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	204	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	205	1	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	205	2	was	be	AUX
ger-412	205	3	defined	define	VERB
ger-412	205	4	as	as	ADP
ger-412	205	5	“	"	PUNCT
ger-412	205	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	205	7	amount	amount	NOUN
ger-412	205	8	of	of	ADP
ger-412	205	9	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	205	10	allowed	allow	VERB
ger-412	205	11	for	for	ADP
ger-412	205	12	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	205	13	”	"	PUNCT
ger-412	205	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	205	15	carroll	carroll	PROPN
ger-412	205	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	205	17	1963	1963	NUM
ger-412	205	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	205	19	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-412	205	20	26	26	NUM
ger-412	205	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	205	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	206	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	206	2	expanded	expand	VERB
ger-412	206	3	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-412	206	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	206	5	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	206	6	are	be	AUX
ger-412	206	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	206	8	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	206	9	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	206	10	allocated	allocate	VERB
ger-412	206	11	to	to	PART
ger-412	206	12	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	206	13	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	206	14	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	206	15	a	a	DET
ger-412	206	16	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	206	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	206	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	206	19	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	206	20	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	206	21	guides	guide	NOUN
ger-412	206	22	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	206	23	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	206	24	by	by	ADP
ger-412	206	25	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	206	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	207	1	it	it	PRON
ger-412	207	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	207	3	also	also	ADV
ger-412	207	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	207	5	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ger-412	207	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	207	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	207	8	in	in	ADP
ger-412	207	9	a	a	DET
ger-412	207	10	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	207	11	covering	cover	VERB
ger-412	207	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	207	13	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	207	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	207	15	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	207	16	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	207	17	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	207	18	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	207	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	207	20	2001	2001	NUM
ger-412	207	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	207	22	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	207	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	207	24	relative	relative	ADJ
ger-412	207	25	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-412	207	26	on	on	ADP
ger-412	207	27	a	a	DET
ger-412	207	28	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	207	29	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	207	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	207	31	floden	floden	ADJ
ger-412	207	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	207	33	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	207	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	207	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	208	1	floden	floden	PROPN
ger-412	208	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	208	3	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	208	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	208	5	elaborated	elaborate	VERB
ger-412	208	6	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	208	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	208	8	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	208	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	208	10	plan	plan	VERB
ger-412	208	11	to	to	PART
ger-412	208	12	spend	spend	VERB
ger-412	208	13	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	208	14	a	a	DET
ger-412	208	15	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	208	16	is	be	AUX
ger-412	208	17	another	another	DET
ger-412	208	18	measure	measure	NOUN
ger-412	208	19	of	of	ADP
ger-412	208	20	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	208	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	209	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	209	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ger-412	209	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	209	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	209	5	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	209	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	209	7	actually	actually	ADV
ger-412	209	8	spent	spend	VERB
ger-412	209	9	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	209	10	a	a	DET
ger-412	209	11	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	209	12	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	209	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	209	14	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	209	15	a	a	DET
ger-412	209	16	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	209	17	is	be	AUX
ger-412	209	18	present	present	ADJ
ger-412	209	19	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	209	20	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	209	21	a	a	DET
ger-412	209	22	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	209	23	is	be	AUX
ger-412	209	24	measured	measure	VERB
ger-412	209	25	as	as	ADP
ger-412	209	26	an	an	DET
ger-412	209	27	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	209	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	210	1	otl	otl	PROPN
ger-412	210	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	210	3	also	also	ADV
ger-412	210	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	210	5	degree	degree	NOUN
ger-412	210	6	to	to	PART
ger-412	210	7	which	which	PRON
ger-412	210	8	a	a	DET
ger-412	210	9	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	210	10	engages	engage	VERB
ger-412	210	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	210	12	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	210	13	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-412	210	14	activities	activity	NOUN
ger-412	210	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	210	16	floden	floden	ADJ
ger-412	210	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	210	18	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	210	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	210	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	211	1	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	211	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	211	3	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
ger-412	211	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	211	5	2001	2001	NUM
ger-412	211	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	211	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	211	8	floden	floden	ADJ
ger-412	211	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	211	10	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	211	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	211	12	categorized	categorize	VERB
ger-412	211	13	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	211	14	into	into	ADP
ger-412	211	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	211	16	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	211	17	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	211	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	211	19	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	211	20	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	211	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	212	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	212	2	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	212	3	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	212	4	includes	include	VERB
ger-412	212	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	212	6	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	212	7	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-412	212	8	used	use	VERB
ger-412	212	9	to	to	PART
ger-412	212	10	guide	guide	VERB
ger-412	212	11	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	212	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	212	13	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ger-412	212	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	212	15	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	212	16	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	212	17	represents	represent	VERB
ger-412	212	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	212	19	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	212	20	of	of	ADP
ger-412	212	21	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-412	212	22	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	212	23	spent	spend	VERB
ger-412	212	24	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	212	25	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	212	26	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	212	27	reports	report	NOUN
ger-412	212	28	on	on	ADP
ger-412	212	29	32	32	NUM
ger-412	212	30	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	212	31	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	212	32	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	212	33	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	212	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	212	35	coverage	coverage	NOUN
ger-412	212	36	of	of	ADP
ger-412	212	37	a	a	DET
ger-412	212	38	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	212	39	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	212	40	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	212	41	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	212	42	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	212	43	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	212	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	212	45	2001	2001	NUM
ger-412	212	46	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	212	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	213	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ger-412	213	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	213	3	floden	floden	ADJ
ger-412	213	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	213	5	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	213	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	213	7	added	add	VERB
ger-412	213	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	213	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	213	10	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	213	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	213	12	includes	include	VERB
ger-412	213	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	213	14	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	213	15	scheduled	schedule	VERB
ger-412	213	16	to	to	PART
ger-412	213	17	be	be	AUX
ger-412	213	18	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	213	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	213	20	a	a	DET
ger-412	213	21	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	213	22	year	year	NOUN
ger-412	213	23	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	213	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	213	25	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	213	26	a	a	DET
ger-412	213	27	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	213	28	sets	set	VERB
ger-412	213	29	aside	aside	ADV
ger-412	213	30	to	to	PART
ger-412	213	31	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	213	32	the	the	DET
ger-412	213	33	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	213	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	214	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	214	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ger-412	214	3	to	to	ADP
ger-412	214	4	schmidt	schmidt	NOUN
ger-412	214	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	214	6	colleagues	colleague	NOUN
ger-412	214	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	214	8	2001	2001	NUM
ger-412	214	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	214	10	summary	summary	NOUN
ger-412	214	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	214	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	214	13	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	214	14	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	214	15	as	as	ADP
ger-412	214	16	an	an	DET
ger-412	214	17	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	214	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	214	19	floden	floden	ADJ
ger-412	214	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	214	21	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	214	22	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	214	23	included	include	VERB
ger-412	214	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	214	25	count	count	NOUN
ger-412	214	26	of	of	ADP
ger-412	214	27	the	the	DET
ger-412	214	28	textbook	textbook	NOUN
ger-412	214	29	pages	page	NOUN
ger-412	214	30	on	on	ADP
ger-412	214	31	the	the	DET
ger-412	214	32	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	214	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	214	34	the	the	DET
ger-412	214	35	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	214	36	’s	’s	PART
ger-412	214	37	report	report	NOUN
ger-412	214	38	on	on	ADP
ger-412	214	39	the	the	DET
ger-412	214	40	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-412	214	41	of	of	ADP
ger-412	214	42	the	the	DET
ger-412	214	43	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	214	44	in	in	ADP
ger-412	214	45	relation	relation	NOUN
ger-412	214	46	to	to	ADP
ger-412	214	47	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	214	48	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	214	49	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	214	50	floden	floden	ADJ
ger-412	214	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	214	52	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	214	53	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	214	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	215	1	floden	floden	PROPN
ger-412	215	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	215	3	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	215	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	215	5	stated	state	VERB
ger-412	215	6	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	215	7	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	215	8	is	be	AUX
ger-412	215	9	also	also	ADV
ger-412	215	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	215	11	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-412	215	12	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	215	13	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	215	14	which	which	PRON
ger-412	215	15	is	be	AUX
ger-412	215	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	215	17	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	215	18	that	that	PRON
ger-412	215	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	215	20	are	be	AUX
ger-412	215	21	engaged	engage	VERB
ger-412	215	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	215	23	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	215	24	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	215	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	215	26	estimated	estimate	VERB
ger-412	215	27	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	215	28	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	215	29	complete	complete	VERB
ger-412	215	30	a	a	DET
ger-412	215	31	given	give	VERB
ger-412	215	32	task	task	NOUN
ger-412	215	33	successfully	successfully	ADV
ger-412	215	34	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	215	35	paying	pay	VERB
ger-412	215	36	attention	attention	NOUN
ger-412	215	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	216	1	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	216	2	definitions	definition	NOUN
ger-412	216	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	216	4	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	216	5	include	include	VERB
ger-412	216	6	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-412	216	7	to	to	ADP
ger-412	216	8	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	216	9	experience	experience	NOUN
ger-412	216	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	216	11	blömeke	blömeke	PROPN
ger-412	216	12	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	216	13	delaney	delaney	PROPN
ger-412	216	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	15	2014	2014	NUM
ger-412	216	16	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	216	17	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	216	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	19	blömeke	blömeke	PROPN
ger-412	216	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	21	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	216	22	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	216	23	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	216	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	25	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	216	26	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	216	27	schmidt	schmidt	NOUN
ger-412	216	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	29	cogan	cogan	NOUN
ger-412	216	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	31	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	216	32	houang	houang	PROPN
ger-412	216	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	34	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	216	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	216	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	37	access	access	NOUN
ger-412	216	38	to	to	ADP
ger-412	216	39	qualified	qualified	ADJ
ger-412	216	40	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	216	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	42	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-412	216	43	for	for	ADP
ger-412	216	44	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	216	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	46	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	216	47	the	the	DET
ger-412	216	48	goals	goal	NOUN
ger-412	216	49	set	set	VERB
ger-412	216	50	by	by	ADP
ger-412	216	51	instructors	instructor	NOUN
ger-412	216	52	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	216	53	oakes	oakes	PROPN
ger-412	216	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	216	55	1990	1990	NUM
ger-412	216	56	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	216	57	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	217	1	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	217	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	217	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	217	4	focal	focal	ADJ
ger-412	217	5	area	area	NOUN
ger-412	217	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	217	7	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	217	8	in	in	ADP
ger-412	217	9	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	217	10	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	217	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	217	12	floden	floden	ADJ
ger-412	217	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	217	14	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	217	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	217	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	217	17	was	be	AUX
ger-412	217	18	found	find	VERB
ger-412	217	19	to	to	PART
ger-412	217	20	be	be	AUX
ger-412	217	21	positively	positively	ADV
ger-412	217	22	related	relate	VERB
ger-412	217	23	to	to	ADP
ger-412	217	24	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	217	25	’	’	PART
ger-412	217	26	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	217	27	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	217	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	217	29	floden	floden	ADJ
ger-412	217	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	217	31	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	217	32	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	218	1	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	218	2	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	218	3	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	218	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	218	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	218	6	2001	2001	NUM
ger-412	218	7	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	218	8	törnroos	törnroos	PROPN
ger-412	218	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	218	10	2005	2005	NUM
ger-412	218	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	218	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	219	1	this	this	DET
ger-412	219	2	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	219	3	draws	draw	VERB
ger-412	219	4	from	from	ADP
ger-412	219	5	floden	floden	ADJ
ger-412	219	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	219	7	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	219	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	219	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	219	10	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	219	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	219	12	team	team	NOUN
ger-412	219	13	’s	’s	PART
ger-412	219	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	219	15	2001	2001	NUM
ger-412	219	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	219	17	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	219	18	that	that	PRON
ger-412	219	19	is	be	AUX
ger-412	219	20	categorized	categorize	VERB
ger-412	219	21	as	as	ADP
ger-412	219	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	219	23	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	219	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	219	25	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	219	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	219	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	220	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	220	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	220	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	220	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	220	5	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	220	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	220	7	for	for	ADP
ger-412	220	8	this	this	DET
ger-412	220	9	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	220	10	is	be	AUX
ger-412	220	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	220	12	schedule	schedule	NOUN
ger-412	220	13	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	220	14	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	220	15	for	for	ADP
ger-412	220	16	an	an	DET
ger-412	220	17	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	220	18	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	220	19	to	to	PART
ger-412	220	20	be	be	AUX
ger-412	220	21	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	220	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	220	23	a	a	DET
ger-412	220	24	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	220	25	year	year	NOUN
ger-412	220	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	221	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	221	2	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	221	3	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	221	4	is	be	AUX
ger-412	221	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	221	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	221	7	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	221	8	reports	report	NOUN
ger-412	221	9	on	on	ADP
ger-412	221	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	221	11	coverage	coverage	NOUN
ger-412	221	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	221	13	an	an	DET
ger-412	221	14	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	221	15	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	221	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	222	1	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	222	2	might	might	AUX
ger-412	222	3	explain	explain	VERB
ger-412	222	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	222	5	variations	variation	NOUN
ger-412	222	6	in	in	ADP
ger-412	222	7	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	222	8	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	222	9	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	222	10	across	across	ADP
ger-412	222	11	nations	nation	NOUN
ger-412	222	12	that	that	PRON
ger-412	222	13	can	can	AUX
ger-412	222	14	inform	inform	VERB
ger-412	222	15	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	222	16	decisions	decision	NOUN
ger-412	222	17	on	on	ADP
ger-412	222	18	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	222	19	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-412	222	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	222	21	promising	promise	VERB
ger-412	222	22	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	222	23	that	that	PRON
ger-412	222	24	make	make	VERB
ger-412	222	25	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	222	26	improvements	improvement	NOUN
ger-412	222	27	in	in	ADP
ger-412	222	28	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	222	29	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	222	30	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	222	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	223	1	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	223	2	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	223	3	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ger-412	223	4	have	have	AUX
ger-412	223	5	found	find	VERB
ger-412	223	6	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	223	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	223	8	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	223	9	in	in	ADP
ger-412	223	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	223	11	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	223	12	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	223	13	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	223	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	223	15	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	223	16	1	1	NUM
ger-412	223	17	-	-	SYM
ger-412	223	18	5	5	NUM
ger-412	223	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	223	20	is	be	AUX
ger-412	223	21	possible	possible	ADJ
ger-412	223	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	223	23	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-412	223	24	to	to	ADP
ger-412	223	25	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	223	26	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	223	27	success	success	NOUN
ger-412	223	28	in	in	ADP
ger-412	223	29	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	223	30	more	more	ADV
ger-412	223	31	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ger-412	223	32	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	223	33	in	in	ADP
ger-412	223	34	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ger-412	223	35	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	223	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	224	1	knuth	knuth	PROPN
ger-412	224	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	224	3	stephens	stephens	PROPN
ger-412	224	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	224	5	blanton	blanton	PROPN
ger-412	224	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	224	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	224	8	gardiner	gardiner	NOUN
ger-412	224	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	224	10	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	224	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	224	12	suggested	suggest	VERB
ger-412	224	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	224	14	infusion	infusion	NOUN
ger-412	224	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	224	16	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	224	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	224	18	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	224	19	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	224	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	224	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	224	22	earlier	early	ADJ
ger-412	224	23	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	224	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	225	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	225	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	225	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	225	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	225	5	use	use	NOUN
ger-412	225	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	225	7	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	225	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	225	9	introducing	introduce	VERB
ger-412	225	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	225	11	equal	equal	ADJ
ger-412	225	12	sign	sign	NOUN
ger-412	225	13	as	as	ADP
ger-412	225	14	relational	relational	ADJ
ger-412	225	15	instead	instead	ADV
ger-412	225	16	of	of	ADP
ger-412	225	17	an	an	DET
ger-412	225	18	operation	operation	NOUN
ger-412	225	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	225	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	225	21	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	225	22	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	225	23	were	be	AUX
ger-412	225	24	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	225	25	with	with	ADP
ger-412	225	26	notable	notable	ADJ
ger-412	225	27	success	success	NOUN
ger-412	225	28	among	among	ADP
ger-412	225	29	third	third	ADJ
ger-412	225	30	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	225	31	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ger-412	225	32	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	225	33	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	225	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	225	35	knuth	knuth	PROPN
ger-412	225	36	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	225	37	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	225	38	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	225	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	225	40	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	225	41	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	225	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	226	1	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	226	2	studies	study	NOUN
ger-412	226	3	on	on	ADP
ger-412	226	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	226	5	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	226	6	document	document	NOUN
ger-412	226	7	positive	positive	ADJ
ger-412	226	8	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
ger-412	226	9	with	with	ADP
ger-412	226	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	226	11	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ger-412	226	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	226	13	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	226	14	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	226	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	226	16	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	226	17	elementary	elementary	NOUN
ger-412	226	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	226	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-412	226	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	226	21	martinez	martinez	PROPN
ger-412	226	22	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	226	23	barbara	barbara	PROPN
ger-412	226	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	226	25	2006	2006	NUM
ger-412	226	26	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	226	27	tanışlı	tanışlı	VERB
ger-412	226	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	226	29	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	226	30	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	226	31	warren	warren	PROPN
ger-412	226	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	226	33	cooper	cooper	PROPN
ger-412	226	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	226	35	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	226	36	lamb	lamb	PROPN
ger-412	226	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	226	38	2006	2006	NUM
ger-412	226	39	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	226	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	227	1	notably	notably	ADV
ger-412	227	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	227	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	227	4	nature	nature	NOUN
ger-412	227	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	227	6	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	227	7	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ger-412	227	8	tasks	task	NOUN
ger-412	227	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	227	10	bjuland	bjuland	NOUN
ger-412	227	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	227	12	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	227	13	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	227	14	gardiner	gardiner	PROPN
ger-412	227	15	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	227	16	sawrey	sawrey	PROPN
ger-412	227	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	227	18	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	227	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	227	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	227	21	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-412	227	22	to	to	ADP
ger-412	227	23	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	227	24	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	227	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	227	26	chan	chan	PROPN
ger-412	227	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	227	28	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	227	29	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	227	30	whitin	whitin	PROPN
ger-412	227	31	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	227	32	whitin	whitin	PROPN
ger-412	227	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	227	34	2014	2014	NUM
ger-412	227	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	227	36	enabled	enable	VERB
ger-412	227	37	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	227	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	227	39	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ger-412	227	40	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	227	41	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	227	42	to	to	PART
ger-412	227	43	engage	engage	VERB
ger-412	227	44	in	in	ADP
ger-412	227	45	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	227	46	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	227	47	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	227	48	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	227	49	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ger-412	227	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	228	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ger-412	228	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	228	3	blanton	blanton	PROPN
ger-412	228	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	228	5	stephens	stephens	PROPN
ger-412	228	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	228	7	knuth	knuth	PROPN
ger-412	228	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	228	9	gardiner	gardiner	PROPN
ger-412	228	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	228	11	isler	isler	NOUN
ger-412	228	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	228	13	kim	kim	PROPN
ger-412	228	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	228	15	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	228	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	228	17	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	228	18	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	228	19	third	third	ADJ
ger-412	228	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	228	21	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	228	22	who	who	PRON
ger-412	228	23	were	be	AUX
ger-412	228	24	engaged	engage	VERB
ger-412	228	25	in	in	ADP
ger-412	228	26	an	an	DET
ger-412	228	27	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	228	28	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	228	29	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ger-412	228	30	were	be	AUX
ger-412	228	31	able	able	ADJ
ger-412	228	32	to	to	PART
ger-412	228	33	correctly	correctly	ADV
ger-412	228	34	interpret	interpret	VERB
ger-412	228	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	228	36	equal	equal	ADJ
ger-412	228	37	sign	sign	NOUN
ger-412	228	38	as	as	ADP
ger-412	228	39	a	a	DET
ger-412	228	40	relational	relational	ADJ
ger-412	228	41	symbol	symbol	NOUN
ger-412	228	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	228	43	represent	represent	VERB
ger-412	228	44	unknown	unknown	ADJ
ger-412	228	45	quantities	quantity	NOUN
ger-412	228	46	using	use	VERB
ger-412	228	47	variable	variable	ADJ
ger-412	228	48	notation	notation	NOUN
ger-412	228	49	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	228	50	use	use	VERB
ger-412	228	51	a	a	DET
ger-412	228	52	structural	structural	ADJ
ger-412	228	53	approach	approach	NOUN
ger-412	228	54	to	to	PART
ger-412	228	55	solve	solve	VERB
ger-412	228	56	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	228	57	tasks	task	NOUN
ger-412	228	58	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	228	59	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	228	60	represent	represent	VERB
ger-412	228	61	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	228	62	of	of	ADP
ger-412	228	63	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	228	64	using	use	VERB
ger-412	228	65	covariational	covariational	ADJ
ger-412	228	66	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ger-412	228	67	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	229	1	according	accord	VERB
ger-412	229	2	to	to	ADP
ger-412	229	3	blanton	blanton	PROPN
ger-412	229	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	229	5	team	team	NOUN
ger-412	229	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	229	7	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	229	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	229	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	229	10	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	229	11	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ger-412	229	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	229	13	third	third	ADJ
ger-412	229	14	graders	grader	NOUN
ger-412	229	15	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
ger-412	229	16	were	be	AUX
ger-412	229	17	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-412	229	18	benchmarks	benchmark	NOUN
ger-412	229	19	for	for	ADP
ger-412	229	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	229	21	development	development	NOUN
ger-412	229	22	of	of	ADP
ger-412	229	23	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	229	24	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	229	25	that	that	PRON
ger-412	229	26	often	often	ADV
ger-412	229	27	proved	prove	VERB
ger-412	229	28	to	to	PART
ger-412	229	29	be	be	AUX
ger-412	229	30	a	a	DET
ger-412	229	31	challenge	challenge	NOUN
ger-412	229	32	for	for	ADP
ger-412	229	33	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	229	34	in	in	ADP
ger-412	229	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	229	36	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-412	229	37	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	229	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	229	39	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-412	229	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	230	1	one	one	NUM
ger-412	230	2	of	of	ADP
ger-412	230	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	230	4	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-412	230	5	related	relate	VERB
ger-412	230	6	to	to	ADP
ger-412	230	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	230	8	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	230	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	230	10	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	230	11	is	be	AUX
ger-412	230	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	230	13	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	230	14	to	to	PART
ger-412	230	15	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	230	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	231	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-412	231	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	231	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	231	4	focus	focus	NOUN
ger-412	231	5	on	on	ADP
ger-412	231	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	231	7	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	231	8	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	231	9	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	231	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	231	11	learned	learn	VERB
ger-412	231	12	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	231	13	were	be	AUX
ger-412	231	14	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	231	15	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	231	16	tasks	task	NOUN
ger-412	231	17	could	could	AUX
ger-412	231	18	explain	explain	VERB
ger-412	231	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	231	20	advantages	advantage	NOUN
ger-412	231	21	of	of	ADP
ger-412	231	22	their	their	PRON
ger-412	231	23	success	success	NOUN
ger-412	231	24	at	at	ADP
ger-412	231	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	231	26	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	231	27	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	231	28	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	231	29	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	231	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	232	1	this	this	DET
ger-412	232	2	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	232	3	adapted	adapt	VERB
ger-412	232	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	232	5	conceptualization	conceptualization	NOUN
ger-412	232	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	232	7	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	232	8	used	use	VERB
ger-412	232	9	by	by	ADP
ger-412	232	10	floden	floden	PROPN
ger-412	232	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	232	12	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	232	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	232	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	232	15	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	232	16	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	232	17	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	232	18	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	233	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	233	2	2001	2001	NUM
ger-412	233	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	233	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	233	5	which	which	PRON
ger-412	233	6	is	be	AUX
ger-412	233	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	233	8	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	233	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	233	10	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-412	233	11	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	233	12	spent	spend	VERB
ger-412	233	13	on	on	ADP
ger-412	233	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	233	15	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	233	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	233	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	233	18	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	233	19	opportunities	opportunitie	VERB
ger-412	233	20	to	to	PART
ger-412	233	21	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	233	22	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	233	23	33	33	NUM
ger-412	233	24	offered	offer	VERB
ger-412	233	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	234	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-412	234	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	234	3	this	this	DET
ger-412	234	4	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	234	5	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	234	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	234	7	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	234	8	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	234	9	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	234	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	234	11	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	234	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	234	13	two	two	NUM
ger-412	234	14	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	234	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	234	16	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	234	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	234	18	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	234	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	234	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	234	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	234	22	three	three	NUM
ger-412	234	23	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	234	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	235	1	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	235	2	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	235	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	235	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	235	5	three	three	NUM
ger-412	235	6	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	235	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	235	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	235	9	for	for	ADP
ger-412	235	10	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	235	11	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	235	12	varies	vary	VERB
ger-412	235	13	across	across	ADP
ger-412	235	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	235	15	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	235	16	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	235	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	236	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	236	2	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	236	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	236	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	236	5	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ger-412	236	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	236	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	236	8	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	236	9	is	be	AUX
ger-412	236	10	concentrated	concentrate	VERB
ger-412	236	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	236	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	236	13	upper	upper	ADJ
ger-412	236	14	primary	primary	NOUN
ger-412	236	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	236	16	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	236	17	5	5	NUM
ger-412	236	18	-	-	SYM
ger-412	236	19	7	7	NUM
ger-412	236	20	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	236	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	236	22	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	236	23	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ger-412	236	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	236	25	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	236	26	8	8	NUM
ger-412	236	27	-	-	SYM
ger-412	236	28	10	10	NUM
ger-412	236	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	236	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	237	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	237	2	upper	upper	ADJ
ger-412	237	3	primary	primary	NOUN
ger-412	237	4	suggested	suggest	VERB
ger-412	237	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	237	6	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	237	7	include	include	VERB
ger-412	237	8	using	use	VERB
ger-412	237	9	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	237	10	to	to	PART
ger-412	237	11	communicate	communicate	VERB
ger-412	237	12	numbers	number	NOUN
ger-412	237	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	237	14	number	number	NOUN
ger-412	237	15	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	237	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	237	17	arithmetic	arithmetic	ADJ
ger-412	237	18	sequences	sequence	NOUN
ger-412	237	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	237	20	solving	solve	VERB
ger-412	237	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	237	22	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	237	23	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	237	24	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	237	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	237	26	masole	masole	NOUN
ger-412	237	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	237	28	gabalebatse	gabalebatse	NOUN
ger-412	237	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	237	30	guga	guga	NOUN
ger-412	237	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	237	32	pharithi	pharithi	NOUN
ger-412	237	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	237	34	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	237	35	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	237	36	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	237	37	examination	examination	PROPN
ger-412	237	38	council	council	PROPN
ger-412	237	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	237	40	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	237	41	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	237	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	238	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	238	2	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	238	3	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ger-412	238	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	238	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	238	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	238	7	includes	include	VERB
ger-412	238	8	simplification	simplification	NOUN
ger-412	238	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	238	10	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	238	11	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	238	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	13	expansion	expansion	NOUN
ger-412	238	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	238	15	factorization	factorization	NOUN
ger-412	238	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	17	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ger-412	238	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	238	19	formulae	formulae	NOUN
ger-412	238	20	for	for	ADP
ger-412	238	21	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	238	22	values	value	NOUN
ger-412	238	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	238	25	formation	formation	NOUN
ger-412	238	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	238	27	solving	solve	VERB
ger-412	238	28	linear	linear	NOUN
ger-412	238	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	238	30	systems	system	NOUN
ger-412	238	31	of	of	ADP
ger-412	238	32	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	238	33	using	use	VERB
ger-412	238	34	real	real	ADJ
ger-412	238	35	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	238	36	life	life	NOUN
ger-412	238	37	situations	situation	NOUN
ger-412	238	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	39	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	238	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	238	42	sequences	sequence	NOUN
ger-412	238	43	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	238	44	barungwi	barungwi	PROPN
ger-412	238	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	46	cele	cele	PROPN
ger-412	238	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	48	mudongo	mudongo	NOUN
ger-412	238	49	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	50	morake	morake	NOUN
ger-412	238	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	52	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	238	53	hlomani	hlomani	PROPN
ger-412	238	54	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	55	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	238	56	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	238	57	masole	masole	PROPN
ger-412	238	58	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	59	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	238	60	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	238	61	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	238	62	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	63	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	238	64	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	238	65	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ger-412	238	66	of	of	ADP
ger-412	238	67	education	education	PROPN
ger-412	238	68	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	238	69	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	238	70	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	238	71	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	238	72	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	239	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	239	2	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	239	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	239	5	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	239	6	in	in	ADP
ger-412	239	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	239	8	primary	primary	NOUN
ger-412	239	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	239	10	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	239	11	1	1	NUM
ger-412	239	12	-	-	SYM
ger-412	239	13	6	6	NUM
ger-412	239	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	239	15	includes	include	VERB
ger-412	239	16	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	239	17	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	239	18	with	with	ADP
ger-412	239	19	one	one	NUM
ger-412	239	20	variable	variable	NOUN
ger-412	239	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	239	22	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	239	23	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ger-412	239	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	239	25	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	239	26	7	7	NUM
ger-412	239	27	-	-	SYM
ger-412	239	28	8)	8)	NUM
ger-412	239	29	includes	include	VERB
ger-412	239	30	quadratic	quadratic	ADJ
ger-412	239	31	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	239	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	33	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	239	34	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	239	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	36	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	239	37	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	239	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	39	linear	linear	PROPN
ger-412	239	40	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	239	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	42	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	239	43	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	239	44	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	239	45	formulae	formulae	ADJ
ger-412	239	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	47	rate	rate	NOUN
ger-412	239	48	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	239	49	speed	speed	NOUN
ger-412	239	50	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	51	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	239	52	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ger-412	239	53	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	54	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	239	55	set	set	VERB
ger-412	239	56	language	language	NOUN
ger-412	239	57	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	239	58	notation	notation	NOUN
ger-412	239	59	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	60	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	239	61	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	239	62	graphs	graph	NOUN
ger-412	239	63	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	239	64	chee	chee	NOUN
ger-412	239	65	et	et	NOUN
ger-412	239	66	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	239	67	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	239	68	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	69	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	239	70	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	239	71	quek	quek	PROPN
ger-412	239	72	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	239	73	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	239	74	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	239	75	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	76	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	239	77	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	239	78	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ger-412	239	79	of	of	ADP
ger-412	239	80	education	education	PROPN
ger-412	239	81	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	239	82	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	239	83	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	239	84	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	239	85	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	240	1	at	at	ADP
ger-412	240	2	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	240	3	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	240	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	240	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	240	6	substantial	substantial	ADJ
ger-412	240	7	section	section	NOUN
ger-412	240	8	of	of	ADP
ger-412	240	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	240	10	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ger-412	240	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	240	12	is	be	AUX
ger-412	240	13	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	240	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	240	15	kaur	kaur	NOUN
ger-412	240	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	240	17	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	240	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	240	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	241	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	241	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	241	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	241	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	241	5	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	241	6	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	241	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	241	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	241	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	241	10	guides	guide	NOUN
ger-412	241	11	vary	vary	VERB
ger-412	241	12	across	across	ADP
ger-412	241	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	241	14	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	241	15	states	state	NOUN
ger-412	241	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	241	17	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	241	18	districts	district	NOUN
ger-412	241	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	241	20	keene	keene	PROPN
ger-412	241	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	241	22	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	241	23	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	241	24	malley	malley	PROPN
ger-412	241	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	241	26	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	241	27	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	241	28	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	241	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	241	30	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	241	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	241	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	242	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	242	2	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	242	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	242	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	242	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	242	6	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	242	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	242	8	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-412	242	9	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	242	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	242	11	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	242	12	6	6	NUM
ger-412	242	13	-	-	SYM
ger-412	242	14	8)	8)	NUM
ger-412	242	15	include	include	VERB
ger-412	242	16	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	242	17	values	value	NOUN
ger-412	242	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	242	19	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	242	20	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	242	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	242	22	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	242	23	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	242	24	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	242	25	sequences	sequence	NOUN
ger-412	242	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	242	27	powers	power	NOUN
ger-412	242	28	of	of	ADP
ger-412	242	29	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	242	30	containing	contain	VERB
ger-412	242	31	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	242	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	242	33	national	national	PROPN
ger-412	242	34	council	council	PROPN
ger-412	242	35	of	of	ADP
ger-412	242	36	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	242	37	of	of	ADP
ger-412	242	38	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	243	1	[	[	X
ger-412	243	2	nctm	nctm	ADJ
ger-412	243	3	]	]	X
ger-412	243	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	243	5	2000	2000	NUM
ger-412	243	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	243	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	244	1	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	244	2	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	244	3	include	include	VERB
ger-412	244	4	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	244	5	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	244	6	for	for	ADP
ger-412	244	7	a	a	DET
ger-412	244	8	given	give	VERB
ger-412	244	9	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	244	10	value	value	NOUN
ger-412	244	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	12	simplification	simplification	NOUN
ger-412	244	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	244	14	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	244	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	244	16	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	244	17	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	244	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	19	using	use	VERB
ger-412	244	20	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	244	21	to	to	ADP
ger-412	244	22	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	244	23	situations	situation	NOUN
ger-412	244	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	25	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	244	26	linear	linear	NOUN
ger-412	244	27	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	244	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	29	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	244	30	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	244	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	244	33	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-412	244	34	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	244	35	of	of	ADP
ger-412	244	36	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	244	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	38	function	function	NOUN
ger-412	244	39	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	244	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	41	radicals	radical	NOUN
ger-412	244	42	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	244	43	integer	integer	NOUN
ger-412	244	44	exponents	exponent	NOUN
ger-412	244	45	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	244	46	keene	keene	PROPN
ger-412	244	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	48	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	244	49	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	244	50	malley	malley	PROPN
ger-412	244	51	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	52	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	244	53	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	244	54	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	244	55	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	244	56	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	244	57	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	244	58	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	245	1	while	while	SCONJ
ger-412	245	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	245	3	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	245	4	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	245	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	245	6	america	america	PROPN
ger-412	245	7	claimed	claim	VERB
ger-412	245	8	to	to	PART
ger-412	245	9	adopt	adopt	VERB
ger-412	245	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	245	11	common	common	ADJ
ger-412	245	12	core	core	NOUN
ger-412	245	13	state	state	NOUN
ger-412	245	14	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-412	245	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	245	16	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	245	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	245	18	2011(nga	2011(nga	NUM
ger-412	245	19	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	245	20	ccsso	ccsso	PROPN
ger-412	245	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	245	22	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	245	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	245	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	245	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	245	26	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	245	27	provided	provide	VERB
ger-412	245	28	in	in	ADP
ger-412	245	29	this	this	DET
ger-412	245	30	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	245	31	followed	follow	VERB
ger-412	245	32	nctm	nctm	ADJ
ger-412	245	33	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-412	245	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	246	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ger-412	246	2	1	1	NUM
ger-412	246	3	summarizes	summarize	NOUN
ger-412	246	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	246	5	hypothesized	hypothesized	ADJ
ger-412	246	6	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	246	7	of	of	ADP
ger-412	246	8	this	this	DET
ger-412	246	9	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	246	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	246	11	including	include	VERB
ger-412	246	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	246	13	background	background	NOUN
ger-412	246	14	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	246	15	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	246	16	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-412	246	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	246	18	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-412	246	19	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-412	246	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	246	21	background	background	NOUN
ger-412	246	22	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	246	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	247	1	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	247	2	’	’	PART
ger-412	247	3	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-412	247	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	247	5	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-412	247	6	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-412	247	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	247	8	background	background	NOUN
ger-412	247	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	247	10	are	be	AUX
ger-412	247	11	used	use	VERB
ger-412	247	12	as	as	ADP
ger-412	247	13	control	control	NOUN
ger-412	247	14	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	247	15	because	because	SCONJ
ger-412	247	16	they	they	PRON
ger-412	247	17	are	be	AUX
ger-412	247	18	factors	factor	NOUN
ger-412	247	19	that	that	PRON
ger-412	247	20	have	have	AUX
ger-412	247	21	been	be	AUX
ger-412	247	22	found	find	VERB
ger-412	247	23	to	to	PART
ger-412	247	24	influence	influence	VERB
ger-412	247	25	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	247	26	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-412	247	27	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	247	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	248	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	248	2	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	248	3	’	’	PART
ger-412	248	4	background	background	NOUN
ger-412	248	5	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	248	6	are	be	AUX
ger-412	248	7	a	a	DET
ger-412	248	8	socio	socio	NOUN
ger-412	248	9	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	248	10	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-412	248	11	measure	measure	NOUN
