id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
grhe-55824	1	1	global	global	ADJ
grhe-55824	1	2	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	3	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	1	4	higher	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	1	5	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	6	issn	issn	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	7	2576	2576	NUM
grhe-55824	1	8	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	9	196x	196x	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	10	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	11	print	print	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	12	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	13	issn	issn	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	14	2576	2576	NUM
grhe-55824	1	15	-	-	SYM
grhe-55824	1	16	1951	1951	NUM
grhe-55824	1	17	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	18	online	online	ADJ
grhe-55824	1	19	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	20	vol	vol	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	21	.	.	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	22	8	8	NUM
grhe-55824	1	23	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	24	no	no	INTJ
grhe-55824	1	25	.	.	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	26	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	1	27	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	28	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	1	29	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	30	85	85	NUM
grhe-55824	1	31	original	original	ADJ
grhe-55824	1	32	paper	paper	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	33	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	34	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	1	35	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	1	36	application	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	37	path	path	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	38	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	1	39	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	40	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	1	41	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	1	42	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	43	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	1	44	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	45	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	46	teaching	teach	VERB
grhe-55824	1	47	ziyuan	ziyuan	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	48	zhao	zhao	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	49	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	1	50	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	51	jia	jia	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	52	zhan	zhan	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	53	1	1	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	54	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	55	chunxiao	chunxiao	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	56	wang	wang	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	57	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	1	58	&	&	CCONJ
grhe-55824	1	59	yanzi	yanzi	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	60	mu	mu	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	61	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	1	62	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	1	63	qingdao	qingdao	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	64	city	city	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	65	university	university	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	66	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	67	qingdao	qingdao	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	68	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	69	shandong	shandong	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	70	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	71	china	china	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	72	received	receive	VERB
grhe-55824	1	73	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	74	february	february	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	75	25	25	NUM
grhe-55824	1	76	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	77	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	1	78	accepted	accept	VERB
grhe-55824	1	79	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	80	march	march	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	81	4	4	NUM
grhe-55824	1	82	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	83	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	1	84	online	online	ADV
grhe-55824	1	85	published	publish	VERB
grhe-55824	1	86	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	87	march	march	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	88	9	9	NUM
grhe-55824	1	89	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	90	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	1	91	doi:10.22158	doi:10.22158	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	92	/	/	SYM
grhe-55824	1	93	grhe.v8n1p85	grhe.v8n1p85	PROPN
grhe-55824	1	94	url	url	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	95	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	96	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158	http://dx.doi.org/10.22158	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	97	/	/	SYM
grhe-55824	1	98	grhe.v8n1p85	grhe.v8n1p85	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	99	abstract	abstract	ADJ
grhe-55824	1	100	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	1	101	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	1	102	deep	deep	ADJ
grhe-55824	1	103	penetration	penetration	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	104	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	1	105	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	1	106	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	107	technology	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	108	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	109	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	110	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	1	111	digitalization	digitalization	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	112	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	1	113	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	114	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	115	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	1	116	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	1	117	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	118	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	119	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	1	120	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	121	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	122	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	123	urgently	urgently	ADV
grhe-55824	1	124	needs	need	VERB
grhe-55824	1	125	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	1	126	reform	reform	VERB
grhe-55824	1	127	traditional	traditional	ADJ
grhe-55824	1	128	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	129	models	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	1	130	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	2	1	this	this	DET
grhe-55824	2	2	paper	paper	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	3	analyzes	analyze	VERB
grhe-55824	2	4	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	2	5	core	core	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	6	applications	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	7	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	2	8	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	2	9	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	10	technology	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	11	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	2	12	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	2	13	field	field	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	14	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	2	15	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	16	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	17	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	2	18	combines	combine	VERB
grhe-55824	2	19	classroom	classroom	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	20	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	21	practices	practice	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	22	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	2	23	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	2	24	explores	explore	VERB
grhe-55824	2	25	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	2	26	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	27	paths	path	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	28	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	2	29	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	2	30	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	31	tools	tool	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	32	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	2	33	methods	method	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	34	as	as	ADV
grhe-55824	2	35	well	well	ADV
grhe-55824	2	36	as	as	ADP
grhe-55824	2	37	their	their	PRON
grhe-55824	2	38	impact	impact	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	39	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	2	40	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	41	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
grhe-55824	2	42	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	3	1	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	3	2	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	3	shows	show	VERB
grhe-55824	3	4	that	that	SCONJ
grhe-55824	3	5	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	3	6	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	7	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	8	significantly	significantly	ADV
grhe-55824	3	9	enhances	enhance	VERB
grhe-55824	3	10	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	11	’	'	PUNCT
grhe-55824	3	12	practical	practical	ADJ
grhe-55824	3	13	abilities	ability	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	14	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	3	15	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	16	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	17	through	through	ADP
grhe-55824	3	18	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	3	19	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	20	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	3	21	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	22	technology	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	23	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	3	24	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	3	25	big	big	ADJ
grhe-55824	3	26	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	27	analysis	analysis	NOUN
grhe-55824	3	28	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	4	1	however	however	ADV
grhe-55824	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	4	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
grhe-55824	4	4	such	such	ADJ
grhe-55824	4	5	as	as	ADP
grhe-55824	4	6	rapid	rapid	ADJ
grhe-55824	4	7	technological	technological	ADJ
grhe-55824	4	8	updates	update	NOUN
grhe-55824	4	9	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	4	10	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ
grhe-55824	4	11	teacher	teacher	NOUN
grhe-55824	4	12	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	4	13	student	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	4	14	alignment	alignment	NOUN
grhe-55824	4	15	remain	remain	VERB
grhe-55824	4	16	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	5	1	future	future	ADJ
grhe-55824	5	2	strategies	strategy	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	3	should	should	AUX
grhe-55824	5	4	optimize	optimize	VERB
grhe-55824	5	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	6	approaches	approach	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	7	through	through	ADP
grhe-55824	5	8	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	9	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	5	10	academia	academia	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	11	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	12	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	5	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	14	restructuring	restructure	VERB
grhe-55824	5	15	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	5	16	cultivate	cultivate	VERB
grhe-55824	5	17	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
grhe-55824	5	18	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	19	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	20	professionals	professional	NOUN
grhe-55824	5	21	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	6	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
grhe-55824	6	2	cost	cost	VERB
grhe-55824	6	3	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	6	4	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	6	5	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	6	6	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	6	7	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	6	8	classroom	classroom	NOUN
grhe-55824	6	9	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	6	10	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	6	11	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	6	12	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	6	13	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	6	14	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	6	15	technology	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	6	16	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	6	17	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	2	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	7	3	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	4	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	5	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	6	dii	dii	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	7	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	8	represents	represent	VERB
grhe-55824	7	9	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	7	10	deep	deep	ADJ
grhe-55824	7	11	convergence	convergence	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	12	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	7	13	digitalization	digitalization	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	14	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	7	15	intelligentization	intelligentization	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	16	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	17	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	7	18	its	its	PRON
grhe-55824	7	19	core	core	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	20	essence	essence	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	21	lying	lie	VERB
grhe-55824	7	22	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	7	23	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	7	24	utilization	utilization	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	25	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	7	26	technologies	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	27	such	such	ADJ
grhe-55824	7	28	as	as	ADP
grhe-55824	7	29	big	big	ADJ
grhe-55824	7	30	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	31	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	32	artificial	artificial	ADJ
grhe-55824	7	33	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	34	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	35	ai	ai	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	36	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	37	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	38	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	7	39	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	7	40	internet	internet	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	41	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	7	42	things	thing	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	43	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	44	iot	iot	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	45	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	46	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	7	47	achieve	achieve	VERB
grhe-55824	7	48	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	7	49	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	50	time	time	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	51	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	52	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	53	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	54	analytical	analytical	ADJ
grhe-55824	7	55	processing	processing	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	56	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	57	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	7	58	decision	decision	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	59	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	7	60	making	make	VERB
grhe-55824	7	61	optimization	optimization	NOUN
