BACKGROUND Urolithiasis is global phenomenon. Mankind, since long, have tried to understand the process of calculogenesis. Scientists over centuries had also tried to nd the 'wonder therapy' for dissolution of urinary calculi.Though, in calculogenesis, many hypothesis has been postulated and well established, we are still not able to prevent recurrence of calculi in large number of patients due to its complex nature and poor understanding of process of calculogenesis. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Ÿ Many factors are known to lead to stone formation but whether dissolution factors are also operating in the internal milieu of crystal aggregates ,is not well known Ÿ Supersaturation/crystallization','Matrix nucleation', 'Inh ibitor absence' and 'Epitaxy' are well established theories to explain the process but none of these theories fully explain the phenomenon and perhaps many more factors are operating, hitherto, not described till now. Ÿ We have tried to nd an analogy of sedimentary rock formation in the sea with urinary stones where evidences of spontaneous dissolution like 'pitting', 'weathering' and 'erosions' are seen many times along with well known formation phenomenon MATERIAL AND METHODS A scanning electron microscopic (Jeol 840) study was carried out from 30 upper and lower urinary tract calculi removed by surgery, in department of Urology,IMS,BHU,Varanasi. Ultrastructure was observed using scanning electron microscopy to study the aggregation phenomenon of crystal sediments and phenomenon of weathering or dissolution of crystals X-ray diffraction analysis was also done in same calculi to know the chemical compound composition. Study performed also in collaboration with department of Geology & Metallurgy, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India. OBSERVATIONS Ÿ Pure stone comprised 73.33 % of total number Ÿ Among pure stones calcium oxalate monohydrate accounted for 60%, dihydrate 10% and struvite3.33% Ÿ In Ultrastructural study in SEM many geological pheno menon were observed with their potential therapeutic applicability at magnication of 750x to 2500x Ÿ Stone appeared in well crystalline or poorly crystalline or semi crystalline form. Ÿ Crystals were euhedral, subhedral or anhedral Ÿ The deposition phenomenon observed were 'crystal complexing', 'syntaxy', 'epitaxy' Ÿ Simultaneous many dissolution phenomenon like 'etch ing', 'erosion 'or 'weathering ' were observed which were akin to sedimentary rocks formation in the deep sea Ÿ Our SEM study shows the evidence of 'etching,' 'erosion', or dissolution of calculi studied. Ÿ Etching was demonstrated in crystals of pure oxalate calculi as well as pure phosphate calculi Ÿ Dissolution like weathering in sedimentary rocks is seen in 11 of 22 calculi of pure oxalates,2 of 2 calculi of mixed oxalates and all calculi of mixed phosphates Ultrastructural Evidences of stone in formation phase with well developed crystals EVIDENCES OF SPONTANEOUS DISSOLUTION: Dissolution (Weathering) in face of a platy crystal Dissolution (weathering) of a large crystal SPONTANEOUS DISSOLUTION OF RENAL CALCULI-A MYTH OR REALITY Original Research Paper Dr. A.K. Sanwal Assistant Professor, Department Of Urology, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi Medical Science Urolethiasis has been of interest to mankind from many centuries. Many theories has been postulated for biochemical process of stone formation. Spontaneous dissolution of stones has been known and rarely reported. We have found evidence of spontaneous dissolution of urinary caluculi in our ultra structural study and have put analogy with sedimentary rocks of sea which are also known to have such ultra structural phenomenon. ABSTRACT KEYWORDS : Calcium Oxalate, Kidney Stones, Spontaneous Dissolution VOLUME-9, ISSUE-2, FEBRUARY-2020 • PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8160 • DOI : 10.36106/gjra Dr. Sanjay Chaube* Associate Professor, Department Of Surgery, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi *Corresponding Author Prof. V.N.P. Tripathi Ex- Professor And Head, Department Of Urology, IMH, BHU, Varanasi Medical College, Jhansi 58 X GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENON OF DISSOLUTION: Etching and fracture on crystal Fracture on face of a large crystal EVIDENCES OF SPONTANEOUS DISSOLUTION: Large cofn lid crystal in dissolution phase Crystal plate in dissolution phase DISCUSSION DOES IT WORK LIKE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS: Ÿ It is well known in mineral-logy that “minerals are in active equilibrium with their surroundings only in the environ ment in which they form(law of mineral instability, Keller1989) Ÿ In ambient ionic atmosphere of human kidney, the urinary calculi will also be in meta stable condition in respect to its pore water i.e. urine in interstics of calculi and pore water leading to either deposition of precipitates or dissolution depending on type of reactions taking place GEOLOGICAL PHENONMENON SEEN IN CALCULUS ULTR ASRUCTURE LIKE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS: Ÿ Slow partial dissolution may results in itch pits Ÿ Corrosion or weathering may results from more rapid transport of minerals Ÿ It appears that calculus in the milieu interior involves itself in dynamic chemical process whether leading to deposition or erosion time to time CRYSTAL FORMATION OR DISSOLUTION: Ÿ These phenomenon are also inuenced by surface free energy property of the crystal(hurst1981). Ÿ Euhedral crystal faces possess low surface energy and are less likely to undergo surface corrosion or dissolution while high index crystal (subhedral or anhedral) are more likely to be inuenced by dissolution phenomenon WEATHERING IN SEDIMENTARY ROCKS: ANALOGY WITH SEDIMENTARY ROCKS: Ÿ “Diagenesis” is sum of those process by which originally sedimentary deposits attempt to reach equilibrium with their environment Ÿ Though, owing to inuence of organic substances, matrix and bacteria, process of diagenesis may be arrested or modied, if suitably applied, this process may be potentially manipulated to “weather” or dissolve a human calculi. CONCLUSION Ÿ A compatible analogy can be drawn between human rocks and sedimentary rocks formation in nature Ÿ Ultra structural observations of 'weathering',' pitting', 'erosion' seen in human calculi indicate spontaneous dissolution phenomenon taking place in human body like sedimentary rocks is a reality and not a myth. Ÿ We propose sedimentary rock analogy in human body as we have so many evidences of same type of bodily rock formation in human body. Ÿ Further well designed studies are required to look into this fascinating aspects of calculogenesis REFERENCES: 1. Spontaneous dissolution of renal calculi.J.S.Elliot,J.Urol.sep.1954 2. Khan S.R.et al SEM of calcium oxalate crystal formation in experimental nephrolithiasis.Lab inv.1979 3. Khan SR et al identication of urinary stone and sediment crystal by SEM and X-ray microanalysis. J.Urol.1988 4. Malek RS et al observation on the ultrastructure and genesis of urinary calculi. J.Urol.1977 5. Spectre M et al ,ultrasructure and pathogenesis of urinary calculi,BJU,1978 6. Sohnel et al ,ne structure of calcium oxalate monohydrate renal calculi,Nephron,1993 7. Ryal RL,scientic basis of calcium oxalate urolithiasis prediction and precipitation, World J.Urology,1993 8. 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