ger-412	248	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	248	13	a	a	DET
ger-412	248	14	term	term	NOUN
ger-412	248	15	introduced	introduce	VERB
ger-412	248	16	by	by	ADP
ger-412	248	17	carnoy	carnoy	NOUN
ger-412	248	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	248	19	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	248	20	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	248	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	248	22	which	which	PRON
ger-412	248	23	includes	include	VERB
ger-412	248	24	parental	parental	ADJ
ger-412	248	25	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	248	26	of	of	ADP
ger-412	248	27	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	248	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	248	29	the	the	DET
ger-412	248	30	number	number	NOUN
ger-412	248	31	of	of	ADP
ger-412	248	32	books	book	NOUN
ger-412	248	33	in	in	ADP
ger-412	248	34	the	the	DET
ger-412	248	35	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	248	36	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	248	37	home	home	NOUN
ger-412	248	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	249	1	i	i	PRON
ger-412	249	2	hypothesize	hypothesize	VERB
ger-412	249	3	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	249	4	those	those	DET
ger-412	249	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	249	6	who	who	PRON
ger-412	249	7	have	have	AUX
ger-412	249	8	had	have	VERB
ger-412	249	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	249	10	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	249	11	various	various	ADJ
ger-412	249	12	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	249	13	areas	area	NOUN
ger-412	249	14	of	of	ADP
ger-412	249	15	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	249	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	249	17	before	before	ADP
ger-412	249	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	249	19	at	at	ADP
ger-412	249	20	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	249	21	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	249	22	have	have	VERB
ger-412	249	23	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	249	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	249	25	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	249	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	249	27	controlling	control	VERB
ger-412	249	28	for	for	ADP
ger-412	249	29	their	their	PRON
ger-412	249	30	background	background	NOUN
ger-412	249	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	249	32	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-412	249	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	250	1	34	34	NUM
ger-412	250	2	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	250	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	250	4	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	250	5	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	250	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	250	7	figure	figure	NOUN
ger-412	250	8	1	1	NUM
ger-412	250	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	251	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	251	2	hypothesized	hypothesized	ADJ
ger-412	251	3	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	251	4	between	between	ADP
ger-412	251	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	251	6	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	251	7	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	251	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	251	9	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	251	10	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	251	11	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	251	12	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	251	13	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	251	14	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	251	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	252	1	method	method	PROPN
ger-412	252	2	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	252	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	252	4	sampling	sample	VERB
ger-412	252	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	252	6	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	252	7	used	use	VERB
ger-412	252	8	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	252	9	from	from	ADP
ger-412	252	10	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	252	11	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	252	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	252	13	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	252	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	253	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	253	2	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	253	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	253	4	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	253	5	are	be	AUX
ger-412	253	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	253	7	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ger-412	253	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	253	9	sixth	sixth	ADJ
ger-412	253	10	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	253	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	253	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	253	13	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	253	14	comparative	comparative	ADJ
ger-412	253	15	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-412	253	16	of	of	ADP
ger-412	253	17	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	253	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	253	19	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	253	20	around	around	ADV
ger-412	253	21	in	in	ADP
ger-412	253	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	253	23	world	world	NOUN
ger-412	253	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	253	25	respectively	respectively	ADV
ger-412	253	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	254	1	these	these	DET
ger-412	254	2	studies	study	NOUN
ger-412	254	3	are	be	AUX
ger-412	254	4	cross	cross	ADJ
ger-412	254	5	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	254	6	sectional	sectional	ADJ
ger-412	254	7	surveys	survey	NOUN
ger-412	254	8	of	of	ADP
ger-412	254	9	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	254	10	about	about	ADP
ger-412	254	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	254	12	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	254	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	254	14	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	254	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	254	16	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	254	17	cross	cross	ADJ
ger-412	254	18	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	254	19	nationally	nationally	ADV
ger-412	254	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	254	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	254	22	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ger-412	254	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	254	24	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	254	25	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	254	26	of	of	ADP
ger-412	254	27	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	254	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	255	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	255	2	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ger-412	255	3	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	255	4	was	be	AUX
ger-412	255	5	considered	consider	VERB
ger-412	255	6	as	as	ADP
ger-412	255	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	255	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	255	9	who	who	PRON
ger-412	255	10	have	have	AUX
ger-412	255	11	been	be	AUX
ger-412	255	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	255	13	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	255	14	for	for	ADP
ger-412	255	15	four	four	NUM
ger-412	255	16	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	255	17	beginning	begin	VERB
ger-412	255	18	from	from	ADP
ger-412	255	19	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	255	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	255	21	with	with	ADP
ger-412	255	22	a	a	DET
ger-412	255	23	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	255	24	age	age	NOUN
ger-412	255	25	of	of	ADP
ger-412	255	26	at	at	ADV
ger-412	255	27	least	least	ADV
ger-412	255	28	9.5	9.5	NUM
ger-412	255	29	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	255	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	256	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ger-412	256	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	256	3	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	256	4	sampled	sample	VERB
ger-412	256	5	for	for	ADP
ger-412	256	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	256	7	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	256	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	256	9	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	256	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	256	11	have	have	AUX
ger-412	256	12	been	be	AUX
ger-412	256	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	256	14	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	256	15	for	for	ADP
ger-412	256	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	256	17	last	last	ADJ
ger-412	256	18	eight	eight	NUM
ger-412	256	19	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	256	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	256	21	mean	mean	VERB
ger-412	256	22	age	age	NOUN
ger-412	256	23	of	of	ADP
ger-412	256	24	at	at	ADV
ger-412	256	25	least	least	ADV
ger-412	256	26	13.5	13.5	NUM
ger-412	256	27	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	256	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	256	29	laroche	laroche	PROPN
ger-412	256	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	256	31	joncas	joncas	PROPN
ger-412	256	32	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	256	33	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	256	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	256	35	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	256	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	256	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	257	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	257	2	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	257	3	were	be	AUX
ger-412	257	4	collected	collect	VERB
ger-412	257	5	through	through	ADP
ger-412	257	6	a	a	DET
ger-412	257	7	disproportionate	disproportionate	ADJ
ger-412	257	8	sampling	sample	VERB
ger-412	257	9	procedure	procedure	NOUN
ger-412	257	10	in	in	ADP
ger-412	257	11	which	which	PRON
ger-412	257	12	whole	whole	ADJ
ger-412	257	13	classes	class	NOUN
ger-412	257	14	were	be	AUX
ger-412	257	15	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	257	16	after	after	ADP
ger-412	257	17	dividing	divide	VERB
ger-412	257	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	257	19	target	target	NOUN
ger-412	257	20	population	population	NOUN
ger-412	257	21	into	into	ADP
ger-412	257	22	strata	strata	NOUN
ger-412	257	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	257	24	olson	olson	NOUN
ger-412	257	25	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	257	26	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	257	27	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	257	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	257	29	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	257	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	257	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	258	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	258	2	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	258	3	were	be	AUX
ger-412	258	4	sampled	sample	VERB
ger-412	258	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	258	6	each	each	PRON
ger-412	258	7	of	of	ADP
ger-412	258	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	258	9	strata	strata	NOUN
ger-412	258	10	in	in	ADP
ger-412	258	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	258	12	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	258	13	stage	stage	NOUN
ger-412	258	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	258	15	then	then	ADV
ger-412	258	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	258	17	classes	class	NOUN
ger-412	258	18	within	within	ADP
ger-412	258	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	258	20	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	258	21	in	in	ADP
ger-412	258	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	258	23	second	second	ADJ
ger-412	258	24	stage	stage	NOUN
ger-412	258	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	259	1	stratification	stratification	NOUN
ger-412	259	2	improves	improve	VERB
ger-412	259	3	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ger-412	259	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	259	5	makes	make	VERB
ger-412	259	6	estimates	estimate	NOUN
ger-412	259	7	more	more	ADV
ger-412	259	8	reliable	reliable	ADJ
ger-412	259	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	259	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	259	11	allows	allow	VERB
ger-412	259	12	for	for	ADP
ger-412	259	13	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-412	259	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	259	15	sampling	sample	VERB
ger-412	259	16	based	base	VERB
ger-412	259	17	on	on	ADP
ger-412	259	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	259	19	population	population	NOUN
ger-412	259	20	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	259	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	259	22	laroche	laroche	PROPN
ger-412	259	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	259	24	joncas	joncas	PROPN
ger-412	259	25	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	259	26	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	259	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	259	28	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	259	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	259	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	260	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	260	2	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	260	3	used	use	VERB
ger-412	260	4	for	for	ADP
ger-412	260	5	stratifying	stratify	VERB
ger-412	260	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	260	7	samples	sample	NOUN
ger-412	260	8	were	be	AUX
ger-412	260	9	agreed	agree	VERB
ger-412	260	10	upon	upon	SCONJ
ger-412	260	11	by	by	ADP
ger-412	260	12	consultation	consultation	NOUN
ger-412	260	13	between	between	ADP
ger-412	260	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	260	15	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	260	16	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	260	17	centers	center	NOUN
ger-412	260	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	260	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	260	20	participating	participate	VERB
ger-412	260	21	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	260	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	260	23	statistics	statistics	PROPN
ger-412	260	24	canada	canada	PROPN
ger-412	260	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	260	26	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	260	27	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	260	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	260	29	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	260	30	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	260	31	arora	arora	PROPN
ger-412	260	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	260	33	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	260	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	260	35	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	260	36	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	260	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	260	38	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	260	39	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	260	40	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	260	41	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	260	42	hooper	hooper	PROPN
ger-412	260	43	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	260	44	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	260	45	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	260	46	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	260	47	aims	aim	VERB
ger-412	260	48	to	to	PART
ger-412	260	49	get	get	VERB
ger-412	260	50	a	a	DET
ger-412	260	51	100	100	NUM
ger-412	260	52	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	260	53	participation	participation	NOUN
ger-412	260	54	rate	rate	NOUN
ger-412	260	55	for	for	ADP
ger-412	260	56	the	the	DET
ger-412	260	57	sampled	sample	VERB
ger-412	260	58	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	260	59	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	260	60	classes	class	NOUN
ger-412	260	61	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	261	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	261	2	sampling	sample	VERB
ger-412	261	3	team	team	NOUN
ger-412	261	4	set	set	VERB
ger-412	261	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	261	6	required	require	VERB
ger-412	261	7	participation	participation	NOUN
ger-412	261	8	rates	rate	NOUN
ger-412	261	9	at	at	ADP
ger-412	261	10	85	85	NUM
ger-412	261	11	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	261	12	minimum	minimum	NOUN
ger-412	261	13	for	for	ADP
ger-412	261	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	261	15	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	261	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	261	17	95	95	NUM
ger-412	261	18	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	261	19	for	for	ADP
ger-412	261	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	261	21	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-412	261	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	261	23	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	261	24	a	a	DET
ger-412	261	25	combined	combine	VERB
ger-412	261	26	participation	participation	NOUN
ger-412	261	27	rate	rate	NOUN
ger-412	261	28	of	of	ADP
ger-412	261	29	75	75	NUM
ger-412	261	30	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	261	31	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	261	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	261	33	laroche	laroche	PROPN
ger-412	261	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	261	35	joncas	joncas	PROPN
ger-412	261	36	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	261	37	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	261	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	261	39	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	261	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	261	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	262	1	for	for	ADP
ger-412	262	2	each	each	PRON
ger-412	262	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	262	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	262	5	sampled	sample	VERB
ger-412	262	6	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	262	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	262	8	two	two	NUM
ger-412	262	9	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	262	10	were	be	AUX
ger-412	262	11	identified	identify	VERB
ger-412	262	12	as	as	ADP
ger-412	262	13	replacement	replacement	NOUN
ger-412	262	14	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	262	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	262	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	262	17	specified	specified	ADJ
ger-412	262	18	stratum	stratum	NOUN
ger-412	262	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	263	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	263	2	order	order	NOUN
ger-412	263	3	to	to	PART
ger-412	263	4	cater	cater	VERB
ger-412	263	5	for	for	ADP
ger-412	263	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	263	7	differing	differ	VERB
ger-412	263	8	sizes	size	NOUN
ger-412	263	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	263	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	263	11	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	263	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	263	13	classes	class	NOUN
ger-412	263	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	263	15	non	non	ADJ
ger-412	263	16	-	-	NOUN
ger-412	263	17	participation	participation	NOUN
ger-412	263	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	263	19	unique	unique	ADJ
ger-412	263	20	sampling	sampling	NOUN
ger-412	263	21	weights	weight	NOUN
ger-412	263	22	were	be	AUX
ger-412	263	23	introduced	introduce	VERB
ger-412	263	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	263	25	laroche	laroche	PROPN
ger-412	263	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	263	27	joncas	joncas	PROPN
ger-412	263	28	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	263	29	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	263	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	263	31	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	263	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	263	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	264	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	264	2	sampling	sample	VERB
ger-412	264	3	weights	weight	NOUN
ger-412	264	4	were	be	AUX
ger-412	264	5	calculated	calculate	VERB
ger-412	264	6	for	for	ADP
ger-412	264	7	each	each	DET
ger-412	264	8	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	264	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	264	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	264	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	264	12	were	be	AUX
ger-412	264	13	taken	take	VERB
ger-412	264	14	into	into	ADP
ger-412	264	15	consideration	consideration	NOUN
ger-412	264	16	during	during	ADP
ger-412	264	17	any	any	DET
ger-412	264	18	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	264	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	264	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	265	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	265	2	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	265	3	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	265	4	was	be	AUX
ger-412	265	5	collected	collect	VERB
ger-412	265	6	from	from	ADP
ger-412	265	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	265	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	265	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	265	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	265	11	principals	principal	NOUN
ger-412	265	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	265	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	265	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	265	15	representatives	representative	NOUN
ger-412	265	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	265	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	265	18	participating	participate	VERB
ger-412	265	19	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	265	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	266	1	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	266	2	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	266	3	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	266	4	'	'	PART
ger-412	266	5	background	background	NOUN
ger-412	266	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	266	7	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	266	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	266	9	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	266	10	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	266	11	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	266	12	before	before	ADP
ger-412	266	13	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	266	14	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	266	15	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	266	16	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	266	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	266	18	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	266	19	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	266	20	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	266	21	at	at	ADP
ger-412	266	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	266	23	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	266	24	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	266	25	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	266	26	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	266	27	to	to	PART
ger-412	266	28	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	266	29	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	266	30	35	35	NUM
ger-412	266	31	background	background	NOUN
ger-412	266	32	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	266	33	was	be	AUX
ger-412	266	34	collected	collect	VERB
ger-412	266	35	from	from	ADP
ger-412	266	36	the	the	DET
ger-412	266	37	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	266	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	266	39	their	their	PRON
ger-412	266	40	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	266	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	267	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	267	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ger-412	267	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	267	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	267	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	267	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	267	7	their	their	PRON
ger-412	267	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	267	9	responded	respond	VERB
ger-412	267	10	to	to	ADP
ger-412	267	11	questions	question	NOUN
ger-412	267	12	about	about	ADP
ger-412	267	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	267	14	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	267	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	267	16	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	267	17	of	of	ADP
ger-412	267	18	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	267	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	268	1	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	268	2	about	about	ADP
ger-412	268	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	268	4	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	268	5	was	be	AUX
ger-412	268	6	obtained	obtain	VERB
ger-412	268	7	from	from	ADP
ger-412	268	8	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	268	9	representatives	representative	NOUN
ger-412	268	10	in	in	ADP
ger-412	268	11	each	each	PRON
ger-412	268	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	268	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	268	14	participating	participate	VERB
ger-412	268	15	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	268	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	269	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	269	2	principals	principal	NOUN
ger-412	269	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	269	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	269	5	participating	participate	VERB
ger-412	269	6	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	269	7	provided	provide	VERB
ger-412	269	8	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	269	9	about	about	ADP
ger-412	269	10	their	their	PRON
ger-412	269	11	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	269	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	270	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	270	2	sum	sum	NOUN
ger-412	270	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	270	4	45	45	NUM
ger-412	270	5	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	270	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	270	7	14	14	NUM
ger-412	270	8	benchmarking	benchmarke	VERB
ger-412	270	9	entities	entity	NOUN
ger-412	270	10	participated	participate	VERB
ger-412	270	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	270	12	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	270	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	270	14	57	57	NUM
ger-412	270	15	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	270	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	270	17	7	7	NUM
ger-412	270	18	benchmarking	benchmarke	VERB
ger-412	270	19	entities	entity	NOUN
ger-412	270	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	270	21	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	270	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	271	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	271	2	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	271	3	gathered	gather	VERB
ger-412	271	4	from	from	ADP
ger-412	271	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	271	6	data	data	NOUN
ger-412	271	7	informs	inform	VERB
ger-412	271	8	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	271	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	271	10	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-412	271	11	towards	towards	ADP
ger-412	271	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	271	13	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ger-412	271	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	271	15	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	271	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	271	17	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	271	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	271	19	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	271	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	271	21	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	271	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	272	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	272	2	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	272	3	focused	focus	VERB
ger-412	272	4	on	on	ADP
ger-412	272	5	three	three	NUM
ger-412	272	6	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	272	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	272	8	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	272	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	272	10	n=5400	n=5400	PROPN
ger-412	272	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	272	12	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	272	13	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	272	14	n=5964	n=5964	PROPN
ger-412	272	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	272	16	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	272	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	272	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	272	19	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	272	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	272	21	n=5927	n=5927	PROPN
ger-412	272	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	272	23	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	272	24	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	272	25	n=6116	n=6116	PROPN
ger-412	272	26	in	in	ADP
ger-412	272	27	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	272	28	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	272	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	272	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	272	31	the	the	DET
ger-412	272	32	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	272	33	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	272	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	272	35	n=10,477	n=10,477	PROPN
ger-412	272	36	in	in	ADP
ger-412	272	37	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	272	38	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	272	39	n=10,491	n=10,491	PROPN
ger-412	272	40	in	in	ADP
ger-412	272	41	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	272	42	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	272	43	that	that	PRON
ger-412	272	44	participated	participate	VERB
ger-412	272	45	in	in	ADP
ger-412	272	46	the	the	DET
ger-412	272	47	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	272	48	-2011	-2011	PROPN
ger-412	272	49	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	272	50	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	272	51	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	273	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	273	2	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	273	3	association	association	NOUN
ger-412	273	4	for	for	ADP
ger-412	273	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	273	6	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ger-412	273	7	of	of	ADP
ger-412	273	8	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	273	9	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	273	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	273	11	iea	iea	NOUN
ger-412	273	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	273	13	had	have	VERB
ger-412	273	14	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	273	15	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	273	16	coordinators	coordinator	NOUN
ger-412	273	17	from	from	ADP
ger-412	273	18	each	each	PRON
ger-412	273	19	of	of	ADP
ger-412	273	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	273	21	participating	participate	VERB
ger-412	273	22	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	273	23	conducting	conduct	VERB
ger-412	273	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	273	25	survey	survey	NOUN
ger-412	273	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	274	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	274	2	target	target	NOUN
ger-412	274	3	population	population	NOUN
ger-412	274	4	was	be	AUX
ger-412	274	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	274	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	274	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	274	8	their	their	PRON
ger-412	274	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	274	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	274	11	who	who	PRON
ger-412	274	12	were	be	AUX
ger-412	274	13	classified	classify	VERB
ger-412	274	14	by	by	ADP
ger-412	274	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	274	16	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	274	17	standard	standard	NOUN
ger-412	274	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	274	19	classification	classification	NOUN
ger-412	274	20	of	of	ADP
ger-412	274	21	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	274	22	to	to	PART
ger-412	274	23	be	be	AUX
ger-412	274	24	in	in	ADP
ger-412	274	25	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	274	26	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	274	27	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	274	28	its	its	PRON
ger-412	274	29	equivalent	equivalent	NOUN
ger-412	274	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	275	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	275	2	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	275	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	275	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	275	5	ninth	ninth	ADJ
ger-412	275	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	275	7	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	275	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	275	9	responded	respond	VERB
ger-412	275	10	to	to	ADP
ger-412	275	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	275	12	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	275	13	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	275	14	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	275	15	survey	survey	NOUN
ger-412	275	16	but	but	CCONJ
ger-412	275	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	275	18	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	275	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	275	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	275	21	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	275	22	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	275	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	275	24	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	275	25	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	275	26	were	be	AUX
ger-412	275	27	the	the	DET
ger-412	275	28	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ger-412	275	29	in	in	ADP
ger-412	275	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	275	31	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	275	32	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	276	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	276	2	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	276	3	relied	rely	VERB
ger-412	276	4	on	on	ADP
ger-412	276	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	276	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	276	7	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	276	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	276	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	276	10	’	’	PART
ger-412	276	11	self	self	NOUN
ger-412	276	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	276	13	reports	report	NOUN
ger-412	276	14	on	on	ADP
ger-412	276	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	276	16	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	276	17	to	to	PART
ger-412	276	18	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	276	19	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	276	20	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	276	21	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	276	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	276	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	276	24	amount	amount	NOUN
ger-412	276	25	of	of	ADP
ger-412	276	26	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	276	27	devoted	devote	VERB
ger-412	276	28	to	to	ADP
ger-412	276	29	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	276	30	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	276	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	276	32	the	the	DET
ger-412	276	33	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	276	34	’	’	PART
ger-412	276	35	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	276	36	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	276	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	277	1	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	277	2	1	1	NUM
ger-412	277	3	presents	present	VERB
ger-412	277	4	a	a	DET
ger-412	277	5	description	description	NOUN
ger-412	277	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	277	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	277	8	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	277	9	used	use	VERB
ger-412	277	10	in	in	ADP
ger-412	277	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	277	12	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	277	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	278	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	278	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	278	3	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	278	4	two	two	NUM
ger-412	278	5	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	278	6	questions	question	NOUN
ger-412	278	7	required	require	VERB
ger-412	278	8	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ger-412	278	9	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	278	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	278	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	278	12	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	278	13	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	278	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	278	15	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	278	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	278	17	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	278	18	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	278	19	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	278	20	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	278	21	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	278	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	278	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	278	24	three	three	NUM
ger-412	278	25	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	278	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	279	1	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	279	2	question	question	NOUN
ger-412	279	3	one	one	NUM
ger-412	279	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	279	5	“	"	PUNCT
ger-412	279	6	how	how	SCONJ
ger-412	279	7	did	do	AUX
ger-412	279	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	279	9	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	279	10	to	to	PART
ger-412	279	11	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	279	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	279	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	279	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	279	15	’	’	PART
ger-412	279	16	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	279	17	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	279	18	differ	differ	VERB
ger-412	279	19	across	across	ADP
ger-412	279	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	279	21	three	three	NUM
ger-412	279	22	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	279	23	in	in	ADP
ger-412	279	24	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	279	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	279	26	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	279	27	?	?	PUNCT
ger-412	279	28	”	"	PUNCT
ger-412	280	1	this	this	DET
ger-412	280	2	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	280	3	question	question	NOUN
ger-412	280	4	was	be	AUX
ger-412	280	5	answered	answer	VERB
ger-412	280	6	using	use	VERB
ger-412	280	7	means	mean	NOUN
ger-412	280	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	280	9	standard	standard	ADJ
ger-412	280	10	deviations	deviation	NOUN
ger-412	280	11	that	that	PRON
ger-412	280	12	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
ger-412	280	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	280	14	variations	variation	NOUN
ger-412	280	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	280	16	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	280	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	280	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	280	19	’	’	PART
ger-412	280	20	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	280	21	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	280	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	280	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	280	24	three	three	NUM
ger-412	280	25	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	280	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	280	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	280	28	a	a	DET
ger-412	280	29	one	one	NUM
ger-412	280	30	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	280	31	way	way	NOUN
ger-412	280	32	anova	anova	PROPN
ger-412	280	33	to	to	PART
ger-412	280	34	test	test	VERB
ger-412	280	35	for	for	ADP
ger-412	280	36	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-412	280	37	in	in	ADP
ger-412	280	38	the	the	DET
ger-412	280	39	means	mean	NOUN
ger-412	280	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	281	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	281	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	281	3	included	include	VERB
ger-412	281	4	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	281	5	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-412	281	6	by	by	ADP
ger-412	281	7	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	281	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	281	9	a	a	DET
ger-412	281	10	combination	combination	NOUN
ger-412	281	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	281	12	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	281	13	from	from	ADP
ger-412	281	14	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	281	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	281	16	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	281	17	with	with	ADP
ger-412	281	18	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	281	19	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-412	281	20	tests	test	NOUN
ger-412	281	21	conducted	conduct	VERB
ger-412	281	22	where	where	SCONJ
ger-412	281	23	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-412	281	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	282	1	these	these	DET
ger-412	282	2	analyses	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	282	3	were	be	AUX
ger-412	282	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
ger-412	282	5	using	use	VERB
ger-412	282	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	282	7	iea	iea	NOUN
ger-412	282	8	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	282	9	database	database	NOUN
ger-412	282	10	analyzer	analyzer	PROPN
ger-412	282	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	282	12	idb	idb	PROPN
ger-412	282	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	282	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	283	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	283	2	idb	idb	PROPN
ger-412	283	3	analyzer	analyzer	PROPN
ger-412	283	4	was	be	AUX
ger-412	283	5	used	use	VERB
ger-412	283	6	to	to	PART
ger-412	283	7	merge	merge	VERB
ger-412	283	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	283	9	files	file	NOUN
ger-412	283	10	for	for	ADP
ger-412	283	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	283	12	three	three	NUM
ger-412	283	13	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	283	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	283	15	for	for	ADP
ger-412	283	16	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ger-412	283	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	283	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	283	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	283	20	merged	merge	VERB
ger-412	283	21	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	283	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	284	1	this	this	DET
ger-412	284	2	software	software	NOUN
ger-412	284	3	is	be	AUX
ger-412	284	4	a	a	DET
ger-412	284	5	plugin	plugin	NOUN
ger-412	284	6	used	use	VERB
ger-412	284	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	284	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	284	9	spss1	spss1	NOUN
ger-412	284	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	284	11	ibm	ibm	PROPN
ger-412	284	12	corporation	corporation	NOUN
ger-412	284	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	284	14	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	284	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	284	16	platform	platform	NOUN
ger-412	284	17	that	that	PRON
ger-412	284	18	considers	consider	VERB
ger-412	284	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	284	20	complex	complex	ADJ
ger-412	284	21	sampling	sampling	NOUN
ger-412	284	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	284	23	selecting	select	VERB
ger-412	284	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	284	25	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
ger-412	284	26	weight	weight	NOUN
ger-412	284	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	284	28	correcting	correct	VERB
ger-412	284	29	for	for	ADP
ger-412	284	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	284	31	standard	standard	ADJ
ger-412	284	32	error	error	NOUN
ger-412	284	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	285	1	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ger-412	285	2	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	285	3	on	on	ADP
ger-412	285	4	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	285	5	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	285	6	reports	report	NOUN
ger-412	285	7	about	about	ADP
ger-412	285	8	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	285	9	they	they	PRON
ger-412	285	10	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	285	11	to	to	PART
ger-412	285	12	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	285	13	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	285	14	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	285	15	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	285	16	as	as	ADV
ger-412	285	17	well	well	ADV
ger-412	285	18	as	as	ADP
ger-412	285	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	285	20	percentages	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	285	21	of	of	ADP
ger-412	285	22	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	285	23	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	285	24	reports	report	NOUN
ger-412	285	25	included	include	VERB
ger-412	285	26	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	285	27	they	they	PRON
ger-412	285	28	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	285	29	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	285	30	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	285	31	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	285	32	was	be	AUX
ger-412	285	33	used	use	VERB
ger-412	285	34	for	for	ADP
ger-412	285	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	285	36	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	285	37	of	of	ADP
ger-412	285	38	the	the	DET
ger-412	285	39	second	second	ADJ
ger-412	285	40	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	285	41	question	question	NOUN
ger-412	285	42	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	285	43	“	"	PUNCT
ger-412	285	44	what	what	PRON
ger-412	285	45	was	be	AUX
ger-412	285	46	the	the	DET
ger-412	285	47	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	285	48	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	285	49	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	285	50	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	285	51	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	285	52	in	in	ADP
ger-412	285	53	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	285	54	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	285	55	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	285	56	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ger-412	285	57	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	285	58	in	in	ADP
ger-412	285	59	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	285	60	?	?	PUNCT
ger-412	285	61	”	"	PUNCT
ger-412	285	62	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	285	63	was	be	AUX
ger-412	285	64	collected	collect	VERB
ger-412	285	65	from	from	ADP
ger-412	285	66	respondents	respondent	NOUN
ger-412	285	67	in	in	ADP
ger-412	285	68	the	the	DET
ger-412	285	69	respective	respective	ADJ
ger-412	285	70	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	285	71	providing	provide	VERB
ger-412	285	72	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	285	73	on	on	ADP
ger-412	285	74	the	the	DET
ger-412	285	75	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	285	76	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	285	77	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	285	78	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	285	79	available	available	ADJ
ger-412	285	80	from	from	ADP
ger-412	285	81	the	the	DET
ger-412	285	82	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	285	83	database	database	NOUN
ger-412	285	84	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	286	1	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	286	2	question	question	NOUN
ger-412	286	3	three	three	NUM
ger-412	286	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	286	5	“	"	PUNCT
ger-412	286	6	what	what	PRON
ger-412	286	7	is	be	AUX
ger-412	286	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	286	9	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	286	10	between	between	ADP
ger-412	286	11	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	286	12	to	to	PART
ger-412	286	13	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	286	14	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	286	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	286	16	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	286	17	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	286	18	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	286	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	286	20	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	286	21	across	across	ADP
ger-412	286	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	286	23	three	three	NUM
ger-412	286	24	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	286	25	?	?	PUNCT
ger-412	286	26	”	"	PUNCT
ger-412	286	27	was	be	AUX
ger-412	286	28	examined	examine	VERB
ger-412	286	29	using	use	VERB
ger-412	286	30	a	a	DET
ger-412	286	31	multi	multi	ADJ
ger-412	286	32	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	286	33	level	level	ADJ
ger-412	286	34	regression	regression	NOUN
ger-412	286	35	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	286	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	287	1	this	this	DET
ger-412	287	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	287	3	36	36	NUM
ger-412	287	4	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	287	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	287	6	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	287	7	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	287	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	287	9	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	287	10	1	1	NUM
ger-412	287	11	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	287	12	used	use	VERB
ger-412	287	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	287	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	287	15	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	287	16	main	main	ADJ
ger-412	287	17	variable	variable	ADJ
ger-412	287	18	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	287	19	type	type	NOUN
ger-412	287	20	description	description	NOUN
ger-412	287	21	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	287	22	to	to	PART
ger-412	287	23	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	287	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	287	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	287	26	intended	intended	ADJ
ger-412	287	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	287	28	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	287	29	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	287	30	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	287	31	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	287	32	should	should	AUX
ger-412	287	33	be	be	AUX
ger-412	287	34	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	287	35	ordinal	ordinal	ADJ
ger-412	287	36	from	from	ADP
ger-412	287	37	the	the	DET
ger-412	287	38	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	287	39	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
ger-412	287	40	the	the	DET
ger-412	287	41	respondent	respondent	NOUN
ger-412	287	42	selects	select	NOUN
ger-412	287	43	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	287	44	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	287	45	is	be	AUX
ger-412	287	46	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	287	47	to	to	PART
ger-412	287	48	be	be	AUX
ger-412	287	49	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	287	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	288	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	288	2	respondent	respondent	NOUN
ger-412	288	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	288	4	this	this	DET
ger-412	288	5	case	case	NOUN
ger-412	288	6	is	be	AUX
ger-412	288	7	either	either	CCONJ
ger-412	288	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	288	9	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	288	10	director	director	NOUN
ger-412	288	11	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	288	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	288	13	principals	principal	NOUN
ger-412	288	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	288	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	288	16	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	288	17	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	288	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	289	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	289	2	to	to	PART
ger-412	289	3	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	289	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	289	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	289	6	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	289	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	289	8	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	289	9	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	289	10	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	289	11	ordinal	ordinal	ADJ
ger-412	289	12	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	289	13	reports	report	VERB
ger-412	289	14	on	on	ADP
ger-412	289	15	whether	whether	SCONJ
ger-412	289	16	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	289	17	were	be	AUX
ger-412	289	18	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	289	19	before	before	ADP
ger-412	289	20	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	289	21	at	at	ADP
ger-412	289	22	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	289	23	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	289	24	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	289	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	290	1	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	290	2	spent	spend	VERB
ger-412	290	3	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	290	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	290	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	290	6	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	290	7	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	290	8	ordinal	ordinal	ADJ
ger-412	290	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	290	10	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	290	11	reports	report	VERB
ger-412	290	12	what	what	DET
ger-412	290	13	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	290	14	of	of	ADP
ger-412	290	15	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	290	16	they	they	PRON
ger-412	290	17	will	will	AUX
ger-412	290	18	have	have	AUX
ger-412	290	19	spent	spend	VERB
ger-412	290	20	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	290	21	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	290	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	290	23	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	290	24	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	290	25	by	by	ADP
ger-412	290	26	the	the	DET
ger-412	290	27	end	end	NOUN
ger-412	290	28	of	of	ADP
ger-412	290	29	the	the	DET
ger-412	290	30	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	290	31	year†.	year†.	NUM
ger-412	290	32	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	290	33	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	290	34	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	290	35	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	290	36	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ger-412	290	37	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	290	38	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	290	39	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	290	40	in	in	ADP
ger-412	290	41	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	290	42	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	290	43	of	of	ADP
ger-412	290	44	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	290	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	290	46	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	290	47	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	290	48	chance	chance	NOUN
ger-412	290	49	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	290	50	geometry	geometry	NOUN
ger-412	290	51	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	290	52	numbers	number	NOUN
ger-412	290	53	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	291	1	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-412	291	2	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	291	3	’	’	PART
ger-412	291	4	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-412	291	5	dichotomous	dichotomous	ADJ
ger-412	291	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	291	7	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-412	291	8	used	use	VERB
ger-412	291	9	as	as	ADP
ger-412	291	10	a	a	DET
ger-412	291	11	control	control	NOUN
ger-412	291	12	variable	variable	ADJ
ger-412	291	13	socio	socio	NOUN
ger-412	291	14	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	291	15	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-412	291	16	status	status	NOUN
ger-412	291	17	number	number	NOUN
ger-412	291	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	291	19	books	book	NOUN
ger-412	291	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	291	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	291	22	home	home	NOUN
ger-412	291	23	continuous	continuous	ADJ
ger-412	291	24	a	a	DET
ger-412	291	25	proxy	proxy	ADJ
ger-412	291	26	variable	variable	NOUN
ger-412	291	27	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	291	28	to	to	PART
ger-412	291	29	be	be	AUX
ger-412	291	30	used	use	VERB
ger-412	291	31	as	as	ADP
ger-412	291	32	a	a	DET
ger-412	291	33	measure	measure	NOUN
ger-412	291	34	of	of	ADP
ger-412	291	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	291	36	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	291	37	’	’	PART
ger-412	291	38	socio	socio	NOUN
ger-412	291	39	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	291	40	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-412	291	41	status	status	NOUN
ger-412	291	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	292	1	highest	high	ADJ
ger-412	292	2	parental	parental	ADJ
ger-412	292	3	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	292	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	292	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	292	6	mother	mother	NOUN
ger-412	292	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	292	8	fathers	father	NOUN
ger-412	292	9	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	292	10	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	292	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	292	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	292	13	given	give	VERB
ger-412	292	14	using	use	VERB
ger-412	292	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	292	16	isced	isced	ADJ
ger-412	292	17	classification	classification	NOUN
ger-412	292	18	†	†	NOUN
ger-412	292	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	292	20	categories	category	NOUN
ger-412	292	21	answered	answer	VERB
ger-412	292	22	are	be	AUX
ger-412	292	23	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	292	24	mostly	mostly	ADV
ger-412	292	25	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	292	26	this	this	DET
ger-412	292	27	year	year	NOUN
ger-412	292	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	292	29	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	292	30	before	before	ADP
ger-412	292	31	this	this	DET
ger-412	292	32	year	year	NOUN
ger-412	292	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	292	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	292	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	292	36	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	292	37	not	not	PART
ger-412	292	38	yet	yet	ADV
ger-412	292	39	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	292	40	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	292	41	just	just	ADV
ger-412	292	42	introduced	introduce	VERB
ger-412	292	43	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	293	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	293	2	this	this	DET
ger-412	293	3	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	293	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	293	5	responses	response	NOUN
ger-412	293	6	are	be	AUX
ger-412	293	7	recoded	recode	VERB
ger-412	293	8	such	such	ADJ
ger-412	293	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	293	10	mostly	mostly	ADV
ger-412	293	11	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	293	12	this	this	DET
ger-412	293	13	year	year	NOUN
ger-412	293	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	293	15	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	293	16	before	before	ADP
ger-412	293	17	this	this	DET
ger-412	293	18	year	year	NOUN
ger-412	293	19	were	be	AUX
ger-412	293	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	293	21	percentages	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	293	22	considered	consider	VERB
ger-412	293	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	294	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	294	2	to	to	PART
ger-412	294	3	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	294	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	294	5	37	37	NUM
ger-412	294	6	technique	technique	NOUN
ger-412	294	7	is	be	AUX
ger-412	294	8	useful	useful	ADJ
ger-412	294	9	because	because	SCONJ
ger-412	294	10	it	it	PRON
ger-412	294	11	considers	consider	VERB
ger-412	294	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	294	13	cluster	cluster	NOUN
ger-412	294	14	sampling	sample	VERB
ger-412	294	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	295	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	295	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	295	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	295	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	295	5	sampling	sample	VERB
ger-412	295	6	design	design	NOUN
ger-412	295	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	295	8	weighting	weighting	NOUN
ger-412	295	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	295	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	295	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	295	12	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	295	13	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	295	14	given	give	VERB
ger-412	295	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	295	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	295	17	form	form	NOUN
ger-412	295	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	295	19	five	five	NUM
ger-412	295	20	plausible	plausible	ADJ
ger-412	295	21	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	295	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	295	23	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	295	24	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	295	25	olson	olson	PROPN
ger-412	295	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	295	27	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	295	28	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	295	29	rutkowski	rutkowski	PROPN
ger-412	295	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	295	31	gonzalez	gonzalez	PROPN
ger-412	295	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	295	33	joncas	joncas	PROPN
ger-412	295	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	295	35	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	295	36	von	von	PROPN
ger-412	295	37	davier	davier	PROPN
ger-412	295	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	295	39	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	295	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	295	41	was	be	AUX
ger-412	295	42	considered	consider	VERB
ger-412	295	43	using	use	VERB
ger-412	295	44	hlm2	hlm2	NOUN
ger-412	295	45	software	software	NOUN
ger-412	295	46	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	295	47	raudenbush	raudenbush	PROPN
ger-412	295	48	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	295	49	bryk	bryk	PROPN
ger-412	295	50	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	295	51	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	295	52	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	295	53	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	296	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	296	2	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	296	3	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	296	4	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	296	5	were	be	AUX
ger-412	296	6	set	set	VERB
ger-412	296	7	at	at	ADP
ger-412	296	8	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	296	9	1	1	NUM
ger-412	296	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	296	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	296	12	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	296	13	variables	variable	VERB
ger-412	296	14	at	at	ADP
ger-412	296	15	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	296	16	2	2	NUM
ger-412	296	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	296	18	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	296	19	1	1	NUM
ger-412	296	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	296	21	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	296	22	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	296	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	296	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	296	25	achievementij	achievementij	NOUN
ger-412	297	1	=	=	PUNCT
ger-412	297	2	β0j	β0j	PUNCT
ger-412	297	3	+	+	CCONJ
ger-412	297	4	β1j*(genderij	β1j*(genderij	NOUN
ger-412	297	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	298	1	+	+	CCONJ
ger-412	298	2	β1j*(number	β1j*(number	NOUN
ger-412	298	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	298	4	books	book	NOUN
ger-412	298	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	298	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	298	7	homeij	homeij	NOUN
ger-412	298	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	298	9	+	+	NUM
ger-412	298	10	β1j*(parents	β1j*(parent	NOUN
ger-412	298	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	298	12	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	298	13	ij	ij	NOUN
ger-412	298	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	298	15	+	+	CCONJ
ger-412	298	16	rij	rij	ADJ
ger-412	298	17	β0j	β0j	PUNCT
ger-412	298	18	is	be	AUX
ger-412	298	19	average	average	ADJ
ger-412	298	20	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	298	21	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	298	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	298	23	institution	institution	NOUN
ger-412	298	24	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	298	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	298	26	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	298	27	represent	represent	VERB
ger-412	298	28	the	the	DET
ger-412	298	29	groupmean	groupmean	NOUN
ger-412	298	30	centered	center	VERB
