[{"id": "grbs-10001", "words": "1574", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Jones, C. P.", "title": "The Levy at Thespiae under Marcus Aurelius", "date": "1971", "keywords": "aurelius; campaign; inscription; levy; marcus; thespiae", "summary": "The Levy at Thespiae under Marcus Aurelius Jones, C P Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1971; 12, 1; ProQuest pg. 45 The Levy at Thespiae under Marcus Aurelius c. P. Jones A N INSCRIPTION discovered at Thespiae in 1890-91, and not pub\u00ad lished until 1932, refers to a corps of volunteers raised by the .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1001", "words": "8437", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Davies, Rachel Bryant", "title": "Reading Ezekiel\u2019s Exagoge: Tragedy, Sacrificial Ritual, and the Midrashic Tradition", "date": "2008", "keywords": "egypt; exagoge; exodus; ezekiel; form; god; greek; hellenistic; narrative; new; passover; reading; ritual; sacrifice; story; temple; text; tradition; tragedy; tragic; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "E 394 READING EZEKIEL\u2019S EXAGOGE although Ezekiel uses the familiar medium of Greek tragedy, he adapts it to conform to the different mindset of his Hel- lenistic Jewish culture.3 To gain a better understanding of the revitalised significance with which Ezekiel invests his source- text it will be necessary to go beyond debates about how far the Exagoge fits the classical criteria for tragedy and instead adopt a fresh perspective. But 1 Dating, authorship, and provenance are contested, but the consensus is that the Exagoge was written in second-century BCE Alexandria by a Jew named Ezekiel.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10011", "words": "3449", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Demarolle, Jeanne-Marie", "title": "La Chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin du IIIe s. et Porphyre", "date": "1971", "keywords": "aussi; chretiens; contre; dans; des; est; fin; harnack; les; macar; par; pas; porphyre; pour; que; qui; son; sur; une", "summary": "Pour l' auteur du Contre les Chretiens une autre originalite de la societe chretienne de la fin du lIt s. reside dans son encadrement par un derge hierarchise que Celse, lui, un siecle plus tot, ignorait totale\u00ad ment. Certes, Cle\u00ad ment d'Alexandrie applique l'adjectif T'A\u20acLOV au baptemeP mais ceci est encore tres loin de la terminologie de Porphyre.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10021", "words": "2513", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Browne, Gerald M.", "title": "Coptico-Graeca: The Sahidic Version of St Athanasius\u2019 Vita Antonii", "date": "1971", "keywords": "athanasius; coptic; fraenkel; greek; tou; version; vita; word", "summary": "Phrases of this type appear occasionally in classical Greek (see Kuhner-Gerth II p.492.2), but the construction is not confined to Attic. [lowe the reference to the Hermae Pastor to Bentley Layton.] 11 Coptic characteristically uses oratio recta to render Greek oratio obliqua.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10031", "words": "6652", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Daly, Lawrence J.", "title": "Themistius\u2019 Plea for Religious Tolerance", "date": "1971", "keywords": "christian; cult; dindorf; downey; emperor; empire; jovian; julian; law; lord; op.cit; pagan; philosophy; plea; supra; themistius; tolerance", "summary": "A few pages later, however, Stegemann (coI.1672), in arguing that Themistios claimed just as little originality of thought as his great proto\u00ad type Dio Chrysostom, cites in support the testimony ofH. Schenkl (Die handschriftliche Oberlieferung der Reden des Themistius, WS 23 [1901] 17), who spoke of Themistius' poverty of thought. 18 G. Downey, Education and Public Problems as Seen by Themistius, TAPA 86 (1955) 306.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10041", "words": "8695", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Evans, J. A. S.", "title": "Christianity and Paganism in Procopius of Caesarea", "date": "1971", "keywords": "arcana; belisarius; bell; caesarea; christian; christianity; god; historia; history; justinian; men; paganism; procopius; things; time; tvx7j", "summary": "In the His\u00ad toria Arcana Procopius is closest to the doctrine openly professed by his continuator, Agathias, that punishment from God inevitably fol- 18 Evans, Procopius of Caesarea and the Emperor Justinian, in Canadian Historical Assn. J. A. S. BV ANS 87 about what this phenomenon meant, if anything, and Procopius de\u00ad clined to take sides.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10051", "words": "4751", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Smith, Ole Langwitz", "title": "Arsenios and Parisinus Graecus 2070", "date": "1971", "keywords": "32,9; arsenios; edition; franchini; laur; par; paris; ravennas; robortello; savello; scholia; text", "summary": "In this MS the underlining may have been miss\u00ad ing, or Robortello may have overlooked it. Where their read\u00ad ings depart from Par. 2070, Robortello follows the parent MS. 12 In 1542 Asulanus' MSS were bought by G. Pelicier for Francis I.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10061", "words": "9629", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Ackerman, Robert", "title": "Some Letters of the Cambridge Ritualists", "date": "1971", "keywords": "book; cambridge; comedy; cook; cornford; darwin; group; harrison; lecture; letters; miss; murray; ritual; ritualists; spens; stewart; tragedy; work; years", "summary": "Such data have hitherto derived mainly from three sources: obitu\u00ad ary notices in the Proceedings of the British Academy;1 Gilbert Murray, An Unfinished Autobiography (London 1960), which unhappily breaks off before Murray came to know Miss Harrison and the others; and Jessie Stewart'sjane Ellen Harrison: A Portrait from Letters (London 1959 -hereafter Stewart), which is invaluable in that it contains many letters that Miss Harrison wrote to Murray over the quarter century they worked together, but is unreliable in that it is unfortunately filled with errors of fact and typography. A. W. Verrall (1851-1912),\u00b7 although friendly with all the members of the Group (Miss Harrison met Murray at the Verralls), was not at all sympathetic to their archaeological and anthropological approach.5", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10071", "words": "5323", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "West III, William C.", "title": "Saviors of Greece", "date": "1970", "keywords": "athenian; athens; battle; century; epigram; greece; marathon; salamis; sparta; supra; thucydides; war; xerxes", "summary": "The glory of old Athens, not Panhellenism, highlights the passages praising Marathon in Aristophanes.24 In extant literature it makes its first appearance in De Mysteriis 107 and then is regular throughout the fourth century. Saviors of Greece West, William C Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1970; 11, 4; ProQuest pg. 271 Saviors of Greece William C. West III FEW TEXTS have been so problematic as the so-called Marathon epigrams (IG J2 763).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10081", "words": "4803", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Reeve, Michael D.", "title": "Some Interpolations in Sophocles", "date": "1970", "keywords": "interpolations; jebb; line; michael; nauck; reeve; second; sophocles; speech; twv; wunder; yap", "summary": "a' E~ ov yap EIEtcat TfjC J>..7T180C 8t'7jc 7TPOCE8oKWJLEV 7TEtcat aVTOV E7T' ~v cXJLapT{av, is one which fits only the Nurse, provided that the scholiast does not conceive of Phaedra as a character without moral scruples who goes to any length to involve Hippolytus in a love-affair.8 Murray's critical apparatus is misleading on this point and should be corrected.9 In his note on lines 669-79 Barrett maintains that the true ascription given by BA, is implicit also in the scholiast's comment (NBV) on 669-71.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1011", "words": "4648", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Garvey, Tom", "title": "Plato\u2019s Atlantis Story: A Prose Hymn to Athena", "date": "2008", "keywords": "athena; atlantis; critias; gods; greek; hymn; plato; poseidon; religion; story; timaeus", "summary": "In a prose hymnic style, then, Plato, through Critias, sings Athena\u2019s praises. Writing in a post-imperial age, Plato calls for a return to the golden age in which ancient Athens, the embodi- ment of his own Republic, was preeminent for the right reason.28 What is more, with phronesis lying fallow in the land itself, waiting to be employed once more, this return is in fact ripe for the harvesting; unlike other gods (like Poseidon), Athena has provided her people with a unique advantage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10111", "words": "5820", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Tracy, Stephen V.", "title": "Identifying Epigraphical Hands", "date": "1970", "keywords": "agora; archon; hesperia; inscriptions; lettering; letters; mason; strokes; study; tracy", "summary": "26 Modern Attic masons rarely cut texts longer than one hundred letters and do not cut letters smaller than 0\u00b7015 m. Requested to cut letters similar to those on a squeeze of IG lIZ 1028 (0\u00b7008 m.), Mr Mastores demurred, saying that he could not and had never had the occasion to cut such small letters. Peculiarities of individual letters (PLATES 25 and 26, figs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10121", "words": "1053", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Arrian and the Gellii of Corinth", "date": "1970", "keywords": "arrian; corinth; gellius; oliver", "summary": "As the editors point out, L. Gellius Justus filiUS in line 7 is the son of L. Gellius Justus Menandri filius in lines 5 and 6. 6* 335 336 ARRIAN AND THE GELLII OF CORINTH A second case occurs in Corinth Vill.3.124, in which G. W. Bower\u00ad sock, GRBS 8 (1967) 279-80, recognized a new inscription in honor of Arrian. Arrian and the Gellii of Corinth Oliver, James H Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1970; 11, 4; ProQuest pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10131", "words": "5261", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Cameron, Alan", "title": "Michael Psellus and the Date of the Palatine Anthology", "date": "1970", "keywords": "anthology; aubreton; century; collection; cougny; date; palatine; psellus; riddles; vii; xiv", "summary": "Of all the riddles and puzzles assembled in AP XIV, only one has a really plau\u00ad sible looking ascription: 63, to Mesomedes. Even if he did write elegiacs occasionally, I doubt whether he would have been capable of AP XIV 5, 35 or 58.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10141", "words": "3719", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "Aeschylus\u2019 Philoctetes", "date": "1970", "keywords": "aeschylean; aeschylus; der; dio; n.12; n.2; odysseus; op.cit; philoctetes; play; supra; von; wilamowitz", "summary": "30 See H. Weir Smyth, Aeschylus II (LCL, Cambridge [Mass.] and London 1957) 465: Odysseus had been put to death by reason of some shameful crime. Euripides and Sophocles retained from Aeschylus: the time and place for the action, Odysseus, his disguise or conceal\u00ad ment, Philoctetes' recital of his woes, the theft or capture of the bow during or because of a paroxysm, and the voyage to Troy that ended the action.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10151", "words": "1553", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Marcovich, Miroslav", "title": "Bacchylides\u2019 Ode 7 Again", "date": "1970", "keywords": "bacchylides; chronos; hecate; hemera; ode", "summary": "Dr Pieper suggests (pp.233-34) that Chronos as father for Hecate in Bacchylides fr.lB is easily understood by its connexion with Chronos mentioned in Ode 7. 10 J. E. Harrison, Ode VII in Notes on Bacchylides, CR 12 (IS9S) 140-41.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10161", "words": "5628", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Fornara, Charles W.", "title": "The Date of the Callias Decrees", "date": "1970", "keywords": "acropolis; athena; athenians; date; decision; decree; gods; talents; treasures; war", "summary": "But since that conviction derives from negative arguments against the claims of other years, we come full circle. Other arguments might be adduced in support of the contention made here, but they are more circumstantial and should not be necessary.19", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10171", "words": "9296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Frel, Jir\u00ed; Kingsley, Bonnie M.", "title": "Three Attic Sculpture Workshops of the Early Fourth Century B.C.", "date": "1970", "keywords": "athens; base; conze; courtesy; detail; dexileos; dohrn; drapery; frel; hand; head; kingsley; museum; nos; photograph; relief; saa; sculptor; sculpture; stele", "summary": "Votive relief: victorious horse crowned by Nike; Acropolis 4688, Conze 17 (10.2) and Athens 2970, Svoronos 195; both together: Walter 244. Votive relief: banquet; Athens 1501; Svoronos 83, Hausmann 30.15;", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10181", "words": "5646", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Renehan, Robert F.", "title": "The Platonism of Lycurgus", "date": "1970", "keywords": "contra; death; der; die; jaeger; kat; laws; leocratem; lycurgus; man; penalty; plato; tov; twv; tyrtaeus", "summary": "\u20aciTE O~ fJ-7]OEfJ-La aic87]cLc ECTtV \u2022\u2022\u2022 (40c) and Ta TE ytxp aAAa EvoaLfJ-0VECT\u20acPO{ ElcLV C A - '8 ' ~ /~ \\ \\ , , '8 ' , O\u00a3 EKEL TWV EV ao\u20ac, Ka\u00a3 7]07] TOV I\\OLTTOV XPOVOV a avaTO\u00a3 ELCLV, ELTT\u20acP yE Ta AEyofJ-Eva eXA7]8ij (41c). I f ~ f I~ \\ ~ \\ \\ a7TaCTJC TTJC /\\/\\aooe", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10191", "words": "8915", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Fortenbaugh, William W.", "title": "On the Antecedents of Aristotle\u2019s Bipartite Psychology", "date": "1970", "keywords": "anima; aristotle; bipartite; bipartition; deliberation; dichotomy; emotion; means; medea; psychology; reflection; response; soul", "summary": "Just as Medea engaged in reflections concerning her response to Jason's betrayal but was not able to control her response, so for Aristotle women are able to reflect and in general to deliberate (they possess TO {JOVA\u20acVTLKOV) but are unable to guide their emotions by reasoned reflection. 233 On the Antecedents of Aristotle's Bipartite Psychology William W. F ortenbaugh THIS ESSAY is concerned with the antecedents of Aristotle's bipartite or moral psychology.1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10201", "words": "2973", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Nikainetos and Oikous", "date": "1970", "keywords": "aphrodite; byblis; island; kaunos; line; miletos; nikainetos; parthenios", "summary": "7TaLOl.3 Byblis sister of Kaunos is likened to a juniper or cedar (apK\u20acVOOLCL, line 4); Nikainetos evidently had an eye for trees: com\u00ad pare Kat AVyoc, apxaLwv Nikainetos assumed that Byblis was innocent, but in most versions of the story, Parthenios notes, she declared her passion to Kaunos, who, horrified, departed--oi O\u20ac 7TA\u20aclovc .\u2022\u2022 rpaclv.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1021", "words": "16292", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kazak\u00e9vich, Emily Grace; Kamen, Deborah", "title": "Were the \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u1f76\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 Slaves?", "date": "2008", "keywords": "apophora; athenian; athens; category; ch\u00f4ris; definition; dem; demosthenes; dwellers; emily; freedmen; grace; greek; group; harpocration; kazak\u00e9vich; law; master; meaning; oikountes; owner; property; slaves; status; term; texts; westermann; \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 slaves; \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u1f76\u03c2", "summary": "Slaves who lived apart from their owner were as likely to be called either douloi or oiketai \u2014or andrapoda for that matter\u2014as were slaves who lived under his roof, just as a house was an oikia whether or not its owner had let it. Croix in \u201cSlavery: Review of W. L. Westermann\u2019s The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity,\u201d CR 7 (1957) 55f., though without reference to the term andrapodon, on which general term for \u201cslave\u201d see Kazak\u00e9vich, \u201cSlaves as a Form of Wealth\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10211", "words": "3559", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Zetzel, James E. G.", "title": "New Light on Gaius Caesar\u2019s Eastern Campaign", "date": "1970", "keywords": "a.d; artagira; augustus; b.c; campaign; date; gaius; inscription; kat; orlandos; scipio", "summary": "Whereas Publius Cornelius Scipio, quaestor pro praetore, being endowed with unsurpassed goodwill towards Augustus and his whole house, having made one very great and highly honorific vow, to preserve him (Augustus) safe for all time, as is shown by his deeds on every occasion, has performed the Caesarea without falling short at all in respect to cost or dis\u00ad play or gratitude to the gods for the sacrifices to Augustus, and at the same time causing most of the cities in the province to do the same with him; and later learning that Gaius the son of Augustus, who was fighting against the bar\u00ad barians for the safety of all mankind, was well and had avenged himself upon the barbarians, having escaped dan\u00ad gers, (Scipio) being overjoyed at such good news directed everyone to wear crowns and to sacrifice, being untroubled and undisturbed, and he himself sacrificed an ox for Gaius' safety, and was lavish in varied spectacles, so that what took place then rivalled what had come before, but the solemnity remained balanced; and he made a great effort, in leaving two days off of the days of Caesar's festival, to begin the sacri\u00ad fices for Gaius on the day on which he (Gaius) was first desig\u00ad nated consul; and he instructed us to observe this day annually with sacrifices and crown-wearing as joyously and ... as possible; therefore, the council approved on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of ... JAMES E. G. ZETZEL 261 It was therefore Gaius who reached Syria in 1 B.C. with proconsular imperium over the eastern provinces.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10221", "words": "5166", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Schein, Seth L.", "title": "Odysseus and Polyphemus in the Odyssey", "date": "1970", "keywords": "book; cyclops; giant; homer; odysseus; odyssey; olive; op.cit; page; polyphemus; story; supra; tale", "summary": "The contrast between Polyphemus' primitiveness and Odysseus technological skill is obvious. Although Page does say (p.14) that the entire story of Polyphemus is most carefully constructed and most firmly settled in its place among the adventures of Odysseus, his analysis is independent of the rest of the Odyssey.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10231", "words": "7401", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Frischer, Bernard D.", "title": "Concordia discors and Characterization in Euripides\u2019 Hippolytos", "date": "1970", "keywords": "aphrodite; artemis; characters; concordia; euripides; frame; gods; hippolytos; human; lines; op.cit; phaidra; play; supra", "summary": "For Hippolytos death is a \u00absavior (1373); for Phaidra the \u00abco-worker she sought in verse 676. And just as in lines 88ff Hippolytos has unknowingly condemned himself, so Phaidra's words about false cWcPpocuVYJ will be used to condemn her in lines 661-68.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10241", "words": "3164", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Segal, Charles", "title": "The Order of Lines in Hippolytus 1452-56", "date": "1970", "keywords": "barrett; euripides; hippolytus; lines; order; supra; theseus; wilamowitz", "summary": "1457 Ill. Wilamowitz transposed 1454 and 1453 after 1455, giving the order 1452-5-4-3-6.1 His reasons were (1) the ease of connection between YEVVatOC and YV1}CLOC, (2) the naturalness of having Hippolytus' farewell of 1453 immediately precede Theseus' plea to Hippolytus not to die (1456), and (3) the difficulty, in the Ms. order, of having Theseus greet Hippolytus' announcement of his death with apparent approval (1454) and then of seeming to have Hippolytus revive in 1455 after the praise of 1454: In tradito ordine cum alia absurda sint, tum Hippo\u00ad lyto mortem sibi instare significanti plaudit pater, filius ita laudatus paullulum reviviscit. Theseus recognizes in 1452 the greatness of his son, so nobly reflected in Hippolytus' final gesture of pardon (1449, 1451).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10251", "words": "8457", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Rawson, Elizabeth", "title": "Family and Fatherland in Euripides\u2019 Phoenissae", "date": "1970", "keywords": "antigone; city; country; creon; eteocles; euripides; family; fatherland; jocasta; land; menoeceus; mother; oedipus; play; polyneices; son; thebes", "summary": "But while it is obviously true that any play based on a story like the one before us must inevitably make many references to the family, yet the per\u00ad petual stress on family relationships, family duties, family feelings in Euripides' language here has not been brought out in detail, or in its counterpoint to relationships, duties and feelings to one's country. The brief dialogue between Jocasta and Antigone is done in terms of family relationships: my child ... (1264), your brothers ... (1267), with your mother ... (1269), mother who bore me ... (1270), then twice more the vocative of daughter (1272, 1280), twice that of mother (1274, 1288), with two more references to Antigone's brothers (1272, 1277), and Jocasta's declaration that she will die if she cannot save her sons.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10261", "words": "4293", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Feinberg, Lawrence", "title": "The Tetrax in Athenaeus", "date": "1970", "keywords": "athenaeus; bird; black; cock; fowl; grouse; guinea; purple; supra; tetrax; thompson; wattles", "summary": "11 Nearly fifty quotations from Aristotle's zoological works make it unlikely that Athenaeus was unaware of Aristotle's repeated statement that birds do not have W-r(l, only auditory passages. For the most complete collec\u00ad tion of illustrations of European birds see J. Gould, The Birds of Europe (London 1832-37): see vol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10271", "words": "648", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Rescript of Gordian III to Aurelius Epaphras", "date": "1970", "keywords": "gordian; iii", "summary": "Rescript of Gordian III to Aurelius Epaphras Oliver, James H Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1970; 11, 2; ProQuest pg. 137 Rescript of Gordian III to Aurelius Epaphras James H. Oliver K ENAN T. Erim and Joyce Reynolds, A Letter of Gordian III from Aphrodisias in Caria, JRS 69 (1969) 56-58 with photo\u00ad graphs, publish a new imperial letter. Though the epistle occupied an entire block, other documents of the same dossier may have preceded it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10281", "words": "12819", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "Three Unpublished Letters of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff", "date": "1970", "keywords": "aber; aeschylus; aischylos; als; auch; auf; aus; berlin; bonn; bormann; calder; das; dem; den; der; des; die; dissertation; doch; eben; ein; eine; erinnerungen2; euripides; haben; hat; hermann; ich; iii; ist; jahn; leipzig; letters; life; mich; mir; mit; nicht; noch; nur; oder; read; sein; sich; sie; sophokles; supra; tiber; und; von; von wilamowitz; war; wenn; wie; wilamowitz; william; wird; wol; work; years", "summary": "WILLIAM M. CALDER III 157 erwarten, das die darstellung im hinblick auf die dortigen verhaltnisse ein gerichtet, und es ist wol auch keine zu kiine vermutung, das die geschazte darstellerin, der Sie ir kind zur pflege", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10301", "words": "5304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Beck, Curt W.; Fellows, Constance A.; Adams, Audrey B.", "title": "Analysis and Provenience of Minoan and Mycenaean Amber, III. Kakovatos", "date": "1970", "keywords": "amber; baltic; beads; figure; kakovatos; mycenaean; op.cit; spacers; spectra; supra; tholos", "summary": "In English they are sometimes called 'spacer beads', but that term should be reserved for the small cylinder discs which are sometimes found separating 10 Miiller. By computer classification, ten of the eleven spectra were identified as those of Baltic amber; the exception, spectrum 1553 of sample 11, differs only minutely from the others but fails to meet the stringent computer test.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1031", "words": "11605", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Zuiderhoek, Arjan", "title": "On the Political Sociology of the Imperial Greek City", "date": "2008", "keywords": "assemblies; assembly; associations; cities; city; civic; collegia; demos; dio; east; elite; empire; evidence; greek; imperial; nijf; people; period; politics; roman; van; world", "summary": "In numerous instances, we find civic assemblies deeply involved in negotiat- ing the details of benefactions and liturgies promised by elite individuals, and passing formal decrees to confirm the agree- ments reached.8 I argue in this paper that the evidence for Greek civic politics in the Roman Empire presents a complex and at times contra- dictory picture, with the sources pointing to a strong element of oligarchy as well as to a continuing tradition of popular politics, against a background of a growing social and political hierar- chisation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10311", "words": "1680", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Robertson, Martin", "title": "Laomedon\u2019s Corpse, Laomedon\u2019s Tomb", "date": "1970", "keywords": "corpse; gate; laomedon; s.v; supra; tomb; troy", "summary": "They refer also to a Trojan Laomedon mentioned by Quintus Smyrnaeus (2.293). He can cite Apollodorusll for a son of Herakles by that name; but in a picture of Troy, surely such a famous Trojan name could be given only to a Trojan, and there was only one famous Trojan Laomedon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10321", "words": "2889", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Thompson, Wesley E.", "title": "The Kinship of Perikles and Alkibiades", "date": "1970", "keywords": "alkibiades; diodoros; megakles; perikles; son; uncle", "summary": "The Kinship of Perikles and Alkibiades Thompson, Wesley E Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1970; 11, 1; ProQuest pg. 27 The Kinship of Perikles and Alkibiades Wesley E. Thompson N EPOS SAYS that Alkibiades was Perikles' stepson (privignus) , but according to Diodoros they were uncle (()eioc) and nephew (&8eArpt8ovc).1 Since our other evidence seems to indicate that neither statement is correct, these testimonia are generally simply ignored. To refute Diodoros it will be convenient to set forth the family tree of Alkibiades, from which it will be seen that Perikles could not be the brother of his father, Kleinias, or of his mother, Deinomache.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10331", "words": "2969", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Mosley, D. J.", "title": "The Size of Athenian Embassies Again", "date": "1970", "keywords": "athenian; embassies; embassy; envoys; men; sparta", "summary": "Of other known embassies of ten men, the delegations to Sparta in 445 (And. 3.6), 421 (Diod.Sic. 12.75.4), 405/4 (Xen. He is not inclined, however, to accept that Athenian customs in determining the size of embassies were inconsistent, and suggests that the greater the confidence in the envoys and the proposer of the embassy, the smaller the size of the embassy was.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10341", "words": "1854", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Arnott, D. Geoffrey", "title": "Studies in Comedy, II: Toothless Wine", "date": "1970", "keywords": "alexis; comedy; greek; phrase; toothless; wine", "summary": "She wittily selects for the description of her wine a series of ambiguous terms that can be applied both to wine and to aged human beings without excessive violence to contemporary idiom. The adjectives ~8vc and cCl.1Tp6c suit wine and wight with equal appropriateness, although CCl.1TpOC was doubtless a vulgarism when applied to people.6 The noun Y'pwvof course properly belongs to the human sphere, but from the time of Homer (Od. 22.184, Y'pov CtXKOC) poets employed and declined it adjec\u00ad tivally, and applied it in the general sense of .ov p.tu(}ov 'TO ?TPW'TOV \u20ac?Tap\u00ad (NV7'\u00a3s \u2022\u2022\u2022 ; the latter clearly rowed in Athenian ships, and perhaps allied ships also, if.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10461", "words": "4021", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Renehan, Robert F.", "title": "Conscious Ambiguities in Pindar and Bacchylides", "date": "1969", "keywords": "ambiguities; bacchylides; farnell; oaaos; passage; pindar; poet; sense; word", "summary": "N certain passages of Pindar and Bacchylides, the recognition of the literary device of conscious ambiguity can serve to clarify the poet's meaning. PINDAR, Olympian 8.23-25, 70-71: e \\ \\' \\ ,,\\_~, . . .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10471", "words": "2445", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Pieper, Gail W.", "title": "The Prooemium of Bacchylides\u2019 Ode 7", "date": "1969", "keywords": "bacchylides; goddess; nemesis; ode; selene; theog", "summary": "229 The Prooemium of Bacchylides' Ode 7 Gail W. Pieper THE Seventh Odel of Bacchylides was composed in honor of Lachon of Ceos, winner of the boys' foot-race at Olympia in 452 B.C.2 Due to the severe mutilation of col. 13, critical analysis has been limited for the most part to textual and metrical studies.3 With the help of several fragments and a few letters from the margin of col. 14, however, Blass has been able to reconstruct much of the text of lines 3-11.4 Consequently, it is possible to study more closely the train of Bacchylides' poetic thought. (supra n.8) 404. 10 See Jacob Stern, Bestial Imagery in Bacchylides' Ode 11, GRBS 6 (1965) 282: his de\u00ad light is in a literal association, a pun or conceit ... 11 Cited by Snell, p.25, n. on line 14.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10481", "words": "2156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Nikias, Crete and the Plague", "date": "1969", "keywords": "apollo; crete; delphi; nikias; oracles; plague; thucydides", "summary": "The previous silence of Thucydides should not be taken to imply, however, that before 427 B.C. Nikias had not come to the fore in Athenian public life; it may mean only that hitherto Nikias had done nothing that was, in the opinion of Thucydides, worthy of com\u00ad ment. 3 Griechische Geschichte 112 (Gotha 1895) 212-13 n. GEORGE HUXLEY 237 plague, because (a) Nikias was notoriously superstitious, (b) the Spar\u00ad tans had lately renewed the claim that the Kylonian curse was still effective, (c) there was plague in Nikias' time, and Cd) Thucydides mentions ritual to counter the plague.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10491", "words": "6648", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Rodgers, V. A.", "title": "\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 and the Expression of Conscience", "date": "1969", "keywords": "actions; awareness; conscience; culpability; expression; fear; guilt; kat; meaning; orestes; passage; reference; sense; use; word", "summary": "I '''' t. ' ' \\ 'r () ' \\ \u2022 ~ ' I 7T1\\\u20acOVOe; OVO\u20acV \u20acUTL asLOV avopt CTVvaywVt!:o\u20acU at, JL7JO\u20acV aVT

J.TjvtupoDv I (Thessaloniki 1961). Many dis\u00ad tinctive features of modern Greek nationalism, so Vacalopoulos maintains, can never be wholly discerned, let alone described, without initial reference to their origins in late Byzantine (Palaeologian) times.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10661", "words": "1910", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Stanley, Keith", "title": "An Archaic Cypriote Amphora at Duke University", "date": "1968", "keywords": "amphora; duke; lotus; neck; shoulder", "summary": "Cypriote amphora (PLATES 2-5), formerly in the collec\u00ad tion of Captain E. G. Spencer-Churchill, M.e., was acquired in 1965 for the Duke Classical Collection.1 Its monumental size and complexity of decoration make it a notable addition to a type of Cypriote pottery little represented in the published literature. Two slight depressions appear on side B below the handle zone to right and left, probably resulting from an overcrowded kiln or to handling prior to firing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10671", "words": "489", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "84", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Notes on the Inscription at Teos in Honor of Antiochus III", "date": "1968", "keywords": "block; kat; line", "summary": "On Block II, p.37 lines 27-28, where Herrmann notes the absence of a verb in the space for four letters at the end of line 26 and three letters at the beginning of line 27, the infinitive is probably TTavIEtV, which fits the sense. Haplography occurs frequently, e.g. Block I, line 33 (\u20ac7T7}ylAaTo) , Block n, line 20 (uv(.LOptwv) and line 24 (aAovs-), whereas it is hard to explain in any other way the intrusion of the epsilon of EKOYI:LIN.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10681", "words": "11961", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Cameron, Alan", "title": "The Garlands of Meleager and Philip", "date": "1968", "keywords": "agathias; books; cephalas; epitymbia; garland; gow; group; letter; meleager; meleagrian; op.cit; order; original; page; philip; poems; sequences; supra; word", "summary": "In the second Philipp an sequence in the same book we find at 6.230 (aKp\u20actTf{-) an\u00ad other poem by Maecius: another dedication of a shell by a fisherman, this time to Apollo. 230, in turn, is linked to 231 (Philip) by the fact that both are dedications by a fisherman called Damis. First, poems by the more prolific poets recur in a sort of rhythmical alternation, with the work of lesser figures distributed evenly be\u00ad tween.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10701", "words": "1373", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Phillips, E. D.", "title": "Saneunos the Scythian", "date": "1968", "keywords": "iron; saneunos; scythian; weapons", "summary": "Aeschylus3 calls iron weapons Scythian and calls the Caucasus 'mother of iron', Hesiod4 mentions a Scythian Delas as the discoverer of copper. Saneunos the Scythian Phillips, E D Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1968; 9, 4; ProQuest pg. 385 Saneunos the Scythian E. D. Phillips A MONG INVENTORS of various arts mentioned in a summary of historical information preserved in POxy. 1241 is Saneunos, a Scythian king who is credited by Hellanikos with the inven\u00ad tion of iron weapons.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1071", "words": "3941", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Nigdelis, Pantelis; Lioutas, Asterios", "title": "\u201cFirst of the Hellenes in the Province\u201d: A New Inscription from Mygdonia", "date": "2009", "keywords": "asia; greek; hellenes; inscriptions; koinon; nigdelis; province; thessaloniki; title; word; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd; \u1f11\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd", "summary": "New inscriptions may provide an answer to the question. In Macedonia, stewards (\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u1f77) and overseers (\u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf- \u03bd\u1f79\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9) are attested as a rule in inscriptions in lowland districts, such as Philippi, Langada, Thessaloniki, Pella, Pydna, Heraclea 7 Characteristic letters are the rhomboid omicron and the three-stroke sigma, the alpha and the delta with an upward slant of the right-hand serif, and the squared upsilon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10711", "words": "9701", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "Sophokles\u2019 Political Tragedy, Antigone", "date": "1968", "keywords": "antigone; audience; burial; calder; cambridge; die; government; haimon; iii; ismene; jebb; knox; kreon; op.cit; play; question; scene; sophokles; state; supra; time; tragedy; wilamowitz", "summary": "Thus most harmfully: R. C. Jebb, Sophocles: The Plays and Fragments, Part III: The Antigone, ed.3 (Cambridge 1900) 7 (henceforth: Jebb, Antigone) and Schneidewin-Nauck\u00ad Bruhn, Sophokles Antigone, ed. l1 (Berlin 1913) 48 (zu unserer Oberraschung !). This elderly and pernicious view grew from a misinterpreta\u00ad tion of Demosthenes 19.246-7.9 It is not tenable, nor is the short-lived compromise that Kreon was deuteragonist.1o Kreon was protagonist, and his rOle was played by the leading actor of the trilogy.ll If Antigone 5 Yet March 442 is the generally accepted modem dating: see Ernst-Richard Schwinge, Die Stellung der Trachinierinnen", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10721", "words": "5554", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Gredley, B.", "title": "Is Orestes 1503-36 an Interpolation?", "date": "1968", "keywords": "benedetto; biehl; euripides; helen; menelaus; orestes; page; phrygian; scene; verses", "summary": "Basel 1894); D. L. Page, Actors' Interpolations in Greek Tragedy (Oxford 1934) 45-48; W. Biehl, Text\u00ad probleme in Euripides Orestes (Gottingen 1955) 84-85; id., ed. 10 Similarly unanswerable is di Benedetto's statement (ed. ad 1550), Ma si tratta di cose che avverte illettore moderno, non 10 spettatore antico, il quale dopo il dialogo tra Oreste e il Frigio non poteva non aspettarsi l'arrivo di Menelao.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10731", "words": "7129", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Knox, Bernard M. W.", "title": "Silent Reading in Antiquity", "date": "1968", "keywords": "aloud; antiquity; aut; balogh; bernard; case; evidence; fact; horace; letter; lucian; man; nasica; passage; reading; second", "summary": "Though he finds that for the Roman period Balogh has brought forward convincing evidence for reading aloud, he has himself pro\u00ad duced evidence for silent reading in fifth and fourth century Greece, on which see below. Balogh, who offers no explanation when he first quotes the passage, does so much later (p.22S) in his discussion of the psychology of ancient reading.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10741", "words": "6139", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Henrichs, Albert", "title": "Philosophy, the Handmaiden of Theology", "date": "1968", "keywords": "didymus; disciplines; greek; hagar; handmaiden; interpretation; passage; philo; philosophy; sarah; theology; virtue; wife; wisdom", "summary": "Allegorical interpretation was not at all restricted to the Bible. The earliest evidence for allegorical interpretation of the Iliad dates from the sixth century B.C., whereas the works of philo provide the first extensive example of similar methods applied to the Septuagint.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10751", "words": "2092", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Wilson, Nigel G.", "title": "The Composition of Photius\u2019 Bibliotheca", "date": "1968", "keywords": "bibliotheca; books; composition; letter; memory; photius", "summary": "To say books read when you were not present is an oblique but appropriate way of describing Photius' private reading, given that Tarasius was a mem\u00ad ber of the club and the addressee of the letter. We know nothing of supply and demand in the book trade at this time, but we can easily imagine that the demand for books occasionally outran the capacity of high-class calligraphers (or indeed the supply of parchment, though Photius does not seem to be referring to that difficulty).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10761", "words": "1265", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Daly, Lloyd W.", "title": "Hesiod and Theocritus in the Text of Papias", "date": "1968", "keywords": "edition; greek; hesiod; mombrizio; papias; theocritus", "summary": "Hesiod and Theocritus in the Text of Papias Daly, I Loyd W Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1968; 9, 4; ProQuest pg. 457 Hesiod and Theocritus in the Text of Papias Lloyd W. Daly THE EARLIEST MA1~USCRIPTS in which Hesiod's Theogony is preserved are of the thirteenth century.1 It therefore struck me as of some possible interest that Theogony 907-11, as well as the first two lines of Works and Days, are quoted in Greek in the first edition (Milan 1476) and in subsequent editions (e.g. Venice 1496) of the Elementarium Doctrinae Erudimentum of Papias, a work which was completed in or shortly after the year 1053. The ghost of Greek manuscripts in twelfth century Lombardy and of a Papias who could read Greek poetry is laid to rest.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10781", "words": "4821", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Cameron, H. D.", "title": "\u2018Epigoni\u2019 and the Law of Inheritance in Aeschylus\u2019 Septem", "date": "1968", "keywords": "city; division; end; epigoni; eteocles; inheritance; land; play; polyneices; septem; son; supra; system", "summary": "The fact that Plato uses a term which ought to mean 'younger son' would argue for the fact that \u00a37TtyOVOS was the traditional legal term for non-inheriting status under the early system of primogeniture. For earlier centuries there is no explicit evidence, but we must conclude that the system of equal division was impossible in early Greece because of the nature of land tenure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10791", "words": "3214", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Scott, William C.", "title": "The Mesode at Persae 93-100", "date": "1968", "keywords": "army; broadhead; chorus; god; line; mesode; persian", "summary": "The plain meaning of the two opening ques\u00ad tions (93-96) and the OUK \u00a3UTLY (100) is that no mortal can escape the snares of god. Mesode: They state that there is no mortal who can escape the hand of god.