







































Biyaheng Padyak: The Psychological Well-Being, Experiences and Challenges Faced by Senior Citizen Cyclists


 Global Journal of Education and Allied  

Research (GJEAR) 
Volume.13, Number 1; January-2022; 

ISSN: 2837-3707 | Impact Factor: 6.79 

https://zapjournals.com/Journals/index.php/gjear  

Published By: Zendo Academic Publishing 

 

 

pg. 20 

PEDALING TOWARDS WELLNESS: EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGICAL 

WELL-BEING AND EXPERIENCES OF SENIOR CITIZEN CYCLISTS IN 

THE PHILIPPINES 
 
1Jose Miguel Santos De Guzman 

 

Article Info  Abstract 

Keywords: cycling, elderly 

adults, physical health, mental 

health, quality of life. 

 Cycling has emerged as a prominent recreational activity, mode of 

transportation, and sport among elderly adults in the Philippines. This 

study investigates the multifaceted advantages of cycling for this 

demographic group. Extensive research demonstrates that cycling 

offers substantial physical health benefits, serving as a means to stave 

off depression, anxiety, and other mental health challenges (Grant, 

2022). Moreover, Zander et al. (2013) assert that cycling has the 

potential to enhance the quality of life for older individuals, fostering 

feelings of empowerment, pride, and seamless integration into daily 

routines. Gladwin and Duncan (2022) further underline cycling's 

association with achievement, enjoyment, heightened self-esteem, and 

an increased sense of freedom. The present research seeks to 

comprehensively examine the holistic impact of cycling on the overall 

well-being of elderly adults in the Philippines. Through an exploration 

of the physical, psychological, and sociocultural dimensions, this study 

aims to provide valuable insights into the role of cycling in promoting 

healthy aging and improving the quality of life for the elderly 

population. The findings hold implications for healthcare practitioners, 

policymakers, and advocates, highlighting the potential of cycling as a 

holistic intervention to address various health-related and psychosocial 

challenges faced by older adults. 
 

Introduction  

Cycling is one of the typical recreational activities, transportation, and sport among elderly adults in the 

Philippines. Based on the study, cycling provides many benefits to physical health and is an excellent way for 

elderly adults to prevent depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues (Grant, 2022). In addition, Zander et 

al. (2013) explained that cycling might also contribute to improved quality of life for older people through a sense 

                                                           
1 Jesus Is Lord Colleges Foundation, Inc. - Philippines 

https://zapjournals.com/Journals/index.php/gjear


Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 21 

of empowerment and pride, and it can be incorporated easily into a daily routine. On the other hand, Gladwin and 

Duncan (2022) stated that cycling was associated with achievement, enjoyment, improved self-esteem, and 

enhanced freedom. Despite the benefits of cycling among older adults, a study shows that those above 60 

commonly experience injuries due to physical health, calcium deficiency, physical activity, and bone mineral 

density (Kane, 2022). However, cycling is still an option for many seniors as long as they take the necessary 

precautions and wear protective gear to ensure their safety while cycling (Kane, 2022). Thus, unemployment or 

retirement was positively associated with the likelihood of taking up recreational cycling during the COVID-19 

pandemic (Nguyen, 2022).    

Furthermore, as cycling becomes popular during pandemics, the road has been transformed to include building 

more bicycle lanes. Still, unfortunately, the infrastructure, policy, and enforcement are yet to catch up, resulting 

in increased bicycle road crashes and risk of injury (Pena, 2020; Luna, 2022). According to the Metro Manila 

Development Authority (MMDA) 's reported data, 82 cyclist deaths and 4,588 injuries were recorded from 2019-

2021 (Luna, 2022). Based on the written article by Luna (2022), the statement by non-profit AltMobility PH 

advocates for humane transport policy said that national bike lanes are generally substandard and risk the safety 

of users. Therefore, stricter enforcement should be implemented to meet the needs of the cycling community.  

On the other hand, as a person ages, they must rediscover life’s purpose because the original has altered. Engaging 

with life and finding activities to keep busy are the keys to finding purpose, which aids seniors in discovering 

meaning and improving their quality of life (Yen & Lin, 2018; Morgan et al., 2019). According to Erik Erikson's 

stages of Psychosocial Development (McLeod, 2018), person of different ages is experiencing a psychosocial 

crisis that could have positive and negative results for personality development; in the seventh stage of this theory 

which is generativity was stated that during middle adulthood ages 40 to 65 years old, the person was looking for 

the meaning of life through developing or nurturing things that will outlive an individual.  

Moreover, this study aims to explore the lived experiences and psychological well-being among senior citizen 

cyclists, their challenges, and how they cope with their situation to continue pedaling their passion despite their 

age. Thus, this study will serve as  a foundation for program development to create a program that will raise 

awareness and address  problems in the cycling community. 

Research Questions 

This study explores the lived experiences and psychological well-being among senior citizen cyclists. 

Specifically, this sought to answer the following questions:  

1. What are the lived experiences of a senior citizen cyclist?  

2. What are the challenges faced by a senior citizen cyclist?  

3. What are the coping mechanisms of a senior citizen cyclist?   

Methodology 

This study employed Heideggerian phenomenology to explore the participant's lived experiences. 

Participants of the Study   

The study's participants included fifteen (15) senior cyclists. Therefore, purposive sampling was used in  this 

study. The following inclusion criteria were used to find participants: the participants had to be:  

• senior Filipino cyclists;  

• 60 years of age or older; and  

• Willing to participate in the study and give their informed consent. 