ger-412	298	31	independent	independent	ADJ
ger-412	298	32	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	298	33	that	that	PRON
ger-412	298	34	include	include	VERB
ger-412	298	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	298	36	covariates	covariate	NOUN
ger-412	298	37	at	at	ADP
ger-412	298	38	the	the	DET
ger-412	298	39	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	298	40	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	298	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	299	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	299	2	beta	beta	ADJ
ger-412	299	3	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
ger-412	299	4	represent	represent	VERB
ger-412	299	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	299	6	slope	slope	NOUN
ger-412	299	7	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	299	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	299	9	corresponding	correspond	VERB
ger-412	299	10	change	change	NOUN
ger-412	299	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	299	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	299	13	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	299	14	for	for	ADP
ger-412	299	15	every	every	DET
ger-412	299	16	unit	unit	NOUN
ger-412	299	17	change	change	NOUN
ger-412	299	18	in	in	ADP
ger-412	299	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	299	20	covariates	covariate	NOUN
ger-412	299	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	300	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	300	2	error	error	NOUN
ger-412	300	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	300	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	300	5	prediction	prediction	NOUN
ger-412	300	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	300	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	300	8	equation	equation	NOUN
ger-412	300	9	is	be	AUX
ger-412	300	10	represented	represent	VERB
ger-412	300	11	by	by	ADP
ger-412	300	12	rij	rij	PROPN
ger-412	300	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	301	1	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	301	2	2	2	NUM
ger-412	301	3	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	301	4	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	301	5	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	301	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	301	7	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	301	8	1	1	NUM
ger-412	301	9	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	301	10	β0j	β0j	SYM
ger-412	301	11	=	=	SYM
ger-412	301	12	γ00	γ00	NOUN
ger-412	301	13	+	+	CCONJ
ger-412	301	14	γ01*(otl	γ01*(otl	ADP
ger-412	301	15	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	301	16	before	before	ADP
ger-412	301	17	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	301	18	grade2	grade2	PROPN
ger-412	301	19	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	301	20	6j	6j	NUM
ger-412	301	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	302	1	+	+	CCONJ
ger-412	302	2	u0j	u0j	ADP
ger-412	302	3	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	302	4	2	2	NUM
ger-412	302	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	302	6	β0j	β0j	SYM
ger-412	302	7	=	=	SYM
ger-412	302	8	γ00	γ00	NOUN
ger-412	302	9	+	+	CCONJ
ger-412	302	10	γ01*(otl	γ01*(otl	ADP
ger-412	302	11	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	302	12	at	at	ADP
ger-412	302	13	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	302	14	grade6	grade6	PROPN
ger-412	302	15	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	302	16	10j	10j	NUM
ger-412	302	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	303	1	+	+	CCONJ
ger-412	303	2	u0j	u0j	ADP
ger-412	303	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	303	4	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	303	5	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	303	6	are	be	AUX
ger-412	303	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	303	8	grand	grand	ADJ
ger-412	303	9	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	303	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	303	11	centered	center	VERB
ger-412	303	12	independent	independent	ADJ
ger-412	303	13	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	303	14	at	at	ADP
ger-412	303	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	303	16	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	303	17	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	303	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	304	1	γ00	γ00	PROPN
ger-412	304	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	304	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	304	4	grand	grand	ADJ
ger-412	304	5	mean	mean	NOUN
ger-412	304	6	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	304	7	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	304	8	of	of	ADP
ger-412	304	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	304	10	sample	sample	NOUN
ger-412	304	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	304	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	304	13	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	304	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	305	1	u0j	u0j	ADV
ger-412	305	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	305	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	305	4	random	random	ADJ
ger-412	305	5	error	error	NOUN
ger-412	305	6	for	for	ADP
ger-412	305	7	deviation	deviation	NOUN
ger-412	305	8	of	of	ADP
ger-412	305	9	group	group	NOUN
ger-412	305	10	intercept	intercept	NOUN
ger-412	305	11	with	with	ADP
ger-412	305	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	305	13	overall	overall	ADJ
ger-412	305	14	intercept	intercept	NOUN
ger-412	305	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	306	1	this	this	DET
ger-412	306	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	306	3	was	be	AUX
ger-412	306	4	run	run	VERB
ger-412	306	5	separately	separately	ADV
ger-412	306	6	for	for	ADP
ger-412	306	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	306	8	two	two	NUM
ger-412	306	9	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	306	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	307	1	results	result	VERB
ger-412	307	2	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	307	3	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	307	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	307	5	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	307	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	307	7	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	307	8	in	in	ADP
ger-412	307	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	307	10	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	307	11	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	307	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	307	13	each	each	DET
ger-412	307	14	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	307	15	answered	answer	VERB
ger-412	307	16	a	a	DET
ger-412	307	17	few	few	ADJ
ger-412	307	18	items	item	NOUN
ger-412	307	19	from	from	ADP
ger-412	307	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	307	21	more	more	ADV
ger-412	307	22	extensive	extensive	ADJ
ger-412	307	23	pool	pool	NOUN
ger-412	307	24	for	for	ADP
ger-412	307	25	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	307	26	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-412	307	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	308	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	308	2	limited	limited	ADJ
ger-412	308	3	responses	response	NOUN
ger-412	308	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	308	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	308	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	308	7	were	be	AUX
ger-412	308	8	used	use	VERB
ger-412	308	9	to	to	PART
ger-412	308	10	generate	generate	VERB
ger-412	308	11	an	an	DET
ger-412	308	12	ability	ability	NOUN
ger-412	308	13	distribution	distribution	NOUN
ger-412	308	14	for	for	ADP
ger-412	308	15	each	each	PRON
ger-412	308	16	of	of	ADP
ger-412	308	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	308	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	308	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	308	20	from	from	ADP
ger-412	308	21	which	which	PRON
ger-412	308	22	five	five	NUM
ger-412	308	23	plausible	plausible	ADJ
ger-412	308	24	values	value	NOUN
ger-412	308	25	calculated	calculate	VERB
ger-412	308	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	308	27	rutkowski	rutkowski	PROPN
ger-412	308	28	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	308	29	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	308	30	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	308	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	308	32	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	308	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	308	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	309	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	309	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	309	3	provided	provide	VERB
ger-412	309	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	309	5	combined	combine	VERB
ger-412	309	6	plausible	plausible	ADJ
ger-412	309	7	values	value	NOUN
ger-412	309	8	for	for	ADP
ger-412	309	9	each	each	DET
ger-412	309	10	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	309	11	found	find	VERB
ger-412	309	12	through	through	ADP
ger-412	309	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	309	14	use	use	NOUN
ger-412	309	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	309	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	309	17	idb	idb	PROPN
ger-412	309	18	analyzer	analyzer	PROPN
ger-412	309	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	310	1	figure	figure	NOUN
ger-412	310	2	2	2	NUM
ger-412	310	3	presents	present	VERB
ger-412	310	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	310	5	graph	graph	NOUN
ger-412	310	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	310	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	310	8	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-412	310	9	in	in	ADP
ger-412	310	10	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	310	11	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	310	12	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	310	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	310	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	310	15	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	310	16	areas	area	NOUN
ger-412	310	17	over	over	ADP
ger-412	310	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	310	19	two	two	NUM
ger-412	310	20	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	310	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	311	1	38	38	NUM
ger-412	311	2	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	311	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	311	4	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	311	5	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	311	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	311	7	figure	figure	NOUN
ger-412	311	8	2	2	NUM
ger-412	311	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	312	1	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	312	2	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	312	3	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	312	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	312	5	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	312	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	312	7	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	312	8	in	in	ADP
ger-412	312	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	312	10	four	four	NUM
ger-412	312	11	topical	topical	ADJ
ger-412	312	12	areas	area	NOUN
ger-412	312	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	312	14	mean	mean	VERB
ger-412	312	15	plausible	plausible	ADJ
ger-412	312	16	values	value	NOUN
ger-412	312	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	312	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	313	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	313	2	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ger-412	313	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	313	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	313	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	313	6	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	313	7	by	by	ADP
ger-412	313	8	average	average	ADJ
ger-412	313	9	math	math	NOUN
ger-412	313	10	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	313	11	between	between	ADP
ger-412	313	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	313	13	two	two	NUM
ger-412	313	14	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	313	15	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	313	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	313	17	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	313	18	areas	area	NOUN
ger-412	313	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	313	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	313	21	between	between	ADP
ger-412	313	22	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	313	23	indicated	indicate	VERB
ger-412	313	24	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	313	25	there	there	PRON
ger-412	313	26	were	be	VERB
ger-412	313	27	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-412	313	28	in	in	ADP
ger-412	313	29	the	the	DET
ger-412	313	30	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	313	31	’	’	PART
ger-412	313	32	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	313	33	worth	worth	ADJ
ger-412	313	34	mentioning	mention	VERB
ger-412	313	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	314	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	314	2	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	314	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	314	4	average	average	ADJ
ger-412	314	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	314	6	’	’	PART
ger-412	314	7	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	314	8	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	314	9	was	be	AUX
ger-412	314	10	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	314	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	314	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	314	13	m=512.19	m=512.19	NOUN
ger-412	314	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	314	15	sd	sd	ADP
ger-412	314	16	115.34	115.34	NUM
ger-412	314	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	314	18	than	than	ADP
ger-412	314	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	314	20	2011(m=507.62	2011(m=507.62	NUM
ger-412	314	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	314	22	sd	sd	ADP
ger-412	314	23	=	=	NOUN
ger-412	314	24	108.58	108.58	NUM
ger-412	314	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	314	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	314	27	t(44	t(44	NOUN
ger-412	314	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	314	29	103	103	NUM
ger-412	314	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	315	1	=	=	NOUN
ger-412	315	2	-4.284	-4.284	NOUN
ger-412	315	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	315	4	p<0.001	p<0.001	PROPN
ger-412	315	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	316	1	that	that	PRON
ger-412	316	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	316	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	316	4	a	a	DET
ger-412	316	5	combination	combination	NOUN
ger-412	316	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	316	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	316	8	math	math	NOUN
ger-412	316	9	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	316	10	in	in	ADP
ger-412	316	11	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	316	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	316	13	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	316	14	were	be	AUX
ger-412	316	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	316	16	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	316	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	317	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	317	2	further	further	ADJ
ger-412	317	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	317	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	317	5	each	each	DET
ger-412	317	6	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	317	7	area	area	NOUN
ger-412	317	8	for	for	ADP
ger-412	317	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	317	10	three	three	NUM
ger-412	317	11	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	317	12	combined	combine	VERB
ger-412	317	13	also	also	ADV
ger-412	317	14	indicated	indicate	VERB
ger-412	317	15	there	there	PRON
ger-412	317	16	was	be	VERB
ger-412	317	17	some	some	DET
ger-412	317	18	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	317	19	differences	difference	NOUN
ger-412	317	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	318	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	318	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	318	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	318	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	318	5	combined	combined	ADJ
ger-412	318	6	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ger-412	318	7	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	318	8	in	in	ADP
ger-412	318	9	numbers	number	NOUN
ger-412	318	10	were	be	AUX
ger-412	318	11	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	318	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	318	13	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	318	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	318	15	m=517.05	m=517.05	NOUN
ger-412	318	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	318	17	sd	sd	ADP
ger-412	318	18	118.79	118.79	NUM
ger-412	318	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	318	20	than	than	ADP
ger-412	318	21	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	318	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	318	23	m=509.19	m=509.19	NOUN
ger-412	318	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	318	25	sd	sd	ADP
ger-412	318	26	114.08	114.08	NUM
ger-412	318	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	318	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	318	29	t(44,103)=-7.085	t(44,103)=-7.085	PROPN
ger-412	318	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	318	31	p<.001	p<.001	NOUN
ger-412	318	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	318	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	319	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	319	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	319	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	319	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	319	5	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	319	6	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ger-412	319	7	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	319	8	for	for	ADP
ger-412	319	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	319	10	three	three	NUM
ger-412	319	11	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	319	12	revealed	reveal	VERB
ger-412	319	13	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	319	14	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	319	15	had	have	VERB
ger-412	319	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	319	17	lowest	low	ADJ
ger-412	319	18	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	319	19	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	319	20	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	319	21	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	319	22	to	to	ADP
ger-412	319	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	319	24	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	319	25	two	two	NUM
ger-412	319	26	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	319	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	319	28	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ger-412	319	29	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	319	30	had	have	VERB
ger-412	319	31	the	the	DET
ger-412	319	32	highest	high	ADJ
ger-412	319	33	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	319	34	in	in	ADP
ger-412	319	35	all	all	DET
ger-412	319	36	the	the	DET
ger-412	319	37	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ger-412	319	38	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	319	39	among	among	ADP
ger-412	319	40	the	the	DET
ger-412	319	41	three	three	NUM
ger-412	319	42	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	319	43	in	in	ADP
ger-412	319	44	both	both	DET
ger-412	319	45	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	319	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	320	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	320	2	had	have	VERB
ger-412	320	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	320	4	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	320	5	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	320	6	average	average	ADJ
ger-412	320	7	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	320	8	in	in	ADP
ger-412	320	9	all	all	DET
ger-412	320	10	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	320	11	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	320	12	areas	area	NOUN
ger-412	320	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	320	14	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	320	15	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	320	16	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	320	17	to	to	ADP
ger-412	320	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	320	19	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	320	20	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	320	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	320	22	p<.001	p<.001	NOUN
ger-412	320	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	320	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	320	25	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	320	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	320	27	p<.001	p<.001	PROPN
ger-412	320	28	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	320	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	321	1	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	321	2	was	be	AUX
ger-412	321	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	321	4	content	content	ADJ
ger-412	321	5	area	area	NOUN
ger-412	321	6	in	in	ADP
ger-412	321	7	which	which	PRON
ger-412	321	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	321	9	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	321	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	321	11	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	321	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	321	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	321	14	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	321	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	321	16	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	321	17	had	have	VERB
ger-412	321	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	321	19	highest	high	ADJ
ger-412	321	20	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	321	21	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	321	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	321	23	2011(406.81	2011(406.81	NUM
ger-412	321	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	321	25	614.47	614.47	NUM
ger-412	321	26	respectively	respectively	ADV
ger-412	321	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	321	28	in	in	ADP
ger-412	321	29	all	all	DET
ger-412	321	30	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	321	31	areas	area	NOUN
ger-412	321	32	within	within	ADP
ger-412	321	33	the	the	DET
ger-412	321	34	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	321	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	322	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	322	2	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	322	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	322	4	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	322	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	322	6	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	322	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	322	8	in	in	ADP
ger-412	322	9	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	322	10	still	still	ADV
ger-412	322	11	had	have	VERB
ger-412	322	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	322	13	highest	high	ADJ
ger-412	322	14	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	322	15	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	322	16	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	322	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	322	18	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	322	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	322	20	399.82	399.82	NUM
ger-412	322	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	322	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	322	23	but	but	CCONJ
ger-412	322	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	322	25	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	322	26	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	322	27	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	322	28	singaporean	singaporean	ADJ
ger-412	322	29	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	322	30	had	have	VERB
ger-412	322	31	their	their	PRON
ger-412	322	32	highest	high	ADJ
ger-412	322	33	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	322	34	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	322	35	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	322	36	in	in	ADP
ger-412	322	37	numbers	number	NOUN
ger-412	322	38	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	322	39	628.95	628.95	NUM
ger-412	322	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	322	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	323	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	323	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	323	3	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	323	4	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	323	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	323	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	323	7	highest	high	ADJ
ger-412	323	8	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	323	9	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	323	10	was	be	AUX
ger-412	323	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	323	12	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	323	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	323	14	chance	chance	NOUN
ger-412	323	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	323	16	2011(527.86	2011(527.86	NUM
ger-412	323	17	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	323	18	to	to	ADP
ger-412	323	19	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	323	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	323	21	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	323	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	323	23	524.86	524.86	NUM
ger-412	323	24	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	323	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	324	1	finally	finally	ADV
ger-412	324	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	324	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	324	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	324	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	324	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	324	7	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	324	8	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	324	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	324	10	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	324	11	maintained	maintain	VERB
ger-412	324	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	324	13	lowest	low	ADJ
ger-412	324	14	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	324	15	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	324	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	324	17	geometry	geometry	NOUN
ger-412	324	18	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	324	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	325	1	notably	notably	ADV
ger-412	325	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	325	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	325	4	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	325	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	325	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	325	7	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	325	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	325	9	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	325	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	325	11	lowest	low	ADJ
ger-412	325	12	mean	mean	ADJ
ger-412	325	13	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	325	14	shifted	shift	VERB
ger-412	325	15	from	from	ADP
ger-412	325	16	geometry	geometry	NOUN
ger-412	325	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	325	18	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	325	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	325	20	380.68	380.68	NUM
ger-412	325	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	325	22	to	to	ADP
ger-412	325	23	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	325	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	325	25	chance	chance	NOUN
ger-412	325	26	in	in	ADP
ger-412	325	27	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	325	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	325	29	373.56	373.56	NUM
ger-412	325	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	325	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	326	1	although	although	SCONJ
ger-412	326	2	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	326	3	was	be	AUX
ger-412	326	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	326	5	0	0	NUM
ger-412	326	6	100	100	NUM
ger-412	326	7	200	200	NUM
ger-412	326	8	300	300	NUM
ger-412	326	9	400	400	NUM
ger-412	326	10	500	500	NUM
ger-412	326	11	600	600	NUM
ger-412	326	12	700	700	NUM
ger-412	326	13	a	a	DET
ger-412	326	14	lg	lg	NOUN
ger-412	326	15	eb	eb	PROPN
ger-412	326	16	ra	ra	PROPN
ger-412	326	17	d	d	PROPN
ger-412	326	18	at	at	ADP
ger-412	326	19	a	a	DET
ger-412	326	20	an	an	PROPN
ger-412	326	21	d	d	X
ger-412	326	22	c	c	PROPN
ger-412	326	23	h	h	NOUN
ger-412	326	24	an	an	DET
ger-412	326	25	ce	ce	PROPN
ger-412	326	26	g	g	PROPN
ger-412	326	27	eo	eo	PROPN
ger-412	326	28	m	m	VERB
ger-412	326	29	et	et	NOUN
ger-412	326	30	ry	ry	PROPN
ger-412	326	31	n	n	PROPN
ger-412	326	32	u	u	PROPN
ger-412	326	33	m	m	PROPN
ger-412	326	34	b	b	NOUN
ger-412	326	35	er	er	INTJ
ger-412	326	36	s	s	VERB
ger-412	326	37	a	a	DET
ger-412	326	38	lg	lg	NOUN
ger-412	326	39	eb	eb	PROPN
ger-412	326	40	ra	ra	PROPN
ger-412	326	41	d	d	PROPN
ger-412	326	42	at	at	ADP
ger-412	326	43	a	a	DET
ger-412	326	44	an	an	PROPN
ger-412	326	45	d	d	X
ger-412	326	46	c	c	PROPN
ger-412	326	47	h	h	NOUN
ger-412	326	48	an	an	DET
ger-412	326	49	ce	ce	PROPN
ger-412	327	1	g	g	PROPN
ger-412	327	2	eo	eo	PROPN
ger-412	327	3	m	m	VERB
ger-412	327	4	et	et	NOUN
ger-412	327	5	ry	ry	PROPN
ger-412	327	6	n	n	PROPN
ger-412	327	7	u	u	PROPN
ger-412	327	8	m	m	PROPN
ger-412	327	9	b	b	NOUN
ger-412	327	10	er	er	INTJ
ger-412	327	11	s	s	VERB
ger-412	327	12	a	a	DET
ger-412	327	13	lg	lg	NOUN
ger-412	327	14	eb	eb	PROPN
ger-412	327	15	ra	ra	PROPN
ger-412	327	16	d	d	PROPN
ger-412	327	17	at	at	ADP
ger-412	327	18	a	a	DET
ger-412	327	19	an	an	PROPN
ger-412	327	20	d	d	X
ger-412	327	21	c	c	PROPN
ger-412	327	22	h	h	NOUN
ger-412	327	23	an	an	DET
ger-412	327	24	ce	ce	PROPN
ger-412	328	1	g	g	PROPN
ger-412	328	2	eo	eo	PROPN
ger-412	328	3	m	m	VERB
ger-412	328	4	et	et	NOUN
ger-412	328	5	ry	ry	PROPN
ger-412	328	6	n	n	PROPN
ger-412	328	7	u	u	PROPN
ger-412	328	8	m	m	PROPN
ger-412	328	9	b	b	NOUN
ger-412	328	10	er	er	INTJ
ger-412	328	11	s	s	PROPN
ger-412	328	12	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	328	13	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	328	14	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	328	15	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	328	16	s	s	PART
ger-412	328	17	co	co	X
ger-412	328	18	re	re	PROPN
ger-412	328	19	s	s	PROPN
ger-412	328	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	328	21	m	m	PROPN
ger-412	328	22	e	e	NOUN
ger-412	328	23	a	a	DET
ger-412	328	24	n	n	NOUN
ger-412	328	25	p	p	NOUN
ger-412	328	26	la	la	PUNCT
ger-412	328	27	u	u	PROPN
ger-412	328	28	si	si	PROPN
ger-412	328	29	b	b	PROPN
ger-412	328	30	le	le	X
ger-412	328	31	v	v	ADP
ger-412	328	32	a	a	DET
ger-412	328	33	lu	lu	NOUN
ger-412	328	34	e	e	NOUN
ger-412	328	35	s	s	PROPN
ger-412	328	36	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	328	37	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	328	38	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	328	39	to	to	PART
ger-412	328	40	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	328	41	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	328	42	39	39	NUM
ger-412	328	43	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	328	44	area	area	NOUN
ger-412	328	45	in	in	ADP
ger-412	328	46	which	which	PRON
ger-412	328	47	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	328	48	performed	perform	VERB
ger-412	328	49	highest	high	ADJ
ger-412	328	50	in	in	ADP
ger-412	328	51	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	328	52	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	328	53	the	the	DET
ger-412	328	54	general	general	ADJ
ger-412	328	55	performance	performance	NOUN
ger-412	328	56	in	in	ADP
ger-412	328	57	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	328	58	was	be	AUX
ger-412	328	59	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	328	60	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	328	61	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	328	62	p<.001	p<.001	NOUN
ger-412	328	63	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	328	64	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	328	65	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	328	66	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	328	67	to	to	ADP
ger-412	328	68	the	the	DET
ger-412	328	69	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	328	70	two	two	NUM
ger-412	328	71	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	328	72	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	329	1	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	329	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	329	3	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	329	4	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	329	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	329	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	329	7	second	second	ADJ
ger-412	329	8	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	329	9	question	question	NOUN
ger-412	329	10	was	be	AUX
ger-412	329	11	an	an	DET
ger-412	329	12	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN
ger-412	329	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	329	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	329	15	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	329	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	329	17	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	329	18	curricula	curricula	NOUN
ger-412	329	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	329	20	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	329	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	330	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	330	2	this	this	DET
ger-412	330	3	section	section	NOUN
ger-412	330	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	330	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	330	6	report	report	NOUN
ger-412	330	7	provides	provide	VERB
ger-412	330	8	a	a	DET
ger-412	330	9	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ger-412	330	10	summary	summary	NOUN
ger-412	330	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	330	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	330	13	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	330	14	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	330	15	as	as	SCONJ
ger-412	330	16	analyzed	analyze	VERB
ger-412	330	17	from	from	ADP
ger-412	330	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	330	19	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	330	20	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	330	21	base	base	NOUN
ger-412	330	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	330	23	collected	collect	VERB
ger-412	330	24	through	through	ADP
ger-412	330	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	330	26	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	330	27	questionnaire	questionnaire	NOUN
ger-412	330	28	in	in	ADP
ger-412	330	29	which	which	PRON
ger-412	330	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	330	31	principals	principal	NOUN
ger-412	330	32	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	330	33	the	the	DET
ger-412	330	34	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	330	35	directors	director	NOUN
ger-412	330	36	responded	respond	VERB
ger-412	330	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	331	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	331	2	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	331	3	curricula	curricula	NOUN
ger-412	331	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	331	5	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	331	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	331	7	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	331	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	331	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	331	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	331	11	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	331	12	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	331	13	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	331	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	331	15	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	331	16	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	331	17	were	be	AUX
ger-412	331	18	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	331	19	at	at	ADP
ger-412	331	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	331	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	331	22	introduced	introduce	VERB
ger-412	331	23	at	at	ADP
ger-412	331	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	331	25	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	331	26	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	331	27	levels	level	NOUN
ger-412	331	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	332	1	for	for	ADP
ger-412	332	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ger-412	332	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	332	4	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	332	5	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	332	6	should	should	AUX
ger-412	332	7	be	be	AUX
ger-412	332	8	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	332	9	at	at	ADP
ger-412	332	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	332	11	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	332	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	332	13	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	332	14	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	332	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	332	16	all	all	DET
ger-412	332	17	three	three	NUM
ger-412	332	18	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	332	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	333	1	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	333	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	333	3	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	333	4	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	333	5	was	be	AUX
ger-412	333	6	to	to	PART
ger-412	333	7	be	be	AUX
ger-412	333	8	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	333	9	from	from	ADP
ger-412	333	10	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	333	11	six	six	NUM
ger-412	333	12	onwards	onwards	ADV
ger-412	333	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	333	14	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	333	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	333	16	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	333	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	333	18	but	but	CCONJ
ger-412	333	19	to	to	PART
ger-412	333	20	be	be	AUX
ger-412	333	21	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	333	22	only	only	ADV
ger-412	333	23	at	at	ADP
ger-412	333	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	333	25	sixth	sixth	ADJ
ger-412	333	26	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	333	27	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	333	28	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	333	29	in	in	ADP
ger-412	333	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	333	31	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	333	32	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	333	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	333	34	some	some	DET
ger-412	333	35	sections	section	NOUN
ger-412	333	36	of	of	ADP
ger-412	333	37	the	the	DET
ger-412	333	38	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	333	39	to	to	PART
ger-412	333	40	be	be	AUX
ger-412	333	41	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	333	42	at	at	ADP
ger-412	333	43	the	the	DET
ger-412	333	44	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ger-412	333	45	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	333	46	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	333	47	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	333	48	in	in	ADP
ger-412	333	49	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	333	50	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	334	1	notably	notably	ADV
ger-412	334	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	334	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	334	4	singaporean	singaporean	ADJ
ger-412	334	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	334	6	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-412	334	7	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
ger-412	334	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	334	9	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	334	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	334	11	sequences	sequence	NOUN
ger-412	334	12	were	be	AUX
ger-412	334	13	to	to	PART
ger-412	334	14	be	be	AUX
ger-412	334	15	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	334	16	all	all	DET
ger-412	334	17	eight	eight	NUM
ger-412	334	18	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	334	19	from	from	ADP
ger-412	334	20	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	334	21	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	334	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	334	23	but	but	CCONJ
ger-412	334	24	to	to	PART
ger-412	334	25	be	be	AUX
ger-412	334	26	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	334	27	from	from	ADP
ger-412	334	28	third	third	ADJ
ger-412	334	29	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	334	30	in	in	ADP
ger-412	334	31	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	334	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	334	33	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ger-412	334	34	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	334	35	in	in	ADP
ger-412	334	36	the	the	DET
ger-412	334	37	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	334	38	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	334	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	335	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	335	2	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	335	3	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	335	4	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	335	5	were	be	AUX
ger-412	335	6	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	335	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	335	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	335	9	upper	upper	ADJ
ger-412	335	10	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	335	11	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	335	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	335	13	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	335	14	at	at	ADP
ger-412	335	15	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
ger-412	335	16	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	335	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	335	18	but	but	CCONJ
ger-412	335	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	335	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	335	21	levels	level	NOUN
ger-412	335	22	at	at	ADP
ger-412	335	23	which	which	PRON
ger-412	335	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	335	25	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	335	26	were	be	AUX
ger-412	335	27	first	first	ADV
ger-412	335	28	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	335	29	differed	differ	VERB
ger-412	335	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	336	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	336	2	summary	summary	NOUN
ger-412	336	3	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	336	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	336	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	336	6	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	336	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	336	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	336	9	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	336	10	levels	level	NOUN
ger-412	336	11	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	336	12	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	336	13	were	be	AUX
ger-412	336	14	to	to	PART
ger-412	336	15	be	be	AUX
ger-412	336	16	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	336	17	is	be	AUX
ger-412	336	18	summarized	summarize	VERB
ger-412	336	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	336	20	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	336	21	2	2	NUM
ger-412	336	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	336	23	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	336	24	2	2	NUM
ger-412	336	25	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	336	26	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	336	27	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	336	28	grades	grade	VERB
ger-412	336	29	1	1	NUM
ger-412	336	30	-	-	SYM
ger-412	336	31	8	8	NUM
ger-412	336	32	in	in	ADP
ger-412	336	33	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	336	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	336	35	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	336	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	336	37	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	336	38	the	the	DET
ger-412	336	39	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	336	40	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	336	41	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	336	42	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	336	43	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	336	44	grades	grade	VERB
ger-412	336	45	1	1	NUM
ger-412	336	46	2	2	NUM
ger-412	336	47	3	3	NUM
ger-412	336	48	4	4	NUM
ger-412	336	49	5	5	NUM
ger-412	336	50	6	6	NUM
ger-412	336	51	7	7	NUM
ger-412	336	52	8	8	NUM
ger-412	336	53	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	336	54	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	336	55	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	336	56	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	336	57	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	337	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	337	2	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	3	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	4	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	5	x	x	X
ger-412	337	6	singapore	singapore	NOUN
ger-412	337	7	x	x	SYM
ger-412	337	8	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	9	x	x	PROPN
ger-412	337	10	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	337	11	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	337	12	x	x	SYM
ger-412	337	13	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	337	14	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	337	15	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	337	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	337	17	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	337	18	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	337	19	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	20	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	21	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	22	x	x	X
ger-412	337	23	singapore	singapore	NOUN
ger-412	337	24	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	25	x	x	PROPN
ger-412	337	26	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	337	27	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	337	28	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	29	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	337	30	x	x	X
ger-412	337	31	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	337	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	337	33	two	two	NUM
ger-412	337	34	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	337	35	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	337	36	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	337	37	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	337	38	x	x	SYM
ger-412	337	39	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	337	40	x	x	PROPN
ger-412	337	41	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	337	42	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	337	43	x	x	SYM
ger-412	337	44	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	337	45	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	337	46	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	337	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	337	48	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	337	49	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	337	50	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	337	51	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	337	52	sequences	sequence	NOUN
ger-412	337	53	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	337	54	extension	extension	NOUN
ger-412	337	55	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	337	56	missing	miss	VERB
ger-412	337	57	terms	term	NOUN
ger-412	337	58	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	337	59	generalization	generalization	NOUN
ger-412	337	60	of	of	ADP
ger-412	337	61	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	337	62	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	338	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	338	2	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	1	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	2	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	3	x	x	SYM
ger-412	339	4	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	5	x	x	X
ger-412	339	6	singapore	singapore	NOUN
ger-412	339	7	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	8	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	9	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	10	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	11	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	12	x	x	SYM
ger-412	339	13	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	14	x	x	PROPN
ger-412	339	15	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	339	16	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	339	17	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	18	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	19	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	20	x	x	SYM
ger-412	339	21	x	x	SYM
ger-412	339	22	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-412	339	23	of	of	ADP
ger-412	339	24	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	339	25	as	as	ADP
ger-412	339	26	ordered	order	VERB
ger-412	339	27	pairs	pair	NOUN
ger-412	339	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	339	29	tables	table	NOUN
ger-412	339	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	339	31	graphs	graph	NOUN
ger-412	339	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	339	33	words	word	NOUN
ger-412	339	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	339	35	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	339	36	equations	equation	VERB
ger-412	339	37	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	339	38	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	39	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	40	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	41	singapore	singapore	NOUN
ger-412	339	42	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	339	43	x	x	PROPN
ger-412	339	44	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	339	45	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	339	46	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	340	1	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	340	2	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	340	3	x	x	VERB
ger-412	340	4	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	340	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	340	6	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	340	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	340	8	slopes	slope	NOUN
ger-412	340	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	340	10	intercepts	intercept	NOUN
ger-412	340	11	etc	etc	X
ger-412	340	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	340	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	341	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	341	2	x	x	SYM
ger-412	341	3	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	341	4	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	341	5	x	x	PROPN
ger-412	341	6	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	341	7	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	341	8	x	x	PUNCT
ger-412	341	9	x	x	SYM
ger-412	341	10	x	x	SYM
ger-412	341	11	40	40	NUM
ger-412	341	12	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	341	13	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	341	14	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	341	15	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	341	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	341	17	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	341	18	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	341	19	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	341	20	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	341	21	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	341	22	before	before	ADP
ger-412	341	23	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	341	24	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	341	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	341	26	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	341	27	of	of	ADP
ger-412	341	28	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	341	29	that	that	PRON
ger-412	341	30	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	341	31	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	341	32	various	various	ADJ
ger-412	341	33	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	341	34	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	341	35	before	before	ADP
ger-412	341	36	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	341	37	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	341	38	changed	change	VERB
ger-412	341	39	between	between	ADP
ger-412	341	40	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	341	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	341	42	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	341	43	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	342	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	342	2	all	all	DET
ger-412	342	3	three	three	NUM
ger-412	342	4	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	342	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	342	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	342	7	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ger-412	342	8	of	of	ADP
ger-412	342	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	342	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	342	11	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	342	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	342	13	who	who	PRON
ger-412	342	14	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	342	15	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	342	16	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	342	17	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	342	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	342	19	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	342	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	342	21	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	342	22	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	342	23	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	342	24	before	before	SCONJ
ger-412	342	25	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	342	26	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	342	27	increased	increase	VERB
ger-412	342	28	markedly	markedly	ADV
ger-412	342	29	between	between	ADP
ger-412	342	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	342	31	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	342	32	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	342	33	to	to	ADP
ger-412	342	34	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	342	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	343	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	343	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	343	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	343	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	343	5	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	343	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	343	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	343	8	who	who	PRON
ger-412	343	9	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	343	10	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	343	11	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	343	12	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	343	13	increased	increase	VERB
ger-412	343	14	from	from	ADP
ger-412	343	15	13.79	13.79	NUM
ger-412	343	16	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	343	17	to	to	ADP
ger-412	343	18	18.85	18.85	NUM
ger-412	343	19	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	343	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	343	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	343	22	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	343	23	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	343	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	343	25	31.62	31.62	NUM
ger-412	343	26	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	343	27	to	to	ADP
ger-412	343	28	40.39	40.39	NUM
ger-412	343	29	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	343	30	in	in	ADP
ger-412	343	31	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	343	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	343	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	343	34	16.09	16.09	NUM
ger-412	343	35	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	343	36	to	to	ADP
ger-412	343	37	19.49	19.49	NUM
ger-412	343	38	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	343	39	in	in	ADP
ger-412	343	40	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	343	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	344	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ger-412	344	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	344	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	344	4	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	344	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	344	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	344	7	who	who	PRON
ger-412	344	8	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	344	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	344	10	they	they	PRON
ger-412	344	11	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	344	12	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	344	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	344	14	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	344	15	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	344	16	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	344	17	increased	increase	VERB
ger-412	344	18	from	from	ADP
ger-412	344	19	18.75	18.75	NUM
ger-412	344	20	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	344	21	to	to	ADP
ger-412	344	22	29.87	29.87	NUM
ger-412	344	23	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	344	24	in	in	ADP
ger-412	344	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	344	26	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	344	27	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	344	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	344	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	344	30	28.69	28.69	NUM
ger-412	344	31	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	344	32	to	to	ADP
ger-412	344	33	48.41	48.41	NUM
ger-412	344	34	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	344	35	in	in	ADP
ger-412	344	36	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	344	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	345	1	also	also	ADV
ger-412	345	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	345	3	there	there	PRON
ger-412	345	4	was	be	VERB
ger-412	345	5	an	an	DET
ger-412	345	6	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-412	345	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	345	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	345	9	number	number	NOUN
ger-412	345	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	345	11	singaporean	singaporean	ADJ
ger-412	345	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	345	13	13.88	13.88	NUM
ger-412	345	14	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	345	15	to	to	ADP
ger-412	345	16	24.7	24.7	NUM
ger-412	345	17	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	345	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	345	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	345	20	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	345	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	345	22	15.37	15.37	NUM
ger-412	345	23	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	345	24	to	to	ADP
ger-412	345	25	18.72	18.72	NUM
ger-412	345	26	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	345	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	345	28	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	345	29	who	who	PRON
ger-412	345	30	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	345	31	they	they	PRON
ger-412	345	32	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	345	33	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-412	345	34	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	345	35	of	of	ADP
ger-412	345	36	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	345	37	across	across	ADP
ger-412	345	38	the	the	DET
ger-412	345	39	two	two	NUM
ger-412	345	40	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	345	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	346	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	346	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	346	3	there	there	PRON
ger-412	346	4	was	be	VERB
ger-412	346	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	346	6	decrease	decrease	NOUN
ger-412	346	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	346	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	346	9	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	346	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	346	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	346	12	who	who	PRON
ger-412	346	13	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	346	14	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	346	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	346	16	sequences	sequence	NOUN
ger-412	346	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	346	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	346	19	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	346	20	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	346	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	346	22	36.08	36.08	NUM
ger-412	346	23	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	346	24	to	to	ADP
ger-412	346	25	21.43	21.43	NUM
ger-412	346	26	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	346	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	346	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	346	29	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	346	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	346	31	50.46	50.46	NUM
ger-412	346	32	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	346	33	to	to	ADP
ger-412	346	34	40.38	40.38	NUM
ger-412	346	35	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	346	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	346	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	347	1	finally	finally	ADV
ger-412	347	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	347	3	there	there	PRON
ger-412	347	4	was	be	VERB
ger-412	347	5	an	an	DET
ger-412	347	6	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-412	347	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	347	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	347	9	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	347	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	347	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	347	12	who	who	PRON
ger-412	347	13	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	347	14	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	347	15	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	347	16	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	347	17	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	347	18	from	from	ADP
ger-412	347	19	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	347	20	to	to	ADP
ger-412	347	21	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	347	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	347	23	all	all	DET
ger-412	347	24	three	three	NUM
ger-412	347	25	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	347	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	348	1	that	that	PRON
ger-412	348	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	348	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	348	4	there	there	PRON
ger-412	348	5	was	be	VERB
ger-412	348	6	an	an	DET
ger-412	348	7	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-412	348	8	from	from	ADP
ger-412	348	9	13.79	13.79	NUM
ger-412	348	10	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	348	11	to	to	ADP
ger-412	348	12	18.85	18.85	NUM
ger-412	348	13	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	348	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	348	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	348	16	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	348	17	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	348	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	348	19	31.62	31.62	NUM
ger-412	348	20	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	348	21	to	to	ADP
ger-412	348	22	40.39	40.39	NUM
ger-412	348	23	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	348	24	in	in	ADP
ger-412	348	25	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	348	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	348	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	348	28	16.09	16.09	NUM
ger-412	348	29	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	348	30	to	to	ADP
ger-412	348	31	19.46	19.46	NUM
ger-412	348	32	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	348	33	in	in	ADP
ger-412	348	34	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	348	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	349	1	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	349	2	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	349	3	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	349	4	at	at	ADP
ger-412	349	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	349	6	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	349	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	349	8	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	349	9	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	349	10	most	most	ADJ
ger-412	349	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	349	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	349	13	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	349	14	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	349	15	was	be	AUX
ger-412	349	16	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	349	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	349	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	349	19	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	349	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	349	21	in	in	ADP
ger-412	349	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	349	23	three	three	NUM
ger-412	349	24	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	349	25	but	but	CCONJ
ger-412	349	26	with	with	ADP
ger-412	349	27	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	349	28	percentages	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	349	29	of	of	ADP
ger-412	349	30	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	349	31	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	349	32	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	349	33	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	349	34	in	in	ADP
ger-412	349	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	349	36	three	three	NUM
ger-412	349	37	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	349	38	in	in	ADP
ger-412	349	39	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	349	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	350	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-412	350	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	350	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	350	4	decreased	decrease	VERB
ger-412	350	5	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	350	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	350	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	350	8	across	across	ADP