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10801", "words": "10386", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Naoumides, Mark", "title": "New Fragments of Ancient Greek Poetry", "date": "1968", "keywords": "entry; etym.gud; form; fragments; glosses; greek; hesychius; kat; lexicon; meaning; poetry; reference; sophocles; source; suda; word", "summary": "Soph. p.695-6: cP 0 LV L g. TWV 7ToMd: of}Aovawv ~ \\ 't. \\ \\ \\ ~ I ~ n;. This Ms (which I call Z), Codex Matritensis Bib!.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1081", "words": "10475", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "O'Sullivan, Lara", "title": "History from Comic Hypotheses: Stratocles, Lachares, and P.Oxy. 1235", "date": "2009", "keywords": "302/1; aristophanes; athenian; athens; cleon; comedy; demetrius; dionysia; history; hypotheses; ii2; lachares; lines; menander; p.oxy; philippides; play; poet; poliorcetes; stratocles", "summary": "Traces of antagonism between other unnamed comic poets and Stratocles\u2019 political master, Demetrius Poliorcetes, suggest however that we need not con- fine our thinking to Philippides alone. The need for caution is underlined still further by Stephen Halliwell\u2019s work on the question of political and legal censor- ship of Athenian comedy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10811", "words": "7743", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Seeck, Gustav A.", "title": "Euripides, Medea 1059-68: a Problem of Interpretation", "date": "1968", "keywords": "children; death; euripides; interpretation; lines; meaning; medea; plan; problem; scene; solution", "summary": "Pohlenz passes from B (step 3) to A (life in Corinth); but then, he thinks, Medea realizes that A actually means B' (death in Corinth). He adds, therefore, that the step from A' to B is so conclusive that Medea cannot return to A'.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10821", "words": "4544", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "On Fragments of Three Historians", "date": "1968", "keywords": "antiochos; b.c; decree; fgrhist; herodotos; kleidemos; plutarch; source; text; themistokles; xenophanes", "summary": "So, I submit, the earliest and the most popular of the Attic-born Atthidographers, relying on his authority as Exegetes, produced the needed document, the 'Themisto\u00ad kles decree'. Writing at this very time Theopompos of Chi os accused the Athenians of deluding the Greeks with exaggerated historical claims and with forged decrees.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10831", "words": "6082", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Segal, Charles", "title": "The Embassy and the Duals of Iliad 9.182-98", "date": "1968", "keywords": "achilles; agamemnon; boll; book; der; duals; embassy; heralds; homer; iliad; lines; odysseus; official; phoenix; supra", "summary": "By recalling at the outset of the embassy (182ff) that initial insult, Homer predisposes the entire embassy-scene (which is, after all, our first view of Achilles in action since Book 1) in Achilles' favor and makes his hero's refusal of Agamemnon's offer more plausible. The duals of 197-98, I suggest, are Homer's way of handling this tension at the decisive point where Achilles has actually to address the envoys.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10841", "words": "3035", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Bertman, Stephen", "title": "Structural Symmetry at the End of the Odyssey", "date": "1968", "keywords": "book; odysseus; odyssey; penelope; poem", "summary": "Laertes tells Odysseus of his fear concerning the Ithacans; Odysseus com\u00ad forts him and urges that they go to the farmhouse (349-360) (1) Odysseus and Laertes come to the farmhouse (361-362) (3) [Athena bids Odysseus cease (541-544)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10851", "words": "6640", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Lloyd-Jones, Hugh", "title": "The Cologne Fragment of Alcaeus", "date": "1968", "keywords": "ajax; alcaeus; athene; cassandra; form; fragment; jones; lloyd; lobel; merkelbach; oxford; page; poxy; sappho; sense; verb; word", "summary": "\u20ac'Xwv POxy. 17 ES vavov (e.g.) Page, Kassel 18 ~wr\u20acaJat vel av8p\u20aca]at Merkelbach: 9varot]at vel fJporot] at Page 19 8\u20acwora]ra Merkelbach: 1TtKpora]ra vel alvora]ra Page, S&A pp.283-84; p.aKapwv om. I have little to contribute in the way of new readings, and owe much of the material here presented to Merkel\u00ad bach's publication and to the commentary on a fragment of the same poem given by Page in Sappho and Alcaeus;2 readers will find it useful to have Merkelbach's publication in hand while studying this article.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10861", "words": "7107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Eddy, Samuel K.", "title": "Athens\u2019 Peacetime Navy in the Age of Perikles", "date": "1968", "keywords": "athenian; athens; cost; fleet; gomme; navy; new; number; perikles; ships; talents; thuc; year", "summary": "Perhaps, however, before the Samian War the Athenians had fewer than 300 ships, and, as a result of the loss of the services of the Samian fleet in 439, the number of new ships built was increased from H. A. Thompson, A Golden Nike from the Athenian Agora, in Athenian Studies presenud to William Scott Ferguson (HSCP Suppl. But we can still estimate the expense of new ships within limits: if the state paid one talent for each of ten ships, it was 10 talents; if two talents for fifteen, 30 talents.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10871", "words": "1716", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Mosley, D. J.", "title": "Leon and Timagoras: Co-envoys for Four Years?", "date": "1968", "keywords": "leon; persia; timagoras; years", "summary": "If the comment of Demosthenes is a gross exaggeration, that would in any case cause no surprise, but embassies to Persia especially lent themselves to such exaggeration or assertions of scandal. In 408/7 Athenian envoys to Persia were ordered by Cyrus to be detained for three years,28 and Strabo (18.1.19) tells us that the Persians had a reputation for leading embassies around in circles.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10881", "words": "3244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Arnott, W. Geoffrey", "title": "Studies in Comedy, I: Alexis and the Parasite\u2019s Name", "date": "1968", "keywords": "alexis; araros; athenaeus; century; comedy; kock; parasite; supra; use; word", "summary": "Athenaeus (6.236E) quotes from Eupolis' Kolakes, produced in 421 B.C., a fragment of the parabasis (fr.159 Kock) in which the chorus describe their ways; and their ways are typical of comic parasites of all periods. 61ff (on the Phormio type of parasite; with a postscript in CW22", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10891", "words": "6239", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ludwig, Walther", "title": "The Originality of Terence and his Greek Models", "date": "1968", "keywords": "die; greek; menander; models; n.3; new; op.cit; originality; play; roman; scene; stage; supra; terence; terenz; und", "summary": "When Terence omits the name of an Athenian suburb and instead writes in his regionibus, it is certainly paying too much honor to this modification to see in such an avoidance of a reference too specifically Greek a search for the universal.13 Naturally Terence left out Greek place-names and customs which meant nothing to his public, as far as he could do so without harm to the intelligibility of the action. If one observes this compromising tendency of Terence, one is in no danger of accepting the widespread idea that he is responsible for a fundamental humanizing and deepening of his models and that his use of contaminatio was guided by a humane aesthetic ideal.10 Further consideration of the way in which Terence combined parts of a second Greek play with his primary model may save us from another error.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10901", "words": "3541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Cummings, John T.", "title": "Lexical Notes on St Gregory Nazianzen", "date": "1968", "keywords": "cummings; gregory; kat; lampe; manuscripts; meaning; passage; reading; word", "summary": "XpLUTtfJ-L1TOpO~ 1756 \\ A.. \\ c;> \\ \\ \\ \\ X ' T01l GVP'f'\u20acoT01l O\u20aco TOil 7T01\\V1I ptGT\u20acofL7TOpW1I \u2022\u2022\u2022 'Christ-monger'.22 2. U\u00a3T6JV 1267 \u2022 ~, \\ , '{} , \u2022\u2022\u2022 Ot OE I\\EVKOt 7TpOS EpOS\u00b7 \\ , l ''''' (J' -I.. '\\ al\\WS TtV E XEV, TOVS OE 7J(J.wv ns 'fJtI\\Os\u00b7 ~~' f ~, I Ot 0 EKptVOVTO, Ot OE atTWVWV Eaw, f ~'1 .....", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1091", "words": "10501", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Roselli, David Kawalko", "title": "Theorika in Fifth-Century Athens", "date": "2009", "keywords": "athens; book; century; discussion; distributions; eubulus; evidence; festivals; funds; obols; pericles; philochorus; public; reference; rhodes; state; theater; theoric; theoric fund; theorika; theorikon", "summary": "In addition to payment for the courts, the payment of state funds for bouleutai, overseas officials, and various magistracies is further attested in the fifth century.17 Plutarch\u2019s description of the distribution of public funds to attend festivals (theorika) is consistent with contemporary evidence for the dikastikon and other payments passed by the ekklesia in the fifth century. 30 THEORIKA IN FIFTH-CENTURY ATHENS torical moments in the theater dole: (1) ad hoc distributions of state funds for festivals (designed in part as a replacement for other suspended forms of misthophoria) and (2) the institution of a permanent Theoric Fund.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10911", "words": "4638", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Merlan, Philip", "title": "Ammonius Hermiae, Zacharias Scholasticus and Boethius", "date": "1968", "keywords": "ammonius; aristotle; boethius; christian; cosmos; doctrine; eternity; gesius; knowledge; plato; problem; zacharias", "summary": "193 Ammonius Hermiae, Zacharias Scholasticus and Boethius Philip M erlan I N HIS Ammonius,l Zacharias tells us that from Alexandria a young man arrived in Berytus one day to devote himself to the study of jurisprudence. And to familiarize oneself with the spirit of his school a study of Zacharias' Ammonius is most helpful-despite the fact that it was written to belittle Ammonius-if read as it should be, viZ. as essentially a historical document.36 If in addition we remind ourselves that Ammonius Hermiae in all likelihood became a Christian37 (i.e. was baptized) and that Gesius became another38-whatever their motives and whatever their subsequent conduct in life and in teach\u00ad ing-this also should help us to see in proper perspective the possi\u00ad bility that Boethius did indeed lapse from Christianity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10921", "words": "10906", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Willis, William H.", "title": "A Census of the Literary Papyri from Egypt", "date": "1968", "keywords": "authors; byzantine; century; copyright; egypt; greek; papyri; ptolemaic; roman; table; texts; vii", "summary": "Papinian X X X X 1 1 Paulust X X X X 2 2 Ulpian X X X X 1 1 1 1 4 Theodosian Code X X X X X X X 2 1 3 --- Digestt X X X X X X X X 2 2 * 1 1 Cicero, Orations x X 1 1 4 1 7 Juvenal X X X 1 1 Livy X X 2 2 Lucan X X X 1 1 Sallust X X 1 3 1 5 --- Terence X 1 1 2 Vergil: Eclogues X X 1 1 --- Georgics X X 1 1 2 Aeneid X X 5 6 2 13 --- (All Vergil)* X X (1) (6) (7) (2) (16) --- LEGAL TEXTS Gaius X X X X 1 1 2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10931", "words": "5255", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Beck, Curt W.; Southard, Gretchen C.; Adams, Audrey B.", "title": "Analysis and Provenience of Minoan and Mycenaean Amber, II. Tiryns", "date": "2011", "keywords": "absorption; amber; baltic; beads; gold; infrared; karo; museum; spectra; supra; tiryns", "summary": "Kar04 described them as a pair of curious, wheel-shaped ornaments of goldwire, the spokes of which are set with amber beads. He added that the hoard yielded sufficient additional gold wire and amber beads to account for a second pair, and suggested that they may have served as Schlafenschmuck like the wheels covering the ears of the lady of Elche.5 In his first note, Karo6 supplied a photograph giving an axial view of one wheel containing seven amber beads (now Athens National Museum no. 6217b) and a side view of the other (now Athens National Museum no. 6217a) in which the amber cannot be seen clearly.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10941", "words": "4287", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Weiler, Ingomar", "title": "Greek and Non-Greek World in the Archaic Period", "date": "2011", "keywords": "barbarians; der; greek; hellas; hellenes; herodotus; non; persian; supra; time; world", "summary": "Above all, this collection is concerned with interpreting the relationship between the Greek and the non-Greek world, going more into detail than for example the meritorious studies of J. Juthner and U. Wilcken.2 Thus H. Schwabl in his introductory treatise (not men\u00ad tioned by Finley) examines the notion the Greeks had of the foreign world, basing his observations on the literary works of the archaic period. 21 22 GREEK AND NON-GREEK WORLD IN THE ARCHAIC PERIOD Greeks is not prominent then.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10951", "words": "6386", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Segal, Charles", "title": "Two Agonistic Problems in Pindar, Nemean 7.70-74 and Pythian 1.42-45", "date": "2011", "keywords": "contest; floyd; hermann; javelin; line; meaning; passage; pindar; sogenes; supra; throw; verb; victory; view; wrestling", "summary": "Two Agonistic Problems in Pindar, Nemean 7.70-74 and Pythian 1.42-45 Segal, Charles Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1968; 9, 1; ProQuest pg. 31 Two Agonistic Problems in Pindar, Nemean 7.70-74 and pythian 1.42-45 Charles Segal I GOTTFRIED HERMANN in 1822 offered a clue to a satisfactory interpretation of lines 70-74 of the Seventh Nemean.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-10961", "words": "3174", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Glaukos of Rhegion", "date": "2011", "keywords": "archilochos; glaukos; klonas; musica; olympos; rhegion; terpander; time", "summary": "665, as I have suggested,29 then Klonas, Tyr\u00ad taios and the introduction of the Ionian elegiac distich to Peloponnese may all be earlier than Archilochos, who flourished about the middle of the seventh century B.C.30 Glaukos may well have regarded Klonas and Tyrtaios as slightly earlier than the Parian poet, placing them a little later than Terpander, who, according to Hellanikos,31 was a victor at the Spartan Karneia in 676. \\ F.'\\ ~ p A \\ \\ V ayopLKWV TLVOS aKovO'aL 'f'YJULV aVTOV l\\aVKOS 0 YJYLVOS KaTa TOVS aVTOVS XPOVOVS aVT \\ \\ '", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11151", "words": "5437", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Coulter, James A.", "title": "Phaedrus 279A: The Praise of Isocrates", "date": "1967", "keywords": "alcidamas; antisthenes; contra; isocrates; passage; phaedrus; plato; praise; speeches; work", "summary": "And one point to which he recurred was his unambiguous view that the sort of philosophy, i.e. logic, epistemology and metaphysics, sees Plato as extending to Isocrates praise, which though conditioned by Plato's belief in the superiority of dialectic over rhetoric, is still sincere and well intentioned. 225 Phaedrus 279 A: The Praise of Isocrates James A. Coulter I s SOCRATES' praise of Isocrates at the end of the Phaedrus sincere?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11161", "words": "1084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Epigramma Magni Monumenti, IG IX ii 1135", "date": "1967", "keywords": "didius; kern; oliver; peek", "summary": "1 W. Peek, Ein unbekannter Besieger der Galater, Klio 42 (1964) 319-27. 237 238 EPIGRAMMA MAGNI MOMENTI, IG IX ii 1135 The inscription with Peek's attractive restoration of the first four lines honors a man addressed at the beginning of line 3 with the prae\u00ad nomen, which Peek reads as Caius and I as Aulus. Kern and Peek 1 have done much to re-establish the text, but room for improvement still remains.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11171", "words": "3222", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "McCail, Ronald C.", "title": "The Earthquake of A.D. 551 and the Birth-date of Agathias", "date": "1967", "keywords": "a.d; agathias; date; earthquake; kal; kat; stein; supra; time", "summary": "I 'I: \u2022 () ~, \\, .. , ~ I aVaTTI\\\u20aca Kat, TTpaYJLaTWV \u20ac~ \u20acW tVOV JL\u20acXpt KaL \u20acS 7]I\\LOV KaTaOVVTa , , ~ \\' \u20acKJL\u20acI\\\u20acTW KaL aV\u20acI\\LTTW \u2022 \u2022 ., and especially 237, 6ff: \\ \\ )_ \\ '\\' ,~, c\\ , ~ ' , , TTI\\7]V (XI\\I\\ OVO ws UV7]uw TOVJLOV OVO\u20ac aTToTTavuoJLaL \u20acUT ' r JI, I t r I av 0 \u20acpWS JL\u20ac aYn, \u20acL KaL JLot ns V\u20acJL\u20acU7]U\u20act\u20acV WS VTT\u20acPT\u20acPWV './.. 20 Agathias is using the Patria of Tralles,21 and is correct in his assertion that Augustus was in Cantabria when the Trallean envoy Chaeremon sought him.22 Agathias claims to have seen Chaeremon's monument outside Tralles and quotes the verse inscription which it bears (mention of Tralles thus allows him to introduce more of his own personal testimony).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11181", "words": "1209", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "The Ancient Name of Zakro", "date": "1967", "keywords": "crete; dikte; mountain; zakro", "summary": "Strabo (10.3.20, C 472) comparing place names in the Troad with similar names in Crete, remarks that Dikte was a place (ro7Tos) in the territory ofSkepsis but a mountain in Crete. The most imposing mountain in eastern Crete is Modhi, an eminence which has been plausibly identified with Dikte, and the sanctuary of Diktaian Zeus almost certainly lay near Palaikastro in the far east, where his famous hymn was excavated.5", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11191", "words": "1709", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "A Poem of the Ainianes", "date": "1967", "keywords": "ainianes; aphrodite; herakles; poem", "summary": "It is fitting that Aphrodite-Pasiphaessa blessed the love of Herakles at Dodona, because Aphrodite was the daughter of Dione,6 who was the special consort of Zeus at Dodona.7 Dione's kinship with Aphrodite is recalled by Theokritos (15.106) in the Adoniazousai by the invocation KV7Tpt Lhwvala or Lltavala.8 Pasiphae or Pasiphaessa, who in her mortal guise was a wife of Minos,9 may well be a Greek memory of a Minoan goddess. In vA the name of the child of Herakles and Erythe is needed and the correction to 'Epv(}ovTa gives good sense, though a hero of this name is, so far as I know, otherwise unknown.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11201", "words": "3529", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Holloway, R. Ross", "title": "Panhellenism in the Sculptures of the Zeus Temple at Olympia", "date": "1967", "keywords": "herakles; olympia; pediment; sculptures; temple; zeus", "summary": "E71'0tTJUE OE EfLoL OOKELV 'TaV'Ta 0 IlKafLEVTJS', E\u00a3pL OVV 'T\u20ac \u20ac\u00a3Va\u00a3 A' ,,, - '0' ' ~ ~ I '\u00a3'I It LlLOS' EV E71'EUL 'TO\u00a3S' fLTJpov uEowaYfLEvoS' Ka\u00a3 i!:!JTJuEa E71'LU'TafLEvoS' WS' ELTJ 'TETap'ToS' < amj) II'''071'0S'' ~' 0 \\ I , 'R \\ , , \\ \\ ' - ,-Eun uE EV IlvfL71'L~ KaL paKIlEovS' 'Ta 71'0lllla 'TWV EpyWV. 71'pOS' aVT

ayta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11471", "words": "3253", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Pritchett, W. Kendrick", "title": "The Top of the Lapis Primus", "date": "1966", "keywords": "band; figure; fragment; line; surface", "summary": "I N Historia 13 (1964) 129-134, I reported the results of my inspection of the top surface of fragments 1, 3, and 4 of the First Stele of the Tribute Quota-Lists. In August 1965, the Director of the Epigraphical Museum, Dr Markellos Mitsos, kindly dismantled the upper part of the stele for me, and I studied and photographed the fragments in the open courtyard.1 PLATE 6, figure 1, shows the ridge as it appears on the top surface of fragment 4. PLATE 7, figure 3, shows at the left the smoothly dressed band, as it is preserved on fragment 3. PLATE 6, figure 2, is another photograph of fragment 4, this time from above, illustrating the band at the bottom of the picture with a cutting at the top.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11481", "words": "10765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Lloyd-Jones, Hugh", "title": "Menander\u2019s Sikyonios", "date": "1966", "keywords": "father; girl; hugh; jones; kassel; kat; kichesias; lines; lloyd; man; menander; person; play; prologue; pyrrhias; scene; sikyonios; slave; smikrines; speaker; speech; stratophanes; theron; tov", "summary": "TOV; 130 ] \\ ~ f} -- 'i:: \\ \\ , , \u2022 TE/\\EVTwa EV ao, TO aov YEVOS' E ]ypa~EV. I ..... \\ \\ ,... /:' TO TOV O'TpanWTOV aXTJ/La Kat TO TOV ~EVOV.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11491", "words": "3517", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Milns, R. D.", "title": "Alexander\u2019s Seventh Phalanx Battalion", "date": "1966", "keywords": "alexander; army; arrian; battalion; battle; phalanx; tarn", "summary": "R. D. MILNS 165 going to meet in Persis, with the need for a large detachment of Macedonians to garrison the country and a consequent reduction of battalion strength to normal. These are those of Craterus, Amyntas, and Coenus; no other battalions or battalion commanders are mentioned by Arrian either during the pursuit of Darius or in the subsequent operations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11501", "words": "9703", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Geanakoplos, Deno John", "title": "Church Building and \u2018Caesaropapism,\u2019 A.D. 312-565", "date": "1966", "keywords": "arian; authority; building; caesaropapism; christian; church; church building; churches; constantine; construction; emperor; empire; eusebius; god; justinian; op.cit; policy; reign; state; supra; temples; theodosius", "summary": "It has been suggested that the literary sources are less than ade\u00ad quate in dealing with this problem and that archeological evidence offers perhaps the surest access to imperial church building, confirm\u00ad ing or disproving the literary evidence. The problem of establishing a correlation between the degree of the emperor's authority over the church, in theory and practice, and the amount and kind of church building accomplished in each reign is obviously a very complex one.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1151", "words": "1208", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Lech, Marcel Lysgaard", "title": "The Shape of the Athenian Theatron in the Fifth Century: Overlooked Evidence", "date": "2009", "keywords": "form; orchestra; theatron; use", "summary": "Recently H. Goette has presented a reconstruction of a tra- pezoidal theatron and orchestra on the basis of the latest ar- chaelogical research at the site,2 and what I present here is an overlooked piece of literary evidence to support the idea of a rectangular/trapezoidal theatron constructed of wooden benches (ikria).3 It does not, however, throw any light on the form of the orchestra. 1 See M. Revermann, \u201cThe Shape of the Athenian Orchestra in the Fifth Century: Forgotten Evidence,\u201d ZPE 128 (1999) 25\u201328, at 25 n.1; for a short bibliography on the discussion, see now also R. Rehm, The Play of Space: Spatial Transformation in Greek Tragedy (Princeton 2002)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11521", "words": "6210", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Young, Douglas", "title": "Notes on the Text of Pindar", "date": "1966", "keywords": "bockh; division; douglas; end; error; irigoin; metre; notes; paradosis; pindar; text; uncials; verse; word; young", "summary": "At I 8A2f the paradosis runs: \\ \\ , .... \\ \\ \\ , \\ \\ .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11531", "words": "842", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Fales, Jr, DeCoursey", "title": "An Unpublished Fragment of Kleitias", "date": "1966", "keywords": "gorgoneion; kleitias; louvre", "summary": "GORGONEION BY KLEITIAS (Louvre C 167b) A fragment from a cup, probably Gordion in shape and with an interior gorgoneion painted by Kleitias, fitted so nicely the description of the sherd, Louvre C 10246, which Beazley attributed to Kleitias, that I wrote to the Louvre for a photograph of C 10246.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11541", "words": "2067", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Herodotus 4.153 and SEG IX 3", "date": "1966", "keywords": "herodotus; number; seg; text", "summary": "In that case SEG IX 3 suggests that the text of Herodotus 4.153 should read: e7JpatoL~ 8~ ,,~ '~\\..I..' ., 'Ii:' \\..1.. A' '\\ \\' \\ \u2022 \\ A , EauE aOEI\\'f'EOV a: aOEI\\'f'EOV 17EJL17ELV 17al\\4J l\\aXoV7'a KCt.t a170 7'WV XwpWV f' f \\ fI ' r I r, ~ ., a17aV7'WV E177'Ct. EOV7'WV Herodotus 4.153 and SEG IX 3 Oliver, James H Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1966; 7, 1; ProQuest pg. 25 Herodotus 4.153 and SEG IX 3 James H. Oliver THE TEXT SEG IX 3 at Cyrene is an inscription of the early fourth century B.C. recording a decree to grant Cyrenaean citizenship to Theraean immigrants on the basis of an ancient agreement concerning those who might emigrate later.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11551", "words": "11296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "A Reconstruction of Sophocles\u2019 Polyxena", "date": "1966", "keywords": "achilles; action; agamemnon; antigone; chorus; der; die; euripides; fro; ghost; greek; gruppe; hecuba; pearson; play; polyxena; reconstruction; schmid; seneca; sophocles; stahlin; troades; von; welcker; wilamowitz", "summary": "28 See Friedrich, Untersuchungen 103ff. See Friedrich, Untersuchungen 104-107.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11561", "words": "2855", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Sherk, Robert K.", "title": "C. Asinius Gallus and his Governorship of Asia", "date": "1966", "keywords": "asia; asinius; augustus; b.c; gallus; governor; letter; rome", "summary": "C. Asinius Gallus and his Governorship of Asia Sherk, Robert K Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1966; 7, 1; ProQuest pg. 57 c. Asinius Gallus and his Governorship of Asia Robert K. Sherk We turn now to the other piece of evidence that is cited by modern authorities to show that Asinius Gallus had been governor in 6/5 B.C. This is the famous letter of Augustus to the Cnidians.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11571", "words": "9036", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Thomson, Ian", "title": "Manuel Chrysoloras and the Early Italian Renaissance", "date": "1966", "keywords": "bruni; chrysoloras; constantinople; epistolario; florence; greek; guarino; iii; italian; italy; latin; letters; manuel; niccoli; pupils; renaissance; sabbadini; scholars; teacher; thomson; venice; vergerio; west", "summary": "It was said that his jealousy drove Chrysoloras out of Florence, but G. Zippel, Niccolo Niccoli (Florence 1890) 75-91, maintains that Niccoli's malice was aimed at John Chrysoloras. Manuel Chrysoloras and the Early Italian Renaissance Thomson, Ian Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1966; 7, 1; ProQuest pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11581", "words": "4826", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Xenomedes of Keos", "date": "1965", "keywords": "aristaios; euxantios; fgrhist; island; kallimachos; keian; keos; pindar; sons; xenomedes; zeus", "summary": "Xenomedes, says Kallimachos, dealt with the mythology of the whole island; so he wrote about all four cities, but not necessarily about their entire history down to his own time, the second half of the fifth century B.C.3 As the words of Kallimachos fLv-ryfLTJ fLV(jol\\oyo~ suggest, the work is more likely to have been a Ktisis or Archaiologia of Keos than Horoi. Here the summary of Kallimachos ends, but somewhere Xenomedes must have found room for Euxantios son of Minos because he stated that Akontios was of his line; 6 and the history was brought down to an epoch later than the Ionian migration because Kydippe the Naxian, whom Akontios married, was said by Xenomedes to be of the line of Kodros,6 who was reputed to be the father of emigrant leaders of colonists from Attica to the Cyclades and Asiatic Ionia.7 Somewhere Xenomedes also mentioned Amisodaros the Karian father-in-law of Bellerophon,8 perhaps in connexion with the Karians of Keos.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11591", "words": "12913", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Young, Douglas", "title": "Some Types of Scribal Error in Manuscripts of Pindar", "date": "1965", "keywords": "additions; confusions; douglas; error; form; kat; manuscripts; minuscule; mss; occur; offers; omissions; paradosis; pier; pindar; pler; prim; scribes; types; variant; vett; words; young", "summary": "vLKav V, vLKav D; P 11.30 ac/>avTov ] ac/>CJ.VTos D; P 11.41 p,LUOOLO ] {'LUOciJ Mss; P 11.57 OavaToL' ] OavaTov pIer., OavaTov B; P 12.5 EVOOg

\\'~ MEANING LITERARY NON LITERARY LITERARY NON LITERARY a 2 54 15 244 b 2 20 5 15 C 6 20 32 121 d 8 61 2 l3 14 e 7 123 04 0 Leitourgia and Related Terms (II) Lewis, Naphtali Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1965; 6, 3; ProQuest pg. 227 Leitourgia and Related Terms (II) N aphtali Lewis THE PRECEDING SECTIONS of this study appeared in GRBS 3 (1960) 175-84.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1171", "words": "10247", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Sammons, Benjamin", "title": "Agamemnon and His Audiences", "date": "2009", "keywords": "achaean; achilles; agamemnon; army; audience; benjamin; book; brother; hand; hector; homer; iliad; menelaus; narrative; poet; public; sammons; speech; trojans; war; way; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "But groaning heavily, powerful Agamemnon spoke among them taking Menelaus by the hand, while companions lamented for him. For in saving Menelaus from certain destruction, Agamemnon simul- taneously entices the Achaean champions into undertaking the same risk.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11711", "words": "29387", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Bieber, Margarete", "title": "New Trends in the New Books on Ancient Art, 1958-1964", "date": "1965", "keywords": "ancient; architecture; art; author; b.c; berlin; bibliography; bieber; book; british; bronze; catalogue; century; chapter; coins; color; date; der; etruscan; example; figs; form; greek; head; hellenistic; history; ills; illustrations; life; margarete; monuments; mosaics; museum; new; nos; painting; period; photographs; pis; plates; portraits; roman; rome; sculpture; second; statues; style; text; trends; vases; works; york", "summary": "Therefore Berta Sarlle in 1958 had to remodel entirely the section on the art of the Romans and to complete it with the results of the excavations and research of the last decades of our era.50 These new studies extend not only to Rome but to Etruscan art, including the time of the kings and the early Roman Republic; to Greek art in Magna Graecia, the Greek mainland, and Asia Minor; finally, to Egypt and all the countries conquered by the Romans during the later Republican and imperial periods, when Africa, the Middle East, and northern Europe accepted Roman art on becoming pro\u00ad vinces of the Roman Empire. 108 NEW TRENDS IN THE NEW BOOKS ON ANCIENT ART, 1958-1964 from Augustus to Constantine the Great, Rom und sein Imperium.59 In the first part, the main characteristics of Roman art are discussed, particularly its differences from Greek art.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11721", "words": "5824", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Texts A and B of the Horothesia Dossier at Istros", "date": "1965", "keywords": "a.d; dessau; dossier; epistle; greek; histrians; horothesia; istros; kat; laberius; legate; maximus; oliver; parvan; pippidi; text; tov; twv; wilhelm", "summary": "[0 ' A \u2022 \\ I 'J \\ l' \\ \\ , [ ] 7TpEO'fJELav, 0 KaL OL av'TOV /LOVOV 'TOV ~afJELVOV a 0'- /LEVWS av \u20ac1Tol7JO'a\u00b7 ~eLOV'T\u20ac DE Kat 'TO: TfjS IIdJK7Js V/LE<'iv> OLIVER PLATE 2 HOROTHESIA DOSSIER", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11731", "words": "7746", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Kristeller, Paul Oskar", "title": "Renaissance Aristotelianism", "date": "1965", "keywords": "aristotelian; aristotle; century; kristeller; logic; new; period; philosophers; philosophy; physics; pomponazzi; position; renaissance; school; theology; thought", "summary": "The school tradition of the lectura and the disputatio also produced a special type of formalized reasoning and of accumulated arguments that is known as the scholastic method, a method that was not peculiar to Aristotelian philosophy, but had its counterparts in other branches of mediaeval learning such as theology or juris\u00ad prudence. For a criticism of Duhem. 162 RENAISSANCE ARISTOTELIANISM ing of Aristotelian philosophy at the French and English universities was continued, but its nature and extent have not yet been fully explored.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11741", "words": "11328", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Davison, J. A.", "title": "Thucydides, Homer and the \u2018Achaean Wall\u2019", "date": "1965", "keywords": "achaeans; book; camp; day; evidence; fighting; homer; homeric; iliad; lines; nestor; page; ships; text; thucydides; trojans; wall", "summary": "Thucydides' idea of how the campaign ought to have developed shows that, allowing for his tendency to think in fifth-century terms (e.g., circumvallation), his picture of the actual state of affairs prevail\u00ad ing in the Achaean camp before Ilios is not so very different from the one which we gather from our texts of the Iliad: a first battle on land\u00ad ing, and after that no direct operations against Ilios-reconnaissances, perhaps, and negotiations (as in Iliad 3.305ff), but otherwise only piratical raids of the type organized by Achilles [Iliad 9.328-9] and per\u00ad haps also by Odysseus (else how had he come by the title 71'TOAllTop8o~, which he already has in Iliad 2.278, and which he alone of the Achaean heroes shares with Achilles?).7 For the military explanation of this 7 Odysseus' title may be anticipatory; by his share in the taking of Troy Odysseus will become the champion TTTO>.tTTOp8os of the age. It is thus legitimate for the student of the part played by Athens in the preservation and dissemination to suggest that apparent resemblances between Homeric and Attic usages are as likely to be due to Attic imitation of Homer as to 'Homeric' imitation of Athens: 'Peisistratos' may have devised the peplos ritual and commissioned a seated statue of Athena after reading or hearing Iliad 6,23 and 'Kimon' may have been given the idea of bringing his men's ashes home from the North Aegean by Iliad 7.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11751", "words": "7884", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Ion of Chios", "date": "1965", "keywords": "athenaeus; athenian; athens; author; blumenthal; chios; cimon; evidence; fragment; ion; ionian; line; papyrus; pericles; plutarch; poet; socrates; sophocles; von; words", "summary": "Such a division of the land recalls the 7TVPYO' or very ancient demesnes of Teos into which the land was for long divided.39 By making Athamas come from Chios Ion was attemp\u00ad ting to stake a prior Chiot claim to territories in mainland Ionia. For Sophocles Ion felt affection and sympathy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11761", "words": "935", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "81", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "An Inscription in Kythera", "date": "1965", "keywords": "inscription; kythera; laconian; malos", "summary": "[Herodotos 1.82.2]; but by the time our inscription was cut Kythera had almost certainly become a Spartan possession, and it is worth noting that Apollo Maleatas was worshipped in Sparta as well as in Epidauros.7 At the sanctuary of Asklepios in Peiraieus offerings were made to Apollo and Maleatas separately, a fact which suggests that Maleatas was originally a distinct god or hero;8 but that the name Maleatas and its use as an 3 ibid. Malos of Kythera therefore remains unidentified: he need have nothing to do with Malos of Epidauros.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11771", "words": "1737", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Athens and Roman Problems around Moesia", "date": "1965", "keywords": "a.d; athens; catus; macedonia; moesia; proconsul; thrace", "summary": "The chief importance of Thrace to the Athenians and of Moesia to the Byzantines seems to have been the grain which these provinces produced. In general see John Day, An Economic History of Athens under Roman Domination (New York 1942) 162-4, but Day has not claimed Thrace or Moesia as a source of grain for Athens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11781", "words": "6160", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Downey, Glanville", "title": "The Perspective of the Early Church Historians", "date": "1965", "keywords": "christian; church; church history; emperor; eusebius; evagrius; history; pagan; socrates; sozomen; work", "summary": "So our interest in the church historians who wrote in the fifth and sixth centuries, Socrates, Sozomen and Evagrius, is not only in their accounts of an epoch-making period in the history of the early church, but in their understanding of the nature of church history at a time when church history itself was a relatively new subject. Socrates, then, believed that there was a need for church history, not solely or primarily as a history of the church as an institution and of its internal affairs, but as an account of the church as an element of stability in the life of the state as a whole.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11791", "words": "7516", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Reckford, Kenneth J.", "title": "Helen in the Iliad", "date": "1964", "keywords": "achilles; aphrodite; appeal; book; gods; hector; helen; homer; iliad; op.cit; paris; parry; story; supra; themes; war", "summary": "So far we have been examining one aspect of Homer's art: the con\u00ad sistency of his portrayal of Helen, the control with which he weaves different threads of story into the unity of the Iliad. In simpler narratives, as reflected in the Iliupersis and Little Iliad, the stolen bride was returned and peace thus concluded.15 In the Iliad, Helen is not restored.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11801", "words": "3123", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Evans, J. A. S.", "title": "The \u201cFinal Problem\u201d at Thermopylae", "date": "1964", "keywords": "allies; greek; herodotus; leonidas; sparta; thermopylae", "summary": "The Final Problem at Thermopylae Evans, J A S Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1964; 5, 4; ProQuest pg. 231 The Final Problem at Thermopylae J. A. S. Evans THE FINAL PROBLEM of Thermopylae has been neatly defined by How and Wells, HWhat was the purpose of Leonidas clinging to his position at Thermopylae when it had apparently become untenable ? These scouts reached Leonidas 7JSTJ S,acpavova7JS ~fL~PTJs [7.219.2]; it must have been already daylight when they first spotted the Persian Immortals, and when they reached Leonidas, dawn was already past.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1181", "words": "4116", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Alwine, Andrew T.", "title": "The Non-Homeric Cyclops in the Homeric Odyssey", "date": "2009", "keywords": "athena; cyclopes; daughter; homeric; island; john; men; narrative; odysseus; odyssey; polyphemus; story; tradition", "summary": "In John of Antioch (48.2) and John Malalas (5.17), Odysseus wars with each of the three brothers in succession. 20 Dictys Cretensis may also imply that the Cyclopes held Odysseus in captivity in the brief notice that he \u201csuffered many indignities\u201d (multa indigna expertus, 6.5). For god-like Odysseus has not yet died on the earth, but he is, I believe, still alive and on a sea-girt island, held back on the wide sea; cruel men are restraining him, wild men, who, I believe, hold him back against his will.1 HIS STATEMENT BY ATHENA should strike a reader who is familiar with the rest of the Homeric Odyssey as strange.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11811", "words": "9552", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Walbank, Frank W.", "title": "Polybius and the Roman State", "date": "1964", "keywords": "book; carthage; change; constitution; frank; greek; history; men; plato; polybius; power; roman; rome; scipio; state; time; walbank; war; world", "summary": "FRANK W. WALBANK 241 fought only just wars, would have suffered rude violence from the acceptance of such a thesis; and fortunately by the second century, when the Romans found themselves on the defensive about their imperial motives, the Stoics were already at hand to help them out with the comfortable doctrine that the Roman empire was the reward of Roman virtue, and an instrument of justice benefiting ruler and ruled impartially.6 Polybius was not blind to these considerations, and he has some pertinent remarks on Roman morals and Roman morale. According to Polybius,l Scipio Africanus in his speech before Zama promised his men that if they were victorious, they would gain for themselves and their country undisputed command and sovereignty over the rest of the world.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11821", "words": "8355", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "White, Donald", "title": "Demeter\u2019s Sicilian Cult as a Political Instrument", "date": "1964", "keywords": "b.c; city; cult; demeter; evidence; gela; gelon; goddesses; greek; hieron; island; morgantina; op.cit; room; sanctuary; sicily; syracuse; time", "summary": "A generalized similarity between the coin portraits of Hieron's wife, Philistis, and the veiled-goddess type of Demeter portrait has long been noted.28 As is the case with the familiar Demeter of Cnidus and other large-scale votives,29 Philistis is depicted in profile with her head partially veiled by her himation.30 The allusion to Demeter is made more probable by the symbol placed behind the neck, re\u00ad presenting in some instances an ear of wheat and a torch in others.31 Another feature long recognized in connection with Hieron's coinage is its close affinity to the coins of Ptolemy II Philadelphos. For the recently discovered group of Demeter votives found under the Piazza S. Francesco in Catane, see G. Rizza, Stipe votiva di un santuario di Demetra a Catania, BdA Ser.