Instruments of the Study   

Using a semi-structured interviewing process approved by a professional panel, it was possible to gather 

information about the senior cyclists' experiences and difficulties. This aids the researchers in providing relevant 



Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 22 

information about the participants. Each participant completed the consent form the researchers gave as proof of 

participation and receipt of the information disclosed. Following the validation, the interview focused on three 

parts of the participants' experiences: their experiences as senior cyclists, their challenges, and their coping 

methods. These three components were based on the following codes: (1) their lived experiences; (2) the 

challenges faced by senior cyclists; and (3) their coping mechanisms.  

Ethical Considerations 

The proposed data collection procedure and data collection tools will be reviewed and approved for this study. 

Ethical requirements are meticulously followed to ensure that approval is guaranteed. Before the study and the 

chosen research subjects, support will also be sought. As soon as the application is approved, respondents who 

meet the requirements for participation and have been identified will be requested to provide explicit consent in 

the form of written informed permission.  

The Data Privacy Act of 2012's standard procedure is followed, and written informed permission is discussed to 

protect the fundamental human right to privacy and communication while allowing the free flow of information 

to support innovation and progress. Senior cyclists are informed about their voluntary work and the nature and 

goals of the study. They are also aware that they can withdraw their interview at any moment and are informed of 

the study's personality and goals. Furthermore, confidentiality is covered; participants are assured that all 

information gathered for the study will be utilized only for research purposes and will not reveal their identities. 

It also requested additional permission for the voice tape of the interviews.  

Data Analysis Procedure (IPA)  

The overarching meaning of a phenomenon was found and described in this study using interpretative 

phenomenological analysis (IPA), a qualitative research method. Since it suspends the researchers' prior 

assumptions about the phenomenon and instead focuses on everyday human experiences, the IPA technique is 

particularly well suited for researching challenging, puzzling, or emotionally charged subjects.  

In Addition, a collection of communication is interpreted using a procedure called theme analysis, which typically 

results in some thematic framework. Neuendorf et al. (2018) state that the content analyst must choose between 

manifest and latent content before continuing to more complex stages of data analysis. Vaismoradi et al. (2016) 

thematic analysis researchers consider both when analyzing data. The three main steps in data analysis are coding, 

organizing codes under potential subthemes or themes, and comparing the emergent coding's clusters with one 

another and the entire data set.  

Results and Discussion   

The following part will present the analysis of the data gathered after a complex process. The following themes—

The Satisfaction, The Absorbers, and The Unbothered—were discovered in this study based on  the data gathered. 

The following subthemes were determined throughout the collection of data. 

The Satisfaction 

Life satisfaction is one of the most significant factors affecting an individual’s mental well-being and social 

relationships. Sourjah (2021) stated that high life satisfaction leads to improved psychological well- being, 

including mood stability, positive thoughts, optimism, and a clear sense of purpose in life. Additionally, according 

to studies, people who have a high level of life satisfaction have a 46% lower risk of depression (University of 

British Columbia, 2021) 

Most senior cyclists choose cycling as an exercise to keep their health in check. Based on the participants, they 

are satisfied when they achieve or obtain something they desire or consider necessary.  

Furthermore, Wilhelmson et al. (2013) show that older adults are almost as satisfied with life as younger people. 

Overall health, financial standing, recreational activities, community interactions such as volunteering, social 



Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 23 

relations, living situation, work status, and demographic characteristics have all been linked to life satisfaction in 

old age ( Park & Kang, 2022). 

Reaching Destination with Happiness  

According to Britannica (2022), defined happiness is a  state of psychological well-being that individual 

experiences, either in its most basic form, when  favorable events occur at a specific time or, more broadly, as a 

positive review of one's life and achievements over all—that is, subjective well-being.    

Furthermore, according to the study conducted by researchers, the senior cyclist participants describe their 

feelings toward cycling as an enjoyable experience once they reach the destination, which is  pretty fulfilling 

according to participant number 11 and the majority of the participant’s answers.  

“Enjoy. Sobrang enjoy yun kapag lalo’t narating mo yung destinasyon mo, yung pupuntahan niyo. Napaka saya”. 

(Enjoy. It’s really fun when you finally reach your destination. Quite fulfilling.)  

In addition, according to Cotnam 2020, cycling improved participants' health significantly, and happiness was 

associated with the preservation of quality of life among older cyclists.  

Feeling fulfilled  

Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes self- actualization as one of its central themes. Self- actualization is defined 

as the full realization of one's potential, as seen in peak experiences that involve the full development of one's 

skills and appreciation for life (Perera, 2020)  

Based on the responses provided by participant 5, when the interviewer asked what his realization in life as a 

senior cyclist he just answered with overflowing emotions that despite his age, he is still happy and proud to be a 

senior; he can still do his part as an older adult and can also do things like cycling, walking, and jogging, which 

makes him happy and satisfied.  

“Well, I’m happy. I’m proud to be a senior. And until now, I can do my part as a senior, and at the same time, I’m 

cycling, walking, and jogging. So I’m happy.”  

In addition, according to Pausanos, 2022 elderly individuals reported greater levels of emotional intelligence, life 

satisfaction, and spiritual growth, all of which contributed to self-actualization. The study concludes that the 

realization of self-actualization in older adults contributed to their capability as a human beings and their life 

insight. Self-actualization can be positive, emotionally comfortable, and optimistic to fully realize one's potential 

and live a more satisfying life.  