ger-412	350	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	350	10	three	three	NUM
ger-412	350	11	nations	nation	NOUN
ger-412	350	12	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	350	13	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	350	14	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	350	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	350	16	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	350	17	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	350	18	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	350	19	at	at	ADP
ger-412	350	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	350	21	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	350	22	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	350	23	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	350	24	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	350	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	350	26	76.91	76.91	NUM
ger-412	350	27	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	350	28	to	to	ADP
ger-412	350	29	68.75	68.75	NUM
ger-412	350	30	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	350	31	in	in	ADP
ger-412	350	32	the	the	DET
ger-412	350	33	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	350	34	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	350	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	350	36	71.31	71.31	NUM
ger-412	350	37	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	350	38	to	to	ADP
ger-412	350	39	51	51	NUM
ger-412	350	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	350	41	59	59	NUM
ger-412	350	42	in	in	ADP
ger-412	350	43	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	350	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	350	45	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	350	46	52.16	52.16	NUM
ger-412	350	47	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	350	48	to	to	ADP
ger-412	350	49	46.16	46.16	NUM
ger-412	350	50	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	350	51	in	in	ADP
ger-412	350	52	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	350	53	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	350	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	351	1	notably	notably	ADV
ger-412	351	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	351	3	there	there	PRON
ger-412	351	4	was	be	VERB
ger-412	351	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	351	6	drop	drop	NOUN
ger-412	351	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	351	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	351	9	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	351	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	351	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	351	12	that	that	PRON
ger-412	351	13	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	351	14	having	having	AUX
ger-412	351	15	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	351	16	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	351	17	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	351	18	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	351	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	351	20	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	351	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	351	22	55.22to	55.22to	NUM
ger-412	351	23	40.14	40.14	NUM
ger-412	351	24	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	351	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	351	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	351	27	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	351	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	351	29	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	351	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	351	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	351	32	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	351	33	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	351	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	351	35	44.04	44.04	NUM
ger-412	351	36	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	351	37	to	to	ADP
ger-412	351	38	32.18	32.18	NUM
ger-412	351	39	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	351	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	351	41	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	351	42	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	351	43	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	351	44	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	351	45	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	351	46	32.77	32.77	NUM
ger-412	351	47	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	351	48	to	to	ADP
ger-412	351	49	16.59	16.59	NUM
ger-412	351	50	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	351	51	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	351	52	at	at	ADP
ger-412	351	53	the	the	DET
ger-412	351	54	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	351	55	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	351	56	in	in	ADP
ger-412	351	57	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	351	58	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	352	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	352	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	352	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	352	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	352	5	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	352	6	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	352	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	352	8	there	there	PRON
ger-412	352	9	was	be	VERB
ger-412	352	10	an	an	DET
ger-412	352	11	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-412	352	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	352	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	352	14	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	352	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	352	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	352	17	that	that	PRON
ger-412	352	18	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	352	19	having	having	AUX
ger-412	352	20	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	352	21	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	352	22	of	of	ADP
ger-412	352	23	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	352	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	352	25	80.74	80.74	NUM
ger-412	352	26	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	352	27	to	to	ADP
ger-412	352	28	88.42	88.42	NUM
ger-412	352	29	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	352	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	352	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	352	32	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	352	33	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	352	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	352	35	58.45	58.45	NUM
ger-412	352	36	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	352	37	to	to	PART
ger-412	352	38	79.73	79.73	NUM
ger-412	352	39	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	352	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	352	41	at	at	ADP
ger-412	352	42	the	the	DET
ger-412	352	43	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	352	44	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	352	45	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	352	46	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	352	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	353	1	finally	finally	ADV
ger-412	353	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	353	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	353	4	highest	high	ADJ
ger-412	353	5	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	353	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	353	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	353	8	that	that	PRON
ger-412	353	9	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	353	10	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	353	11	they	they	PRON
ger-412	353	12	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	353	13	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	353	14	of	of	ADP
ger-412	353	15	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	353	16	at	at	ADP
ger-412	353	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	353	18	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	353	19	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	353	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	353	21	89.53	89.53	NUM
ger-412	353	22	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	353	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	353	24	was	be	AUX
ger-412	353	25	in	in	ADP
ger-412	353	26	the	the	DET
ger-412	353	27	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	353	28	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	353	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	353	30	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ger-412	353	31	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	353	32	had	have	VERB
ger-412	353	33	the	the	DET
ger-412	353	34	lowest	low	ADJ
ger-412	353	35	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	353	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	353	37	30.88	30.88	NUM
ger-412	353	38	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	353	39	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	353	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	354	1	these	these	DET
ger-412	354	2	results	result	NOUN
ger-412	354	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	354	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	354	5	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	354	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	354	7	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	354	8	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	354	9	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	354	10	that	that	PRON
ger-412	354	11	represent	represent	VERB
ger-412	354	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	354	13	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	354	14	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	354	15	as	as	SCONJ
ger-412	354	16	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	354	17	by	by	ADP
ger-412	354	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	354	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	354	20	’	’	PART
ger-412	354	21	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	354	22	differed	differ	VERB
ger-412	354	23	in	in	ADP
ger-412	354	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	354	25	three	three	NUM
ger-412	354	26	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	354	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	355	1	also	also	ADV
ger-412	355	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	355	3	most	most	ADJ
ger-412	355	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	355	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	355	6	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	355	7	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	355	8	seemed	seem	VERB
ger-412	355	9	to	to	PART
ger-412	355	10	have	have	AUX
ger-412	355	11	been	be	AUX
ger-412	355	12	implemented	implement	VERB
ger-412	355	13	at	at	ADP
ger-412	355	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	355	15	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	355	16	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	355	17	as	as	SCONJ
ger-412	355	18	shown	show	VERB
ger-412	355	19	by	by	ADP
ger-412	355	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	355	21	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	355	22	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	355	23	of	of	ADP
ger-412	355	24	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	355	25	who	who	PRON
ger-412	355	26	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	355	27	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	355	28	they	they	PRON
ger-412	355	29	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	355	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	355	31	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	355	32	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	355	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	356	1	figures	figure	NOUN
ger-412	356	2	3	3	NUM
ger-412	356	3	-	-	SYM
ger-412	356	4	5	5	NUM
ger-412	356	5	provide	provide	NOUN
ger-412	356	6	summaries	summary	NOUN
ger-412	356	7	of	of	ADP
ger-412	356	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	356	9	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	356	10	various	various	ADJ
ger-412	356	11	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	356	12	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	356	13	before	before	ADP
ger-412	356	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	356	15	at	at	ADP
ger-412	356	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	356	17	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	356	18	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	356	19	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	356	20	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	356	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	357	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	357	2	to	to	PART
ger-412	357	3	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	357	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	357	5	41	41	NUM
ger-412	357	6	figure	figure	NOUN
ger-412	357	7	3	3	NUM
ger-412	357	8	.	.	NOUN
ger-412	357	9	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	357	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	357	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	357	12	who	who	PRON
ger-412	357	13	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	357	14	having	having	AUX
ger-412	357	15	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	357	16	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	357	17	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	357	18	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	357	19	before	before	ADP
ger-412	357	20	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	357	21	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	357	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	357	23	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	357	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	358	1	16.09	16.09	NUM
ger-412	358	2	15.37	15.37	NUM
ger-412	358	3	8.95	8.95	NUM
ger-412	358	4	40.16	40.16	NUM
ger-412	359	1	50.46	50.46	NUM
ger-412	359	2	31.62	31.62	NUM
ger-412	359	3	13.88	13.88	NUM
ger-412	359	4	4.45	4.45	NUM
ger-412	359	5	28.69	28.69	NUM
ger-412	359	6	65.81	65.81	NUM
ger-412	359	7	13.79	13.79	NUM
ger-412	359	8	8.17	8.17	NUM
ger-412	359	9	4.6	4.6	NUM
ger-412	359	10	18.75	18.75	NUM
ger-412	359	11	36.08	36.08	NUM
ger-412	359	12	0	0	NUM
ger-412	359	13	20	20	NUM
ger-412	359	14	40	40	NUM
ger-412	359	15	60	60	NUM
ger-412	359	16	80	80	NUM
ger-412	359	17	100	100	NUM
ger-412	359	18	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	359	19	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	359	20	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	359	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	359	22	inequalities	inequalitie	VERB
ger-412	359	23	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-412	359	24	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-412	359	25	of	of	ADP
ger-412	359	26	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	359	27	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	359	28	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	359	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	359	30	two	two	NUM
ger-412	359	31	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	359	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	359	33	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	359	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	359	35	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	359	36	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	359	37	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	359	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	359	39	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	359	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	359	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	359	42	geomeric	geomeric	ADJ
ger-412	359	43	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	359	44	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	359	45	of	of	ADP
ger-412	359	46	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	359	47	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	359	48	of	of	ADP
ger-412	359	49	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	359	50	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	359	51	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	359	52	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	359	53	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	359	54	42	42	NUM
ger-412	359	55	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	359	56	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	359	57	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	359	58	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	359	59	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	359	60	figure	figure	NOUN
ger-412	359	61	4	4	NUM
ger-412	359	62	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	359	63	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	359	64	of	of	ADP
ger-412	359	65	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	359	66	who	who	PRON
ger-412	359	67	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	359	68	having	having	AUX
ger-412	359	69	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	359	70	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	359	71	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	359	72	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	359	73	before	before	ADP
ger-412	359	74	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	359	75	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	359	76	in	in	ADP
ger-412	359	77	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	359	78	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	360	1	16.09	16.09	NUM
ger-412	360	2	15.37	15.37	NUM
ger-412	360	3	8.95	8.95	NUM
ger-412	360	4	40.16	40.16	NUM
ger-412	361	1	50.46	50.46	NUM
ger-412	361	2	31.62	31.62	NUM
ger-412	361	3	13.88	13.88	NUM
ger-412	361	4	4.45	4.45	NUM
ger-412	361	5	28.69	28.69	NUM
ger-412	361	6	65.81	65.81	NUM
ger-412	361	7	13.79	13.79	NUM
ger-412	361	8	8.17	8.17	NUM
ger-412	361	9	4.6	4.6	NUM
ger-412	361	10	18.75	18.75	NUM
ger-412	361	11	36.08	36.08	NUM
ger-412	361	12	0	0	NUM
ger-412	361	13	20	20	NUM
ger-412	361	14	40	40	NUM
ger-412	361	15	60	60	NUM
ger-412	361	16	80	80	NUM
ger-412	361	17	100	100	NUM
ger-412	361	18	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	361	19	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	361	20	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	361	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	361	22	inequalities	inequalitie	VERB
ger-412	361	23	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-412	361	24	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-412	361	25	of	of	ADP
ger-412	361	26	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	361	27	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	361	28	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	361	29	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	361	30	two	two	NUM
ger-412	361	31	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	361	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	361	33	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	361	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	361	35	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	361	36	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	361	37	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	361	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	361	39	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	361	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	361	41	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	361	42	geomeric	geomeric	ADJ
ger-412	361	43	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	361	44	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	361	45	of	of	ADP
ger-412	361	46	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	361	47	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	361	48	of	of	ADP
ger-412	361	49	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	361	50	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	361	51	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	361	52	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	361	53	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	361	54	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	361	55	to	to	PART
ger-412	361	56	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	361	57	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	361	58	43	43	NUM
ger-412	361	59	figure	figure	NOUN
ger-412	361	60	5	5	NUM
ger-412	361	61	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	361	62	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	361	63	of	of	ADP
ger-412	361	64	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	361	65	who	who	PRON
ger-412	361	66	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	361	67	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	361	68	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	361	69	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	361	70	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	361	71	at	at	ADP
ger-412	361	72	the	the	DET
ger-412	361	73	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	361	74	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	361	75	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	361	76	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	361	77	in	in	ADP
ger-412	361	78	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	361	79	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	361	80	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	361	81	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	362	1	55.22	55.22	NUM
ger-412	362	2	40.14	40.14	NUM
ger-412	362	3	40.74	40.74	NUM
ger-412	362	4	36.11	36.11	NUM
ger-412	362	5	32.77	32.77	NUM
ger-412	362	6	16.59	16.59	NUM
ger-412	362	7	52.16	52.16	NUM
ger-412	362	8	46.16	46.16	NUM
ger-412	362	9	44.04	44.04	NUM
ger-412	362	10	32.18	32.18	NUM
ger-412	362	11	30.88	30.88	NUM
ger-412	362	12	63.41	63.41	NUM
ger-412	362	13	58.29	58.29	NUM
ger-412	362	14	77.71	77.71	NUM
ger-412	362	15	69.75	69.75	NUM
ger-412	362	16	84.77	84.77	NUM
ger-412	362	17	86.19	86.19	NUM
ger-412	362	18	71.31	71.31	NUM
ger-412	362	19	51.59	51.59	NUM
ger-412	362	20	29.77	29.77	NUM
ger-412	362	21	26.07	26.07	NUM
ger-412	362	22	66.76	66.76	NUM
ger-412	362	23	75.93	75.93	NUM
ger-412	362	24	78.33	78.33	NUM
ger-412	362	25	80.74	80.74	NUM
ger-412	362	26	88.42	88.42	NUM
ger-412	362	27	58.45	58.45	NUM
ger-412	362	28	79.73	79.73	NUM
ger-412	362	29	76.91	76.91	NUM
ger-412	362	30	68.75	68.75	NUM
ger-412	362	31	54.28	54.28	NUM
ger-412	362	32	56.41	56.41	NUM
ger-412	362	33	89.53	89.53	NUM
ger-412	362	34	0	0	NUM
ger-412	362	35	20	20	NUM
ger-412	362	36	40	40	NUM
ger-412	362	37	60	60	NUM
ger-412	362	38	80	80	NUM
ger-412	362	39	100	100	NUM
ger-412	362	40	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	362	41	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	362	42	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	362	43	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	362	44	inequalities-2011	inequalities-2011	ADJ
ger-412	362	45	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	362	46	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	362	47	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	362	48	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	362	49	inequalities-2015	inequalities-2015	ADJ
ger-412	362	50	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-412	362	51	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-412	362	52	of	of	ADP
ger-412	362	53	functions-2011	functions-2011	ADJ
ger-412	362	54	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-412	362	55	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-412	362	56	of	of	ADP
ger-412	362	57	functions-2015	functions-2015	ADJ
ger-412	362	58	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	362	59	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	362	60	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	362	61	two	two	NUM
ger-412	362	62	variables)-2011	variables)-2011	NOUN
ger-412	362	63	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	362	64	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	362	65	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	362	66	two	two	NUM
ger-412	362	67	variables)-2015	variables)-2015	NOUN
ger-412	362	68	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	362	69	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	362	70	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	362	71	expressions-2011	expressions-2011	ADJ
ger-412	362	72	simplifying	simplifying	NOUN
ger-412	362	73	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	362	74	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	362	75	expressions-2015	expressions-2015	ADJ
ger-412	362	76	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	362	77	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	362	78	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	362	79	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	362	80	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	362	81	geomeric	geomeric	VERB
ger-412	362	82	patterns-2011	patterns-2011	NOUN
ger-412	362	83	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	362	84	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	362	85	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	362	86	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	362	87	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	362	88	geomeric	geomeric	ADJ
ger-412	362	89	patterns--2015	patterns--2015	PROPN
ger-412	362	90	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	362	91	of	of	ADP
ger-412	362	92	functions2011	functions2011	PROPN
ger-412	362	93	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	362	94	of	of	ADP
ger-412	362	95	functions2015	functions2015	PROPN
ger-412	362	96	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	362	97	of	of	ADP
ger-412	362	98	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	362	99	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	362	100	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	362	101	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	362	102	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	362	103	44	44	NUM
ger-412	362	104	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	362	105	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	362	106	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	362	107	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	362	108	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	362	109	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	362	110	between	between	ADP
ger-412	362	111	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	362	112	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	362	113	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	362	114	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	362	115	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	362	116	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	362	117	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	362	118	in	in	ADP
ger-412	362	119	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	362	120	?	?	PUNCT
ger-412	363	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	363	2	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	363	3	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	363	4	contributes	contribute	VERB
ger-412	363	5	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	363	6	on	on	ADP
ger-412	363	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	363	8	most	most	ADV
ger-412	363	9	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-412	363	10	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	363	11	between	between	ADP
ger-412	363	12	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	363	13	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	363	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	363	15	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	363	16	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	363	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	363	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	363	19	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	363	20	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	363	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	364	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	364	2	multi	multi	ADJ
ger-412	364	3	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	364	4	level	level	ADJ
ger-412	364	5	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	364	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	364	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	364	8	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	364	9	between	between	ADP
ger-412	364	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	364	11	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	364	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	364	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	364	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	364	15	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	364	16	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	364	17	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	364	18	in	in	ADP
ger-412	364	19	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	364	20	is	be	AUX
ger-412	364	21	presented	present	VERB
ger-412	364	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	364	23	tables	table	NOUN
ger-412	364	24	4	4	NUM
ger-412	364	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	364	26	5	5	NUM
ger-412	364	27	.	.	NOUN
ger-412	364	28	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	364	29	4	4	NUM
ger-412	364	30	is	be	AUX
ger-412	364	31	the	the	DET
ger-412	364	32	unconditional	unconditional	ADJ
ger-412	364	33	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	364	34	of	of	ADP
ger-412	364	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	364	36	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	364	37	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	364	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	364	39	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	364	40	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	364	41	5	5	NUM
ger-412	364	42	provides	provide	VERB
ger-412	364	43	the	the	DET
ger-412	364	44	multi	multi	ADJ
ger-412	364	45	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	364	46	level	level	ADJ
ger-412	364	47	models	model	NOUN
ger-412	364	48	of	of	ADP
ger-412	364	49	the	the	DET
ger-412	364	50	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	364	51	between	between	ADP
ger-412	364	52	the	the	DET
ger-412	364	53	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	364	54	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	364	55	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	364	56	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	364	57	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	364	58	within	within	ADP
ger-412	364	59	the	the	DET
ger-412	364	60	three	three	NUM
ger-412	364	61	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	364	62	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	364	63	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	365	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	365	2	tables	table	NOUN
ger-412	365	3	include	include	VERB
ger-412	365	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	365	5	values	value	NOUN
ger-412	365	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	365	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	365	8	beta	beta	ADJ
ger-412	365	9	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
ger-412	365	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	365	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	365	12	standard	standard	ADJ
ger-412	365	13	errors	error	NOUN
ger-412	365	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	365	15	parenthesis	parenthesis	NOUN
ger-412	365	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	366	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	366	2	intra	intra	ADJ
ger-412	366	3	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	366	4	class	class	ADJ
ger-412	366	5	correlations	correlation	NOUN
ger-412	366	6	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	366	7	icc	icc	PROPN
ger-412	366	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	366	9	is	be	AUX
ger-412	366	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	366	11	ratio	ratio	NOUN
ger-412	366	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	366	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	366	14	between	between	NOUN
ger-412	366	15	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	366	16	class	class	NOUN
ger-412	366	17	variation	variation	NOUN
ger-412	366	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	366	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	366	20	total	total	ADJ
ger-412	366	21	variance	variance	NOUN
ger-412	366	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	366	23	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	366	24	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	366	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	366	26	𝐼𝐶𝐶	𝐼𝐶𝐶	PROPN
ger-412	366	27	=	=	PUNCT
ger-412	366	28	𝜏00	𝜏00	NOUN
ger-412	366	29	/[𝜏00	/[𝜏00	PUNCT
ger-412	366	30	+	+	NUM
ger-412	366	31	𝜎2	𝜎2	PROPN
ger-412	366	32	]	]	PUNCT
ger-412	366	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	366	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	367	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	367	2	icc	icc	NOUN
ger-412	367	3	values	value	NOUN
ger-412	367	4	for	for	ADP
ger-412	367	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	367	6	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	367	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	367	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	367	9	three	three	NUM
ger-412	367	10	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	367	11	are	be	AUX
ger-412	367	12	above	above	ADP
ger-412	367	13	0.1(see	0.1(see	NUM
ger-412	367	14	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	367	15	4	4	NUM
ger-412	367	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	367	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	367	18	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-412	367	19	it	it	PRON
ger-412	367	20	is	be	AUX
ger-412	367	21	permissible	permissible	ADJ
ger-412	367	22	to	to	PART
ger-412	367	23	use	use	VERB
ger-412	367	24	a	a	DET
ger-412	367	25	multilevel	multilevel	ADJ
ger-412	367	26	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	367	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	367	28	raykov	raykov	PROPN
ger-412	367	29	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	367	30	marcoulides	marcoulide	NOUN
ger-412	367	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	367	32	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	367	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	367	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	368	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	368	2	icc	icc	PROPN
ger-412	368	3	values	value	NOUN
ger-412	368	4	provide	provide	VERB
ger-412	368	5	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	368	6	about	about	ADP
ger-412	368	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	368	8	variation	variation	NOUN
ger-412	368	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	368	10	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	368	11	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	368	12	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	368	13	between	between	ADP
ger-412	368	14	the	the	DET
ger-412	368	15	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	368	16	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	368	17	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	368	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	369	1	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	369	2	4	4	NUM
ger-412	369	3	unconditional	unconditional	ADJ
ger-412	369	4	models	model	NOUN
ger-412	369	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	369	6	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	369	7	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	369	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	369	9	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	369	10	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	369	11	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	369	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	369	13	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	369	14	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	369	15	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	369	16	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	369	17	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	369	18	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	369	19	intercept	intercept	VERB
ger-412	369	20	401.39	401.39	NUM
ger-412	369	21	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	22	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	23	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	25	3.12	3.12	NUM
ger-412	369	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	27	619.95	619.95	NUM
ger-412	369	28	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	29	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	30	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	31	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	32	4.43	4.43	NUM
ger-412	369	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	34	523.12	523.12	NUM
ger-412	369	35	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	36	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	37	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	38	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	39	3.35	3.35	NUM
ger-412	369	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	41	variance	variance	NOUN
ger-412	369	42	components	component	NOUN
ger-412	369	43	variance	variance	NOUN
ger-412	369	44	between	between	ADP
ger-412	369	45	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	369	46	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	369	47	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	369	48	1023.34	1023.34	NUM
ger-412	369	49	5899.96	5899.96	NUM
ger-412	369	50	3859.75	3859.75	NUM
ger-412	369	51	variance	variance	NOUN
ger-412	369	52	between	between	ADP
ger-412	369	53	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	369	54	5116.87	5116.87	NUM
ger-412	369	55	1948.86	1948.86	NUM
ger-412	369	56	3594.20	3594.20	NUM
ger-412	369	57	icc	icc	NOUN
ger-412	369	58	0.17	0.17	NUM
ger-412	369	59	0.75	0.75	NUM
ger-412	369	60	0.52	0.52	NUM
ger-412	369	61	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	62	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	63	*	*	NOUN
ger-412	369	64	p<.001	p<.001	NOUN
ger-412	369	65	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	369	66	to	to	PART
ger-412	369	67	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	369	68	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	369	69	45	45	NUM
ger-412	369	70	table	table	NOUN
ger-412	369	71	5	5	NUM
ger-412	369	72	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	369	73	between	between	ADP
ger-412	369	74	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	369	75	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	369	76	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	369	77	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	369	78	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	369	79	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	369	80	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	369	81	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	369	82	in	in	ADP
ger-412	369	83	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	369	84	in	in	ADP
ger-412	369	85	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	369	86	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	369	87	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	369	88	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	369	89	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	369	90	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	369	91	model	model	VERB
ger-412	369	92	1	1	NUM
ger-412	369	93	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	369	94	2	2	NUM
ger-412	369	95	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	369	96	1	1	NUM
ger-412	369	97	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	369	98	2	2	NUM
ger-412	369	99	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	369	100	1	1	NUM
ger-412	369	101	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	369	102	2	2	NUM
ger-412	369	103	intercept	intercept	NOUN
ger-412	369	104	399.38	399.38	NUM
ger-412	369	105	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	106	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	107	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	108	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	109	3.28	3.28	NUM
ger-412	369	110	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	111	399.60	399.60	NUM
ger-412	369	112	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	113	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	114	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	115	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	116	3.25	3.25	NUM
ger-412	369	117	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	118	619.31	619.31	NUM
ger-412	369	119	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	120	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	121	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	122	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	123	3.89	3.89	NUM
ger-412	369	124	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	125	619.62	619.62	NUM
ger-412	369	126	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	127	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	128	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	129	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	130	3.73	3.73	NUM
ger-412	369	131	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	132	524.92	524.92	NUM
ger-412	369	133	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	134	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	135	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	136	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	137	3.25	3.25	NUM
ger-412	369	138	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	139	524.38	524.38	NUM
ger-412	369	140	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	141	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	142	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	143	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	144	3.20	3.20	NUM
ger-412	369	145	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	146	female	female	NOUN
ger-412	369	147	23.08	23.08	NUM
ger-412	369	148	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	149	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	150	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	151	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	152	3.58	3.58	NUM
ger-412	369	153	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	154	23.08	23.08	NUM
ger-412	369	155	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	156	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	157	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	369	158	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	159	3.81	3.81	NUM
ger-412	369	160	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	161	-.53	-.53	PUNCT
ger-412	369	162	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	163	2.99	2.99	NUM
ger-412	369	164	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	369	165	-.53	-.53	PUNCT
ger-412	369	166	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	369	167	2.99	2.99	NUM
ger-412	369	168	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	370	1	3.79	3.79	NUM
ger-412	370	2	*	*	NOUN
ger-412	370	3	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	370	5	1.85	1.85	NUM
ger-412	370	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	370	7	3.79	3.79	NUM
ger-412	370	8	*	*	NOUN
ger-412	370	9	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	370	11	1.85	1.85	NUM
ger-412	370	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	370	13	number	number	NOUN
ger-412	370	14	of	of	ADP
ger-412	370	15	books	book	NOUN
ger-412	370	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	370	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	370	18	home	home	NOUN
ger-412	370	19	2.42	2.42	NUM
ger-412	370	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	370	21	2.07	2.07	NUM
ger-412	370	22	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	370	23	2.42	2.42	NUM
ger-412	370	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	370	25	2.07	2.07	NUM
ger-412	370	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	370	27	-.25	-.25	PUNCT
ger-412	370	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	370	29	1.23	1.23	NUM
ger-412	370	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	370	31	-.25	-.25	X
ger-412	370	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	370	33	1.22	1.22	NUM
ger-412	370	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	370	35	8.92	8.92	NUM
ger-412	370	36	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	37	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	38	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	39	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	370	40	.89	.89	NUM
ger-412	370	41	8.93	8.93	NUM
ger-412	370	42	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	43	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	44	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	45	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	370	46	.89	.89	NUM
ger-412	370	47	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	370	48	fathers	father	NOUN
ger-412	370	49	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	370	50	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	370	51	4.29	4.29	NUM
ger-412	370	52	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	53	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	54	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	370	55	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	370	56	.85	.85	NUM
ger-412	370	57	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	370	58	4.29	4.29	NUM
ger-412	371	1	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	371	2	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	371	3	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	371	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	5	.93	.93	NUM
ger-412	371	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	7	.51	.51	NUM
ger-412	371	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	9	.32	.32	NUM
ger-412	371	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	11	.51	.51	NUM
ger-412	371	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	13	.32	.32	NUM
ger-412	371	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	15	1.06	1.06	NUM
ger-412	371	16	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	17	0.78	0.78	NUM
ger-412	371	18	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	19	1.06	1.06	NUM
ger-412	371	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	21	.78	.78	NUM
ger-412	371	22	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	23	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	371	24	before	before	ADP
ger-412	371	25	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	371	26	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	371	27	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	371	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	371	29	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	371	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	371	31	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	371	32	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	371	33	11.80	11.80	NUM
ger-412	371	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	35	6.80	6.80	NUM
ger-412	371	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	37	1.38	1.38	NUM
ger-412	371	38	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	39	8.74	8.74	NUM
ger-412	371	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	41	-14.69	-14.69	PROPN
ger-412	371	42	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	43	8.31	8.31	NUM
ger-412	371	44	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	45	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	371	46	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	371	47	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	371	48	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	371	49	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	371	50	7.47	7.47	NUM
ger-412	371	51	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	52	7.03	7.03	NUM
ger-412	371	53	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	54	-7.67	-7.67	PUNCT
ger-412	371	55	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	56	8.92	8.92	NUM
ger-412	371	57	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	58	18.18	18.18	NUM
ger-412	371	59	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	371	60	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	371	61	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	62	8.38	8.38	NUM
ger-412	371	63	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	64	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	371	65	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	371	66	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	371	67	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	371	68	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	371	69	-4.30	-4.30	X
ger-412	371	70	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	371	71	11.40	11.40	NUM
ger-412	371	72	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	371	73	63.41	63.41	NUM
ger-412	371	74	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	1	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	2	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	3	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	4	9.84	9.84	NUM
ger-412	372	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	6	15.71	15.71	NUM
ger-412	372	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	8	10.02	10.02	NUM
ger-412	372	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	10	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	372	11	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	372	12	17.39	17.39	NUM
ger-412	372	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	14	16.33	16.33	NUM
ger-412	372	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	16	56.23	56.23	NUM
ger-412	372	17	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	18	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	20	17.96	17.96	NUM
ger-412	372	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	22	-5.92	-5.92	NUM
ger-412	372	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	24	18.52	18.52	NUM
ger-412	372	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	26	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	372	27	of	of	ADP
ger-412	372	28	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	372	29	-1.82	-1.82	X
ger-412	372	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	31	10.87	10.87	NUM
ger-412	372	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	33	22.24	22.24	NUM
ger-412	372	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	35	12.79	12.79	NUM
ger-412	372	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	37	-6.98	-6.98	NUM
ger-412	372	38	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	39	16.09	16.09	NUM
ger-412	372	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	41	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	372	42	of	of	ADP
ger-412	372	43	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	372	44	-10.88	-10.88	PUNCT
ger-412	372	45	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	46	13.41	13.41	NUM
ger-412	372	47	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	48	2.92	2.92	NUM
ger-412	372	49	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	50	12.68	12.68	NUM
ger-412	372	51	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	52	54.64	54.64	NUM
ger-412	372	53	*	*	SYM
ger-412	372	54	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	55	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	56	20.97	20.97	NUM
ger-412	372	57	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	58	46	46	NUM
ger-412	372	59	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	372	60	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	372	61	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	372	62	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	372	63	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	64	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	372	65	at	at	ADP
ger-412	372	66	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	372	67	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	372	68	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	372	69	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	372	70	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	372	71	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	372	72	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	372	73	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	372	74	-10.11	-10.11	PROPN
ger-412	372	75	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	76	6.54	6.54	NUM
ger-412	372	77	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	78	-3.07	-3.07	NOUN
ger-412	372	79	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	80	8.78	8.78	NUM
ger-412	372	81	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	82	15.81	15.81	NUM
ger-412	372	83	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	84	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	85	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	86	6.97	6.97	NUM
ger-412	372	87	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	88	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	372	89	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	372	90	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	372	91	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	372	92	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	372	93	8.01	8.01	NUM
ger-412	372	94	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	95	5.61	5.61	NUM
ger-412	372	96	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	97	-1.32	-1.32	NUM
ger-412	372	98	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	99	8.33	8.33	NUM
ger-412	372	100	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	101	23.86	23.86	NUM
ger-412	372	102	*	*	NOUN
ger-412	372	103	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	104	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	105	7.50	7.50	NUM
ger-412	372	106	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	107	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	372	108	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	372	109	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	372	110	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	372	111	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	372	112	-5.95	-5.95	X
ger-412	372	113	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	114	5.55	5.55	NUM
ger-412	372	115	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	116	-50.32	-50.32	PROPN
ger-412	372	117	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	118	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	119	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	120	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	121	9.10	9.10	NUM
ger-412	372	122	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	123	-13.47	-13.47	PROPN
ger-412	372	124	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	125	8.74	8.74	NUM
ger-412	372	126	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	127	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	372	128	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	372	129	16.60	16.60	NUM
ger-412	372	130	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	131	8.86	8.86	NUM
ger-412	372	132	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	133	74.45	74.45	NUM
ger-412	372	134	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	135	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	136	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	137	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	138	10.14	10.14	NUM
ger-412	372	139	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	140	27.67	27.67	NUM
ger-412	372	141	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	142	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	372	143	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	144	9.96	9.96	NUM
ger-412	372	145	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	146	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	372	147	of	of	ADP
ger-412	372	148	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	372	149	8.39	8.39	NUM
ger-412	372	150	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	151	5.97	5.97	NUM
ger-412	372	152	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	153	-17.24	-17.24	PROPN
ger-412	372	154	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	155	9.94	9.94	NUM
ger-412	372	156	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	157	-.05	-.05	NOUN
ger-412	372	158	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	159	12.19	12.19	NUM
ger-412	372	160	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	161	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	372	162	of	of	ADP
ger-412	372	163	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	372	164	6.77	6.77	NUM
ger-412	372	165	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	166	7.27	7.27	NUM
ger-412	372	167	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	168	-13.08	-13.08	PROPN
ger-412	372	169	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	170	9.63	9.63	NUM
ger-412	372	171	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	172	-22.13	-22.13	PROPN
ger-412	372	173	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	372	174	14.23	14.23	NUM
ger-412	372	175	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	372	176	variance	variance	NOUN
ger-412	372	177	components	component	NOUN
ger-412	372	178	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	372	179	fit	fit	ADJ
ger-412	372	180	index	index	NOUN
ger-412	372	181	𝓧𝟐	𝓧𝟐	VERB
ger-412	373	1	909.89	909.89	NUM
ger-412	373	2	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	3	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	4	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	5	876.48	876.48	NUM
ger-412	373	6	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	7	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	8	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	9	14046.0	14046.0	NUM
ger-412	373	10	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	11	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	12	*	*	NOUN
ger-412	373	13	12.702.99	12.702.99	NOUN
ger-412	373	14	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	15	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	16	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	17	7561.04	7561.04	NUM
ger-412	373	18	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	19	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	20	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	21	7534.21	7534.21	NUM
ger-412	373	22	*	*	NOUN
ger-412	373	23	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	24	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	25	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	26	p<.05	p<.05	NOUN
ger-412	373	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	373	28	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	29	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	30	p<.01	p<.01	ADJ
ger-412	373	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	373	32	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	33	*	*	PUNCT
ger-412	373	34	*	*	VERB
ger-412	373	35	p<.001	p<.001	X
ger-412	373	36	the	the	DET
ger-412	373	37	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	373	38	from	from	ADP
ger-412	373	39	the	the	DET
ger-412	373	40	multi	multi	ADJ
ger-412	373	41	-	-	NOUN
ger-412	373	42	level	level	ADJ
ger-412	373	43	modeling	modeling	NOUN
ger-412	373	44	of	of	ADP
ger-412	373	45	the	the	DET
ger-412	373	46	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	373	47	between	between	ADP
ger-412	373	48	the	the	DET
ger-412	373	49	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	373	50	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	373	51	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	373	52	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	373	53	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	373	54	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	373	55	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	373	56	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	373	57	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	373	58	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	373	59	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	373	60	were	be	AUX
ger-412	373	61	context	context	NOUN
ger-412	373	62	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	373	63	specific	specific	ADJ
ger-412	373	64	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	373	65	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	373	66	the	the	DET
ger-412	373	67	relational	relational	ADJ
ger-412	373	68	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	373	69	differed	differ	VERB
ger-412	373	70	across	across	ADP
ger-412	373	71	the	the	DET
ger-412	373	72	three	three	NUM
ger-412	373	73	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	373	74	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	374	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	374	2	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
ger-412	374	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	374	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	374	5	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	374	6	is	be	AUX
ger-412	374	7	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	374	8	by	by	ADP
ger-412	374	9	first	first	ADV
ger-412	374	10	considering	consider	VERB
ger-412	374	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	374	12	associations	association	NOUN
ger-412	374	13	between	between	ADP
ger-412	374	14	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	374	15	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	374	16	before	before	ADP
ger-412	374	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	374	18	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	374	19	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	374	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	374	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	374	22	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	374	23	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	374	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	374	25	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	374	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	375	1	next	next	ADV
ger-412	375	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	375	3	is	be	AUX
ger-412	375	4	a	a	DET
ger-412	375	5	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ger-412	375	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	375	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	375	8	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	375	9	between	between	ADP
ger-412	375	10	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	375	11	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	375	12	at	at	ADP
ger-412	375	13	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	375	14	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	375	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	375	16	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	375	17	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	375	18	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	375	19	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	375	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	376	1	all	all	DET
ger-412	376	2	these	these	DET
ger-412	376	3	relational	relational	ADJ
ger-412	376	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	376	5	are	be	AUX
ger-412	376	6	controlled	control	VERB
ger-412	376	7	for	for	ADP
ger-412	376	8	gender	gender	NOUN
ger-412	376	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	376	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	376	11	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	376	12	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	376	13	academic	academic	ADJ
ger-412	376	14	resources(background	resources(background	PROPN
ger-412	376	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	376	16	at	at	ADP
ger-412	376	17	home	home	NOUN
ger-412	376	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	377	1	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	377	2	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	377	3	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	377	4	before	before	ADP
ger-412	377	5	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	377	6	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	377	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	377	8	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	377	9	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	377	10	there	there	PRON
ger-412	377	11	were	be	VERB
ger-412	377	12	differing	differ	VERB
ger-412	377	13	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	377	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	377	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	377	16	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	377	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	377	18	all	all	DET
ger-412	377	19	three	three	NUM
ger-412	377	20	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	377	21	between	between	ADP
ger-412	377	22	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	377	23	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	377	24	before	before	ADP
ger-412	377	25	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	377	26	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	377	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	377	28	the	the	DET
ger-412	377	29	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	377	30	’	’	PART
ger-412	377	31	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	377	32	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	377	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	378	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-412	378	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	378	3	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	378	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	378	5	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	378	6	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	378	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	378	8	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	378	9	they	they	PRON
ger-412	378	10	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	378	11	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	378	12	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	378	13	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	378	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	378	15	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	378	16	before	before	SCONJ
ger-412	378	17	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	378	18	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	378	19	had	have	VERB
ger-412	378	20	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	378	21	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	378	22	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	378	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	378	24	β=63.4	β=63.4	NOUN
ger-412	378	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	378	26	p	p	X
ger-412	378	27	<	<	X
ger-412	378	28	.	.	NOUN
ger-412	378	29	001	001	NUM
ger-412	378	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	378	31	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	378	32	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	378	33	to	to	ADP
ger-412	378	34	those	those	PRON
ger-412	378	35	who	who	PRON
ger-412	378	36	did	do	AUX
ger-412	378	37	not	not	PART
ger-412	378	38	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	378	39	this	this	DET
ger-412	378	40	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	378	41	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	378	42	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	378	43	were	be	AUX
ger-412	378	44	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	378	45	the	the	DET
ger-412	378	46	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	378	47	at	at	ADP
ger-412	378	48	the	the	DET
ger-412	378	49	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	378	50	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	378	51	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	378	52	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	378	53	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	379	1	further	far	ADV
ger-412	379	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	379	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	379	4	singaporean	singaporean	ADJ
ger-412	379	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	379	6	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	379	7	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	379	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	379	9	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	379	10	they	they	PRON
ger-412	379	11	were	be	AUX
ger-412	379	12	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	379	13	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	379	14	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	379	15	before	before	SCONJ