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11831", "words": "5090", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Curran, Leo C.", "title": "Greek Words and Myth in Propertius 1.20", "date": "1964", "keywords": "boy; greek; hylas; latin; myth; nymphs; poem; poet; propertius; rhyme; roman; sounds; story; water; words", "summary": "ibat Hylas, ibat Hamadryasin. Certain elements of the Hylas myth, especi\u00ad ally the boy's name and the role of water, are transmuted from mere particulars in a narrative into images and motifs that reverberate through the poem.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11841", "words": "4478", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Sherk, Robert K.", "title": "An Epitaph in the Museum at Alexandria", "date": "1964", "keywords": "alexandria; breccia; deceased; egypt; epitaph; greek; horses; lines; museum; op.cit; peek; stone; wilbour", "summary": "VI.926, line 7, but Cronen thought of < E)TJ8&[ no]S'. Although one may easily criticize a few of the restorations, especially in lines 3-5, the intent of the epitaph appears to be as Peek has suggested.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11851", "words": "3930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Raubitschek, Antony E.", "title": "The Treaties between Persia and Athens", "date": "1964", "keywords": "athenians; athens; dareios; peace; pericles; persia; thucydides; treaty", "summary": "Oath and treaty are contrasted in one and the same sentence which has but one verb; Theopompus challenges here the Hellenic patriotism and the sincerity of the Athenians. This passage, as well as that other about the famous shield signal (6.121-131), has given rise to a pro\u00ad tracted debate about the existence in Athens of a pro-Persian party.6 What is important is the fact that the Athenians wished to conclude an alliance with Persia which should protect them against an impend\u00ad ing Spartan attack, and that the ambassadors actually concluded an alliance by offering on their own account submission to Dareios.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11861", "words": "9010", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Wycherley, R. E.", "title": "The Olympieion at Athens", "date": "1964", "keywords": "agora; athens; bevier; building; columns; cook; evidence; great; hadrian; hesperia; iii; judeich; olympieion; penrose; shrine; temple; welter; work; zeus", "summary": "ApPENDIX Synopsis of Zeus Cults at Athens This note is prompted by a remark of Welter,1 who says The building of such a gigantic Zeus-temple at Athens is surprising, since at Athens Zeus in relation to Athena played a wholly subsidiary (beilaufige) role, and in popularity could not compete with her or with many other gods. A. B. Cook, in his discussion of the mountain-top cults of Zeus and of Epakrios in particular, is doubtful about the restoration (Zeus II", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11871", "words": "6510", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Clausen, Wendell", "title": "Callimachus and Latin Poetry", "date": "1964", "keywords": "annales; callimachean; callimachus; cinna; eclogue; ennius; epic; greek; hesiod; homer; latin; parthenius; poem; poetry; poets; verses; virgil", "summary": "The attitude of Callimachus to Hesiod and Homer has sometimes been misunderstood: for Callimachus Hesiod was imitable, Homer inimitable. Cinna, Calvus, Catullus, Gallus, Virgil, Propertius-their imaginations were captivated by Callimachus; but for his poetry and the esthetic attitudes expressed or implied in it, much of what they wrote could not have been written; and Latin poetry would be very different.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-11881", "words": "7991", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Coulter, James A.", "title": "\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u1f5d\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 3.3-4 and Aristotle\u2019s Theory of the Mean", "date": "1964", "keywords": "aristotle; caecilius; dionysius; discussion; ethics; kat; longinus; mean; mutschmann; sense; style; sublime; sublimity; terms; tumidity; virtue", "summary": "The author in Longinus flees (cpEVyOVT\u20acS 3.3) from and an early-third-century copyist of Demosthenes Or. 21 consistently writes ALT_.16", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12351", "words": "7083", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Crosby, Michael; Calder III, William M.", "title": "Libanius, On the Silence of Socrates. A First Translation and an Interpretation", "date": "1960", "keywords": "athens; crosby; death; end; gods; hemlock; libanius; life; man; men; silence; socrates; time", "summary": "r 16] Critias alone, when he was one of the tyrants, gave Socrates orders to refrain from conversation; Critias, who, proving to be an unsatisfactory pupil, condemned Socrates. And yet Critias forbade Socrates conversation only with young men, but not altogether, so long as he avoided analogies involving shepherds and herdsmen, being angry with the Socratic analogy that it was the part of bad shepherds to reduce the flock, a statement which Socrates really did make in denunciation of the tyrants.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12361", "words": "5308", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Metcalf, Michael", "title": "John Vatatzes and John Comnenus: Questions of Style and Detail in Byzantine Numismatics", "date": "1960", "keywords": "bmc; coins; dots; gold; hoard; iii; john; mark; plate; type", "summary": "Certain other finds, from which coins with the name of John were attributed to other rulers, may perhaps also have belonged to John Vatatzes.22 Wroth, in his later comments on BM C Type 3, remarked that there were other coins apparently of John II which ought perhaps to be transferred to John III.23 Plate 12 - Alexius I, John II; Other Coins of John III No. 28.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12371", "words": "1348", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Ross, Marvin C.", "title": "The Chalice of Sisinios, the Grand Logothete", "date": "1959", "keywords": "art; byzantine; chalice; sisinios", "summary": "From the time of Romanus II and the immediately suc\u00ad ceeding reign we have a number of superb works of art-the ivory of Romanus and his empress Eudokia in the Cabinet des Medailles in Paris,6 the reliquary of the True Cross in gold, silver, and enamel made for Basil the Proedrus, now in Lim\u00ad bourg,7 as well as the chalice and paten now in Saint Mark's that was made for the same Basi1.8 It has been our custom to study Byzantine art vertically-from century to century-or in op. Looking anew at this chalice of unusual ele\u00ad gance and beauty, so very much of its time and so closely re\u00ad lated to other objects datable to the reign of Romanus II, points out the need of studies of Byzantine art by periods to lead us to greater understanding and appreciation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12381", "words": "3241", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Vermeule III, Cornelius C.", "title": "Greek Art in Transition to Late Antiquity: A Portrait of the Antonine Age and the State of Greek Sculpture from A.D. 150 to 300", "date": "1959", "keywords": "antonine; art; arts; century; fine; greek; head; museum; period; portrait; sculpture", "summary": "Eclective compositions in painting, relief, coin reverses, and gem designs can be docu\u00ad mented on a wide scale.9 The Pergamene phase of Hellen\u00ad istic art, from c. 250 to 125 B.C. and later, was particularly suited to the humanistic temper of the Empire in the years when peace seemed the firmest but when wars on the eastern and northern frontiers foreshadowed the disturbances and dark days of the third century A.D. IO The few examples cited here of Antonine portrait heads carved on copies mechanical or otherwise of Greek works of the fifth century and later give no indication of the great number of such statues preserved in the collections of Europe and America. I> CLASSICAL GREEK ANTECEDENTS OF THE WARREN HEAD The head presented by E. P. Warren to the Museum of Fine Arts leads us to a number of observations on the state of Greek sculpture in the century and a half from Antoninus Pius to Constantine the Great.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12391", "words": "8434", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Wycherley, R. E.", "title": "Pausanias in the Agora of Athens", "date": "1959", "keywords": "agora; agora iii; altar; athens; basileios; monuments; north; pausanias; point; south; stoa; temple; west", "summary": "As each new site described by Pausanias is excavated and its topography largely determined, users of his periegesis can gain an increasingly clear idea of his value and his limitations, his modes of procedure and the way in which his evidence should be used. These are the only two great city centres of ancient Greece described fully by Pausanias which can also be fully reconstructed on paper from the archaeological material.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12401", "words": "1240", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Leon, Harry L.", "title": "The Greek Inscriptions of the Jews of Rome", "date": "1959", "keywords": "greek; inscriptions; jews; rome", "summary": "Of the 534 items which I think may legitimately be counted as Jewish inscriptions of Rome, 405 (76%) are Greek; of the rest, 123 (23%) are Latin, three are Hebrew, one Aramaic, one bilingual Greek and Latin, one bilingual Aramaic and Greek. GREEK INSCRIPTIONS OF THE JEWS IN ROME 49 Instead of -EV~ in the nominative, such nouns as ypap,p,arEv~ and LEPEV~ occasionally show -'EO~ (142, 146) and -EOV~ (99, 148, 346).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1241", "words": "16932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Wissmann, Jessica", "title": "Athena\u2019s \u201cUnreasonable Advice\u201d: The Education of Telemachus in Ancient Interpretations of Homer", "date": "2009", "keywords": "advice; athena; education; father; heraclitus; homer; homeric; identification; interpretation; jessica; journey; man; menelaus; nestor; odysseus; odyssey; phronesis; reason; schol; scholia; scholion; suitors; telemachus; tzetzes; view; wissmann; \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd; \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2", "summary": "One might think that this association of Telemachus with Athena = \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 is closely related to those instances in which the scholia speak of Odysseus\u2019 \u201cown phronesis\u201d with re- gard to Athena\u2019s interaction with him. Defending Athena", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12411", "words": "6305", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Nadeau, Ray", "title": "Classical Systems of Stases in Greek: Hermagoras to Hermogenes", "date": "1959", "keywords": "definition; forensic; general; hermagoras; hermogenes; iii; law; minucian; quality; questions; quintilian; rhetoric; stases; system; topics", "summary": "51 CLASSICAL SYSTEMS OF STASES IN GREEK: HERMAGORAS TO HERMOGENES RAY NADEAU I NSETTING FORTH THE FIRST FORMAL PLAN for pinpointing the main and subordinate stases (issues) of a problem, Hermagoras of Temnos established the basic pattern for later systems.1 This paper is a sketch of the early history of systems of stases in Greek from their beginning in the second century B.C. to the time of Hermogenes in the second century A.D. The pre-Hermagorean evolution of a theory of stases is obscure. Under Her\u00ad magoras, epideictic stasis is mentioned but no subordinate stases are given, either because his treatment of this area is lost or, more probably, because the traditional topics were taken for granted; under Hermogenes, epideictic is omitted from the formal stasis system but this omission is due, in my opinion, to ancient recognition of the fact that a speech which was epideictic in theme and in form could also be deliberative or forensic in its aims-epideictic stasis, then, would usually occur in epideictic-deliberative or in epideictic-forensic situ\u00ad ations rather than those of pure epideictic-display.44 Neither writer goes into any detail on deliberative stasis, another area for which sub-topics were traditiona1.45 For another differ\u00ad ence, the legal questions of Hermagoras become legal stases in Hermogenes; however, they had been so considered by some writers as early as the first century B.C.46", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12421", "words": "3236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kahn, Charles H.; Gershenson, Daniela E.; Smith, Morton", "title": "Further Notes on \u2018A Jewish Gnostic Amulet of the Roman Period\u2019", "date": "1959", "keywords": "amulet; goodenough; moon; serpent; snake; zodiac", "summary": "So on amulets, see E. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, 2 (New York, 1953), 247f., 261-7; also C. Bonner, Studies in Magical Amulets (Ann Arbor, 1950). The thought behind the imagery seems to correspond exactly to an idea developed by Philo J udaeus, which Goodenough has cited elsewhere in discussing the significance of snakes on amulets:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12431", "words": "5777", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Huxley, G. L.", "title": "Titles of Midas", "date": "1959", "keywords": "b.c; century; inscription; king; midas; monument; mycenaean; note; phrygian; ramsay; titles; tomb; word", "summary": "S2 Homer was invited to compose an epigram for Midas king of the Phrygians when he was at Kyme (Ps-Herodot. The early tradi\u00ad tion of the presence of a bronze maiden on top of the tomb of Midas shows that such dedications once stood on the top of Phrygian monuments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12441", "words": "1800", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Huxley, G. L.", "title": "Mimnermus and Pylos", "date": "1959", "keywords": "b.c; colophon; mimnermus; people; pylos; smyrna", "summary": "ls How long before 688 B.C. Smyrna had ceased to be Aeolian is unknown; the Colophonian attack may have been made at any time be\u00ad tween the arrival of Andraemon and the Pylians after 1100 B.C. and about 700 B.C. Herodotus (1.150) gives a brief account 11 Iliad B604. 101 MIMNERMUS AND PYLOS G. L. HUXLEY I N HIS Nanno Mimnermus of Colophon alluded to the com\u00ad ing of his people from Pylos, the home of the N eleids in Messenia, to Asia in ships.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12451", "words": "7198", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Beye, Charles Rowan", "title": "Alcestis and Her Critics", "date": "1959", "keywords": "admetus; alcestis; audience; critics; death; drama; euripides; heracles; husband; pheres; play", "summary": "(To be sure, to be LMI;EJ.'OS was to the Greeks a virtue, but cf. 809 where the servant calls Admetus a')'ap LM~EPOS.) Alcestis, herself, is either saintl or psychopath2 ; Admetus, a self\u00ad ish coward3 or altruistic grand gentleman.4", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12461", "words": "1690", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Tovar, Antonio", "title": "Some Passages of Euripides\u2019 Hecuba in the Light of New Textual Research", "date": "1959", "keywords": "manuscripts; passages; tradition; turyn", "summary": "Let us examine some characteristic passages of this work in which the value of the famous manuscripts Land P, consid\u00ad ered as the best from the first edition in the Renaissance until that of Kirchoff (1855), with a later reaction in favor of them initiated by Wilamowitz and sustained by the authority of G. Murray,3 decays still more when we can, thanks to the research of Turyn, know the manuscript tradition better. Land P are under the influence of late Byzantine scholar- 1 See for instance H. Hunger, Gnomon, 30 (1958), 285.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12471", "words": "2619", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Smith, Morton", "title": "A Byzantine Panegyric Collection with an Unknown Homily for the Annunciation", "date": "1959", "keywords": "chrysostom; collection; erhard; kat; sermons", "summary": "[GRBS 2 The Women with Myrrh, Kat ~ 7rapouua KVPLaK~. Paralytic, IIoUwv Kat p,\u20acyaAwv KaKWV. Samaritan Woman, Kat T~V ~JMpov ~p,fpav avaf3AV~f.L d~ ~fta8 ~ , 7rT(YTJ\u00b7 Mid-Pentecost, Chrysostom, ~07rOV Kat faV 0 8f. 220v: 20 224r: 231r: 239v: Betrayal and Passion, Chrysostom, :\u00a3TUY~V T~V fKKATJCftav {1A(1TW.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12481", "words": "6377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Vryonis, Jr, Speros", "title": "Byzantium: The Social Basis of Decline in the Eleventh Century", "date": "1959", "keywords": "aristocracy; armenians; armies; asia; byzantine; byzantium; century; decline; empire; families; greek; michael; military; minor; power; provinces; syrian", "summary": "It would be more nearly correct to say that while eastern Asia Minor was out and out Armenian, Georgian, Kurdish, Syrian, etc., western and cen\u00ad tral Asia Minor to the province of Cappadocia was greatly in\u00ad fluenced by Hellenism. While it is true that colonies of Arme\u00ad nians and Jews were to be found in western Asia Minor, and colonies of Greek Orthodox in the eastern part, one may divide Asia Minor into Greek and non-Greek at Cappadocia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12491", "words": "1473", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Galavaris, George P.", "title": "The Mother of God of the Kanikleion", "date": "1959", "keywords": "art; byzantine; god; mother; seal; virgin", "summary": "In both works also bibilography on Byzantine seals. [GRBS 2 only suggest an eleventh or a twelfth century date for the seal on the basis of the lettering of the inscriptions which finds parallels on other seals of this period.4 The representation of the Virgin on the obverse repro\u00ad duces an iconographic type known as Virgin Kyriotissa/> an epithet which often accompanies the type on Byzantine seals.6", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1251", "words": "8484", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Bryen, Ari Z.; Wypustek, Andrzej", "title": "Gemellus\u2019 Evil Eyes (P.Mich. VI 423\u2013424)", "date": "2009", "keywords": "a.d; andrzej; ari; brephos; bryen; case; egypt; evil; eyes; gemellus; iulius; karanis; magic; p.mich; papyrus; petition; phthonos; roman; village; wypustek", "summary": "There are numerous ancient theories about eyes, coming especially from the physiognomical tradition\u2014a tradition which claimed to \u201cknow the mind from the eyes.\u201d29 They are, in other words, the most marginal members of the human community writ large, and they specialize in the use of eyes to harm sources of self-reproducing wealth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12511", "words": "12170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Williams, George Huntston", "title": "The Role of the Layman in the Ancient Church", "date": "1958", "keywords": "action; bishop; christian; church; cit; clergy; der; god; greek; laics; laity; lay; layman; members; men; new; nicene; origen; people; period; presbyters; priesthood; priests; role; rome; studies; world", "summary": "The first difference, then, between the ante- and the post\u00ad Nicene situation in respect to the laity is that, where Christians had once worked out their tensions in terms of priesthood and laity, in the Constantinian era they fought it out in terms of Church and State, that is, specifically, as episcopate over against sacral kingship. The recognition of Christianity by Constantine, as for so much else in church history, clearly ends a period in the evolution of the laity as a true order (taxis) with its own often distinctive liturgical, constitutional, disciplinary, elee\u00ad mosynary, and witnessing role; and marks the climax of the gradual differentiation of the laos tou theou into laity and clergy, and the accompanying atrophy of lay functions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12521", "words": "1371", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Ross, Martin C.", "title": "A Byzantine Bowl in Serpentine", "date": "1958", "keywords": "bowl; demetrius; saint; serpentine", "summary": "The cult objects of Saint Demetrius have been used to form an idea of his shrine as it originally appeared in his church at Saloniki. Saint Demetrius was known and loved by the Salonikans as the saint of protection, which accounts, of course, for his being represented with a drawn sword.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12531", "words": "8408", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Downey, Glanville", "title": "Themistius\u2019 First Oration", "date": "1958", "keywords": "emperor; god; good; king; love; man; mankind; men; oration; soul; themistius; things; virtue", "summary": "If watchful care for good things is better than care for evil things, and if good men stand in need of reward, while evil men require punishment, it is better for the ruler to be more inclined toward the bestowal of honor than toward punish\u00ad ment' since most punishments are not carried out for the sake of assisting wrong-doers-for they take away the soul instead of aiding it-but seem instead to be of advantage only to the rest of mankind. Not that difficult and dark kind, such as those paths to which most tyrants de\u00ad scend, as though to caverns, but a broad one which preserves its tracks so that they can be seen from afar; not that kind of road that leads finally to some wild and cruel beast, a bear, a boar or a lion, clothed with the name of emperor, but the kind of path that leads to the most peaceable and gentle of all, a heavenly creature which possesses a divine and modest nature, granted by heaven for watchful care over men here on earth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12541", "words": "3485", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Goodenough, E. Rowan", "title": "A Jewish-Gnostic Amulet of the Roman Period", "date": "1958", "keywords": "amulet; basket; eve; face; fig; greek; letters; snake; symbols", "summary": "One working with charms and amulets is constantly annoyed by strings of meaningless letters, which one usually calls magical vowels, letters, or, in desperation, gibberish. These apparently represent the sun and moon, with the skin for shemesh, sun, and the cheth for chodesh, new moon, that aspect of the moon especially important in Jewish life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12551", "words": "4194", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Tsanoff, Radoslav A.", "title": "Ancient Classical Alternatives and Approaches to the Idea of Progress", "date": "1958", "keywords": "age; approaches; belief; classical; greek; idea; men; progress; recurrence; view; world", "summary": "They are mainly two: the view of a series of world ages marked by an increasing degeneration, and the view of the cosmic process as eternal recurrence. The truth here seems to be this, that human well-being and perfection are directed by Divine guidance; but if or when God's hand is withdrawn, men left to themselves go astray, and the whole world reverts towards confusion and evil.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12561", "words": "1671", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "42", "author": "Zenkovsky, Serge A.", "title": "Review: Justinia Besharov, Imagery of the Igor Tale in the Light of Byzantine-Slavic Poetic Theory", "date": "1958", "keywords": "besharov; igor; igor tale; russian; tale", "summary": "A new and significant aspect of Byzantine cultural influence in Eastern Europe, particularly of the impact of Byzantine poetic theories on early Russian literature, is treated by Justinia Besharov in this second issue of the new publication, Studies in Russiml Epic Tradition. Future students of early Russian poetics in particular, and of Medieval literature in general, will profit gready from the fruits of her research.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12571", "words": "7406", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Vermeule III, Cornelius C.", "title": "Greek Numismatic Art 400 B.C.-300 A.D.: Some General Remarks", "date": "1958", "keywords": "alexander; art; b.c; century; coins; fig; figure; greek; head; iii; new; period; reverse; series; silver; types", "summary": "The new Period VIII is the age in which Greek imperial coinage struggled unsuccessfully to express itself in terms of Greek coin types under Roman organization and uniformity. The contents of Head's chronological grouping of Greek coins is often remembered only by the sets of British Museum electrotypes seen in museum and classroom corridors; this 98 CORNELIUS C. VERMEULE III", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12581", "words": "6469", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Downey, Glanville", "title": "Coptic Culture in the Byzantine World: Nationalism and Religious Independence", "date": "1958", "keywords": "ancient; byzantine; church; coptic; copts; culture; egypt; empire; greek; language; people; world", "summary": "Other valuable works are H. I. Bell, Cults and Creeds in Graeco\u00ad Roman Egypt (Liverpool, 1953), W. H. Worrell, A Short Account of the Copts (Ann Arbor, 1945), and Coptic Egypt, containing the papers read at a symposium under the auspices of New York University and the Brooklyn Museum held at the Brooklyn Museum in 1941 and published by the Museum in 1944. Nationalism undoubtedly played a part, as many scholars have rightly insisted, and 15 Convenient handbooks illustrating the art of the Copts are Pagan and Christian Egypt, ed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12591", "words": "7260", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "The Dramaturgy of Sophocles\u2019 Inachus", "date": "1958", "keywords": "action; fragments; frg; hermes; inachus; lobel; metamorphosis; palace; play; satyr; schmid; sophocles; stage; zeus", "summary": "Tiberius Hemsterhuis2 created a problem by suggesting for no apparent reason that Inachus was satyric. The distinguished scholars, Wilhelm Schmid and A. von Blumenthal, realized the cogency of this observation and accepted Inachus as a tragedy.8 Pearson's (p. 198) attempted refutation through comparison of the nine fragments of Achilles' Lovers is not cogent because, as Pearson neglects to observe, the context of frg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12601", "words": "2443", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Geanakoplos, Deno J.", "title": "A Byzantine Looks at the Renaissance: The Attitude of Michael Apostolis toward the Rise of Italy to Cultural Eminence", "date": "1958", "keywords": "apostolis; byzantine; christ; culture; greek; italy; renaissance; western", "summary": "The efforts of Italian statesmen such as Lorenzo de'Medici and Popes Nicholas V and Leo X to amass libraries of Greek manuscripts, the warm reception accorded to many Greek ref\u00ad ugee-teachers, and the establishment of numerous professorial chairs of Greek in leading universities - all attest to a vital interest in the assimilation of Greek culture on the part of Western Europe during the Quattrocento and Cinquecento. A number of contemporary Western humanists have left us indications of their high esteem for Greek letters, l and some of these views have been woven into modern studies on 1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1261", "words": "12959", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kaldellis, Anthony", "title": "The Date and Structure of Prokopios\u2019 Secret History and His Projected Work on Church History", "date": "2009", "keywords": "church history; croke; cross; date; fact; history; justinian; logoi; prokopios; references; reign; secret; text; wars; work; years", "summary": "Kaldellis Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 49 (2009) 585\u2013616 \u00a9 2009 GRBS The Date and Structure of Prokopios\u2019 Secret History and His Projected Work on Church History Anthony Kaldellis This conclu- sion is buttressed by the fact, noted by Haury,10 that elsewhere in the same text Prokopios blames Justinian for the violence of the factions that took place during Justin\u2019s reign (Secret History 7 and 9.29\u201346).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12611", "words": "2384", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "84", "author": "Bellinger, Alfred R.", "title": "Three Hoards of Byzantine Bronze Coins", "date": "1958", "keywords": "bmc; coins; type", "summary": "Type 11 4-6 The Virgin seated Rev. Manuel with long labarum and anexikakia BMC 576f. PI. 8, fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1271", "words": "3205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "83", "author": "Moreno, Miryam Libr\u00e1n", "title": "Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1478\u20131480", "date": "2009", "keywords": "aeschyli; aeschylus; agamemnon; blood; cambridge; london; page; verb; \u03bd\u03b5\u1f77\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9; \u1f14\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2; \uf8e5\u03b1\u03b9", "summary": "Stanley, Thomae Stanleii Commen- tarius in Aeschyli Tragoedias Samuele Butlero editus (Halle 1832) 468; A. Wellauer, Aeschyli tragoediae II (Leipzig 1824) 111; C. J. Blomfield, Aeschyli Agamemnon (London 1826); R. D. Dawe, Repertory of Conjectures on Aeschylus (Leiden 1965) 119. See also Blomfield, Aeschyli Agamemnon 305: \u201cinfima pars ventris.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12711", "words": "6519", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Kenens, Ulrike", "title": "Greek Mythography at Work: The Story of Perseus from Pherecydes to Tzetzes", "date": "2012", "keywords": "bibliotheca; dana\u00eb; dictys; e.g.; euripides; greek; mythography; perseus; pherecydes; polydectes; ps.-apollodorus; schol; source; studies; text; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "This paper aims to illustrate the relevance of such a broader perspective by analysing the Perseus myth as transmitted by various mythographical sources: this inquiry will take us from the fifth-century logographer Pherecydes of Athens to the 1 For recent publications see R. S. Smith and S. M. Trzaskoma, Apollodorus\u2019 Library and Hyginus\u2019 Fabulae. Conclusion Through a close reading of the Perseus myth as transmitted by various mythographical sources, this paper has focused upon the actual practices of authorship of the imperial mythographer Ps.-Apollodorus and of some Byzantine scholars excerpting his Bibliotheca.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12731", "words": "9528", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Woerther, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique", "title": "La materia de la rh\u00e9torique d\u2019apr\u00e8s Hermagoras de Temnos", "date": "2011", "keywords": "aurait; aussi; aux; avec; cause; ces; cette; cic\u00e9ron; comme; conception; c\u2019est; dans; dans la; de la; des; deux; dialectique; d\u2019une; effet; esse; est; genre; greek; hermagoras; hermagor\u00e9enne; la materia; la rh\u00e9torique; les; l\u2019orateur; mai; mais; materia; m\u00eame; non; nous; par; pas; politique; pour; questions; qui; qu\u2019il; rh\u00e9torique; sextus; sont; studies; sur; th\u00e8ses; tout; t\u00e9moignage; une; voir; woerther", "summary": "Comme le souligne Heath, Philologus 146 (2002) 288, \u00e0 la suite de Matthes, l\u2019explication qu\u2019il propose pour rendre compte de l\u2019absence de la \u03bd\u1f79\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 chez Cic\u00e9ron et Quintilien n\u2019est pas convaincante, quand il affirme qu\u2019ils connaissaient l\u2019existence de cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9, mais non le terme qui devait l\u2019exprimer: K. Barwick, \u201cZur Re- konstruktion der Rhetorik des Hermagoras von Temnos,\u201d Philologus 109 (1965) 186\u2013218 (197\u2013199). 435\u2013460 l\u2019ineptie de la division hermagor\u00e9enne de la rh\u00e9torique:25 quodsi magnam in his Hermagoras habuisset facultatem studio et disciplina comparatam, uideretur fretus sua scientia falsum quiddam constituisse de oratoris artificio et non quid ars, sed quid ipse posset, exposuisse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12791", "words": "8562", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Dongen, Erik van", "title": "The \u201cKingship in Heaven\u201d-Theme of the Hesiodic Theogony: Origin, Function, Composition", "date": "2011", "keywords": "aegean; dongen; gods; greek; heaven\u2019-theme; kingship; kronos; kumarbi; ouranos; song; storm; studies; text; theogony; van; zeus", "summary": "Similarities on the level of specific narrative details, such as there are between the Song of Going Forth and the Theogony, are lacking completely. There is no space here for details;21 but in summary, I think that the \u2018Kingship in Heaven\u2019-theme as known from the Song of Going Forth had become known and had gained some degree of popularity in the Aegean already before the period of composition of the Theogony (ca.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12801", "words": "10821", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Catenaccio, Claire", "title": "Dream as Image and Action in Aeschylus\u2019 Oresteia", "date": "2011", "keywords": "action; aeschylus; agamemnon; audience; cassandra; catenaccio; choephoroi; chorus; claire; clytemnestra; dream; erinyes; greek; image; language; oresteia; orestes; play; scene; sleep; studies; world", "summary": "Euripides in the Hecuba makes reference to Earth as the mother of \u00b5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03f1\u1f7b\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u1f40\u03bd\u03b5\u1f77\u03c1\u03f1\u03c9\u03bd (70\u201371), and the Chorus in Iphigeneia in Tauris likewise speak of \u03a7\u03b8\u1f7d\u03bd in connection with dreams and the Pythian oracle (1259\u20131267).Cf. also Aristophanes\u2019 Frogs 1331 ff., where in the poetic \u1f00\u03b3\u1f7d\u03bd Aeschylus speaks of dream as a child of black Night (\u1f66 \u03bd\u03c5\u03ba\u03f0\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03ba\u03f0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u1f74\u03c2 \u1f44\u03c1\u03f1\u03c6\u03bd\u03b1). Caten \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011) 202\u2013231 2011 Claire Catenaccio Dream as Image and Action in Aeschylus\u2019 Oresteia Claire Catenaccio \u201cIn dreams begin responsibilities.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1281", "words": "10095", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Cavero, Laura Migu\u00e9lez", "title": "The Appearance of the Gods in the Dionysiaca of Nonnus", "date": "2009", "keywords": "aphrodite; appearance; ares; artemis; bacchic; cavero; christian; compare; dionysiaca; dionysus; gods; hera; hermes; images; laura; les; migu\u00e9lez; nonnus; nos; pagan; panopolis; paris; zeus", "summary": "How- ever, Hermes appears several times carrying baby Dionysus in the crook of his arm,84 which conjures up the Hermes paido- phoros, often represented in sculptures and mosaics.85 Again, Nonnus draws on a simple artistic image to illuminate the lit- erary background. Thereafter his usual means of transport will be a chariot drawn by panthers and lions and driven by Maron or a satyr.9 The appearance of Nonnus\u2019 adult Dionysus (e.g. 14.233\u2013 246) matches his contemporary images: his longish hair,10 in which vines and ivy are often intertwined, is a characteristic feature; his shoes11 and the horn with self-pouring wine which is seen in artistic representations are also mentioned.12 This image is related to the long literary tradition going back to Euripides\u2019 Bacchae.13 Euripidean influence surfaces in the 7 9.11\u201315, 27, 120\u2013124, 129\u2013131; 13.139\u2013141; 42.140. 8 9.159\u2013160, 171\u2013179, 184\u2013192.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12811", "words": "1518", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Finglass, P. J.", "title": "Unpublished Conjectures on Sophocles by Jeremiah Markland", "date": "2011", "keywords": "blaydes; brunck; markland; mss; sophocles", "summary": "*48 <\u00b5\u2019> (Brunck 1786) *215 \u03bd\u03c5\u03bd (Blaydes 1859) 6 Markland crosses this conjecture out, suggesting that he later rejected it. +634 \u03c4\u1f75\u03bd\u03b4\u2019 (Doederlein 1847) 725 \u03c7\u03c1\u03f1\u1fc4\u03b6\u1fc3 \u03b3\u2019, \u1f14\u03c1\u03f1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd (Eggert 1868) 849 \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd (gloss, Blaydes 1859) 977 \u03bf\u1f57 (Blaydes 1859) *1025 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u1f7d\u03bd (Bothe 1826) *1180 \u03b1\u1f51\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 (Heimsoeth) *1208b \u03b1\u1f51\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 (Brunck 1779) 1256 \u03b8\u2019 (Blaydes 1859) *1281 del. (Dindorf 1825) +1368 \u1f26\u03c3\u03b8\u2019 <\u1f02\u03bd> (Porson pre-1808, Purgold 1802) Ant. 2 \u03bf\u1f36\u03c3\u03b8\u1f71 \u03c4\u03b9 (Meineke teste Jebb) 25 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 (Brunck 1786)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12821", "words": "5409", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "How to Convert an Army Figure into a Population Figure", "date": "2011", "keywords": "army; citizens; field; hansen; hoplites; light; number; polis; population; studies", "summary": "Throughout the war large numbers of conscripts were working on the home front\u2014often in uniform. The Leuktra campaign involved thirty-five year classes, i.e. Spartiatai up to the age of 55, but after the defeat the remaining five year classes were called up too.26 In fourth- century Athens citizens could be called up until they turned 59.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12831", "words": "16277", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Carawan, Edwin M.", "title": "Paragraph\u00ea and the Merits", "date": "2011", "keywords": "agreement; amnesty; argument; callimachus; carawan; case; claim; contract; court; covenants; defendant; dem; dispute; edwin; hearing; issue; jury; law; merits; paoli; paragraph\u00ea; plaintiff; plea; settlement; speeches; studies; suit; trial; wolff", "summary": "Of course, the \u201cveiled demand\u201d may be simply a commonplace from contract cases where the plaintiff speaks first. This line of argument takes up most of the rest of the speech, up to what appears to be a commonplace in such cases: If the case is rejected here, what recourse is there\u2014\u201cto what court shall we take our case, \u2026 if not to you (in the jurisdiction) where we made the contract?\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12841", "words": "10036", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Reydams-Schils, G.", "title": "Authority and Agency in Stoicism", "date": "2011", "keywords": "296\u2013322; agency; authority; chrysippus; diss; epictetus; greek; life; philosophy; plato; reydams; school; self; seneca; stoic; stoicism; studies", "summary": "Chrysippus took the liberty to disagree with his teacher Cleanthes, Seneca states, so, \u201cwhy, then, following the example of Chrysippus himself, should not every man claim his own freedom?\u201d also Seneca Ep.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12851", "words": "6377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "The Significance of \u201cRepose\u201d in the Apophthegmata Patrum", "date": "2011", "keywords": "323\u2013339; abba; brother; desert; elder; god; greek; poemen; repose; studies; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f00\u03bd\u1f71\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd", "summary": "The Scriptures may have given aspirants reason to expect that they would find repose in responding to the Dominical command to \u201cLeave all and follow me\u201d (Mtt 19:21) that had inspired Antony to take the desert road. There is the admoni- tion of the Psalmist: \u201cTurn again unto your repose (\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u1f71\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u1f77\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5) O my soul, for the Lord has dealt bountifully with you\u201d and the assurance: \u201cTo the waters of repose he leads me.\u201d4", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12861", "words": "2227", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Turshan, Nizar; Nassar, Mohammad", "title": "A Mosaic of the Book of Daniel in the Ya\u1ffeamun Church", "date": "2011", "keywords": "byzantine; church; daniel; fig; jordan; mosaics", "summary": "NIZAR TURSHAN AND MOHAMMAD NASSAR 343 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011) 340\u2013349 church of St. John (531).7 Nilotic motifs occur at another location in Jordan, in the nave of the church of Zay al-Gharby (Byzantine period);8 there are depicted two sailboats with two men aboard, fish, and aquatic birds. I 230, II pl. 106.1; V. Corbo, \u201cNuovi scavi archeologici nella cappella del Bat- tistero della Basilica del Nebo (Siyagha),\u201d Liber Annuus 17 (1967) 241\u2013258; M. Piccirillo, \u201cCampagna archeologica nella Basilica di Mos\u00e9 Profeta sul Monte Nebo-Siyagha,\u201d Liber Annuus 26 (1976) 281\u2013318, and Mosaics of Jordan 150, pl. 197. 346 MOSAICS OF THE BOOK OF DANIEL \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011) 340\u2013349 Fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12871", "words": "11066", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Brown, H. Paul", "title": "A Pragmatic and Sociolinguistic Account of \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5 in Early Greek Epic", "date": "2011", "keywords": "addressee; brown; disposition; epic; familiarity; greek; hektor; instances; language; odysseus; social; speaker; speech; status; studies; use; zeus; \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b5\u1f79\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5", "summary": "Negative speaker disposition A negative value (\u2013) was assigned to the disposition of the speaker in 15 instances: Il. 1.561. Preliminary Findings These findings, summarized in Table 1, suggest first that the use of \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b5\u1f79\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5 correlates with higher status speakers (19/26) or with contexts of greater familiarity (19/26).