grhe-55824	7	62	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	8	1	this	this	DET
grhe-55824	8	2	paradigm	paradigm	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	3	shift	shift	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	4	enables	enable	VERB
grhe-55824	8	5	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	8	6	transformation	transformation	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	7	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	8	8	traditional	traditional	ADJ
grhe-55824	8	9	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	10	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	11	models	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	12	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	8	13	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	14	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	15	from	from	ADP
grhe-55824	8	16	experience	experience	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	17	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	8	18	driven	drive	VERB
grhe-55824	8	19	approaches	approach	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	20	to	to	ADP
grhe-55824	8	21	data	data	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	22	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	8	23	centric	centric	ADJ
grhe-55824	8	24	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	25	through	through	ADP
grhe-55824	8	26	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	8	27	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	28	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	8	29	data	data	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	30	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	8	31	driven	drive	VERB
grhe-55824	8	32	strategies	strategy	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	33	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	8	34	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
grhe-55824	8	35	technologies	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	8	36	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	9	1	within	within	ADP
grhe-55824	9	2	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	9	3	domain	domain	NOUN
grhe-55824	9	4	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	9	5	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	9	6	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	9	7	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	9	8	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	9	9	dii	dii	PROPN
grhe-55824	9	10	encompasses	encompass	VERB
grhe-55824	9	11	critical	critical	ADJ
grhe-55824	9	12	components	component	NOUN
grhe-55824	9	13	including	include	VERB
grhe-55824	9	14	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	PROPN
grhe-55824	9	15	global	global	ADJ
grhe-55824	9	16	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	9	17	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	9	18	higher	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	9	19	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	9	20	vol	vol	NOUN
grhe-55824	9	21	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	10	1	8	8	NUM
grhe-55824	10	2	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	10	3	no	no	INTJ
grhe-55824	10	4	.	.	NOUN
grhe-55824	10	5	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	10	6	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	10	7	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	10	8	86	86	NUM
grhe-55824	10	9	published	publish	VERB
grhe-55824	10	10	by	by	ADP
grhe-55824	10	11	scholink	scholink	PROPN
grhe-55824	10	12	inc	inc	PROPN
grhe-55824	10	13	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	10	14	automated	automate	VERB
grhe-55824	10	15	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	10	16	quantity	quantity	NOUN
grhe-55824	10	17	computation	computation	NOUN
grhe-55824	10	18	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	10	19	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	10	20	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	10	21	forecasting	forecasting	NOUN
grhe-55824	10	22	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	10	23	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	10	24	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
grhe-55824	10	25	risk	risk	NOUN
grhe-55824	10	26	assessment	assessment	NOUN
grhe-55824	10	27	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
grhe-55824	10	28	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	1	2	2	X
grhe-55824	11	2	.	.	X
grhe-55824	11	3	key	key	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	4	technologies	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	5	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	11	6	their	their	PRON
grhe-55824	11	7	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	8	value	value	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	9	2.1	2.1	NUM
grhe-55824	11	10	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	11	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	12	building	build	VERB
grhe-55824	11	13	information	information	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	14	modeling	modeling	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	15	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	16	technology	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	17	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	18	1	1	X
grhe-55824	11	19	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	20	technical	technical	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	21	function	function	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	22	3d	3d	NUM
grhe-55824	11	23	modeling	modeling	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	24	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	11	25	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	26	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	27	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	28	integrates	integrate	VERB
grhe-55824	11	29	architectural	architectural	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	30	structures	structure	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	31	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	32	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	33	quantities	quantity	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	34	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	35	material	material	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	36	prices	price	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	37	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	38	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	11	39	other	other	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	40	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	41	into	into	ADP
grhe-55824	11	42	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	11	43	unified	unified	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	44	model	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	45	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	11	46	enabling	enable	VERB
grhe-55824	11	47	multi	multi	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	48	-	-	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	49	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	50	visual	visual	ADJ
grhe-55824	11	51	analysis	analysis	NOUN
grhe-55824	11	52	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	12	1	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	12	2	updates	update	NOUN
grhe-55824	12	3	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	12	4	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
grhe-55824	12	5	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	12	6	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	12	7	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
grhe-55824	12	8	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	12	9	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	12	10	time	time	NOUN
grhe-55824	12	11	updates	update	NOUN
grhe-55824	12	12	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	12	13	design	design	NOUN
grhe-55824	12	14	changes	change	NOUN
grhe-55824	12	15	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	12	16	enables	enable	VERB
grhe-55824	12	17	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	12	18	sharing	share	VERB
grhe-55824	12	19	among	among	ADP
grhe-55824	12	20	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
grhe-55824	12	21	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	13	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	13	2	2	2	X
grhe-55824	13	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	13	4	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
grhe-55824	13	5	value	value	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	6	visualized	visualize	VERB
grhe-55824	13	7	instruction	instruction	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	8	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	13	9	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	10	utilize	utilize	VERB
grhe-55824	13	11	3d	3d	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	12	models	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	13	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	13	14	comprehend	comprehend	VERB
grhe-55824	13	15	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	13	16	correlation	correlation	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	17	between	between	ADP
grhe-55824	13	18	architectural	architectural	ADJ
grhe-55824	13	19	structures	structure	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	20	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	13	21	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	22	estimation	estimation	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	23	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	13	24	transcending	transcend	VERB
grhe-55824	13	25	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	13	26	limitations	limitation	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	27	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	13	28	traditional	traditional	ADJ
grhe-55824	13	29	2d	2d	NUM
grhe-55824	13	30	blueprints	blueprint	NOUN
grhe-55824	13	31	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	14	1	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
grhe-55824	14	2	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	3	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	4	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	14	5	simulates	simulate	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	6	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	7	team	team	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	8	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	9	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	10	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	14	11	cultivate	cultivate	VERB
grhe-55824	14	12	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
grhe-55824	14	13	coordination	coordination	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	14	skills	skill	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	15	across	across	ADP
grhe-55824	14	16	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	17	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	18	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	14	19	design	design	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	20	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	14	21	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	14	22	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	23	estimation	estimation	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	24	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
grhe-55824	14	25	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	15	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
grhe-55824	15	2	big	big	ADJ
grhe-55824	15	3	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	4	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	15	5	artificial	artificial	ADJ
grhe-55824	15	6	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	7	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	15	8	ai	ai	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	9	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	15	10	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	15	11	1	1	X
grhe-55824	15	12	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	15	13	technical	technical	ADJ
grhe-55824	15	14	functions	function	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	15	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	16	mining	mining	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	17	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	15	18	analysis	analysis	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	19	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	15	20	integrates	integrates	PROPN
grhe-55824	15	21	historical	historical	ADJ
grhe-55824	15	22	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	23	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	24	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	15	25	identify	identify	VERB
grhe-55824	15	26	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	27	fluctuation	fluctuation	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	28	patterns	pattern	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	29	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	15	30	risk	risk	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	31	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
grhe-55824	15	32	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	16	1	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
grhe-55824	16	2	prediction	prediction	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	3	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	16	4	decision	decision	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	5	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	16	6	making	making	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	7	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	16	8	employs	employ	VERB
grhe-55824	16	9	machine	machine	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	10	learning	learn	VERB
grhe-55824	16	11	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	12	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	16	13	forecast	forecast	VERB
grhe-55824	16	14	material	material	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	15	price	price	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	16	trends	trend	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	17	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	16	18	total	total	ADJ
grhe-55824	16	19	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	20	costs	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	16	21	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	17	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	17	2	2	2	X
grhe-55824	17	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	17	4	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
grhe-55824	17	5	value	value	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	6	data	data	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	7	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	17	8	driven	drive	VERB
grhe-55824	17	9	thinking	thinking	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	10	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	11	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	17	12	trains	train	VERB
grhe-55824	17	13	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	14	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	17	15	extract	extract	VERB
grhe-55824	17	16	actionable	actionable	ADJ
grhe-55824	17	17	insights	insight	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	18	from	from	ADP
grhe-55824	17	19	massive	massive	ADJ
grhe-55824	17	20	datasets	dataset	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	21	using	use	VERB
grhe-55824	17	22	tools	tool	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	23	like	like	ADP
grhe-55824	17	24	python	python	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	25	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	17	26	power	power	NOUN
grhe-55824	17	27	bi	bi	PROPN
grhe-55824	17	28	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	18	1	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
grhe-55824	18	2	application	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	3	practice	practice	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	4	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	18	5	designs	design	VERB
grhe-55824	18	6	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	7	prediction	prediction	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	8	experiments	experiment	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	9	based	base	VERB
grhe-55824	18	10	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	18	11	historical	historical	ADJ
grhe-55824	18	12	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	13	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	18	14	such	such	ADJ
grhe-55824	18	15	as	as	ADP
grhe-55824	18	16	predicting	predict	VERB
grhe-55824	18	17	steel	steel	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	18	price	price	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	19	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	20	using	use	VERB
