Biyaheng Padyak: The Psychological Well-Being, Experiences and Challenges Faced by Senior Citizen Cyclists Global Journal of Education and Allied Research (GJEAR) Volume.13, Number 1; January-2022; ISSN: 2837-3707 | Impact Factor: 6.79 https://zapjournals.com/Journals/index.php/gjear Published By: Zendo Academic Publishing pg. 20 PEDALING TOWARDS WELLNESS: EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND EXPERIENCES OF SENIOR CITIZEN CYCLISTS IN THE PHILIPPINES 1Jose Miguel Santos De Guzman Article Info Abstract Keywords: cycling, elderly adults, physical health, mental health, quality of life. Cycling has emerged as a prominent recreational activity, mode of transportation, and sport among elderly adults in the Philippines. This study investigates the multifaceted advantages of cycling for this demographic group. Extensive research demonstrates that cycling offers substantial physical health benefits, serving as a means to stave off depression, anxiety, and other mental health challenges (Grant, 2022). Moreover, Zander et al. (2013) assert that cycling has the potential to enhance the quality of life for older individuals, fostering feelings of empowerment, pride, and seamless integration into daily routines. Gladwin and Duncan (2022) further underline cycling's association with achievement, enjoyment, heightened self-esteem, and an increased sense of freedom. The present research seeks to comprehensively examine the holistic impact of cycling on the overall well-being of elderly adults in the Philippines. Through an exploration of the physical, psychological, and sociocultural dimensions, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the role of cycling in promoting healthy aging and improving the quality of life for the elderly population. The findings hold implications for healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and advocates, highlighting the potential of cycling as a holistic intervention to address various health-related and psychosocial challenges faced by older adults. Introduction Cycling is one of the typical recreational activities, transportation, and sport among elderly adults in the Philippines. Based on the study, cycling provides many benefits to physical health and is an excellent way for elderly adults to prevent depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues (Grant, 2022). In addition, Zander et al. (2013) explained that cycling might also contribute to improved quality of life for older people through a sense 1 Jesus Is Lord Colleges Foundation, Inc. - Philippines https://zapjournals.com/Journals/index.php/gjear Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) pg. 21 of empowerment and pride, and it can be incorporated easily into a daily routine. On the other hand, Gladwin and Duncan (2022) stated that cycling was associated with achievement, enjoyment, improved self-esteem, and enhanced freedom. Despite the benefits of cycling among older adults, a study shows that those above 60 commonly experience injuries due to physical health, calcium deficiency, physical activity, and bone mineral density (Kane, 2022). However, cycling is still an option for many seniors as long as they take the necessary precautions and wear protective gear to ensure their safety while cycling (Kane, 2022). Thus, unemployment or retirement was positively associated with the likelihood of taking up recreational cycling during the COVID-19 pandemic (Nguyen, 2022). Furthermore, as cycling becomes popular during pandemics, the road has been transformed to include building more bicycle lanes. Still, unfortunately, the infrastructure, policy, and enforcement are yet to catch up, resulting in increased bicycle road crashes and risk of injury (Pena, 2020; Luna, 2022). According to the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) 's reported data, 82 cyclist deaths and 4,588 injuries were recorded from 2019- 2021 (Luna, 2022). Based on the written article by Luna (2022), the statement by non-profit AltMobility PH advocates for humane transport policy said that national bike lanes are generally substandard and risk the safety of users. Therefore, stricter enforcement should be implemented to meet the needs of the cycling community. On the other hand, as a person ages, they must rediscover life’s purpose because the original has altered. Engaging with life and finding activities to keep busy are the keys to finding purpose, which aids seniors in discovering meaning and improving their quality of life (Yen & Lin, 2018; Morgan et al., 2019). According to Erik Erikson's stages of Psychosocial Development (McLeod, 2018), person of different ages is experiencing a psychosocial crisis that could have positive and negative results for personality development; in the seventh stage of this theory which is generativity was stated that during middle adulthood ages 40 to 65 years old, the person was looking for the meaning of life through developing or nurturing things that will outlive an individual. Moreover, this study aims to explore the lived experiences and psychological well-being among senior citizen cyclists, their challenges, and how they cope with their situation to continue pedaling their passion despite their age. Thus, this study will serve as a foundation for program development to create a program that will raise awareness and address problems in the cycling community. Research Questions This study explores the lived experiences and psychological well-being among senior citizen cyclists. Specifically, this sought to answer the following questions: 1. What are the lived experiences of a senior citizen cyclist? 2. What are the challenges faced by a senior citizen cyclist? 