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12881", "words": "6801", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Harris, John Philip", "title": "Cassandra's Swan Song: Aeschylus' Use of Fable in Agamemnon", "date": "2012", "keywords": "adrados; aeschylus; agamemnon; cassandra; death; dijk; fable; greek; history; iii; song; studies; swan; swan song; van", "summary": "In one, violent death threatens, and it is the swan\u2019s singing that saves its life; in the other, the swan sings its own funeral dirge upon sensing death approach.32 Credit is due 28 \u201cThe Raven and the Swan\u201d (not-H.140 = Aphthonius 40), discussed at Adrados, History III 467, and \u201cThe Swan and the Crow\u201d (S.100), discussed at Adrados III 872\u2013873. This fable is included because swans appear instead of cranes in the version by \u201cSyntipas,\u201d and a swan appears instead of a crane in the Syriac fables.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1291", "words": "7186", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Nigdelis, Pantelis", "title": "The Gens Varinia in Macedonia: On the Serrai Decree SEG LIV 617", "date": "2009", "keywords": "bequest; decree; edson; gens; habicht; inscription; kaphtantzis; lapis; line; macedonia; mihailov; nigdelis; oath; rebilus; samsaris; seg; serrai; \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "[\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd <\u1f00\u03bd>\u03b8\u03c1\u1f7d\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd]\u1f79\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u1f71\u03b8\u03c9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1fc7, \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u1f77\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd [\u03c4\u1fc6]\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 J. and L. Robert; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u1f78[\u03c2 / \u03c4\u1fc6]\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 Kaphtantzis; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 /", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12911", "words": "5095", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Ercoles, Marco", "title": "Stesichorus PMGF S21.1\u20133 (Geryoneis): A Textual Proposal", "date": "2011", "keywords": "che; epic; geryon; greek; heracles; iii; irvine; keres; lazzeri; pmgf; s15; stesichorus; stesicoro; studi; studies; zpe", "summary": "For this meaning see Od. e.g. Il. 1.330, 3.7, 9.511, Od. 2.12, 17.63, and see R. J. Cunliffe, A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect (Norman 1924) 5152 s.v. \u1f04\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1; for post-Homeric examples, J. D. Denniston, Greek Particles2 (Oxford 1954) 43, 50. 15 \u201cSe l\u2019asportazione dell\u2019elmo \u00e8 dovuta alle velocissime Chere, l\u2019attacco doloso di Eracle diventa del tutto sprecato\u201d in the words of De Martino, AnnBari 25/26 (1982) 101.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12921", "words": "7111", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Nakassis, Dimitri", "title": "Athens, Kylon, and the Dipolieia", "date": "2011", "keywords": "acropolis; altar; athenian; athens; dipolieia; festival; greek; kylon; narrative; orthia; ritual; sacrifice; studies; trial", "summary": "Unlike the Oresteia, however, the trials in the Dipolieia and Kylon narrative result in a guilty verdict which serves to deflect the ritual pollution resulting from violence away from the community through banishment of a single object or family. Nakassis \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011) 363\u2013381 2011 Dimitri Nakassis Athens, Kylon, and the Dipolieia Dimitri Nakassis HE ATHENIAN FESTIVAL known as the Dipolieia or Bouphonia has been central to studies of Greek sacrifice for the past century, yet there remains little consensus on its interpretation.1 For some, the festival exposes the anxieties inherent in all Greek sacrificial practice, and by overcoming them, constitutes the strongest possible justification for sacrifice.2 Others argue that Greeks felt little anxiety about animal sacrifice, and that the Bouphonia made \u201ca distinct sym- bolic statement\u201d related to the slaughter of a particular victim, the plow ox, in a particular city, Athens, where killing this animal was formally prohibited by an annual curse.3 Contem- porary criticism of the festival has reached an impasse, as both approaches pose difficulties.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12931", "words": "6864", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kanavou, Nikoletta", "title": "Political Myth in Aristophanes: Another Form of Comic Satire?", "date": "2011", "keywords": "aristophanes; athenian; birds; city; comedy; comic; greek; heroes; kanavou; myth; new; oxford; satire; studies; theseus; war; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "A third, less prominent perspective is the substratum of myth and ritual discerned by structural analysis, which has attempted to connect comic myth with familiar rituals and mythical ar- chetypes; this is a controversial approach.4 The present paper will attempt to broaden the existing per- ception of the use of myth in Aristophanes by proposing a fourth perspective, which relates to the aforementioned ones and aims to complement them: the comic use of political myth. The comic uses of political myth discussed here form part of an ongoing project by the author. 6 For an overview of this type of myth, with examples, see J. M. Hall, \u201cPolitics and Greek Myth,\u201d in Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology 331\u2013 354.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12941", "words": "12789", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Hawkins, Cameron", "title": "Spartans and Perioikoi: The Organization and Ideology of the Lakedaimonian Army in the Fourth Century B.C.E.", "date": "2011", "keywords": "army; century; greek; hell; homoioi; hypomeiones; morai; paideia; perioikic; perioikoi; soldiers; spartans; studies; view; xenophon", "summary": "Like the ideology visible in the text of Herod- otus, the ideology expressed here seems to argue that the Spartans were superior soldiers precisely because of the way in which their nomos (instilled by the system of paideia Xenophon describes in detail earlier in the work) enhanced their collective performance when they fought together in an exclusively Spartan phalanx. Cameron Hawkins Spartans and Perioikoi: The Organization and Ideology of the Lakedaimonian Army in the Fourth Century B.C.E. Cameron Hawkins N HIS ACCOUNT of the great battle that took place at Leuktra in 371, Xenophon throws into stark relief one of Sparta\u2019s most persistent problems\u2014the impact on her army of the steady decline over the fifth and early fourth centuries in the number of the homoioi, those Spartan citizens who possessed full political rights (a problem known already to the ancients as oliganthropia).1 According to Xenophon, while the Spartans had deployed four of the six major divisions (morai) of the Lakedai- monian army at Leuktra\u2014a force amounting to something on the order of 2500 men\u2014only 700 of these were homoioi (Hell.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12951", "words": "7624", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Pelttari, Aaron", "title": "Approaches to the Writing of Greek in Late Antique Latin Texts", "date": "2011", "keywords": "approaches; augustine; ausonius; autem; century; characters; editors; est; greek; kaster; latin; letters; loan; macrobius; manuscripts; non; pelttari; quod; scribes; studies; switching; text; words; writing", "summary": "AUTHORS frequently insert Greek words into their texts, in a practice known as code-switching.1 When a Latin author switches to Greek, he may either change alphabets or engage also in character-switching, in which one language is written with letters borrowed from another.2 J. N. Adams has detailed a number of cases of character-switching in documentary sources. Does it matter whether we write Greek words in Latin letters or in Greek?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-12961", "words": "5244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Fink, Jakob Leth", "title": "Pletho\u2019s Criticism of Aristotle\u2019s Virtues: A Note on De differentiis 12", "date": "2011", "keywords": "aristotle; criticism; doctrine; greek; mean; pletho; position; studies; virtue; wicked", "summary": "But at least one of them, the anonymous compilation probably from the twelfth century, discusses different ways of interpreting the mean.15 Pletho either misrepresents, ignores, or misunderstands Aristotle here. But in his reply to Scholarios Pletho clarifies his position: what Pletho meant was that it is indeed possible to desire what ought to be desired and desire what ought not to be desired given that these are not at the same time mutually exclusive, which will be the case when they are direct opposites (as in Scholarios\u2019 objection).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13001", "words": "7488", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Edwards, Anthony T", "title": "\u0391\u0399\u0394\u03a9\u03a3 \u0394\u2019 \u039f\u03a5\u039a \u0391\u0393\u0391\u0398\u0397: Works and Days 317-319", "date": "2012", "keywords": "1\u201320; days; edwards; good; greek; hesiod; lines; prosperity; section; studies; theft; works; \u03b1\u1f30\u03b4\u1f7d\u03c2; \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03f0; \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f75", "summary": "For the view, which seems to me correct, that some or all of the lines in both the Homeric and Hesiodic contexts were adapted from preexisting proverbs, see T. A. Sinclair, \u201cOn \u03b1\u1f30\u03b4\u1f7d\u03c2 in Hesiod,\u201d CR 39 (1925) 147\u2013148, and Works 35; Hoekstra 99\u2013100; K. J. McKay, \u201cAmbivalent \u03b1\u1f30\u03b4\u1f7d\u03c2 in Hesiod,\u201d AJP 84 (1963) 17\u201327 and 303; Livrea 83\u201385; West, Commentary 236\u2013237; Cairns, Aid\u014ds 149\u2013150. Works and Days 317\u2013319 Anthony T. Edwards T WORKS AND DAYS 311\u2013326, In the midst of an exhor- tation to seek prosperity through work and not through theft, Hesiod pauses for three lines over the topic of \u03b1\u1f30\u03b4\u1f7d\u03c2 (317\u2013319): \u03b1\u1f30\u03b4\u1f7c\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03f0 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f74 \u03ba\u03f0\u03b5\u03c7\u03c1\u03f1\u03b7\u00b5\u1f73\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f04\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03f0\u03bf\u00b5\u1f77\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b1\u1f30\u03b4\u1f7d\u03c2, \u1f25 \u03c4\u2019 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1\u03c2 \u00b5\u1f73\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c3\u1f77\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f20\u03b4\u2019 \u1f40\u03bd\u1f77\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7 \u03b1\u1f30\u03b4\u1f7d\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03f1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b2\u1f77\u1fc3, \u03b8\u1f71\u03c1\u03f1\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1301", "words": "10606", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Usher, Stephen", "title": "Oratio Recta and Oratio Obliqua in Polybius", "date": "2009", "keywords": "aetolians; argument; chlaeneas; greek; lyciscus; obliqua; oratio; oratio obliqua; oratio recta; philip; polybius; recta; romans; speech; speeches; time; war", "summary": "As to the authenticity of other speeches, we have to engage in educated guesswork based on our limited knowledge of where Polybius was when they were made and in whose company, and what sources he could draw upon for those speeches.4 When he returns to the subject of speeches in 36.1.1\u20137, the history being narrated is especially susceptible to dramatic presentation: the Third Punic War, which culminated in the destruction of Carthage. The Speeches The main characteristic of the spoken word as Polybius re- ports it is his technique of beginning in indirect speech (oratio obliqua), and concluding with a passage of direct speech (oratio recta).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13011", "words": "10190", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Bednarowski, K. Paul", "title": "When the Exodos is not the End: The Closing Song of Aeschylus\u2019 Suppliants", "date": "2011", "keywords": "aegyptids; aeschylus; aphrodite; chorus; danaids; end; greek; hemichorus; johansen; marriage; men; play; song; studies; suppliants; zeus", "summary": "Another chorus, composed either of the Danaids\u2019 handmaidens or of their father\u2019s Argive bodyguards, sings here for the first time to challenge the Danaids\u2019 potentially sacrilegious view of marriage. M. Sicherl, \u201cDie Tragik der Danaiden,\u201d MusHelv 43 (1986) 81\u2013110, argues that underlying the Danaids\u2019 resistance to marriage is an oracle (attested in the scholia to the Iliad, Prometheus Bound, and Orestes, among other places), ac- cording to which Danaus was to be killed by one of his sons-in-law.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13041", "words": "9875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Democratic Freedom and the Concept of Freedom in Plato and Aristotle", "date": "2010", "keywords": "1\u201327; aristotle; citizens; concept; constitution; democracy; democratic; eleutheria; equality; form; freedom; greek; hansen; plato; polis; rule; sense; studies", "summary": "In his recent monograph Peter Liddel argues that Aristotle\u2019s description of democratic freedom in Book 6 (1317a40\u2013b17), at least in part, matches his own conception of political freedom. When that is understood in the sense of doing what one desires, rational freedom understood as self-control becomes the opposite of democratic freedom.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-131", "words": "2414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Michalopoulos, Andre", "title": "The Classical Tradition", "date": "1958", "keywords": "civilization; greek; homer; tradition; values; war; way", "summary": "That I was reared in this tradition has afforded me the greatest satisfaction in life, and I shall never forget the abbe Guerin, a humble village priest in France, who, when I was eleven years old, introduced me to the magic of Homer and Vergil by making me read them aloud in the\u00b7 original and so teaching me ancient Greek and Latin as living languages. There were of course great oriental civilizations which flourished before the time of the Greeks and from which they inherited some characteristics, as attested by an oriental strain in primitive Greek art.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1311", "words": "8017", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Berman, Daniel W.", "title": "The Landscape and Language of Korinna", "date": "2010", "keywords": "asopos; boiotian; date; dialect; epic; greek; helikon; korinna; landscape; language; page; poetry; studies", "summary": "Some have seen Korinna\u2019s use of Boiotian dialect as simply a matter of regionalism: that this is poetry merely for Boiotians, by a Boiotian. Stewart mentions also that Silanion was known for innovation in what we might term a \u201cproto-Hellenistic\u201d vein\u2014for instance he silvered the bronze on the cheeks of a statue of the dying Jocasta to indicate the pallor of death.44 If Korinna\u2019s represen- tation of topographic features, and her use of literary dialect, is any indication of poetic milieu, I suggest the middle or late fourth century just might be about right and agree with Stewart that Silanion might be a perfectly matched sculptor to create a likeness of her.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1321", "words": "5244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "S\u00e1nchez Hern\u00e1ndez, Juan Pablo", "title": "Procles the Carthaginian: A North African Sophist in Pausanias\u2019 Periegesis", "date": "2010", "keywords": "africa; argos; b.c; carthage; carthaginian; century; greece; greek; pausanias; procles; pyrrhus; roman; rome; studies; wernicke; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "But Wernicke was aware of the difficulties of including fr.1 in such a collection of sayings and deeds,16 and although the general trend of Pausanias\u2019 times was towards condensations,17 Pausanias claims to make use of a good deal ___ chief Greek sources for the life of Pyrrhus, in addition to Plutarch\u2019s life, are Diod. Sanchez \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 50 (2010) 119\u2013132 \u00a9 2010 Juan Pablo S\u00e1nchez Hern\u00e1ndez Procles the Carthaginian: A North African Sophist in Pausanias\u2019 Periegesis Juan Pablo S\u00e1nchez Hern\u00e1ndez LL THAT WE CAN READ of Procles are two fragments provided by Pausanias in his Periegesis in the second century A.D. Pausanias calls him a Carthaginian from North Africa, but his name, Procles, and his father\u2019s, Eucrates, are Greek; Pausanias does not state a title for Procles\u2019 work.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1331", "words": "8178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Niehoff, Maren R.", "title": "The Symposium of Philo\u2019s Therapeutae: Displaying Jewish Identity in an Increasingly Roman World", "date": "2010", "keywords": "95\u2013116; alexandria; commentary; context; dialogue; greek; niehoff; oxford; philo; philosophy; roman; rome; seneca; studies; symposium; therapeutae; wine", "summary": "For a different ap- proach, see P. Wendland, Philo und die kynisch-stoische Diatribe (Berlin 1895), 18\u201324, who studied Philo\u2019s polemics against other symposiasts without pay- ing attention to the dimension of the Greek Other, conjecturing instead that Philo simply copied from earlier, albeit no longer extant treatises. No space, Philo stresses, goes unnoticed without hunting for culinary specialties.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1341", "words": "9331", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Ypsilanti, Maria", "title": "Deserted Delos: A Motif of the Anthology and Its Poetic and Historical Background", "date": "2010", "keywords": "63\u201385; antipater; apollo; aratus; artemis; callimachean; callimachus; cyclades; delos; epigram; g.-p; gow; greek; hera; hymn; islands; leto; page; pholegandros; poem; studies; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "In Antipater Delos is \u1f10\u03c1\u03f1\u03b7\u00b5\u03b1\u1f77\u03b7 and suffers from \u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf- \u03c3\u1f7b\u03bd\u03b7, misery/destitution;6 Callimachus, on the contrary, had presented her negative geographical features (e.g. 4.11 \u1f04\u03c4\u03c1\u03f1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2, \u201cunmoved\u201d or \u201cunfit for cultivation,\u201d in the second sense clearly a disagreeable characteristic,7 \u1f01\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u1f75\u03be, beaten by the sea), as overcome by Apollo\u2019s protection and by her prom- inent position among the other islands (16\u201327). While in Callimachus Delos is praised for her benevolence to Leto and for her defiance of Hera, which, despite the rough weather to which the island is exposed (4.11\u201314, 25\u201326), re- sulted in her widespread fame through the birth of Apollo on her, Antipater pictures the pitiful condition into which Delos has finally fallen and explains it as due to the help she offered Leto.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13491", "words": "6131", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Soltic, Jorie; Janse, Mark", "title": "From Enclisis to Proclisis in Medieval Greek: \u03c3\u1f72 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9 and its Uses in the Chronicle of Morea", "date": "2012", "keywords": "chronicle; enclitic; greek; janse; medieval; ocps; position; proclisis; studies; verb; \u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff6; \u03bb\u1f73\u03b3\u03c9; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd", "summary": "The construction under dis- cussion consists of a second-person OCP and a first-person of a verbum dicendi: \u03c3\u1f72 \u03bb\u1f73\u03b3\u03c9, \u03c3\u1f72 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff6, and their plurals \u03c3\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03bb\u1f73\u03b3\u03c9, \u03c3\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff6. The occurrence of \u03c3\u1f72 \u03bb\u1f73\u03b3\u03c9 after an emphasized verb/clause has probably played a principal role with regard to this evolution, for instance: \u03ba\u2019 \u03b5\u1f30 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u1f75\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c3\u1f72 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff6, # \u1f00\u03c0\u1f71\u03bd\u03c9 \u00b5\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03b1\u1f77\u03c1\u03bd\u03c9 (P 6333)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1351", "words": "4313", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Martin, Gunther", "title": "Three Deletions in Euripides\u2019 Ion", "date": "2010", "keywords": "athens; creusa; delphi; euripides; greek; ion; lines; son; studies; text; xuthus; \u1f10\u03b3\u03b3\u1f7b\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd", "summary": "The sequence of events is also peculiar: first Ion stands next to his father, then Xuthus decides to back either Ion or Creusa, and only then does Creusa hate. 29\u201340 \u00a9 2010 Gunther Martin Three Deletions in Euripides\u2019 Ion Gunther Martin HE TRIMETER SECTIONS in Euripides\u2019 Ion, as scholars have noted, may contain more spurious text than has yet been identified.1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13521", "words": "8405", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Gibson, Craig A.", "title": "How (not) to learn rhetoric: Lucian\u2019s Rhetorum Praeceptor as rebuttal of a school exercise", "date": "2012", "keywords": "89\u2013110; chreia; demosthenes; dropout; education; greek; hesiod; libanius; lucian; novice; professor; rh.pr; rhetoric; road; studies; time; work", "summary": "Anderson (Lucian 41\u201342) says, \u201cThis could be a typical apothegm from the Alexander- historians, but it also embodies two essential motifs from Lucian\u2019s reper- toire. In the Rhetorum Prae- ceptor (hereafter Rh.Pr.), Lucian depicts two roads leading to rhetoric, an impossibly long and old-fashioned one (Virtue) and a comically short, easy, and disreputable one (Vice).3 Lucian\u2019s 1 On the Prodicus myth in Xenophon (=84 B 2 D.-K.) see K. J\u00f6el, Der echte und der xenophontische Sokrates II.1 (Berlin 1901) 284\u2013560; D. Sansone, \u201cHeracles at the Y,\u201d JHS 124 (2004) 125\u2013142.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13571", "words": "11613", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Pavlou, Maria", "title": "Fathers in absentia in Pindar's Epinicians", "date": "2012", "keywords": "57\u201388; absentia; aegina; alcimidas; aristocleidas; epharmostus; family; father; greek; maria; myth; nem; nemean; odes; opus; pavlou; pindar; poem; praise; pyth; relationship; studies; victory", "summary": "Apart from the Aeacidae, who are omnipresent and a stock-theme in the Aeginetan odes,58 at the very opening of the poem Pindar points to the Dorian character of Aegina (\u0394\u03c9\u03c1\u03f1\u1f77\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bd\u1fb6\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd, 3),59 53 T. Hubbard, \u201cTwo Notes on the Myth of Aeacus in Pindar,\u201d GRBS 28 (1987) 5\u201322, at 7 and n.20. 54 W. Race, Pindar II (Loeb 1997); see also E. Mandruzzato, Pindaro. \u201d20 Pindar mentions Hagesimachus (22), the boy\u2019s great-great-grandfather,21 Praxi- damas (15), his grandfather and the first Aeginetan who had a statue erected at Olympia,22 Callias (36) and Creontidas (40), most likely brothers of Praxidamas,23 while at the end of the poem there is also reference to a certain Polytimidas (62), who 18 D. Gerber, \u201cPindar, Nemean Six: A Commentary,\u201d HSPC 99 (1999) 33\u2013 91; B. W. Henry, Pindar\u2019s Nemeans: A Selection (Munich 2005) 49\u201368.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13581", "words": "7377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "Discretion: Greater than All the Virtues", "date": "2011", "keywords": "abba; day; discretion; elder; god; john; logismoi; monk; person; right; studies; time; virtues; way; wortley; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Said Abba Antony to him: \u201cSo it is too with the work of God (\u03c4\u1f78 \u1f14\u03c1\u03f1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6). [The brother goes to] \u201creport his logismoi to Abba Silvanus, for he was one of great discretion [who] poulticed [\u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u03c4\u1f73\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd] his soul", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1361", "words": "2687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "S\u00f8rensen, S\u00f8ren Lund", "title": "Eine Anspielung auf Kallimachos im 3 Makkab\u00e4erbuch", "date": "2010", "keywords": "aber; arsino\u00eb; auch; auf; das; dass; den; der; des; die; eine; hat; ist; kallimachos; makk; und; vom; von", "summary": "Anfang des Buches ist an- ders, n\u00e4mlich die Figur von Arsino\u00eb, die Schwester und (sp\u00e4ter) die Frau von Ptolemaios Philopator. Sie ist keine andere als die Tochter von Berenike II (273\u2013221 v. Chr.), die Schwester und Gattin des Ptolemaios III Euergetes (246\u2013 222 v. Chr.), auf die sich das Gedicht von Kallimachos bezieht.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13621", "words": "4506", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "S\u00e4nger, Patrick", "title": "The Administration of Sasanian Egypt: New Masters and Byzantine Continuity", "date": "2011", "keywords": "administration; archive; byzantine; egypt; greek; officials; p.oxy; persian; roman; saralaneozan; sasanian; studies; s\u00e4nger", "summary": "PATRICK S\u00c4NGER 665 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011) 653\u2013665 As a summary I give a synoptic table of the attested struc- tures of the Sasanian administration of Egypt discussed in this article.39 administrative area Persian military officials Byzantine civilian officials diocese (all Egypt) Saralaneozan (?) province Saralaneozan (sellarios of Arcadia?) sellarios of Thebais chrysones nome pagarchoi smaller areas / villages sellarioi kaballarioi ostvars vidarbads eirenarchai apaitetai September, 2011 I 164\u2013165; A. C. Johnson, L. C. West, Byzantine Egypt: Economic Studies (Princeton 1949) 174; J. Gascou, K. A. Worp, \u201cCPR VII 26: r\u00e9\u00e9dition,\u201d Tyche 3 (1988) 105 with n.14. 9", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13631", "words": "7721", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Chaplin, Janet D.", "title": "Conversations in History: Arrian and Herodotus, Parmenio and Alexander", "date": "2011", "keywords": "advice; alexander; arrian; chaplin; conversations; croesus; cyrus; greek; herodotus; history; king; parmenio; persepolis; persians; studies; time; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Finally, Arrian him- self thinks that Alexander acted thoughtlessly and that revenge 17 E. Carney, \u201cArtifice and Alexander History,\u201d in A. B. Bosworth and E. J. Baynham (eds.), Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction (Oxford 2000) 263\u2013 285, esp. As A. B. Bosworth points out, it is \u201cextraordinarily brief,\u201d with no indication that Alexander spent four months based in the Persian capital; nor does Arrian mention the Macedonian army\u2019s sack of the city.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13651", "words": "9008", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Strolonga, Polyxeni", "title": "The Foundation of the Oracle at Delphi in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo", "date": "2011", "keywords": "apollo; cult; delos; delphi; demeter; foundation; god; gods; humans; hymn; myth; oracle; poet; politics; reciprocity; serpent; studies; telphousa; temple", "summary": "While in Telphousa Apollo did not make an offer of benefits, in the episode with the Cretan priests he makes an inadequate offer, which he then modifies. Strolonga \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011) 529\u2013551 2011 Polyxeni Strolonga The Foundation of the Oracle at Delphi in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo Polyxeni Strolonga \u03bb\u1f73\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f71\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1 \u1f10\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u0394\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1f77\u03c9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f08\u03c0\u1f79\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u00b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd (Paus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13661", "words": "12625", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Juhel, Pierre", "title": "Un fant\u00f4me de l\u2019histoire hell\u00e9nistique: le \u2018district\u2019 mac\u00e9donien", "date": "2011", "keywords": "administrative; ainsi; aux; avait; avec; bien; ces; cette; cit\u00e9s; comme; dans; dans la; dans les; de la; der; des; deux; districts; d\u2019une; entre; est; fait; hatzopoulos; ici; institutions; juhel; la mac\u00e9doine; les; les sources; litt\u00e9raires; l\u2019arm\u00e9e; l\u2019on; l\u2019organisation; macedonia; mac\u00e9doine; mac\u00e9doine des; mac\u00e9donien; mais; m\u00eame; nous; par; pas; philippe; pierre; plus; pour; que; que la; que les; qui; recrutement; roi; rois; royaume; sans; selon; son; sont; sources; sous; studies; sur; tout; und; une; von; \u00e9tait; \u00e9t\u00e9", "summary": "Indiquons que le point de vue de la numismate grecque a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment suivi par K. Dahmen dans sa con- tribution \u201cThe Numismatic Evidence,\u201d du tout r\u00e9cent Companion to Ancient Macedonia 54\u201355. Non seulement constatera-t-on ici que ce sont seulement les villes qui envoient des d\u00e9putations \u00e0 Pers\u00e9e, mais encore re- marquera-t-on que, quant aux besoins logistiques d\u00e9faillants, le roi s\u2019en remettait aux cit\u00e9s et aux cit\u00e9s seules: indice suppl\u00e9- mentaire, \u00e0 notre avis, de l\u2019inexistence de la structure adminis- trative dudit \u2018district\u2019.97 Apr\u00e8s Pydna, une autre occurrence du texte livien est un in- dice encore plus frappant de l\u2019inexistence, \u00e0 notre avis, desdits \u2018districts\u2019 dans la p\u00e9riode des rois.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1371", "words": "11569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "93", "author": "Jordan, D. R.", "title": "New Greek Curse Tablets (1985\u20132000)", "date": "2000", "keywords": "bibl; b\u00e9p; curbera; curse; date; epb; greek; heintz; igds; inv; iva; jordan; ka\u2039; loc; max.pr; men; names; new; nom; ntda; prov; seg; sgd; tab; tablets; tdsg; text", "summary": "Willemsen 1990: 142\u2013143 (ph., dr.). Willemsen 1990: 143\u2013145 (ph., dr.).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13751", "words": "10031", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Burton, Joan B.", "title": "From Theocritean to Longan Bucolic: Eugenianus\u2019 Drosilla and Charicles", "date": "2012", "keywords": "684\u2013713; book; bucolic; burton; charicles; dance; description; eros; eugenianus; greek; imagery; joan; longan; longus; love; novel; pharmakon; roman; song; studies; theocritean; theocritus; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The novels of antiquity mention various pharmaka for love or grief, including sleep, embrace, and love potions.5 Eugenianus follows Longus in reaching outside ___ Tradition and Innovation in Hellenistic Poetry (Cambridge 2004) One last description of Eros highlights the interplay of be- nign and tormenting love imagery in Eugenianus\u2019 novel.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13781", "words": "13379", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Steiner, Deborah", "title": "Drowning Sorrows: Archilochus fr.13 W. in its Performance Context", "date": "2012", "keywords": "archilochus; bowie; burnett; cup; deborah; drinking; drug; epic; fr.13; greek; grief; helen; language; lines; occasion; odysseus; performance; pharmakon; poetry; poets; sea; song; sorrows; steiner; studies; symposium; wine", "summary": "490\u2013480,58 satyrs perform a variety of balancing acts using wine cups and other sympotic vessels. Sympotic poetry in the early archaic age and generic concerns The extant fragments of Archilochus include a number of works generally described as \u201cconsolatory,\u201d poems in which the speaker seems to exhort himself and/or an addressee to bear up under the throes of an affliction and the consequent grief.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13791", "words": "9541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kaldellis, Anthony", "title": "The Date of Laonikos Chalkokondyles\u2019 Histories", "date": "2012", "keywords": "111\u2013136; byzantine; date; events; greek; hasan; histories; history; jahanshah; juki; king; laonikos; matthias; ottoman; passage; son; studies; time; writing; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "As with the end of the Hundred Years\u2019 War, Laonikos must have received and recorded this 16 For this passage in general see S. Vryonis, \u201cLaonikos Chalkokondyles and the Ottoman Budget,\u201d IJMES 7 (1976) 423\u2013432. Kaldellis \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 111\u2013136 2012 Anthony Kaldellis The Date of Laonikos Chalkokondyles\u2019 Histories Anthony Kaldellis NLY TWO SUGGESTIONS have ever been made regard- ing when Laonikos stopped working on his Histories (\u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u1f77\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f39\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03f1\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd), whose narrative peters out in the opening phases of the first great Venetian-Ottoman war, specifically in 1463\u20131464.1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13801", "words": "3297", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Koukouzika, Demetra; Manolessou, Io", "title": "There and back again: Callimachus Epigr. 31 and the (Greek) Renaissance", "date": "2012", "keywords": "ariosto; callimachus; cretan; greek; hare; horace; hunter; literature; motif; renaissance; studies; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b9", "summary": "A hitherto unnoticed intertextual relationship between Cretan Renaissance drama on the one hand and Ariosto\u2019s Orlando Furioso (1532) on the other is identified, thus adding one more piece to the elaborate mosaic which is Italian influence on the literature of the Cretan Renaissance.1 Last but not least, the literary function of the motif in various contexts, literary genres, and historical periods is evaluated. KoMa \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 137\u2013146 2012 Demetra Koukouzika and Io Manolessou There and back again: Callimachus Epigr. 31 and the (Greek) Renaissance Demetra Koukouzika and Io Manolessou HE PRESENT PAPER investigates the history of a famous Callimachean motif, with a view to examining the ways in which an Alexandrian theme returns to Greek poetry, almost unchanged, after seventeen centuries, through the medium of Roman poetry and Renaissance Italian lit- erature.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1381", "words": "5458", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Wickkiser, Bronwen L.", "title": "A Monologue of New Comedy on the Athenian Stage (PCG VIII 1001)", "date": "2010", "keywords": "acropolis; asklepieion; asklepios; athens; century; comedy; dionysus; greek; menander; monologue; studies; theater; vision", "summary": "And many theaters in the Greek world afforded a view of the acropolis from the vantage point of its actors, given that theaters were typically built into the slope of a hill, often the same hill that led to the acropolis (e.g. Messene, Corinth, Pergamon). In addition to these ritual and spatial links between the sanctuaries of Dionysus and Asklepios, it is remarkable that in no other ancient city did all three monuments\u2014acropolis, theater, and sanctuary of Asklepios\u2014lie in such close prox- imity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13901", "words": "9908", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Jim, Theodora Suk Fong", "title": "The Vocabulary of Offerings in Ancient Greece", "date": "2012", "keywords": "310\u2013337; aeschylus; b.c; century; fong; gift; gods; greek; hair; jim; lsj; naming; offering; oxford; s.v; sacrifice; seg; studies; suk; thank; theodora; victory; word; \u03b6\u03c9\u1f71\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Greek religious offerings could take many forms. Aeschylus alone provides us with three words for religious offerings ending in -\u03c4\u1f75\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 or -\u03c4\u1f75\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1.94", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1391", "words": "11065", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Shiffman, Mark", "title": "Erotic Wisdom and the Socratic Vocation in Plutarch\u2019s Platonic Question 1", "date": "2010", "keywords": "243\u2013271; divine; god; greek; opinion; plato; plutarch; practice; question; socrates; studies; truth; vocation; wisdom", "summary": "Two of these works are dialogues in which characters other than Plutarch invoke recollection tangentially to some other point they are making.29 In The Dialogue on Love, Plutarch as character, in his speech in praise of the god Eros, recasts material from Socrates\u2019 Palinode in the Phaedrus to describe the experience of love\u2014especially its power to \u201cconduct the soul to the Plain of Truth\u201d (765A) and to lead us to discover in the 28 T 244 EROTIC WISDOM AND THE SOCRATIC VOCATION \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 50 (2010) 243\u2013271 tradition in that he \u201cattached great value to the zetetic and aporetic approach\u201d of the Academics, nevertheless sets out to examine Plutarch\u2019s meditation on Socrates in Platonic Question 1 in order to \u201cstudy the way in which Plutarch incorporated Aca- demic themes in his brand of Platonism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13941", "words": "11645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kucharski, Janek", "title": "Vindictive Prosecution in Classical Athens", "date": "2012", "keywords": "athenian; athens; case; dem; enmity; hansen; kucharski; law; litigation; lys; osborne; prosecution; public; revenge; rubinstein; speeches; studies", "summary": "To the latter the recent debate on the criminalization of withdrawing public prosecutions is highly relevant, cf. \u201d14 Norms and numbers There are in total thirty-one preserved (at least in con- siderable amount) public prosecution speeches.15 Of these, five explicitly or implicitly deny any suggestions of personal en- mity.16", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13951", "words": "3255", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Nigdelis, Pantelis M.", "title": "A New Procurator Augusti in the Province of Macedonia", "date": "2012", "keywords": "greek; height; inscription; line; procurator; studies; thessaloniki; upper", "summary": "For the variety of abbreviated forms of the word in Latin inscriptions for im- perial freedmen, see Weaver, Familia Caesaris 72 ff. A PANTELIS M. NIGDELIS 199 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 198\u2013207 PLATE 1: Inscription from Thessaloniki 200 A NEW PROCURATOR AUGUSTI \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 198\u2013207 A. [ - - ca.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13961", "words": "9081", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kaldellis, Anthony", "title": "The Interpolations in the Histories of Laonikos Chalkokondyles", "date": "2012", "keywords": "account; amiroutzes; angelos; david; digression; fall; greek; histories; history; interpolations; interpolator; laonikos; mehmed; passage; roman; studies; text; trebizond; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "264 INTERPOLATIONS IN THE HISTORIES OF LAONIKOS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 259\u2013283 brief but unsupported observation, we can add that that ac- count is marked by Laonikos\u2019 Hellenist view of Byzantium and Trebizond, especially in Mahmud\u2019s speech to Georgios Ami- routzes and in the author\u2019s own concluding remarks, which are vintage Laonikos (248.17\u201323): \u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f11\u1f71\u03bb\u03c9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u039a\u1f79\u03bb\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u1f7d\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u1f7b\u00b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6 \u1f10\u03b3\u1f73\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf, \u1f21\u03b3\u03b5\u00b5\u03bf\u03bd\u1f77\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7 \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u1f75\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c2 Bibliography on Laonikos will be cited below as ap- propriate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-13971", "words": "5202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Lauritzen, Frederick", "title": "Pagan Energies in Maximus the Confessor: The Influence of Proclus on Ad Thomam 5", "date": "2012", "keywords": "byzantine; christ; confessor; dionysius; divine; energies; energy; human; maximus; nature; power; proclus; studies; thomam; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "Maximus\u2019 adoption of energy to define the activity of Christ depended on Dionysius the Areopagite, but his interpretation of a divine power and human energy was based on Proclus\u2019 view of the nature of energy or power. Maximus\u2019 adoption of such a strategy is clarified by his distinction of a divine power and human energy (Ad Thomam 5.127\u2013133): \u03b5\u1f30 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u1f77\u03c2, \u03b5\u1f50\u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u1ff6\u03c2 \u1f41\u00b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u1f74 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f67\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f67\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f15\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bd \u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u1f74\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019 \u1f04\u00b5\u03c6\u03c9 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b5\u1f34\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u1ff6\u03c2, \u00b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03c2 \u1f24\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u1f11\u03bd\u03bf- \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u1ff6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03ca\u03ba\u1fc7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u00b5\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14041", "words": "4582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Nassar, Mohammad; Turshan, Nizar", "title": "Plant Mosaics in the Church at Ya\u1ffeamun", "date": "2012", "keywords": "church; fig; greek; mosaics; piccirillo; pomegranate; red; studies; ya\u1ffeamun", "summary": "This pattern is found in mosaics in other churches in Jordan in the Byzantine period; for example, in the Memorial of Moses-Diakonikon at Mount Nebo (530).51 There the grapes and interlaced frame are in black, yellow, and dark red, against a white background, but the interlaced lines are without the looped bands seen at Ya\u1ffeamun. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2012) 208\u2013225 Costanza), of the second quarter of the fourth century.25 Grapevines decorated the floors of many churches in Jordan, and especially in scroll form, and also within geometric motifs, both of which we find at Ya\u1ffeamun.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14081", "words": "10429", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Buxton, Richard Fernando", "title": "Instructive Irony in Herodotus: The Socles Scene", "date": "2012", "keywords": "559\u2013586; allies; athenian; athens; freedom; greek; herodotus; hippias; histories; irony; persian; power; scene; self; socles; sparta; spartans; speech; studies; tyranny; war; \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1", "summary": "The imagery and language recur later in Herodotus\u2019 only direct mention of Pericles, the emblematic figure of imperial Athens. Indeed, the connection between the contexts of 5.78 and the Socles scene is reinforced through the use of the verb \u03b1\u1f50\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 in the passive to describe the post-Pisistratid flourishing of Athens by both He- rodotus and the Spartans.33 The verb, moreover, is clearly a marked term for Herodotus, since it is also used to describe the growth of Cypselus after he evades assassination (5.92\u03b5.1), and thus like the lion portent supplies another verbal link between Socles\u2019 tyrants and imperial Athens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-141", "words": "9626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Conley, Thomas M.", "title": "John Italos\u2019 Methodos Rhetorik\u00ea: Text and Commentary", "date": "2004", "keywords": "alexander; aristotle; conley; dialectic; e\u2030nai; g\u00e5r; htorik\u00f8; italos; john; ka\u2039; methodos; m\u00a2n; nvn; ofl; per\u2039; pr\u00faw; rhetoric; t \u00b0; t!w; to\u00eb; to\u203aw; t\u00abn; t\u00f8n; t\u00fan; walz; \u00e9ll\u00e5; \u0131mo\u00eb", "summary": "po\u203aa ta\u00cbta ka\u2039 \u00a7n t\u00a4ni t\u00da xalep\u00dan \u00b6xei ka\u2039 t\u00a4na pr\u00da ta\u00cathw efid\u00b0nai \u00d9fe\u00a4lomen ka\u2039 t\u00a4w # t\u00e3jiw, $n \u00a7n ta\u203aw logika\u203aw \u00b6xei \u00a7pist\u00c6maiw, ka\u2039 \u00a7p\u2039 p\u00e7si t\u00a4 t\u00da k\u00e3lliston t!w prokeim\u00b0nhw dun\u00e3mevw, \u2026w \u00edn \u00a7k to\u00catvn yevrhye\u00a4h t!w paro\u00cashw pragmate\u00a4aw \u0131 skop\u00daw", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1411", "words": "9575", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Ready, Jonathan L.", "title": "Why Odysseus Strings His Bow", "date": "2010", "keywords": "agamemnon; basileus; bow; greek; guest; homeric; household; iliad; jonathan; lyre; odysseus; odyssey; people; poet; ready; simile; singer; strings; studies", "summary": "Two other times in the poem characters liken Odysseus to a singer. The other passage that refers to knowledgeable craftsmen is at Il. 10.265: the boar\u2019s tusk helmet that Odysseus dons was made \u201cwell and knowledgeably\u201d (\u03b5\u1f56 \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u00b5\u1f73\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14131", "words": "10383", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Anagnostopoulos, Thalia", "title": "Aristotle and Byzantine Iconoclasm", "date": "2013", "keywords": "763\u2013790; aristotle; art; byzantium; century; christian; council; greek; iconoclasm; iconophile; icons; images; john; nikephoros; patriarch; period; studies; theodore", "summary": "With few exceptions, which will be discussed below, the Council of 787, organized and led by Patriarch Tarasios, emphasized the idea that sacred images were beneficial forms of painting, due to their mimetic value.21 Thus, the Acta at- tempt to distinguish superficially between the aims of pagan and Christian images: \u201cThe idea, therefore, and the tradition are theirs, not the painter\u2019s. The following will suggest that Iconophile image theory in the ninth century cannot be appreciated fully by speculating ___ view of a scholastic approach: Brubaker and Haldon, Byzantium in the Icono- clast Era\u2026A History 374\u2013375; Cholij, Theodore the Stoudite 20; Parry, Depicting the Word 54; Lemerle, Byzantine Humanism 152\u2013153; C. Mango, \u201cGreek Cul- ture in Palestine after the Arab Conquest,\u201d in Scritture, libri, e testi nelle aree pro- vinciali di Bisanzio (Spoleto 1991) 150.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14191", "words": "5694", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hall, Alexander E. W.", "title": "Dating the Homeric Hymn to Selene: Evidence and Implications", "date": "2012", "keywords": "15\u201330; date; empedocles; greek; helios; homeric; hymn; language; light; selene; studies", "summary": "In other Homeric Hymns we even find such requests connected to the subsequent performance. 15\u201330 implications for our understanding of the Hymn to Selene spe- cifically and the Homeric Hymn collection as a whole.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1421", "words": "8363", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Venticinque, Philip F.", "title": "Family Affairs: Guild Regulations and Family Relationships in Roman Egypt", "date": "2010", "keywords": "273\u2013294; a.d; associations; craftsmen; drachmas; economic; egypt; families; family; greek; group; guild; members; membership; p.mich; roman; studies; venticinque; weavers", "summary": "V 243 also seem to suggest the continued importance of the family as a unit, and the role that a guild attempted to play in protecting that cohesion, which lies at the heart of relationships between guild members. This might be the logic behind the salt-merchants\u2019 decision to also punish those who failed to fulfill \u201cpublic obligations\u201d ([\u00b5]\u03b7\u0323\u0300 [\u1f00]\u03bd\u0323\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5- \u03c1\u03f1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u1f71 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u00b5\u03bf\u03c3\u1f77\u03c9\u03bd) or other public claims by allowing their guild president to arrest the offending party wherever he is found.27 Attention to the family composition of guilds and the im- portance of creating and maintaining bonds of trust between guild members brings the provisions aimed at intrigue or cor- ruption of the home into finer focus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14231", "words": "10195", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Prieto-Dom\u00ednguez, Oscar", "title": "On the Founder of the Skripou Church: Literary Trends in the Milieu of Photius", "date": "2013", "keywords": "basil; byzantine; century; christian; church; constantinople; dom\u00ednguez; founder; greek; heracles; homeric; inscriptions; lauxtermann; leo; oikonomid\u00e8s; oscar; patriarch; photius; poem; poetry; prieto; protospatharios; skripou; skripou church; studies; virgin; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "T OSCAR PRIETO-DOM\u00cdNGUEZ 167 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 166\u2013191 The church walls bear four inscriptions: the first is a single line along the apse, commending the souls of Leo and his fam- ily to the Virgin.3 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 166\u2013191 The construction of the church of Skripou also must be understood as a status symbol: a provincial man like Leo, who had been successful at court, wished to show off his personal wealth and his closeness to the emperor before his Boeotian countrymen.12 This explains the repetition of his titles in all the inscriptions, which were placed low to make reading easier.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14271", "words": "11555", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Niehoff, Maren R.", "title": "Philo and Plutarch as Biographers: Parallel Responses to Roman Stoicism", "date": "2012", "keywords": "alcibiades; biographers; biography; character; circumstances; context; greek; heroes; life; lives; maren; moses; niehoff; philo; plutarch; roman; rome; self; studies", "summary": "Niehoff \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 361\u2013392 2012 Maren R. Niehoff Philo and Plutarch as Biographers: Parallel Responses to Roman Stoicism Maren R. Niehoff LUTARCH\u2019S ACHIEVEMENT as a biographer has often been appreciated as a highly innovative development of ancient Aristotelian models.1 His famous portrayal of characters is indeed remarkable and clearly superior to the rather more schematic presentation of national heroes by Nepos, who has sometimes been drawn into the discussion as Plutarch\u2019s closest predecessor.2 In this article I would like to introduce Philo of Alexandria as a significant precursor, who has been largely overlooked thus far, probably because he dealt with Biblical rather than Greco-Roman heroes.3 Despite this difference in their choice of protagonists, Philo and Plutarch re- 1 See esp. 3 Consider two important yet only partial exceptions: L. H. Feldman, Philo\u2019s Portrayal of Moses in the Context of Ancient Judaism (Notre Dame 2007) 19\u201327, identifies Philo as a significant biographer before Plutarch, but does not yet provide an overall analysis of the two.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14281", "words": "8205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Eckerman, Christopher C.", "title": "Was Epinician Poetry Performed at Panhellenic Sanctuaries?", "date": "2012", "keywords": "bacchylides; ceos; epinician; evidence; gelzer; greek; line; ode; odes; performance; pindar; poetry; sanctuaries; site; site performance; studies; victor", "summary": "43 M. M. Willcock, Pindar, Victory Odes: Olympians, 2, 7, and 11, Nemean 4, Isthmians 3, 4, and 7 (Cambridge 1995) 55. 44 As Felson notes,55 if ocular deictics once anchored an ode by pointing to the site and occasion of its first performance, such deictics\u2014together, in the case of victory odes, with the naming of the victor, his ___ mance 49\u201369; Carey, in Pindar\u2019s Poetry, Patrons, and Festivals 199\u2013210; Morri- son, Performances and Audiences 11\u201319.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14291", "words": "10504", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Iglesias-Zoido, J. Carlos", "title": "Thucydides in the School Rhetoric of the Imperial Period", "date": "2012", "keywords": "aristides; context; declamations; example; general; greek; history; iglesias; passages; period; process; progymnasmata; rhetoric; school; speeches; studies; theon; thucydides; work; zoido", "summary": "This same confrontation, as a source of rhetorical speeches, was already present in the pro- gymnasmata by Theon, where he quotes as a model of a credible account that given by Thucydides on the first confrontation 62 Amato and Sauterel, in Clio 48 n.8. This also should be seen in relation to the opinions of authors like Cicero or Quin- tilian concerning Thucydides\u2019 speeches, that they would be useful from the viewpoint of content and ideas, but should not be imitated in terms of style.50 These declamations make evident the admiration that Ari- stides felt for the Athenian historian\u2019s speeches, an admiration which he displays quite clearly throughout his writings and which became fundamental to some of his compositions.51 Some of Thucydides\u2019 important speeches served as excuses for the creation of other rhetorical declamations, such as For Peace 48 Cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14301", "words": "5691", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Lafl\u0131, Erg\u00fcn; Buora, Maurizio; Mastrocinque, Attilio", "title": "A New Osiriform Lamp from Antioch in the Hatay Archaeological Museum", "date": "2012", "keywords": "antioch; bronze; buora; century; god; greek; isis; lamp; magic; mastrocinque; museum; new; osiriform; osiris; rome; snake; studies", "summary": "Monuments pharaoniques d\u00e9- couverts r\u00e9cemment \u00e0 Alexandrie,\u201d 7\u201319; P. Gallo, \u201cGli aegyptiaca della colonia romana di Luni,\u201d in Atti del convegno Archeologia nei territori Apuo- Versiliese e Modenese-Reggiano (Modena 1994) 67\u201387; S. Francocci, \u201cNew Data on the \u2018Osiriform\u2019 Lamps,\u201d G\u00f6ttinger Miszellen 186 (2002) 37\u201342. According to tradition they were golden and dark.10 5 J. Perlzweig, Lamps from the Athenian Agora (Agora Picture Book 9 [Prince- ton 1963]) 24, no. 58.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1431", "words": "5181", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Wilkinson, Kevin W.", "title": "Some Neologisms in the Epigrams of Palladas", "date": "2010", "keywords": "anth.pal; century; christian; constantine; epigram; greek; latin; neologisms; new; palladas; studies; wilkinson; word", "summary": "On two other occasions, Palladas uses Christian words that were new in the early fourth century. Wilk \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 50 (2010) 295\u2013308 \u00a9 2010 Kevin W. Wilkinson Some Neologisms in the Epigrams of Palladas Kevin W. Wilkinson ALLADAS OF ALEXANDRIA can lay claim to being the last major writer of Greek scoptic epigram.1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14311", "words": "11088", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Maslov, Boris", "title": "The Limits of Platonism: Gregory of Nazianzus and the Invention of the\u014dsis", "date": "2012", "keywords": "body; christian; concept; divine; divinization; doctrine; god; greek; gregory; human; limits; maslov; nature; nazianzus; notion; oikei\u014dsis; platonism; self; soul; studies; term; the\u014dsis; use; world; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "As earlier, the defining feature of Christian divinization is the absence of self-interest, which is made possible by oikei\u014dsis, that is, by redrawing the boundary of the self in a way that implies identification with the divine.15 In contrast to the familiar Platonic idea of assimilation to the divine, Gregory\u2019s divinization does not involve rejection of human nature, in its embodied state, as irrevocably corrupt. maslov \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 440\u2013468 2012 Boris Maslov The Limits of Platonism: Gregory of Nazianzus and the Invention of the\u014dsis Boris Maslov I. Introduction: Genealogies of divinization HE CONCEPT of the\u014dsis (divinization or deification) of the human, which originated in Greek patristic thought, gained a peculiar prominence in the Christian East.1 This is often remarked upon, and recent work on the\u014dsis has clarified the significance of this term in Greek patristic authors; its provenance in the preceding philosophical tradition, how- ever, remains opaque.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14321", "words": "8463", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Roskam, Geert", "title": "Two Controversial Passages in Damascius (In Phd. I 275\u2013292 and II 28)", "date": "2012", "keywords": "469\u2013492; argument; commentary; damascius; discussion; extracts; fragments; greek; phaedo; plutarch; proclus; recollection; studies; work", "summary": "This conclusion, however, immediately entails another difficult question: Damascius I (fr.215\u2013216) obviously shows exactly the opposite structure of Damascius II (fr.217): 23 The composition of the other list (Damascius II), 482 TWO CONTROVERSIAL PASSAGES IN DAMASCIUS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 469\u2013492 implications: (1) In neither list is the order arbitrary,25 as it reflects respectively the original structure of the source and the didactic systematisation by Damascius.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14331", "words": "5902", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "N\u00fcnlist, Ren\u00e9", "title": "Homer as a Blueprint for Speechwriters: Eustathius\u2019 Commentaries and Rhetoric", "date": "2012", "keywords": "493\u2013509; der; eustathius; greek; homeric; note; passage; progymnasmata; studies; valk; van; words; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9", "summary": "While this general problem still awaits a satisfactory solution, the present article will have shown that Eustathius time and again calls his readers\u2019 attention to Homeric passages that are suitable to creative reuse in their own speeches. Given the large number of Homeric passages that Eustathius singles out as possible models for speechwriters, the question might arise whether he envisages his readers to write something like a cento; this, however, is not the case.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14391", "words": "11290", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Pavlou, Maria", "title": "Bacchylides 17: Singing and Usurping the Paean", "date": "2012", "keywords": "510\u2013539; apollo; athenians; athens; bacchylides; century; cult; dance; delos; delphinios; dithyramb; dolphins; geranos; greek; hymn.hom.ap; nereids; ode; paean; poem; poseidon; singing; studies; theseus", "summary": "Ap. was actually inscribed on a whitened tablet for public view on Delos.48 Let us turn to the significance of Apollo Delphinios for Athens and his relation, if any, to Theseus. Also associated with Apollo Delphinios was Theseus\u2019 capture of the bull of Marathon:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1441", "words": "9693", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Iglesias-Zoido, J. C.", "title": "The Pre-Battle Speeches of Alexander at Issus and Gaugamela", "date": "2010", "keywords": "alexander; arrian; battle; commanders; curtius; exhortation; gaugamela; greek; historians; historiography; iglesias; speeches; studies; style; troops; zoido", "summary": "Such speeches are of interest to historians as they provide insights into the different motivational factors to which soldiers reacted at crucial battles.5 Above all, however, pre-battle speeches are a privileged example of the influence of rhetoric on ancient historiography, since the presentation of the general\u2019s words before a battle provided an excellent op- portunity to apply historians\u2019 rhetorical training.6 In our opinion, rhetoric and historiography went together in the ancient world. T1 (I.S.) 4.14.8\u201326: Darius\u2019 pre-battle speech to his troops.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14421", "words": "10728", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Floridi, Lucia", "title": "Greek Skoptic Epigram and \u2018Popular\u2019 Literature: Anth.Gr. XI and the Philogelos", "date": "2012", "keywords": "andreassi; anth.gr; anthology; character; death; doctor; epigram; facezie; floridi; greek; idea; jokes; literature; lucia; lucillius; miser; order; philogelos; point; scheme; similarities; structure; studies; texts; \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "The aim of this paper is to explore these points of contact, concentrating in particular on two aspects: (1) thematic analo- gies between Greek skoptic epigrams and popular ancient ___ 1998) While one of the main features of popular literature is, as Hansen puts it, \u201cstraightforwardness, the con- trary of subtlety and indirection\u201d (xiv), so that a certain content is expressed regardless of style, in skoptic epigram not only the object, but also the mode of representation is very important.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14441", "words": "634", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Spyridakis, Stylianos", "title": "Circus Factions in Sixth-Century Crete", "date": "1967", "keywords": "century; crete; factions", "summary": "M. Guarducci, a student of Halbherr, published it in her monumental edition of the Cretan inscriptions and dated it in the sixth century.1 The importance of this document, which provides the only evidence for the existence of circus factions in Crete, has hitherto gone un\u00ad noticed. Q. Metellus, the conqueror of Crete, destroyed Cnossus, the traditional Cretan antagonist of Gonyn.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14491", "words": "11314", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Nuti, Erika", "title": "Reconsidering Renaissance Greek Grammars through the Case of Chrysoloras\u2019 Erotemata", "date": "2013", "keywords": "byzantine; century; chrysoloras; compendium; copy; erotemata; grammars; greek; greek grammars; guarinian; guarino; lascaris; manuscript; original; renaissance; renaissance greek; rollo; studies; teaching; text; version; western", "summary": "It is likely that this copy was owned by the famous humanist Giorgio Valla, Lascaris\u2019 Milanese pupil and later teacher of Greek, whose collection of Greek texts is preserved almost intact in the library of Modena. Early humanists were inter- ested in Greek texts only because they were tools for better understanding Latin literature and history, a pattern traced by Petrarch and later followed by Bruni.56 Therefore, during this period grammars were not supposed to be difficult or complex.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14501", "words": "9690", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Soltic, Jorie", "title": "Late Medieval Greek \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd: A Discourse Marker Signalling Topic Switch", "date": "2013", "keywords": "adverbs; brinton; byzantine; discourse; dms; examples; greek; information; initial; jorie; language; lexical; lmg; markers; meaning; medieval; pronouns; roman; studies; topic; word; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd", "summary": "More spe- cifically, I will argue that non-initial \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd can be considered a topic switch marker, as it tends to follow topicalized, i.e. known or at least derivable, information, such as pronouns, demon- strative adverbs and adjectives like \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 (\u2018another\u2019). Adverb 64 Verb 52 Adjective 41 Conjunction61 31 Preposition 1 TABLE 3: Lexical word class of the word before non-initial \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd Especially the classification according to lexical word class is revealing: more than a quarter of the words before non-initial \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd (88/351) are pronouns, either personal pronouns such as \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7d or demonstrative pronouns of an anaphoric (i.e. pointing back) nature such as \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1451", "words": "6584", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Bosman, Philip R.", "title": "The Gymnosophist Riddle Contest (Berol. P. 13044): A Cynic Text?", "date": "2010", "keywords": "alexander; clothing; contest; dandamis; gift; greek; onesicritus; papyrus; question; riddle; scene; studies; wilcken", "summary": "Wilcken 163; G. Zuntz, \u201cZu Alexanders Gespr\u00e4ch mit den Gymnosophisten,\u201d Hermes 87 (1959) 436\u2013440; H. van Thiel, \u201cAlexander\u2019s Gespr\u00e4ch mit den Gymnosophisten,\u201d Hermes 100 (1972) 343\u2013346; J. R. Hamilton, Plutarch Alexander: A Commentary (Oxford 1969) 179; Stoneman, JHS 115 (1995) 111. Alexander Historians and the Alexander Romance,\u201d JHS 115 (1995) 99\u2013 114, at 110.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14511", "words": "13402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kremmydas, Christos", "title": "The Discourse of Deception and Characterization in Attic Oratory", "date": "2013", "keywords": "aeschines; athenian; audience; category; characterization; christos; context; deception; demosthenes; discourse; forensic; greek; kremmydas; opponent; orators; people; philip; prosecution; public; speaker; speeches; studies; topoi; use; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "The \u2018mechanics\u2019 of deception and characterization The reality of rhetorical deception is regularly referred to by public speakers as a fact of civic life. Recurrent expressions disclaiming deception, denouncing the opponent\u2019s deception, or describing the demos\u2019 past dealings with deceptive orators (anti-deception topoi) abound in the orators and demonstrate diversity in terms of their wording, intensity, and intended effect as they are employed in different rhetorical contexts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14521", "words": "9929", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Cullhed, Eric", "title": "Movement and Sound on the Shield of Achilles in Ancient Exegesis", "date": "2014", "keywords": "achilles; aristonicus; arms; cullhed; der; description; ekphrasis; eric; eustathios; fiction; figures; hephaestus; homer; iliad; living; movement; schol; scholia; shield; sound; studies; way; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "Cullhed \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 192\u2013219 2014 Eric Cullhed Movement and Sound on the Shield of Achilles in Ancient Exegesis Eric Cullhed HE MODE OF EXPRESSION employed by Homer in his description of the shield of Achilles (Il. 18.478\u2013608) has been subject to intense discussions throughout the modern era. This is largely due to the influence of the great renaissance literary theorist Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484\u20131558), who in his comparison between Homer and Virgil in the fifth book of his Poetice designated the shield as one of the strongest arguments for the decided superiority of the Roman poet.1 What bothered Scaliger were mainly the exuberant effects of movement and sound in the Homeric passage.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14541", "words": "7402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Burges Watson, Sarah", "title": "Muses of Lesbos or (Aeschylean) Muses of Pieria? Orpheus\u2019 Head on a Fifth-century Hydria", "date": "2013", "keywords": "aeschylus; apollo; century; dionysos; greek; head; hydria; lesbos; linos; mousaios; muses; orpheus; pieria; story; studies; vase", "summary": "\u201cOrpheus\u201d also says that Orpheus was the student of Linos (= Linus 59aT.II); elsewhere, however, the Suda makes Linos Orpheus\u2019 great-grandfather (s.v. 440 and may be the earliest representation of the story that Orpheus\u2019 head remained articulate after his decapitation by Thracian women.1 Reaching down to the head, which looks up at him from a crevice in a rock, is a bearded man wearing a laurel crown, with a cloak slung over his shoulder.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14581", "words": "5289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Gansten, Martin", "title": "Balbillus and the Method of aphesis", "date": "2012", "keywords": "balbillus; destroyer; greek; life; mars; method; ptolemy; starter; sun", "summary": "In conclusion, we see that Neugebauer and Van Hoesen, as well as more recent authors building on their work, failed to grasp three major points of Balbillus\u2019 astrological method in determining the length of life from starter and destroyer. Rising times were expressed in equa- torial degrees, each degree symbolically corresponding to one year in the life of the subject of the nativity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14591", "words": "2156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Afanas\u2019eva, Tatyana I.; Ivanov, Sergey A.", "title": "Unexpected Evidence concerning Gold Mining in Early Byzantium", "date": "2013", "keywords": "byzantine; gold; greek; liturgy; mines; roman", "summary": "This can be illustrated by im- perial decrees: an edict of Valentinian and Valens in 369 regulated forced labor in gold mining (Cod. TATYANA I. AFANAS\u2019EVA AND SERGEY A. IVANOV 143 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 138\u2013144 est imperial decrees concerning gold mining.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1461", "words": "8077", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Dale, Alexander", "title": "Lyric Epigrams in Meleager\u2019s Garland, the Anthologia Palatina, and the Anthologia Planudea", "date": "2010", "keywords": "anth.pal; cameron; cephalas; epigrams; garland; meleager; meleagrian; michael; studies; vii; xiii", "summary": "Dale \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 50 (2010) 193\u2013213 \u00a9 2010 Alexander Dale Lyric Epigrams in Meleager\u2019s Garland, the Anthologia Palatina, and the Anthologia Planudea Alexander Dale ELEAGER\u2019S GARLAND, it has often been suggested, contained, in addition to the many hundreds of elegiac epigrams that we can ascribe to that col- lection, a small but significant number of non-elegiac, and specifically lyric, epigrams that were transmitted through the centuries to end up in the Anthology of Constantine Cephalas, whence they found their way into the Palatine Anthology, the main source for our knowledge of Greek epigram from the Classical to Byzantine periods.1 In the following analysis I ar- gue that there is little if any evidence for the inclusion of non- elegiac epigrams in Meleager, a thesis which if accepted would have implications not only for the transmission of the text of the epigrams in question, but also for the issue of generic classi- fication and the formal features of epigram in the time leading 1 E.g. Cameron 13; E. Magnelli, \u201cMeter and Diction: From Refinement to Mannerism,\u201d in P. Bing and J. S. Bruss (eds.), Brill\u2019s Companion to Hellenistic Epigram (Leiden 2007) That being said, the cumulative weight of evidence strongly suggests that Meleager limited himself solely to elegiac epigrams, and that the few non-elegiac epigrams by Meleagrian authors that we do find in Anth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14635", "words": "10536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Xenophontos, Sophia", "title": "Comedy in Plutarch\u2019s Parallel Lives", "date": "2012", "keywords": "603\u2013631; antony; cicero; comedy; demetrius; demosthenes; fabius; greek; hero; invective; life; lives; minucius; mockery; parallel; pericles; plutarch; roman; soldier; stratocles; studies; xenophontos; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "At the beginning of Fabius Plutarch resorts again to nick- names. In Pericles Plutarch makes more extensive use of comic citations than in any other Life.27", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14637", "words": "5916", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "al-Muheisen, Zeidoun; Nassar, Mohammad", "title": "The Second Church at Yasileh in Jordan and its Mosaics", "date": "2012", "keywords": "byzantine; church; fig; jordan; mosaics; northern; wall; yasileh", "summary": "Second, comparison with other churches in Jordan suggests that the church could have had an apsidal niche; but it is difficult to reconstruct the original plan of this part of the church owing to destruction of the mosaic pavement and most of the foundations. MuhNass \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 661\u2013683 2012 Zeidoun al-Muheisen and Mohammad Nassar The Second Church at Yasileh in Jordan and its Mosaics Zeidoun al-Muheisen and Mohammad Nassar ASILEH IN NORTHERN JORDAN has two churches from the Byzantine period, both located on the western bank of the Wadi Yasileh, an important site nine km.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14639", "words": "9335", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Philippides, Marios", "title": "Tears of the Great Church: The Lamentation of Santa Sophia", "date": "2012", "keywords": "athens; byzantine; century; church; constantine; constantinople; dominant; emperor; fall; fauriel; greek; isidore; line; marios; patriarch; philippides; poem; pouqueville; pusculo; santa; sophia; studies; union; version; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03db", "summary": "Cf. D. A. Zakythinos, \u201c\u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u1f74\u03bb \u0392\u1ffd \u1f41 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9- \u03bf\u03bb\u1f79\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u1f71\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f38\u03c3\u1f77\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03a0\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03bd\u1f75\u03c3\u1ff3,\u201d in M\u00e9langes offerts \u00e0 Octave et Melpo Merlier III (Athens 1957) 45\u201369; V. Laurent, \u201cIsidore de Kiev et la m\u00e9tropole de Monembasie,\u201d REByz 17 (1959) 150\u2013157; J. W. Barker, Manuel II Palaeologus (1391\u20131425): A Study in Late Byzantine Statesmanship (New Brunswick 1969) 525\u2013526; and K. M. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II (Philadelphia 1976) 3\u20134 n.5. \u201c\u03a4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03c5\u00b5\u03c0\u1f73\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u00b5\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u1f00\u00b5\u03c6\u1f79\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03b4\u03b7\u00b5\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u1f77\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f73\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f10\u03b3\u1f73\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u2026 \u1f00\u03bd\u1f75\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u2026 \u03b5\u1f30\u03db \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u1f77\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039b\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u1f71\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u201d (33).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14641", "words": "10149", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Kaldellis, Anthony", "title": "The Greek Sources of Laonikos Chalkokondyles\u2019 Histories", "date": "2012", "keywords": "anthony; bruni; byzantine; chalkokondyles; events; fact; greek; gregoras; histories; history; information; kaldellis; laonikos; manuel; nastase; oration; parallels; plethon; sources; studies; turks; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "It is curious to observe that Nicoloudis, Laonikos, who believes that Laonikos used Gregoras, constantly corrects Laonikos\u2019 grossest errors in the commentary by himself using Gregoras. Kaldellis \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 52 (2012) 738\u2013765 2012 Anthony Kaldellis The Greek Sources of Laonikos Chalkokondyles\u2019 Histories Anthony Kaldellis IKE HIS LITERARY MODEL, Thucydides, Laonikos Chal- kokondyles does not mention any of the sources that he used in writing his history of the rise of the Ottoman Turks and fall of the Byzantine empire.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14643", "words": "5373", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Scafoglio, Giampiero", "title": "The Betrayal of Aeneas", "date": "2012", "keywords": "1\u201314; achilles; aeneas; betrayal; cycle; davies; epic; fragments; greek; homeric; priam; scafoglio; studies; tzetzes", "summary": "N. van der Ben, \u201cDe Homerische Aphrodite-hymne I: De Aeneas-passages in de Ilias,\u201d Lampas 13 (1980) 40\u201377; P. Smith, \u201cAineidai as Patrons of Iliad XX and the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite,\u201d HSCP 85 (1981) 17\u201358; M. W. Edwards, The Iliad: A Commentary V (Cambridge 1991) 299\u2013301; A. Faulkner, The Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite (Oxford/New 8 THE BETRAYAL OF AENEAS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 1\u201314 Nevertheless, in the Iliad there is a hint that could point (al- beit subtly) to the treason of Aeneas or, at least, to his rivalry with Priam. But Virgil presents Aeneas as pius even in the broadest sense, which consists in devotion to the gods and to the homeland, despite his escape on that fateful night: his loyalty to his country is realized, together with his religious devotion, in the mission which he is entrusted by Fate, as Hector tells him in a prophetic dream that very night (2.268\u2013297, notably 288\u2013 295).7", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14673", "words": "11370", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Nutzman, Megan", "title": "Mary in the Protevangelium of James: A Jewish Woman in the Temple?", "date": "2013", "keywords": "551\u2013578; author; christian; greek; james; jas; mary; mishnah; nazirite; nazirite vow; num; prot; protevangelium; studies; temple; virgins; vow; water; women", "summary": "Jas. portrays Mary as a sacrificial substi- tute, which could explain her placement on the steps of the altar (Accessing the Virgin: Gender and Purity in the \u2018Protevangelium of James\u2019 Jas. placed it firmly within the category of texts originating in Palestine and led to his conclusion that the author was most likely a Palestinian Jew.12 Timothy Horner maintained that Mary\u2019s ___ portant question is largely outside the scope of the present article, but a brief word about definitions is in order.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14681", "words": "9002", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Nachtergaele, Delphine", "title": "The Asklepiades and Athenodoros Archives. A Case Study of a Linguistic Approach to Papyrus Letters", "date": "2013", "keywords": "archives; asklepiades; athenodoros; athenodoros archives; bgu; comparative; greek; health; health wish; letters; studies; subclause; wish", "summary": "The Greek formula may have been an innovation from the Asklepiades and Athenodoros archives, but it was probably not widespread. Especially if we focus on the first century B.C. and the beginning of the first century A.D.\u2014the period to which the two archives belong\u2014the contrast between the use of the comparative subclause in the archives and in other letters is remarkable: of the 27 occurrences of the com- parative subclause from that period, no less than 25 are from either the Asklepiades or the Athenodoros archive, while only two documents from outside those archives contain it.25 This means that 92.6% of all occurrences of this kind of health wish, between 100 B.C. and the early first century A.D., come from the two archives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14683", "words": "7998", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Ramelli, Ilaria L. E.", "title": "Evagrius and Gregory: Nazianzen or Nyssen? Cappadocian (and Origenian) Influence on Evagrius", "date": "2013", "keywords": "basil; bishop; constantinople; evagrius; greek; gregory; gregory nazianzen; gregory nyssen; nazianzen; nyssa; nyssen; origen; palladius; ramelli; socrates; studies; thought", "summary": "Thus Gregory of Nyssa, according to Palladius, treated Evagrius with kindness and friendship, and after the death of Basil ordained Evagrius deacon.22 Palladius does not even speak of Nazianzen here, but only of Basil first, and then of Nyssen. Gregory of Nyssa is, among the Cappadocians and among all 1 At the very least see A. Casiday, Evagrius Ponticus (New York 2006); J. Konstantinovsky, Evagrius Ponticus: The Making of a Gnostic (Burlington 2009); K. Corrigan, Evagrius and Gregory: Mind, Soul and Body in the 4th Century (Farnham/Burlington 2009).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14687", "words": "8062", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Wear, Sarah Klitenic", "title": "Another Link in the Golden Chain: Aeneas of Gaza and Zacharias Scholasticus on Plotinus Enn. 4.3", "date": "2013", "keywords": "aeneas; alexandria; ammonius; body; christian; creation; gaza; god; greek; platonist; plotinus; shadow; soul; studies; theophrastus; universe; zacharias; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "U. London 2010); Downey, Gaza; M. Wacht, Aeneas von Gaza als Apologet. Like Aeneas, Zacharias attacks co-eternity of the world with God as rooted in the Platonist concept that the universe is created without divine will.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14689", "words": "10101", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Neville, Leonora", "title": "Lamentation, History, and Female Authorship in Anna Komnene\u2019s Alexiad", "date": "2013", "keywords": "alexiad; alexios; anna; authorship; byzantine; classical; death; female; gender; greek; grief; history; komnene; lamentation; leonora; mourning; neville; self; studies; tradition; tragedy; women; writing; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "At the point of Alexios\u2019 death Anna describes ___ watched over the bodies buried at their feet\u201d: S. Gerstel, \u201cPainted Sources for Female Piety in Medieval Byzantium,\u201d DOP 52 (1998) 89\u2013111, at 102. Yet in its title, Alexiad, and frequent Homeric vocabulary and imagery, it brings the archaic epics to mind.1 The characterization of Alexios as a wily sea captain steering the empire through con- stant storms with guile and courage strongly recalls Odysseus.2 Both in its epic cast and in other factors discussed below, Anna did not adhere strictly to the rules of writing history and rather seems to have played with the boundaries of the genre.