Feeling well connected  

The majority of participants stated that they meet many people and make friends while cycling. As participant 11 

said: “Marami akong nakikilalang mga ibang tao. Nagiging kaibigan ganun.” (I met a lot of people that I became 

friends with.)  

According to Miura et al., 2022 social connections are essential component of successful aging in older adults. 

Connecting with peers, relatives, and society can give life meaning, contribute significantly to happiness, and 

improve a person's psychological well- being.  

In addition, based on Lindsay (2018), cycling can also catalyze belongingness and a dynamic tool for combating 

a sense of isolation. It allows individuals to broaden their spatial networks and more easily engage with their 

surroundings, thereby increasing the possibility of social connection.   

The Absorbers 

Emotions are essential in every situation and experience that a person has. It enables an individual to prepare for 

behavior and significantly influences human cognitive processes such as perception, attention, learning, memory, 

reasoning, and problem- solving (Tyng et al., 2017).  



Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 24 

According to Gu (2019), stated that fundamental emotions are internal states that are controlled by 

neuromodulators. These internal states are expressed externally as certain stereotypical behaviors, such as 

intuition, which is thought to be one of the earliest mechanisms of survival. Happiness, sadness, fear, and anger 

are the four basic emotions. They are variously correlated with the three core effects of reward (happiness), 

punitive measures (sadness), and stress (fear and anger).  

It was a close call. Near-death experiences are too overwhelming to handle, and they can be emotionally difficult 

for those who experience them. Participant 15 claims that a negligent driver nearly caused him to lose either of 

his legs. Rather than offering assistance, the driver hit the participant and fled.  

“Yan isa pa yan yung mga motor na yan kase naaksidente ako ehh tinakbuhan ako ng motor yung isang bisikleta 

ko talagang wasak yun buti kamo hindi sa gitna tumama kung sa gitna yun ehh baka yung isang paa ko ehh putol 

kaya ang nangyari tinakbuhan pa ako non siya na ang may kasalanan siya pa yung  ano non kaya ang nangyare 

ang mahirap sa may mga motor naka bike ka lang siya sumisingit ayaw nilang magbibigay ayaw nilang mag 

bibiggay ng ano kaya mangyayare niyan minsan humihinto ako”. (I got an accident because of a reckless 

motorcyclist who never really mind their  

driving, and they left me after causing such trouble.  

The good thing is I wasn’t hit in the middle for it would really cost me my other leg. It’s a shame on their side for 

“hit-and-running” me.)  

An instinctive, intense, and primary human emotion is fear. It involves both a solid individual and emotional 

response. Fear makes us aware of the danger or the potential for harm, whether that danger is psychological or 

physical (Fritscher, 2022)  

In addition, participant 15 revealed that after that event, he make sure to slow down and stop to avoid any situation 

like that again.  

“Yung ano non kaya ang nangyare ang mahirap sa may mga motor naka bike ka lang, siya sumisingit ayaw nilang 

magbibigay ayaw nilang mag bibiggay ng ano kaya mangyayare niyan minsan humihinto  

ako”.(That’s why whenever I got to pass such sort of drivers, I make sure to slow and stop, to avoid that ever 

happening to me again.)  

Losing one’s comfort. Philippines roads frequently have potholes. Most roads that last received maintenance a 

while ago have them. This road issue develops when the pavement ages and creates a hole. It can be brought on 

by bad weather, heavy traffic, and a lack of cold patch pothole repair. As a result, these potholes serves as a danger 

and inconvenience among senior cyclist. As participant 3 stated that bumpy roads are huge trouble for them.  

“Yan yan pa ang isa pag baku kabo ehh laging malaking abala sa siklista yan dahil unang una pag baku bako 

ehh masisiraan ka mapa flat ka tapos yung mga pyase ng bike o mababago magluluwagan yan kaya kailangan i 

che check mo pagka uwi mo”. (Bumpy roads really are a big trouble for us cyclists because, first of all, it causes 

our tires to flatten and some unexpected damages from our bikes, that’s why after cycling, I should always check 

it.)  

Barata et al., 2016 stated that an emotional state known as irritability is characterized by a propensity to feel 

unpleasant affective states like anger, annoyance, and frustration, which may or  

may not be expressed in public.  

What a hard-headed!  

According to the Department of Public Works and Highways (2021), the construction of a dedicated road bike 

lane is intended to promote active transportation in the "New Normal." The Department of Public Works and 

Highways (DPWH) has constructed bike lane separators, reflectorized thermoplastic pavement markings, and 

road signage along important routes in Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Metro Davao to make it simpler for 



Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 25 

cyclists to go on them. The construction of dedicated lanes with concrete delineators, rubber bollards, steel 

railings, and solar studs on significant highways was another effort to encourage people to commute to work by 

bicycle. The bike lane network aims to promote active transportation, improve safety, and promote a fair 

distribution of road space. They further asserted that bicyclists needed a convenient and safe area. Therefore the 

Metropolitan Bike Lanes Network, which links cities, municipalities, and provinces, was established. 

Some bikers, however, are dissatisfied with how motorist dominates the bike lanes and prevents them from being 

used effectively. He stated that according  

to what participant 4 said in an interview;  

  

“Marami kaseng nagmomotorsiklo matitigas ang ulo dun sa bike lane ahh dinaanan nila hanggang ngayon na 

dapat ibigay na nila yon sa mga siklista” .( There were a lot of motorcycle riders who are so hard headed because 

they are passing on the bike lanes which they should give to the cyclists).  