3. What are the coping mechanisms of a senior citizen cyclist? Methodology This study employed Heideggerian phenomenology to explore the participant's lived experiences. Participants of the Study The study's participants included fifteen (15) senior cyclists. Therefore, purposive sampling was used in this study. The following inclusion criteria were used to find participants: the participants had to be: • senior Filipino cyclists; • 60 years of age or older; and • Willing to participate in the study and give their informed consent. Instruments of the Study Using a semi-structured interviewing process approved by a professional panel, it was possible to gather information about the senior cyclists' experiences and difficulties. This aids the researchers in providing relevant Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) pg. 22 information about the participants. Each participant completed the consent form the researchers gave as proof of participation and receipt of the information disclosed. Following the validation, the interview focused on three parts of the participants' experiences: their experiences as senior cyclists, their challenges, and their coping methods. These three components were based on the following codes: (1) their lived experiences; (2) the challenges faced by senior cyclists; and (3) their coping mechanisms. Ethical Considerations The proposed data collection procedure and data collection tools will be reviewed and approved for this study. Ethical requirements are meticulously followed to ensure that approval is guaranteed. Before the study and the chosen research subjects, support will also be sought. As soon as the application is approved, respondents who meet the requirements for participation and have been identified will be requested to provide explicit consent in the form of written informed permission. The Data Privacy Act of 2012's standard procedure is followed, and written informed permission is discussed to protect the fundamental human right to privacy and communication while allowing the free flow of information to support innovation and progress. Senior cyclists are informed about their voluntary work and the nature and goals of the study. They are also aware that they can withdraw their interview at any moment and are informed of the study's personality and goals. Furthermore, confidentiality is covered; participants are assured that all information gathered for the study will be utilized only for research purposes and will not reveal their identities. It also requested additional permission for the voice tape of the interviews. Data Analysis Procedure (IPA) The overarching meaning of a phenomenon was found and described in this study using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), a qualitative research method. Since it suspends the researchers' prior assumptions about the phenomenon and instead focuses on everyday human experiences, the IPA technique is particularly well suited for researching challenging, puzzling, or emotionally charged subjects. In Addition, a collection of communication is interpreted using a procedure called theme analysis, which typically results in some thematic framework. Neuendorf et al. (2018) state that the content analyst must choose between manifest and latent content before continuing to more complex stages of data analysis. Vaismoradi et al. (2016) thematic analysis researchers consider both when analyzing data. The three main steps in data analysis are coding, organizing codes under potential subthemes or themes, and comparing the emergent coding's clusters with one another and the entire data set. Results and Discussion The following part will present the analysis of the data gathered after a complex process. The following themes— The Satisfaction, The Absorbers, and The Unbothered—were discovered in this study based on the data gathered. The following subthemes were determined throughout the collection of data. The Satisfaction Life satisfaction is one of the most significant factors affecting an individual’s mental well-being and social relationships. Sourjah (2021) stated that high life satisfaction leads to improved psychological well- being, including mood stability, positive thoughts, optimism, and a clear sense of purpose in life. Additionally, according to studies, people who have a high level of life satisfaction have a 46% lower risk of depression (University of British Columbia, 2021) Most senior cyclists choose cycling as an exercise to keep their health in check. Based on the participants, they are satisfied when they achieve or obtain something they desire or consider necessary. Furthermore, Wilhelmson et al. (2013) show that older adults are almost as satisfied with life as younger people. Overall health, financial standing, recreational activities, community interactions such as volunteering, social Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) pg. 23 relations, living situation, work status, and demographic characteristics have all been linked to life satisfaction in old age ( Park & Kang, 2022). Reaching Destination with Happiness According to Britannica (2022), defined happiness is a state of psychological well-being that individual experiences, either in its most basic form, when favorable events occur at a specific time or, more broadly, as a positive review of one's life and achievements over all—that is, subjective well-being. Furthermore, according to the study conducted by researchers, the senior cyclist participants describe their feelings toward cycling as an enjoyable experience once they reach the destination, which is pretty fulfilling according to participant number 11 and the majority of the participant’s answers. “Enjoy. Sobrang enjoy yun kapag lalo’t narating mo yung destinasyon mo, yung pupuntahan niyo. Napaka saya”. (Enjoy. It’s really fun when you finally reach your destination. Quite fulfilling.) In addition, according to Cotnam 2020, cycling improved participants' health significantly, and happiness was associated with the preservation of quality of life among older cyclists. Feeling fulfilled Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes self- actualization as one of its central themes. Self- actualization is defined as the full realization of one's potential, as seen in peak experiences that involve the full development of one's skills and appreciation for life (Perera, 2020) Based on the responses provided by participant 5, when