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14691", "words": "7730", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Marciniak, Przemys\u0142aw", "title": "Theodore Prodromos\u2019 Bion Prasis: A Reappraisal", "date": "2013", "keywords": "aristophanes; bion; bion prasis; buyer; byzantine; byzantium; century; greek; hermes; homer; humour; latin; lucian; marciniak; piece; pomponius; prasis; prodromos; przemys\u0142aw; roman; studies; text; theodore; work; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "PRZEMYS\u0141AW MARCINIAK 231 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 219\u2013239 patchwork, made up of quotations from ancient texts, can be funny? Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 219\u2013239 the beginning of the nineenth century,3 and was not reprinted by Migne in PG 133 which contains other texts from Vat.gr.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14699", "words": "12915", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Mallan, Christopher Thomas", "title": "The Style, Method, and Programme of Xiphilinus' Epitome of Cassius Dio's Roman History", "date": "2013", "keywords": "account; attaleiates; byzantine; cassius; century; christopher; dio; eleventh; epitome; greek; history; interest; mallan; marcus; material; michael; narrative; pompey; psellus; roman; speeches; studies; text; war; work; xiphilinus; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Mallan \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 610\u2013644 2013 Christopher Mallan The Style, Method, and Programme of Xiphilinus\u2019 Epitome of Cassius Dio\u2019s Roman History Christopher Mallan N TERMS OF SCALE ALONE Xiphilinus\u2019 Epitome of Cassius Dio\u2019s Roman History is one of the more ambitious works of middle Byzantine historiography.1 Its historical vision, covering the period from 69 B.C. through A.D. 229, on first inspection, sits uncomfortably with the other works of history written during the eleventh century. 3 Millar\u2019s comments are typical (Study 2): \u201cXiphilinus\u2019 work is not so much a pr\u00e9cis of Dio as a rather erratic selection from his material, sub- stantially, but not invariably, in Dio\u2019s order and often keeping very close to Dio\u2019s wording.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14703", "words": "7781", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Tamiolaki, Melina", "title": "A Citizen as a Slave of the State? Oligarchic Perceptions of Democracy in Xenophon", "date": "2013", "keywords": "athenian; athens; citizen; city; democracy; freedom; life; passages; slave; socrates; state; studies; tamiolaki; xenophon; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "So, to return to Xenophon, this statement reflects a change that democracy underwent during the fourth century: the reduced participation of wealthy citizens in politics.54 There is much scholarly controversy about how Xenophon viewed Athenian democracy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14705", "words": "10147", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "O\u2019Connell, Peter", "title": "Hyperides and Epopteia: A New Fragment of the Defense of Phryne", "date": "2013", "keywords": "90\u2013116; anepopteutos; byzantine; defense; epopteia; euthias; greek; hyperides; information; jurors; litigation; mysteries; onomasticon; passage; phryne; pollux; section; source; speech; studies; text; word; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "90\u2013116 however, that Pollux had access to a text of Hyperides or to a glossary or compendium of Hyperides passages, as he cites him by name 83 times in the Onomasticon. We know, therefore, only three things about anepopteutos: (1) it was used by Hyperides in the Defense of Phryne, (2) the passage in the Defense of Phryne where it was used was known to ancient lexicographers, including Pollux, and (3) the only times it appears outside of definitions or word lists are in two nearly identical sections in the Onomasticon about safe- guarding secrecy in trials involving testimony about the Eleu- sinian Mysteries.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1471", "words": "7107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Karanika, Andromache", "title": "Inside Orpheus\u2019 Songs: Orpheus as an Argonaut in Apollonius Rhodius\u2019 Argonautica", "date": "2010", "keywords": "apollonius; argonautica; argonauts; city; colonization; cult; epic; greek; heroes; karanika; narrative; new; oikist; orpheus; poetics; rhodius; role; song; stephens; studies; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "For Empedoclean allu- sions in the songs of Orpheus see P. Kyriakou, \u201cEmpedoclean Echoes in Apollonius Rhodius\u2019 \u2018Argonautica\u2019,\u201d Hermes 122 (1994) 309\u2013319. Thus it is im- portant to delve into the representation of his song in order to evaluate what further parameters his presence brings in Apol- lonius\u2019 epic.11 Orpheus was thought by the Greeks to be not only a teacher but also the inventor of ritual.12", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14711", "words": "10365", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Migu\u00e9lez-Cavero, Laura", "title": "Cosmic and Terrestrial Personifications in Nonnus\u2019 Dionysiaca", "date": "2013", "keywords": "aion; cavero; chuvin; cosmic; dionysiaca; dionysus; greek; g\u00e9ographie; harmonia; homeric; hydaspes; laura; les; migu\u00e9lez; mythologie; nonnus; paris; personifications; personified; references; rivers; seasons; studies; time; vian; world; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The Homeric model of the Scamander is replayed in the episode of the Hydaspes with the cosmic resonances of an impending universal deluge and trivialised by the petty behaviour of the river, a strategy similar to the one employed for cosmic personifications. After all, Homeric personifications offered a simplistic view of the cosmos when compared with later reflections on conflicting human emotions and inclinations.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14727", "words": "7397", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Kousoulini, Vasiliki", "title": "Alcmanic Hexameters and Early Hexametric Poetry: Alcman\u2019s Poetry in its Oral Context.", "date": "2013", "keywords": "420\u2013440; alcman; calame; epic; fragments; garzya; greek; hexameters; homer; lyric; muse; poetry; studies; tradition", "summary": "Calame suggests that Alcman com- bined Od. 6.244 with an expression found in Od. 7.311 (\u03b1\u1f32 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1, \u0396\u03b5\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1). What is difficult, however, is to find a different 1 See C. Calame, Alcman (Rome 1983)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14733", "words": "7779", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Keyser, Paul T.", "title": "The Suda\u2019s Flavian Erasure", "date": "2013", "keywords": "entry; erasure; flavian; greek; hadrian; nero; philo; studies; suda; trajan; vespasian; years; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76", "summary": "org/sol/. 2 H. Hunger, \u201cWas nicht in der Suda steht oder was konnte sich der gebildete Byzantiner des 10./11. T 792 THE SUDA\u2019S FLAVIAN ERASURE \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 791\u2013811 on all three Flavian emperors, and highly praises both Ves- pasian (\u03b2 246, \u03bf\u1f57\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u1f77\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u1f7d\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u1f71\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f04\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bd) and Titus (\u03c4 691, \u1f00\u03bd\u1f74\u03c1 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u1f7c\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f73\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2),3 it seems very unlikely that (the compilers of) the Suda intended the erasure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14739", "words": "11260", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Pachoumi, Eleni", "title": "The Erotic and Separation Spells of the Magical Papyri and the Defixiones", "date": "2013", "keywords": "erotic; female; formulary; greek; iii; love; pgm; separation; spell; spell user; studies; title; user; victim; woman; \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f14\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd; \u1f21 \u03b4", "summary": "The claim of a discrepancy between literature and reality raises social and gender questions about the users and victims of erotic spells. \u201d10 Graf argues that the male users of erotic spells aimed at young women, especially of \u201cgood families\u201d with the purpose of \u201ca permanent union, that is, marriage.\u201d11", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14741", "words": "7875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Faraone, C. A.", "title": "Notes on Some Greek Magical Gems in New England", "date": "2013", "keywords": "amulet; faraone; gem; gems; greek; jasper; line; michel; notes; pgm; roman; studies; symbols; text; victim; word", "summary": "symbols BM 555 1.5x2.1 gold yes text & no Neuzeitlich polished (both) symbols translucent Harvard 4.9x4.02 cloudy-brown barely only text yes Neuzeit 1969.189 polished (both) & symbols (3) translucent \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 In her discussion of Harvard 1969.189, Michel (SMG 143) summarized her suspicions of this group as follows: (i) the type of transparent brown-gold chalcedony used in these amulets is untypical; (ii) the large dimensions and the shape of the gems\u2014 single or double convex\u2014is unusual; and (iii) the exceptionally long Jewish and Gnostic texts they contain are only seldom seen on other magical gems. I would conclude, then, that these large, text-only, convex chal- cedony amulets represent a subset of the Greek magical gems, a subset that has more in common with textual amulets on metal and papyri than it does with other magical gems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14747", "words": "12585", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Danzig, Gabriel", "title": "Plato\u2019s Charmides as a Political Act: Apologetics and the Promotion of Ideology", "date": "2013", "keywords": "act; charmides; critias; danzig; dialogue; dorion; good; greek; ideology; ignorance; knowledge; plato; self; socrates; sophrosune; studies; xenophon", "summary": "On the other hand, demonstrating that Critias misunderstood Socrates would certainly serve the inter- ests of a Plato who wishes to distinguish his own ideology from the ideology of Critias.32 There is another way in which the dialogue serves better as a defense of Plato than as a defense of Socrates. Far from correcting that disaster, by insisting on the importance of sophrosune Socrates\u2019 critics only encourage it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14749", "words": "4209", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Wikander, Ola", "title": "Old Testament Prototypes for the Hermetic Trishagion in Poimandres 31 \u2013 and Support for an Old Conjecture", "date": "2013", "keywords": "god; holy; hymn; line; poimandres; studies; text; \u1f05\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2", "summary": "The next line of the Poimandres hymn speaks of God as the one whose will is perfected \u201cby his own powers\u201d (\u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f30\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u00b5\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd). 590 OLD TESTAMENT PROTOTYPES FOR POIMANDRES 31 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 579\u2013590 \u201cplan\u201d gives the text such a salvific historical dimension, in which the enlightenment of individual humans is part of a great scheme of God\u2019s calling them to himself through Gnosis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14751", "words": "4124", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Nassar, Mohammad; al-Muheisen, Zeidoun", "title": "Geometric Mosaic Ornament at Khirbet el-Bediyeh, Jordan", "date": "2013", "keywords": "bediyeh; byzantine; church; fig; greek; jordan; mosaics; roman", "summary": "591\u2013609 Figure 2. Khirbet al-Bediyeh tell from the west The region of al-Bediyeh was visited and described by some travelers during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Mohammad Nassar and Zeidoun al-Muheisen Geometric Mosaic Ornament at Khirbet al-Bediyeh, Jordan Mohammad Nassar and Zeidoun al-Muheisen HIRBET AL-BEDIYEH in northern Jordan has revealed a church, dated to A.D. 640, in which we have un- covered one of the most impressive and best preserved mosaic pavements with geometric patterns in the Near East.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14759", "words": "12065", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Lytle, Ephraim", "title": "Farmers into Sailors: Ship Maintenance, Greek Agriculture, and the Athenian Monopoly on Kean Ruddle (IG II2 1128)", "date": "2013", "keywords": "athenian; athens; b.c; century; ephraim; evidence; farmers; greek; kean; lead; lytle; miltos; ochre; paint; pigment; pitch; red; roman; ruddle; sailors; ships; shipworm; studies; theophrastus; use; uses; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Like that which was sometimes used to paint ship\u2019s eyes or bow patches, this red could be interpreted as merely decorative.33 While it has been suggested that decorative ele- ments on triremes might be sufficient to explain the Athenian monopoly on Kean ruddle, that argument is not very com- pelling.34 On the other hand, wax seems to have been widely used in ship maintenance and Pliny reports that when used on ships encaustic paints were known to be \u201cimmune to wind and sun and salt water\u201d (nec sole nec sale ventisve corrumpitur).35 By the fourth century, no doubt in response to ship- worm, Greek merchant ships were sometimes, like the Nemi ships, sheathed in lead (or perhaps, but far more rarely, cop- per), and this practice seems to have become widespread during the Hellenistic period.47 In the Kyrenia ship this lead was not applied directly to the hull, but over a thin matting that Steffy describes as composed of \u201cagave leaves, simply woven and saturated in a red-brown resinous pitch \u2026", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14761", "words": "9273", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Zali, Vasiliki", "title": "Themistocles\u2019 Exhortation before Salamis: On Herodotus 8.83", "date": "2013", "keywords": "461\u2013485; battle; cambridge; exhortation; greek; herodotus; histories; narrative; oxford; readers; rhetoric; salamis; speech; speeches; studies; themistocles; thucydides; use", "summary": "W. W. How and J. Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus II (Oxford 1912) 198; J. B. Bury, The Ancient Greek Historians (New York 1909) 63\u201364; Flower and Marincola, Herodotus 152\u2013153. 28 Cf. Whilst demonstrating familiarity with and making use of epideictic themes, and whilst his purpose is partly epideictic in the sense that he is to an extent concerned with morality and with conferring praise or blame,56 Herodotus envisages himself 54 See e.g. S. Perlman, \u201cThe Historical Example, its Use and Importance as Political Propaganda in the Attic Orators,\u201d Scripta Hierosolymitana 7 (1961) 150\u2013166; I. Worthington, \u201cHistory and Oratorical Exploitation,\u201d in Per- suasion: Greek Rhetoric in Action (London 1994) 109\u2013129; Grethlein, The Greeks and their Past 105\u2013125.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14791", "words": "8163", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Scarborough, John", "title": "Theodora, Aetius of Amida, and Procopius: Some Possible Connections", "date": "2013", "keywords": "abortifacients; aetius; amida; aspasia; books; byzantine; century; cornarius; court; drugs; empress; greek; history; john; medicine; physician; procopius; scarborough; studies; surgery; tetrabiblon; theodora; wegscheider; women", "summary": "Scarb \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 742\u2013762 2013 John Scarborough Theodora, Aetius of Amida, and Procopius: Some Possible Connections John Scarborough HEN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL SOURCES speak of prostitutes\u2019 expertise, they frequently address the question of how they managed to keep free from pregnancies. W JOHN SCARBOROUGH 743 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 742\u2013762 in terms of specific details, but the Anecdota does reflect the circumstances of the common profession of prostitution in sixth-century Byzantium.3 Moreover, Theodora emerged from the lowest class (a daughter of a bear keeper in the hippo- drome, so we are told, 9.2\u20133), whose young women often plied talents quite different from those of the higher ranks who might become learned in the Classics or in the finer points of man- aging a well-appointed household; and John of Ephesus, who mostly admired the empress and was writing independently of Procopius, admits that she came \u201cfrom the brothel.\u201d4", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14793", "words": "16776", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "P\u00e9rez Mart\u00edn, Inmaculada", "title": "The Reception of Xenophon in Byzantium: The Macedonian Period", "date": "2013", "keywords": "812\u2013855; anabasis; arethas; author; basil; byzantine; byzantium; century; codex; constantine; cyropaedia; cyrus; des; emperor; esp; greek; history; information; inmaculada; interest; klearchos; leo; markopoulos; mart\u00edn; new; original; photios; poem; p\u00e9rez; reception; roman; studies; synkellos; texts; works; xenophon; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5; \u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd; \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "Martin \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 812\u2013855 2013 Inmaculada P\u00e9rez Mart\u00edn The Reception of Xenophon in Byzantium: The Macedonian Period Inmaculada P\u00e9rez Mart\u00edn \u039e\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u1ff6, \u03b3\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u1ff6. Maximus of Tyre 16.5 HE STUDY of the reception of an author in Byzantium can shed light on particular periods of Byzantine culture, the nature of some of its own texts,1 and the constitution of the corpus of \u2018classical\u2019 authors that has come down to us.2 Accordingly, the Byzantine study of Xenophon3 will be treated here as an element of Macedonian culture, sharing some of its features and marked by its politics. THE RECEPTION OF XENOPHON IN BYZANTIUM \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 53 (2013) 812\u2013855 Cyropaedia as paradigms of encomium has been recognized since antiquity.7 As for the Hellenica, we now have only manuscripts from the Palaiologan period, in which that text usually follows Thucydides,8 but middle Byzantium knew of its existence, not only because Xenophon was repeatedly men- tioned in ancient and late antique sources as the author of Athenian historiography along with other Attic authors,9 but also because of his presence in glossaries and grammars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14801", "words": "6670", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Quiroga Puertas, Alberto J.", "title": "Hecuba Revisited. Euripidean Echoes in Libanius Or. 22.22", "date": "2014", "keywords": "antioch; chrysostom; ellebichus; euripides; greek; hecuba; john; libanius; monks; mother; odysseus; sophist; statues; studies", "summary": "22.22 Alberto J. Quiroga Puertas N THE AFTERMATH of the \u2018Riot of the Statues\u2019 in Antioch in 387, John Chrysostom and Libanius devoted time and effort to composing rhetorical pieces with two main pur- poses in mind: to defend the Syrian city after its misdeeds and to disseminate their cultural and religious agendas. The two sets of texts constitute a paradigmatic case study of how a prominent Christian like John Chrysostom\u2014at the time, a priest under the tutelage of the bishop Flavian in Antioch\u2014and an influential figure of late paganism like the sophist Libanius dealt with a situation that required a deter- mined display of their rhetorical prowess.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14805", "words": "7032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Acerbi, Fabio", "title": "Ones", "date": "2013", "keywords": "arithmetica; fact; greek; numbers; ones; plural; problems; studies; tannery; text; \u00b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03c2; \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd; \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd; \u1f11\u03bd\u1fc6; \u1f15\u03bd\u03b1", "summary": "21.13\u201314 (cf. n.34 above): \u1f13\u03bd \u03b3\u03ac\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac, \u03b4\u03b9\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f11\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f15\u03bd. \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14807", "words": "15319", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Paradeisopoulos, Iordanis K.", "title": "A Chronology Model for Xenophon\u2019s Anabasis", "date": "2013", "keywords": "645\u2013686; anabasis; araxes; chronology; cotyora; cunaxa; days; diodorus; distance; euphrates; greek; gymnias; land; march; model; parasangs; river; route; studies; villages; xenophon", "summary": "Table 1: Retreat from the Armenian villages to Mt. Theches: comparison of narratives of Xenophon and Diodorus Xenophon (4.6.1-4.7.21) Diodorus (14.29.1-3) Days of Days of Location march rest rest march Location In the Armenian villages In the Armenian villages March with head of village 3 By Araxes without guide 7 4 By river Araxes Chalybes, Taochians, Phasians 2 In the fortress of Taochians 5 15 With Chaons, Phasians At Chalybes and Harpasos 7 7 At Chaldeans & Harpagus We propose that in ad- dition to shortening the march between Gymnias and Theches, by also omitting 19 days of rest Xenophon presented a different case, making comparisons more difficult.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1481", "words": "12452", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Canevaro, Mirko", "title": "The Decree Awarding Citizenship to the Plataeans ([Dem.] 59.104)", "date": "2010", "keywords": "account; apollodorus; athenian; authenticity; canevaro; citizenship; decree; demosthenes; document; evidence; grants; greek; kapparis; law; lines; meaning; naturalization; osborne; plataeans; studies; text; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Suppl. 24 (1898) 221\u2013366, is the most recent general study of the issue, and has exposed many documents as post-Classical for- geries. The explanation for this is that these marks were originally written in a very early edition of the speeches and refer to the text in that copy.31 They were a system of measurement used in literary texts during antiquity, and later transcribed in every new manuscript, regardless of the size and number of its lines.32 In this speech many documents are preserved, namely three laws (16, 52, 87), one official oath (78), one decree (104), many 29 A case is the third-person imperative in -\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, often found in literary texts from Classical Athens but avoided in documentary texts before 351 B.C.E. (and used very rarely between 350 and 322): L. Threatte, The Gram- mar of Attic Inscriptions II (Berlin 1996) 462\u2013466.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14811", "words": "744", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "The Editors, - -", "title": "Editorial", "date": "1960", "keywords": "articles; greek", "summary": "We shall try to combat the fragmentation of the field into isolated parties of specialists - whether M ycenists or liturgiologists - by opening these pages to scholarly articles significant in scope and intelligible in style to every reader interested in any of the special fields or periods of the long and broad current of Hellenism. For the large textml publication of documents we must count upon our esteemed elders among American journals; similarly for excavation reports, for numismatic corpora, for special studies of artistic types: normally we shall be able to print only shorter pieces of general inter\u00ad est.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14813", "words": "6171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "How a Monk Ought to Relate to his Neighbor", "date": "2013", "keywords": "abba; brother; elder; god; john; love; monk; neighbor; saying; studies", "summary": "Abba Amoun said to him: \u201cSo if a necessity arises to speak with my neighbor, do you want me to speak of the Scriptures or of the sayings of the elders?\u201d Said the elder: \u201cIf you cannot keep silent, it is better to speak of the sayings of the elders and not of the Scriptures, for there is no small danger\u201d (\u03ba\u1f77\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f71\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50 \u00b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u1f79\u03c2, Amoun 2 128CD/ 11.56). As for the neighbor\u2019s shortcomings, Amma Syncletica says these should be passed over in silence, but it is good to lament them: \u201cUseful sorrow is to groan both for one\u2019s own sins and also for the weak- ness (\u1f00\u03c1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f77\u03b1) of [one\u2019s] neighbors; [it is] not to fall short of the intended goal, in order to attain the ultimate goodness\u201d (Syn- cletica S 10/Guy 35/10.102).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14815", "words": "8050", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Fountoulakis, Andreas", "title": "On the Nature of Strato\u2019s Humour: Another Look at Anth.Pal. 12.6", "date": "2013", "keywords": "anth.pal; beauty; boy; boys; epigram; fountoulakis; greek; humour; inscriptions; man; strato; studies; use; \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2; \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2", "summary": "Similar non-literal refer- ences to the penises of boys occur in Strato Anth. Pal. used is H. Beckby, Anthologia Graeca2 I\u2013IV (Munich 1965).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14817", "words": "3584", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Trizio, Michele", "title": "A New Testimony on the Platonist Gaius", "date": "2013", "keywords": "byzantine; century; commentary; gaius; interpretatione; italos; studies; text; work", "summary": "Unlike Gaius, Galen is know to have dealt with Aristotle\u2019s De interpretatione 7 directly ___ been copied by a thirteenth-fourteenth century hand in the margin of the text of De interpretatione in Vat.Urb.gr. However, this solution too is problematic, especially because, like Gaius, Galen is equally ignored in the earlier commentary tradition on De interpretatione.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1491", "words": "9327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Remijsen, Sofie", "title": "The Introduction of the Antiochene Olympics: A Proposal for a New Date", "date": "2010", "keywords": "a.d; agon; antioch; antiochene; century; commodus; contest; date; emperor; games; inscriptions; introduction; malalas; olympics; reign; studies; years; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Antiochene games in the epigraphic record Analysis of the purported reforms has shown that there are no arguments for an introduction under Commodus ca. As we have noted, the chronicler incorrectly called the games under Claudius and Commodus Olympic games.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14983", "words": "11401", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Anagnostakis, Ilias; Kaldellis, Anthony", "title": "The Textual Sources for the Peloponnese, A.D. 582\u2013959: Their Creative Engagement with Ancient Literature", "date": "2013", "keywords": "anagnostakis; anthony; arethas; athens; basileios; basilii; byzantine; chronicle; danelis; emperor; greece; greek; history; ilias; kaldellis; monemvasia; niketas; patras; pausanias; peloponnese; roman; slavs; sources; studies; text; vita", "summary": "AnagKal \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 105\u2013135 2014 Ilias Anagnostakis and Anthony Kaldellis The Textual Sources for the Peloponnese, A.D. 582\u2013959: Their Creative Engagement with Ancient Literature Ilias Anagnostakis and Anthony Kaldellis HIS ARTICLE problematizes a set of sources about the history of Greece, and specifically of the Peloponnese, between the sixth and tenth centuries.1 These sources cover the period 582\u2013959, from the reign of Maurikios to that of Konstantinos VII Porphyrogennetos, but were written in the ninth and tenth centuries. THE TEXTUAL SOURCES FOR THE PELOPONNESE \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 105\u2013135 will concentrate here on texts that relate to the Peloponnese, and not even all of those that can be analyzed in this light.3 Specifically, we focus on the Chronicle of Monemvasia, the story of the widow Danelis, the story of the admiral Adrianos, and some texts concerning the magistros Niketas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14987", "words": "6984", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Jazdzewska, Katarzyna", "title": "From Dialogos to Dialogue: The Use of the Term from Plato to the Second Century CE", "date": "2013", "keywords": "aristotle; athenaios; century; conversation; dialogue; discussion; meaning; plato; questions; socrates; studies; term; use; verb; word; \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2; \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Apart from the above-mentioned fragments of Theopompos and Aristotle, probably the earliest evidence for the use of \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 in reference to literary dialogues is a passage in Demetrios\u2019 On Style. On the question of authenticity of the Alcibiades I see e.g. N. Denyer, Plato: Alcibiades (Cambridge 2001) 14\u201326; N. D. Smith, \u201cDid Plato Write the \u2018Alcibiades I\u2019?\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14993", "words": "12791", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Paradeisopoulos, Iordanis K.", "title": "Route and Parasangs in Xenophon\u2019s Anabasis", "date": "2014", "keywords": "anabasis; araxes; cotyora; cunaxa; days; euphrates; greek; karasu; map; march; murad; paradeisopoulos; parasangs; river; route; studies; villages; xenophon", "summary": "Thus Retreat: Cunaxa-Cotyora 615 122 121 243 Plus Anabasis : Ephesos-Cunaxa 535 93 120 213 Equals Anabasis and Retreat: Ephesos-Cotyora 1150 215 241 456 1 Parasangs in italics estimated as days of march x 5 parasangs per day. Are they not days of march?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14997", "words": "8794", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Nevin, Sonya", "title": "Negative Comparison in Plutarch's Agesilaus-Pompey", "date": "2014", "keywords": "45\u201368; achilles; agamemnon; agesilaus; alexander; asia; comparison; dream; greeks; lives; nevin; plutarch; pompey; sacrifice; sonya; studies; xenophon; \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1f77\u03b1", "summary": "Plutarch undermines these comparisons, so that Pompey\u2019s failure is expressed through the demonstra- tion that he was not so great as Alexander, while Agesilaus is shown to have been less great than Agamemnon. Love of victory: key themes in the Agesilaus-Pompey In an explicit authorial intervention early in the Agesilaus, Plutarch writes that while some philosophers consider conflicts essential, it is his opinion that \u201cif they are pushed to extremes, [conflicts] are most harmful to states and carry great dangers with them\u201d (Ages. 5.3\u20134).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-14999", "words": "6852", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Angelov, Alexander", "title": "Bishop over \u201cThose Outside\u201d: Imperial Diplomacy and the Boundaries of Constantine\u2019s Christianity", "date": "2014", "keywords": "angelov; bishop; byzantine; christian; christianity; constantine; emperor; empire; eusebius; god; greek; letter; outside; persian; roman; scholars; shapur; studies", "summary": "Like Constantine\u2019s own coming to power, the Persian shah\u2019s rise to the throne was questionable since he put aside his elder brother Hormisdas, who likely remained alive only because he managed to escape from prison.21 Constantine knew that both political regimes had to find ways to legitimize themselves, so his rhetoric could serve as a personal justification of his coming to power and as a diplomatic validation of Shapur\u2019s own standing at the same time. Angelov \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 274\u2013292 2014 Alexander Angelov Bishop over \u201cThose Outside\u201d: Imperial Diplomacy and the Boundaries of Constantine\u2019s Christianity Alexander Angelov ROUND THE TIME of the Council of Nicaea in 325, the emperor Constantine invited several close friends and bishops to dinner.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15001", "words": "3338", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Soliman, Sameh Farouk", "title": "Two Epithets of Mark the Evangelist: Coptic theorimos and Byzantine Greek \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2", "date": "2014", "keywords": "church; coptic; epithet; evangelist; god; greek; holy; mark; saint; studies; ye;wrimoc; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Saint Mark, whose epithet is the subject of this research, was according to the tradition of the Church a disciple from among the Seventy, the author of the second canonical Gospel, and identical with the John Mark mentioned in Acts (12:12, 25, 15:37). The Coptic Church alone gives Saint Mark the epithet ye;wrimoc or sometimes ye;orimoc (see PLATE 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15005", "words": "8253", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Jim, Theodora Suk Fong", "title": "On Greek Dedicatory Practices: The Problem of hyper", "date": "2014", "keywords": "behalf; crops; dedications; e.g.; formulae; gods; greek; hyper; inscriptions; offering; roman; seg; studies; tam; votive; vow; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u1f77\u03b1\u03c2; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd; \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1; \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "10 E.g. Agora XV 293 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f73\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u0323\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u1f71\u03bd\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u1f75\u00b5\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u1f77\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c6\u1f77\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u00b5\u00b5\u1f71\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd; IG II2 1048 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f73\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4[\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u1f75\u00b5\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u1f77\u03b4\u03c9]\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3[\u03c9]\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u1f77\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c6\u1f77\u03bb[\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u00b5\u00b5\u1f71\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd]", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15007", "words": "2268", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "81", "author": "Sarri, Antonia", "title": "A Letter of Proklos to Asklepiades: P.Lond.inv. 2553 + P.Col. VIII 211", "date": "2013", "keywords": "isidoros; letter; p.col; p.nyu; pap.congr; proklos; viii", "summary": "XXI 415 n.5. 13 See R. S. Bagnall and R. Cribiore, Women\u2019s Letters from Ancient Egypt (Ann Arbor 2006) 46\u201348; A. Sarri, \u201cHandshifts in Letters,\u201d paper presented at Pap. The postscript, on the other hand, has a rightward inclination, it is con- tinuously written without raising the pen to separate letters, and the uprights do not have serifs at the end.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15009", "words": "5631", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Pritchard, David M.", "title": "The Public Payment of Magistrates in Fourth-Century Athens", "date": "2013", "keywords": "ath.pol; athenian; athens; century; democracy; hansen; magistrates; pritchard; roman; studies", "summary": "I am most grateful to V. Gabrielsen, M. H. Hansen, E. M. Harris, R. Osborne, S. C. Todd, and especially P. J. Rhodes for discussing with me the question of pay for Athenian magistrates. 16 THE PUBLIC PAYMENT OF MAGISTRATES \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 1\u201316 his eighties, actually serves as evidence of the remuneration of Athenian magistrates throughout the fourth century.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1501", "words": "10672", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Bouchard, Elsa", "title": "The Meaning of \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd in the Poetics", "date": "2010", "keywords": "309\u2013336; action; aristotle; bouchard; case; character; criticism; elsa; greek; meaning; objections; odysseus; poetics; problems; studies; word; \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03f1\u1f79\u03bd; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "Is Aristotle thinking of a character flaw or simply of a plain factual \u201cmistake\u201d? In most cases though, this interpretation is either simply not argued or expressly given as a pis aller.6 ___ T. Rosenmeyer, \u201cDesign and Execution in Aristotle, Poetics ch. XXV,\u201d CSCA 6 (1973) 231\u2013252, at 252; R. Janko, Aristotle, Poetics I, with the Tractatus Coisli- nianus, Reconstruction of Poetics II, and the Fragments of the On Poets (Indianapolis 1987) 153.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15011", "words": "7273", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Eckhardt, Benedikt", "title": "\u201cBloodless Sacrifice\u201d: A Note on Greek Cultic Language in the Imperial Era", "date": "2014", "keywords": "altar; animal; benedikt; blood; christian; cult; eckhardt; killing; numa; offerings; pythagorean; sacrifice; studies; term; transl; war; \u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u1f77\u03b1; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u1f77\u00b5\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2", "summary": "In the Julianic orations, his view on blood sacrifice is very positive: Or. 1.121, 12.82, 18.126\u2013127, 30.33\u201336. It has long been recognized that the end of animal sacrifice did not come as a shock for 1 Cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15015", "words": "3661", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "al-Muheisen, Zeidoun; Nassar, Mohammad", "title": "Geometric Mosaic Pavements at Ras ed-Deir, Jordan", "date": "2014", "keywords": "byzantine; church; deir; fig; jordan; mosaics; ras", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 87\u2013104 Circle with loops motif The design in the southern part of the nave consists of four loops, decorated with a stylised crosslet at the center ( fig. MuhNas \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 87\u2013104 2014 Zeidoun al-Muheisen and Mohammad Nassar Geometric Mosaic Pavements at Ras ed-Deir, Jordan Zeidoun al-Muheisen and Mohammad Nassar T RAS ED-DEIR in northern Jordan, a church dating to 599/600 has been found to contain impressive and well- preserved mosaic pavements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15017", "words": "7275", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Chitwood, Zachary", "title": "The Patriarch Alexios Stoudites and the Reinterpretation of Justinianic Legislation against Heretics", "date": "2014", "keywords": "alexios; alexios stoudites; basilika; byzantine; century; constitution; court; edict; greek; heretics; interpretation; jews; jurists; law; legislation; melitene; orthodox; stoudites; studies; syrian", "summary": "Chitw \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 293\u2013312 2014 Zachary Chitwood The Patriarch Alexios Stoudites and the Reinterpretation of Justinianic Legislation against Heretics Zachary Chitwood SING NORMATIVE LEGAL SOURCES such as law codes and imperial novels to illuminate Byzantine heresy is a very difficult proposition. Notes on the Historiography of Byzantine Law,\u201d BMGS 22 (1998) 264\u2013279; \u201cBalancing Byzantine Law?\u201d FM 11 (2005) 57\u2013 75; \u201cJustice: Legal Literature,\u201d in E. Jeffreys et al. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies (Oxford 2008) 691\u2013698; \u201cThe Social Function of the Law,\u201d in J. Haldon (ed.), The Social History of Byzantium (Chichester/Malden 2009)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15023", "words": "10111", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Capreedy, James", "title": "Losing Confidence in Sparta: The Creation of the Mantinean Symmachy", "date": "2014", "keywords": "alliance; allies; arkadia; battle; greek; league; lepreon; mantinea; peloponnesian; sparta; spartans; studies; symmachy; tegea; thucydides; war", "summary": "Capreedy \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 352\u2013378 2014 James Capreedy Losing Confidence in Sparta: The Creation of the Mantinean Symmachy James Capreedy URING THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR, the Arkadian city- state Mantinea built its own regional symmachy and assumed the role of hegemon over its allies. In doing so, Mantinea was breaking an agreement and changing the nature of its relationship with the hegemon of the Pelopon- nesian League, Sparta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15027", "words": "8421", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Berrey, Marquis", "title": "Chrysippus of Cnidus: Medical Doxography and Hellenistic Monarchies", "date": "2014", "keywords": "420\u2013443; aristagoras; blood; chrysippus; cnidus; diogenes; erasistratus; evidence; galen; greek; medicine; pulse; son; student; studies; teacher; testimonia; ven.sect.er.rom; wellmann", "summary": "I is dated to 279 BCE, the right time for a fellow medical student of Erasistratus to flourish and perish.5 So Chrysippus filius was a court physician to Ptolemy Philadelphus and punished in the con- spiracy of Arsinoe I. Texts diverge on the fate of Chrysippus filius: he was executed according to the Theocritus scholiast but whipped according to Diogenes Laertius. Neither Chrysippus son of Aristagoras nor Chrysippus filius 4 Schol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15041", "words": "11796", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Zakowski, Samuel", "title": "\u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03ad \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 as a Parenthetical: A Structural and Functional Analysis, from Homer to Menander", "date": "2014", "keywords": "answer; brinton; clause; discourse; greek; hearer; instances; interrogative; matrix; parenthetical; position; question; speaker; studies; zakowski; \u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03ad \u00b5\u03bf\u03b9", "summary": "\u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03ad \u00b5\u03bf\u03b9, \u03c4\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9- \u03c4\u03b5, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03af \u00b5\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u2019 \u1f02\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5; Stop. It is more accurate to state that he utters a proposition (\u1f66 \u03a7\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9) in the form of a question; by including \u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03ad \u00b5\u03bf\u03b9, the strength of the proposition is enhanced, without that propo- sition being altered as such: Chaerephon\u2019s answer (\u2018he is being serious\u2019 or \u2018he is joking\u2019) is not influenced by the addition of \u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03ad \u00b5\u03bf\u03b9.