ger-412	379	16	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	379	17	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	379	18	had	have	VERB
ger-412	379	19	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	379	20	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	379	21	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	379	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	379	23	β=56.23	β=56.23	X
ger-412	379	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	379	25	p	p	X
ger-412	379	26	<	<	X
ger-412	379	27	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	379	28	05	05	NUM
ger-412	379	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	379	30	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	379	31	to	to	PART
ger-412	379	32	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	379	33	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	379	34	47	47	NUM
ger-412	379	35	than	than	ADP
ger-412	379	36	those	those	PRON
ger-412	379	37	who	who	PRON
ger-412	379	38	had	have	AUX
ger-412	379	39	not	not	PART
ger-412	379	40	been	be	AUX
ger-412	379	41	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	379	42	the	the	DET
ger-412	379	43	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	379	44	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	379	45	had	have	VERB
ger-412	379	46	this	this	DET
ger-412	379	47	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	379	48	the	the	DET
ger-412	379	49	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	379	50	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	379	51	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	379	52	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	379	53	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	380	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	380	2	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	380	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	380	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	380	5	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	380	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	380	7	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	380	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	380	9	they	they	PRON
ger-412	380	10	had	have	AUX
ger-412	380	11	been	be	AUX
ger-412	380	12	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	380	13	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	380	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	380	15	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	380	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	380	17	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	380	18	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	380	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	380	20	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	380	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	380	22	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	380	23	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	380	24	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	380	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	380	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	380	27	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	380	28	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	380	29	had	have	VERB
ger-412	380	30	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	380	31	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	380	32	than	than	ADP
ger-412	380	33	those	those	PRON
ger-412	380	34	who	who	PRON
ger-412	380	35	had	have	AUX
ger-412	380	36	not	not	PART
ger-412	380	37	been	be	AUX
ger-412	380	38	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	380	39	the	the	DET
ger-412	380	40	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	380	41	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	380	42	were	be	AUX
ger-412	380	43	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	380	44	in	in	ADP
ger-412	380	45	the	the	DET
ger-412	380	46	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	380	47	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	380	48	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	381	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	381	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ger-412	381	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	381	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	381	5	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	381	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	381	7	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	381	8	they	they	PRON
ger-412	381	9	had	have	AUX
ger-412	381	10	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	381	11	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	381	12	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	381	13	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	381	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	381	15	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	381	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	381	17	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	381	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	381	19	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	381	20	had	have	VERB
ger-412	381	21	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	381	22	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	381	23	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	381	24	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	381	25	to	to	ADP
ger-412	381	26	those	those	PRON
ger-412	381	27	who	who	PRON
ger-412	381	28	had	have	AUX
ger-412	381	29	not	not	PART
ger-412	381	30	been	be	AUX
ger-412	381	31	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	381	32	the	the	DET
ger-412	381	33	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	381	34	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	381	35	had	have	AUX
ger-412	381	36	been	be	AUX
ger-412	381	37	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	381	38	at	at	ADP
ger-412	381	39	the	the	DET
ger-412	381	40	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	381	41	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	381	42	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	381	43	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	381	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	382	1	notably	notably	ADV
ger-412	382	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	382	3	all	all	DET
ger-412	382	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	382	5	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	382	6	between	between	ADP
ger-412	382	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	382	8	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	382	9	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	382	10	before	before	ADP
ger-412	382	11	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	382	12	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	382	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	382	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	382	15	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	382	16	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	382	17	achievements	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	382	18	were	be	AUX
ger-412	382	19	not	not	PART
ger-412	382	20	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	382	21	in	in	ADP
ger-412	382	22	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	382	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	383	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	383	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	383	3	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	383	4	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	383	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	383	6	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	383	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	383	8	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	383	9	having	having	AUX
ger-412	383	10	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	383	11	some	some	DET
ger-412	383	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	383	13	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	383	14	before	before	ADP
ger-412	383	15	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	383	16	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	383	17	had	have	VERB
ger-412	383	18	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	383	19	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	383	20	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	383	21	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	383	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	384	1	mainly	mainly	ADV
ger-412	384	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	384	3	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	384	4	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	384	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	384	6	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	384	7	having	having	AUX
ger-412	384	8	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	384	9	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	384	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	384	11	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	384	12	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	384	13	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	384	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	384	15	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	384	16	of	of	ADP
ger-412	384	17	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	384	18	at	at	ADP
ger-412	384	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	384	20	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	384	21	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	384	22	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	384	23	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	384	24	had	have	VERB
ger-412	384	25	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	384	26	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	384	27	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	384	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	384	29	β=18.18	β=18.18	X
ger-412	384	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	384	31	p	p	X
ger-412	384	32	<	<	X
ger-412	384	33	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	384	34	05	05	NUM
ger-412	385	1	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	385	2	β=54.64	β=54.64	PROPN
ger-412	385	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	385	4	p	p	X
ger-412	385	5	<	<	X
ger-412	385	6	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	385	7	05	05	NUM
ger-412	385	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	385	9	respectively	respectively	ADV
ger-412	385	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	385	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	386	1	these	these	DET
ger-412	386	2	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	386	3	were	be	AUX
ger-412	386	4	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	386	5	to	to	ADP
ger-412	386	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	386	7	who	who	PRON
ger-412	386	8	had	have	AUX
ger-412	386	9	either	either	CCONJ
ger-412	386	10	not	not	PART
ger-412	386	11	been	be	AUX
ger-412	386	12	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	386	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	386	14	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	386	15	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	386	16	who	who	PRON
ger-412	386	17	experienced	experience	VERB
ger-412	386	18	this	this	DET
ger-412	386	19	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	386	20	at	at	ADP
ger-412	386	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	386	22	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	386	23	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	386	24	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	386	25	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	386	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	387	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	387	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	387	3	those	those	DET
ger-412	387	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	387	5	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	387	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	387	7	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	387	8	they	they	PRON
ger-412	387	9	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	387	10	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	387	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	387	12	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	387	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	387	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	387	15	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	387	16	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	387	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	387	18	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	387	19	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	387	20	before	before	SCONJ
ger-412	387	21	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	387	22	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	387	23	had	have	VERB
ger-412	387	24	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	387	25	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	387	26	in	in	ADP
ger-412	387	27	the	the	DET
ger-412	387	28	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	387	29	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	387	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	388	1	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	388	2	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	388	3	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	388	4	at	at	ADP
ger-412	388	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	388	6	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	388	7	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	388	8	across	across	ADP
ger-412	388	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	388	10	three	three	NUM
ger-412	388	11	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	388	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	388	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	388	14	pattern	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	388	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	388	16	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	388	17	between	between	ADP
ger-412	388	18	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	388	19	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	388	20	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	388	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	388	22	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	388	23	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	388	24	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	388	25	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	388	26	differed	differ	VERB
ger-412	388	27	but	but	CCONJ
ger-412	388	28	were	be	AUX
ger-412	388	29	similar	similar	ADJ
ger-412	388	30	for	for	ADP
ger-412	388	31	two	two	NUM
ger-412	388	32	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	388	33	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	388	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	389	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	389	2	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	389	3	between	between	ADP
ger-412	389	4	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	389	5	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	389	6	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	389	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	389	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	389	9	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	389	10	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	389	11	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	389	12	were	be	AUX
ger-412	389	13	positive	positive	ADJ
ger-412	389	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	389	15	all	all	DET
ger-412	389	16	three	three	NUM
ger-412	389	17	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	389	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	389	19	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	389	20	in	in	ADP
ger-412	389	21	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	389	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	389	23	β	β	X
ger-412	389	24	=	=	NOUN
ger-412	389	25	74.45	74.45	NUM
ger-412	389	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	389	27	p	p	X
ger-412	389	28	<	<	X
ger-412	389	29	.	.	NOUN
ger-412	389	30	001	001	NUM
ger-412	389	31	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	389	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	389	33	the	the	DET
ger-412	389	34	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	389	35	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	389	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	389	37	β	β	X
ger-412	389	38	=	=	SYM
ger-412	389	39	27.67	27.67	NUM
ger-412	389	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	389	41	p	p	X
ger-412	389	42	<	<	X
ger-412	389	43	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	389	44	05	05	NUM
ger-412	389	45	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	389	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	390	1	that	that	PRON
ger-412	390	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	390	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	390	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	390	5	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	390	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	390	7	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	390	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	390	9	they	they	PRON
ger-412	390	10	had	have	AUX
ger-412	390	11	been	be	AUX
ger-412	390	12	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	390	13	these	these	DET
ger-412	390	14	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	390	15	at	at	ADP
ger-412	390	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	390	17	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	390	18	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	390	19	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	390	20	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	390	21	had	have	VERB
ger-412	390	22	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	390	23	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	390	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	390	25	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	390	26	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	390	27	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	390	28	to	to	ADP
ger-412	390	29	those	those	PRON
ger-412	390	30	who	who	PRON
ger-412	390	31	had	have	AUX
ger-412	390	32	not	not	PART
ger-412	390	33	been	be	AUX
ger-412	390	34	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	390	35	these	these	DET
ger-412	390	36	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	390	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	391	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	391	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ger-412	391	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	391	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	391	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	391	6	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	391	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	391	8	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	391	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	391	10	they	they	PRON
ger-412	391	11	had	have	AUX
ger-412	391	12	been	be	AUX
ger-412	391	13	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	391	14	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	391	15	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	391	16	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	391	17	at	at	ADP
ger-412	391	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	391	19	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	391	20	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	391	21	had	have	VERB
ger-412	391	22	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	391	23	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	391	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	391	25	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	391	26	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	391	27	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	391	28	to	to	ADP
ger-412	391	29	those	those	PRON
ger-412	391	30	who	who	PRON
ger-412	391	31	had	have	AUX
ger-412	391	32	not	not	PART
ger-412	391	33	been	be	AUX
ger-412	391	34	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	391	35	this	this	DET
ger-412	391	36	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	391	37	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	391	38	had	have	AUX
ger-412	391	39	been	be	AUX
ger-412	391	40	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	391	41	it	it	PRON
ger-412	391	42	at	at	ADP
ger-412	391	43	an	an	DET
ger-412	391	44	earlier	early	ADJ
ger-412	391	45	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	391	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	391	47	for	for	ADP
ger-412	391	48	the	the	DET
ger-412	391	49	singaporean	singaporean	ADJ
ger-412	391	50	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	391	51	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	391	52	β=-50.32	β=-50.32	PROPN
ger-412	391	53	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	391	54	p	p	X
ger-412	391	55	<	<	X
ger-412	391	56	.001	.001	NUM
ger-412	391	57	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	391	58	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	392	1	notably	notably	ADV
ger-412	392	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	392	3	there	there	PRON
ger-412	392	4	was	be	VERB
ger-412	392	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	392	6	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	392	7	positive	positive	ADJ
ger-412	392	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	392	9	between	between	ADP
ger-412	392	10	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	392	11	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	392	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	392	13	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	392	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	392	15	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	392	16	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	392	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	392	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	392	19	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	392	20	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	392	21	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	392	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	392	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	392	24	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	392	25	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	392	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	392	27	β=15.81	β=15.81	PROPN
ger-412	392	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	392	29	p	p	X
ger-412	392	30	<	<	X
ger-412	392	31	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	392	32	05	05	NUM
ger-412	392	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	392	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	392	35	but	but	CCONJ
ger-412	392	36	that	that	DET
ger-412	392	37	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	392	38	was	be	AUX
ger-412	392	39	negative	negative	ADJ
ger-412	392	40	in	in	ADP
ger-412	392	41	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	392	42	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	392	43	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	392	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	393	1	finally	finally	ADV
ger-412	393	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	393	3	there	there	PRON
ger-412	393	4	was	be	VERB
ger-412	393	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	393	6	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	393	7	positive	positive	ADJ
ger-412	393	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	393	9	between	between	ADP
ger-412	393	10	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	393	11	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	393	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	393	13	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	393	14	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	393	15	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	393	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	393	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	393	18	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	393	19	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	393	20	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	393	21	in	in	ADP
ger-412	393	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	393	23	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	393	24	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	393	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	393	26	β=23.86	β=23.86	PROPN
ger-412	393	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	393	28	p	p	X
ger-412	393	29	<	<	X
ger-412	393	30	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	393	31	05	05	NUM
ger-412	393	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	393	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	394	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	394	2	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	394	3	words	word	NOUN
ger-412	394	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	394	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	394	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	394	7	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	394	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	394	9	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	394	10	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	394	11	they	they	PRON
ger-412	394	12	had	have	AUX
ger-412	394	13	been	be	AUX
ger-412	394	14	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	394	15	about	about	ADP
ger-412	394	16	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	394	17	at	at	ADP
ger-412	394	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	394	19	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	394	20	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	394	21	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	394	22	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	394	23	in	in	ADP
ger-412	394	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	394	25	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	394	26	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	394	27	had	have	VERB
ger-412	394	28	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	394	29	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	394	30	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	394	31	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	394	32	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	394	33	compared	compare	VERB
ger-412	394	34	to	to	ADP
ger-412	394	35	those	those	PRON
ger-412	394	36	who	who	PRON
ger-412	394	37	had	have	AUX
ger-412	394	38	not	not	PART
ger-412	394	39	been	be	AUX
ger-412	394	40	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	394	41	the	the	DET
ger-412	394	42	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	394	43	at	at	ADP
ger-412	394	44	the	the	DET
ger-412	394	45	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	394	46	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	394	47	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	394	48	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ger-412	394	49	in	in	ADP
ger-412	394	50	the	the	DET
ger-412	394	51	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	394	52	two	two	NUM
ger-412	394	53	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	394	54	the	the	DET
ger-412	394	55	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	394	56	had	have	VERB
ger-412	394	57	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	394	58	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	394	59	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	394	60	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	394	61	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	395	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	395	2	other	other	ADJ
ger-412	395	3	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	395	4	between	between	ADP
ger-412	395	5	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	395	6	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-412	395	7	of	of	ADP
ger-412	395	8	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	395	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	395	10	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	395	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	395	12	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	395	13	had	have	VERB
ger-412	395	14	differing	differ	VERB
ger-412	395	15	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	395	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	395	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	395	18	three	three	NUM
ger-412	395	19	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	395	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	395	21	were	be	AUX
ger-412	395	22	not	not	PART
ger-412	395	23	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	395	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	396	1	48	48	NUM
ger-412	396	2	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	396	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	396	4	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	396	5	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	396	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	396	7	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ger-412	396	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	396	9	purpose	purpose	NOUN
ger-412	396	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	396	11	this	this	DET
ger-412	396	12	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	396	13	was	be	AUX
ger-412	396	14	to	to	PART
ger-412	396	15	investigate	investigate	VERB
ger-412	396	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	396	17	changes	change	NOUN
ger-412	396	18	in	in	ADP
ger-412	396	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	396	20	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	396	21	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	396	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	396	23	three	three	NUM
ger-412	396	24	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	396	25	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	396	26	in	in	ADP
ger-412	396	27	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	396	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	396	29	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	396	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	397	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
ger-412	397	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	397	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	397	4	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	397	5	also	also	ADV
ger-412	397	6	focused	focus	VERB
ger-412	397	7	on	on	ADP
ger-412	397	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	397	9	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	397	10	between	between	ADP
ger-412	397	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	397	12	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	397	13	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	397	14	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	397	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	397	16	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	397	17	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	397	18	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	397	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	397	20	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	397	21	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	397	22	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	397	23	in	in	ADP
ger-412	397	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	397	25	most	most	ADV
ger-412	397	26	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-412	397	27	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	397	28	cycle	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	397	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	397	30	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	397	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	398	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	398	2	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ger-412	398	3	were	be	AUX
ger-412	398	4	done	do	VERB
ger-412	398	5	using	use	VERB
ger-412	398	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	398	7	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	398	8	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	398	9	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	398	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	398	11	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	398	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	398	13	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	398	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	399	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	399	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	399	3	from	from	ADP
ger-412	399	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	399	5	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	399	6	suggest	suggest	VERB
ger-412	399	7	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	399	8	over	over	ADP
ger-412	399	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	399	10	two	two	NUM
ger-412	399	11	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	399	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	399	13	there	there	PRON
ger-412	399	14	was	be	VERB
ger-412	399	15	an	an	DET
ger-412	399	16	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-412	399	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	399	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	399	19	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	399	20	of	of	ADP
ger-412	399	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	399	22	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	399	23	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	399	24	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	399	25	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	399	26	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	399	27	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	399	28	who	who	PRON
ger-412	399	29	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	399	30	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	399	31	they	they	PRON
ger-412	399	32	had	have	AUX
ger-412	399	33	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	399	34	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	399	35	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	399	36	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	399	37	before	before	ADP
ger-412	399	38	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	399	39	in	in	ADP
ger-412	399	40	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	399	41	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	399	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	400	1	further	far	ADV
ger-412	400	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	400	3	across	across	ADP
ger-412	400	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	400	5	three	three	NUM
ger-412	400	6	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	400	7	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	400	8	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	400	9	between	between	ADP
ger-412	400	10	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	400	11	various	various	ADJ
ger-412	400	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	400	13	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	400	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	400	15	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	400	16	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	400	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	400	18	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	400	19	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	400	20	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	400	21	had	have	VERB
ger-412	400	22	differing	differ	VERB
ger-412	400	23	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	400	24	within	within	ADP
ger-412	400	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	400	26	selected	select	VERB
ger-412	400	27	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	400	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	401	1	following	follow	VERB
ger-412	401	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	401	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	401	4	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ger-412	401	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	401	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	401	7	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	401	8	considering	consider	VERB
ger-412	401	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	401	10	country	country	NOUN
ger-412	401	11	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-412	401	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	401	13	earlier	early	ADJ
ger-412	401	14	studies	study	NOUN
ger-412	401	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	402	1	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	402	2	to	to	PART
ger-412	402	3	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	402	4	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	402	5	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	402	6	there	there	PRON
ger-412	402	7	was	be	VERB
ger-412	402	8	a	a	DET
ger-412	402	9	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	402	10	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-412	402	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	402	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	402	13	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	402	14	of	of	ADP
ger-412	402	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	402	16	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	402	17	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	402	18	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	402	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	402	20	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	402	21	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	402	22	who	who	PRON
ger-412	402	23	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	402	24	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	402	25	they	they	PRON
ger-412	402	26	had	have	AUX
ger-412	402	27	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	402	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	402	29	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	402	30	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	402	31	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	402	32	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	402	33	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	402	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	402	35	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	402	36	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	402	37	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	402	38	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	402	39	before	before	ADP
ger-412	402	40	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	402	41	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	402	42	in	in	ADP
ger-412	402	43	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	402	44	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	402	45	in	in	ADP
ger-412	402	46	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	402	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	403	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	403	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	403	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	403	4	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ger-412	403	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	403	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	403	7	who	who	PRON
ger-412	403	8	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	403	9	they	they	PRON
ger-412	403	10	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	403	11	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	403	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	403	13	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	403	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	403	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	403	16	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	403	17	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	403	18	before	before	ADP
ger-412	403	19	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	403	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	403	21	was	be	AUX
ger-412	403	22	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	403	23	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	403	24	in	in	ADP
ger-412	403	25	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	403	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	404	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	404	2	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	404	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	404	4	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	404	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	404	6	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	404	7	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	404	8	indicated	indicate	VERB
ger-412	404	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	404	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	404	11	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	404	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	404	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	404	14	who	who	PRON
ger-412	404	15	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	404	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	404	17	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	404	18	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	404	19	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	404	20	at	at	ADP
ger-412	404	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	404	22	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	404	23	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	404	24	dropped	drop	VERB
ger-412	404	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	405	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	405	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	405	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	405	4	there	there	PRON
ger-412	405	5	was	be	VERB
ger-412	405	6	a	a	DET
ger-412	405	7	6	6	NUM
ger-412	405	8	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	405	9	drop	drop	NOUN
ger-412	405	10	in	in	ADP
ger-412	405	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	405	12	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	405	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	405	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	405	15	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	405	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	405	17	who	who	PRON
ger-412	405	18	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	405	19	they	they	PRON
ger-412	405	20	had	have	AUX
ger-412	405	21	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	405	22	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	405	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	405	24	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	405	25	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	405	26	at	at	ADP
ger-412	405	27	the	the	DET
ger-412	405	28	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	405	29	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	405	30	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	405	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	405	32	a	a	DET
ger-412	405	33	15.08	15.08	NUM
ger-412	405	34	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	405	35	drop	drop	NOUN
ger-412	405	36	who	who	PRON
ger-412	405	37	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	405	38	they	they	PRON
ger-412	405	39	had	have	AUX
ger-412	405	40	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	405	41	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	405	42	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	405	43	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	405	44	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	405	45	a	a	DET
ger-412	405	46	11	11	NUM
ger-412	405	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	405	48	86	86	NUM
ger-412	405	49	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	405	50	drop	drop	NOUN
ger-412	405	51	for	for	ADP
ger-412	405	52	those	those	PRON
ger-412	405	53	who	who	PRON
ger-412	405	54	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	405	55	they	they	PRON
ger-412	405	56	had	have	AUX
ger-412	405	57	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	405	58	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	405	59	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	405	60	on	on	ADP
ger-412	405	61	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	405	62	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	405	63	a	a	DET
ger-412	405	64	16.18	16.18	NUM
ger-412	405	65	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	405	66	drop	drop	NOUN
ger-412	405	67	in	in	ADP
ger-412	405	68	those	those	PRON
ger-412	405	69	who	who	PRON
ger-412	405	70	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	405	71	they	they	PRON
ger-412	405	72	had	have	AUX
ger-412	405	73	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	405	74	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	405	75	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	405	76	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	405	77	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	405	78	4.63	4.63	NUM
ger-412	405	79	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	405	80	drop	drop	NOUN
ger-412	405	81	for	for	ADP
ger-412	405	82	those	those	PRON
ger-412	405	83	who	who	PRON
ger-412	405	84	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	405	85	they	they	PRON
ger-412	405	86	had	have	AUX
ger-412	405	87	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	405	88	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-412	405	89	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	405	90	at	at	ADP
ger-412	405	91	the	the	DET
ger-412	405	92	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	405	93	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	405	94	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	405	95	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	405	96	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	406	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	406	2	reduced	reduced	ADJ
ger-412	406	3	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	406	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	406	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	406	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	406	7	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	406	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	406	9	who	who	PRON
ger-412	406	10	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	406	11	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	406	12	these	these	DET
ger-412	406	13	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	406	14	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	406	15	at	at	ADP
ger-412	406	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	406	17	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	406	18	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	406	19	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	406	20	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	406	21	suggests	suggest	VERB
ger-412	406	22	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	406	23	some	some	DET
ger-412	406	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	406	25	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	406	26	may	may	AUX
ger-412	406	27	have	have	AUX
ger-412	406	28	been	be	AUX
ger-412	406	29	introduced	introduce	VERB
ger-412	406	30	at	at	ADP
ger-412	406	31	earlier	early	ADJ
ger-412	406	32	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	406	33	in	in	ADP
ger-412	406	34	the	the	DET
ger-412	406	35	later	later	ADJ
ger-412	406	36	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	406	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	407	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	407	2	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ger-412	407	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	407	4	education	education	PROPN
ger-412	407	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	407	6	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	407	7	requires	require	VERB
ger-412	407	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	407	9	to	to	PART
ger-412	407	10	introduce	introduce	VERB
ger-412	407	11	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	407	12	to	to	ADP
ger-412	407	13	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	407	14	through	through	ADP
ger-412	407	15	a	a	DET
ger-412	407	16	gradual	gradual	ADJ
ger-412	407	17	shift	shift	NOUN
ger-412	407	18	from	from	ADP
ger-412	407	19	using	use	VERB
ger-412	407	20	numbers	number	NOUN
ger-412	407	21	to	to	ADP
ger-412	407	22	using	use	VERB
ger-412	407	23	letters	letter	NOUN
ger-412	407	24	between	between	ADP
ger-412	407	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	407	26	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ger-412	407	27	to	to	ADP
ger-412	407	28	seventh	seventh	ADJ
ger-412	407	29	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	407	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	408	1	also	also	ADV
ger-412	408	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	408	3	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	408	4	are	be	AUX
ger-412	408	5	expected	expect	VERB
ger-412	408	6	to	to	PART
ger-412	408	7	be	be	AUX
ger-412	408	8	able	able	ADJ
ger-412	408	9	to	to	PART
ger-412	408	10	simplify	simplify	VERB
ger-412	408	11	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	408	12	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	408	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	408	14	solve	solve	VERB
ger-412	408	15	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	408	16	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	408	17	using	use	VERB
ger-412	408	18	trial	trial	NOUN
ger-412	408	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	408	20	error	error	NOUN
ger-412	408	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	408	22	substitution	substitution	NOUN
ger-412	408	23	methods	method	NOUN
ger-412	408	24	at	at	ADP
ger-412	408	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	408	26	seventh	seventh	ADJ
ger-412	408	27	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	408	28	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	408	29	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	408	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	408	31	kesamang	kesamang	PROPN
ger-412	408	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	408	33	mudongo	mudongo	PROPN
ger-412	408	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	408	35	keatimilwe	keatimilwe	PROPN
ger-412	408	36	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	408	37	botaane	botaane	PROPN
ger-412	408	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	408	39	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	408	40	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	408	41	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	409	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	409	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	409	3	from	from	ADP
ger-412	409	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	409	5	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	409	6	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	409	7	reports	report	NOUN
ger-412	409	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	409	9	there	there	PRON
ger-412	409	10	is	be	VERB
ger-412	409	11	still	still	ADV
ger-412	409	12	a	a	DET
ger-412	409	13	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	409	14	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ger-412	409	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	409	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	409	17	who	who	PRON
ger-412	409	18	had	have	AUX
ger-412	409	19	not	not	PART
ger-412	409	20	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	409	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	409	22	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	409	23	before	before	ADP
ger-412	409	24	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	409	25	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	409	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	410	1	after	after	ADP
ger-412	410	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	410	3	seventh	seventh	ADJ
ger-412	410	4	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	410	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	410	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	410	7	take	take	VERB
ger-412	410	8	a	a	DET
ger-412	410	9	three	three	NUM
ger-412	410	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	410	11	year	year	NOUN
ger-412	410	12	junior	junior	ADJ
ger-412	410	13	certificate	certificate	NOUN
ger-412	410	14	course	course	NOUN
ger-412	410	15	during	during	ADP
ger-412	410	16	which	which	PRON
ger-412	410	17	it	it	PRON
ger-412	410	18	is	be	AUX
ger-412	410	19	expected	expect	VERB
ger-412	410	20	they	they	PRON
ger-412	410	21	expand	expand	VERB
ger-412	410	22	their	their	PRON
ger-412	410	23	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	410	24	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-412	410	25	to	to	PART
ger-412	410	26	include	include	VERB
ger-412	410	27	gaussian	gaussian	ADJ
ger-412	410	28	elimination	elimination	NOUN
ger-412	410	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	410	30	substitution	substitution	NOUN
ger-412	410	31	to	to	PART
ger-412	410	32	solve	solve	VERB
ger-412	410	33	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	410	34	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	410	35	with	with	ADP
ger-412	410	36	two	two	NUM
ger-412	410	37	unknowns	unknown	NOUN
ger-412	410	38	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	410	39	kesamang	kesamang	PROPN
ger-412	410	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	410	41	mudongo	mudongo	PROPN
ger-412	410	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	410	43	keatimilwe	keatimilwe	PROPN
ger-412	410	44	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	410	45	botaane	botaane	PROPN
ger-412	410	46	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	410	47	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	410	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	410	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	411	1	at	at	ADP
ger-412	411	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	411	3	end	end	NOUN
ger-412	411	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	411	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	411	6	three	three	NUM
ger-412	411	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	411	8	year	year	NOUN
ger-412	411	9	period	period	NOUN
ger-412	411	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	411	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	411	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	411	13	should	should	AUX
ger-412	411	14	be	be	AUX
ger-412	411	15	able	able	ADJ
ger-412	411	16	to	to	PART
ger-412	411	17	expand	expand	VERB
ger-412	411	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	411	19	factor	factor	NOUN
ger-412	411	20	linear	linear	PROPN
ger-412	411	21	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	411	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	412	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	412	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	412	3	from	from	ADP
ger-412	412	4	this	this	DET
ger-412	412	5	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	412	6	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	412	7	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	412	8	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	412	9	than	than	ADP
ger-412	412	10	50	50	NUM
ger-412	412	11	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	412	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	412	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	412	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	412	15	were	be	AUX
ger-412	412	16	meeting	meet	VERB
ger-412	412	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	412	18	requirement	requirement	NOUN
ger-412	412	19	of	of	ADP
ger-412	412	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	412	21	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ger-412	412	22	of	of	ADP
ger-412	412	23	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	412	24	by	by	ADP
ger-412	412	25	focusing	focus	VERB
ger-412	412	26	more	more	ADV
ger-412	412	27	on	on	ADP
ger-412	412	28	the	the	DET
ger-412	412	29	required	require	VERB
ger-412	412	30	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	412	31	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	412	32	to	to	PART
ger-412	412	33	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	412	34	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	412	35	49	49	NUM
ger-412	412	36	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	412	37	by	by	ADP
ger-412	412	38	the	the	DET
ger-412	412	39	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	412	40	the	the	DET
ger-412	412	41	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	412	42	had	have	AUX
ger-412	412	43	completed	complete	VERB
ger-412	412	44	their	their	PRON
ger-412	412	45	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	412	46	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	412	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	413	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	413	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	413	3	it	it	PRON
ger-412	413	4	is	be	AUX
ger-412	413	5	worth	worth	ADJ
ger-412	413	6	noting	note	VERB
ger-412	413	7	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	413	8	a	a	DET
ger-412	413	9	considerable	considerable	ADJ
ger-412	413	10	proportion	proportion	NOUN
ger-412	413	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	413	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	413	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	413	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	413	15	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	413	16	had	have	AUX
ger-412	413	17	not	not	PART
ger-412	413	18	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	413	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	413	20	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	413	21	’	’	PART
ger-412	413	22	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	413	23	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	413	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	413	25	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ger-412	413	26	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	413	27	of	of	ADP
ger-412	413	28	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	413	29	by	by	ADP
ger-412	413	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	413	31	end	end	NOUN
ger-412	413	32	of	of	ADP
ger-412	413	33	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	413	34	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	413	35	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	413	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	414	1	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	414	2	most	most	ADJ
ger-412	414	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	414	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	414	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	414	6	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	414	7	were	be	AUX
ger-412	414	8	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	414	9	in	in	ADP
ger-412	414	10	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	414	11	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	414	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	415	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	415	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	415	3	between	between	ADP
ger-412	415	4	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	415	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	415	6	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	415	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	415	8	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	415	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	415	10	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	415	11	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	415	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	415	13	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	415	14	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	415	15	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	415	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	415	17	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	415	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	415	19	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	415	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	415	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	415	22	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	415	23	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	415	24	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	415	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	415	26	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	415	27	before	before	ADP
ger-412	415	28	the	the	DET
ger-412	415	29	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	415	30	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	415	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	416	1	notably	notably	ADV
ger-412	416	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	416	3	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	416	4	than	than	ADP
ger-412	416	5	60	60	NUM
ger-412	416	6	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	416	7	of	of	ADP
ger-412	416	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	416	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	416	10	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	416	11	they	they	PRON
ger-412	416	12	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	416	13	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	416	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	416	15	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	416	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	416	17	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	416	18	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	416	19	before	before	ADP
ger-412	416	20	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	416	21	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	416	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	417	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	417	2	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-412	417	3	from	from	ADP
ger-412	417	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	417	5	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ger-412	417	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	417	7	education	education	PROPN
ger-412	417	8	in	in	ADP
ger-412	417	9	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	417	10	stress	stress	NOUN
ger-412	417	11	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	417	12	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	417	13	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	417	14	should	should	AUX
ger-412	417	15	be	be	AUX
ger-412	417	16	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	417	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	417	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	417	19	seventh	seventh	ADJ
ger-412	417	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	417	21	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	417	22	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	417	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	418	1	between	between	ADP
ger-412	418	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	418	3	seventh	seventh	ADJ
ger-412	418	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	418	5	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	418	6	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	418	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	418	8	are	be	AUX
ger-412	418	9	expected	expect	VERB
ger-412	418	10	to	to	PART
ger-412	418	11	be	be	AUX
ger-412	418	12	able	able	ADJ
ger-412	418	13	to	to	PART
ger-412	418	14	manipulate	manipulate	VERB
ger-412	418	15	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	418	16	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	418	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	418	18	formulae	formulae	NOUN
ger-412	418	19	of	of	ADP
ger-412	418	20	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	418	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	418	22	quadratic	quadratic	ADJ
ger-412	418	23	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	418	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	419	1	also	also	ADV
ger-412	419	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	419	3	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	419	4	should	should	AUX
ger-412	419	5	have	have	AUX
ger-412	419	6	known	know	VERB
ger-412	419	7	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	419	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	419	9	quadratic	quadratic	ADJ
ger-412	419	10	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	419	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	419	12	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	419	13	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	419	14	at	at	ADP
ger-412	419	15	these	these	DET
ger-412	419	16	levels	level	NOUN
ger-412	419	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	420	1	further	far	ADV
ger-412	420	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	420	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	420	4	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	420	5	are	be	AUX
ger-412	420	6	expected	expect	VERB
ger-412	420	7	to	to	PART
ger-412	420	8	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	420	9	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	420	10	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	420	11	with	with	ADP
ger-412	420	12	one	one	NUM
ger-412	420	13	unknown	unknown	ADJ
ger-412	420	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	420	15	chin	chin	NOUN
ger-412	420	16	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	420	17	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	420	18	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	420	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	420	20	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	420	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	420	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	421	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	421	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	421	3	between	between	ADP
ger-412	421	4	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	421	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	421	6	sixth	sixth	ADJ
ger-412	421	7	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	421	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	421	9	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	421	10	should	should	AUX
ger-412	421	11	be	be	AUX
ger-412	421	12	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	421	13	“	"	PUNCT
ger-412	421	14	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	421	15	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	421	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	421	17	one	one	NUM
ger-412	421	18	variable	variable	NOUN
ger-412	421	19	”	"	PUNCT
ger-412	421	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	421	21	chin	chin	NOUN
ger-412	421	22	et	et	PROPN
ger-412	421	23	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	421	24	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	421	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	421	26	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	421	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	421	28	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-412	421	29	807	807	NUM
ger-412	421	30	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	421	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	422	1	from	from	ADP
ger-412	422	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	422	3	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	422	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	422	5	this	this	DET
ger-412	422	6	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	422	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	422	8	it	it	PRON
ger-412	422	9	seems	seem	VERB
ger-412	422	10	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	422	11	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	422	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	422	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	422	14	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	422	15	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	422	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	422	17	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	422	18	content	content	NOUN
