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https://doi.org/10.56556/gssr.v1i2.348 

                                                                  

 

Global Scientific Research              22 
 

Prospect for green policing: Constructs and dimensions of environmental 

sustainability in the context of public safety 

Alvin Romualdo1 

1Philippine Public Safety College-National Police College Davao, Philippines  

Corresponding author: Alvin Romualdo; aqr031891@gmail.com 

Received: 13 October, 2022, Accepted: 25 November, 2022, Published: 27 November, 2022 

 

Abstract 

The vulnerability of the environment to the risk posed by climate change becomes even more exponential with the rapid 

phase of the industrial revolution and globalization in the contemporary era. As a key pillar of sustainability, the role of 

every societal sector is critical in the consummation of environmental equilibrium. This study was carried out to develop a 

common framework for the programming of green activities in the realm of public safety sectors and to establish 

standardized indicators for the coordination and complementation of environmental sustainability efforts and initiatives. 

The study employed a quantitative research design that supports the use of an instrument to explore the constructs and 

dimensions of environmental sustainability in public safety through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) via Exploratory 

Factor Analysis (EFA). The data harbored a 0.964 index on the Kaiser-Mayer-Oldin (KMO) Measure of Sampling 

Adequacy which implies that the explored constructs are highly correlated. Similarly, Barlett's Test of Sphericity 

demonstrated strong significance with a value of .000, implying that all indicators are factorable. Furthermore, the Scree 

plot revealed that there are two (2) dimensions that yielded an Eigenvalue that is equal to or greater than 1 (λ=≥1) namely 

Green Behavior and Sustainable Operations. The explored constructs and dimensions are necessary for the development of 

a model for Green Policing which can serve as a basis for monitoring and evaluation of environmental law enforcement and 

environmental sustainability efforts of the public safety sectors. 

Keywords: green behavior, sustainable operations, public safety sectors, indicators 

 

Introduction 

In recent years, a wide range of megatrends in the spectra 

of demographic upheavals, economic and social dynamics 

fluctuation, technological advancement, and 

environmental degradation have accelerated global 

concerns of sustainable development (Lefevre et al., 2022). 

In the environmental landscape, a key tenet of Sustainable 

Development, organisms' habitats are diminishing, the 

capacity to repair biodiversity is dwindling, the climate is 

changing, invasive alien species are exponentially rising, 

and natural resources are under unprecedented demand. 

The World Economic Forum (WEF) Report argued that the 

most significant concerns for the next five years are social 

and environmental risks. Over a 10-year horizon, 

environmental concerns takes the center stage of the global 

environment's health. Environmental issues and 

challenges are regarded as the five most serious long-term 

dangers to the globe, and possibly damaging to people and 

planet. Accordingly, rated as the top three most serious 

risks relative to environment are climate action failure, 

extreme weather, and biodiversity loss (WEF, 2022).  

For instance, pollution impacts every part of the earth, 

affecting our health through the food we eat, the water we 

drink, and the air we breathe. Pollutants such heavy metals 

and organic chemicals, as well as those used in electrical 

insulators and flame retardants, have been detected in plant 

and animal tissues even at the most distant areas like polar 

ice caps, deep abyssal seas, and high mountains (Jamieson 

et al., 2017). According to the World Health Organization, 

environmental causes account for approximately one-

quarter of all deaths worldwide, or 12.6 million people in 

2012, with at least 8.2 million attributable to non-

communicable environmental causes and more than three-

fourths occurring in just three locations (Prüss-Üstün et al., 

2016). 

The Global Dangers Report of the World Economic 

Forum's in 2018 outlined that six of the ten largest risks 

that might afflict the world in terms of likelihood and effect 

are environmental in nature (WEF, 2018). Existentially, all 

https://doi.org/10.56556/gssr.v1i2.348
mailto:aqr031891@gmail.com


Global Sustainability Research 

Global Scientific Research              23 
 

sorts of ecosystems and biomes, as well as all the processes 

and mechanisms that manage the Earth system's balance 

and resilience, are under great stress (Aukema et al., 2017; 

Collins, 2018). This phenomenon of worldwide 

environmental deterioration offers a serious threat to social 

and economic growth and development, and its 

consequences necessitate the intervention of public safety 

or law enforcement.  