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15045", "words": "4079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Anghelina, Catalin", "title": "Eumaios\u2019 Knowledge of the Scar", "date": "2014", "keywords": "book; eumaios; eurycleia; odysseus; odyssey; penelope; recognition; scar; scene", "summary": "The issue at stake here is whether or how the servants could know of Odysseus\u2019 scar. 156 EUMAIOS\u2019 KNOWLEDGE OF THE SCAR \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 54 (2014) 146\u2013156 before the fight seem to be randomly conceived.30 The reason is that no one must exclaim in recognition on seeing Odysseus\u2019 scar.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15051", "words": "7199", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Porter, Andrew", "title": "Reconstructing Laomedon\u2019s Reign in Homer: Olympiomachia, Poseidon\u2019s Wall, and the Earlier Trojan War", "date": "2014", "keywords": "apollo; athena; epic; greek; herakles; hesiod; homer; homeric; iliad; laomedon; poseidon; reign; story; studies; tradition; trojan; war; zeus; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "My concern here, how- ever, is about Hesiodic or other traditions taking priority over the Homeric, of assuming that we must read Homer through the lens of other story traditions. Homer has Zeus provide the narrative:7 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c3\u1f7a \u03be\u1f7a\u03bd \u0392\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u1fc3 \u1f00\u03bd\u03ad\u00b5\u1ff3 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u00b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u2019 \u1f00\u03c4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1f70 \u00b5\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03af \u00b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03cc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u2019 \u03b5\u1f56 \u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15065", "words": "7433", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Dunn, Geoffrey D.", "title": "Is the Letter Credebamus post from Boniface I or Leo I?", "date": "2014", "keywords": "474\u2013493; bishop; boniface; corinth; credebamus; credebamus post; election; half; leo; letter; perigenes; post; roman; rome; rufus; studies", "summary": "As Perigenes died in 435 and is the subject of other letters in the Collectio Thessalonicensis between Boniface and Rufus (and other bishops of the region), which are dated to 11 March 422,22 it would seem that at least the second half of the letter must be associated with the 419 date and that the whole letter could not possibly have been written by Leo. In addition, I wish to examine this letter from Rome that gives us information about Perigenes within the context of its preservation in a collection of letters and address the unresolved question of authorship using par- tition theory as an interpretative tool.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15071", "words": "8519", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Martin, Gunther; Gruskov\u00e1, Jana", "title": "\u201cScythica Vindobonensia\u201d by Dexippus(?): New Fragments on Decius\u2019 Gothic Wars", "date": "2014", "keywords": "194v; 195r; cniva; decius; dexippus; fol; fols; fragments; goths; greek; gruskov\u00e1; gunther; jana; line; martin; new; philippopolis; scythica; studies; text; town; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The scribe uses common abbreviations (e.g. for -\u03b7\u03c2, -\u03bf\u03c2, -\u03b5\u03bd, -\u03c9\u03bd, -\u03bd)15 and occasionally suprapositions (e.g. 194v line 1, 195r line 2 ); in 194v line 19 he contracts the nomen sacrum \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u1f7d\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. 194v lines 9 and 23.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15075", "words": "10782", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Lavelle, Brian M.", "title": "Hippokleides, the \u2018Dance\u2019, and the Panathenaia", "date": "2014", "keywords": "agariste; athenian; athens; commentary; dance; festival; greek; herodotos; hippokleides; kleisthenes; lavelle; marriage; megakles; panathenaia; peisistratos; story; studies; tyrant", "summary": "Yet, for all of that and his year-long probation, things turn out quite badly for Hippokleides\u2014and all at once. Such a catastrophic lapse in behavior and judgment is surprisingly inconsistent with Hippokleides\u2019 chronically demonstrated excellence and moderation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15077", "words": "6861", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Tolsa, Cristian", "title": "Ptolemy and Plutarch\u2019s On the Generation of the Soul in the Timaeus: Three Parallels", "date": "2014", "keywords": "greek; inscription; moon; notes; plato; plutarch; ptolemy; scale; spheres; studies; sun; text; timaeus", "summary": "But it is also true that Aristotle had strongly criticized the musical analogy of the heavens,49 so that by silencing music Ptolemy could be said to have reached a better agreement between Plato and Aristotle.50 May, 2014 Barcelona ctolsa@gmail.com 49 Arist. There is also a significant proportion of Aristotelian and Stoic theory in the psychology and epistemology that Ptolemy develops in these chapters,35 but one can safely conclude that the cosmol- ogy based on musical ratios that Ptolemy displays at the end of these two treatises has its model in the Timaeus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15083", "words": "5404", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Gemin, Marco", "title": "Medea\u2019s Four Reasons", "date": "2014", "keywords": "encomium; eros; euripides; gorgias; greek; helen; jason; love; medea; reasons; studies", "summary": "She was \u03b8\u03c5\u00b5\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u1fbd, \u201csmitten in the soul\u201d (translation mine) the place affected by the phenomenon of \u1f14\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b9\u03c2, a physical trans- formation which can determine a change of state and opinion.8 This incidentally recurs in the Encomium of Helen (\u1f10\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, 16), where Gorgias describes the effects of an impressive view; the phenomenon would be worth exploring in both Euripidean and Gorgian texts, but discussion would take us too far afield.9 I focus on this first reason of Medea and its relation to Helen\u2019s first reason. Jason does not deny Medea\u2019s passion; he implicitly admits that it has been decisive for his own success and safety, but he re- fuses to ascribe it to Medea\u2019s credit, because the god is the only one responsible for her actions.12 Like Helen according to Gorgias\u2019 fourth reason, she has been \u201cconstrained by divine constraint\u201d (\u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15087", "words": "8800", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Political Parties in Democratic Athens?", "date": "2014", "keywords": "379\u2013403; assembly; athenian; athens; citizens; democracy; demosthenes; evidence; followers; greek; groups; hansen; leaders; ostraka; parties; party; sources; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "So the silence as to larger political groups is after all significant, and strongly implies that they did not normally exist. The point of resemblance is that important issues are decided by popular vote, and so the ground is prepared for the formation of political groups, both among the followers (who vote) and among the leaders (who attempt to command a majority by controlling how the followers vote).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15089", "words": "5636", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Misthos for Magistrates in Fourth-Century Athens?", "date": "2014", "keywords": "404\u2013419; athenian; athens; century; democracy; demosthenes; gifts; greek; hansen; magistrates; misthos; pritchard; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "For the fifth century we have explicit evidence of misthos for magistrates23 but in spite of the much better sources we have for the fourth century there is not yet a single piece of evidence that shows beyond doubt that the many hundreds of Athenian magistrates were paid by the polis. At 145 we hear that Isokrates has abstained \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f60\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u00b5\u1f73\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f01\u03c0\u1f71\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u1f73\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15097", "words": "9962", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Christensen, Joel P.", "title": "Trojan Politics and the Assemblies of Iliad 7", "date": "2014", "keywords": "achilles; agamemnon; antenor; assemblies; assembly; book; christensen; council; greek; hektor; homer; idaios; iliad; nestor; paris; politics; priam; speech; studies; trojan; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "As Mackie argues, Talking Trojan 15\u201326, Trojan assemblies are more chaotic than their Achaean counterparts: they exhibit fewer speech- exchanges and are characterized by their noise. No Achaean gathering begins with such a request \u2014in fact, an initial plea for attention may have a marked use in the Iliad; the imperative \u201chear me\u201d is used for mixed groups where the authority of the speaker or the parameters of the speech-situation are in doubt.43 Since Priam addresses a mixed group (allies and Trojans), it may be appropriate that he calls them to attention in the same way.44 The context, on the other hand, suggests another explanation: perhaps there still is dis- order in the assembly, both as a feature of Trojan assemblies in general and as an indication of ongoing reactions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-151", "words": "10507", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "93", "author": "De Groote, Marc", "title": "Joannes Geometres\u2019 Metaphrasis of the Odes: Critical Edition", "date": "2004", "keywords": "add; deut; doj\u00e3zoite; efiw; geom; geometres; groote; g\u221ew; hom; ier; joannes; ka\u2039; luc; marc; metaphrasis; mou; odes; ofl; post; p\u00e3nta; p\u00e7n; reg; sic; term\u00e3tvn; to\u00e1w; to\u00eb; t\u00abn; t\u00f8n; t\u00fan; t\u221ew; ye\u00faw; \u00edco\u00ebte", "summary": "\u00a7b\u00d2hsa \u00a7n yl\u00c6ch mou E 3 k\u00f4ke\u203anow HLF fy\u00e3nh L 6 kuklo\u203aw F pl\u221eyow ] k\u00caklv L (pl\u221eyow Lb.mg) o\uf8fftow bohy\u00daw ka\u2039 skepast\u00d8w ka\u2039 pr\u00d2mow, str\u00b0fvn", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15105", "words": "4501", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Gibson, Craig A.", "title": "Encomium and Thesis in Galen\u2019s De parvae pilae exercitio", "date": "2014", "keywords": "ball; benefits; encomium; exercise; galen; greek; headings; practice; praise; studies; thesis; treatise", "summary": "Theon says that the aim of thesis is to persuade an audience of citizens in general in an assembly (120.23\u201325); similarly, Galen\u2019s thesis aims to convince his ideal readership of pepai- deumenoi, arguing that small ball playing is a good exercise for everyone and is superior to other exercises. The same feature is found in thesis exercises, but whereas Libanius\u2019 encomium mentions the divine origin of the practice mainly in order to defend and exalt his choice of topic, in thesis this heading is turned more to the service of argument.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1511", "words": "8829", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Elizbarashvili, Eliso", "title": "The Formation of a Hero in Digenes Akrites", "date": "2010", "keywords": "akrites; beaton; byzantine; death; digenes; digenes akrites; dragon; elizbarashvili; emir; georgian; greek; hero; life; poem; ricks; roman; saints; studies; theodore; warrior; wife", "summary": "On the basis of these historical and geographical identifications Gr\u00e9goire created the Paulician theory, that the Digenes epos echoes the Paulician heresy that is reflected only in the Slavic version of the poem; the archetype of the Greek versions, especially G and E, is the result of loyalist revision: H. Gr\u00e9goire, \u201cNote sur le Dig\u00e9nis slave,\u201d Byzantion 10 (1935) 335\u2013 339; \u201cNotes on the Byzantine Epic: The Greek Folk-songs and their Im- ELISO ELIZBARASHVILI 439 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 50 (2010) 437\u2013460 tifications and their importance has led to a paradoxical and illogical conclusion\u2014that the Greek versions of Digenes Akrites have survived in such modified and distorted form that they have almost nothing in common with the archetype. \u1f08\u03ba\u03f0\u03c1\u03f1\u1f77\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 131, \u0394\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u1f75\u03c2 89, and \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u1f77\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 22; in E \u1f08\u03ba\u03f0\u03c1\u03f1\u1f77\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 35, \u0394\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u1f75\u03c2 22, \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u1f77\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2, and \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u1f77\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 2. 24 A. R. Dyck \u201cThe Taming of Digenes: The Plan of Digenes Akrites, Grottaferrata Version, Book VI,\u201d GRBS 35 (1994) 293\u2013308: the episode of Digenes\u2019 meeting with the emperor serves to demonstrate the independence and importance of the hero, as does the meeting with the Apelatai.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15131", "words": "10402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "MacDougall, Byron David", "title": "Michael Choniates at the Christian Parthenon and the Bendideia Festival of Republic 1", "date": "2014", "keywords": "byzantine; chain; choniates; christian; divine; festival; god; greek; gregory; lamp; light; metaphor; michael; moses; oration; parthenon; passing; plato; race; relay; roman; studies; theoria; torch; tradition; truth; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 273\u2013299 generation to the next (776A7\u2013B4): \u1f67\u03bd \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u00b5\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u1f74 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f51\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f00\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf- \u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u1f05\u00b5\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bb\u03b1\u00b5\u03c0\u03ac- \u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u1fc6\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bb\u03ac\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b2\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5, \u03bf\u1f37\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f74 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c8\u03ae- \u00b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u1f11\u03c8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15133", "words": "11156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Pazdernik, Charles F.", "title": "The Quaestor Proclus", "date": "2014", "keywords": "charles; claim; croke; daube; emperor; empire; greek; history; john; justin; justinian; kavadh; khusro; law; office; pazdernik; persian; power; proclus; procopius; proposal; quaestor; quaestor proclus; roman; son; studies; time; wars; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "Croke does not discuss this passage, and the omission is re- markable not only because the passage figures prominently in the derogatory attitude toward Justin that Croke means to redress, but also because it indicates that, in the Secret History, Procopius is positing Proclus, rather than Justinian, as an effec- CHARLES F. PAZDERNIK 223 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 221\u2013249 tive power behind the throne.4 The purpose of this paper is not so much to quibble with Croke but rather to suggest that the Quaestor Proclus merits closer attention than he has tended to receive and that Pro- copius\u2019 portrait of him is much more nuanced than has been recognized. In the former category Procopius situates Proclus and, implicitly, himself and his inscribed reader;5 in the latter, both Justin and Justinian.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15145", "words": "3652", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Chesi, Giulia Maria", "title": "The Bond of Consanguinity between Mother and Daughter: Agamemnon 1417\u20131418 and 1525", "date": "2014", "keywords": "agamemnon; bond; child; clytemnestra; consanguinity; daughter; greek; iphigeneia; mother; sacrifice", "summary": "In 1417\u20131418, Clytemnestra describes Agamemnon as the sacrificer of his own child, refers to Iphigeneia as the child to whom she has given life, and depicts Iphigeneia\u2019s death as the necessary condition to win favorable winds for sailing to Troy and waging war:1 \u1f14\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u1f51\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b1, \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u1f10\u00b5\u03bf\u1f76 \u1f60\u03b4\u1fd6\u03bd\u2019, \u1f10\u03c0\u1ff3\u03b4\u1f78\u03bd \u0398\u03c1\u1fc3\u03ba\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03b7\u00b5\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd he sacrificed his own child, the she-child I laboured to launch on her life-lot, to charm the winds of Thrace As has been observed, the word \u1f60\u03b4\u03af\u03c2 expresses the biological 1 Translations are, with a few variations, from H. Lloyd-Jones, Aeschylus. Accordingly, (a) Clytemnestra\u2019s claim to the autonomy of the maternal body in reproduction, and (b) her defence of the biological bond of philia between mother and daughter are the crucial elements of her explanation of the murder of Agamemnon as retaliation for the father\u2019s violence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15147", "words": "10541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Wellenbach, Matthew C", "title": "The Iconography of Dionysiac Choroi: Dithyramb, Tragedy, and the Basel Krater", "date": "2014", "keywords": "basel; basel krater; choreuts; chorus; choruses; context; csapo; dithyramb; figure; greek; hydria; krater; performance; studies; tragedy; tragic; vases", "summary": "First, Demosthenes dis- cusses only the dithyrambic chorus he sponsored at the Great Dionysia of 348, one of twenty dithyrambic choruses that would have performed at that festival, in addition to whatever dithyrambic performances took place at other festivals during the same year.15 It seems unlikely that this description of a 11 Schmidt, AntK 10 (1967) 75. 12 Dem. 21.15 ! Eric Csapo and Jeffrey Rusten have recently proposed that these vase-paintings represent dithyrambic performance, and, while debate will inevitably persist, their conclusions are gain- ing acceptance.48 Csapo first made a connection between 46 J. R. Green, \u201cA Representation of the Birds of Aristophanes,\u201d in Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum II (Malibu 1985)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15149", "words": "4925", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Hyland, John O.", "title": "The Prince and the Pancratiast: Persian-Thessalian Relations in the Late Fifth Century B.C.", "date": "2015", "keywords": "315\u2013328; aristippos; athens; century; cyrus; darius; greek; pancratiast; persian; poulydamas; prince; studies; thessalian; thessaly", "summary": "For Poulydamas and Herakles see Paus. A political purpose for Poulydamas\u2019 travel would be especially at- tractive given the subsequent cooperation between Darius\u2019 son, Cyrus the Younger, and a cabal of Thessalian guest-friends.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15155", "words": "11309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Skouroumouni Stavrinou, Aspasia", "title": "The opsis of Helen: Performative Intertextuality in Euripides", "date": "2014", "keywords": "comedy; comic; costume; door; egypt; egyptian; euripides; fifth; genre; greek; helen; menelaus; new; opsis; performance; play; skouroumouni; space; stage; studies; theoclymenus; tragedy", "summary": "23 E.g. Allan, Helen 158; Burian, Helen 13; R. D. Friedman, \u201cOld Stories in Euripides\u2019 New Helen: \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u1ff3 \u03b3\u2019 \u1f14\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 (Hel. 1056),\u201d Phoenix 61 (2007) 195\u2013211, at 201, 204; D. M. Juffras, \u201cHelen and Other Victims in Euripides\u2019 Helen,\u201d Hermes 121 (1993) My object of study is performance.5 Musical codes excluded, I focus on aspects of 4 For comedy in scenes see e.g. W. Allan, Euripides: Helen (Cambridge 2008) 209\u2013210; P. Burian, Euripides: Helen (Oxford 2007) 3; W. G. Arnott, \u201cEuripides\u2019 Newfangled Helen,\u201d Antichthon 24 (1990) 1\u201318, at 14 ff.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15157", "words": "7548", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Gottesman, Alex", "title": "Reading the Arrivals of Harpalus", "date": "2014", "keywords": "alexander; arrival; athenians; athens; city; decree; demosthenes; gottesman; harpalus; philocles; studies; suppliant; supplication; time; tyrant; und; war; worthington; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "ALEX GOTTESMAN 179 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 176\u2013195 to allow Harpalus entry, and then a return in the guise of a suppliant, and admission into the city in such guise. Many have tackled the Harpalus Affair from these perspectives, without providing a completely satisfactory account of it.1 Here I focus on an aspect whose significance, to my knowledge, has gone unnoticed: the way in which Harpalus arrived at Athens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15159", "words": "12980", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Betancourt, Roland", "title": "The Thessaloniki Epitaphios: Notes on Use and Context", "date": "2014", "keywords": "altar; apostles; a\u00ebr; byzantine; carrying; christ; church; communion; deacon; entrance; gifts; greek; holy; liturgy; monastery; paten; scene; studies; textile; thessaloniki epitaphios", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 489\u2013535 melismos depicted on the wall-paintings of the period would have been literalized upon the altar as the deacon set the asterisk itself on the folded Thessaloniki Epitaphios on the altar. See also Sharon Gerstel, \u201cCivic and Monastic Influences on Church Decoration in Late Byzantine Thessaloniki,\u201d DOP 57 (2003) 225\u2013239, esp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15171", "words": "4299", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Tolsa, Cristian", "title": "The \u2018Ptolemy\u2019 Epigram: A Scholion on the Preface of the Syntaxis", "date": "2014", "keywords": "boll; epigram; heiberg; manuscripts; page; pal; ptolemy; studies; synesius; syntaxis; text", "summary": "As Boll demonstrated, verbal allusion to this epitaph was common in epigrams that advocated exactly the contrary kind of life that Sardanapalus celebrated, and was especially apt for referring to Ptolemy\u2019s preface because Ari- stotle, who is cited by Ptolemy (I.1 5.8 Heiberg), was known to have expressed his criticism of Sardanapalus in this matter.18 As we see in the anthology, this was sometimes the case with epigrams written on manuscripts such as the ones in the series Anth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15173", "words": "8377", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Stadter, Philip A.", "title": "Plutarch\u2019s Compositional Technique: The Anecdote Collections and the Parallel Lives", "date": "2014", "keywords": "agesilaus; anecdotes; ap.lac; ap.reg; collection; greek; life; lives; pelling; plutarch; roman; stadter; studies; xenophon", "summary": "See also, with particular reference to Caesar, C. Pelling, Plutarch Caesar: translated with an introduction and commentary (Oxford 2011) 36\u2013 42. This paper began as the second half of a paper delivered at the Leuven Symposion \u201cInterpreting Composition in Plutarch,\u201d 5\u20137 July 2001, at the same time as Christopher Pelling\u2019s paper on a closely related topic, sub- sequently published as C. Pelling, \u201cThe Apophthegmata regum et imperatorum and Plutarch\u2019s Roman Lives,\u201d in C. Pelling, Plutarch and History.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15175", "words": "9634", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Bitner, Bradley J.", "title": "Augustan Procedure and Legal Documents in RDGE 70", "date": "2014", "keywords": "a.d; augustan; bitner; case; chians; chios; copy; court; decision; documents; evidence; governor; greek; inscription; letter; party; procedure; proconsul; roman; sherk; studies; text; vetus", "summary": "Furthermore, this inscription demonstrates the keen awareness in at least one provincial community of the value of Roman legal documents and decisions in the Julio-Claudian era and portrays the ser- iousness with which one governor received and acted upon such duly presented and authenticated documents.5 G. P. Burton has insisted that the social and historical realia of the assize are essential considerations for any study of Roman provincial jurisdiction.6 We may account for the \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f77- prefix by recall- ing the Latin ob- in the word group obsignare, obsignatus, terms used generally for the sealing of Roman legal documents of various kinds.72 This is a reasonable assumption of Latin inter- ference given that the Greek term appears nowhere else in the literary or documentary sources.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15177", "words": "1820", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Antonopoulos, Andreas P.", "title": "A Puzzling Threat by Silenos: On Sophocles\u2019 Ichneutai 168", "date": "2014", "keywords": "cowardice; jones; lloyd; noise; satyrs; silenos", "summary": "Therefore I urge (with Wecklein) \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c8\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae[\u03c3]\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5. \u03b5\u1f30 \u00b5\u1f74 \u2019\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5[\u03c4\u03b5] \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f45\u03c0\u1fc3 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf[\u03bd], \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c8\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae[\u03c3]\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15185", "words": "9910", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Acerbi, Fabio", "title": "Unaccountable Numbers", "date": "2015", "keywords": "902\u2013926; acerbi; arithmetica; diophantine; diophantus; fact; greek; numbers; psellus; ratio; sentence; sign; species; square; studies; system; tannery; text; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03bb\u1fc6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2; \u1f00\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u00b5\u03cc\u03c2; \u1f04\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2", "summary": "This manuscript contains Nicomachus Introductio arithmetica (ff. 4r\u201357v), Diophantus Arithmetica and De polygonis numeris (58r\u2013130v and 130v\u2013135v), Cleonides/[Euclid] Apparently, Diophantus did not distinguish between denominations of particular numbers and of species in the case of \u201cpowers\u201d higher than the cube, either.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15189", "words": "6567", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Dik, Helma", "title": "\u2018Most likely to succeed\u2019: Degree Adverbs Specifying Probability in Classical Greek", "date": "2014", "keywords": "adverbs; case; degree; dik; expressions; greek; interpretation; likelihood; modal; smith; studies; \u00b5\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1; \u1f25\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1; \u1f34\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2", "summary": "A further quite similar example is in 6.9.2, \u03bd\u03bf\u00b5\u03af\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41\u00b5\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f43\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03ce\u00b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u00b5\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f02\u03bd \u1f41 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u2019 \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf \u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9. 4.80.3 is a similar case, with a degree expression incompatible with \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9: \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f00\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6- \u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u00b5\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f04\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9, \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce- \u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u00b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f35\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f20\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u00b5\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f02\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9- \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u201cThey made proclamation that all Helots who claimed to have rendered the Lacedaemonians the best service in war should be set apart, ostensibly to be set free.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15191", "words": "19049", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Neer, Richard T.; Kurke, Leslie", "title": "Pindar Fr. 75 SM and the Politics of Athenian Space", "date": "2014", "keywords": "acropolis; agora; altar; athenian; athens; base; century; city; classical; date; dionysos; dithyramb; evidence; gods; greek; hesperia; horai; kurke; leslie; location; neer; new; omphalos; oxford; pindar; poem; politics; richard; roman; sanctuary; space; studies; thucydides; zeus", "summary": "This is old Athens\u2014and, more specifically, Peisistra- tid Athens. As L. R. Farnell ___ (T\u00fcbingen 2001) 210, argue that omphalos refers to the Acropolis; C. Schnurr, \u201cDie alte Agora Athens,\u201d ZPE 105 (1995) 134\u2013135, argues for the Altar of Zeus Agoraios in the old agora of Athens (on this see below).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15193", "words": "11910", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Salas, Luis Alejandro", "title": "Fighting with the Heart of a Beast: Galen\u2019s Use of the Elephant\u2019s Cardiac Anatomy against Cardiocentrists", "date": "2014", "keywords": "account; alejandro; anatomy; animals; aristotle; claims; cordis; elephant; galen; greek; heart; heart bone; luis; rivals; salas; structure; studies; support; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "Julius Rocca argues persuasively that Galen posits at least one other structure theoretically important to his human physiology and psychology by analogy from the ox, namely the retiform plexus (rete mirabile).9 Given his regular and frequent use of ruminants for anatomical research, Galen would also have been well acquainted with the os cordis in oxen and sheep. Here and at AA II 620, Galen treats hearts as structurally and functionally analogous across air-breathing creatures, which are themselves coextensive with the class of creatures Galen and Aristotle call \u201cblooded\u201d (ta enaima).23 The viscera that are identical across species are structurally identical although they need not be materially so.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1521", "words": "7849", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Schmitz, Thomas A.", "title": "Epigrammatic Communication in Callimachus\u2019 Epigrams", "date": "2010", "keywords": "bing; bruss; callimachus; communication; epigrams; g.-p; greek; inscription; reader; reading; schmitz; speaker; studies; text; voice", "summary": "370\u2013390 \u00a9 2010 Thomas A. Schmitz Epigrammatic Communication in Callimachus\u2019 Epigrams Thomas A. Schmitz URING THE LAST DECADE Hellenistic epigram has seen a steep surge in scholarly work.1 One important factor for this renewed interest was undoubtedly the publica- tion of the Milan papyrus containing what appears to be our earliest example of a collection of poems arranged and com- posed by one Hellenistic author, Posidippus of Pella; this dis- covery immediately spurred a minor industry of scholarly work.2 The recent publication of a number of important in- dividual works and collected volumes on epigram (both Hel- lenistic and archaic) indicates the vigorous interest of scholars.3 1 Callimachus is quoted here after the edition by Rudolf Pfeiffer (Oxford 1949\u20131953); translations are my own. 5 [1993]) 119\u2013130, at 121\u2013123; Meyer, Inszeniertes Lesevergnu \u0308gen 214\u2013215; on dialogue in Hellenistic epigram (both literary and inscriptional) see Anja Betten- worth, \u201cThe Mutual Influence of Inscribed and Literary Epigram,\u201d in Bing/Bruss, Brill\u2019s Companion 69\u201393, at 86\u201389.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15211", "words": "11375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Bentein, Klaas", "title": "Particle-usage in Documentary Papyri (I\u2013IV A.D.): An Integrated Sociolinguistically-informed Approach", "date": "2015", "keywords": "a.d; bentein; byzantine; contexts; discourse; documentary; e.g.; greek; iii; language; letters; new; papyri; particles; role; studies; texts; usage; use; wakker; \u00b5\u1f73\u03bd; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f77", "summary": "Some Aspects of \u00b5\u1f75\u03bd in Tragedy,\u201d in A. Rijksbaron (ed.), New Approaches to Greek Particles (Amsterdam 1997) 210\u2013213; S. E. Porter and M. B. O\u2019Donnell, \u201cCon- junctions, Clines and Levels of Discourse,\u201d Filologia Neotestamentaria 20 (2007) 3\u201314. M. E. Thrall, Greek Particles in the New Testament: Linguistic and Exegetical Studies (Leiden 1962), and J. Blomqvist, Greek Particles in Hellenistic Prose (Lund 1969).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15213", "words": "7035", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Murata, Koji", "title": "The Mongols\u2019 Approach to Anatolia and the Last Campaign of Emperor John III Vatatzes", "date": "2014", "keywords": "akropolites; anatolia; byzantine; emperor; end; expedition; greek; iii; john; john iii; macrides; michael; mongols; m\u00f6ngke; nicaea; studies; trial; year; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "First, a peace agreement between John III Vatatzes and Michael II Doukas of Epiros is presented, in which they arranged a marriage between a granddaughter of John III, Maria, and a son of Michael II, Nikephoros. This last expedition of John III is unique for its long dura- tion: two years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15217", "words": "7703", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Baratz, Daphne", "title": "The Repetitive Verse: A Comparative Study in Homeric, South Slavic, and Ugaritic Poetry", "date": "2014", "keywords": "1\u201324; colon; composition; cta; day; example; formula; greek; homer; homeric; lord; place; poetry; repetition; second; slavic; south; structure; studies; verse; words", "summary": "But when Dawn of the braided hair brought the third day at last, then I took my spear and my sharp sword, and hastened up from the ship to a vantage-point\u2026 Conclusions I have tried to demonstrate that repetitive structures are regularly employed in oral poetry by examining two corpora, Ugaritic and South Slavic; each belongs to a different time and is of a different stylistic and literary character.23 Among the various types of repetitive structures we saw in particular the repetition of the \u2018expanded colon\u2019 in Ugaritic poetry and found that a somewhat similar way of expression is characteristic of South Slavic poetry as well. Lo their lips sweet, sweet as pomegranates Similar patterns in South Slavic verse A principle which bears a certain similarity to the expanded colon of Ugarit can also be found in South Slavic verse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15219", "words": "7588", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Potamiti, Anna", "title": "\u03b3\u03c1\u1f77\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u1f77\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd: Playing at Riddles in Greek", "date": "2014", "keywords": "american; anna; ath; brine; clearchus; context; culture; drinking; folklore; game; greek; journal; potamiti; riddles; riddling; studies; symposion; wine; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The riddling game The term for \u2018riddle\u2019, \u03b1\u1f34\u03bd\u03b9\u03b3\u00b5\u03b1, appears for the first time in Pindar, where it is used in reference to the riddle of the Sphinx (fr.177.d).11 \u03b1\u1f36\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, a term used of proverbs and animal fables, is also sometimes employed to refer to riddles (Clearchus of Soli fr.95 Wehrli = Panarces a.1 The folk character of Greek riddles is acknowledged as a matter of fact in older works that deal with the subject, but the factors reifying this quality have not been explored.9 In this ___ don 1989)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15225", "words": "8776", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Mikellidou, Katerina", "title": "Euripides\u2019 Heracles: The Katabasis-Motif Revisited", "date": "2015", "keywords": "children; dead; death; euripides; family; greek; heracles; hero; infernal; katabasis; life; motif; play; rebirth; return; ritual; studies; tragedy", "summary": "16 On Heracles\u2019 struggles with death see H. A. Shapiro, \u201cHeros Theos: The Death and Apotheosis of Herakles,\u201d CW 77 (1983) 7\u201318; J. C. Gibert, \u201cEuripides Heracles 1351 and the Hero\u2019s Encounter with Death,\u201d CP 92 (1997) 247\u2013258, at 256\u2013257; M. Davies, \u201cVariazioni su un tema di kata- basis,\u201d Eikasmos 19 (2008) 263\u2013271. Katabasis and the theme of life and death The use of katabasis to present Heracles as an extreme form of heroism is only part of the story.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15229", "words": "6026", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "41", "author": "Pfuntner, Laura", "title": "Reading Diodorus through Photius: The Case of the Sicilian Slave Revolts", "date": "2014", "keywords": "books; byzantine; century; diodorus; events; excerpta; photius; revolts; roman; sicily; slave", "summary": "34.2.1\u201323 and 36.1\u20132, 3\u20139.1, 10 = Photius Myriobiblos cod. Constantini Porphyrogeniti I\u2013IV (Berlin 1903\u20131910); and F. S. Walton, Diodorus Siculus XII Books 33\u201340 (Cambridge [Mass.] 1967), with select corresponding fragments in Goukowsky, Diodore, noted below in the Appendix.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15231", "words": "6193", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "West, III, William C.", "title": "Learning the Alphabet: Abecedaria and the Early Schools in Greece", "date": "2014", "keywords": "52\u201371; abecedaria; agora; alphabet; byzantine; cent; century; graffiti; greek; learning; lsag; roman; school; studies; writing", "summary": "The Etruscan language has not been deciphered, but the Etruscans of course used Greek letters. The cup bears a virtually complete Ionic alphabet (and, above it, the beginning of another attempt at writing the alphabet): \u03b1\u03b2\u03b3\u03b4\u03b5\u03dd\u03b6[\u03b7\u03b8\u0323]\u03b9\u03ba\u03bb\u00b5[\u03bd]\u03be\u03bf\u03c0q\u03c1[\u03c3]\u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u03c7\u03c8\u03c9[\u2013 \u2013?] From Formello we have a bucchero amphora in the Villa Giulia, inscribed with two examples of the Etruscan alphabet, possibly dated 650\u2013600 (LSAG pl. 48.20): \u03b1\u03b2\u03b3\u03b4\u03dd\u03b5\u03b6\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03bb\u00b5\u03bd\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u039cq\u03c1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03c6\u03c8 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b3\u03b4\u03b5\u03dd\u03b6\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03bb\u00b5\u03bd\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u039cq\u03c1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03c6\u03c8 A plaque from the Sanctuary of Poseidon and Amphitrite at Penteskouphia, near Corinth, of 575\u2013550, has an abecedarium written boustrophedon (LSAG 117, pl. 20.16):", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15243", "words": "7589", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Thomsen, Christian Ammitzb\u00f8ll", "title": "The Eranistai of Classical Athens", "date": "2014", "keywords": "154\u2013175; associations; athens; borrower; century; creditors; eranistai; eranos; evidence; finley; hoi; horoi; ii2; loan; seg; studies; thomsen; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "(3) The appearance of other private associations such as orge\u00f4nes and thias\u00f4tai among the creditors suggests that money- lending was a common activity of private associations. If, however, the eranistai of the horoi could be shown to be associations, the rise of private associations will have to be pushed back to the middle of the fourth century and, con- sequently, their role in Athenian society will have to be re- 3 E. Ziebarth, Das griechische Vereinswesen (Leipzig 1896)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15245", "words": "8523", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Depauw, Mark; Stolk, Joanne", "title": "Linguistic Variation in Greek Papyri: Towards a New Tool for Quantitative Study", "date": "2014", "keywords": "century; corrections; database; editorial; greek; irregularities; language; papyri; roman; studies; study; text; variation; words", "summary": "Percentage of corrected words in Greek papyrological texts, 300 B.C. to A.D. 800 The graph shows some clear longer-term evolutions as well as 15 For a detailed description of the procedure see B. Van Beek and M. Depauw, \u201cQuantifying Imprecisely Dated Sources: A New Inclusive Meth- od for Charting Diachronic Change in Graeco-Roman Egypt,\u201d in Ancient Society 43 (2013) 101\u2013114. 