80.Afshan Perveen ONLINE.cdr INTRODUCTION Being one of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries Oman is dependent on migrant labor to bolster and stimulate economic growth and development. Although Indian migration to Oman is apparently for the purpose of spreading their commercial activities and mutually sharing the prots, their mutual good relations are believed to have existed as 1early as the 7th century. The Indian community in Oman is regarded to be among the prosperous communities in the country. Indians have now become the largest expatriate community in Oman, according to the National Centre for Statistics and Information. There are 6,64,227 Indians living and working in the Sultanate as of October 2018. Among the Indian population, 4,8,115 are female, while the vast majority 2 6,16,112 are male. The Indian migrants in Oman have come from all states of India. They are skilled workers and professionals, such as technicians, doctors, engineers, bankers, nance experts, managers who are on many senior and middle management positions in the cooperate division, a number of Indians are working on chief posts in government sector and there are approximately 2000 Indian doctors providing services in the country. The role of Indians in the development of commerce, healthcare, education, horticulture, nance, construction and communications in the country is recommendable. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design: A cross sectional survey Location: Sultanate of Oman and India community Population: Indian Sample size: 200 (Ofce Workers in India-52, Ofce Workers in Oman-52, Labors in India-48, Labors in Oman-48) Sampling: Convenient Population: Inclusion criteria: Males (in the age group of 35-55years) working in ofce, construction sites, shops, etc. Exclusion criteria: Ÿ Female workers Ÿ Men who are mentally and physically challenged Ÿ Men who were unable to respond to questions(due to hearing problem or any other reason) Ÿ Men who were not willing to participate. Procedure The purpose of the study was explained to all the eligible participants in the language (English/Hindi/Arabic) understandable by them. Verbal and written consent were obtained from all participants. Data was collected by face to face interview method using different questionnaires. Questionnaires were lled by the participants at the time of interview. Following that all the participants were explained about different problems related to physical health, mental stress and life satisfaction. Data collected was analyzed. An 'Occupational Therapy Awareness' program was also conducted in which the attendees were given an Occupational Therapy education booklet. The booklet explained A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LIFE SATISFACTION, PHYSICAL AND MENTAL STRESS IN INDIANS VERSUS INDIAN EXPATRIATES WORKING IN OMAN Original Research Paper Afshan Perveen Bachelor of Occupational Therapy Intern, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. Rehabilitation Objective: Over the years, there has been a signicant increase in the number of Indian migrants in the country of Oman. The Indians working and living there are diverse in terms of the economic strata; therefore, the living and working conditions are also very different. There is a lack of studies focusing on the Indian population, working in abroad more specically on their lifestyle and its impact on mental and physical health. Hence a need was felt to understand the mental and physical aspect and life satisfaction of the Indian population working and living in Oman. Methodology: 200 (Ofce Workers in India-52, Ofce Workers in Oman-52, Labors in India-48, Labors in Oman-48) 1. Perceived Stress Scale 2. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) 3. Musculoskeletal Discomfort Form 4. Researcher's Assisted Questionnaire Results: The ndings of present study show that among the total 104 ofce workers, 66% of ofce workers in India had higher stress level as compared to 34% of Indian ofce workers in Oman, in case of life satisfaction, 62% of Indian ofce workers in Oman were better satised with life as compared to 38% of ofce workers in India. Considering the labor population, among the total 96 labors 53% of Indian labor in Oman had high stress level as compared to 47% of labors in India, in case of life satisfaction, 57% of labors in India were better satised with life as compared to 43% of Indian labors in Oman. Ofce workers reported discomfort in the neck and back region whereas the labor population reported discomfort in knee, shoulder and ankle regions. Providing support to family, dissatisfaction with the job and heavy workload are some of the reasons that the Indian population recognized as factors contributing to their stress and level of life satisfaction. The non-resident population acknowledged facts such as having family support, good living conditions and job satisfaction as factors contributing to their stress and satisfaction with life. Conclusion: Considering mental stress, the ofce workers in India have high stress level as compared to the ofce workers in Oman. On the other hand, the labors working both in India and Oman are facing high stress levels. It was found that in case of life satisfaction, the ofce workers in Oman are more satised with life than the ofce workers in India whereas, the labors working in Oman are less satised with life as compared to the labors working in India. It was found that the neck and lower back areas are more affected among the ofce workers and the knees, shoulders and ankles are the areas of discomfort among the labors. ABSTRACT KEYWORDS : Ofce Workers, Labors, Life Satisfaction, Stress Dr. Swati Srivastava* MOT (Musculoskeletal), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. *Corresponding Author 22 X GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS VOLUME-9, ISSUE-3, MARCH-2020 • PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8160 • DOI : 10.36106/gjra Occupational Therapy program for safe, healthy and efcient lifestyle. Outcome Measures / Scales Ÿ Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Ÿ Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) Ÿ Musculoskeletal Discomfort Form Ÿ Researcher's Assisted Questionnaire The questionnaire was a set of 5 questions each for the resident and non-resident Indian population which had to be answered in simply yes or no. The questions comprised of the factors affecting mental stress and satisfaction from the life. DATA ANALYSIS A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare the effect of quality of life and stress level among Indian ofce workers in Oman and India; and Indian labors working in Oman and India. Descriptive analysis included percentages, means and SD. FINDINGS T-TEST VALUE FOR DIFFERENT FACTORS Table 1: T-Test value for different factors (*signicant at 0.00 level: NS: Not Signicant) PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS 1.Life satisfaction and stress level in ofce workers in Oman and India Table 2 2.Life satisfaction and stress level in labors in Oman and India Table 3 3.Factors considered by Indians Table 4 4. Factors