In response to the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, a 

slew of international accords and national environmental 

laws are in existence, and they are carried out by 

environmental regulation and enforcement among public 

safety and law enforcement organizations. However, since 

environmental deterioration continues at its sophisticated 

high, present environmental legislation implementation is 

not as successful as intended in halting environmental 

damages (Vogel et al., 2016). These limitations are the 

result of a variety of causes, including limited human 

capacities, leadership and management, a lack of access to 

technology, unpredictable economic development, and 

expansion, and the transboundary character of 

environmental impacts, among others (Baloch et al., 2020; 

Soga & Gaston, 2018; UNEP, 2018). 

Because the implementation of environmental law 

necessitates adaptation, countries' implementation and 

compliance practices and strategies shift from relying 

solely on severe penalties for environmental violations to 

viewing compliance through criminal sanctions to heed 

action for substantial compliance (Paddock et al., 2017). 

Agenda 21, a global roadmap or blueprint for sustainable 

development born out of the 1992 United Nations 

Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) 

Earth Summit and heeded by the Philippines through 

Philippine Agenda 21, recognizes the importance of public 

safety law enforcement in enabling legislation to 

effectively manage the environment and promote 

sustainable development in full swing.  

The role of public safety sectors particularly the law 

enforcers or police is critical in the attainment of 

environmental sustainability. Given this importance, most 

law enforcement agencies fail to examine the 

environmental impact of their operations (Konyk, 2018). 

Alarmingly, according to the United Nations Environment 

Programme (2014), environmental deterioration is rising, 

and the current environmental law enforcement in almost 

all developing countries of the world is not as effective as 

may be desired. This can be attributed to constraints in 

human capacity and access to technology; nationwide push 

toward poverty alleviation and rapid economic growth; 

and, most importantly, a lack of knowledge of potential 

solutions that could be appropriate, or resilient to countries' 

environmental policing needs (UNEP, 2014). More so, 

there is a dearth of study and literature vis-à-vis Green 

Policing and environmental sustainability in the parlance 

of public safety and in the context of public safety sector. 

Evidently, studies on environmental sustainability 

primarily pitched into the efforts undertaken by 

educational institutions, businesses and enterprise, and 

other government institutions, and study on sustainability 

initiatives, most specifically Green Policing, is almost nil, 

if not nothing at all.   

This study was borne out of the aforementioned realities. 

As environmental problems worsen, the role of public 

safety, particularly law enforcement, becomes increasingly 

important. This study explored the constructs and 

dimensions of environmental sustainability in public 

safety, prospecting the concept of Green Policing as a 

strategy to complement sustainability and public safety in 

promoting a green community.  

Literature Review 

Legal Foundation 

Sustainable development was previously established as a 

policy in the Philippines as early as the 1970s, long before 

the concept gained international recognition. This is based 

on Presidential Decree No. 1151 of 1977, also known as 

the Philippine Environmental Policy (PEP), which urged 

the broadest range abuse of resources (exploitation), 

subject to the circumstance that it will not destroy or pose 

threat to humanity’s health and safety, and that it will not 

set conditions that are detrimental to country's economy by 

and large (de Guzman, 2012). The Philippine Strategy for 

Sustainable Development (PSSD) that was crafted 

in 1987 is the country's most robust approach for attaining 

the twin pillars of sustainable development back in the 

1980s: economic growth and environmental integrity. 

During the time, social development did not emerge as 

a pillar of sustainable development until ten years later, 

when the Philippine Agenda 21 (PA21) was established. 

Following the PEP declaration came the Philippine 

National Strategy for Sustainable Development framed in 

1989 and the Action Plan for Sustainable Development, 

commonly called as Philippine Agenda 21. The 1989 

strategy aimed for economic growth while protecting the 

country's biological variety, key ecosystem services, and 

overall environmental quality. The Philippine Agenda 21 

also established parameters for long-term national 

development and centered economic development on 

ecological responsibility and improved on the PEP by 

shifting the emphasis from maximum output to "suitable 

productivity" within the bounds of the physical 

environment's carrying capacity, in some ways (Lasco et 

al., 2018).  

Clearly, as a response to the 1992 United Nations 

Conference on Environment and Development, also known 

as the Earth Summit, the PA21 became the country's 

national agenda for sustainable development in the 21st 

century. Consequently, in addition to providing enabling 

policies for economic and environmental sustainability and 

integrating the concept of sustainable development into the 



Global Sustainability Research 

Global Scientific Research              24 
 

framework of governance of the country, the action agenda 

enshrined in PA21 explicitly highlighted investments in 

“human and social capital, health, population management, 

and human settlements, while also acknowledging the need 

to address” community poverty and other pressing social 

issues (Haque, 2017; Howes et al., 2017). Today, PA 21 is 

still used as the pertinent document for the government's 

sustainable development policy. 

The Philippines has been a pioneer in enacting laws and 

regulations concerning the environment and natural 

resources (ENR). The government has passed several laws 

and established agencies over the years to manage, protect, 

and conserve the country's environment and natural 

resources (World Bank, 2009). The 1987 Philippine 

Constitution, which clearly and explicitly regarded the 

right of people "to a balanced and healthful ecology in 

accordance with the rhythm and harmony of nature," 

established the country's commitment to all aspects of 

sustainability including towards environmental 

preservation and protection, economic growth and 

development, and social justice and equity promotion 

(Delloro & Gonzalez III, 2021). 

The creation of the MidTerm Philippine Development Plan 

(MTPDP) 2004–2010 and the country's commitment to the 

Millennium Development Goals bolstered the sustainable 

development agenda even more. It  recognized five (5) 

environmental and natural resource sector targets, namely, 

maintaining self-sustaining and more productive usage of 

available resources to encourage investments and 

entrepreneurial spirit; promotion of sustainable mining 

operations that conform to the principles of sustainability: 

economic growth, environmental protection, and social 

equity; reinforcing protection provided to vulnerable and 

ecologically-fragile areas; ensuring a healthy environment 

for the people; and preventing the incidence of natural 

catastrophes in order to save lives and properties (World 

Bank, 2009). 

Following that, in September 2015, the 192 United Nations 

(UN) member states including the Philippines, made an 

agreement to pursue efforts in attaining the seventeen (17) 

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the associated 

169 objectives by 2030. The 17 Global Goals encompass 

the sustainability pillars (environmental, social, and 

economic). The underlying objectives or targets for each 

goal relate to the Sustainable Development theme no one 

is left behind. It was then recognized that the Global Goals 

are crucial in the fulfillment of the long-term vision 

delineated in AmBisyon Natin 2040 (Reyes et al., 2019). 

The concept of Green Policing is based on the existence of 

campaigns and the implementation of environmental laws 

and programs by the Philippine National Police in 

accordance with its core value Makakalikasan (pro-

environment), which is centered on environmental 

protection and conservation in order to maintain ecological 

balance.  

As per Executive Order Nos. 23 and 26, series of 2011, the 

Department of Environment and Natural Resources 

(DENR) as the primary government agency in charge of 

conserving, managing, developing, and using the country's 

environment and natural resources launched the National 

Greening Program (NGP) as the agency's banner program 

in 2011, with the goal of implementing sustainable 

management of natural resources through resource 

conservation, protection, and productivity enhancement, as 

well as consolidating and harmonizing all greening efforts 

of the government, civil society, and the private sector, 

among others. Through the PNP LOI 42-09 

(Project T.R.E.E.s.) "Pulis Makakalikasan: 10 Milyong 

Puno, Pamana sa Kinabukasan" project, the DENR has 

collaborated with the Philippine National Police. Other 

than tree-growing operations as the main focus of Pulis 

Makakalikasan, there have also been environmental 

initiatives such as clean-up drives on the town's streets and 

coastal regions, as well as beneath the water via Pulis 

Scubasureros. The cleanliness of police camps and stations 

is one aspect of the Intensified Cleanliness Program (ICP). 

These fundamental values and green policing initiatives are 

expected to be implemented in all police stations around 

the country.  

Sustainability and Its Overarching Pillars 

Environmental risks are associated with greater rates of 

violence. This is related to system processes, in which 

resource scarcity and violent conflict fuel one another, 

establishing a chain reaction (IEP, 2021). Rockström et al., 

(2009) argues that if one environmental problem is not 

fixed, the other will be adversely affected such that one 

environmental problem does not remain fixed in its current 

condition but rather worsens other environmental concerns 

in a domino effect. For instance, the habitat loss has an 

impact on agricultural productivity as well. An "indirect" 

ecological function is the loss of pollinators which results 

in lower harvests of native pollinators species of plants 

(Nilsson, 2019). 

When one views sustainability as a three-pronged pillar 

comprised of the environment, the economy, and society, 

or as a dualistic connection between humans and the 

ecosystems they occupy, there should be consensus that 

maintaining the supply of clean air, clean water, and clean 

and fertile land is fundamental to a sustainable 

socioeconomic system. It is evident that creating a 

sustainable civilization would be hard or impossible 

without a sustainably suitable environment to offer a 

resource basis. Likewise, a sustainable economy is 

dependent on a continuous material flow, energy, and 

natural resources for without it, the economic systems will 

fail (Morelli, 2011). 

As supported by (Gibson, 2010), sustainable development 

is an ever-changing process. The sustainability of social, 

economic, and environmental systems is inextricably 



Global Sustainability Research 

Global Scientific Research              25 
 

intertwined thus, while building a sustainable development 

paradigm, possible trade-offs among these three pillars of 

sustainability must be addressed. Extreme event risk and 

trade-offs between economic growth, social wellbeing, and 

the environment are examples of environmental 

sustainability links. 

Environmental Sustainability Framework for Public 

Safety 

On the level of policies for sustainability,  Howes et al., 

(2017) claimed that there is a plethora of new policies, 

spanning from international treaties to national initiatives, 

environmental regulations at several levels of the 

government, regional programs, and even local plans and 

programs. Nonetheless, years of scientific monitoring 

reveal that the globe is no closer towards achieving 

environmental sustainability. In fact, the situation is 

worsening, with policy implementation failure playing a 

large role. Howes and colleagues further stress that 

multiple literature demonstrates that the inability of 

environmental policies to achieve their intended goals is 

related to economic, political, and communicative 

problems. Overlaps between environmental and economic 

development objectives, insufficient resources to adopt 

environmental regulations, and inability to meet objectives 

to various stakeholders are all crucial factors contributing 

to the nonattainment of environmental sustainability. 

According to the United Nations Environment Programme, 

environmental deterioration is rising, and the current 

environmental law enforcement in almost all developing 

countries of the world is not as effective as may be desired 

(Holley, 2017; UNEP, 2014). As environmental problems 

worsen, the role of public safety, particularly law 

enforcement, becomes increasingly important thus, 

environmental law enforcement must evolve. As a result, 

states have begun to shift their strict enforcement processes 

and operations away from relying solely on the imposition 

of strict sanctions for environmental violations or towards 

viewing punitive measures as just one of the components 

of a set of actions that national governments must aim to 

accomplish substantial compliance. As the link between 

national and international laws on environment becomes 

more significant and recognized, it is evident that effective 

and efficient enforcement and implementation of 

environmental laws is required if international 

environmental legislation is viewed to be sustainable. 

UNEP (2014) also reported that in emerging and transition 

economies, some of the policy instruments have frequently 

not transpired in concert with investment in employee 

capacity, knowledge bases, or equipment due to conflicting 

priorities. Failure to pay enough attention to inspection and 

monitoring, as well as failure to put processes in place for 

engaging the regulated community and discouraging 

infractions, fosters a culture of impunity and undermines 

the efficacy of environmental legislation and enforcement.  

The report also suggests that as technology progresses and 

the world is at its rapid pace, an effective enforcement 

necessitates executives staying to stay on top of appropriate 

and updated technological tools and equipment to 

empower law enforcement officials to fulfill their duties 

more effectively and efficiently, thus, appropriate training 

must be prioritized to enhance and upskill the capacity of 

police agencies. 

Methodology 

 

Research Design 

 

This study employed a quantitative technique that 

promotes the use of a research instrument to determine the 

indicators of environmental sustainability in public safety 

and to identify the possible dimensions of Green Policing 

as a basis to develop a green strategy for the public safety 

sectors. The identification of the indicators of 

environmental sustainability in public safety was validated 

by key experts from the Department of Environment and 

Natural Resources (DENR) and Philippine National Police 

Region 12. 

 

Research Respondents/Locale 

 

Upon consolidation, the indicators identified were then 

tested on the respondents who were the police officers in 

the eight (8) police stations under the General Santos City 

Police Office (GSCPO) that are strategically established to 

deliver basic police services in all twenty-six (26) 

barangays of the city. 

 

 Sampling Technique 

 

The population was established using stratified random 

sampling, a probability sampling approach in which the 

researcher divides the overall population into subgroups to 

represent a population (Acharya et al., 2013). This makes 

it easier for the researcher to glean relevant inferences from 

the responses. Using this sampling strategy, the researcher 

randomly picked respondents who fit the target group using 

a confidence interval of 5%. 

 

 Data Administration and Collection 

 

The administration and collection of data were made 

through digital forms. 

 

Data Analysis 

 

The responses obtained were statistically treated and 

analyzed utilizing Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) 

through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to 

sequentially standardize linked metrics and examine the 



Global Sustainability Research 

Global Scientific Research              26 
 

underpinning factor structure of a set of observed variables 

without attempting to impose a predetermined structure on 

the conclusion (Knekta et al., 2019; Suhr, 2006). EFA, as 

the name suggests, explores the latent and manifest 

constructs or variables.  

 

 

Results And Discussion 

 

Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin and Barlett’s Test of Sphericity 

The KMO (Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin) index is a statistical test 

that determines if the correlation between variables is too 

low for a factor model to be regarded as adequate (Watkins, 

2018). It is a more accurate measure of factorability since 

it determines if the correlation coefficients within the data 

are close enough to zero to indicate that there is at least one 

(1) latent factor underlying the variables, with 0.50 being 

the minimum acceptable value ((Smyth, R. & Jonhson, 

2016).  

Table 1 shows the result of the Kaiser-Mayer-Oldin 

measure of Sampling Adequacy and Barlett’s Test of 

Sphericity result for the dimensions of environmental 

sustainability in the context of public safety. The KMO 

value of .964 implies that the sample is in high correlations 

and that the 286 sample size is sufficient for analyzing the 

dimensions of environmental sustainability.  

Correspondingly, Barlett’s Test of Sphericity showed high 

significance with its value of .000, which is less than .001, 

and therefore further implies that all items are factorable 

(Williams et al., 2010). 

 

Table 1. KMO and Bartlett's Test 

 

 Scree Plot Analysis 

 

The Scree plot is a graphical representation of the total 

variance of data suited by the total initial Eigen value vs 

the number of components or indicators (Frey, 2018). 

Through the Scree Plot Analysis, first step in factor 

analysis is deciding how many factors to extract in order to 

produce the most parsimonious (but still interpretable) 

factor structure. Drawing a straight line across the plotted 

eigenvalues, beginning with the greatest, the last point on 

this line symbolizes the last factor extracted, with the 

notion being that any more variation explained beyond this 

point is meaningless (Smyth & Jonhson, 2016). 

The Scree plot below reveals that there are two (2) factors 

or dimensions that yield an Eigenvalue that is equal to or 

greater than 1 (λ=≥1). Starting with the initial element, the 

slope gradually descends until it approaches a semi-vertical 

horizontal line formation, as shown in Figure 1.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 1. The Scree Plot 

 Constructs and Dimensions of Environmental 

Sustainability in Public Safety 

The result of Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal 

Component Analysis (PCA) generated two (2) dimensions: 

Green Behavior and Sustainable Operations.  

Tables 2 and 3 underscored the unidimensionality of the 

constructs by way of determining the base linear 

combination of indicators through Principal Component 

Analysis. 

The dimension of Green Behavior includes setting aside 

time during meetings to talk about environmental 

sustainability strategies; development of an operation plan 

for promoting environmental-friendly initiatives; 

expansion of messaging around zero waste and recycling 

and promoting the same in the community sectors; 

promotion of staff carpooling by choosing public transport 

preferably e-jeeps, and use of a bicycle in congested and 

heavy traffic areas; establishment of secure video/web 

Group conferencing capabilities at all main sites to reduce 

travel; establishment of green policing network among 

stakeholders and the community to increase information 

sharing and foster environmental leadership.; usage of fleet 

card for monthly fuel consumption to control fuel and 

maintenance expenses; and the requirement for external 

stakeholders to electronically submit documents and accept 

paperless transactions.

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling 

Adequacy 
.964 

Bartlett's Test of 

Sphericity 

Approx. Chi-Square 7217.072 

df 210 

Sig. .000 



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Global Scientific Research              27 
 

 

Table 2. Dimension on Green Behavior and Its Indicators 

 

Table 3. Dimension on Sustainable Operations and Its Indicators 

 

Green behavior encompasses the promotion of 

sustainability awareness, education of staff on best 

practices, and advocacy for sustainability in everyday 

behaviors. It is also about elevating the profile of 

sustainability and fostering a green culture. Individual 

choices have varying degrees of relevance when it comes 

to environmental sustainability. By organizing options 

such that the greenest alternatives are the default, police 

stations may essentially assist raise awareness about the 

benefits of ecologically friendly choices (Konyk, 2018). 

Sustainable operations as another dimension covers the 

implementation of Intensified Cleanliness Policy in the 

station and police community outpost; continuance of 

support to the DENR National Greening Program and 

environmental awareness campaigns like afforestation, 

planting of trees and gardening and adopt a forest program; 

implementation of paper use reductions (paperless) such as  

 

records digitization and use of electronic approvals for 

administrative matters, bring-your-own-mug and bring-

your-own-container programs, and police uniform 

recycling program; installation of on-site composting bins 

in community gardens; abidance on the 3R’s concept 

(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) and upgrading it to 5R’s 

(addition of Refuse and Repurpose); organization of Green 

Audits and use electricity and water resources judiciously 

in compliance with RA 11285 or the Energy Efficiency and 

Conservation (EEC) Act; buying and promotion on the use 

reusable paper utensils, water bottles, cloth or cotton mesh 

bag (ecobag) and other eco-friendly products and ensure 

single-use items are biodegradable; use of renewable 

resources like solar panels or solar-generated lamps; 

enforcement of environmental laws by apprehending 

violators in coordination with the DENR’s law enforcers; 

and continuous enhancement of environmental 

Indicators 
Value Dimension 

Allot time at meetings to discuss environmental sustainability measures .822 
 

 

 

 

 

Green Behavior 

Develop an operation plan for promoting environmental-friendly initiatives .808 

Expand messaging around zero waste and recycling and promote the same in the community 

sectors 
.720 

Encourage staff carpooling, choose public transport preferably e-jeeps, and use of bicycle in 

congested and heavy traffic areas  
.852 

Establish secure video/web Group conferencing capability in all major facilities to reduce 

travel 
.760 

Establish a green policing network among stakeholders and the community to enhance 

knowledge-sharing and promote environmental leadership 
.672 

Use of fleet card for monthly fuel consumption to control fuel and maintenance expenses .693 

Require external stakeholders to submit documents electronically and accept no paper copies .599 

Indicators Value Dimension 

Implement Intensified Cleanliness Policy in the station and police-community outpost .730  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sustainable 

Operations  

Continue to support the DENR National Greening Program and environmental awareness 

campaigns like afforestation, planting of trees, and gardening, and adopt a forest program 
.743 

Implement paper use reductions (paperless) such as records digitization and use of electronic 

approvals for administrative matters 
.730 

Implement bring-your-own-mug and bring-your-own-container programs .689 

Implement a police uniform recycling program .579 

Install on-site composting bins in community gardens .733 

Follow the 3R’s concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) .843 

Upgrade the 3R’s concept to 5R’s (addition of Refuse and Repurpose) .830 

Organize Green Audits and use electricity and water resources judiciously in compliance with 

RA 11285 or the Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) Act  
.772 

Buy and promote the use of reusable paper utensils, water bottles, cloth or cotton mesh bags 

(eco-bag), and other eco-friendly products and ensure single-use items are biodegradable 
.744 

Use of renewable resources like solar panels or solar-generated lamps .620 

Enforce environmental laws by apprehending violators in coordination with the DENR’s law 

enforcers 
.838 

Continues to enhance environmental performance in conformance to ISO 14001:2015 or the 

Environmental Management System (EMS) 
.795 



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performance in conformance to ISO 14001:2015 or the 

Environmental Management System (EMS). 

Sustainable operations underpin the organizational and 

administrative activities that police stations conduct to 

improve the environmental sustainability of their internal 

and external operations. These measures are concentrated 

in incorporating sustainability into everyday routines – 

from fostering sustainable projects like community gardens 

to knowledge-sharing, advocating green policing, and 

enforcing environmental laws (Bovornkijprasert & 

Rawang, 2016; Konyk, 2018). 

Conclusion 

As established by the results and findings of the study, 

Green Behavior and Sustainable Operations are the two (2) 

dimensions yielded through Exploratory Factor Analysis 

utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Green 

behavior entails elevating the importance of sustainability 

and promoting a green culture through the promotion of 

sustainability awareness, employee education on best 

practices, and advocacy for sustainability in everyday 

actions while sustainable operations serve as the 

foundation for the organizational and administrative 

initiatives undertaken by the public safety sectors to 

improve the environmental sustainability of their internal 

and external operations.  

The explored constructs and dimensions of environmental 

sustainability in the context of public safety behooves to 

establish a standard framework of Green Policing as a 

prospect strategy toward sustainability. Through this, 

public safety sectors particularly the law enforcers will be 

urged to prioritize sustainable choices and incorporate 

sustainability into their daily police operations and 

routines. More crucially, public safety sectors may take 

important efforts toward greening their operations by 

raising their awareness and understanding on 

environmental sustainability and making the smartest and 

greenest decision the default option. 

Contribution/Originality 

This research contributes to the breadth of knowledge by 

providing empirical data and results on the explored 

constructs and dimensions of environmental sustainability 

specifically within the bounds of public safety. As an 

outcome of my independent and original work, I duly 

acknowledge all the sources from which the ideas have 

been derived. 

Acknowledgement: None 

Declaration of Conflicting Interest. The author declares 

no conflicts of interest in the development of this research 

work. 

Funding. This research receives no grant from any funding 

agency in the public, private, or not-for-profit sectors. 

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