grhe-55824	18	21	linear	linear	PROPN
grhe-55824	18	22	regression	regression	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	23	models	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	18	24	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	19	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
grhe-55824	19	2	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	19	3	twin	twin	ADJ
grhe-55824	19	4	technology	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	5	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	19	6	1	1	X
grhe-55824	19	7	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	19	8	technical	technical	ADJ
grhe-55824	19	9	functions	function	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	10	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	19	11	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	19	12	physical	physical	ADJ
grhe-55824	19	13	mapping	mapping	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	14	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	19	15	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	19	16	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	17	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	19	18	constructs	construct	VERB
grhe-55824	19	19	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	19	20	models	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	21	synchronized	synchronize	VERB
grhe-55824	19	22	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	19	23	physical	physical	ADJ
grhe-55824	19	24	projects	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	25	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	19	26	reflect	reflect	VERB
grhe-55824	19	27	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	19	28	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	19	29	time	time	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	30	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	31	progress	progress	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	32	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	19	33	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	34	variations	variation	NOUN
grhe-55824	19	35	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	20	1	scenario	scenario	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	2	optimization	optimization	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	3	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	20	4	risk	risk	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	5	early	early	ADJ
grhe-55824	20	6	warning	warning	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	7	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	20	8	tests	test	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	9	cost	cost	VERB
grhe-55824	20	10	differences	difference	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	11	among	among	ADP
grhe-55824	20	12	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	13	plans	plan	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	14	through	through	ADP
grhe-55824	20	15	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	16	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	20	17	anticipates	anticipate	VERB
grhe-55824	20	18	potential	potential	ADJ
grhe-55824	20	19	risks	risk	NOUN
grhe-55824	20	20	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	21	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	21	2	2	2	X
grhe-55824	21	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	21	4	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
grhe-55824	21	5	value	value	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	6	immersive	immersive	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	7	learning	learning	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	8	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	21	9	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
grhe-55824	21	10	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	11	processes	process	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	12	through	through	ADP
grhe-55824	21	13	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	21	14	models	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	15	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	21	16	enhance	enhance	VERB
grhe-55824	21	17	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	18	’	’	PART
grhe-55824	21	19	understanding	understanding	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	20	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	21	21	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	21	22	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	23	control	control	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	24	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
grhe-55824	21	25	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	22	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	PROPN
grhe-55824	22	2	global	global	ADJ
grhe-55824	22	3	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	4	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	22	5	higher	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	22	6	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	7	vol	vol	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	8	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	22	9	8	8	NUM
grhe-55824	22	10	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	22	11	no	no	INTJ
grhe-55824	22	12	.	.	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	13	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	22	14	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	22	15	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	22	16	87	87	NUM
grhe-55824	22	17	published	publish	VERB
grhe-55824	22	18	by	by	ADP
grhe-55824	22	19	scholink	scholink	PROPN
grhe-55824	22	20	inc	inc	PROPN
grhe-55824	22	21	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	22	22	decision	decision	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	23	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	22	24	making	make	VERB
grhe-55824	22	25	skill	skill	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	26	development	development	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	27	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	22	28	designs	design	VERB
grhe-55824	22	29	multi	multi	ADJ
grhe-55824	22	30	-	-	ADJ
grhe-55824	22	31	variable	variable	ADJ
grhe-55824	22	32	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	33	experiments	experiment	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	34	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	22	35	improve	improve	VERB
grhe-55824	22	36	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	37	’	’	PART
grhe-55824	22	38	optimization	optimization	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	39	decision	decision	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	40	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	22	41	making	make	VERB
grhe-55824	22	42	abilities	ability	NOUN
grhe-55824	22	43	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	23	1	2.4	2.4	NUM
grhe-55824	23	2	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	23	3	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	4	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	23	5	iot	iot	PROPN
grhe-55824	23	6	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	23	7	internet	internet	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	8	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	23	9	things	thing	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	10	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	23	11	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	23	12	1	1	X
grhe-55824	23	13	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	23	14	technical	technical	ADJ
grhe-55824	23	15	functions	function	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	16	scenario	scenario	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	17	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	18	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	23	19	practical	practical	ADJ
grhe-55824	23	20	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	21	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	23	22	utilizes	utilize	VERB
grhe-55824	23	23	vr	vr	PROPN
grhe-55824	23	24	/	/	SYM
grhe-55824	23	25	ar	ar	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	26	technologies	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	27	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	23	28	create	create	VERB
grhe-55824	23	29	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	23	30	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	31	sites	site	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	32	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	23	33	simulating	simulate	VERB
grhe-55824	23	34	material	material	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	35	inspection	inspection	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	36	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	23	37	quantity	quantity	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	38	verification	verification	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	39	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	23	40	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	23	41	other	other	ADJ
grhe-55824	23	42	workflows	workflow	NOUN
grhe-55824	23	43	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	24	1	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	24	2	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	24	3	time	time	NOUN
grhe-55824	24	4	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	24	5	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
grhe-55824	24	6	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	24	7	collects	collect	VERB
grhe-55824	24	8	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	24	9	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	24	10	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	24	11	site	site	NOUN
grhe-55824	24	12	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	24	13	via	via	ADP
grhe-55824	24	14	sensors	sensor	NOUN
grhe-55824	24	15	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	24	16	support	support	VERB
grhe-55824	24	17	accurate	accurate	ADJ
grhe-55824	24	18	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	24	19	accounting	accounting	NOUN
grhe-55824	24	20	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	25	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	25	2	2	2	X
grhe-55824	25	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	25	4	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
grhe-55824	25	5	value	value	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	6	low	low	ADJ
grhe-55824	25	7	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	25	8	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	9	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	25	10	high	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	25	11	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	25	12	fidelity	fidelity	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	13	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	14	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	25	15	mitigates	mitigate	VERB
grhe-55824	25	16	safety	safety	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	17	risks	risk	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	18	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	25	19	high	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	25	20	expenses	expense	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	21	associated	associate	VERB
grhe-55824	25	22	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	25	23	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	25	24	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	25	25	site	site	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	26	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	27	while	while	SCONJ
grhe-55824	25	28	enabling	enable	VERB
grhe-55824	25	29	repetitive	repetitive	ADJ
grhe-55824	25	30	skill	skill	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	31	drills	drill	NOUN
grhe-55824	25	32	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	26	1	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	26	2	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	26	3	time	time	NOUN
grhe-55824	26	4	feedback	feedback	NOUN
grhe-55824	26	5	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
grhe-55824	26	6	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	26	7	automatically	automatically	ADV
grhe-55824	26	8	alerts	alert	VERB
grhe-55824	26	9	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	26	10	to	to	ADP
grhe-55824	26	11	operational	operational	ADJ
grhe-55824	26	12	errors	error	NOUN
grhe-55824	26	13	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	26	14	accelerating	accelerate	VERB
grhe-55824	26	15	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
grhe-55824	26	16	internalization	internalization	NOUN
grhe-55824	26	17	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	27	1	3	3	X
grhe-55824	27	2	.	.	X
grhe-55824	27	3	application	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	4	pathways	pathway	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	5	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	27	6	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	27	7	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	8	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	9	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	27	10	classroom	classroom	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	11	teaching	teach	VERB
grhe-55824	27	12	3.1	3.1	NUM
grhe-55824	27	13	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	14	restructuring	restructure	VERB
grhe-55824	27	15	3.1.1	3.1.1	NUM
grhe-55824	27	16	limitations	limitation	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	17	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	27	18	traditional	traditional	ADJ
grhe-55824	27	19	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	20	systems	system	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	21	traditional	traditional	ADJ
grhe-55824	27	22	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	23	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	24	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	25	courses	course	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	26	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	27	27	centered	center	VERB
grhe-55824	27	28	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	27	29	norm	norm	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	30	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	27	31	based	base	VERB
grhe-55824	27	32	costing	costing	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	33	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	27	34	manual	manual	ADJ
grhe-55824	27	35	quantity	quantity	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	36	calculation	calculation	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	37	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	27	38	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
grhe-55824	27	39	three	three	NUM
grhe-55824	27	40	critical	critical	ADJ
grhe-55824	27	41	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	42	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	27	43	technological	technological	ADJ
grhe-55824	27	44	obsolescence	obsolescence	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	45	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	27	46	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	27	47	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	48	tools	tool	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	49	such	such	ADJ
grhe-55824	27	50	as	as	ADP
grhe-55824	27	51	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	52	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	27	53	big	big	ADJ
grhe-55824	27	54	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	55	are	be	AUX
grhe-55824	27	56	excluded	exclude	VERB
grhe-55824	27	57	from	from	ADP
grhe-55824	27	58	core	core	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	59	curricula	curricula	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	60	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	27	61	causing	cause	VERB
grhe-55824	27	62	misalignment	misalignment	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	63	between	between	ADP
grhe-55824	27	64	teaching	teach	VERB
grhe-55824	27	65	content	content	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	66	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	27	67	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	68	demands	demand	NOUN
grhe-55824	27	69	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	28	1	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	2	fragmentation	fragmentation	PROPN
grhe-55824	28	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	28	4	disjointed	disjoint	VERB
grhe-55824	28	5	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
grhe-55824	28	6	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	28	7	software	software	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	8	operation	operation	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	9	courses	course	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	10	hinder	hinder	VERB