ger-412	422	19	per	per	ADP
ger-412	422	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	422	21	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ger-412	422	22	of	of	ADP
ger-412	422	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	422	24	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ger-412	422	25	of	of	ADP
ger-412	422	26	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	422	27	in	in	ADP
ger-412	422	28	the	the	DET
ger-412	422	29	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	422	30	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	422	31	they	they	PRON
ger-412	422	32	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	422	33	before	before	ADV
ger-412	422	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	422	35	at	at	ADP
ger-412	422	36	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	422	37	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	422	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	423	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	423	2	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	423	3	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	423	4	most	most	ADJ
ger-412	423	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	423	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	423	7	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	423	8	was	be	AUX
ger-412	423	9	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	423	10	at	at	ADP
ger-412	423	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	423	12	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	423	13	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	423	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	424	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	424	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	424	3	before	before	ADP
ger-412	424	4	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	424	5	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	424	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	424	7	there	there	PRON
ger-412	424	8	was	be	VERB
ger-412	424	9	a	a	DET
ger-412	424	10	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	424	11	drop	drop	NOUN
ger-412	424	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	424	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	424	14	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	424	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	424	16	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	424	17	who	who	PRON
ger-412	424	18	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	424	19	they	they	PRON
ger-412	424	20	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	424	21	numeric	numeric	ADP
ger-412	424	22	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	424	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	424	24	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	424	25	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	424	26	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	424	27	sequences	sequence	NOUN
ger-412	424	28	before	before	ADP
ger-412	424	29	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	424	30	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	424	31	between	between	ADP
ger-412	424	32	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	424	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	424	34	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	424	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	425	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	425	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ger-412	425	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	425	4	there	there	PRON
ger-412	425	5	was	be	VERB
ger-412	425	6	a	a	DET
ger-412	425	7	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	425	8	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-412	425	9	in	in	ADP
ger-412	425	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	425	11	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	425	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	425	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	425	14	who	who	PRON
ger-412	425	15	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	425	16	they	they	PRON
ger-412	425	17	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	425	18	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	425	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	425	20	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	425	21	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	425	22	before	before	ADP
ger-412	425	23	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	425	24	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	425	25	between	between	ADP
ger-412	425	26	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	425	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	425	28	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	425	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	426	1	also	also	ADV
ger-412	426	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	426	3	there	there	PRON
ger-412	426	4	was	be	VERB
ger-412	426	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	426	6	5	5	NUM
ger-412	426	7	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	426	8	increase	increase	NOUN
ger-412	426	9	in	in	ADP
ger-412	426	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	426	11	percentage	percentage	NOUN
ger-412	426	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	426	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	426	14	who	who	PRON
ger-412	426	15	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	426	16	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	426	17	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	426	18	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	426	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	426	20	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	426	21	before	before	ADP
ger-412	426	22	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	426	23	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	426	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	427	1	over	over	ADP
ger-412	427	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	427	3	two	two	NUM
ger-412	427	4	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	427	5	cycles	cycle	NOUN
ger-412	427	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	427	7	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	427	8	than	than	ADP
ger-412	427	9	75	75	NUM
ger-412	427	10	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	427	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	427	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	427	13	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	427	14	they	they	PRON
ger-412	427	15	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	427	16	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	427	17	of	of	ADP
ger-412	427	18	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	427	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	427	20	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	427	21	of	of	ADP
ger-412	427	22	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	427	23	at	at	ADP
ger-412	427	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	427	25	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	427	26	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	427	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	428	1	sen	sen	PROPN
ger-412	428	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	428	3	malley	malley	PROPN
ger-412	428	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	428	5	hodson	hodson	PROPN
ger-412	428	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	428	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	428	8	werwath	werwath	PROPN
ger-412	428	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	428	10	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	428	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	428	12	documented	document	VERB
ger-412	428	13	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	428	14	two	two	NUM
ger-412	428	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	428	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	428	17	three	three	NUM
ger-412	428	18	critical	critical	ADJ
ger-412	428	19	focal	focal	ADJ
ger-412	428	20	areas	area	NOUN
ger-412	428	21	in	in	ADP
ger-412	428	22	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	428	23	for	for	ADP
ger-412	428	24	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	428	25	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	428	26	include	include	VERB
ger-412	428	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	428	28	“	"	PUNCT
ger-412	428	29	formulating	formulate	VERB
ger-412	428	30	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	428	31	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ger-412	428	32	about	about	ADP
ger-412	428	33	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	428	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	428	35	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	428	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	428	37	solving	solve	VERB
ger-412	428	38	linear	linear	NOUN
ger-412	428	39	equation	equation	NOUN
ger-412	428	40	…	…	PUNCT
ger-412	428	41	function	function	NOUN
ger-412	428	42	concept	concept	NOUN
ger-412	428	43	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	428	44	using	use	VERB
ger-412	428	45	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	428	46	to	to	PART
ger-412	428	47	describe	describe	VERB
ger-412	428	48	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
ger-412	428	49	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	428	50	”	"	PUNCT
ger-412	428	51	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	428	52	p.983	p.983	NUM
ger-412	428	53	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	428	54	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	429	1	further	far	ADV
ger-412	429	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	429	3	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	429	4	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	429	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	429	6	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	429	7	were	be	AUX
ger-412	429	8	expected	expect	VERB
ger-412	429	9	between	between	ADP
ger-412	429	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	429	11	third	third	ADJ
ger-412	429	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	429	13	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ger-412	429	14	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	429	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	429	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	429	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	429	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	429	19	seventh	seventh	ADJ
ger-412	429	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	429	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	429	22	nga	nga	PROPN
ger-412	429	23	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	429	24	ccsso	ccsso	PROPN
ger-412	429	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	429	26	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	429	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	429	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	430	1	although	although	SCONJ
ger-412	430	2	some	some	DET
ger-412	430	3	states	state	NOUN
ger-412	430	4	have	have	AUX
ger-412	430	5	adopted	adopt	VERB
ger-412	430	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	430	7	ccssm	ccssm	NOUN
ger-412	430	8	since	since	SCONJ
ger-412	430	9	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	430	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	430	11	it	it	PRON
ger-412	430	12	seems	seem	VERB
ger-412	430	13	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	430	14	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	430	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	430	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	430	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	430	18	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	430	19	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	430	20	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	430	21	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	430	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	430	23	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	430	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	430	25	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	430	26	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	430	27	at	at	ADP
ger-412	430	28	the	the	DET
ger-412	430	29	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	430	30	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	430	31	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	430	32	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	430	33	even	even	ADV
ger-412	430	34	though	though	SCONJ
ger-412	430	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	430	36	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	430	37	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	430	38	indicated	indicate	VERB
ger-412	430	39	from	from	ADP
ger-412	430	40	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ger-412	430	41	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	430	42	onwards	onwards	ADV
ger-412	430	43	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	431	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	431	2	sum	sum	NOUN
ger-412	431	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	431	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	431	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	431	6	three	three	NUM
ger-412	431	7	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	431	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	431	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	431	10	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	431	11	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	431	12	reports	report	NOUN
ger-412	431	13	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	431	14	a	a	DET
ger-412	431	15	possibility	possibility	NOUN
ger-412	431	16	of	of	ADP
ger-412	431	17	a	a	DET
ger-412	431	18	shift	shift	NOUN
ger-412	431	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	431	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	431	21	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-412	431	22	of	of	ADP
ger-412	431	23	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	431	24	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	431	25	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	431	26	across	across	ADP
ger-412	431	27	the	the	DET
ger-412	431	28	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	431	29	over	over	ADP
ger-412	431	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	431	31	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	431	32	between	between	ADP
ger-412	431	33	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	431	34	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	431	35	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	431	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	432	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	432	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	432	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	432	4	there	there	PRON
ger-412	432	5	seemed	seem	VERB
ger-412	432	6	to	to	PART
ger-412	432	7	be	be	AUX
ger-412	432	8	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	432	9	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-412	432	10	on	on	ADP
ger-412	432	11	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	432	12	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	432	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	432	14	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	432	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	432	16	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	432	17	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	432	18	in	in	ADP
ger-412	432	19	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	432	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	432	21	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	432	22	before	before	ADP
ger-412	432	23	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	432	24	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	432	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	433	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	433	2	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-412	433	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	433	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	433	5	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	433	6	may	may	AUX
ger-412	433	7	be	be	AUX
ger-412	433	8	attributed	attribute	VERB
ger-412	433	9	to	to	ADP
ger-412	433	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	433	11	shift	shift	NOUN
ger-412	433	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	433	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	433	14	50	50	NUM
ger-412	433	15	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	433	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	433	17	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	433	18	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	433	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	433	20	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
ger-412	433	21	of	of	ADP
ger-412	433	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	433	23	various	various	ADJ
ger-412	433	24	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	433	25	in	in	ADP
ger-412	433	26	the	the	DET
ger-412	433	27	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	433	28	levels	level	NOUN
ger-412	433	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	434	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	434	2	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ger-412	434	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	434	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	434	5	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	434	6	between	between	ADP
ger-412	434	7	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	434	8	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	434	9	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	434	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	434	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	434	12	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	434	13	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	434	14	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	434	15	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	434	16	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	434	17	would	would	AUX
ger-412	434	18	provide	provide	VERB
ger-412	434	19	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	434	20	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	434	21	on	on	ADP
ger-412	434	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	434	23	influence	influence	NOUN
ger-412	434	24	of	of	ADP
ger-412	434	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	434	26	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	434	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	435	1	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	435	2	between	between	ADP
ger-412	435	3	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	435	4	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	435	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	435	6	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	435	7	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	435	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	435	9	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	435	10	from	from	ADP
ger-412	435	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	435	12	multilevel	multilevel	ADJ
ger-412	435	13	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	435	14	of	of	ADP
ger-412	435	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	435	16	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	435	17	between	between	ADP
ger-412	435	18	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	435	19	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	435	20	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	435	21	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	435	22	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	435	23	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	435	24	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	435	25	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	435	26	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	435	27	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	435	28	suggest	suggest	VERB
ger-412	435	29	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	435	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	435	31	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	435	32	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	435	33	for	for	ADP
ger-412	435	34	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	435	35	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	435	36	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	435	37	mattered	matter	VERB
ger-412	435	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	436	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ger-412	436	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	436	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	436	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	436	5	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	436	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	436	7	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	436	8	having	having	AUX
ger-412	436	9	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	436	10	them	they	PRON
ger-412	436	11	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	436	12	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	436	13	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	436	14	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	436	15	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	436	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	436	17	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	436	18	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	436	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	436	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	436	21	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	436	22	before	before	SCONJ
ger-412	436	23	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	436	24	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	436	25	had	have	VERB
ger-412	436	26	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	436	27	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	436	28	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	436	29	than	than	ADP
ger-412	436	30	those	those	PRON
ger-412	436	31	who	who	PRON
ger-412	436	32	had	have	AUX
ger-412	436	33	not	not	PART
ger-412	436	34	been	be	AUX
ger-412	436	35	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	436	36	these	these	DET
ger-412	436	37	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	436	38	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	436	39	had	have	VERB
ger-412	436	40	these	these	DET
ger-412	436	41	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	436	42	at	at	ADP
ger-412	436	43	a	a	DET
ger-412	436	44	later	later	ADJ
ger-412	436	45	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	436	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	437	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
ger-412	437	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	437	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	437	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	437	5	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	437	6	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	437	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	437	8	who	who	PRON
ger-412	437	9	had	have	AUX
ger-412	437	10	been	be	AUX
ger-412	437	11	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	437	12	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	437	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	437	14	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	437	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	437	16	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	437	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	437	18	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	437	19	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	437	20	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	437	21	before	before	ADP
ger-412	437	22	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	437	23	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	437	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	437	25	had	have	VERB
ger-412	437	26	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	437	27	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	437	28	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	437	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	438	1	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	438	2	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	438	3	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	438	4	at	at	ADP
ger-412	438	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	438	6	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	438	7	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	438	8	could	could	AUX
ger-412	438	9	have	have	AUX
ger-412	438	10	positioned	position	VERB
ger-412	438	11	some	some	DET
ger-412	438	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	438	13	at	at	ADP
ger-412	438	14	an	an	DET
ger-412	438	15	advantage	advantage	NOUN
ger-412	438	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	438	17	their	their	PRON
ger-412	438	18	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	438	19	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	438	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	439	1	for	for	ADP
ger-412	439	2	instance	instance	NOUN
ger-412	439	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	439	4	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	439	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	439	6	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	439	7	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	439	8	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	439	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	439	10	had	have	AUX
ger-412	439	11	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	439	12	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	439	13	i	i	NOUN
ger-412	439	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	439	15	numeric	numeric	ADJ
ger-412	439	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	439	17	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	439	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	439	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	439	20	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	439	21	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	439	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	439	23	ii)simplifying	ii)simplifye	VERB
ger-412	439	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	439	25	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	439	26	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	439	27	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	439	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	439	29	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	439	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	439	31	iii	iii	X
ger-412	439	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	439	33	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	439	34	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	439	35	at	at	ADP
ger-412	439	36	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	439	37	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	439	38	in	in	ADP
ger-412	439	39	the	the	DET
ger-412	439	40	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	439	41	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	439	42	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	439	43	performed	perform	VERB
ger-412	439	44	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	439	45	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	439	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	440	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	440	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
ger-412	440	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	440	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	440	5	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	440	6	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	440	7	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	440	8	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	440	9	who	who	PRON
ger-412	440	10	had	have	AUX
ger-412	440	11	been	be	AUX
ger-412	440	12	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	440	13	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	440	14	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	440	15	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	440	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	440	17	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	440	18	at	at	ADP
ger-412	440	19	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	440	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	440	21	in	in	ADP
ger-412	440	22	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	440	23	had	have	VERB
ger-412	440	24	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	440	25	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	440	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	440	27	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
ger-412	440	28	those	those	PRON
ger-412	440	29	who	who	PRON
ger-412	440	30	were	be	AUX
ger-412	440	31	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	440	32	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	440	33	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	440	34	at	at	ADP
ger-412	440	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	440	36	same	same	ADJ
ger-412	440	37	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	440	38	had	have	VERB
ger-412	440	39	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	440	40	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	440	41	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	440	42	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	440	43	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	441	1	these	these	DET
ger-412	441	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	441	3	support	support	VERB
ger-412	441	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	441	5	notion	notion	NOUN
ger-412	441	6	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	441	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	441	8	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	441	9	some	some	DET
ger-412	441	10	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	441	11	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	441	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	441	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	441	14	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	441	15	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	441	16	could	could	AUX
ger-412	441	17	be	be	AUX
ger-412	441	18	more	more	ADV
ger-412	441	19	advantageous	advantageous	ADJ
ger-412	441	20	for	for	ADP
ger-412	441	21	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	441	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	441	23	such	such	ADJ
ger-412	441	24	as	as	ADP
ger-412	441	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	441	26	singaporean	singaporean	ADJ
ger-412	441	27	case	case	NOUN
ger-412	441	28	for	for	ADP
ger-412	441	29	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	441	30	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	441	31	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	441	32	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	441	33	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	441	34	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	441	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	442	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	442	2	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	442	3	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	442	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	442	5	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	442	6	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	442	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	442	8	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	442	9	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	442	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	442	11	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	442	12	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	442	13	could	could	AUX
ger-412	442	14	be	be	AUX
ger-412	442	15	attributed	attribute	VERB
ger-412	442	16	to	to	ADP
ger-412	442	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	442	18	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-412	442	19	used	use	VERB
ger-412	442	20	to	to	PART
ger-412	442	21	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	442	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	442	23	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	442	24	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	442	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	442	26	the	the	DET
ger-412	442	27	systemic	systemic	ADJ
ger-412	442	28	policies	policy	NOUN
ger-412	442	29	allowing	allow	VERB
ger-412	442	30	for	for	ADP
ger-412	442	31	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	442	32	the	the	DET
ger-412	442	33	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	442	34	earlier	early	ADV
ger-412	442	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	443	1	for	for	ADP
ger-412	443	2	example	example	NOUN
ger-412	443	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	443	4	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	443	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	443	6	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	443	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	443	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	443	9	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	443	10	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	443	11	were	be	AUX
ger-412	443	12	to	to	PART
ger-412	443	13	be	be	AUX
ger-412	443	14	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	443	15	from	from	ADP
ger-412	443	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	443	17	fifth	fifth	ADJ
ger-412	443	18	through	through	ADP
ger-412	443	19	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	443	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	443	21	in	in	ADP
ger-412	443	22	the	the	DET
ger-412	443	23	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	443	24	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	443	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	443	26	from	from	ADP
ger-412	443	27	the	the	DET
ger-412	443	28	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	443	29	through	through	ADP
ger-412	443	30	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	443	31	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	443	32	in	in	ADP
ger-412	443	33	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	443	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	444	1	however	however	ADV
ger-412	444	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	444	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	444	4	intended	intend	VERB
ger-412	444	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	444	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	444	7	indicated	indicate	VERB
ger-412	444	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	444	9	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	444	10	that	that	PRON
ger-412	444	11	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
ger-412	444	12	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	444	13	were	be	AUX
ger-412	444	14	to	to	PART
ger-412	444	15	be	be	AUX
ger-412	444	16	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	444	17	from	from	ADP
ger-412	444	18	the	the	DET
ger-412	444	19	third	third	ADJ
ger-412	444	20	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	444	21	through	through	ADP
ger-412	444	22	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	444	23	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	444	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	445	1	chan	chan	PROPN
ger-412	445	2	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	445	3	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	445	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	445	5	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	445	6	using	use	VERB
ger-412	445	7	manipulatives	manipulative	NOUN
ger-412	445	8	such	such	ADJ
ger-412	445	9	as	as	SCONJ
ger-412	445	10	pattern	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	445	11	blocks	block	NOUN
ger-412	445	12	increased	increase	VERB
ger-412	445	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	445	14	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ger-412	445	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	445	16	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	445	17	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	445	18	in	in	ADP
ger-412	445	19	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	445	20	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	445	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	446	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	446	2	sequential	sequential	ADJ
ger-412	446	3	development	development	NOUN
ger-412	446	4	using	use	VERB
ger-412	446	5	representations	representation	NOUN
ger-412	446	6	from	from	ADP
ger-412	446	7	concrete	concrete	NOUN
ger-412	446	8	to	to	ADP
ger-412	446	9	visual	visual	ADJ
ger-412	446	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	446	11	then	then	ADV
ger-412	446	12	to	to	ADP
ger-412	446	13	symbolic	symbolic	ADJ
ger-412	446	14	supported	support	VERB
ger-412	446	15	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	446	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	446	17	identifying	identify	VERB
ger-412	446	18	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	446	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	446	20	making	make	VERB
ger-412	446	21	generalizations	generalization	NOUN
ger-412	446	22	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	446	23	chan	chan	PROPN
ger-412	446	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	446	25	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	446	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	446	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	447	1	although	although	SCONJ
ger-412	447	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	447	3	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	447	4	did	do	AUX
ger-412	447	5	not	not	PART
ger-412	447	6	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	447	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	447	8	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-412	447	9	used	use	VERB
ger-412	447	10	to	to	PART
ger-412	447	11	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	447	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	447	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	447	14	it	it	PRON
ger-412	447	15	is	be	AUX
ger-412	447	16	probable	probable	ADJ
ger-412	447	17	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	447	18	there	there	PRON
ger-412	447	19	could	could	AUX
ger-412	447	20	have	have	AUX
ger-412	447	21	been	be	AUX
ger-412	447	22	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	447	23	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-412	447	24	used	use	VERB
ger-412	447	25	to	to	PART
ger-412	447	26	introduce	introduce	VERB
ger-412	447	27	this	this	DET
ger-412	447	28	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	447	29	in	in	ADP
ger-412	447	30	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	447	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	447	32	the	the	DET
ger-412	447	33	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	447	34	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	447	35	that	that	PRON
ger-412	447	36	were	be	AUX
ger-412	447	37	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	447	38	than	than	ADP
ger-412	447	39	those	those	PRON
ger-412	447	40	used	use	VERB
ger-412	447	41	to	to	PART
ger-412	447	42	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	447	43	the	the	DET
ger-412	447	44	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	447	45	in	in	ADP
ger-412	447	46	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	447	47	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	448	1	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
ger-412	448	2	these	these	DET
ger-412	448	3	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-412	448	4	to	to	ADP
ger-412	448	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	448	6	could	could	AUX
ger-412	448	7	have	have	AUX
ger-412	448	8	made	make	VERB
ger-412	448	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	448	10	difference	difference	NOUN
ger-412	448	11	in	in	ADP
ger-412	448	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	448	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ger-412	448	14	of	of	ADP
ger-412	448	15	the	the	DET
ger-412	448	16	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	448	17	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	448	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	449	1	these	these	DET
ger-412	449	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	449	3	support	support	VERB
ger-412	449	4	previous	previous	ADJ
ger-412	449	5	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	449	6	by	by	ADP
ger-412	449	7	blanton	blanton	PROPN
ger-412	449	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	449	9	kaput	kaput	PROPN
ger-412	449	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	449	11	2004	2004	NUM
ger-412	449	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	449	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	449	14	which	which	PRON
ger-412	449	15	they	they	PRON
ger-412	449	16	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	449	17	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	449	18	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	449	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	449	20	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	449	21	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	449	22	could	could	AUX
ger-412	449	23	understand	understand	VERB
ger-412	449	24	covariation	covariation	NOUN
ger-412	449	25	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	449	26	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	449	27	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	449	28	in	in	ADP
ger-412	449	29	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	449	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	450	1	from	from	ADP
ger-412	450	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	450	3	multi	multi	ADJ
ger-412	450	4	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	450	5	level	level	ADJ
ger-412	450	6	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	450	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	450	8	the	the	DET
ger-412	450	9	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	450	10	show	show	VERB
ger-412	450	11	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	450	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	450	13	the	the	DET
ger-412	450	14	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	450	15	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	450	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	450	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	450	18	whose	whose	DET
ger-412	450	19	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	450	20	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	450	21	they	they	PRON
ger-412	450	22	had	have	AUX
ger-412	450	23	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	450	24	properties	property	NOUN
ger-412	450	25	of	of	ADP
ger-412	450	26	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	450	27	to	to	PART
ger-412	450	28	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	450	29	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	450	30	51	51	NUM
ger-412	450	31	functions	function	NOUN
ger-412	450	32	before	before	ADP
ger-412	450	33	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	450	34	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	450	35	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	450	36	had	have	VERB
ger-412	450	37	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	450	38	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	450	39	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	450	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	451	1	although	although	SCONJ
ger-412	451	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	451	3	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
ger-412	451	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	451	5	showed	show	VERB
ger-412	451	6	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	451	7	only	only	ADV
ger-412	451	8	6	6	NUM
ger-412	451	9	%	%	NOUN
ger-412	451	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	451	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	451	12	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	451	13	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	451	14	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	451	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	451	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	451	17	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	451	18	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	451	19	reported	report	VERB
ger-412	451	20	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	451	21	this	this	DET
ger-412	451	22	topic	topic	NOUN
ger-412	451	23	before	before	ADP
ger-412	451	24	eighthgrade	eighthgrade	NOUN
ger-412	451	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	451	26	their	their	PRON
ger-412	451	27	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	451	28	had	have	VERB
ger-412	451	29	significantly	significantly	ADV
ger-412	451	30	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	451	31	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	451	32	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	451	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	452	1	gardiner	gardiner	NOUN
ger-412	452	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	452	3	sawrey	sawrey	PROPN
ger-412	452	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	452	5	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	452	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	452	7	found	find	VERB
ger-412	452	8	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	452	9	with	with	ADP
ger-412	452	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	452	11	intentional	intentional	ADJ
ger-412	452	12	selection	selection	NOUN
ger-412	452	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	452	14	tasks	task	NOUN
ger-412	452	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	452	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	452	17	promotion	promotion	NOUN
ger-412	452	18	of	of	ADP
ger-412	452	19	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	452	20	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	452	21	is	be	AUX
ger-412	452	22	possible	possible	ADJ
ger-412	452	23	amongst	amongst	ADP
ger-412	452	24	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	452	25	graders	grader	NOUN
ger-412	452	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	453	1	likewise	likewise	ADV
ger-412	453	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	453	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	453	4	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	453	5	moves	move	VERB
ger-412	453	6	that	that	PRON
ger-412	453	7	foster	foster	VERB
ger-412	453	8	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ger-412	453	9	through	through	ADP
ger-412	453	10	effective	effective	ADJ
ger-412	453	11	questioning	questioning	NOUN
ger-412	453	12	were	be	AUX
ger-412	453	13	found	find	VERB
ger-412	453	14	to	to	PART
ger-412	453	15	be	be	AUX
ger-412	453	16	effective	effective	ADJ
ger-412	453	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	453	18	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	453	19	the	the	DET
ger-412	453	20	discovery	discovery	NOUN
ger-412	453	21	of	of	ADP
ger-412	453	22	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	453	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	453	24	the	the	DET
ger-412	453	25	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	453	26	between	between	ADP
ger-412	453	27	variables	variable	NOUN
ger-412	453	28	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	453	29	whitin	whitin	PROPN
ger-412	453	30	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	453	31	whitin	whitin	PROPN
ger-412	453	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	453	33	2014	2014	NUM
ger-412	453	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	453	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	454	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	454	2	sum	sum	NOUN
ger-412	454	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	454	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	454	5	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	454	6	show	show	VERB
ger-412	454	7	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	454	8	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	454	9	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	454	10	in	in	ADP
ger-412	454	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	454	12	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	454	13	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	454	14	can	can	AUX
ger-412	454	15	be	be	AUX
ger-412	454	16	of	of	ADP
ger-412	454	17	advantage	advantage	NOUN
ger-412	454	18	for	for	ADP
ger-412	454	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	454	20	’	'	PUNCT
ger-412	454	21	success	success	NOUN
ger-412	454	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	454	23	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	454	24	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	454	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	455	1	implications	implication	NOUN
ger-412	455	2	for	for	ADP
ger-412	455	3	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-412	455	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	455	5	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	455	6	these	these	DET
ger-412	455	7	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	455	8	indicate	indicate	VERB
ger-412	455	9	that	that	SCONJ
ger-412	455	10	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	455	11	enter	enter	VERB
ger-412	455	12	high	high	ADJ
ger-412	455	13	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	455	14	with	with	ADP
ger-412	455	15	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	455	16	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	455	17	competencies	competency	NOUN
ger-412	455	18	within	within	ADP
ger-412	455	19	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	455	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	456	1	notably	notably	ADV
ger-412	456	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	456	3	some	some	PRON
ger-412	456	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	456	5	these	these	DET
ger-412	456	6	gaps	gap	NOUN
ger-412	456	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	456	8	their	their	PRON
ger-412	456	9	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	456	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-412	456	11	may	may	AUX
ger-412	456	12	or	or	CCONJ
ger-412	456	13	may	may	AUX
ger-412	456	14	not	not	PART
ger-412	456	15	be	be	AUX
ger-412	456	16	filled	fill	VERB
ger-412	456	17	during	during	ADP
ger-412	456	18	high	high	ADJ
ger-412	456	19	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	456	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	457	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	457	2	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	457	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	457	4	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	457	5	are	be	AUX
ger-412	457	6	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	457	7	less	less	ADJ
ger-412	457	8	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	457	9	in	in	ADP
ger-412	457	10	the	the	DET
ger-412	457	11	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	457	12	years	year	NOUN
ger-412	457	13	than	than	ADP
ger-412	457	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	457	15	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	457	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	457	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	457	18	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	457	19	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	457	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	458	1	as	as	SCONJ
ger-412	458	2	indicated	indicate	VERB
ger-412	458	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	458	4	this	this	DET
ger-412	458	5	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	458	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	458	7	some	some	PRON
ger-412	458	8	of	of	ADP
ger-412	458	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	458	10	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	458	11	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	458	12	can	can	AUX
ger-412	458	13	be	be	AUX
ger-412	458	14	taught	teach	VERB
ger-412	458	15	at	at	ADP
ger-412	458	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	458	17	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	458	18	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	458	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	459	1	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
ger-412	459	2	using	use	VERB
ger-412	459	3	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	459	4	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-412	459	5	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-412	459	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	459	7	problem	problem	NOUN
ger-412	459	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	459	9	solving	solve	VERB
ger-412	459	10	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ger-412	459	11	make	make	VERB
ger-412	459	12	this	this	PRON
ger-412	459	13	possible	possible	ADJ
ger-412	459	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	460	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	460	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	460	3	literature	literature	NOUN
ger-412	460	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	460	5	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
ger-412	460	6	gardiner	gardiner	PROPN
ger-412	460	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	460	8	sawrey,2016	sawrey,2016	PROPN
ger-412	460	9	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	460	10	whitin	whitin	PROPN
ger-412	460	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	460	12	whitin	whitin	PROPN
ger-412	460	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	460	14	2014	2014	NUM
ger-412	460	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	460	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	460	17	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	460	18	thinking	think	VERB
ger-412	460	19	can	can	AUX
ger-412	460	20	be	be	AUX
ger-412	460	21	promoted	promote	VERB
ger-412	460	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	460	23	lower	low	ADJ
ger-412	460	24	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	460	25	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	460	26	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	460	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	461	1	perhaps	perhaps	ADV
ger-412	461	2	what	what	PRON
ger-412	461	3	would	would	AUX
ger-412	461	4	be	be	AUX
ger-412	461	5	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
ger-412	461	6	is	be	AUX
ger-412	461	7	promoting	promote	VERB
ger-412	461	8	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-412	461	9	to	to	ADP
ger-412	461	10	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	461	11	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	461	12	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	461	13	amongst	amongst	ADP
ger-412	461	14	pre	pre	ADJ
ger-412	461	15	-	-	NOUN
ger-412	461	16	service	service	NOUN
ger-412	461	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	461	18	in	in	ADP
ger-412	461	19	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	461	20	service	service	NOUN
ger-412	461	21	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	461	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	462	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	462	2	particular	particular	ADJ
ger-412	462	3	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	462	4	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	462	5	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	462	6	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	462	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	462	8	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	462	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	462	10	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	462	11	on	on	ADP
ger-412	462	12	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	462	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	462	14	numeric	numeric	ADV
ger-412	462	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	462	16	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	462	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	462	18	geometric	geometric	ADJ
ger-412	462	19	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	462	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	462	21	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	462	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	462	23	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	462	24	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	462	25	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	462	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	462	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	462	28	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	462	29	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ger-412	462	30	are	be	AUX
ger-412	462	31	some	some	DET
ger-412	462	32	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	462	33	that	that	PRON
ger-412	462	34	should	should	AUX
ger-412	462	35	be	be	AUX
ger-412	462	36	discussed	discuss	VERB
ger-412	462	37	in	in	ADP
ger-412	462	38	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
ger-412	462	39	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	462	40	related	relate	VERB
ger-412	462	41	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-412	462	42	development	development	NOUN
ger-412	462	43	forums	forum	NOUN
ger-412	462	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	463	1	most	most	ADV
ger-412	463	2	important	important	ADJ
ger-412	463	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	463	4	is	be	AUX
ger-412	463	5	selecting	select	VERB
ger-412	463	6	cognitively	cognitively	ADV
ger-412	463	7	demanding	demanding	ADJ
ger-412	463	8	tasks	task	NOUN
ger-412	463	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	463	10	smith	smith	PROPN
ger-412	463	11	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	463	12	stein	stein	PROPN
ger-412	463	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	463	14	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	463	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	463	16	that	that	PRON
ger-412	463	17	allow	allow	VERB
ger-412	463	18	for	for	SCONJ
ger-412	463	19	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	463	20	to	to	PART
ger-412	463	21	develop	develop	VERB
ger-412	463	22	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
ger-412	463	23	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ger-412	463	24	of	of	ADP
ger-412	463	25	these	these	DET
ger-412	463	26	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	463	27	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	463	28	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	463	29	developing	develop	VERB
ger-412	463	30	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ger-412	463	31	that	that	PRON
ger-412	463	32	promote	promote	VERB
ger-412	463	33	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	463	34	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	463	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	464	1	further	further	ADJ
ger-412	464	2	studies	study	NOUN
ger-412	464	3	that	that	PRON
ger-412	464	4	examine	examine	VERB
ger-412	464	5	how	how	SCONJ
ger-412	464	6	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ger-412	464	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	464	8	fill	fill	VERB
ger-412	464	9	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	464	10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-412	464	11	gaps	gap	NOUN
ger-412	464	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	464	13	high	high	ADJ
ger-412	464	14	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	464	15	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	464	16	should	should	AUX
ger-412	464	17	be	be	AUX
ger-412	464	18	investigated	investigate	VERB
ger-412	464	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	465	1	also	also	ADV
ger-412	465	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	465	3	studies	study	NOUN
ger-412	465	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	465	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	465	6	otl	otl	NOUN
ger-412	465	7	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	465	8	based	base	VERB
ger-412	465	9	on	on	ADP
ger-412	465	10	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	465	11	backgrounds	background	NOUN
ger-412	465	12	might	might	AUX
ger-412	465	13	provide	provide	VERB
ger-412	465	14	insights	insight	NOUN
ger-412	465	15	on	on	ADP
ger-412	465	16	which	which	PRON
ger-412	465	17	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	465	18	are	be	AUX
ger-412	465	19	not	not	PART
ger-412	465	20	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	465	21	the	the	DET
ger-412	465	22	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	465	23	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	465	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	465	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	465	26	effects	effect	NOUN
ger-412	465	27	of	of	ADP
ger-412	465	28	these	these	DET
ger-412	465	29	gaps	gap	NOUN
ger-412	465	30	on	on	ADP
ger-412	465	31	their	their	PRON
ger-412	465	32	continual	continual	ADJ
ger-412	465	33	success	success	NOUN
ger-412	465	34	advanced	advanced	ADJ
ger-412	465	35	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	465	36	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	466	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	466	2	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	466	3	point	point	VERB
ger-412	466	4	to	to	ADP
ger-412	466	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	466	6	need	need	NOUN
ger-412	466	7	for	for	ADP
ger-412	466	8	further	further	ADJ
ger-412	466	9	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	466	10	on	on	ADP
ger-412	466	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	466	12	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-412	466	13	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ger-412	466	14	used	use	VERB
ger-412	466	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	466	16	the	the	DET
ger-412	466	17	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	466	18	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	466	19	for	for	ADP
ger-412	466	20	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	466	21	simultaneous	simultaneous	ADJ
ger-412	466	22	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	466	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	466	24	simple	simple	ADJ
ger-412	466	25	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	466	26	equations	equation	NOUN
ger-412	466	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	466	28	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	466	29	in	in	ADP
ger-412	466	30	before	before	ADP
ger-412	466	31	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	466	32	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	466	33	that	that	PRON
ger-412	466	34	were	be	AUX
ger-412	466	35	related	relate	VERB
ger-412	466	36	to	to	ADP
ger-412	466	37	a	a	DET
ger-412	466	38	significant	significant	ADJ
ger-412	466	39	higher	high	ADJ
ger-412	466	40	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	466	41	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	466	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	467	1	also	also	ADV
ger-412	467	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	467	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	467	4	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
ger-412	467	5	related	relate	VERB
ger-412	467	6	to	to	ADP
ger-412	467	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	467	8	successful	successful	ADJ
ger-412	467	9	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	467	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	467	11	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	467	12	representation	representation	NOUN
ger-412	467	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	467	14	simplifying	simplify	VERB
ger-412	467	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	467	16	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
ger-412	467	17	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	467	18	expressions	expression	NOUN
ger-412	467	19	before	before	ADP
ger-412	467	20	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	467	21	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	467	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	467	23	the	the	DET
ger-412	467	24	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	467	25	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	467	26	is	be	AUX
ger-412	467	27	an	an	DET
ger-412	467	28	agenda	agenda	NOUN
ger-412	467	29	for	for	ADP
ger-412	467	30	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	467	31	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	468	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ger-412	468	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	468	3	otl	otl	VERB
ger-412	468	4	various	various	ADJ
ger-412	468	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	468	6	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	468	7	points	point	VERB
ger-412	468	8	out	out	ADP
ger-412	468	9	an	an	DET
ger-412	468	10	important	important	ADJ
ger-412	468	11	factor	factor	NOUN
ger-412	468	12	that	that	PRON
ger-412	468	13	should	should	AUX
ger-412	468	14	be	be	AUX
ger-412	468	15	considered	consider	VERB
ger-412	468	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	468	17	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	468	18	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	468	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	469	1	for	for	ADP
ger-412	469	2	example	example	NOUN
ger-412	469	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	469	4	there	there	PRON
ger-412	469	5	is	be	VERB
ger-412	469	6	a	a	DET
ger-412	469	7	need	need	NOUN
ger-412	469	8	for	for	ADP
ger-412	469	9	more	more	ADJ
ger-412	469	10	discussions	discussion	NOUN
ger-412	469	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	469	12	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	469	13	on	on	ADP
ger-412	469	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	469	15	a	a	X
ger-412	469	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	469	17	important	important	ADJ
ger-412	469	18	topics	topic	NOUN
ger-412	469	19	to	to	PART
ger-412	469	20	be	be	AUX
ger-412	469	21	learned	learn	VERB
ger-412	469	22	in	in	ADP
ger-412	469	23	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	469	24	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	469	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	469	26	b	b	X
ger-412	469	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	469	28	investigations	investigation	NOUN
ger-412	469	29	on	on	ADP
ger-412	469	30	the	the	DET
ger-412	469	31	coherence	coherence	NOUN
ger-412	469	32	of	of	ADP
ger-412	469	33	the	the	DET
ger-412	469	34	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	469	35	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	469	36	at	at	ADP
ger-412	469	37	the	the	DET
ger-412	469	38	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	469	39	levels	level	NOUN
ger-412	469	40	in	in	ADP
ger-412	469	41	the	the	DET
ger-412	469	42	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	469	43	across	across	ADP
ger-412	469	44	different	different	ADJ
ger-412	469	45	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	469	46	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	469	47	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	469	48	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	469	49	c	c	X
ger-412	469	50	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	469	51	the	the	DET
ger-412	469	52	time	time	NOUN
ger-412	469	53	needed	need	VERB
ger-412	469	54	to	to	PART
ger-412	469	55	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	469	56	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	469	57	in	in	ADP
ger-412	469	58	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	469	59	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	469	60	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	469	61	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-412	469	62	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	469	63	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	470	1	finally	finally	ADV
ger-412	470	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	470	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	470	4	need	need	NOUN
ger-412	470	5	for	for	ADP
ger-412	470	6	professional	professional	ADJ
ger-412	470	7	development	development	NOUN
ger-412	470	8	on	on	ADP