According to TopGear Philippines (2021), numerous drivers have been caught abusing the bike lanes on Visayas 

Avenue, Luzon Avenue, and Katipunan Avenue. The Quezon City bike patrol flagged every type of vehicle, 

including motorcycles, tricycles, SUVs, and vans, without a single car being spared.  

This article, supports the participant’s complaint that those circumstances happened up until now, and it is still a 

nuisance for most cyclists that need the existing bicycle lanes.  

The Unbothered  

The idea that elderly adults are slow, weak, and frail is a common stereotype. However, the stories of senior 

cyclists demonstrate that their ability to ride to their passion is unaffected by their old age.  

Functional constraints and obstacles to independent living can affect life satisfaction—attitudes and beliefs about 

the quality of life. In addition, optimism can positively impact life satisfaction and lessen the detrimental effects 

of activity restrictions on life satisfaction (Usán Supervía et al., 2020).  

Additionally, patience enables the person to maintain composure in the face of difficulties, suffering, or setbacks. 

A decrease in depression and other negative emotions is one of the many positive health outcomes associated with 

this virtue (Goldfarb, 2018).   

Don’t Mind At All 

Some seniors have various attitudes regarding life, some of which appear to be based on their advanced age. 

According to Chateau La Jolla (2022), it seems as though we are being subtly taught that getting older is a bad 

thing that must be endured or that it renders us less capable. However, based on Participant 11's statement, he 

claimed that;   

“Sa akin hindi naman balakid yung pagiging matanda  

e. Basta yung good health ko lang ma-maintain ko. Maipagpapatuloy ko yung pagbabike ko.” (For me, my age is 

not a hindrance. As long as I maintain my good health. I can continue my cycling)  

This response from one of our participants shows that their age is not a barrier to their passion for riding. The 

Optimism Effect also claims that age is a number without boundaries. The only restrictions you place on yourself 

are those you set. Those brave never age; Henry Ford once remarked, "Whether you think you can, or you think 

you can't-you're right” (Chateau La Jolla, 2022).  

A placid nature. Being patient, understanding, and forgiving are some of the characteristics that an individual 

possesses. It is essential to have these qualities in ourselves, especially when we are put in a situation that will 

test our patience and how we will handle these situations by being understanding and, at the same time, forgiving 

others. As what participant 3 stated in his interview, he said that;  



Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 26 

“Pag ako ay nalalapit sa aksidente sabi ko nga. sayo nag aareglo yan naaksidente ako gaya ng sinabi ko  sayo 

pagka yung bisikleta ko ehh nasaktan na ako ehh talagang ganon eh ang tao naman ehh hindi naman  sabi nga 

sayo walang taong sasadyain ka ehh yun ang taong pinagpapasensyahan.” (As I told you, if I get  

close to an accident, it was unintentional. It can be solved through talking and agreement. If my bicycle and I got 

hurt, that’s part of cycling. We’re only human, no one does it intentionally and those   

people can be understood)  

  

Ernst (2018) said that research has shown that people's behavior in many settings can be strongly predicted by  

their patience. In addition, patience enables you to take a step back and reassess rather than retaliating violently 

or hastily giving up on someone aggravating you. Intuition lets you see things from a bigger,  more compassionate 

perspective and choose the appropriate course of action (Orloff, 2012).   

Conclusion  

    

Based on the research findings, the following conclusion was discussed: Cycling has a positive impact on senior 

cyclists' quality of life, mainly  because it makes them happy, which is a significant factor in helping them feel 

empowered and revitalize their social networks as well as have a high level of life satisfaction and enjoyment. 

Additionally, most  elderly cyclists had the support of their loved ones, who thought cycling would be an excellent 

activity for  elderly adults to have successful aging and independence.  

Moreover, senior citizen cyclists are strongly  encouraged to keep up their passion for cycling. Their motivation 

to keep pedaling to their destination can be increased by joining and participating in cycling organizations and 

groups. It was also advised that they  enter a riding group to improve their social  

connections, boost their self-confidence, and increase  their sense of safety while riding on the road. Further, the 

family of senior cyclists should continue to support their loved ones who are passionate about cycling.  According 

to the researchers, encouraging loved ones to pedal together would be a great activity to spend quality family 

time, foster mindfulness, and offer a great way to lower household carbon footprints and learn sustainable living 

practices.  

References 

ABC Australia (2021).78-year-old man feels 50 after clocking up 520,000km cycling 

worldwide.https://youtu.be/P85r-W0Ck6w  

Algorani, E. B., & Gupta, V. (2021). Coping mechanisms. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.  

Andersson, M. (2021). Older cyclists’ views on their possibilities to i m p r o v e  t h e i r  

safety.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349819091_Older_c 

yclists'_views_on_their_own_possibilities_to_improve_their_safety  

Barata PC, Holtzman S, Cunningham S, O'Connor BP, Stewart DE. Building a Definition of Irritability From 

Academic Definitions and  

Lay Descriptions. Emot Rev. 2016 Apr 8;8(2):164-172. doi: 10.1177/1754073915576228. PMID: 27134650; 

PMCID: PMC4848029.  

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/349819091_Older_c
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/349819091_Older_c


Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 27 

Baughn M, Arellano V, Hawthorne-Crosby B, Lightner JS, Grimes A, et al. (2022) Physical activity, balance, and 

bicycling in older a d u l t s .  PL OS  ONE  1 7 ( 1 2 ) :  e 0 2 7 3 8 8 0 .  