grhe-55824	28	11	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	12	’	'	PUNCT
grhe-55824	28	13	ability	ability	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	14	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	28	15	develop	develop	VERB
grhe-55824	28	16	lifecycle	lifecycle	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	17	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	18	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	19	thinking	thinking	NOUN
grhe-55824	28	20	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	29	1	scenario	scenario	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	2	simplification	simplification	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	29	4	case	case	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	5	studies	study	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	6	rely	rely	VERB
grhe-55824	29	7	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	29	8	oversimplified	oversimplified	ADJ
grhe-55824	29	9	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	10	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	29	11	lacking	lack	VERB
grhe-55824	29	12	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	29	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	14	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	15	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	29	16	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	29	17	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	29	18	world	world	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	19	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	20	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	29	21	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	30	1	3.1.2	3.1.2	NUM
grhe-55824	30	2	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	30	3	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	4	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	30	5	driven	drive	VERB
grhe-55824	30	6	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	7	restructuring	restructure	VERB
grhe-55824	30	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	9	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	30	10	1	1	X
grhe-55824	30	11	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	30	12	cross	cross	ADJ
grhe-55824	30	13	-	-	ADJ
grhe-55824	30	14	disciplinary	disciplinary	ADJ
grhe-55824	30	15	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	16	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	30	17	foundational	foundational	ADJ
grhe-55824	30	18	modules	module	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	19	introduce	introduce	VERB
grhe-55824	30	20	fundamentals	fundamental	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	21	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	30	22	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	23	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	24	science	science	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	25	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	30	26	covering	cover	VERB
grhe-55824	30	27	python	python	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	28	programming	programming	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	29	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	30	30	statistical	statistical	ADJ
grhe-55824	30	31	principles	principle	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	32	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	30	33	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	30	34	database	database	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	35	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	30	36	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	31	1	integrate	integrate	VERB
grhe-55824	31	2	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	31	3	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	31	4	regulations	regulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	31	5	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	31	6	smart	smart	ADJ
grhe-55824	31	7	contract	contract	NOUN
grhe-55824	31	8	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	31	9	blockchain	blockchain	PROPN
grhe-55824	31	10	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	31	11	content	content	NOUN
grhe-55824	31	12	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	31	13	cultivate	cultivate	VERB
grhe-55824	31	14	compliance	compliance	NOUN
grhe-55824	31	15	awareness	awareness	NOUN
grhe-55824	31	16	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	31	17	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	31	18	legal	legal	ADJ
grhe-55824	31	19	thinking	thinking	NOUN
grhe-55824	31	20	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	32	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	32	2	2	2	X
grhe-55824	32	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	32	4	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	5	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	32	6	cutting	cut	VERB
grhe-55824	32	7	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	32	8	edge	edge	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	9	tools	tool	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	10	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	32	11	technical	technical	ADJ
grhe-55824	32	12	modules	module	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	13	launch	launch	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	14	courses	course	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	15	such	such	ADJ
grhe-55824	32	16	as	as	ADP
grhe-55824	32	17	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	18	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	19	applications	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	20	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	32	21	ai	ai	VERB
grhe-55824	32	22	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	23	prediction	prediction	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	24	practices	practice	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	25	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	32	26	embedding	embed	VERB
grhe-55824	32	27	tools	tool	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	28	like	like	ADP
grhe-55824	32	29	glodon	glodon	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	30	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	32	31	revit	revit	PROPN
grhe-55824	32	32	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	32	33	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	32	34	power	power	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	35	bi	bi	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	36	into	into	ADP
grhe-55824	32	37	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
grhe-55824	32	38	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	33	1	develop	develop	VERB
grhe-55824	33	2	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	33	3	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	4	estimation	estimation	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	5	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	6	toolkit	toolkit	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	7	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	33	8	integrating	integrate	VERB
grhe-55824	33	9	code	code	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	10	libraries	library	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	11	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	33	12	regression	regression	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	14	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	33	15	monte	monte	PROPN
grhe-55824	33	16	carlo	carlo	PROPN
grhe-55824	33	17	simulation	simulation	PROPN
grhe-55824	33	18	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	33	19	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	33	20	other	other	ADJ
grhe-55824	33	21	models	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	22	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	33	23	lower	lower	VERB
grhe-55824	33	24	technical	technical	ADJ
grhe-55824	33	25	barriers	barrier	NOUN
grhe-55824	33	26	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	34	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	PROPN
grhe-55824	34	2	global	global	ADJ
grhe-55824	34	3	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	34	4	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	34	5	higher	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	34	6	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	34	7	vol	vol	NOUN
grhe-55824	34	8	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	34	9	8	8	NUM
grhe-55824	34	10	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	34	11	no	no	INTJ
grhe-55824	34	12	.	.	NOUN
grhe-55824	34	13	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	34	14	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	34	15	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	34	16	88	88	NUM
grhe-55824	34	17	published	publish	VERB
grhe-55824	34	18	by	by	ADP
grhe-55824	34	19	scholink	scholink	PROPN
grhe-55824	34	20	inc	inc	PROPN
grhe-55824	34	21	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	35	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	35	2	3	3	X
grhe-55824	35	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	35	4	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	35	5	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	35	6	aligned	align	VERB
grhe-55824	35	7	scenario	scenario	NOUN
grhe-55824	35	8	modules	module	NOUN
grhe-55824	35	9	collaborate	collaborate	VERB
grhe-55824	35	10	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	35	11	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
grhe-55824	35	12	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	35	13	build	build	VERB
grhe-55824	35	14	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	35	15	case	case	NOUN
grhe-55824	35	16	repositories	repository	NOUN
grhe-55824	35	17	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	36	1	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	36	2	example	example	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	3	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	36	4	one	one	NUM
grhe-55824	36	5	university	university	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	6	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
grhe-55824	36	7	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	8	from	from	ADP
grhe-55824	36	9	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	36	10	xiong	xiong	PROPN
grhe-55824	36	11	’	'	PUNCT
grhe-55824	36	12	an	an	DET
grhe-55824	36	13	new	new	ADJ
grhe-55824	36	14	area	area	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	15	smart	smart	ADJ
grhe-55824	36	16	utility	utility	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	17	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	18	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	19	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	36	20	design	design	VERB
grhe-55824	36	21	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
grhe-55824	36	22	tasks	task	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	23	covering	cover	VERB
grhe-55824	36	24	design	design	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	25	changes	change	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	26	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	36	27	material	material	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	28	price	price	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	29	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
grhe-55824	36	30	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	37	1	create	create	VERB
grhe-55824	37	2	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	37	3	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	4	decision	decision	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	5	sandboxes	sandbox	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	6	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	37	7	simulate	simulate	VERB
grhe-55824	37	8	complex	complex	ADJ
grhe-55824	37	9	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	10	like	like	ADP
grhe-55824	37	11	competitive	competitive	ADJ
grhe-55824	37	12	bidding	bidding	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	13	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	37	14	supply	supply	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	15	chain	chain	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	16	disruptions	disruption	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	17	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	37	18	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	19	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	20	’	'	PUNCT
grhe-55824	37	21	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	37	22	response	response	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	23	capabilities	capability	NOUN
grhe-55824	37	24	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	38	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
grhe-55824	38	2	innovative	innovative	ADJ
grhe-55824	38	3	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	4	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	5	3.2.1	3.2.1	NUM
grhe-55824	38	6	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	7	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	38	8	traditional	traditional	ADJ
grhe-55824	38	9	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	10	methods	method	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	11	unidirectional	unidirectional	ADJ
grhe-55824	38	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	13	transfer	transfer	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	14	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	38	15	teacher	teacher	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	16	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	38	17	led	lead	VERB
grhe-55824	38	18	demonstrations	demonstration	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	19	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	38	20	student	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	21	imitation	imitation	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	22	fail	fail	VERB
grhe-55824	38	23	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	38	24	foster	foster	VERB
grhe-55824	38	25	innovative	innovative	ADJ
grhe-55824	38	26	thinking	thinking	NOUN
grhe-55824	38	27	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	39	1	limited	limited	ADJ
grhe-55824	39	2	practical	practical	ADJ
grhe-55824	39	3	resources	resource	NOUN
grhe-55824	39	4	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	39	5	high	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	39	6	costs	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	39	7	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	39	8	physical	physical	ADJ
grhe-55824	39	9	labs	lab	NOUN
grhe-55824	39	10	restrict	restrict	VERB
grhe-55824	39	11	large	large	ADJ
grhe-55824	39	12	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	39	13	scale	scale	NOUN
grhe-55824	39	14	immersive	immersive	NOUN
grhe-55824	39	15	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	39	16	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	40	1	simplistic	simplistic	ADJ
grhe-55824	40	2	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
grhe-55824	40	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	40	4	overreliance	overreliance	NOUN
grhe-55824	40	5	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	40	6	written	write	VERB
grhe-55824	40	7	exams	exam	NOUN
grhe-55824	40	8	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	40	9	static	static	ADJ
grhe-55824	40	10	assignments	assignment	NOUN
grhe-55824	40	11	inadequately	inadequately	ADV
grhe-55824	40	12	reflects	reflect	VERB
grhe-55824	40	13	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	40	14	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	40	15	world	world	NOUN
grhe-55824	40	16	technical	technical	ADJ
grhe-55824	40	17	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
grhe-55824	40	18	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	41	1	3.2.2	3.2.2	NUM
grhe-55824	41	2	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	41	3	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	4	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	41	5	enhanced	enhance	VERB
grhe-55824	41	6	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
grhe-55824	41	7	design	design	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	8	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	41	9	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	41	10	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	41	11	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	12	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	41	13	based	base	VERB
grhe-55824	41	14	learning	learning	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	15	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	41	16	pbl	pbl	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	17	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	41	18	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	19	cdio	cdio	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	20	framework	framework	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	21	implementation	implementation	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	22	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	41	23	guide	guide	VERB