ger-412	470	9	approaches	approach	NOUN
ger-412	470	10	52	52	NUM
ger-412	470	11	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	470	12	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	470	13	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	470	14	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	470	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	470	16	to	to	ADP
ger-412	470	17	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	470	18	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	470	19	in	in	ADP
ger-412	470	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	470	21	earlier	early	ADJ
ger-412	470	22	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	470	23	using	use	VERB
ger-412	470	24	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	470	25	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	470	26	based	base	VERB
ger-412	470	27	methods	method	NOUN
ger-412	470	28	of	of	ADP
ger-412	470	29	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	470	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	471	1	notes	note	NOUN
ger-412	471	2	1	1	NUM
ger-412	471	3	.	.	X
ger-412	471	4	spss	spss	PROPN
ger-412	471	5	is	be	AUX
ger-412	471	6	a	a	DET
ger-412	471	7	software	software	NOUN
ger-412	471	8	package	package	NOUN
ger-412	471	9	used	use	VERB
ger-412	471	10	for	for	ADP
ger-412	471	11	statistical	statistical	ADJ
ger-412	471	12	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	471	13	that	that	PRON
ger-412	471	14	works	work	VERB
ger-412	471	15	on	on	ADP
ger-412	471	16	windows	window	NOUN
ger-412	471	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	471	18	macintosh	macintosh	NOUN
ger-412	471	19	operating	operating	NOUN
ger-412	471	20	systems	system	NOUN
ger-412	471	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	472	1	it	it	PRON
ger-412	472	2	is	be	AUX
ger-412	472	3	presently	presently	ADV
ger-412	472	4	produced	produce	VERB
ger-412	472	5	by	by	ADP
ger-412	472	6	ibm	ibm	PROPN
ger-412	472	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	472	8	2	2	NUM
ger-412	472	9	.	.	X
ger-412	472	10	hlm	hlm	PROPN
ger-412	472	11	software	software	NOUN
ger-412	472	12	is	be	AUX
ger-412	472	13	used	use	VERB
ger-412	472	14	for	for	ADP
ger-412	472	15	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	472	16	of	of	ADP
ger-412	472	17	a	a	DET
ger-412	472	18	hierarchical	hierarchical	ADJ
ger-412	472	19	linear	linear	NOUN
ger-412	472	20	model	model	NOUN
ger-412	472	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	473	1	these	these	DET
ger-412	473	2	models	model	NOUN
ger-412	473	3	provide	provide	VERB
ger-412	473	4	improved	improved	ADJ
ger-412	473	5	estimates	estimate	NOUN
ger-412	473	6	for	for	ADP
ger-412	473	7	within	within	ADP
ger-412	473	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	473	9	between	between	ADP
ger-412	473	10	groups	group	NOUN
ger-412	473	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	473	12	cross	cross	NOUN
ger-412	473	13	level	level	NOUN
ger-412	473	14	effects	effect	NOUN
ger-412	473	15	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	473	16	variance	variance	NOUN
ger-412	473	17	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	473	18	covariance	covariance	NOUN
ger-412	473	19	components	component	NOUN
ger-412	473	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	474	1	references	reference	NOUN
ger-412	474	2	bjuland	bjuland	PROPN
ger-412	474	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	474	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	474	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	474	6	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	474	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	474	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	475	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	475	2	mediating	mediate	VERB
ger-412	475	3	role	role	NOUN
ger-412	475	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	475	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	475	6	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	475	7	’s	’s	PART
ger-412	475	8	use	use	NOUN
ger-412	475	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	475	10	semiotic	semiotic	ADJ
ger-412	475	11	resources	resource	NOUN
ger-412	475	12	in	in	ADP
ger-412	475	13	pupils	pupil	NOUN
ger-412	475	14	early	early	ADV
ger-412	475	15	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	475	16	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ger-412	475	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	476	1	zdm	zdm	PROPN
ger-412	476	2	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	476	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	476	4	22	22	NUM
ger-412	476	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	476	6	665	665	NUM
ger-412	476	7	-	-	SYM
ger-412	476	8	675	675	NUM
ger-412	476	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	476	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	477	1	barungwi	barungwi	PROPN
ger-412	477	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	477	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	477	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	477	5	cele	cele	PROPN
ger-412	477	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	477	7	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	477	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	477	9	mudongo	mudongo	PROPN
ger-412	477	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	477	11	c.	c.	NOUN
ger-412	477	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	477	13	morake	morake	NOUN
ger-412	477	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	477	15	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	477	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	477	17	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	477	18	hlomani	hlomani	PROPN
ger-412	477	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	477	20	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	477	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	477	22	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	477	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	477	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	478	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	478	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	479	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	479	2	i.v.s	i.v.s	PROPN
ger-412	479	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	479	4	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	479	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	479	6	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	479	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	479	8	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	479	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	479	10	j.f	j.f	PROPN
ger-412	479	11	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	479	12	olson	olson	PROPN
ger-412	479	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	479	14	d.r	d.r	PROPN
ger-412	479	15	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	479	16	berger	berger	PROPN
ger-412	479	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	479	18	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	479	19	milne	milne	PROPN
ger-412	479	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	479	21	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	479	22	g.m	g.m	PROPN
ger-412	479	23	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	479	24	stanco	stanco	PROPN
ger-412	479	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	480	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	480	2	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	481	1	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-412	481	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	481	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	481	4	guide	guide	NOUN
ger-412	481	5	to	to	ADP
ger-412	481	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	481	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	481	8	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	481	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	481	10	around	around	ADP
ger-412	481	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	481	12	world	world	NOUN
ger-412	481	13	;	;	PUNCT
ger-412	482	1	vol	vol	NOUN
ger-412	482	2	.	.	NOUN
ger-412	482	3	1	1	NUM
ger-412	482	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	482	5	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-412	482	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	482	7	103	103	NUM
ger-412	482	8	–	–	PUNCT
ger-412	482	9	109	109	NUM
ger-412	482	10	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	482	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	483	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	483	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	483	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	483	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	483	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	483	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	483	7	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	483	8	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	483	9	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	483	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	483	11	lynch	lynch	PROPN
ger-412	483	12	school	school	PROPN
ger-412	483	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	483	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	483	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	483	16	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	483	17	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	483	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	484	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	484	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	484	3	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss200	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss200	NOUN
ger-412	484	4	7	7	NUM
ger-412	484	5	/	/	SYM
ger-412	484	6	pdf	pdf	NOUN
ger-412	484	7	/	/	SYM
ger-412	484	8	t07_enc_v1.pdf	t07_enc_v1.pdf	PROPN
ger-412	484	9	blanton	blanton	PROPN
ger-412	484	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	484	11	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	484	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	484	13	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	484	14	kaput	kaput	PROPN
ger-412	484	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	484	16	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	484	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	484	18	2004	2004	NUM
ger-412	484	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	484	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	485	1	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	485	2	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	485	3	students’capacity	students’capacity	NOUN
ger-412	485	4	for	for	ADP
ger-412	485	5	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	485	6	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	485	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	486	1	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
ger-412	486	2	of	of	ADP
ger-412	486	3	the	the	DET
ger-412	486	4	28th	28th	ADJ
ger-412	486	5	conference	conference	NOUN
ger-412	486	6	for	for	ADP
ger-412	486	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	486	8	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	486	9	group	group	NOUN
ger-412	486	10	for	for	ADP
ger-412	486	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	486	12	psychology	psychology	NOUN
ger-412	486	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	486	14	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	486	15	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	486	16	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	486	17	vol.2	vol.2	PROPN
ger-412	486	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	486	19	pp	pp	ADP
ger-412	486	20	135	135	NUM
ger-412	486	21	-	-	SYM
ger-412	486	22	142	142	NUM
ger-412	486	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	486	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	487	1	blanton	blanton	PROPN
ger-412	487	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	487	3	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	487	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	487	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	487	6	kaput	kaput	PROPN
ger-412	487	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	487	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	487	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	487	10	2005	2005	NUM
ger-412	487	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	487	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	488	1	characterizing	characterize	VERB
ger-412	488	2	a	a	DET
ger-412	488	3	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-412	488	4	practice	practice	NOUN
ger-412	488	5	that	that	PRON
ger-412	488	6	promotes	promote	VERB
ger-412	488	7	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	488	8	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ger-412	488	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	489	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-412	489	2	for	for	ADP
ger-412	489	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	489	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	489	5	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	489	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	489	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	8	36(5	36(5	NUM
ger-412	489	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	489	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	11	412–446	412–446	NUM
ger-412	489	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	489	13	blanton	blanton	PROPN
ger-412	489	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	15	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	489	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	17	stephens	stephens	PROPN
ger-412	489	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	19	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	489	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	21	knuth	knuth	PROPN
ger-412	489	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	23	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	489	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	25	gardnier	gardnier	PROPN
ger-412	489	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	27	a.m.	a.m.	ADV
ger-412	489	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	29	isler	isler	PROPN
ger-412	489	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	31	i.	i.	PROPN
ger-412	489	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	33	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	489	34	kim	kim	PROPN
ger-412	489	35	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	489	36	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	489	37	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	489	38	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	489	39	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	489	40	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	490	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	490	2	development	development	NOUN
ger-412	490	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	490	4	children	child	NOUN
ger-412	490	5	’s	’s	PART
ger-412	490	6	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	490	7	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	490	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	490	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	490	10	impact	impact	NOUN
ger-412	490	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	490	12	a	a	DET
ger-412	490	13	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ger-412	490	14	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	490	15	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	490	16	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ger-412	490	17	in	in	ADP
ger-412	490	18	third	third	ADJ
ger-412	490	19	grade	grade	NOUN
ger-412	490	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	491	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-412	491	2	for	for	ADP
ger-412	491	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	491	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	491	5	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	491	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	491	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	491	8	46(1	46(1	PRON
ger-412	491	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	491	10	blömeke	blömeke	PROPN
ger-412	491	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	491	12	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	491	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	491	14	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	491	15	delaney	delaney	PROPN
ger-412	491	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	491	17	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	491	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	491	19	2014	2014	NUM
ger-412	491	20	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	491	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	492	1	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-412	492	2	of	of	ADP
ger-412	492	3	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	492	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-412	492	5	across	across	ADP
ger-412	492	6	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	492	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	492	8	a	a	DET
ger-412	492	9	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	492	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	492	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	492	12	state	state	NOUN
ger-412	492	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	492	14	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	492	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	493	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	493	2	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	493	3	blömeke	blömeke	PROPN
ger-412	493	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	493	5	f.-j	f.-j	PROPN
ger-412	493	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	494	1	hsieh	hsieh	PROPN
ger-412	494	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	494	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-412	494	4	kaiser	kaiser	PROPN
ger-412	494	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	494	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	494	7	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-412	494	8	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	494	9	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	494	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	494	11	eds	eds	PROPN
ger-412	494	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	494	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	494	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	494	15	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	494	16	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ger-412	494	17	on	on	ADP
ger-412	494	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	494	19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-412	494	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	494	21	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-412	494	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	494	23	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	494	24	to	to	PART
ger-412	494	25	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	494	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	494	27	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-412	494	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	495	1	541–585	541–585	NUM
ger-412	495	2	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	495	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	496	1	springer	springer	PROPN
ger-412	496	2	netherlands	netherlands	PROPN
ger-412	496	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	496	4	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	496	5	from	from	ADP
ger-412	496	6	http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1	http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1	PROPN
ger-412	496	7	007/978	007/978	PROPN
ger-412	496	8	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	496	9	94	94	NUM
ger-412	496	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	496	11	007	007	NUM
ger-412	496	12	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	496	13	6437	6437	NUM
ger-412	496	14	-	-	SYM
ger-412	496	15	8_25	8_25	NUM
ger-412	496	16	carnoy	carnoy	NOUN
ger-412	496	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	496	18	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	496	19	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	496	20	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	496	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	496	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	497	1	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	497	2	test	test	NOUN
ger-412	497	3	score	score	NOUN
ger-412	497	4	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	497	5	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	497	6	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	497	7	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	497	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	497	9	a	a	DET
ger-412	497	10	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	497	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	497	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	497	13	critiques	critique	NOUN
ger-412	497	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	498	1	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	498	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	498	3	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	498	4	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	498	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	499	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	499	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	499	3	http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication	http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication	NOUN
ger-412	499	4	/international	/international	ADJ
ger-412	499	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	499	6	test	test	NOUN
ger-412	499	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	499	8	scores	score	NOUN
ger-412	499	9	chan	chan	PROPN
ger-412	499	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	499	11	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	499	12	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	499	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	499	14	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	499	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	499	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	500	1	how	how	SCONJ
ger-412	500	2	do	do	AUX
ger-412	500	3	they	they	PRON
ger-412	500	4	grow	grow	VERB
ger-412	500	5	?	?	PUNCT
ger-412	501	1	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	501	2	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	501	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	501	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	501	5	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-412	501	6	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	501	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	501	8	20(9),548	20(9),548	NUM
ger-412	501	9	-	-	SYM
ger-412	501	10	555	555	NUM
ger-412	501	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	502	1	chee	chee	NOUN
ger-412	502	2	et	et	NOUN
ger-412	502	3	al	al	PROPN
ger-412	502	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	503	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	503	2	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	503	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	503	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	504	1	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	504	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	505	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	505	2	i.	i.	PROPN
ger-412	505	3	v.	v.	PROPN
ger-412	505	4	s	s	PROPN
ger-412	505	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	505	6	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	505	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	505	8	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	505	9	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	505	10	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	505	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	505	12	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	505	13	goh	goh	PROPN
ger-412	505	14	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	505	15	k.cotter	k.cotter	PROPN
ger-412	505	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	505	17	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	505	18	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	505	19	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-412	505	20	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	505	21	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	505	22	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	505	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	505	24	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	505	25	in	in	ADP
ger-412	505	26	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	505	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	505	28	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	505	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	506	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	506	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	506	3	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	506	4	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	506	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	506	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	506	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	506	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	506	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	506	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	506	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	506	12	website	website	NOUN
ger-412	506	13	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	506	14	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	VERB
ger-412	506	15	5	5	NUM
ger-412	506	16	/	/	SYM
ger-412	506	17	encyclopedia/	encyclopedia/	NUM
ger-412	506	18	chin	chin	NOUN
ger-412	506	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	506	20	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	506	21	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-412	506	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	506	23	chua	chua	PROPN
ger-412	506	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	506	25	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	506	26	k.-y	k.-y	PROPN
ger-412	506	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	507	1	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	2	chua	chua	PROPN
ger-412	507	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	4	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-412	507	5	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	507	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	7	foo	foo	PROPN
ger-412	507	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	9	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	507	10	f.	f.	PROPN
ger-412	507	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	12	loh	loh	PROPN
ger-412	507	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	14	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	507	15	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-412	507	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	17	poon	poon	NOUN
ger-412	507	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	19	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	507	20	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	507	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	22	…	…	PUNCT
ger-412	507	23	yen	yen	NOUN
ger-412	507	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	507	25	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-412	507	26	http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6437-8_25	http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6437-8_25	PROPN
ger-412	507	27	http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6437-8_25	http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-6437-8_25	VERB
ger-412	507	28	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	507	29	to	to	PART
ger-412	507	30	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	507	31	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	507	32	53	53	NUM
ger-412	507	33	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-412	507	34	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	507	35	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	507	36	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	507	37	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	508	1	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	508	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	509	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	509	2	i.v.s	i.v.s	PROPN
ger-412	509	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	509	4	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	509	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	509	6	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	509	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	509	8	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	509	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	509	10	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	509	11	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	509	12	minnich	minnich	PROPN
ger-412	509	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	509	14	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-412	509	15	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	509	16	stanco	stanco	PROPN
ger-412	509	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	509	18	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	509	19	arora	arora	PROPN
ger-412	509	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	509	21	v.	v.	ADP
ger-412	509	22	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	509	23	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	509	24	centrino	centrino	PROPN
ger-412	509	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	509	26	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	509	27	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	509	28	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	509	29	castle	castle	PROPN
ger-412	509	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	510	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	510	2	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	510	3	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-412	510	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	510	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	510	6	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	510	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	510	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	510	9	in	in	ADP
ger-412	510	10	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	510	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	510	12	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	510	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	511	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	511	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	511	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	511	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	511	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	511	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	511	7	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	511	8	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	511	9	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	511	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	511	11	lynch	lynch	PROPN
ger-412	511	12	school	school	PROPN
ger-412	511	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	511	14	education	education	PROPN
ger-412	511	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	511	16	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	511	17	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	511	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	512	1	retrieve	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	512	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	512	3	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	VERB
ger-412	512	4	1	1	NUM
ger-412	512	5	/	/	SYM
ger-412	512	6	downloads	download	NOUN
ger-412	512	7	/	/	SYM
ger-412	512	8	timss2011_enc	timss2011_enc	NOUN
ger-412	512	9	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	512	10	v2.pdf	v2.pdf	NOUN
ger-412	512	11	common	common	ADJ
ger-412	512	12	core	core	NOUN
ger-412	512	13	state	state	NOUN
ger-412	512	14	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-412	512	15	initiative	initiative	NOUN
ger-412	512	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	513	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	513	2	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	513	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	513	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	514	1	common	common	ADJ
ger-412	514	2	core	core	NOUN
ger-412	514	3	state	state	NOUN
ger-412	514	4	standards	standard	NOUN
ger-412	514	5	for	for	ADP
ger-412	514	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	514	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	515	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	515	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	515	3	http://www.corestandards.org/	http://www.corestandards.org/	ADJ
ger-412	515	4	desimone	desimone	PROPN
ger-412	515	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	515	6	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	515	7	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	515	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	515	9	smith	smith	PROPN
ger-412	515	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	515	11	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	515	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	515	13	baker	baker	PROPN
ger-412	515	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	515	15	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	515	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	515	17	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	515	18	ueno	ueno	PROPN
ger-412	515	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	515	20	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-412	515	21	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	515	22	2005	2005	NUM
ger-412	515	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	515	24	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	516	1	assessing	assess	VERB
ger-412	516	2	barriers	barrier	NOUN
ger-412	516	3	to	to	ADP
ger-412	516	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	516	5	reform	reform	NOUN
ger-412	516	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	516	7	u.s	u.s	PROPN
ger-412	516	8	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	516	9	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	516	10	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	516	11	from	from	ADP
ger-412	516	12	an	an	DET
ger-412	516	13	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	516	14	perspective	perspective	NOUN
ger-412	516	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	517	1	american	american	ADJ
ger-412	517	2	educational	educational	PROPN
ger-412	517	3	research	research	PROPN
ger-412	517	4	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-412	517	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	517	6	42(3	42(3	NUM
ger-412	517	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	517	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	517	9	501–535	501–535	NUM
ger-412	517	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	518	1	floden	floden	PROPN
ger-412	518	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	518	3	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	518	4	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	518	5	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	518	6	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	518	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	518	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	519	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	519	2	measurement	measurement	NOUN
ger-412	519	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	519	4	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	519	5	to	to	PART
ger-412	519	6	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	519	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	520	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	520	2	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	520	3	porter	porter	PROPN
ger-412	520	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	521	1	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	521	2	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	521	3	gamoran	gamoran	PROPN
ger-412	521	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	521	5	methodological	methodological	ADJ
ger-412	521	6	advances	advance	NOUN
ger-412	521	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	521	8	cross	cross	ADJ
ger-412	521	9	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	521	10	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	521	11	surveys	survey	NOUN
ger-412	521	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	521	13	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	521	14	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	521	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	522	1	washington	washington	PROPN
ger-412	522	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	522	3	dc	dc	PROPN
ger-412	522	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	522	5	national	national	PROPN
ger-412	522	6	academies	academies	PROPN
ger-412	522	7	press	press	PROPN
ger-412	522	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	523	1	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	523	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	523	3	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-412	523	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	523	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	523	6	olson	olson	PROPN
ger-412	523	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	523	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	523	9	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	523	10	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	523	11	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	523	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	524	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	524	2	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	525	1	user	user	NOUN
ger-412	525	2	guide	guide	NOUN
ger-412	525	3	for	for	ADP
ger-412	525	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	525	5	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	525	6	database	database	NOUN
ger-412	525	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	526	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	526	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	526	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	526	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	526	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	526	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	526	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	526	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	526	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	526	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	526	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	526	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	527	1	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	527	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	527	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	528	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	528	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	528	3	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss200	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss200	NOUN
ger-412	528	4	7	7	NUM
ger-412	528	5	/	/	SYM
ger-412	528	6	idb_ug.html	idb_ug.html	PROPN
ger-412	528	7	gardiner	gardiner	NOUN
ger-412	528	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	528	9	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	528	10	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	528	11	sawrey	sawrey	PROPN
ger-412	528	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	528	13	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-412	528	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	528	15	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	528	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	528	17	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	528	18	graders	grader	NOUN
ger-412	528	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	528	20	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	528	21	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	528	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	528	23	part	part	NOUN
ger-412	528	24	1	1	NUM
ger-412	529	1	[	[	X
ger-412	529	2	web	web	NOUN
ger-412	529	3	log	log	NOUN
ger-412	529	4	post	post	NOUN
ger-412	529	5	]	]	X
ger-412	529	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	530	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	530	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	530	3	http://www.nctm.org/publications/te	http://www.nctm.org/publications/te	NOUN
ger-412	530	4	aching	aching	NOUN
ger-412	530	5	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	530	6	childrenmathematics	childrenmathematic	NOUN
ger-412	530	7	/	/	SYM
ger-412	530	8	blog	blog	NOUN
ger-412	530	9	/	/	SYM
ger-412	530	10	first	first	ADJ
ger-412	530	11	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	530	12	graders	grader	NOUN
ger-412	530	13	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	530	14	andfunctional	andfunctional	ADJ
ger-412	530	15	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	530	16	thinking,-part-1/	thinking,-part-1/	NOUN
ger-412	530	17	graham	graham	PROPN
ger-412	530	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	530	19	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	530	20	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	530	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	530	22	frederick	frederick	PROPN
ger-412	530	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	530	24	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	530	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	530	26	byarswinston	byarswinston	PROPN
ger-412	530	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	530	28	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-412	530	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	530	30	hunter	hunter	NOUN
ger-412	530	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	530	32	a.-b	a.-b	PROPN
ger-412	530	33	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	530	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	530	35	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	530	36	handelsman	handelsman	PROPN
ger-412	530	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	530	38	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	530	39	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	530	40	2013	2013	NUM
ger-412	530	41	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	530	42	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	531	1	increasing	increase	VERB
ger-412	531	2	persistence	persistence	NOUN
ger-412	531	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	531	4	college	college	NOUN
ger-412	531	5	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	531	6	in	in	ADP
ger-412	531	7	stem	stem	NOUN
ger-412	531	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	532	1	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	532	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	532	3	341(6153	341(6153	NUM
ger-412	532	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	532	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	532	6	1455–1456	1455–1456	NOUN
ger-412	532	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	533	1	doi	doi	NOUN
ger-412	533	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	533	3	10.1126	10.1126	NUM
ger-412	533	4	/	/	SYM
ger-412	533	5	science.1240487	science.1240487	PROPN
ger-412	533	6	guiton	guiton	NOUN
ger-412	533	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	533	8	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-412	533	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	533	10	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	533	11	oakes	oakes	PROPN
ger-412	533	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	533	13	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	533	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	533	15	1995	1995	NUM
ger-412	533	16	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	533	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	534	1	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	534	2	to	to	PART
ger-412	534	3	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	534	4	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	534	5	conceptions	conception	NOUN
ger-412	534	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	534	7	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	534	8	equality	equality	NOUN
ger-412	534	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	535	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	535	2	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ger-412	535	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	535	4	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	535	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	535	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	535	7	17(3	17(3	NUM
ger-412	535	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	535	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	535	10	323–336	323–336	NUM
ger-412	535	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	536	1	ibm	ibm	PROPN
ger-412	536	2	corporation	corporation	NOUN
ger-412	536	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	537	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	537	2	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	537	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	537	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	538	1	ibm	ibm	PROPN
ger-412	538	2	spss	spss	PROPN
ger-412	538	3	statistics	statistic	NOUN
ger-412	538	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	538	5	version	version	NOUN
ger-412	538	6	20.0	20.0	NUM
ger-412	538	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	538	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	539	1	somers	somer	NOUN
ger-412	539	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	539	3	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-412	539	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	539	5	author	author	NOUN
ger-412	539	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	540	1	kaur	kaur	PROPN
ger-412	540	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	540	3	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-412	540	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	540	5	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	540	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	540	7	march	march	PROPN
ger-412	540	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	540	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	541	1	developing	develop	VERB
ger-412	541	2	procedural	procedural	ADJ
ger-412	541	3	fluency	fluency	NOUN
ger-412	541	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	541	5	algebraic	algebraic	ADJ
ger-412	541	6	structures	structure	NOUN
ger-412	541	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	541	8	a	a	DET
ger-412	541	9	case	case	NOUN
ger-412	541	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	541	11	of	of	ADP
ger-412	541	12	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN
ger-412	541	13	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-412	541	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	541	15	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	541	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	542	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	542	2	cross	cross	ADJ
ger-412	542	3	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	542	4	cultural	cultural	ADJ
ger-412	542	5	comparisons	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	542	6	in	in	ADP
ger-412	542	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	542	8	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	542	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	542	10	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	542	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	543	1	symposium	symposium	NOUN
ger-412	543	2	conducted	conduct	VERB
ger-412	543	3	at	at	ADP
ger-412	543	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	543	5	american	american	PROPN
ger-412	543	6	educational	educational	PROPN
ger-412	543	7	research	research	PROPN
ger-412	543	8	association	association	PROPN
ger-412	543	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	543	10	new	new	PROPN
ger-412	543	11	york	york	PROPN
ger-412	543	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	544	1	keene	keene	PROPN
ger-412	544	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	544	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	544	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	544	5	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	544	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	544	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	545	1	usa	usa	PROPN
ger-412	545	2	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	546	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	546	2	i.v.s	i.v.s	PROPN
ger-412	546	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	547	1	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	547	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	547	3	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	547	4	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	547	5	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	547	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	547	7	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	547	8	f.	f.	PROPN
ger-412	547	9	olson	olson	PROPN
ger-412	547	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	547	11	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	547	12	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	547	13	berger	berger	PROPN
ger-412	547	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	547	15	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	547	16	milne	milne	PROPN
ger-412	547	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	547	18	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	547	19	g.m	g.m	PROPN
ger-412	547	20	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	547	21	stanco	stanco	PROPN
ger-412	547	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	548	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	548	2	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	549	1	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-412	549	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	549	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	549	4	guide	guide	NOUN
ger-412	549	5	to	to	ADP
ger-412	549	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	549	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	549	8	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	549	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	549	10	around	around	ADP
ger-412	549	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	549	12	world	world	NOUN
ger-412	549	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	549	14	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-412	549	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	550	1	621–634	621–634	NUM
ger-412	550	2	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	550	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	551	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	551	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	551	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	551	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	551	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	551	7	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	551	8	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	551	9	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	551	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	11	lynch	lynch	PROPN
ger-412	551	12	school	school	PROPN
ger-412	551	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	551	14	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	551	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	16	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	551	17	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	551	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	551	19	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	551	20	from	from	ADP
ger-412	551	21	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	VERB
ger-412	551	22	1	1	NUM
ger-412	551	23	/	/	SYM
ger-412	551	24	downloads	download	NOUN
ger-412	551	25	/	/	SYM
ger-412	551	26	timss2011_enc	timss2011_enc	NOUN
ger-412	551	27	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	551	28	v2.pdf	v2.pdf	NOUN
ger-412	551	29	kesamang	kesamang	PROPN
ger-412	551	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	31	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	551	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	33	mudongo	mudongo	PROPN
ger-412	551	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	35	c.	c.	NOUN
ger-412	551	36	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	37	keatimilwe	keatimilwe	NOUN
ger-412	551	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	39	o.	o.	PROPN
ger-412	551	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	41	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	551	42	bolaane	bolaane	PROPN
ger-412	551	43	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	551	44	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	551	45	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	551	46	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	551	47	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	551	48	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	552	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	552	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	553	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	553	2	i.v.s	i.v.s	PROPN
ger-412	553	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	553	4	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	553	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	553	6	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	553	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	553	8	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	553	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	553	10	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	553	11	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	553	12	minnich	minnich	PROPN
ger-412	553	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	553	14	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-412	553	15	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	553	16	stanco	stanco	PROPN
ger-412	553	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	553	18	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	553	19	arora	arora	PROPN
ger-412	553	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	553	21	v.	v.	ADP
ger-412	553	22	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	553	23	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	553	24	centrino	centrino	PROPN
ger-412	553	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	553	26	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	553	27	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	553	28	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	553	29	castle	castle	PROPN
ger-412	553	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	554	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	554	2	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-412	554	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	554	4	a	a	DET
ger-412	554	5	guide	guide	NOUN
ger-412	554	6	to	to	ADP
ger-412	554	7	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	554	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	554	9	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	554	10	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	554	11	around	around	ADP
ger-412	554	12	the	the	DET
ger-412	554	13	world	world	NOUN
ger-412	554	14	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	554	15	vol	vol	NOUN
ger-412	554	16	.	.	NOUN
ger-412	555	1	1	1	NUM
ger-412	555	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	555	3	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-412	555	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	556	1	177	177	NUM
ger-412	556	2	–	–	PUNCT
ger-412	556	3	190	190	NUM
ger-412	556	4	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	556	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	557	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	557	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	557	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	557	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	557	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	557	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	557	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	557	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	557	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	557	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	557	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	557	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	557	13	lynch	lynch	PROPN
ger-412	557	14	school	school	PROPN
ger-412	557	15	of	of	ADP
ger-412	557	16	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	557	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	557	18	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	557	19	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	557	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	557	21	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	557	22	from	from	ADP
ger-412	557	23	54	54	NUM
ger-412	557	24	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	557	25	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	557	26	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	557	27	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	557	28	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	557	29	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	VERB
ger-412	557	30	1	1	NUM
ger-412	557	31	/	/	SYM
ger-412	557	32	downloads	download	NOUN
ger-412	557	33	/	/	SYM
ger-412	557	34	timss2011_enc	timss2011_enc	NOUN
ger-412	557	35	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	557	36	v1.pdf	v1.pdf	NOUN
ger-412	557	37	kieran	kieran	PROPN
ger-412	557	38	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	557	39	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	557	40	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	557	41	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	557	42	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	557	43	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	558	1	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	558	2	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	558	3	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	558	4	of	of	ADP
ger-412	558	5	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	558	6	at	at	ADP
ger-412	558	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	558	8	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-412	558	9	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	558	10	through	through	ADP
ger-412	558	11	college	college	NOUN
ger-412	558	12	levels	level	NOUN
ger-412	558	13	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	558	14	building	build	VERB
ger-412	558	15	meaning	meaning	NOUN
ger-412	558	16	for	for	ADP
ger-412	558	17	symbols	symbol	NOUN
ger-412	558	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	558	19	their	their	PRON
ger-412	558	20	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
ger-412	558	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	559	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	559	2	f.	f.	PROPN
ger-412	559	3	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-412	559	4	lester	lester	PROPN
ger-412	559	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	559	6	jr	jr	PROPN
ger-412	559	7	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	559	8	eds	ed	NOUN
ger-412	559	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	559	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	560	1	second	second	ADJ
ger-412	560	2	handbook	handbook	NOUN
ger-412	560	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	560	4	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	560	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	560	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	560	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	560	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	560	9	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	560	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	560	11	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-412	560	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	561	1	707–762	707–762	NUM
ger-412	561	2	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	561	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	562	1	charlotte	charlotte	PROPN
ger-412	562	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	562	3	nc	nc	PROPN
ger-412	562	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	562	5	information	information	NOUN
ger-412	562	6	age	age	NOUN
ger-412	562	7	publishing	publishing	NOUN
ger-412	562	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	563	1	knuth	knuth	PROPN
ger-412	563	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	563	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	563	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	563	5	stephens	stephens	PROPN
ger-412	563	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	563	7	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	563	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	563	9	blanton	blanton	PROPN
ger-412	563	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	563	11	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	563	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	563	13	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	563	14	gardiner	gardiner	PROPN
ger-412	563	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	563	16	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-412	563	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	563	18	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	563	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	563	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	564	1	build	build	VERB
ger-412	564	2	an	an	DET
ger-412	564	3	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	564	4	foundation	foundation	NOUN
ger-412	564	5	for	for	ADP
ger-412	564	6	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	564	7	success	success	NOUN
ger-412	564	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	565	1	phi	phi	NOUN
ger-412	565	2	delta	delta	NOUN
ger-412	565	3	kappan	kappan	PROPN
ger-412	565	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	565	5	97(6	97(6	NUM
ger-412	565	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	565	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	565	8	65–68	65–68	NUM
ger-412	565	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	565	10	laroche	laroche	PROPN
ger-412	565	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	565	12	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	565	13	joncas	joncas	PROPN
ger-412	565	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	565	15	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	565	16	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	565	17	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	565	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	565	19	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-412	565	20	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	565	21	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	565	22	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	565	23	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	566	1	sample	sample	NOUN
ger-412	566	2	design	design	NOUN
ger-412	566	3	in	in	ADP
ger-412	566	4	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	566	5	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	566	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	567	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	567	2	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	567	3	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	567	4	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	567	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	567	6	i.v.s	i.v.s	PROPN
ger-412	567	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	567	8	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	567	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	567	10	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	567	11	hooper	hooper	PROPN
ger-412	567	12	methods	method	NOUN
ger-412	567	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	567	14	procedures	procedure	NOUN
ger-412	567	15	in	in	ADP
ger-412	567	16	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	567	17	2015(pp	2015(pp	NUM
ger-412	567	18	3.1	3.1	NUM
ger-412	567	19	-	-	SYM
ger-412	567	20	3.26	3.26	NUM
ger-412	567	21	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	567	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	568	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	568	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	568	3	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	568	4	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	568	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	568	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	568	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	568	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	568	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	568	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	568	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	568	12	website	website	NOUN
ger-412	568	13	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	568	14	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss/20	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss/20	PROPN
ger-412	568	15	15-methods.html	15-methods.html	NUM
ger-412	568	16	macgregor	macgregor	PROPN
ger-412	568	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	568	18	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	568	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	568	20	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	568	21	price	price	NOUN
ger-412	568	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	568	23	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	568	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	568	25	2003	2003	NUM
ger-412	568	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	568	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	569	1	an	an	DET
ger-412	569	2	exploration	exploration	NOUN
ger-412	569	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	569	4	language	language	NOUN
ger-412	569	5	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
ger-412	569	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	569	7	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	569	8	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	569	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	570	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ger-412	570	2	for	for	ADP
ger-412	570	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	570	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	570	5	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	570	6	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	570	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	570	8	30(4	30(4	NUM
ger-412	570	9	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	570	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	570	11	449–467	449–467	NUM
ger-412	570	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	570	13	malley	malley	PROPN
ger-412	570	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	570	15	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	570	16	,neidorf	,neidorf	PROPN
ger-412	570	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	570	18	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	570	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	570	20	arora	arora	PROPN
ger-412	570	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	570	22	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	570	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	570	24	kroeger	kroeger	PROPN
ger-412	570	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	570	26	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	570	27	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	570	28	american	american	PROPN
ger-412	570	29	institutes	institutes	PROPN
ger-412	570	30	of	of	ADP
ger-412	570	31	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	570	32	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	570	33	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	570	34	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	570	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	571	1	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	571	2	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	571	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	572	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	572	2	i.	i.	PROPN