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273880   

Better Help (2022). What Is Psychological Distress? An Overview. 

https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/grief/what-is-psychological-distr ess-an-overview/  

Bicycling.(2017). It's Not Just a Bike—It's a Happiness 

Machine.https://www.bicycling.com/news/g20028263/its-not-just-a- bike-its-a-happiness-machine  

Blue Moon Senior Counseling (2019). Development of Coping S k i l l s . 

https://bluemoonseniorcounseling.com/specialties/development-of-c oping-skills/Britannica, The Editors 

of Encyclopaedia. "happiness".  

E n c y c l o p e d i a B ri t a n n i c a ,  29  Sep. 

2022,https://www.britannica.com/topic/happiness.%20Accessed%2016% 20December%202022.  

Bta4bikes.org , (2016). Cycling Safety Equipment. http://www.bta4bikes.org/cycling-safety-equipment/  

Cacioppo JT, Cacioppo S (2014) Older adults reporting social isolation or loneliness show poorer cognitive 

function 4 years later. E v i d - B a s e d  Nurs  1 7 ( 2 ) : 5 9 – 6 0 . https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2013-

101379   

Canadian Mental Health Association. (2022)Connection Between  

M e n t a l  a n d  P h y s i c a l H e a l t h .https://ontario.cmha.ca/documents/connection-between-mental-

and- physical-health  

Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(2015). Bicycle 

Safety.https://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/bicycle/index.html?  

Centre for Policy on Ageing (2014). Resilience in Older Age. http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-

Rapid-Review-Res ilience-and-recovery.pdf  

Centre  for  Road  Safety,  (2022).Safe riding.https://roadsafety.transport.nsw.gov.au/stayingsafe/bicycle-

riders/safe-riding.html#Chartwell (2015). Senior cyclists prove it’s never too l a t e t o g e t a c t i v e . 

https://chartwell.com/en/blog/2015/08/senior-cyclists-prove-its-neve  r-too-late-to-get-active  

Chateau La Jolla, (2022). Age Is Just A Number.  https://chateaulajollainn.com/wellness/age-is-just-a-number/  

Chen T.,Cruz, G., Vu, C., & Saito, Y. (2021).Falls among older adults in the Philippines and Vietnam: Results 

from nationally representative samples, Innovation in Aging, Volume 5, Issue   

S u p p l e m e n t _ 1 ,  2 0 2 1 ,  Page  1 0 3 3 , https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3696   

http://www.betterhelp.com/advice/grief/what-is-psychological-distr
http://www.betterhelp.com/advice/grief/what-is-psychological-distr
http://www.betterhelp.com/advice/grief/what-is-psychological-distr
http://www.betterhelp.com/advice/grief/what-is-psychological-distr
http://www.betterhelp.com/advice/grief/what-is-psychological-distr
http://www.betterhelp.com/advice/grief/what-is-psychological-distr
http://www.betterhelp.com/advice/grief/what-is-psychological-distr
http://www.betterhelp.com/advice/grief/what-is-psychological-distr
http://www.bicycling.com/news/g20028263/its-not-just-a-
http://www.bicycling.com/news/g20028263/its-not-just-a-
http://www.bicycling.com/news/g20028263/its-not-just-a-
http://www.bicycling.com/news/g20028263/its-not-just-a-
http://www.bicycling.com/news/g20028263/its-not-just-a-
http://www.bicycling.com/news/g20028263/its-not-just-a-
http://www.bicycling.com/news/g20028263/its-not-just-a-
http://www.bicycling.com/news/g20028263/its-not-just-a-
http://www.britannica.com/topic/happiness.%20Accessed%2016%25
http://www.britannica.com/topic/happiness.%20Accessed%2016%25
http://www.bta4bikes.org/cycling-safety-equipment/
http://www.bta4bikes.org/cycling-safety-equipment/
http://www.bta4bikes.org/cycling-safety-equipment/
http://www.bta4bikes.org/cycling-safety-equipment/
http://www.bta4bikes.org/cycling-safety-equipment/
http://www.bta4bikes.org/cycling-safety-equipment/
http://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/bicycle/index.html
http://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/bicycle/index.html
http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-Rapid-Review-Res
http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-Rapid-Review-Res
http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-Rapid-Review-Res
http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-Rapid-Review-Res
http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-Rapid-Review-Res
http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-Rapid-Review-Res
http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-Rapid-Review-Res
http://www.cpa.org.uk/information/reviews/CPA-Rapid-Review-Res


Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 28 

Cherry, K. (2022). What Is Happiness?Defining Happiness, and How  t o  B e c o m e  H a p p i e r . 

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755    

Cho, H., Li, P., & Goh, Z. H. (2020). Privacy risks, emotions, and social media: A coping model of online privacy. 

ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 27(6), 1-28.   

Cotnam, Victoria, "Exploring the Effects of the Cycling Without Age Program on Older Adults Living in Long-

Term Care" (2020). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 7374.  https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/7374  

Curtis E, Litwic A, Cooper C, Dennison E. Determinants of Muscle and Bone Aging. J Cell Physiol. 2015 

Nov;230(11):2618-25. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25001. PMID: 25820482; PMCID: PMC4530476.     