grhe-55824	41	24	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	25	through	through	ADP
grhe-55824	41	26	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	41	27	full	full	ADJ
grhe-55824	41	28	conceive	conceive	ADJ
grhe-55824	41	29	design	design	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	30	implement	implement	ADJ
grhe-55824	41	31	operate	operate	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	32	cycle	cycle	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	33	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	41	34	from	from	ADP
grhe-55824	41	35	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	36	modeling	modeling	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	37	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	41	38	cost	cost	VERB
grhe-55824	41	39	optimization	optimization	NOUN
grhe-55824	41	40	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	42	1	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	42	2	instance	instance	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	3	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	42	4	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	42	5	vocational	vocational	ADJ
grhe-55824	42	6	college	college	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	7	’s	’s	PART
grhe-55824	42	8	prefabricated	prefabricate	VERB
grhe-55824	42	9	housing	housing	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	10	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	11	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	12	enables	enable	VERB
grhe-55824	42	13	mastery	mastery	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	14	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	42	15	prefab	prefab	ADJ
grhe-55824	42	16	component	component	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	17	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	18	analysis	analysis	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	19	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	42	20	supply	supply	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	21	chain	chain	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	22	coordination	coordination	NOUN
grhe-55824	42	23	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	43	1	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
grhe-55824	43	2	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	43	4	partner	partner	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	5	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	43	6	civil	civil	ADJ
grhe-55824	43	7	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	8	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	43	9	computer	computer	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	10	science	science	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	11	departments	department	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	12	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	43	13	smart	smart	ADJ
grhe-55824	43	14	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	15	site	site	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	16	co	co	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	17	-	-	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	18	design	design	ADJ
grhe-55824	43	19	projects	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	20	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	43	21	nurturing	nurture	VERB
grhe-55824	43	22	multirole	multirole	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	23	teamwork	teamwork	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	24	skills	skill	NOUN
grhe-55824	43	25	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	44	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	44	2	2	2	X
grhe-55824	44	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	44	4	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
grhe-55824	44	5	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	44	6	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	44	7	physical	physical	ADJ
grhe-55824	44	8	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	9	systems	system	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	10	“	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	44	11	vr	vr	PROPN
grhe-55824	44	12	+	+	CCONJ
grhe-55824	44	13	physical	physical	ADJ
grhe-55824	44	14	”	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	44	15	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	16	labs	lab	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	17	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	44	18	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	19	identify	identify	VERB
grhe-55824	44	20	pipeline	pipeline	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	21	clashes	clash	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	22	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	44	23	vr	vr	PROPN
grhe-55824	44	24	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	25	sites	site	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	26	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	44	27	adjust	adjust	VERB
grhe-55824	44	28	plans	plan	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	29	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	44	30	physical	physical	ADJ
grhe-55824	44	31	sand	sand	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	32	tables	table	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	33	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	44	34	improving	improve	VERB
grhe-55824	44	35	error	error	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	36	correction	correction	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	37	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	38	by	by	ADP
grhe-55824	44	39	40	40	NUM
grhe-55824	44	40	%	%	NOUN
grhe-55824	44	41	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	45	1	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	45	2	twin	twin	ADJ
grhe-55824	45	3	simulations	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	45	4	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	45	5	model	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	45	6	typhoon	typhoon	NOUN
grhe-55824	45	7	impacts	impact	NOUN
grhe-55824	45	8	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	45	9	schedules	schedule	NOUN
grhe-55824	45	10	using	use	VERB
grhe-55824	45	11	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	45	12	twins	twin	NOUN
grhe-55824	45	13	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	45	14	train	train	VERB
grhe-55824	45	15	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	45	16	resource	resource	NOUN
grhe-55824	45	17	planning	planning	NOUN
grhe-55824	45	18	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	46	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	46	2	3	3	X
grhe-55824	46	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	46	4	flipped	flip	VERB
grhe-55824	46	5	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	6	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	46	7	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	8	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	46	9	driven	drive	VERB
grhe-55824	46	10	personalization	personalization	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	11	pre	pre	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	12	-	-	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	13	class	class	ADJ
grhe-55824	46	14	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	46	15	release	release	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	16	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	17	modeling	model	VERB
grhe-55824	46	18	micro	micro	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	19	-	-	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	20	lectures	lecture	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	21	via	via	ADP
grhe-55824	46	22	mooc	mooc	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	23	platforms	platform	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	24	;	;	PUNCT
grhe-55824	46	25	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	26	submit	submit	VERB
grhe-55824	46	27	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
grhe-55824	46	28	models	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	46	29	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	47	1	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	47	2	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	47	3	class	class	NOUN
grhe-55824	47	4	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	47	5	use	use	VERB
grhe-55824	47	6	learning	learn	VERB
grhe-55824	47	7	analytics	analytic	NOUN
grhe-55824	47	8	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	47	9	identify	identify	VERB
grhe-55824	47	10	common	common	ADJ
grhe-55824	47	11	errors	error	NOUN
grhe-55824	47	12	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	47	13	targeted	target	VERB
grhe-55824	47	14	case	case	NOUN
grhe-55824	47	15	studies	study	NOUN
grhe-55824	47	16	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	48	1	post	post	ADJ
grhe-55824	48	2	-	-	ADJ
grhe-55824	48	3	class	class	ADJ
grhe-55824	48	4	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	48	5	assign	assign	VERB
grhe-55824	48	6	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	48	7	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	48	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
grhe-55824	48	9	tasks	task	NOUN
grhe-55824	48	10	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	48	11	cloud	cloud	NOUN
grhe-55824	48	12	platforms	platform	NOUN
grhe-55824	48	13	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	48	14	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	48	15	automated	automate	VERB
grhe-55824	48	16	grading	grading	NOUN
grhe-55824	48	17	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	48	18	competency	competency	NOUN
grhe-55824	48	19	radar	radar	NOUN
grhe-55824	48	20	charts	chart	NOUN
grhe-55824	48	21	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	49	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
grhe-55824	49	2	practical	practical	ADJ
grhe-55824	49	3	competency	competency	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	4	development	development	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	5	3.3.1	3.3.1	NUM
grhe-55824	49	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	7	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	49	8	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	49	9	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	10	practice	practice	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	11	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	12	resource	resource	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	13	gaps	gap	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	14	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	49	15	institutions	institution	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	16	lack	lack	VERB
grhe-55824	49	17	access	access	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	18	to	to	ADP
grhe-55824	49	19	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	49	20	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	49	21	world	world	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	22	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	23	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	24	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	49	25	advanced	advanced	ADJ
grhe-55824	49	26	platforms	platform	NOUN
grhe-55824	49	27	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	50	1	skill	skill	NOUN
grhe-55824	50	2	mismatch	mismatch	VERB
grhe-55824	50	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	50	4	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	50	5	master	master	NOUN
grhe-55824	50	6	tools	tool	NOUN
grhe-55824	50	7	but	but	CCONJ
grhe-55824	50	8	struggle	struggle	VERB
grhe-55824	50	9	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	50	10	complex	complex	ADJ
grhe-55824	50	11	problem	problem	NOUN
grhe-55824	50	12	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	50	13	solving	solving	NOUN
grhe-55824	50	14	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	51	1	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	PROPN
grhe-55824	51	2	global	global	ADJ
grhe-55824	51	3	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	51	4	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	51	5	higher	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	51	6	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	51	7	vol	vol	NOUN
grhe-55824	51	8	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	51	9	8	8	NUM
grhe-55824	51	10	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	51	11	no	no	INTJ
grhe-55824	51	12	.	.	NOUN
grhe-55824	51	13	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	51	14	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	51	15	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	51	16	89	89	NUM
grhe-55824	51	17	published	publish	VERB
grhe-55824	51	18	by	by	ADP
grhe-55824	51	19	scholink	scholink	PROPN
grhe-55824	51	20	inc	inc	PROPN
grhe-55824	51	21	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	51	22	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
grhe-55824	51	23	disconnect	disconnect	PROPN
grhe-55824	51	24	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	51	25	academic	academic	ADJ
grhe-55824	51	26	assessments	assessment	NOUN
grhe-55824	51	27	misalign	misalign	VERB
grhe-55824	51	28	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	51	29	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	51	30	competency	competency	NOUN
grhe-55824	51	31	requirements	requirement	NOUN
grhe-55824	51	32	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	52	1	3.3.2	3.3.2	NUM
grhe-55824	52	2	systematic	systematic	ADJ
grhe-55824	52	3	solutions	solution	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	4	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	52	5	competency	competency	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	6	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	7	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	52	8	1	1	X
grhe-55824	52	9	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	52	10	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	11	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	52	12	academia	academia	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	13	“	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	52	14	dual	dual	ADJ
grhe-55824	52	15	system	system	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	16	”	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	52	17	platforms	platform	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	18	co	co	VERB
grhe-55824	52	19	-	-	VERB
grhe-55824	52	20	built	build	VERB
grhe-55824	52	21	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	22	colleges	college	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	23	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	52	24	example	example	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	25	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	52	26	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	52	27	university	university	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	28	partnered	partner	VERB
grhe-55824	52	29	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	52	30	glodon	glodon	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	31	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	52	32	establish	establish	VERB
grhe-55824	52	33	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	52	34	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	52	35	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	36	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	37	institute	institute	PROPN
grhe-55824	52	38	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	52	39	integrating	integrate	VERB
grhe-55824	52	40	corporate	corporate	ADJ
grhe-55824	52	41	mentors	mentor	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	42	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	52	43	live	live	ADJ
grhe-55824	52	44	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	45	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	52	46	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	53	1	“	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	53	2	task	task	NOUN
grhe-55824	53	3	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	53	4	based	base	VERB
grhe-55824	53	5	”	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	53	6	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	53	7	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	53	8	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	53	9	bid	bid	VERB
grhe-55824	53	10	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	53	11	cloud	cloud	NOUN
grhe-55824	53	12	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	53	13	hosted	host	VERB
grhe-55824	53	14	tasks	task	NOUN
grhe-55824	53	15	;	;	PUNCT
grhe-55824	53	16	completed	complete	VERB
grhe-55824	53	17	tasks	task	NOUN
grhe-55824	53	18	accrue	accrue	VERB
grhe-55824	53	19	academic	academic	ADJ
grhe-55824	53	20	credits	credit	NOUN
grhe-55824	53	21	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	54	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	54	2	2	2	X