ger-412	572	3	v.	v.	PROPN
ger-412	572	4	s	s	PROPN
ger-412	572	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	572	6	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	572	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	572	8	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	572	9	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	572	10	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	572	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	572	12	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	572	13	goh	goh	PROPN
ger-412	572	14	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	572	15	k.cotter	k.cotter	PROPN
ger-412	572	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	572	17	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	572	18	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	572	19	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-412	572	20	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	572	21	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	572	22	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	572	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	572	24	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	572	25	in	in	ADP
ger-412	572	26	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	572	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	572	28	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	572	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	573	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	573	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	573	3	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	573	4	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	573	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	573	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	573	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	573	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	573	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	573	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	573	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	573	12	website	website	NOUN
ger-412	573	13	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	573	14	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	VERB
ger-412	573	15	5	5	NUM
ger-412	573	16	/	/	SYM
ger-412	573	17	encyclopedia/	encyclopedia/	NUM
ger-412	573	18	martínez	martínez	NOUN
ger-412	573	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	573	20	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	573	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	573	22	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	573	23	brizuela	brizuela	PROPN
ger-412	573	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	573	25	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-412	573	26	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	573	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	573	28	2006	2006	NUM
ger-412	573	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	573	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	574	1	a	a	DET
ger-412	574	2	third	third	ADJ
ger-412	574	3	grader	grader	NOUN
ger-412	574	4	’s	’s	PART
ger-412	574	5	way	way	NOUN
ger-412	574	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	574	7	thinking	think	VERB
ger-412	574	8	about	about	ADP
ger-412	574	9	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	574	10	function	function	NOUN
ger-412	574	11	tables	table	NOUN
ger-412	574	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	575	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	575	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-412	575	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	575	4	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ger-412	575	5	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ger-412	575	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	7	25(4	25(4	NOUN
ger-412	575	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	575	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	10	285	285	NUM
ger-412	575	11	–	–	PUNCT
ger-412	575	12	298	298	NUM
ger-412	575	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	575	14	masole	masole	PROPN
ger-412	575	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	16	t.	t.	NOUN
ger-412	575	17	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	575	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	19	gabalebatse	gabalebatse	NOUN
ger-412	575	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	21	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	575	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	23	guga	guga	NOUN
ger-412	575	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	25	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	575	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	27	pharithi	pharithi	PROPN
ger-412	575	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	29	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	575	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	31	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	575	32	examination	examination	PROPN
ger-412	575	33	council	council	PROPN
ger-412	575	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	575	35	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	575	36	2016	2016	NUM
ger-412	575	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	575	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	576	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	576	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	577	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	577	2	i.	i.	PROPN
ger-412	577	3	v.	v.	PROPN
ger-412	577	4	s	s	PROPN
ger-412	577	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	577	6	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	577	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	577	8	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	577	9	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	577	10	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	577	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	577	12	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	577	13	goh	goh	PROPN
ger-412	577	14	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	577	15	k.cotter	k.cotter	PROPN
ger-412	577	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	577	17	timss	timss	NOUN
ger-412	577	18	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	577	19	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-412	577	20	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	577	21	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	577	22	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	577	23	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	577	24	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	577	25	in	in	ADP
ger-412	577	26	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	577	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	577	28	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	577	29	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	578	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	578	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	578	3	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	578	4	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	578	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	578	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	578	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	578	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	578	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	578	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	578	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	578	12	website	website	NOUN
ger-412	578	13	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	578	14	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	VERB
ger-412	578	15	5	5	NUM
ger-412	578	16	/	/	SYM
ger-412	578	17	encyclopedia/	encyclopedia/	NUM
ger-412	578	18	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ger-412	578	19	of	of	ADP
ger-412	578	20	education	education	PROPN
ger-412	578	21	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	578	22	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	579	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	579	2	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	579	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	579	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	580	1	botswana	botswana	PROPN
ger-412	580	2	junior	junior	PROPN
ger-412	580	3	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	580	4	syllabus	syllabus	NOUN
ger-412	580	5	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	581	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	581	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	581	3	www.moe.gov.bw	www.moe.gov.bw	PROPN
ger-412	581	4	ministry	ministry	PROPN
ger-412	581	5	of	of	ADP
ger-412	581	6	education	education	PROPN
ger-412	581	7	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	581	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	582	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	582	2	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	582	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	582	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	583	1	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	583	2	syllabus	syllabus	PROPN
ger-412	583	3	primary	primary	NOUN
ger-412	583	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	584	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	584	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	584	3	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default	NUM
ger-412	584	4	source	source	NOUN
ger-412	584	5	/	/	SYM
ger-412	584	6	document	document	NOUN
ger-412	584	7	/	/	SYM
ger-412	584	8	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	584	9	/	/	SYM
ger-412	584	10	syllabus	syllabus	NOUN
ger-412	584	11	es	es	NOUN
ger-412	584	12	/	/	SYM
ger-412	584	13	sciences	science	NOUN
ger-412	584	14	/	/	SYM
ger-412	584	15	files/2007	files/2007	ADJ
ger-412	584	16	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	584	17	mathematics(primary)-syllabus.pdf	mathematics(primary)-syllabus.pdf	PROPN
ger-412	584	18	moses	moses	PROPN
ger-412	584	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	584	20	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	584	21	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-412	584	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	584	23	kamii	kamii	PROPN
ger-412	584	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	584	25	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	584	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	584	27	swap	swap	NOUN
ger-412	584	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	584	29	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	584	30	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	584	31	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	584	32	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	584	33	howard	howard	PROPN
ger-412	584	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	584	35	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	584	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	584	37	1989	1989	NUM
ger-412	584	38	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	584	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	585	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	585	2	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	585	3	project	project	NOUN
ger-412	585	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	585	5	organizing	organize	VERB
ger-412	585	6	in	in	ADP
ger-412	585	7	the	the	DET
ger-412	585	8	spirit	spirit	NOUN
ger-412	585	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	585	10	ella	ella	PROPN
ger-412	585	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	586	1	harvard	harvard	PROPN
ger-412	586	2	educational	educational	PROPN
ger-412	586	3	review	review	PROPN
ger-412	586	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	586	5	59(4	59(4	NUM
ger-412	586	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	586	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	586	8	423	423	NUM
ger-412	586	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	586	10	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	586	11	from	from	ADP
ger-412	586	12	https://search.proquest.com/docview	https://search.proquest.com/docview	PROPN
ger-412	586	13	/212244244?accountid=10610	/212244244?accountid=10610	NUM
ger-412	586	14	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	586	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	586	16	i.	i.	PROPN
ger-412	586	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	586	18	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	586	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	586	20	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	586	21	o.	o.	PROPN
ger-412	586	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	586	23	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	586	24	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	586	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	586	26	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-412	586	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	586	28	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	586	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	586	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	587	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	587	2	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	587	3	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	587	4	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	587	5	report	report	NOUN
ger-412	587	6	 	 	SPACE
ger-412	587	7	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	587	8	findings	finding	NOUN
ger-412	587	9	from	from	ADP
ger-412	587	10	iea	iea	NOUN
ger-412	587	11	’s	’s	PART
ger-412	587	12	trends	trend	NOUN
ger-412	587	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	587	14	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	587	15	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	587	16	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	587	17	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	587	18	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	587	19	at	at	ADP
ger-412	587	20	the	the	DET
ger-412	587	21	fourth	fourth	ADJ
ger-412	587	22	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	587	23	eighth	eighth	ADJ
ger-412	587	24	grades	grade	NOUN
ger-412	587	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	588	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	588	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	588	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	588	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	588	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	588	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	588	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	588	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	588	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	588	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	588	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	588	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	589	1	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	589	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	589	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	589	4	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	589	5	from	from	ADP
ger-412	589	6	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/mathr	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/mathr	PROPN
ger-412	589	7	eport.html	eport.html	PROPN
ger-412	589	8	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	589	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	589	10	i.	i.	PROPN
ger-412	589	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	589	12	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	589	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	589	14	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	589	15	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	589	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	589	17	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	589	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	589	19	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-412	589	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	589	21	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	589	22	arora	arora	PROPN
ger-412	589	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	589	24	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-412	589	25	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	589	26	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	589	27	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	589	28	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	590	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	590	2	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	590	3	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	590	4	results	result	NOUN
ger-412	590	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	590	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	590	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	591	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	591	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	591	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	591	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	591	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	591	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	591	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	591	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	591	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	591	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	591	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	591	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	592	1	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	592	2	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	PROPN
ger-412	592	3	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	NOUN
ger-412	592	4	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	NOUN
ger-412	592	5	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	NOUN
ger-412	592	6	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	https://www.moe.gov.sg/docs/default-source/document/education/syllabuses/sciences/files/2007-mathematics-(primary)-syllabus.pdf	NOUN
ger-412	592	7	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/mathreport.html	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/mathreport.html	VERB
ger-412	592	8	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/mathreport.html	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/mathreport.html	VERB
ger-412	592	9	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	592	10	to	to	PART
ger-412	592	11	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	592	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	592	13	55	55	NUM
ger-412	592	14	college	college	NOUN
ger-412	592	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	593	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	593	2	from	from	ADP
ger-412	593	3	https://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss20	https://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss20	PROPN
ger-412	593	4	11	11	NUM
ger-412	593	5	/	/	SYM
ger-412	593	6	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	593	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	593	8	resultsmathematics.html	resultsmathematics.html	NOUN
ger-412	593	9	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	593	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	593	11	i.	i.	PROPN
ger-412	593	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	593	13	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	593	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	593	15	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	593	16	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	593	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	593	18	foy	foy	PROPN
ger-412	593	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	593	20	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-412	593	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	593	22	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	593	23	hooper	hooper	PROPN
ger-412	593	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	593	25	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	593	26	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	593	27	2016).timss	2016).timss	PROPN
ger-412	593	28	2015	2015	NUM
ger-412	593	29	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	593	30	results	result	NOUN
ger-412	593	31	in	in	ADP
ger-412	593	32	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	593	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	594	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	594	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	594	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	594	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	594	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	594	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	594	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	594	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	594	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	594	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	594	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	594	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	595	1	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	595	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	595	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	595	4	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	595	5	from	from	ADP
ger-412	595	6	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	VERB
ger-412	595	7	5	5	NUM
ger-412	595	8	/	/	SYM
ger-412	595	9	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	595	10	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	595	11	results/	results/	NUM
ger-412	595	12	nofre	nofre	NOUN
ger-412	595	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	595	14	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	595	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	595	16	priestley	priestley	NOUN
ger-412	595	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	595	18	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	595	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	595	20	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	595	21	alberts	alberts	PROPN
ger-412	595	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	595	23	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-412	595	24	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	595	25	2014	2014	NUM
ger-412	595	26	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	595	27	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	596	1	when	when	SCONJ
ger-412	596	2	technology	technology	NOUN
ger-412	596	3	became	become	VERB
ger-412	596	4	language	language	NOUN
ger-412	596	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	596	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	596	7	origins	origin	NOUN
ger-412	596	8	of	of	ADP
ger-412	596	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	596	10	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
ger-412	596	11	conception	conception	NOUN
ger-412	596	12	of	of	ADP
ger-412	596	13	computer	computer	NOUN
ger-412	596	14	programming	programming	NOUN
ger-412	596	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	596	16	1950–1960	1950–1960	NUM
ger-412	596	17	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	596	18	technology	technology	NOUN
ger-412	596	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	596	20	culture	culture	NOUN
ger-412	596	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	596	22	55(1	55(1	NOUN
ger-412	596	23	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	596	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	596	25	40–75	40–75	NUM
ger-412	596	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	596	27	oakes	oakes	PROPN
ger-412	596	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	596	29	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	596	30	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	596	31	1990	1990	NUM
ger-412	596	32	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	596	33	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	597	1	multiplying	multiply	VERB
ger-412	597	2	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
ger-412	597	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	597	4	the	the	DET
ger-412	597	5	effects	effect	NOUN
ger-412	597	6	of	of	ADP
ger-412	597	7	race	race	NOUN
ger-412	597	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	597	9	social	social	ADJ
ger-412	597	10	class	class	NOUN
ger-412	597	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	597	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	597	13	tracking	track	VERB
ger-412	597	14	on	on	ADP
ger-412	597	15	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	597	16	to	to	PART
ger-412	597	17	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	597	18	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	597	19	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	597	20	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	597	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	598	1	santa	santa	PROPN
ger-412	598	2	monica	monica	PROPN
ger-412	598	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	598	4	ca	can	AUX
ger-412	598	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	598	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	598	7	rand	rand	NOUN
ger-412	598	8	corporation	corporation	NOUN
ger-412	598	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	599	1	olson	olson	PROPN
ger-412	599	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	599	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	599	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	599	5	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	599	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	599	7	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	599	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	599	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	599	10	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	599	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	599	12	i.	i.	PROPN
ger-412	599	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	599	14	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	599	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	599	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	600	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	600	2	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	601	1	technical	technical	ADJ
ger-412	601	2	report	report	NOUN
ger-412	601	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	602	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	602	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	602	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	602	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	602	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	602	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	602	7	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	602	8	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	602	9	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	602	10	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	602	11	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	602	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	603	1	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	603	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	603	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	603	4	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	603	5	from	from	ADP
ger-412	603	6	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/techre	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/techre	ADJ
ger-412	603	7	port.html	port.html	PROPN
ger-412	603	8	organization	organization	NOUN
ger-412	603	9	for	for	ADP
ger-412	603	10	economic	economic	ADJ
ger-412	603	11	cooperation	cooperation	NOUN
ger-412	603	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	603	13	development	development	NOUN
ger-412	603	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	604	1	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	604	2	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	604	3	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	604	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	605	1	pisa	pisa	PROPN
ger-412	605	2	2009	2009	NUM
ger-412	605	3	results	result	NOUN
ger-412	605	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	605	5	what	what	PRON
ger-412	605	6	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	605	7	know	know	VERB
ger-412	605	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	605	9	can	can	AUX
ger-412	605	10	do	do	VERB
ger-412	605	11	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	605	12	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	605	13	performance	performance	NOUN
ger-412	605	14	in	in	ADP
ger-412	605	15	reading	reading	NOUN
ger-412	605	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	605	17	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	605	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	605	19	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	605	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	606	1	oecd	oecd	PROPN
ger-412	606	2	publishing	publishing	PROPN
ger-412	606	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	607	1	quek	quek	PROPN
ger-412	607	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	3	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-412	607	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	5	goh	goh	PROPN
ger-412	607	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	7	k.	k.	PROPN
ger-412	607	8	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	607	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	10	yen	yen	NOUN
ger-412	607	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	12	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-412	607	13	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-412	607	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	15	liu	liu	PROPN
ger-412	607	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	17	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-412	607	18	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	607	19	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	20	tan	tan	PROPN
ger-412	607	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	22	q.	q.	PROPN
ger-412	607	23	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	607	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	25	chin	chin	PROPN
ger-412	607	26	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	27	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	607	28	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-412	607	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	30	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	607	31	lau	lau	PROPN
ger-412	607	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	607	33	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	607	34	y.	y.	PROPN
ger-412	607	35	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	607	36	2008	2008	NUM
ger-412	607	37	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	607	38	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	608	1	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	608	2	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	609	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	609	2	i.v.s	i.v.s	PROPN
ger-412	609	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	609	4	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	609	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	609	6	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	609	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	609	8	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	609	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	609	10	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	609	11	f.	f.	PROPN
ger-412	609	12	olson	olson	PROPN
ger-412	609	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	609	14	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	609	15	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	609	16	berger	berger	PROPN
ger-412	609	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	609	18	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	609	19	milne	milne	PROPN
ger-412	609	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	609	21	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	609	22	g.m	g.m	PROPN
ger-412	609	23	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	609	24	stanco	stanco	PROPN
ger-412	609	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	610	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	610	2	2007	2007	NUM
ger-412	611	1	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-412	611	2	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	611	3	a	a	DET
ger-412	611	4	guide	guide	NOUN
ger-412	611	5	to	to	ADP
ger-412	611	6	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	611	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	611	8	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	611	9	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	611	10	around	around	ADP
ger-412	611	11	the	the	DET
ger-412	611	12	world	world	NOUN
ger-412	611	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	611	14	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-412	611	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	612	1	537–550	537–550	NUM
ger-412	612	2	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	612	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	613	1	chestnut	chestnut	PROPN
ger-412	613	2	hill	hill	PROPN
ger-412	613	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	4	ma	ma	PROPN
ger-412	613	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	613	6	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	613	7	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	613	8	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	613	9	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	613	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	11	lynch	lynch	PROPN
ger-412	613	12	school	school	PROPN
ger-412	613	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	613	14	education	education	PROPN
ger-412	613	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	16	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	613	17	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	613	18	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	613	19	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	613	20	from	from	ADP
ger-412	613	21	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/pdf/	http://timss.bc.edu/timss2007/pdf/	NOUN
ger-412	613	22	t07_enc_v2.pdf	t07_enc_v2.pdf	PROPN
ger-412	613	23	rakes	rake	NOUN
ger-412	613	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	25	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	613	26	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	613	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	28	valentine	valentine	PROPN
ger-412	613	29	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	30	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	613	31	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	613	32	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	33	mcgatha	mcgatha	PROPN
ger-412	613	34	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	35	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	613	36	b.	b.	PROPN
ger-412	613	37	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	38	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	613	39	ronau	ronau	PROPN
ger-412	613	40	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	613	41	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	613	42	n.	n.	PROPN
ger-412	613	43	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	613	44	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	613	45	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	613	46	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	614	1	methods	method	NOUN
ger-412	614	2	of	of	ADP
ger-412	614	3	instructional	instructional	ADJ
ger-412	614	4	improvement	improvement	NOUN
ger-412	614	5	in	in	ADP
ger-412	614	6	algebra	algebra	PROPN
ger-412	614	7	a	a	DET
ger-412	614	8	systematic	systematic	ADJ
ger-412	614	9	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	614	10	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	614	11	metaanalysis	metaanalysis	NOUN
ger-412	614	12	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	615	1	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	615	2	of	of	ADP
ger-412	615	3	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	615	4	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	615	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	615	6	80(3	80(3	NUM
ger-412	615	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	615	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	615	9	372–400	372–400	NUM
ger-412	615	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	616	1	raudenbush	raudenbush	PROPN
ger-412	616	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	616	3	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	616	4	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-412	616	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	616	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	616	7	bryk	bryk	PROPN
ger-412	616	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	616	9	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	616	10	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	616	11	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	616	12	2002	2002	NUM
ger-412	616	13	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	616	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	617	1	hierarchical	hierarchical	ADJ
ger-412	617	2	linear	linear	ADJ
ger-412	617	3	models	model	NOUN
ger-412	617	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	617	5	applications	application	NOUN
ger-412	617	6	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	617	7	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	617	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	617	9	methods	method	NOUN
ger-412	617	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	617	11	2nd	2nd	ADJ
ger-412	617	12	ed	ed	NOUN
ger-412	617	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	617	14	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	617	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	618	1	thousand	thousand	NUM
ger-412	618	2	oaks	oak	NOUN
ger-412	618	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	618	4	sage	sage	NOUN
ger-412	618	5	publications	publication	NOUN
ger-412	618	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	619	1	raykov	raykov	PROPN
ger-412	619	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	619	3	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	619	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	619	5	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	619	6	marcoulides	marcoulide	NOUN
ger-412	619	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	619	8	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-412	619	9	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	619	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	619	11	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	619	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	619	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	620	1	an	an	DET
ger-412	620	2	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ger-412	620	3	to	to	ADP
ger-412	620	4	applied	apply	VERB
ger-412	620	5	multivariate	multivariate	NOUN
ger-412	620	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ger-412	620	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	621	1	new	new	PROPN
ger-412	621	2	york	york	PROPN
ger-412	621	3	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	621	4	routledge	routledge	PROPN
ger-412	621	5	press	press	PROPN
ger-412	621	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	622	1	rutkowski	rutkowski	PROPN
ger-412	622	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	622	3	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	622	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	622	5	gonzalez	gonzalez	PROPN
ger-412	622	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	622	7	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	622	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	622	9	joncas	joncas	PROPN
ger-412	622	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	622	11	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	622	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	622	13	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	622	14	von	von	PROPN
ger-412	622	15	davier	davier	PROPN
ger-412	622	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	622	17	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	622	18	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	622	19	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	622	20	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	622	21	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	623	1	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	623	2	large	large	ADJ
ger-412	623	3	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	623	4	scale	scale	NOUN
ger-412	623	5	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ger-412	623	6	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	623	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	624	1	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	624	2	researcher	researcher	NOUN
ger-412	624	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	624	4	39(2	39(2	NUM
ger-412	624	5	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	624	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	624	7	142	142	NUM
ger-412	624	8	–	–	SYM
ger-412	624	9	151	151	NUM
ger-412	624	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	625	1	http://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x103	http://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x103	NOUN
ger-412	625	2	63170	63170	NUM
ger-412	625	3	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	625	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	5	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-412	625	6	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	625	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	8	blömeke	blömeke	PROPN
ger-412	625	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	10	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	625	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	12	tatto	tatto	PROPN
ger-412	625	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	14	m.	m.	NOUN
ger-412	625	15	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	625	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	17	hsieh	hsieh	PROPN
ger-412	625	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	19	f.-j	f.-j	PROPN
ger-412	625	20	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	625	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	22	cogan	cogan	PROPN
ger-412	625	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	24	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	625	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	26	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	625	27	houang	houang	PROPN
ger-412	625	28	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	625	29	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	625	30	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	625	31	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	625	32	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	625	33	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	625	34	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	626	1	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	626	2	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	626	3	matters	matter	VERB
ger-412	626	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	626	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	626	6	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	626	7	of	of	ADP
ger-412	626	8	middle	middle	ADJ
ger-412	626	9	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	626	10	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	626	11	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	626	12	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-412	626	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	626	14	six	six	NUM
ger-412	626	15	countries	country	NOUN
ger-412	626	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	627	1	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	627	2	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	627	3	press	press	PROPN
ger-412	627	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	627	5	columbia	columbia	PROPN
ger-412	627	6	university	university	PROPN
ger-412	627	7	new	new	PROPN
ger-412	627	8	york	york	PROPN
ger-412	627	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	627	10	ny	ny	PROPN
ger-412	627	11	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	627	12	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	627	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	627	14	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-412	627	15	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	627	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	627	17	cogan	cogan	PROPN
ger-412	627	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	627	19	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	627	20	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	627	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	627	22	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	627	23	houang	houang	PROPN
ger-412	627	24	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	627	25	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	627	26	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	627	27	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	627	28	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	627	29	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	627	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	628	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	628	2	role	role	NOUN
ger-412	628	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	628	4	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	628	5	to	to	PART
ger-412	628	6	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	628	7	in	in	ADP
ger-412	628	8	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	628	9	preparation	preparation	NOUN
ger-412	628	10	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	628	11	an	an	DET
ger-412	628	12	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	628	13	context	context	NOUN
ger-412	628	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	629	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-412	629	2	of	of	ADP
ger-412	629	3	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	629	4	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	629	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	629	6	62(2	62(2	NOUN
ger-412	629	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	629	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	629	9	138–153	138–153	NUM
ger-412	629	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	630	1	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
ger-412	630	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	3	w.	w.	PROPN
ger-412	630	4	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	630	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	6	mcknight	mcknight	PROPN
ger-412	630	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	8	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	630	9	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	630	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	11	wang	wang	PROPN
ger-412	630	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	13	h.	h.	PROPN
ger-412	630	14	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	630	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	16	cogan	cogan	PROPN
ger-412	630	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	18	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	630	19	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	630	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	21	houang	houang	PROPN
ger-412	630	22	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	23	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	630	24	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	630	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	26	wiley	wiley	PROPN
ger-412	630	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	28	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	630	29	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	630	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	31	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	630	32	wolfe	wolfe	PROPN
ger-412	630	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	630	34	r.	r.	PROPN
ger-412	630	35	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-412	630	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	630	37	2001	2001	NUM
ger-412	630	38	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	630	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	631	1	why	why	SCONJ
ger-412	631	2	schools	school	NOUN
ger-412	631	3	matter	matter	VERB
ger-412	631	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	631	5	a	a	DET
ger-412	631	6	cross	cross	ADJ
ger-412	631	7	national	national	PROPN
ger-412	631	8	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	631	9	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ger-412	631	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	631	11	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	631	12	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	631	13	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	631	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	632	1	san	san	PROPN
ger-412	632	2	francisco	francisco	PROPN
ger-412	632	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	632	4	ca	ca	NOUN
ger-412	632	5	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	632	6	jossey	jossey	NOUN
ger-412	632	7	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	632	8	bass	bass	NOUN
ger-412	632	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	633	1	56	56	NUM
ger-412	633	2	global	global	ADJ
ger-412	633	3	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	633	4	review	review	NOUN
ger-412	633	5	5(3	5(3	NUM
ger-412	633	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	633	7	sen	sen	PROPN
ger-412	633	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	633	9	a.	a.	NOUN
ger-412	633	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	633	11	malley	malley	PROPN
ger-412	633	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	633	13	l.	l.	PROPN
ger-412	633	14	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	633	15	hodson	hodson	PROPN
ger-412	633	16	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	633	17	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	633	18	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	633	19	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	633	20	werwath	werwath	PROPN
ger-412	633	21	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	633	22	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	633	23	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	633	24	2012	2012	NUM
ger-412	633	25	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	633	26	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	634	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	634	2	united	united	PROPN
ger-412	634	3	states	states	PROPN
ger-412	634	4	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	635	1	in	in	ADP
ger-412	635	2	i.v.s	i.v.s	PROPN
ger-412	635	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	635	4	mullis	mullis	PROPN
ger-412	635	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	635	6	m.o	m.o	PROPN
ger-412	635	7	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	635	8	martin	martin	PROPN
ger-412	635	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	635	10	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	635	11	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	635	12	minnich	minnich	PROPN
ger-412	635	13	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	635	14	g.	g.	PROPN
ger-412	635	15	m.	m.	PROPN
ger-412	635	16	stanco	stanco	PROPN
ger-412	635	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	635	18	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	635	19	arora	arora	PROPN
ger-412	635	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	635	21	v.	v.	ADP
ger-412	635	22	a.	a.	PROPN
ger-412	635	23	s.	s.	PROPN
ger-412	635	24	centrino	centrino	PROPN
ger-412	635	25	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	635	26	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	635	27	c.	c.	PROPN
ger-412	635	28	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	635	29	castle	castle	PROPN
ger-412	635	30	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	636	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	636	2	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	636	3	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
ger-412	636	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	636	5	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	636	6	policy	policy	NOUN
ger-412	636	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	636	8	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
ger-412	636	9	in	in	ADP
ger-412	636	10	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	636	11	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	636	12	science	science	NOUN
ger-412	636	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	636	14	vol	vol	NOUN
ger-412	636	15	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	636	16	2	2	NUM
ger-412	636	17	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	636	18	pp	pp	ADJ
ger-412	636	19	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	637	1	975–995	975–995	NUM
ger-412	637	2	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	637	3	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	638	1	timss	timss	PROPN
ger-412	638	2	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	638	3	pirls	pirls	PROPN
ger-412	638	4	international	international	PROPN
ger-412	638	5	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	638	6	center	center	NOUN
ger-412	638	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	638	8	lynch	lynch	PROPN
ger-412	638	9	school	school	PROPN
ger-412	638	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	638	11	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	638	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	638	13	boston	boston	PROPN
ger-412	638	14	college	college	PROPN
ger-412	638	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	638	16	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
ger-412	638	17	from	from	ADP
ger-412	638	18	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss201	VERB
ger-412	638	19	1	1	NUM
ger-412	638	20	/	/	SYM
ger-412	638	21	downloads	download	NOUN
ger-412	638	22	/	/	SYM
ger-412	638	23	timss2011_enc	timss2011_enc	NOUN
ger-412	638	24	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	638	25	v2.pdf	v2.pdf	NOUN
ger-412	638	26	smith	smith	PROPN
ger-412	638	27	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	638	28	m.s	m.s	PROPN
ger-412	638	29	.	.	PROPN
ger-412	638	30	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	638	31	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	638	32	stein	stein	PROPN
ger-412	638	33	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	638	34	m.k	m.k	PROPN
ger-412	638	35	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	638	36	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	638	37	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	638	38	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	638	39	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	639	1	five	five	NUM
ger-412	639	2	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-412	639	3	for	for	ADP
ger-412	639	4	orchestrating	orchestrate	VERB
ger-412	639	5	productive	productive	ADJ
ger-412	639	6	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
ger-412	639	7	discussions	discussion	NOUN
ger-412	639	8	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	640	1	reston	reston	PROPN
ger-412	640	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	640	3	va	va	PROPN
ger-412	640	4	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	640	5	national	national	ADJ
ger-412	640	6	council	council	PROPN
ger-412	640	7	of	of	ADP
ger-412	640	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	640	9	of	of	ADP
ger-412	640	10	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	640	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	641	1	tanışlı	tanışlı	PROPN
ger-412	641	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	641	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	641	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	641	5	2011	2011	NUM
ger-412	641	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	641	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	642	1	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	642	2	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	642	3	ways	way	NOUN
ger-412	642	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	642	5	relation	relation	NOUN
ger-412	642	6	to	to	PART
ger-412	642	7	linear	linear	VERB
ger-412	642	8	function	function	NOUN
ger-412	642	9	tables	table	NOUN
ger-412	642	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	642	11	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	642	12	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	642	13	students	student	NOUN
ger-412	642	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	643	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	643	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-412	643	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	643	4	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ger-412	643	5	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ger-412	643	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	643	7	30(3	30(3	NUM
ger-412	643	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	643	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	643	10	206–223	206–223	NUM
ger-412	643	11	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	644	1	törnroos	törnroos	PROPN
ger-412	644	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	644	3	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	644	4	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	644	5	2005	2005	NUM
ger-412	644	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	644	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	645	1	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	645	2	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ger-412	645	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	645	4	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	645	5	to	to	PART
ger-412	645	6	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	645	7	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	645	8	student	student	NOUN
ger-412	645	9	achievement	achievement	NOUN
ger-412	645	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	646	1	studies	study	NOUN
ger-412	646	2	in	in	ADP
ger-412	646	3	educational	educational	ADJ
ger-412	646	4	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
ger-412	646	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	646	6	31(4	31(4	NUM
ger-412	646	7	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	646	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	646	9	315–327	315–327	NUM
ger-412	646	10	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	647	1	http://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.200	http://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.200	PROPN
ger-412	647	2	5.11.005	5.11.005	PROPN
ger-412	647	3	wang	wang	PROPN
ger-412	647	4	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	647	5	iverson	iverson	PROPN
ger-412	647	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	647	7	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-412	647	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	647	9	myers	myers	PROPN
ger-412	647	10	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	647	11	p.	p.	PROPN
ger-412	647	12	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	647	13	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	647	14	lim	lim	PROPN
ger-412	647	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	647	16	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	647	17	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	647	18	2010	2010	NUM
ger-412	647	19	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	647	20	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	648	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
ger-412	648	2	singapore	singapore	PROPN
ger-412	648	3	’s	’s	PART
ger-412	648	4	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	648	5	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
ger-412	648	6	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	648	7	focused	focused	ADJ
ger-412	648	8	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	648	9	flexible	flexible	ADJ
ger-412	648	10	supports	support	NOUN
ger-412	648	11	for	for	ADP
ger-412	648	12	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	648	13	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	648	14	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	648	15	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	649	1	american	american	ADJ
ger-412	649	2	educator	educator	NOUN
ger-412	649	3	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	649	4	28	28	NUM
ger-412	649	5	-	-	SYM
ger-412	649	6	38	38	NUM
ger-412	649	7	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	650	1	warren	warren	PROPN
ger-412	650	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	650	3	e.	e.	PROPN
ger-412	650	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	650	5	cooper	cooper	PROPN
ger-412	650	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	650	7	t.	t.	PROPN
ger-412	650	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	650	9	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	650	10	lamb	lamb	PROPN
ger-412	650	11	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	650	12	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	650	13	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	650	14	2006	2006	NUM
ger-412	650	15	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	650	16	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	651	1	investigating	investigate	VERB
ger-412	651	2	functional	functional	ADJ
ger-412	651	3	thinking	thinking	NOUN
ger-412	651	4	in	in	ADP
ger-412	651	5	the	the	DET
ger-412	651	6	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	651	7	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-412	651	8	:	:	PUNCT
ger-412	651	9	foundations	foundation	NOUN
ger-412	651	10	of	of	ADP
ger-412	651	11	early	early	ADJ
ger-412	651	12	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	651	13	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
ger-412	651	14	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	652	1	the	the	DET
ger-412	652	2	journal	journal	NOUN
ger-412	652	3	of	of	ADP
ger-412	652	4	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
ger-412	652	5	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ger-412	652	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	652	7	25(3	25(3	NUM
ger-412	652	8	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	652	9	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	652	10	208	208	NUM
ger-412	652	11	–	–	PUNCT
ger-412	652	12	223	223	NUM
ger-412	652	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	653	1	whitin	whitin	PROPN
ger-412	653	2	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	653	3	d.	d.	PROPN
ger-412	653	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ger-412	653	5	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	653	6	&	&	CCONJ
ger-412	653	7	whitin	whitin	PROPN
ger-412	653	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	653	9	p.	p.	NOUN
ger-412	653	10	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	653	11	2014	2014	NUM
ger-412	653	12	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	653	13	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	654	1	building	build	VERB
ger-412	654	2	squares	square	NOUN
ger-412	654	3	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	654	4	discovering	discover	VERB
ger-412	654	5	patterns	pattern	NOUN
ger-412	654	6	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	655	1	teaching	teach	VERB
ger-412	655	2	children	child	NOUN
ger-412	655	3	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	655	4	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	655	5	21(4	21(4	NUM
ger-412	655	6	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	655	7	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	655	8	210–219	210–219	NUM
ger-412	655	9	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	656	1	about	about	ADP
ger-412	656	2	the	the	DET
ger-412	656	3	author	author	NOUN
ger-412	656	4	rachel	rachel	PROPN
ger-412	656	5	ayieko	ayieko	PROPN
ger-412	656	6	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	656	7	phd	phd	NOUN
ger-412	656	8	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	656	9	is	be	AUX
ger-412	656	10	an	an	DET
ger-412	656	11	assistant	assistant	ADJ
ger-412	656	12	professor	professor	NOUN
ger-412	656	13	in	in	ADP
ger-412	656	14	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	656	15	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	656	16	in	in	ADP
ger-412	656	17	the	the	DET
ger-412	656	18	department	department	NOUN
ger-412	656	19	of	of	ADP
ger-412	656	20	instruction	instruction	NOUN
ger-412	656	21	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	656	22	leadership	leadership	NOUN
ger-412	656	23	in	in	ADP
ger-412	656	24	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	656	25	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	657	1	her	her	PRON
ger-412	657	2	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	657	3	interests	interest	NOUN
ger-412	657	4	include	include	VERB
ger-412	657	5	exploring	explore	VERB
ger-412	657	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	657	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	657	8	practices	practice	NOUN
ger-412	657	9	that	that	PRON
ger-412	657	10	promote	promote	VERB
ger-412	657	11	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
ger-412	657	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
ger-412	657	13	of	of	ADP
ger-412	657	14	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	657	15	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	657	16	algebra	algebra	NOUN
ger-412	657	17	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	657	18	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	657	19	learning	learning	NOUN
ger-412	657	20	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	657	21	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	657	22	quality	quality	NOUN
ger-412	657	23	,	,	PUNCT
ger-412	657	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	657	25	the	the	DET
ger-412	657	26	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	657	27	to	to	PART
ger-412	657	28	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	657	29	to	to	PART
ger-412	657	30	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	657	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	657	32	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	657	33	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	657	34	using	use	VERB
ger-412	657	35	large	large	ADJ
ger-412	657	36	-	-	PUNCT
ger-412	657	37	scale	scale	NOUN
ger-412	657	38	data	datum	NOUN
ger-412	657	39	sets	set	NOUN
ger-412	657	40	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	657	41	classroom	classroom	NOUN
ger-412	657	42	observation	observation	NOUN
ger-412	657	43	schemes	scheme	NOUN
ger-412	657	44	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	658	1	her	her	PRON
ger-412	658	2	recent	recent	ADJ
ger-412	658	3	research	research	NOUN
ger-412	658	4	focuses	focus	VERB
ger-412	658	5	on	on	ADP
ger-412	658	6	the	the	DET
ger-412	658	7	relationships	relationship	NOUN
ger-412	658	8	between	between	ADP
ger-412	658	9	the	the	DET
ger-412	658	10	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ger-412	658	11	that	that	PRON
ger-412	658	12	pre	pre	ADJ
ger-412	658	13	-	-	ADJ
ger-412	658	14	service	service	ADJ
ger-412	658	15	teachers	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	658	16	have	have	VERB
ger-412	658	17	to	to	PART
ger-412	658	18	learn	learn	VERB
ger-412	658	19	to	to	PART
ger-412	658	20	teach	teach	VERB
ger-412	658	21	elementary	elementary	ADJ
ger-412	658	22	school	school	NOUN
ger-412	658	23	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	658	24	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	658	25	their	their	PRON
ger-412	658	26	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
ger-412	658	27	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	658	28	beliefs	belief	NOUN
ger-412	658	29	about	about	ADP
ger-412	658	30	teaching	teaching	NOUN
ger-412	658	31	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	658	32	learning	learn	VERB
ger-412	658	33	mathematics	mathematic	NOUN
ger-412	658	34	using	use	VERB
ger-412	658	35	the	the	DET
ger-412	658	36	international	international	ADJ
ger-412	658	37	teacher	teacher	NOUN
ger-412	658	38	education	education	NOUN
ger-412	658	39	and	and	CCONJ
ger-412	658	40	development	development	NOUN
ger-412	658	41	study	study	NOUN
ger-412	658	42	of	of	ADP
ger-412	658	43	mathematics	mathematics	PROPN
ger-412	658	44	(	(	PUNCT
ger-412	658	45	teds	teds	PROPN
ger-412	658	46	-	-	PROPN
ger-412	658	47	m	m	NOUN
ger-412	658	48	)	)	PUNCT
ger-412	658	49	.	.	PUNCT
ger-412	659	1	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2011/downloads/timss2011_enc-v2.pdf	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2011/downloads/timss2011_enc-v2.pdf	X
ger-412	659	2	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2011/downloads/timss2011_enc-v2.pdf	http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2011/downloads/timss2011_enc-v2.pdf	X