David K.,Bautista L.& Darisan L. (2019). Psychological Distress of The Elderly in Selected Barangays in 

Caoayan, Ilocos Sur   

Davidson, K. (2021). Why Do We Need Endorphins? https://www.healthline.com/health/endorphins   

De Frias C.M., Whyne E. Stress on health-related quality of life in older adults: The protective nature of 

mindfulness. Aging Ment. Health. 2015;19:201–206. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2014.924090.    

Department of Public Works and Highways (2021). DPWH  

Promotes Active Transport in ‘New Normal’ by Constructing D e d i c a t e d  R o a d  B i k e  L a n e 

.  https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/news/23476    

Duquesne University (2022) Research Instruments, Home - Research Instruments - LibGuides at Duquesne 

University  https://guides.library.duq.edu/researchinstruments 

Eckstrom E, Neukam S, Kalin L, Wright J. Physical Activity and Healthy Aging. Clin Geriatr Med. 2020 

Nov;36(4):671-683. doi:  10.1016/j.cger.2020.06.009. Epub 2020 Aug 19. PMID: 33010902.  

Ernst, C. P. H. (2018). What drives in-app purchase intention in video games? An examination of patience and 

the enjoyment of routine tasks.    

Esmaeilikia, M., Radun, I., Grzebieta, R. & Olivier, J. (2019). Bicycle helmets and risky behaviour: A systematic 

review. DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2018.10.026   

Freed, J. (2022). Cycling can make you happier, healthier, and even s m a r t e r .  

 https://momentummag.com/cycling-can-make-you-happier-healthier-and-even-smarter  Friedrich 

Naumann Foundation (2021). Bikenomics: Assessing the  

V a l u e o f C y c l i n g i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s . https://www.freiheit.org/philippines/bikenomics-assessing-

value-cyc ling-philippines  

F r i t c h e r ,  L  .  ( 2 0 2 2 ) .  W  h  a  t  Is  F e a r ?https://www.verywellmind.com/the-

%20psychology-of-fear-267169 6  

http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755
http://www.healthline.com/health/endorphins
http://www.healthline.com/health/endorphins
http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/news/23476
http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/news/23476
http://www.freiheit.org/philippines/bikenomics-assessing-value-cyc
http://www.freiheit.org/philippines/bikenomics-assessing-value-cyc
http://www.freiheit.org/philippines/bikenomics-assessing-value-cyc
http://www.freiheit.org/philippines/bikenomics-assessing-value-cyc
http://www.freiheit.org/philippines/bikenomics-assessing-value-cyc
http://www.freiheit.org/philippines/bikenomics-assessing-value-cyc
http://www.freiheit.org/philippines/bikenomics-assessing-value-cyc
http://www.freiheit.org/philippines/bikenomics-assessing-value-cyc
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169
http://www.verywellmind.com/the-%20psychology-of-fear-267169


Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 29 

Forster, M., Grigsby, T., Rogers, C., Unger, J., Alvarado, S., Rainisch, B., & Areba, E. (2022). Perceived 

discrimination, coping styles, and internalizing symptoms among a community sample of Hispanic and 

Somali adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 70(3), 488-495.  

Gallardo,F.(2021,November 16). As Kagay-anons embrace bicycles during pandemic, CDO prompted to create 

bike lanes.https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/11/as-kagay-an ons-embrace-bicycles-during-

pandemic-cdo-prompted-to-create- bike-lanes/  

Geng C. (2021, May 27). 10 benefits of cycling. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/benefits-of-

cycling#ris ks-and-safety GetMeds.ph.(2022). 10 Health Benefits of Riding a Cycle at Old and  

Yo un g  Age.  https://getmeds.ph/blog/10-health-benefits-of-riding-a-cycle  

Glackin, O. & Beale, J. (2018) ‘The world is best experienced at 18 mph’. The psychological wellbeing effects 

of cycling in the countryside: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Qualitative Research in Sport, 

Exercise and Health, 10:1, 32-46, DOI: 10.1080/2159676X.2017.1360381  

Gladwin,K. & Duncan,M. (2022) COVID-19′s impact on older adults’ cycling behaviors in a small, auto-centric 

urban area. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Volume 1 6 , 2 0 2 2 , 1 0 0 6 7 5 ,  IS 

S N  2 5 9 0 1 9 8 2  ,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100675.(https://www.sciencedire 

ct.com/science/article/pii/S259019822200135X)Grant,S.(2022,Sept. 01) The Many, Many Benefits Of 

Cycling For Seniors.https://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/  

Grant, S. (2022). The Many, Many Benefits Of Cycling For Seniors. https://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-

of-cycling-for-seniors/  

Goldfarb, A. (2018). How to Be a More Patient Person.https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/05/smarter-living/how-

to- be-a-more-patient-person.html  

Gu, S., Wang, F., Patel, N., Bourgeois, J., & Huang, J. (2019). A Model for Basic Emotions Using Observations 

of Behavior in Drosophila. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00781  

Horrigan-Kelly, M., Millar, M., & Dowling, M. (2016). Understanding the Key Tenets of Heidegger’s Philosophy 

for Interpretive Phenomenological Research. International Journal of Q u a l i t a t i v e  M e t h o d s , 

 1 5 ( 1 ) . https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406916680634   

Ikpeze TC, Glaun G, McCalla D, Elfar JC. Geriatric Cyclists: Assessing Risks, Safety, and Benefits. Geriatr 

Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2018  Jan  23;  9 : 2 1 5 1 4 5 8 5 1 7 7 4 8 7 4 2 .  doi:  10.1177/2151458517748742. 