grhe-55824	54	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	54	4	competition	competition	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	5	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	54	6	driven	drive	VERB
grhe-55824	54	7	innovation	innovation	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	8	incubation	incubation	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	9	tiered	tiere	VERB
grhe-55824	54	10	competition	competition	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	11	framework	framework	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	12	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	54	13	school	school	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	14	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	54	15	level	level	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	16	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	17	contests	contest	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	18	→	→	SYM
grhe-55824	54	19	national	national	ADJ
grhe-55824	54	20	smart	smart	ADJ
grhe-55824	54	21	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	22	competitions	competition	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	23	→	→	SYM
grhe-55824	54	24	international	international	ADJ
grhe-55824	54	25	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	26	innovation	innovation	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	27	challenges	challenge	NOUN
grhe-55824	54	28	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	55	1	competition	competition	NOUN
grhe-55824	55	2	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	55	3	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
grhe-55824	55	4	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	55	5	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	55	6	embed	embed	NOUN
grhe-55824	55	7	contest	contest	NOUN
grhe-55824	55	8	problems	problem	NOUN
grhe-55824	55	9	into	into	ADP
grhe-55824	55	10	coursework	coursework	NOUN
grhe-55824	55	11	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	56	1	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	56	2	example	example	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	3	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	56	4	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	56	5	university	university	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	6	incorporated	incorporate	VERB
grhe-55824	56	7	national	national	ADJ
grhe-55824	56	8	college	college	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	9	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	10	skills	skill	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	11	competition	competition	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	12	questions	question	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	13	into	into	ADP
grhe-55824	56	14	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	15	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	16	case	case	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
grhe-55824	56	18	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	57	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	57	2	3	3	X
grhe-55824	57	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	57	4	“	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	57	5	technical	technical	ADJ
grhe-55824	57	6	+	+	CCONJ
grhe-55824	57	7	managerial	managerial	ADJ
grhe-55824	57	8	”	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	57	9	composite	composite	ADJ
grhe-55824	57	10	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
grhe-55824	57	11	multidimensional	multidimensional	ADJ
grhe-55824	57	12	metrics	metric	NOUN
grhe-55824	57	13	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	57	14	tool	tool	NOUN
grhe-55824	57	15	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
grhe-55824	57	16	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	57	17	30	30	NUM
grhe-55824	57	18	%	%	NOUN
grhe-55824	57	19	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	58	1	+	+	CCONJ
grhe-55824	58	2	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	58	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
grhe-55824	58	4	depth	depth	NOUN
grhe-55824	58	5	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	58	6	40	40	NUM
grhe-55824	58	7	%	%	NOUN
grhe-55824	58	8	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	59	1	+	+	NUM
grhe-55824	59	2	solution	solution	NOUN
grhe-55824	59	3	innovativeness	innovativeness	NOUN
grhe-55824	59	4	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	59	5	30	30	NUM
grhe-55824	59	6	%	%	NOUN
grhe-55824	59	7	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	59	8	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	60	1	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	60	2	competency	competency	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	3	portfolios	portfolio	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	4	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	60	5	use	use	VERB
grhe-55824	60	6	blockchain	blockchain	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	7	to	to	ADP
grhe-55824	60	8	record	record	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	9	student	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	10	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	11	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	60	12	competitions	competition	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	13	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	60	14	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	60	15	projects	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	16	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	60	17	generating	generate	VERB
grhe-55824	60	18	tamper	tamper	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	19	-	-	ADJ
grhe-55824	60	20	proof	proof	ADJ
grhe-55824	60	21	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	60	22	competency	competency	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	23	profiles	profile	NOUN
grhe-55824	60	24	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	61	1	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	61	2	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
grhe-55824	61	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	61	4	design	design	NOUN
grhe-55824	61	5	tasks	task	NOUN
grhe-55824	61	6	like	like	ADP
grhe-55824	61	7	smart	smart	ADJ
grhe-55824	61	8	bidding	bidding	NOUN
grhe-55824	61	9	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	61	10	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	61	11	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	61	12	control	control	NOUN
grhe-55824	61	13	using	use	VERB
grhe-55824	61	14	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	61	15	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
grhe-55824	61	16	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	61	17	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	62	1	competition	competition	NOUN
grhe-55824	62	2	incentives	incentive	NOUN
grhe-55824	62	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	62	4	host	host	NOUN
grhe-55824	62	5	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	62	6	modeling	modeling	NOUN
grhe-55824	62	7	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	62	8	smart	smart	ADJ
grhe-55824	62	9	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	62	10	challenges	challenge	NOUN
grhe-55824	62	11	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	62	12	stimulate	stimulate	VERB
grhe-55824	62	13	innovation	innovation	NOUN
grhe-55824	62	14	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	63	1	4	4	X
grhe-55824	63	2	.	.	X
grhe-55824	63	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	4	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	63	5	countermeasures	countermeasure	VERB
grhe-55824	63	6	4.1	4.1	NUM
grhe-55824	63	7	key	key	ADJ
grhe-55824	63	8	challenges	challenge	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	9	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	63	10	1	1	X
grhe-55824	63	11	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	63	12	disparity	disparity	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	13	between	between	ADP
grhe-55824	63	14	rapid	rapid	ADJ
grhe-55824	63	15	technological	technological	ADJ
grhe-55824	63	16	evolution	evolution	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	17	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	63	18	lagging	lag	VERB
grhe-55824	63	19	educational	educational	ADJ
grhe-55824	63	20	resources	resource	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	21	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	63	22	pace	pace	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	23	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	63	24	technological	technological	ADJ
grhe-55824	63	25	innovation	innovation	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	26	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	63	27	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	28	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	29	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	30	far	far	ADV
grhe-55824	63	31	exceeds	exceed	VERB
grhe-55824	63	32	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	63	33	capacity	capacity	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	34	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	63	35	traditional	traditional	ADJ
grhe-55824	63	36	educational	educational	ADJ
grhe-55824	63	37	systems	system	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	38	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	63	39	update	update	VERB
grhe-55824	63	40	resources	resource	NOUN
grhe-55824	63	41	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	64	1	frequent	frequent	ADJ
grhe-55824	64	2	software	software	NOUN
grhe-55824	64	3	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
grhe-55824	64	4	upgrades	upgrade	NOUN
grhe-55824	64	5	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	64	6	evolving	evolve	VERB
grhe-55824	64	7	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	64	8	standards	standard	NOUN
grhe-55824	64	9	create	create	VERB
grhe-55824	64	10	dual	dual	ADJ
grhe-55824	64	11	pressures	pressure	NOUN
grhe-55824	64	12	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	65	1	current	current	ADJ
grhe-55824	65	2	textbooks	textbook	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	3	predominantly	predominantly	ADV
grhe-55824	65	4	lag	lag	VERB
grhe-55824	65	5	behind	behind	ADP
grhe-55824	65	6	mainstream	mainstream	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	7	software	software	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	8	versions	version	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	9	—	—	PUNCT
grhe-55824	65	10	surveys	survey	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	11	indicate	indicate	VERB
grhe-55824	65	12	approximately	approximately	ADV
grhe-55824	65	13	70	70	NUM
grhe-55824	65	14	%	%	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	15	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	65	16	institutions	institution	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	17	still	still	ADV
grhe-55824	65	18	use	use	VERB
grhe-55824	65	19	materials	material	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	20	based	base	VERB
grhe-55824	65	21	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	65	22	outdated	outdated	ADJ
grhe-55824	65	23	standard	standard	ADJ
grhe-55824	65	24	drawings	drawing	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	25	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	65	26	pricing	pricing	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	27	norms	norm	NOUN
grhe-55824	65	28	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	66	1	faculty	faculty	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	2	capabilities	capability	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	3	also	also	ADV
grhe-55824	66	4	face	face	VERB
grhe-55824	66	5	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	6	gaps	gap	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	7	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	66	8	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	66	9	many	many	ADJ
grhe-55824	66	10	instructors	instructor	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	11	lacking	lack	VERB
grhe-55824	66	12	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	13	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	66	14	advanced	advanced	ADJ
grhe-55824	66	15	software	software	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	16	applications	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	17	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	66	18	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
grhe-55824	66	19	principles	principle	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	20	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	66	21	limiting	limit	VERB
grhe-55824	66	22	their	their	PRON
grhe-55824	66	23	ability	ability	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	24	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	66	25	guide	guide	VERB
grhe-55824	66	26	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	27	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	66	28	addressing	address	VERB
grhe-55824	66	29	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	66	30	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	66	31	world	world	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	32	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	33	like	like	ADP
grhe-55824	66	34	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
grhe-55824	66	35	price	price	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	36	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	37	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	66	38	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
grhe-55824	66	39	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	40	estimation	estimation	NOUN
grhe-55824	66	41	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	67	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	67	2	2	2	X
grhe-55824	67	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	67	4	shortage	shortage	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	5	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	67	6	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
grhe-55824	67	7	faculty	faculty	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	8	competencies	competency	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	9	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	67	10	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	67	11	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	12	era	era	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	13	demands	demand	VERB
grhe-55824	67	14	educators	educator	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	15	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	67	16	dual	dual	ADJ
grhe-55824	67	17	expertise	expertise	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	18	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	67	19	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	20	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	21	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	67	22	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	67	23	technologies	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	24	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	67	25	yet	yet	CCONJ
grhe-55824	67	26	significant	significant	ADJ
grhe-55824	67	27	imbalances	imbalance	NOUN
grhe-55824	67	28	persist	persist	VERB
grhe-55824	67	29	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	68	1	about	about	ADV
grhe-55824	68	2	65	65	NUM
grhe-55824	68	3	%	%	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	4	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	68	5	faculty	faculty	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	6	lack	lack	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	7	hands	hand	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	8	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	68	9	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	68	10	experience	experience	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	11	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	68	12	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	13	modeling	modeling	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	14	or	or	CCONJ
grhe-55824	68	15	big	big	ADJ
grhe-55824	68	16	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	17	analytics	analytic	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	18	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	68	19	while	while	SCONJ
grhe-55824	68	20	over	over	ADP
grhe-55824	68	21	40	40	NUM
grhe-55824	68	22	%	%	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	23	have	have	AUX
grhe-55824	68	24	not	not	PART
grhe-55824	68	25	engaged	engage	VERB
grhe-55824	68	26	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	68	27	smart	smart	ADJ
grhe-55824	68	28	contract	contract	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	29	or	or	CCONJ
grhe-55824	68	30	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	PROPN
grhe-55824	68	31	global	global	ADJ