the interviewer asked what his realization in life as a senior cyclist he just answered with overflowing emotions that despite his age, he is still happy and proud to be a senior; he can still do his part as an older adult and can also do things like cycling, walking, and jogging, which makes him happy and satisfied. “Well, I’m happy. I’m proud to be a senior. And until now, I can do my part as a senior, and at the same time, I’m cycling, walking, and jogging. So I’m happy.” In addition, according to Pausanos, 2022 elderly individuals reported greater levels of emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, and spiritual growth, all of which contributed to self-actualization. The study concludes that the realization of self-actualization in older adults contributed to their capability as a human beings and their life insight. Self-actualization can be positive, emotionally comfortable, and optimistic to fully realize one's potential and live a more satisfying life. Feeling well connected The majority of participants stated that they meet many people and make friends while cycling. As participant 11 said: “Marami akong nakikilalang mga ibang tao. Nagiging kaibigan ganun.” (I met a lot of people that I became friends with.) According to Miura et al., 2022 social connections are essential component of successful aging in older adults. Connecting with peers, relatives, and society can give life meaning, contribute significantly to happiness, and improve a person's psychological well- being. In addition, based on Lindsay (2018), cycling can also catalyze belongingness and a dynamic tool for combating a sense of isolation. It allows individuals to broaden their spatial networks and more easily engage with their surroundings, thereby increasing the possibility of social connection. The Absorbers Emotions are essential in every situation and experience that a person has. It enables an individual to prepare for behavior and significantly influences human cognitive processes such as perception, attention, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem- solving (Tyng et al., 2017). Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) pg. 24 According to Gu (2019), stated that fundamental emotions are internal states that are controlled by neuromodulators. These internal states are expressed externally as certain stereotypical behaviors, such as intuition, which is thought to be one of the earliest mechanisms of survival. Happiness, sadness, fear, and anger are the four basic emotions. They are variously correlated with the three core effects of reward (happiness), punitive measures (sadness), and stress (fear and anger). It was a close call. Near-death experiences are too overwhelming to handle, and they can be emotionally difficult for those who experience them. Participant 15 claims that a negligent driver nearly caused him to lose either of his legs. Rather than offering assistance, the driver hit the participant and fled. “Yan isa pa yan yung mga motor na yan kase naaksidente ako ehh tinakbuhan ako ng motor yung isang bisikleta ko talagang wasak yun buti kamo hindi sa gitna tumama kung sa gitna yun ehh baka yung isang paa ko ehh putol kaya ang nangyari tinakbuhan pa ako non siya na ang may kasalanan siya pa yung ano non kaya ang nangyare ang mahirap sa may mga motor naka bike ka lang siya sumisingit ayaw nilang magbibigay ayaw nilang mag bibiggay ng ano kaya mangyayare niyan minsan humihinto ako”. (I got an accident because of a reckless motorcyclist who never really mind their driving, and they left me after causing such trouble. The good thing is I wasn’t hit in the middle for it would really cost me my other leg. It’s a shame on their side for “hit-and-running” me.) An instinctive, intense, and primary human emotion is fear. It involves both a solid individual and emotional response. Fear makes us aware of the danger or the potential for harm, whether that danger is psychological or physical (Fritscher, 2022) In addition, participant 15 revealed that after that event, he make sure to slow down and stop to avoid any situation like that again. “Yung ano non kaya ang nangyare ang mahirap sa may mga motor naka bike ka lang, siya sumisingit ayaw nilang magbibigay ayaw nilang mag bibiggay ng ano kaya mangyayare niyan minsan humihinto ako”.(That’s why whenever I got to pass such sort of drivers, I make sure to slow and stop, to avoid that ever happening to me again.) Losing one’s comfort. Philippines roads frequently have potholes. Most roads that last received maintenance a while ago have them. This road issue develops when the pavement ages and creates a hole. It can be brought on by bad weather, heavy traffic, and a lack of cold patch pothole repair. As a result, these potholes serves as a danger and inconvenience among senior cyclist. As participant 3 stated that bumpy roads are huge trouble for them. “Yan yan pa ang isa pag baku kabo ehh laging malaking abala sa siklista yan dahil unang una pag baku bako ehh masisiraan ka mapa flat ka tapos yung mga pyase ng bike o mababago magluluwagan yan kaya kailangan i che check mo pagka uwi mo”. (Bumpy roads really are a big trouble for us cyclists because, first of all, it causes our tires to flatten and some unexpected damages from our bikes, that’s why after cycling, I should always check it.) Barata et al., 2016 stated that an emotional state known as irritability is characterized by a propensity to feel unpleasant affective states like anger, annoyance, and frustration, which may or may not be expressed in public. What a hard-headed! According to the Department of Public Works and Highways (2021), the construction of a dedicated road bike lane is intended to promote active transportation in the "New Normal." The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) has constructed bike lane separators, reflectorized thermoplastic pavement markings, and road signage along important routes in Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Metro Davao to make it simpler for Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) pg. 25 cyclists to go on them. The construction of dedicated lanes with concrete delineators, rubber bollards, steel railings, and solar studs on significant highways was another effort to encourage people to commute to work by bicycle. The bike lane network aims to promote active transportation, improve safety, and promote a fair distribution of road space. They further asserted that bicyclists needed a convenient and safe area. Therefore the Metropolitan Bike Lanes Network, which links cities, municipalities, and provinces, was established. Some bikers, however, are dissatisfied with how motorist dominates the bike lanes and prevents them from being used effectively. He stated that according to what participant 4 said in an interview; “Marami kaseng nagmomotorsiklo matitigas ang ulo dun sa bike lane ahh dinaanan nila hanggang ngayon na dapat ibigay na nila yon sa mga siklista” .