considered by non-resident Indians (NRIs) Table 5 DISTRIBUTION OF AREAS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISCOMFORT Graph 1 DISCUSSION This study was set out to investigate and compare life satisfaction, mental stress and physical stress among the Indian population of ofce workers and labors working in India and the Indian population of ofce workers and labors working in the Sultanate of Oman. A total sample of 200 Indian men was taken which were divided in 52 ofce workers from Oman and India respectively and 48 labors from Oman and India respectively. The satisfaction from life was analyzed using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Upon doing the analysis, it was found that the Indian ofce workers in Oman are more satised with life than the ofce workers in India. The percentage analysis shows that 62% of ofce workers in Oman are satised with life as compared to 38% of ofce workers in India. In case of the labor community the results are opposite; the labors working in India have a higher life satisfaction than the labors working in Oman. It was seen that 57% of labors working in India are better satised with life as compared to 43% of labors working in Oman. A similar study titled 'For Better, For Worse: Life Satisfaction Consequences of Migration' was conducted by Gordon F.De Jong et al. The results showed considerable similarity between the theoretical predictors of increased and decreased post- 15move satisfaction by migration type. The mental stress was analyzed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The comparative analysis between the ofce workers showed that 66% of ofce workers in India have higher stress level as compared to the 34% of ofce workers in Oman. On the other hand, the labors working in India and Oman have almost the same level of mental stress with 47% of labors in India and 53% of labors in Oman having high stress level. Shotaro Doki et al conducted a similar study on Stress of Working Abroad: a systematic review. It concludes that foreign-born workers are suffering from acculturation and 13occupational stress. The Musculoskeletal Discomfort Form was used to determine the physical stress and the work related discomfort and pain among the two groups of ofce workers and labors. Both groups marked the areas of distribution of discomfort. It was investigated that the ofce workers reported discomfort in the neck and the back region. The labors' group reported discomfort in the knee, shoulder and the ankle region. Vari able Ofce Workers in Oman N=52 Ofce Workers in India N=52 Mean Standard deviation Mean Standard deviation t- value Signica nce level PSS 12.7307 4.343 30.5576 4.1746 -20.61* 0.000 LSS 30.2692 2.9777 19.7115 3.189 -16.54* 0.000 Vari able Labours Working in Oman N=48 Labours Working in India N=48 Mean Standard deviation Mean Standard deviation t- value Signica nce level PSS 16.5416 3.6739 19.25 6.6795 -2.57 0.0667 LSS 12.6041 1.932 25.593 2.7586 -27.70* 0.000 OFFICE WORKER IN OMAN OFFICE WORKER IN INDIA a)Life satisfaction 62% 38% b)High stress level 34% 66% LABORS IN OMAN LABORS IN INDIA a)Life satisfaction 43% 57% b)High stress level 53% 47% INDIANS Job satisfaction 23% Support family 30% Work in abroad 16% Mental stress 15% Physical stress 16% Job satisfaction 28% Family support 19% Living conditions 20% Continue working in Oman 24% Return to India 9% NRIs X 23GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS VOLUME-9, ISSUE-3, MARCH-2020 • PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8160 • DOI : 10.36106/gjra The study also carried a Research Assisted Questionnaire to better understand the factors involved and contributing to the aspects of stress and satisfaction with life. The questionnaire consisted of 5 questions each for the Indian population, which are ofce workers and labors working in India; and the non- resident Indian population, which are the ofce workers and labors working in Oman respectively. The questions had to be answered in 'yes' or 'no'. Considering the Indian population rst, this was a total of 100 participants, 52 ofce workers and 48 labors. Out of the total population 30% agree on having a family to support, 23% are satised with their current job, 16% agree that their workload gives them physical stress, 15% agree that their workload gives them mental stress and 16% wish to work in abroad. Coming on to the non-resident Indian population, this was also a total of 100 participants, 52 ofce workers and 48 labors. Out of the total population 26% wish to continue working in Oman, 28% are satised with their job, 22% are satised with their living conditions in the country, 20% have their family living with them in Oman and 9% wish to permanently return to India. P.Kameswara et al conducted a similar study on Perceptual Factors in Quality of Work Life of Indian Employees. Results from the factor analysis suggest four dimensions of QWL labeled favorable work environment, personal growth and autonomy, nature of job and stimulating opportunities and co- 21workers. CONCLUSION In our comparative study on physical stress, mental stress and life satisfaction among the Indians working in India and the Indian expatriates working in Oman, the data analysis was done by dividing the population into four groups, viz. ofce workers in India, ofce workers in Oman, labors in India and labors in Oman. Results were obtained by comparing the two groups of ofce workers and the two groups of labors. Considering mental stress, the ofce workers in India have high stress level as compared to the ofce workers in Oman. On the other hand, the labors working both in India and Oman are facing high stress levels. It was found that in case of life satisfaction, the ofce workers in Oman are more satised with life than the ofce workers in India whereas, the labors working in Oman are less satised with life as compared to the labors working in India. It was found that the neck and lower back areas are more affected among the ofce workers and the knees, shoulders and ankles are the areas of discomfort among the labors. It is evident that more and more Indians are migrating to foreign countries for better job opportunities and a better lifestyle. For the well educated population the quest to work abroad seems to be achievable and in most cases turns out in their favor. But the skilled and the unskilled labor population of India who dream of working abroad need not necessarily end up with the expected results. Therefore it is important to identify the different factors that act as a barrier for both population and the problems that they face in different working conditions in order to resolve them. Conicts of interest: The authors report no conicts of interest in this work. Findings sources: Self Ethical clearance: Necessary permission was obtained from the head of superintendent to conduct the study. Verbal consent and written consent were obtained from all the men who elected to participate in the survey. REFERENCES 1. AMBOSS Prepare and succeed on your medical exams. https:// www. amboss.com/us/knowledge/ Airway_management. 2. 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