grhe-55824	68	32	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	33	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	68	34	higher	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	68	35	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	36	vol	vol	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	37	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	68	38	8	8	NUM
grhe-55824	68	39	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	68	40	no	no	INTJ
grhe-55824	68	41	.	.	NOUN
grhe-55824	68	42	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	68	43	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	68	44	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	68	45	90	90	NUM
grhe-55824	68	46	published	publish	VERB
grhe-55824	68	47	by	by	ADP
grhe-55824	68	48	scholink	scholink	PROPN
grhe-55824	68	49	inc	inc	PROPN
grhe-55824	68	50	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	69	1	blockchain	blockchain	PROPN
grhe-55824	69	2	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	69	3	enabled	enable	VERB
grhe-55824	69	4	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	69	5	practices	practice	NOUN
grhe-55824	69	6	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	70	1	this	this	DET
grhe-55824	70	2	skills	skill	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	3	gap	gap	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	4	widens	widen	VERB
grhe-55824	70	5	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	70	6	disconnect	disconnect	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	7	between	between	ADP
grhe-55824	70	8	classroom	classroom	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	9	instruction	instruction	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	10	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	70	11	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	12	advancements	advancement	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	13	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	70	14	leaving	leave	VERB
grhe-55824	70	15	students	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	16	ill	ill	ADV
grhe-55824	70	17	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	70	18	prepared	prepared	ADJ
grhe-55824	70	19	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	70	20	critical	critical	ADJ
grhe-55824	70	21	tasks	task	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	22	like	like	ADP
grhe-55824	70	23	machine	machine	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	24	learning	learning	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	25	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	70	26	driven	drive	VERB
grhe-55824	70	27	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	28	prediction	prediction	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	29	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	70	30	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	70	31	twin	twin	ADJ
grhe-55824	70	32	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	70	33	optimized	optimize	VERB
grhe-55824	70	34	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	35	workflows	workflow	NOUN
grhe-55824	70	36	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	71	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	71	2	3	3	X
grhe-55824	71	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	71	4	high	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	71	5	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	71	6	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	7	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	8	development	development	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	9	pressures	pressure	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	10	new	new	ADJ
grhe-55824	71	11	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	12	platforms	platform	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	13	such	such	ADJ
grhe-55824	71	14	as	as	ADP
grhe-55824	71	15	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	71	16	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	17	labs	labs	PROPN
grhe-55824	71	18	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	71	19	cloud	cloud	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	20	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	21	systems	system	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	22	require	require	VERB
grhe-55824	71	23	substantial	substantial	ADJ
grhe-55824	71	24	investments	investment	NOUN
grhe-55824	71	25	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	72	1	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	72	2	full	full	ADJ
grhe-55824	72	3	bim+vr	bim+vr	PROPN
grhe-55824	72	4	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	72	5	system	system	NOUN
grhe-55824	72	6	costs	cost	VERB
grhe-55824	72	7	over	over	ADP
grhe-55824	72	8	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	72	9	million	million	NUM
grhe-55824	72	10	rmb	rmb	NOUN
grhe-55824	72	11	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	72	12	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	72	13	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
grhe-55824	72	14	expenses	expense	NOUN
grhe-55824	72	15	like	like	ADP
grhe-55824	72	16	software	software	NOUN
grhe-55824	72	17	subscriptions	subscription	NOUN
grhe-55824	72	18	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	73	1	budget	budget	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	2	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	73	3	constrained	constrain	VERB
grhe-55824	73	4	institutions	institution	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	5	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	73	6	particularly	particularly	ADV
grhe-55824	73	7	smaller	small	ADJ
grhe-55824	73	8	ones	one	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	9	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	73	10	often	often	ADV
grhe-55824	73	11	settle	settle	VERB
grhe-55824	73	12	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	73	13	basic	basic	ADJ
grhe-55824	73	14	modules	module	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	15	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	73	16	unable	unable	ADJ
grhe-55824	73	17	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	73	18	build	build	VERB
grhe-55824	73	19	immersive	immersive	ADJ
grhe-55824	73	20	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	21	environments	environment	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	22	covering	cover	VERB
grhe-55824	73	23	design	design	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	24	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	73	25	construction	construction	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	26	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	73	27	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	73	28	operation	operation	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	29	lifecycle	lifecycle	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	30	phases	phase	NOUN
grhe-55824	73	31	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	1	4.2	4.2	NUM
grhe-55824	74	2	strategic	strategic	ADJ
grhe-55824	74	3	solutions	solution	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	4	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	5	1	1	X
grhe-55824	74	6	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	7	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	8	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	9	academia	academia	PROPN
grhe-55824	74	10	collaborative	collaborative	PROPN
grhe-55824	74	11	ecosystem	ecosystem	PROPN
grhe-55824	74	12	development	development	PROPN
grhe-55824	74	13	address	address	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	14	resource	resource	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	15	bottlenecks	bottleneck	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	16	through	through	ADP
grhe-55824	74	17	deepened	deepened	ADJ
grhe-55824	74	18	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	19	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	20	collaborate	collaborate	VERB
grhe-55824	74	21	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	74	22	tencent	tencent	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	23	cloud	cloud	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	24	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	74	25	deploy	deploy	VERB
grhe-55824	74	26	elastic	elastic	ADJ
grhe-55824	74	27	computing	computing	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	28	platforms	platform	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	29	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	30	reducing	reduce	VERB
grhe-55824	74	31	local	local	ADJ
grhe-55824	74	32	server	server	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	33	costs	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	34	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	35	establish	establish	VERB
grhe-55824	74	36	“	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	37	ai	ai	VERB
grhe-55824	74	38	quantity	quantity	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	39	calculation	calculation	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	40	workshops	workshop	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	41	”	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	42	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	74	43	glodon	glodon	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	44	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	45	integrating	integrate	VERB
grhe-55824	74	46	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	47	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	48	grade	grade	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	49	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	50	cases	case	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	51	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	74	52	real	real	ADJ
grhe-55824	74	53	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	74	54	time	time	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	55	material	material	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	56	price	price	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	57	databases	database	NOUN
grhe-55824	74	58	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	75	1	such	such	ADJ
grhe-55824	75	2	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
grhe-55824	75	3	ensure	ensure	VERB
grhe-55824	75	4	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	75	5	tools	tool	NOUN
grhe-55824	75	6	align	align	VERB
grhe-55824	75	7	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	75	8	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	75	9	standards	standard	NOUN
grhe-55824	75	10	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	75	11	enabling	enable	VERB
grhe-55824	75	12	student	student	NOUN
grhe-55824	75	13	participation	participation	NOUN
grhe-55824	75	14	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	75	15	live	live	ADJ
grhe-55824	75	16	smart	smart	ADJ
grhe-55824	75	17	costing	costing	NOUN
grhe-55824	75	18	workflows	workflow	NOUN
grhe-55824	75	19	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	76	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	76	2	2	2	X
grhe-55824	76	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	76	4	tiered	tiere	VERB
grhe-55824	76	5	faculty	faculty	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	6	capacity	capacity	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	7	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	76	8	building	build	VERB
grhe-55824	76	9	framework	framework	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	10	implement	implement	VERB
grhe-55824	76	11	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	76	12	three	three	NUM
grhe-55824	76	13	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	76	14	stage	stage	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	15	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	16	system	system	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	17	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	76	18	basic	basic	ADJ
grhe-55824	76	19	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	20	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	76	21	workshops	workshop	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	22	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	76	23	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	24	parametric	parametric	ADJ
grhe-55824	76	25	design	design	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	26	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	76	27	machine	machine	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	28	learning	learn	VERB
grhe-55824	76	29	applications	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	76	30	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	77	1	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	77	2	immersion	immersion	NOUN
grhe-55824	77	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	77	4	mandate	mandate	NOUN
grhe-55824	77	5	faculty	faculty	NOUN
grhe-55824	77	6	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	77	7	engage	engage	VERB
grhe-55824	77	8	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	77	9	≥2	≥2	PROPN
grhe-55824	77	10	months	month	NOUN
grhe-55824	77	11	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	77	12	smart	smart	ADJ
grhe-55824	77	13	costing	costing	NOUN
grhe-55824	77	14	projects	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	77	15	annually	annually	ADV
grhe-55824	77	16	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	78	1	certification	certification	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	2	programs	program	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	78	4	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
grhe-55824	78	5	credentials	credential	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	6	like	like	ADP
grhe-55824	78	7	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
grhe-55824	78	8	azure	azure	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	9	or	or	CCONJ
grhe-55824	78	10	alibaba	alibaba	PROPN
grhe-55824	78	11	cloud	cloud	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	12	certifications	certification	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	13	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	78	14	enhance	enhance	VERB
grhe-55824	78	15	cloud	cloud	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	16	platform	platform	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	17	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	18	skills	skill	NOUN
grhe-55824	78	19	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	79	1	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	79	2	3	3	X
grhe-55824	79	3	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	79	4	modular	modular	ADJ
grhe-55824	79	5	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
grhe-55824	79	6	restructuring	restructuring	NOUN
grhe-55824	79	7	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	79	8	resource	resource	NOUN
grhe-55824	79	9	sharing	sharing	NOUN
grhe-55824	79	10	deconstruct	deconstruct	VERB
grhe-55824	79	11	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	79	12	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	79	13	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
grhe-55824	79	14	into	into	ADP
grhe-55824	79	15	standalone	standalone	ADJ
grhe-55824	79	16	units	unit	NOUN
grhe-55824	79	17	to	to	PART
grhe-55824	79	18	accommodate	accommodate	VERB
grhe-55824	79	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
grhe-55824	79	20	constraints	constraint	NOUN
grhe-55824	79	21	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	80	1	develop	develop	VERB
grhe-55824	80	2	regional	regional	ADJ
grhe-55824	80	3	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	80	4	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	80	5	resource	resource	NOUN
grhe-55824	80	6	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	80	7	sharing	share	VERB
grhe-55824	80	8	platforms	platform	NOUN
grhe-55824	80	9	using	use	VERB
grhe-55824	80	10	5	5	NUM
grhe-55824	80	11	g	g	NOUN
grhe-55824	80	12	networks	network	NOUN
grhe-55824	80	13	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	80	14	cross	cross	ADJ
grhe-55824	80	15	-	-	ADJ
grhe-55824	80	16	institutional	institutional	ADJ
grhe-55824	80	17	vr	vr	PROPN
grhe-55824	80	18	/	/	SYM
grhe-55824	80	19	ar	ar	NOUN
grhe-55824	80	20	content	content	NOUN
grhe-55824	80	21	distribution	distribution	NOUN
grhe-55824	80	22	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	80	23	minimizing	minimize	VERB
grhe-55824	80	24	redundant	redundant	ADJ
grhe-55824	80	25	investments	investment	NOUN
grhe-55824	80	26	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	81	1	5	5	X
grhe-55824	81	2	.	.	X
grhe-55824	81	3	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	4	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	81	5	prospects	prospect	VERB
grhe-55824	81	6	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	81	7	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	8	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	9	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	81	10	dii	dii	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	11	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	81	12	offers	offer	VERB
grhe-55824	81	13	transformative	transformative	ADJ
grhe-55824	81	14	tools	tool	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	15	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	81	16	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	17	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	81	18	advancing	advance	VERB
grhe-55824	81	19	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	20	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	21	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	22	;	;	PUNCT
grhe-55824	81	23	however	however	ADV
grhe-55824	81	24	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	81	25	its	its	PRON
grhe-55824	81	26	effective	effective	ADJ
grhe-55824	81	27	implementation	implementation	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	28	necessitates	necessitate	VERB
grhe-55824	81	29	foundational	foundational	ADJ
grhe-55824	81	30	reforms	reform	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	31	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	81	32	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	33	design	design	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	34	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	81	35	faculty	faculty	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	36	competency	competency	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	37	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	38	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	81	39	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	81	40	resource	resource	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	41	consolidation	consolidation	NOUN
grhe-55824	81	42	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	82	1	future	future	ADJ
grhe-55824	82	2	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	3	should	should	AUX
grhe-55824	82	4	prioritize	prioritize	VERB
grhe-55824	82	5	three	three	NUM
grhe-55824	82	6	critical	critical	ADJ
grhe-55824	82	7	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	8	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	82	9	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	82	10	seamless	seamless	ADJ
grhe-55824	82	11	integration	integration	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	12	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	82	13	emerging	emerge	VERB
grhe-55824	82	14	technologies	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	15	into	into	ADP
grhe-55824	82	16	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
grhe-55824	82	17	frameworks	framework	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	18	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	82	19	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	82	20	establishment	establishment	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	21	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	82	22	standardized	standardized	ADJ
grhe-55824	82	23	dii	dii	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	24	-	-	ADJ
grhe-55824	82	25	aligned	align	VERB
grhe-55824	82	26	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	27	systems	system	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	28	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	82	29	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	82	30	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	82	31	development	development	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	32	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	82	33	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
grhe-55824	82	34	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
grhe-55824	82	35	training	training	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	36	models	model	NOUN
grhe-55824	82	37	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	83	1	by	by	ADP
grhe-55824	83	2	continuously	continuously	ADV
grhe-55824	83	3	refining	refine	VERB
grhe-55824	83	4	instructional	instructional	ADJ
grhe-55824	83	5	pathways	pathway	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	6	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	83	7	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/grhe	PROPN
grhe-55824	83	8	global	global	ADJ
grhe-55824	83	9	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	10	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	83	11	higher	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	83	12	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	13	vol	vol	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	14	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	83	15	8	8	NUM
grhe-55824	83	16	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	83	17	no	no	INTJ
grhe-55824	83	18	.	.	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	19	1	1	NUM
grhe-55824	83	20	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	83	21	2025	2025	NUM
grhe-55824	83	22	91	91	NUM
grhe-55824	83	23	published	publish	VERB
grhe-55824	83	24	by	by	ADP
grhe-55824	83	25	scholink	scholink	PROPN
grhe-55824	83	26	inc	inc	PROPN
grhe-55824	83	27	.	.	PROPN
grhe-55824	83	28	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	29	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	30	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	31	will	will	AUX
grhe-55824	83	32	not	not	PART
grhe-55824	83	33	only	only	ADV
grhe-55824	83	34	drive	drive	VERB
grhe-55824	83	35	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	83	36	digital	digital	ADJ
grhe-55824	83	37	transformation	transformation	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	38	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	83	39	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	83	40	industry	industry	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	41	but	but	CCONJ
grhe-55824	83	42	also	also	ADV
grhe-55824	83	43	cultivate	cultivate	VERB
grhe-55824	83	44	high	high	ADJ
grhe-55824	83	45	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	83	46	caliber	caliber	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	47	professionals	professional	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	48	equipped	equip	VERB
grhe-55824	83	49	with	with	ADP
grhe-55824	83	50	technical	technical	ADJ
grhe-55824	83	51	acumen	acuman	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	52	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	83	53	innovative	innovative	ADJ
grhe-55824	83	54	problem	problem	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	55	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	83	56	solving	solve	VERB
grhe-55824	83	57	capabilities	capability	NOUN
grhe-55824	83	58	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	84	1	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	2	funding	funding	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	3	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	4	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	84	5	qingdao	qingdao	PROPN
grhe-55824	84	6	city	city	PROPN
grhe-55824	84	7	university	university	PROPN
grhe-55824	84	8	school	school	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	9	-	-	PUNCT
grhe-55824	84	10	level	level	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	11	scientific	scientific	ADJ
grhe-55824	84	12	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	13	team-“digital	team-“digital	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	14	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	84	15	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ
grhe-55824	84	16	services	service	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	17	for	for	ADP
grhe-55824	84	18	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	84	19	entire	entire	ADJ
grhe-55824	84	20	process	process	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	21	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	84	22	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	23	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	24	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	25	management	management	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	26	based	base	VERB
grhe-55824	84	27	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	84	28	big	big	ADJ
grhe-55824	84	29	data	datum	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	30	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	84	31	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	32	technology	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	33	”	"	PUNCT
grhe-55824	84	34	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	84	35	qcu22tdkj01	qcu22tdkj01	NOUN
grhe-55824	84	36	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	84	37	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	85	1	references	reference	NOUN
grhe-55824	85	2	bao	bao	PROPN
grhe-55824	85	3	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	85	4	l.	l.	PROPN
grhe-55824	85	5	r.	r.	PROPN
grhe-55824	85	6	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	85	7	2024	2024	NUM
grhe-55824	85	8	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	85	9	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	86	1	application	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	86	2	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	86	3	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	86	4	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	86	5	method	method	NOUN
grhe-55824	86	6	based	base	VERB
grhe-55824	86	7	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	86	8	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	86	9	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	86	10	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	86	11	course	course	NOUN
grhe-55824	86	12	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	86	13	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	86	14	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	86	15	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	87	1	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
grhe-55824	87	2	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	87	3	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	87	4	methodology	methodology	NOUN
grhe-55824	87	5	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	87	6	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	87	7	4	4	NUM
grhe-55824	87	8	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	87	9	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	88	1	hong	hong	PROPN
grhe-55824	88	2	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	88	3	h.	h.	PROPN
grhe-55824	88	4	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	88	5	2021	2021	NUM
grhe-55824	88	6	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	88	7	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	89	1	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	89	2	on	on	ADP
grhe-55824	89	3	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	89	4	application	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	89	5	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	89	6	virtual	virtual	ADJ
grhe-55824	89	7	simulation	simulation	NOUN
grhe-55824	89	8	practice	practice	NOUN
grhe-55824	89	9	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	89	10	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	89	11	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	89	12	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	89	13	specialty	specialty	NOUN
grhe-55824	89	14	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	90	1	e3s	e3s	PROPN
grhe-55824	90	2	web	web	NOUN
grhe-55824	90	3	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	90	4	conferences	conference	NOUN
grhe-55824	90	5	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	91	1	edp	edp	PROPN
grhe-55824	91	2	sciences	sciences	PROPN
grhe-55824	91	3	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	92	1	https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302017	https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302017	PROPN
grhe-55824	92	2	huang	huang	PROPN
grhe-55824	92	3	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	92	4	y.	y.	PROPN
grhe-55824	92	5	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	92	6	2022	2022	NUM
grhe-55824	92	7	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	92	8	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	93	1	a	a	DET
grhe-55824	93	2	reform	reform	NOUN
grhe-55824	93	3	process	process	NOUN
grhe-55824	93	4	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	93	5	enlightenment	enlightenment	NOUN
grhe-55824	93	6	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	93	7	online	online	ADJ
grhe-55824	93	8	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	93	9	offline	offline	ADJ
grhe-55824	93	10	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
grhe-55824	93	11	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	93	12	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	93	13	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	93	14	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	93	15	major	major	ADJ
grhe-55824	93	16	——	——	PUNCT
grhe-55824	93	17	taking	take	VERB
grhe-55824	93	18	wuhan	wuhan	PROPN
grhe-55824	93	19	institute	institute	PROPN
grhe-55824	93	20	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	93	21	engineering	engineering	PROPN
grhe-55824	93	22	science	science	NOUN
grhe-55824	93	23	as	as	ADP
grhe-55824	93	24	an	an	DET
grhe-55824	93	25	example	example	NOUN
grhe-55824	93	26	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	94	1	education	education	NOUN
grhe-55824	94	2	theory	theory	NOUN
grhe-55824	94	3	:	:	PUNCT
grhe-55824	94	4	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	94	5	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	94	6	learning	learning	NOUN
grhe-55824	94	7	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	95	1	https://doi.org/10.55571/ettl.2022.04005	https://doi.org/10.55571/ettl.2022.04005	PROPN
grhe-55824	95	2	yang	yang	PROPN
grhe-55824	95	3	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	95	4	s.	s.	PROPN
grhe-55824	95	5	s.	s.	PROPN
grhe-55824	95	6	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	95	7	2020	2020	NUM
grhe-55824	95	8	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	95	9	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	96	1	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	96	2	practice	practice	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	3	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	96	4	project	project	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	6	method	method	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	7	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	96	8	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	9	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	10	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	11	—	—	PUNCT
grhe-55824	96	12	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	96	13	application	application	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	14	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	96	15	bim	bim	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	16	technology	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	96	17	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	97	1	frontiers	frontier	NOUN
grhe-55824	97	2	in	in	ADP
grhe-55824	97	3	educational	educational	ADJ
grhe-55824	97	4	research	research	NOUN
grhe-55824	97	5	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	97	6	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	97	7	15.0	15.0	NUM
grhe-55824	97	8	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	97	9	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	98	1	zhang	zhang	PROPN
grhe-55824	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	98	3	y.	y.	PROPN
grhe-55824	98	4	f.	f.	PROPN
grhe-55824	98	5	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	98	6	&	&	CCONJ
grhe-55824	98	7	mo	mo	PROPN
grhe-55824	98	8	,	,	PUNCT
grhe-55824	98	9	h.	h.	PROPN
grhe-55824	98	10	j.	j.	PROPN
grhe-55824	98	11	(	(	PUNCT
grhe-55824	98	12	2022	2022	NUM
grhe-55824	98	13	)	)	PUNCT
grhe-55824	98	14	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	99	1	reforming	reform	VERB
grhe-55824	99	2	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	99	3	teaching	teaching	NOUN
grhe-55824	99	4	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	99	5	engineering	engineering	NOUN
grhe-55824	99	6	cost	cost	NOUN
grhe-55824	99	7	budgeting	budget	VERB
grhe-55824	99	8	majors	major	NOUN
grhe-55824	99	9	by	by	ADP
grhe-55824	99	10	integrating	integrate	VERB
grhe-55824	99	11	vr	vr	PROPN
grhe-55824	99	12	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	99	13	bim	bim	PROPN
grhe-55824	99	14	technology	technology	NOUN
grhe-55824	99	15	under	under	ADP
grhe-55824	99	16	the	the	DET
grhe-55824	99	17	internet	internet	NOUN
grhe-55824	99	18	of	of	ADP
grhe-55824	99	19	things	thing	NOUN
grhe-55824	99	20	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	100	1	security	security	NOUN
grhe-55824	100	2	and	and	CCONJ
grhe-55824	100	3	communication	communication	NOUN
grhe-55824	100	4	networks	network	NOUN
grhe-55824	100	5	.	.	PUNCT
grhe-55824	101	1	https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4183059	https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4183059	PROPN
grhe-55824	101	2	https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302017	https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302017	PROPN
grhe-55824	101	3	https://doi.org/10.55571/ettl.2022.04005	https://doi.org/10.55571/ettl.2022.04005	PROPN
grhe-55824	101	4	https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4183059	https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4183059	NOUN