 PMID:  29383267;  PMCID: PMC5784561.  

Importance of Physical Activity and Exercise during the COVID-19  

P a n d e m i c . ( 2 0 2 2 )  .https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/psychiatry/michigan-psychiatry-res ources-covid-

19/your-lifestyle/importance-physical-activity- exercise-during-covid-19-pandemic  

http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/11/as-kagay-an
http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/11/as-kagay-an
http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/11/as-kagay-an
http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/11/as-kagay-an
http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/11/as-kagay-an
http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/11/as-kagay-an
http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/11/as-kagay-an
http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2021/11/as-kagay-an
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/benefits-of-cycling#ris
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/benefits-of-cycling#ris
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/benefits-of-cycling#ris
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/benefits-of-cycling#ris
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/benefits-of-cycling#ris
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/benefits-of-cycling#ris
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.grayingwithgrace.com/benefits-of-cycling-for-seniors/
http://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/05/smarter-living/how-to-
http://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/05/smarter-living/how-to-
http://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/05/smarter-living/how-to-
http://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/05/smarter-living/how-to-
http://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/05/smarter-living/how-to-
http://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/05/smarter-living/how-to-


Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 30 

Injury Prevention & Control: Bicycle Safety. Published February 2 0 1 5 , Up d at ed June 2 0 1 7  

https://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/bicycle/. Accessed July 2016. [Ref list]MacLeod S,  

P. E., Lim, B. T., Kim, S., & Bryant, F. B.(2018). Does savoring mediate the relationships between explanatory 

style and Link.(2021). Cycling: Building Physical Strength and Community  

https://www.linkreit.com/en/media/channel823/wellness/benefits-of- cycling  

Lumiguide.(2019). The benefits of cycling is more than reduction of  t r a f f i c . https://lumi.guide/the-benefits-

of-cycling-is-more-than-reduction-of- traffic  

Luna, F. (2022, June.02) On World Bicycle Day, transport group says Filipino cyclists 'should arrive alive'.Philstar 

global. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/02/2185531/world-bicy cle-day-transport-group-

says-filipino-cyclists-should-arrive-alive 

Ma, L., Ye R., & Wang H. (2021).Exploring the causal effects of bicycling for transportation on mental health. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102773   

Matud MP, García MC. Psychological Distress and Social  Functioning in Elderly Spanish People: A Gender 

Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 26;16(3):341. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16030341. PMID: 

30691104; PMCID: PMC6388209.  

McLeod, S. A. (2018, May 03). Erik Erikson's stages of p s y c h o s o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t . S i m p l y  

Psychology.https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html  

Meyerson,J.,Gelkopf,m.,Eli,I., & Uziel,    N. (2022) Stress Coping Strategies, Burnout, Secondary 

Traumatic Stress, and Compassion Satisfaction Amongst Israeli Dentists: A Cross-  sectional 

Study,International Dental Journal,Volume 72, Issue 4 , 2 0 2 2 , P a g e s 4 7 6 - 4 8 3 , I S S N  0020-

6539,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2021.09.006.  

Ministry of Health, (2020, January 20). Elderly Health.  

https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HealthAwareness/EducationalContent/Health-of-Older-Persons/Pages/What-

Is-Aging.aspx     

Miura, K.W., Sekiguchi, T., Otake-Matsuura, M. et al. Patterns of social relationships among community-dwelling 

older adults in Japan: latent class analysis. BMC Geriatr 22, 75 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-

022-02748-7 

Moore N, Houghton J, Lyle S. Slow-cycling therapy-resistant cancer cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2012;21(10):1822–

1830. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]    

Morgan, G.S., Willmott, M., Ben-Shlomo, Y. et al. A life fulfilled: positively influencing physical activity in older 

adults – a systematic review and meta-ethnography. BMC Public Health 19, 362 (2019). 

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6624-5  

http://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/bicycle/
http://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/bicycle/
http://www.linkreit.com/en/media/channel823/wellness/benefits-of-
http://www.linkreit.com/en/media/channel823/wellness/benefits-of-
http://www.linkreit.com/en/media/channel823/wellness/benefits-of-
http://www.linkreit.com/en/media/channel823/wellness/benefits-of-
http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/02/2185531/world-bicy
http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/02/2185531/world-bicy
http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/02/2185531/world-bicy
http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/06/02/2185531/world-bicy
http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html
http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html
http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html
http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html
http://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HealthAwareness/EducationalContent/H


Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 31 

Neuendorf, K. A. (2018). Content analysis and thematic analysis. In Advanced research methods for applied 

psychology (pp. 211-223). Routledge.  

Nguyen, M. H., & Pojani, D. (2022). The emergence of recreational cycling in Hanoi during the Covid-19 

pandemic. Journal of Transport & Health, 24, 101332.  

Olivier, J. & Creighton, P. (2017) Bicycle injuries and helmet use: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 

International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 46, Issue 1, February 2017, Pages 278–292, 

https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw153  

Orloff, J.(2012). Psychology today. The Power of Patience. The importance of patience as a coping skill and how 

to achieve it. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotional-freedom/2012 09/the-power-patience  

Pang, L. H. G., & Thomas, S. J. (2020). Exposure to domestic violence during adolescence: Coping strategies and 

attachment styles as early moderators and their relationship to functioning during adulthood. Journal of 

Child & Adolescent Trauma, 13(2), 185-198.  

Park JH, Kang SW. Factors Related to Life Satisfaction of Older Adults at Home: A Focus on Residential 

Conditions. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Jul 10;10(7):1279. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10071279. PMID: 

35885806; PMCID: PMC9316249.  

Patria, B. Modeling the effects of physical activity, education, health, and subjective wealth on happiness based 

on Indonesian national survey data. BMC Public Health 22, 959 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-

022-13371-x  

Pausanos, M. (2022). Attaining self-actualization among older adults. 

https://www.herdin.ph/index.php?view=research&cid=63393  

Pednault, K. (2022). What Is Serotonin? The purpose of serotonin, ways to increaseit,andhowmuchis tomuch. 

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-serotonin-425327  

Pelonia,A (2022,July 07).Bumpy road ahead for Pinoy bikers: discrimination, substandard infrastructure among 

daily hazards.https://philstarlife.com/news-and-views/388617-pinoy-biker s-discrimination-hazards-

bike-safety?  

Peña, D. (2020, Nov.27) As cycling booms during pandemic, a d v o c a t e s p e d a l t o w a r d s u s t a i n a b l 

e transport.Rappler.com.https://www.rappler.com/moveph/cycling-ad vocates-pedal-sustainable-

transport-forward/  

People for bikes (2021). How Bicycling Changed During A P a n d e m i c .  

https://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/how-bicycling-changed-durin    

pandemic?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIot3ngNqd_AIVjh0rCh3VyAIiEAA YASAAEgJOwvD_BwE  

Perera, A (2020, Sept 04). Self-actualization. Simply Psychology. -actualization.html 

http://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotional-freedom/2012
http://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotional-freedom/2012
http://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotional-freedom/2012
http://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotional-freedom/2012
http://www.herdin.ph/index.php?view=research&cid=63393
http://www.herdin.ph/index.php?view=research&cid=63393
http://www.herdin.ph/index.php?view=research&cid=63393
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-serotonin-425327
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-serotonin-425327
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-serotonin-425327
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-serotonin-425327
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-serotonin-425327
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-serotonin-425327
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-serotonin-425327
http://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-serotonin-425327
http://www.rappler.com/moveph/cycling-ad
http://www.rappler.com/moveph/cycling-ad
http://www.rappler.com/moveph/cycling-ad
http://www.rappler.com/moveph/cycling-ad
http://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/how-bicycling-changed-durin
http://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/how-bicycling-changed-durin
http://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/how-bicycling-changed-durin
http://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/how-bicycling-changed-durin
http://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/how-bicycling-changed-durin
http://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/how-bicycling-changed-durin
http://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/how-bicycling-changed-durin
http://www.peopleforbikes.org/news/how-bicycling-changed-durin
http://www.simplypsychology.org/self-actualization.html
http://www.simplypsychology.org/self-actualization.html


Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) 
 

pg. 32 

Prins, R. & Lenthe, F.(2015). The hour-to-hour influence of weather conditions on walking and cycling among 

Dutch older adults. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv103Popov, S., Sokić, J., & Stupar, D. (2021). Activity 

matters: Physical exercise and stress coping during the 2020 COVID-19 state of emergency. Psihologija, 

54(3), 307-322.   

Reyes, K. (2020). This head-turner lolo is the most youthful biker y o u ’ l l see o n t h e s t r e e t s t o d a y . 

https://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil -gener-palomar-shares-his-story-

a2442-20200823  

Sapranaviciute-Zabazlajeva L.,Luksiene D., Virviciute D.,  Kranciukaite-Butylkiniene D., Bobak M., & 

Tamosiunas A. (2018). Changes in psychological well-being among older Lithuanian city dwellers: 

Results from a cohort study. Vol. 18. Issue 3. International  

Journal  of Clinical  and Health Psychology. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.05.002   Journal of Environmental 

Research and Public Health, 16(24), 4954–. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244954  

TopGear Philippines, 2021. Motoring News 2021: QC Bike-lane violators, LTO 10-year license (topgear.com.ph)  

Torralba, A. (2017). Cycling: Not fun in the Philippines. https://verafiles.org/articles/cycling-not-fun-philippines  

Tyng, C., Amin, H., Saad, M., & Malik, A. (2017). The Influences o f E m o t i o n o n L e a r n i n g a n d M e m 

o r y . https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454   

University of British Columbia. (2021, March 3). High life satisfaction linked to better overall health. 

ScienceDaily. Retrieved D e c e m b e r  2 2 ,  2 0 2 2  from 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210303091405.htm  

Usán Supervía P, Salavera Bordás C, Murillo Lorente V. Exploring the Psychological Effects of Optimism on Life 

Satisfaction in Students: The Mediating Role of Goal Orientations. Int J Environ  

Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 28;17(21):7887. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217887. PMID: 33126438; PMCID: 

PMC7663095.  

Useche, S., Montoro, L., Sanmartin, J., & Alonso, F.Healthy but risky: A descriptive study on cyclists’ 

encouraging and discouraging factors for using bicycles, habits and safety outcomes,Transportation 

Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,Volume  

Zander,A.,Passmore,E. Mason,C.Rissel,C.(2013) Joy, Exercise, Enjoyment, Getting out: A Qualitative Study of 

Older People's Experience of Cycling in Sydney, Australia, Journal of E n v i r o n m e n t a l a n d P u b 

l i c H e a l t h , https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/547453 

 

http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.spin.ph/life/cars-and-tech/viral-senior-citizen-cyclist-gil
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210303091405.htm
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210303091405.htm