( There were a lot of motorcycle riders who are so hard headed because they are passing on the bike lanes which they should give to the cyclists). According to TopGear Philippines (2021), numerous drivers have been caught abusing the bike lanes on Visayas Avenue, Luzon Avenue, and Katipunan Avenue. The Quezon City bike patrol flagged every type of vehicle, including motorcycles, tricycles, SUVs, and vans, without a single car being spared. This article, supports the participant’s complaint that those circumstances happened up until now, and it is still a nuisance for most cyclists that need the existing bicycle lanes. The Unbothered The idea that elderly adults are slow, weak, and frail is a common stereotype. However, the stories of senior cyclists demonstrate that their ability to ride to their passion is unaffected by their old age. Functional constraints and obstacles to independent living can affect life satisfaction—attitudes and beliefs about the quality of life. In addition, optimism can positively impact life satisfaction and lessen the detrimental effects of activity restrictions on life satisfaction (Usán Supervía et al., 2020). Additionally, patience enables the person to maintain composure in the face of difficulties, suffering, or setbacks. A decrease in depression and other negative emotions is one of the many positive health outcomes associated with this virtue (Goldfarb, 2018). Don’t Mind At All Some seniors have various attitudes regarding life, some of which appear to be based on their advanced age. According to Chateau La Jolla (2022), it seems as though we are being subtly taught that getting older is a bad thing that must be endured or that it renders us less capable. However, based on Participant 11's statement, he claimed that; “Sa akin hindi naman balakid yung pagiging matanda e. Basta yung good health ko lang ma-maintain ko. Maipagpapatuloy ko yung pagbabike ko.” (For me, my age is not a hindrance. As long as I maintain my good health. I can continue my cycling) This response from one of our participants shows that their age is not a barrier to their passion for riding. The Optimism Effect also claims that age is a number without boundaries. The only restrictions you place on yourself are those you set. Those brave never age; Henry Ford once remarked, "Whether you think you can, or you think you can't-you're right” (Chateau La Jolla, 2022). A placid nature. Being patient, understanding, and forgiving are some of the characteristics that an individual possesses. It is essential to have these qualities in ourselves, especially when we are put in a situation that will test our patience and how we will handle these situations by being understanding and, at the same time, forgiving others. As what participant 3 stated in his interview, he said that; Global Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences (GRJMSS) Vol. 13 (1) pg. 26 “Pag ako ay nalalapit sa aksidente sabi ko nga. sayo nag aareglo yan naaksidente ako gaya ng sinabi ko sayo pagka yung bisikleta ko ehh nasaktan na ako ehh talagang ganon eh ang tao naman ehh hindi naman sabi nga sayo walang taong sasadyain ka ehh yun ang taong pinagpapasensyahan.” (As I told you, if I get close to an accident, it was unintentional. It can be solved through talking and agreement. If my bicycle and I got hurt, that’s part of cycling. We’re only human, no one does it intentionally and those people can be understood) Ernst (2018) said that research has shown that people's behavior in many settings can be strongly predicted by their patience. In addition, patience enables you to take a step back and reassess rather than retaliating violently or hastily giving up on someone aggravating you. Intuition lets you see things from a bigger, more compassionate perspective and choose the appropriate course of action (Orloff, 2012). Conclusion Based on the research findings, the following conclusion was discussed: Cycling has a positive impact on senior cyclists' quality of life, mainly because it makes them happy, which is a significant factor in helping them feel empowered and revitalize their social networks as well as have a high level of life satisfaction and enjoyment. Additionally, most elderly cyclists had the support of their loved ones, who thought cycling would be an excellent activity for elderly adults to have successful aging and independence. Moreover, senior citizen cyclists are strongly encouraged to keep up their passion for cycling. Their motivation to keep pedaling to their destination can be increased by joining and participating in cycling organizations and groups. It was also advised that they enter a riding group to improve their social connections, boost their self-confidence, and increase their sense of safety while riding on the road. Further, the family of senior cyclists should continue to support their loved ones who are passionate about cycling. According to the researchers, encouraging loved ones to pedal together would be a great activity to spend quality family time, foster mindfulness, and offer a great way to lower household carbon footprints and learn sustainable living practices. 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