INTRODUCTION Pharmacognosy which is science of the knowledge of plant is one of the important subject in the overall curriculum of the p h a r m a c e u t i c a l e d u c a t i o n i n I n d i a a n d w o r l d . Pharmacognosy is an important link between pharmacology and study of medicinal plant. Pharmacognosy is vital link between Ayurvedic and Allopathic system of medicine. It provides a system where in the active principle of crude drug derived from the natural origin can could be dispense, formulated and manufactured in dosage form acceptable to Allopathic system of medicine. In nutshell pharmacognosy forms an important bridge between the pharmaceutical and basic science. ABOUT PLANT Cassia is a large genus of around 500 species of owering plants in the family Leguminosae (Lodha et Al 2010) . Cassia species are annual under shrub, the genus cassia comprises of 580 species of herb, shrubs and trees, which are widely distributed throughout the world of which only 20 species are indigenous to India (Anonymous 1950). Medicinally, Cassia angustifolia vahl is an important plant (Harnischfeger and stilze 1983) is systematically placed in to the division- Magnoliophyta, class-Magnoliopsida subclass Rosidae, order -Fabales, Family-Caesaalpinaceae . Taxonomical classication of Senna Synonyms of Cassia angustifolia Senna is one of the most commonly used laxative drugs in the Eastern and Western countries for the treatment of constipation. Commonly available consist of the dried leaet of Alexandria Senna (Cassia acutifolia Delile) Tinnevely Senna (Cassia angustifolia vahl) belongings to plant family Leguminosae. Cassia angustifolia is an ayurvedic herb more popularly known as Senna. Senna is an Arabian name but it is native to Sudan. It was brought into used by Arabian physician for removing capillary congestion. It is small herb growing to a height of 2-3 feet. In India it is cultivated in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. It is commercially cultivation as recently come up in Kutch (Gujarat) and Jodhpur (Rajasthan). It is mainly used as a blood purier, laxative for relieving constipation and to treat skin diseases. It contains a powerful natural laxative called Anthraquinone and is approved by the world health organization (WHO). Senna consist of the leaet are golden brown in colour after drying. Cassia angustifolia is one of the most widely used herbal laxatives (Dermarderosian, 2005). Cassia species well known in folk medicine for their laxative and purgative uses. They are also used for treating skin diseases such as ring worm, scabies, eczema and wounds. SIDE EFFECTS & SAFETY Senna is likely safe for most adults and children over age 2 when taken by mouth, short-term. Senna is an FDA-approved nonprescription medicine. Senna can cause some side effects including stomach discomfort, cramps, and diarrhea. Senna is possibly unsafe when taken by mouth long-term or in high doses. Don't use senna for more than two weeks. Longer use can cause the bowels to stop functioning normally and might cause dependence on laxatives. Long-term use can also PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA BARK Original Research Paper A. S. Dongarwar* Manoharbhai Patel Institute of B. pharmacy Gondia, 441614,Maharashtra, India.*Corresponding Author Pharmacology Cassia angustifolia vahl. (Leguminosae), commonly known as ' Senna' or "sonamukhi"is employed in various indigenous system of medicine against several disease and almost every part of the plant has diverse medicinal properties. The bark and stem are used as an anti-inammatory and antipyretics and treat skin diseases and abdominal troubles. According to the Ayurveda it has a property of reducing " kapha" and "vatta" .The current communication provide a detailed account of pharmacognostical investigation carried out on the bark of Cassia angustifolia. The study includes macro and microscopical details physiochemical studies orescence study of the bark powder, TLC and HPTLC ngerprint. The study reveal that bark of samples procured from the different places have similar morphological and physiochemical values. These observations are supported by TLC prole. ABSTRACT KEYWORDS : Cassia Angustifolia, Pharmacognostical Investigation, Ayurveda, Physiochemical Values. N. H. Indurwade Manoharbhai Patel Institute of B.pharmacy Gondia, 441614,Maharashtra, India. Pallavi Sonwane Manoharbhai Patel Institute of B.pharmacy Gondia, 441614,Maharashtra, India. T. P. Nimbekar Bajiraoji Karanjekar College of Pharmacy, Sakoli, Dist- Bhandara, 441802 Shubham Selokar Manoharbhai Patel Institute of B.pharmacy Gondia, 441614,Maharashtra, India. VOLUME-9, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2020 • PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8160 • DOI : 10.36106/gjra Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Tracheobiota Super division Spermatophyta Division Mangnoliophyta Class Mangnoliopsida Subclass Rosidae Order Fabales Family Fabaceae Genus Cassia Species angustifolia Language Names English Indiansenna Tinnevelly Senna Hindi Senna ki patti Sanskrit Svarnapatri Telugu Nela tangedu Malayalam Sunnamukhi Kannada Nelavarika 4 X GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS change the amount or balance of some chemicals in the blood (electrolytes) that can cause heart function disorders, muscle weakness, liver damage, and other harmful effects. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS & WARNINGS Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Senna is possibly safe during pregnancy and breast-feeding when taken by mouth, short- term. It is possibly unsafe when taken by mouth long-term or in high doses. Long-term, frequent use, or use of high doses has been linked to serious side effects including laxative dependence and liver damage. Although small amounts of senna cross into breast milk, it doesn't seem to be a problem for nursing babies. As long as the mother uses senna in recommended amounts, senna does not cause changes in the frequency or consistency of babies' stools. Electrolyte disturbances, potassium deciency: Overuse of senna can make these conditions worse. Dehydration, diarrhea or loose stools: Senna should not be used in people with dehydration, diarrhea, or loose stools. It can make these conditions worse. Gastrointestinal (GI) conditions: Senna should not be used by people with abdominal pain (either diagnosed or undiagnosed), intestinal blockage, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, appendicitis, stomach inammation, anal prolapse, or hemorrhoids. Heart disease: Senna can cause electrolyte disturbances and might make heart disease worse. VOLUME-9, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2020 • PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8160 • DOI : 10.36106/gjra QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS TOTAL ANTHRAQUINONES ANTI-PYRETIC ACTIVITY: Both the methanolic extract and water extract of cassia angustifolia showed signicant effect on pyrexia induced yeast. Several test (acute and chronic) were employed in evaluating the analgesic effect of the methanolic and water extracts of cassia angustifolia. It is necessary to apply tests which differ with respect to stimulus quality, intensity and duration, to obtain as complete a picture as possible of the analgesic properties of a substance using behavioral nociceptive test. The results obtained indicate that the extracts possess a moderate dose dependent analgesic effect on the various pain models used. A potent inhibitory effect was extracted by both the extracts on the mouse writing assay. This suggests that the analgesic effect of the extract may be peripherally mediated. The extracts also had a signicant effect in the acid or Indomethacin, only inhibit the late phase. Antipyretic activity commonly mentioned As characteristics of drugs or compounds which have as inhibitory effect on prostaglandin- biosynthesis. Both the methanolic extract and water extract of cassia angustifolia showed signicant effect on pyrexia induced by yeast. The result obtained in this study indicate that the extract possess mild antipyretic properties. Even if further studies are needed this seems to provide rationale for the use of this plant in pain and inammatory disorders. Table: Effect of the Cassia angustifolia leaves extract and paracetamol on yeast induced pyrexia in mice. Material Dose ( mg/kg) 0h 1h 2h 3h Control 1.16 unit 42.61±0.12 40.63±0.16 39.41±0.11 39.7±0.14 Water extract 10 41.47±0.14 39.83±0.15 39.57±0.15 38.56±0.14 Paracetamol 10 37.63±0.11 37.08±0.15 37.06±0.24 36.93±0.14 X 5GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS VOLUME-9, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2020 • PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8160 • DOI : 10.36106/gjra ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY: Natural antimicrobial agent have been more popular due to their efcacy against antibiotic resistant microorganism and campaign for consumption of natural product according to previous reports,various solvent extract of cassia angustifolia bark demonstrated antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms. Ethanol extract of Senna bark showed antibacterial activity against S.aureus and E.coli with zone of inhibition being 23 mm and 9 mm, respectively for 10 micron litre of extract solution. Comparatively, in this study S. aureus exhibited lower zone of inhibition (15 mm) for boiled water extract of Senna 10 micron litre of extract solution. The antimicrobial activity of Senna barks anthraquinone glycosides. Polygalacturonase inhibitory proteins in the plant cell wall of senna are suggested to play a role in resistant to bacterial attacks. However, the senna bark extract showed minimum activity against fungal pathogens investigated in present study. The oil has antibacterial activity particularly, Staphylococcus aureus and Escheria coli. While the overall inhibitory effect of essential oils in the experiment was less than for acetone, methanol and hexane its individual effect on S. aureus and E.coli was greater and effect of volatile terpenoids on bacteria that is Staphylococcus aureus and Escheria coli. CONCLUSION The present study has helped in demonstrating the potential bioactive compound of natural plant extract that are eco- friendly, economical and available in bulk to the farmers with easy preparation protocols. Cassia angustifolia vahl. Plant parts are used for the development of various industrial and pharmaceutical products. In this paper attempt was made to medicinal property of bark of Cassia angustifolia vahl. In various solvent extract against human bacterial pathogens. The extracts of senna leaves were shown better result against S. aureus than other pathogens. From the result it was concluded that extract of Cassia angustifolia vahl. shown effective and efcient result against bacterial pathogen used. Cassia angustifolia bark could serve as good source of antibacterial agents. REFERENCES 1. Anonymous (1996): Indian pharmacopoeia, 2nd edition New Delhi, Govt. of India publication pp.367-370. 2. Anonymous (1992): The wealth of India ll –Raw materials. 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Antibacterial activity of cassia species and Cassia obovata. Indian Journal of pharmacy 1957; 19:70-73. 11. K .R. sini, M. Karpakavalli and P.T. Sangeetha, Analgesic and antipyretic activity of cassia occidentalis Linn. 12. K. R. Khandelwal, Practical Handbook of pharmacognosy, Technique and experiment by Nirali Prakashan. P. 66. 13. A.V. Kasture, S. G. Wadodkar, Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vol.2, P. 4.1. Zone of Inhibition in mm Zone of Inhibition in mm Ethanolic Extract S. Aureus E. coli Water Extract S. Aureus E. Coli 25 8 21 10 24 7 23 7 22 5 28 9 18 3 22 11 19 4 24 8 20 5 19 6 Average 21.34 5.34 23 9 6 X GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS