id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
grbs-12941	Hawkins, Cameron	Spartans and Perioikoi: The Organization and Ideology of the Lakedaimonian Army in the Fourth Century B.C.E.	2011	34	.pdf	application/pdf	12789	395	51	Like the ideology visible in the text of Herod- otus, the ideology expressed here seems to argue that the Spartans were superior soldiers precisely because of the way in which their nomos (instilled by the system of paideia Xenophon describes in detail earlier in the work) enhanced their collective performance when they fought together in an exclusively Spartan phalanx. Cameron Hawkins Spartans and Perioikoi: The Organization and Ideology of the Lakedaimonian Army in the Fourth Century B.C.E. Cameron Hawkins N HIS ACCOUNT of the great battle that took place at Leuktra in 371, Xenophon throws into stark relief one of Sparta’s most persistent problems—the impact on her army of the steady decline over the fifth and early fourth centuries in the number of the homoioi, those Spartan citizens who possessed full political rights (a problem known already to the ancients as oliganthropia).1 According to Xenophon, while the Spartans had deployed four of the six major divisions (morai) of the Lakedai- monian army at Leuktra—a force amounting to something on the order of 2500 men—only 700 of these were homoioi (Hell.	cache/grbs-12941.pdf	txt/grbs-12941.txt