0 \u00a0 0.01 \u00a0 0.02 \u00a0 0.03 \u00a0 0.04 \u00a0 0.05 \u00a0 0.06 \u00a0 0.07 \u00a0 0.08 \u00a0 -\u00ad\u2010300 \u00a0-\u00ad\u2010200 \u00a0-\u00ad\u2010100 \u00a0 1 \u00a0 101 \u00a0201 \u00a0301 \u00a0401 \u00a0501 \u00a0601 \u00a0701 \u00a0 MARK DEPAUW Percentage of \u03b5/\u03b1\u03b9 interchange in Greek papyrological texts, 300 B.C. to A.D. 800 There are differences between Graph 1 with the general evolu- tion and Graph 2, but on the whole there are more similarities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15247", "words": "9313", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Anagnostou-Laoutides, Eva", "title": "An Instance of Pathological Love in the Greek Anthology and Elizabethan Poetry", "date": "2015", "keywords": "anagnostou; anth.gr; anthology; asclepiades; carew; companion; danae; epigram; gold; greek; hellenistic; laoutides; literature; love; oxford; passion; poems; samos; studies; terence; thomas; women; zeus", "summary": "Spearheading the tradition of love epigrams, Asclepiades is the first to suggest that his passion is improper and almost ab- normal.35 Consequently, Asclepiades\u2019 employment of lascivious Danae, and therefore of all prostitutes featuring in his epigrams, must be understood as corroborating his careful characterization of the obsessed lover.36 In adapting the lyric emphasis on (pro- fessed) personal experience,37 which Asclepiades chose to place at the core of his poetry, he often invests it with references to Athenian drama. He refers to Danae again in 2.32.59\u201362 where he comments on Cynthia\u2019s faithlessness, so typical of the attitude of contemporary Roman women in elegy, but also of legendary heroines who enjoyed furtive liaisons and accepted gifts in exchange for sexual favours.52 Danae is here compared to Pasiphae, the frenzied mistress of a bull, and appears to have been seduced rather than raped by Zeus.53 Propertius\u2019 refer- ence to the rumours that tarnish Cynthia\u2019s reputation and cas- tigate her acceptance of erotic gifts is obviously extended to the circumstances surrounding Pasiphae and Danae, emphasizing the Roman distrust of Danae\u2019s account of her violation by Zeus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15257", "words": "14963", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Bouras-Vallianatos, Petros", "title": "Galen\u2019s Reception in Byzantium: Symeon Seth and his Refutation of Galenic Theories on Human Physiology", "date": "2014", "keywords": "431\u2013469; aristotle; bouras; bvx; byzantine; byzantium; capacities; case; century; cod; corr; darem; galen; galenic; greek; iii; medical; michael; parts; petros; psellos; reception; refutation; semen; seth; studies; symeon; symeon seth; tacite; text; vallianatos; works; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "Ac- cording to Galen generation is an activity (\u1f10\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1) regulated by two capacities, the alterative (\u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae) and the shaping (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae). Although he seems to consider that the menstrual fluid might at least make a partial contribution, as Aristotle had suggested, he then refers to the theory that the secretion found in the vagina might be female semen, while he also asks whether there might be a third kind of seed.70 In fact, in On Semen Galen considers that both male semen and menstrual blood have a material prin- ciple.71 Symeon\u2019s objection to the inconsistencies in Galen\u2019s theories between his works is not unreasonable, since Galen\u2019s views in On the Natural Capacities also contrast with his statement in his On Mixtures, where he does not clarify the particular contribution of blood as distinct from that of semen in the con- struction of vessels and other parts of the fetus.72 It is notable ___ (1970) 1\u201352, at 10\u201315.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15267", "words": "1731", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Zellmann-Rohrer, Michael", "title": "Protective Iambic Incantations on Two Inscribed Octagonal Rings", "date": "2015", "keywords": "greek; ring; roman", "summary": "| %'(* | -+|*,* 6\u20137 :;<= ring, l. %+&,* \u201cI, a god, command that the belly not produce pain.\u201d 5 7'(*: !", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15275", "words": "8701", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Nachtergaele, Delphine", "title": "Variation in Private Letters: The Papyri of the Apollonios Strategos Archive", "date": "2015", "keywords": "apollonios; apollonios archive; archive; byzantine; cribiore; eudaimonis; formula; greek; greetings; health; language; letters; p.brem; p.giss; studies; variation; wish; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd; \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78", "summary": "Nacht \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016) 140\u2013163 2016 Delphine Nachtergaele Variation in Private Letters: The Papyri of the Apollonios Strategos Archive Delphine Nachtergaele 1. Introduction1 ARIATIONIST SOCIOLINGUISTICS has emphasized that variation is inherent to natural everyday (synchronic) language: language users constantly make choices between various so-called linguistic variables and they alternate among these possible choices according to the context of the utter- ance.2 On a linguistic level, the choice between linguistic var- iables is insignificant, as they are synonymous; on a social level, however, it is meaningful. Others, e.g. Exler, The Form, did not provide information on the corpus they were working on. 142 VARIATION IN PRIVATE LETTERS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15277", "words": "5205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Bongiovanni, Roberto", "title": "Aristomakhou as a Proper Noun in the Prooimial Priamel of Pindar\u2019s Pythian 10", "date": "2015", "keywords": "aleuadae; aleuas; aristomachus; boeckh; foil; greek; heracleidae; herculis; heyne; lacedaemon; noun; pindar; pythian; roberto; schmidt; sons; studies; thessaly; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u1f00\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u00b5\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5", "summary": "There is no known alternate source that can confirm a direct line of descent from Aristomachus to the sons of Aleuas (\u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 in Pindar). The first critical review of the evidence for the Aleuad claim of descent from Aristomachus appeared in August Boeckh\u2019s edi- tion of Pindar\u2019s odes (1821).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15293", "words": "4257", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Broux, Yanne", "title": "Graeco-Egyptian Naming Practices: A Network Perspective", "date": "2015", "keywords": "broux; component; egyptian; greek; names; naming; network; roman; studies", "summary": "The Egyptian part is more homogeneous, with only a couple of Greek names and a single Latin one, while the Greek part con- tains more names of varied linguistic origin. In other words, people with Greek names chose from a more limited onomastic set.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15301", "words": "9622", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Notario, Fernando", "title": "Food and Counter-cultural Identity in Ancient Cynicism", "date": "2015", "keywords": "ath; counter; cuisine; culinary; culture; cynics; diog; diogenes; eating; eds; food; greek; identity; laert; lentils; life; notario; social; ssr; studies; world", "summary": "FERNANDO NOTARIO 587 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 583\u2013607 that Cynic counter-cultural attitudes towards food had a cen- tral role in the construction of both Cynic identity and the way wider socio-cultural groups perceived these somewhat shocking philosophers. It is almost a commonplace to state that at least 75\u201380% of daily Greek food was composed of them.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15303", "words": "4621", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Nassar, Mohammad", "title": "The Geometric Mosaics at Qusayr Amra in Context", "date": "2015", "keywords": "byzantine; church; fig; jordan; mosaics; motif; nassar; pavements; piccirillo; roman; room; studies", "summary": "28 L. Morricone, \u201cScavi e ricerche a Coo, 1935\u201343, Relazione prelimi- nare,\u201d Bollettino d\u2019arte 35 (1950) 65\u201366, 327\u2013330; G. Rocco, \u201cL\u2019isola di Coo. Gli scavi nell\u2019isola,\u201d in La presenza italiana nel Dodecaneso (Catania) 77\u201381; L. de Matteis, \u201cThe Mosaics of the Early Christian Basilicas on the Island of Kos,\u201d in 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics (Istanbul 2011) 339\u2013 351, fig. 67\u201368, no. 93; R. Hachlili, Ancient Mosaic Pavements (Leiden/Boston 2009) 113, fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15309", "words": "8155", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Fries, Almut", "title": "Demetrius Triclinius and Responsion between Non-consecutive Strophes in Greek Drama", "date": "2015", "keywords": "almut; antistrophe; aristophanes; byzantine; codd; colometry; demetrius; euripides; fries; greek; nub; oxford; responsion; scholia; smith; sophocles; strophe; studies; text; triclinius; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The Re- censions of Demetrius Triclinius (Leiden 1975), ch. 2\u20134, on Triclinius\u2019 use of ancient metrical terminology and his growing awareness of strophic re- sponsion; and also G. Pace, \u201cSul valore di \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u1ff3\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f79\u03c2/\u1f10\u03c0\u1ff3\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f79\u03c2/\u00b5\u03b5\u03c3\u1ff3\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f79\u03c2 in Demetrio Triclinio,\u201d Lexis 32 (2014) 376\u2013392. 95\u201396, with further literature, especially O. Hense, Heliodoreische Untersuchungen ALMUT FRIES 537 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 536\u2013557 Present-day appreciation of Triclinius\u2019 abilities is mixed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1531", "words": "7894", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Buszard, Bradley", "title": "A Plutarchan Parallel to Arrian Anabasis 7.1", "date": "2010", "keywords": "alexander; anab; anabasis; arrian; caesar; diodorus; greek; parallel; plans; plutarch; rivalry; roman; sea; sources; studies", "summary": "Alexander xlix\u2013lxii; R. Fla- celi\u00e8re and E. Chambry, Plutarque: Vies IX Alexandre-C\u00e9sar (Paris 1975) 11\u2013 25; and the collation (though not the analysis) in J. E. Powell, \u201cThe Sources of Plutarch\u2019s Alexander,\u201d JHS 59 (1939) 229\u2013240. When Arrian tries to sum up Alexander\u2019s character at the end of his Anabasis, he falls back on the pattern which Xenophon had used in describing Cyrus; he does not attempt to compare one source with another or one verdict with another, but simply offers his own opinions, not borrowed from anyone else.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15311", "words": "13170", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Paradeisopoulos, Iordanis K.", "title": "Analogies between Xenophon\u2019s Parasang and Hamilton\u2019s Post-hour", "date": "2015", "keywords": "anat; armstrong; bayburt; distance; erzurum; greek; hamilton; hours; ind; journey; map; miles; paradeisopoulos; parasangs; porter; post; road; route; smith; studies; trabzon; xenophon", "summary": "Hamilton\u2019s statement shows, first, that the post- horses were employed in walking, not galloping;15 and second, that the post-hour equaled one hour\u2019s walking distance, i.e. it equaled the Persian farsang, and possibly the parasang.16 In the same paragraph, Hamilton provides his estimate for the dis- tance: post-hours \u201cmay on an average be considered as equal to ___ man official in charge of the journey], at the moderate price of one piastre, or about twopence halfpenny per hour for each of our nine horses.\u201d Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 353\u2013390 Table 3: Analogies for alternative \u2018lengths\u2019 of the parasang From the 192 segments of Hamilton\u2019s journeys (ca. 7800 km), segments in which the absolute difference between parasangs and post-hours is Alternative \u2018lengths\u2019 (in km) of the parasang used in comparisons with Hamilton\u2019s post-hour less than 1 between 1 and 2 more than 2 4.9 78 69 45 5.0 (Boucher) 97 61 34 5.1 94 65 33 5.2 106 55 31 5.322 (30 Attic stadia) 114 49 29 5.4 122 43 27 5.5 124 44 24 5.6 128 40 24 5.7 128 42 22 5.768 (30 Olympic stadia)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15317", "words": "11741", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Resh, Daria D.", "title": "Toward a Byzantine Definition of Metaphrasis", "date": "2015", "keywords": "byzantine; century; choiroboskos; daria; definition; greek; ioannes; manuscripts; metaphrasis; paraphrase; redaction; resh; roman; studies; symeon; text; tradition; treatise; tryphon; version; \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2; \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd; \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78", "summary": "Resh \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 754\u2013787 2015 A DARIA D. RESH 755 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 754\u2013787 well as in the Barlaam and Ioasaph, a Byzantine best seller in its own right, and, finally, the imitations by writers of the Palai- ologan period are the most telling examples.2 Considering the impact of Symeon\u2019s menologion and the on- going discussion on the origins of the metaphrastic movement \u2014Symeon Logothetes\u2019 menologion was only the culmination of a trend, which started at least in the early ninth century\u2014it is crucial to ask whether Byzantine sources contain any theoreti- cal reflections on the notion of metaphrasis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15325", "words": "8330", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Pachoumi, Eleni", "title": "The Religious and Philosophical Assimilations of Helios in the Greek Magical Papyri", "date": "2015", "keywords": "assimilations; concept; cosmos; daimon; divine; egyptian; god; greek; helios; influences; jewish; magician; mithras; mixture; pachoumi; papyri; powers; spell; studies; sun; systasis; \u00b5\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "In the \u201cMithras Liturgy\u201d (IV.475\u2013829) Helios is assimilated to Mithras, \u1f41 \u00b5\u1f73\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 Helios Mithras (482), who has revealed his mysteries for immortality to the initiated magician and author of that spell. The spell for fore- knowledge and memory called \u201cA copy from a holy book\u201d (III.424\u2013466) greets \u201cHelios Mithras\u201d (462).8 In the spell III.98\u2013124, included in the spell III.1\u2013164, \u201cthe greatest (\u00b5\u1f73\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5) Mithras\u201d is associated with Helios, addressed as \u201cthe holy king, the sailor, who controls the tiller of the great god\u201d (100\u2013103 and 81\u201382).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15331", "words": "10323", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Verhasselt, Gertjan", "title": "The Hypotheses of Euripides and Sophocles by \u2018Dicaearchus\u2019", "date": "2015", "keywords": "608\u2013636; aristophanes; bud\u00e9; century; collection; dicaearchus; diggle; euripides; gertjan; hypotheses; luppe; meccariello; narrative; papyrus; plays; plot; rhesus; sextus; sophocles; studies; title; van; verhasselt; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "The supposed conjecture cannot be based on the reference to Dicaearchus in the Medea hypothesis, since Triclinius\u2019 manuscript does not have this section and that text does not cite a hypothesis but Dicaearchus\u2019 Life of Greece.56 Triclinius does not know Dicaearchus from Salustius\u2019 Oedipus Tyrannus hypothesis (= F 101) or the learned Rhesus hypothesis (= F 114) either: the Laurentian manuscript does not contain the former and reads \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u1f77\u03b1\u03bd in the latter (written by his brother Nicolaus Triclines).57 According to Meccariello, it might ultimately go back to the inscriptio of a manuscript of narrative hypotheses, which opened with the Alcestis; at a later stage, Dicaearchus\u2019 name may have been attached to the initial hypothesis instead of the entire collection.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15337", "words": "3143", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Ja\u017cd\u017cewska, Katarzyna", "title": "Dio Chrysostom\u2019s Charidemus and Aristotle's Eudemus", "date": "2015", "keywords": "aristotle; charidemus; dialogue; dio; eudemus; life; passage; phaedo; plato; soul", "summary": "6 Recent scholarship tends to assume that in the Eudemus Aristotle argued for immortality of the intellect only, not of the soul. We do not know who the interlocutors were; Aristotle may have been one of the speakers.3 From Cicero\u2019s De 1 For Plato see J. Moles, \u201cThe Dionian Charidemus,\u201d 187\u2013210, and M. Trapp, \u201cPlato in Dio,\u201d 213\u2013239, in S. Swain (ed.), Dio Chrysostom.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15339", "words": "10193", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kousoulini, Vasiliki", "title": "Panhellenic and Epichoric Elements in Corinna's Catalogues", "date": "2015", "keywords": "82\u2013110; alcman; asopus; audience; boeotian; catalogue; corinna; daughters; epic; genre; greek; lyric; panhellenic; partheneia; poems; poetry; studies; women", "summary": "As mentioned above, it is possible that Antiope was mentioned in Corinna fr.654. It is not certain that there was a Boeotian school of Catalogues of Women associated with Hesiod, but Corinna\u2019s work seems to draw mythological material, motifs, and word- ing mostly from Panhellenic (Hesiodic Catalogue, Homer) cata- logues of women.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15367", "words": "5629", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Claytor, W. Graham; Bagnall, Roger S.", "title": "The Beginnings of the Roman Provincial Census: A New Declaration from 3 BCE", "date": "2015", "keywords": "bagnall; bce; census; claytor; declaration; egypt; evidence; harthotes; roman; studies; tax; year", "summary": "in census declarations submitted to local officials becomes common from 89 on, although the earlier censuses were probably likewise set in motion by prefectural edict.9 As usual, the papyrological evidence from Egypt provides the most-detailed picture of the workings of this system. Otherwise, there are census declarations before that year only from Oxyrhynchos, but these do not follow the same formula, and some of them are uncertainly dated.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15373", "words": "8280", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Ast, Rodney; Lougovaya, Julia", "title": "Cybele on the Red Sea: New Verses from Berenike", "date": "2015", "keywords": "ast; berenike; col; cybele; greek; line; lougovaya; papyrus; sea; studies; verses; word", "summary": "[, and the last letter may be (9, $9, or 29 6 The first letter might be 69; #9$# is also possible; at line end, below 2 in 5, is top of either & or - 7 b#59&5'9 or b#59&5b9 fit traces best 9 An apparent circumflex over a lost letter in this line is visible below and slightly to the right of the nu in 8 13 b*:9[ possibly b*:9[b'+(?); below the line, there is a wavy stroke that looks more elaborate than a paragraphus 14 or #69; this and following line in ekthesis ca. 3 letters. c may belong to col. 2, to the right of lines 9 to 11, as fibers and the writing appear to line up across the fragments, but there are no ob- vious verbal or physical connections proving this placement.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15375", "words": "8409", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Miletti, Lorenzo", "title": "Rediscovering Myths in the Renaissance: The Calydonian Boar and the Reception of Procopius\u2019 Gothic War in Benevento", "date": "2015", "keywords": "arms; benevento; boar; calydonian; century; city; coat; del; diomedes; franco; greek; history; lorenzo; miletti; naples; procopius; relief; renaissance; roman; rome; settala; studies; translation; war; work", "summary": "796 REDISCOVERING MYTHS IN THE RENAISSANCE \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 788\u2013811 Figure 1: Biblioteca Capitolare of Benevento MS. 63, f.[2], detail Courtesy of the Biblioteca Capitolare and the Archdiocese of Benevento city\u2019s coat of arms, characterized by a leftward-looking21 hir- sute black boar on the upper part of the shield, while the lower part is divided into four squares, alternatively white and red, symbolizing respectively the Pope and the civic community ( fig. 2).22 See also, more recently, E. Petrucci, \u201cBenevento,\u201d Enciclopedia Dantesca I (Rome 1970) 219; G. Vergineo, Storia di Benevento e dintorni I\u2013II (Benevento 1985); G. A. Loud, Montecassino and Benevento in the Middle Ages: Essays in South Italian Church History (Aldershot 2000); J.-M. Martin, \u201cBenevento,\u201d Enciclopedia Federiciana (Rome 2005); also the essays collected in E. Cuozzo (ed.), Benevento immagini e storia (Atripalda 2010).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15395", "words": "6908", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Tolsa, Cristian", "title": "Philosophical Presentation in Ptolemy\u2019s Harmonics: The Timaeus as a Model for Organization", "date": "2015", "keywords": "almagest; astronomy; beginning; harmonics; mathematics; philosophy; plato; preface; presentation; ptolemy; roman; studies; timaeus; work; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Tolsa \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 55 (2015) 688\u2013705 2015 Cristian Tolsa Philosophical Presentation in Ptolemy\u2019s Harmonics: The Timaeus as a Model for Organization Cristian Tolsa HANKS TO his astronomical observations recorded in the Almagest and the text of his Canobic Inscription,1 we can place Ptolemy\u2019s activity in the middle of the second century at Alexandria.2 His work is mainly valued in the history of science for its contribution to planetary theory, but that same scientific interest that Ptolemy awakens has in part obscured other, not strictly mathematical features of his works.3 The third strategy that Ptolemy displays in the preface of the Almagest is the imitation of philosophical discourse: he does not just say that he is engaging in philosophy, but also writes as though he were writing a philosophical treatise.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1541", "words": "14347", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "The Concepts of Demos, Ekklesia, and Dikasterion in Classical Athens", "date": "2010", "keywords": "aeschin; assembly; athenian; case; citizens; court; democracy; demos; demosthenes; dikasterion; ekklesia; hansen; jurors; meeting; ober; people; polis; sense; sources; speech; studies; view; \u03b4\u1f75\u00b5o\u03c5; \u03b4\u1fc6\u00b5o\u03c2; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4o\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "57.56, o\u1f50 \u00b5\u1f79\u03bdo\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0o\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u00b5\u1f73\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u1f09\u03bb\u03b9\u00b5o\u03c5\u03c3\u1f77\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u00b5o\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03f0\u03c5\u03c1\u03f1\u03b9\u1f7d\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03f1\u2019 \u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u1f75\u03c1\u03f1\u03b9\u03b1, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b2o\u03c5\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4o\u1fe6 \u03b4\u1f75\u00b5o\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f77\u03c9\u03c2. 3.15\u201316, \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03b4\u1fc6\u00b5o\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c2 \u2026 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03f1o\u03c4\u1f79\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c6\u1f75\u03b2\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u00b5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u1f77\u03b1\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f51\u00b5\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 o\u1f31 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u00b5o\u03ba\u03f0\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f77\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bd\u1f79\u00b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u1f7b\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03f0\u03b5\u03c2, o\u1f53\u03c2 \u1f21 \u03c4\u1f7b\u03c7\u03b7 \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03f0\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c1\u03f1o\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1\u03f1 \u03c4o\u1fe6 \u03b4\u1f75\u00b5o\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03f0\u1f71\u03c3o\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u2026 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f73\u03c4\u03c1\u03f1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5\u03bd, \u03c6\u03b5\u1f77\u03c3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4o\u1fe6 \u03c4o\u03b9\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1\u03b3\u00b5\u1f73\u03bdo\u03c5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15471", "words": "11585", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Radding, Jonah", "title": "Clytemnestra at Aulis: Euripides and the Reconsideration of Tradition", "date": "2015", "keywords": "aeschylus; agamemnon; audience; aulis; bee; cassandra; character; clytemnestra; electra; euripides; fact; greek; iphigenia; jonah; semonides; speech; studies; tradition; tragedy; use; woman", "summary": "Moreover, such a confluence of similarities suggests that Euripides wrote the ag\u014dn of the IA with that of the Electra firmly in mind, particularly as the differences between these two characterizations of Clytemnestra emerge primarily, and most compellingly, through these same similarities. Indeed, I shall argue, Euripides not only rehabilitates the figure of Clytemnestra throughout the IA: he does so in direct contrast to other tragic versions of the character, and he highlights her newfound virtue with specific 1 Translations by the author unless otherwise noted.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15483", "words": "10156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kampakoglou, Alexandros", "title": "Danaus \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2: Greco-Egyptian Mythology and Ptolemaic Kingship.", "date": "2015", "keywords": "alexandria; apis; argos; berenice; bull; callimachus; connection; danaus; delos; dionysus; egyptian; empedocles; greek; osiris; philetas; ptolemaic; stephens; studies; victoria; victory; zeus; \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2", "summary": "A descendant of Io, Danaus journeyed with his fifty daughters from Egypt to Argos in order to avoid marrying his daughters to the fifty sons of his brother, Aegyptus.6 At Argos Danaus replaced the autochthonous mon- arch Pelasgus and instituted his own dynasty which through his 3 Cf. Danaus \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2: between Epaphus and Dionysus Fr.54 is structured in ring composition, and, as Susan Stephens notes, \u201cby moving the reader from the Greek cow- born descendant of Io (Danaus) to the Egyptian (Apis), Cal- limachus occludes the differences and draws the unknown into the comfortable orbit of Greek myth.\u201d22", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15485", "words": "9379", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Gal\u00e1n Vioque, Guillermo", "title": "Joseph Scaliger\u2019s Notes on Quintus of Smyrna\u2019s Posthomerica", "date": "2015", "keywords": "book; catalogue; copy; d\u2019orville; edition; gal\u00e1n; greek; guillermo; joseph; l o1; l o2; leiden; liber; library; libri; manuscripts; notes; o1 o2; o2 p; quinti; quintus; rhodomann; scaliger; smyrna; studies; uel; vian; vioque; xiv; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "L O1 O2 p 549 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u1f72\u03bd \u03b5\u1f56\u03c4\u03b5 \u00b5\u1f79\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 L 552 \u1f00\u00b5\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u1f73\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd O1 558 \u1f31\u03ba\u1f73\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5 O1 587 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f75\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1 O1 O2 p 592 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u1fc7 O1 599 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5 O1 606 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f30 O1 O2 p 615 \u1f22 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f65\u03c2 O1 618 \u1f22 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 O1 627 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 O1 630 \u1f61\u03c2 \u00b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f34\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf O1 637 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u00b5\u1f73\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f05\u03c8\u03b5\u03b1 \u03c0\u1f71\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 L O1 645 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 O1 648 \u03c4\u1f79\u03b4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u1f77 \u03b3\u03b5 O1 651 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u1f26 O1 656 et 661 \u03b4\u03b5 O1 668 \u03c4\u03b9 O1 669 \u1f10\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u1f71\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf O1 670 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u1f7b\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u1f79\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf O1 O2 p 675 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b7\u1f73\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u00b5\u03c6\u1f76 \u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 L \u2022 \u1f00\u1f71\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd uel \u1f00\u00b5\u03b5\u1f77\u03bb\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u00b5\u03c6\u1f76 \u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 O1 686 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03b2\u1f75\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf O1 O2 p 693 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bf\u00b5\u1f73\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 O1 O2 p 696 \u1f20\u03bb\u03b9\u03b2\u1f71\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 O1 700 \u1f00\u03bd\u1f70 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c6\u1f73\u03b1 O1 706 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u1f7b\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 O1 O2 p 711 \u00b5\u03bd\u1f75\u03c3\u03b1\u03b8\u2019 \u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u039a\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u1f77\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 L \u2022 \u00b5\u03bd\u1f75\u03c3\u03b1\u03b8\u2019 \u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u0396\u03b7\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 O1 722 \u03c0\u03bf\u1f76 \u03bd\u03b5\u1f77\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u00b5\u1f7b\u03b8\u1ff3 L \u2022 \u00b5\u1f71\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u1f77\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 uel \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u1f77\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u00b5\u1f7b\u03b8\u1ff3 O1 723 \u03c6\u03c1\u1f73\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f20\u03bb\u03b5\u1f73 \u03c4\u1f77\u03c2 \u03bd\u1f7b \u03c3\u03b5 L O1 746 \u1f00\u03c0\u2019 \u1f10\u03ba \u00b5\u03b5\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9\u03bd O1 O2 p 772 \u03c5\u1f31\u1f73\u03b1 O1 773 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03c4\u1f73\u03c4\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u1f71\u03ca\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 L O1 779 \u1f10\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u00b5\u03b1\u1f77\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd O1 804 \u03bf\u03b9\u0314 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f73\u03b8\u03b1\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd O1 O2 p 806 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u2019 \u1f02\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c6\u1f76 L O1 O2 p 827 \u1f10\u03ba\u1f77\u03b4\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf O1 Liber secundus 1 \u1f40\u03c1\u1f73\u03c9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03b7\u1f73\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd L 11 \u1f45\u03c0\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 O1 30 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u0301 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 O1 O2 p 34 \u1f26 \u03bd\u03c5 \u03bf\u1f30 O1 50 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03b5\u1f77\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03bb\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c2 O1 O2 p 51 \u00b5\u1f75\u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c0\u1f71\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 O1 O2 p 56 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u1f71\u03ba\u03b9 L O1 O2 p \u2022 \u03c6\u1f73\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 L O1 O2 p 57 \u03b4\u1ff6\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd \u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03ba\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd L : \u1f02\u03c8 \u03b4\u1f79\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd \u1f61\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03ba\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd O1 O2 p 59 \u1f10\u00b5\u03bf\u1f76 O1 64 \u1f94\u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f36\u03c8\u2019 \u1f00\u1fd3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 O1 O2 p 71 \u03c0\u1f71\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd O1 72 \u1f04\u03b3\u03b5 \u03b4\u1f74 O1 85 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u1f7b\u03c1\u1fc3 \u2026 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u1f73\u03c0\u03c4\u1fc3 O1 O2 p 110 \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b7\u03ca\u03b1 O1 115 \u00b5\u03b7\u03c4\u1f73\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 O1 116 \u1f00\u03b8\u1f71\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u1f77\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u1f72\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u1f71\u03bb\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1 L O1 p : \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u00b5\u1f73\u03bd\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u1f71\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b1 O2 380 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u1f7b\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf O1 386 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u1f73\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u1f77\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd; \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 L O1 O2 p 396 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u1f73\u03bb\u03b5\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 O1 398 \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u00f3\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd 956 JOSEPH SCALIGER\u2019S NOTES ON QUINTUS OF SMYRNA \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15509", "words": "7427", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Ugaglia, Monica", "title": "Aristotle and the Mathematical Tradition on diast\u0113ma and logos: An Analysis of Physics 3.3, 202a18-21", "date": "2015", "keywords": "actuality; aristotle; diast\u0113ma; greek; interval; logos; motion; movable; mover; ratio; studies; terms; \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac- \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u00b5\u03b1 \u1f13\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f15\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f13\u03bd \u00b5\u03ad\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f41 \u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7 \u03b5\u1f37\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f41\u00b5\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u03b4\u03b9\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f34\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u1f45\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u00b5\u03b1 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb- \u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f37\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f30\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u00b5\u03b1 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u1f13\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u1f00\u03c6\u2019 \u1f11\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f11\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b2\u02b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f13\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f11\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1551", "words": "3123", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Petrides, Antonis K.", "title": "Aegina, Thucydides Son of Melesias, and Aristophanes\u2019 Acharnians 709: An Old Crux Revisited", "date": "2010", "keywords": "acharnians; aegina; aphaea; aristophanes; euathlos; greek; melesias; studies; thucydides; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "12 Thus Olson, Aristophanes Acharnians 254 (\u201cthe behaviour \u2026 was offen- sive\u201d). This is more probably Aristophanes than Kallistratos, especially if the former\u2019s alleged ties with Aegina are factual.16 Aegina is prominent both in the Acharnians and in the life of Thucydides.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15515", "words": "7808", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Nikolaev, Alexander", "title": "Ten Thousand Eyes: The Story of \u1f0c\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03c0\u1f79\u03c2", "date": "2015", "keywords": "812\u2013831; achaemenid; aegimius; alexander; argus; avestan; century; cow; eyes; figure; greek; hesiod; iranian; limc; mi\u03b8ra; myth; nikolaev; persian; sources; studies", "summary": "Before we discuss this and other possible parallels between Greek Argus and Persian Mi\u03b8ra in detail, a few remarks on the nature of the available evidence are in order. We have thus seen that there are a number of cor- respondences between Persian Mi\u03b8ra and Greek Argus in the fifth-century version of the myth: both creatures of divine origin have ten thousand eyes, are excellent guards, and are archetypal cowherds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15517", "words": "7400", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "The Dependent Polis: Further Considerations, in Response to Pierre Fr\u00f6hlich", "date": "2015", "keywords": "autonomoi; centre; communities; concept; fr\u00f6hlich; greek; hansen; hell; mantinea; notion; polis; sense; sources; status; studies; thuc; xen; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u1f79\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "His examples are (1) poleis that were members of a federation, (2) the perioikic poleis of Lakedaimon and Messenia, (3) Notion, the port of the polis of Kolophon, but itself with the status of dependent polis, (4) Helisson in Arkadia and Koresia on Keos as examples of poleis transformed into civic subdivisions of their larger neighbours without losing the status of polis. Fr\u00f6hlich (662\u2013 666) selected for discussion a number of what I have classified as examples of dependent poleis, i.e. communities called poleis in sources of the Archaic and Classical periods or known for one or more of the institutions characteristic of a polis, but also at- tested as being politically dependent on other poleis and thereby deprived of autonomia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15519", "words": "6732", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Is Patrokleides\u2019 Decree (Andoc. 1.77\u201379) a Genuine Document?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "amnesty; andokides; canevaro; decree; document; genuine; greek; harris; lists; patrokleides; speech; studies", "summary": "Re (2): Canevaro and Harris state that in decrees of the late fifth and early fourth centuries \u201ca clause beginning with \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u1f75 is followed by an infinitive indicating the proposal of the speaker and the decision of the Assembly,\u201d and they point out that \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u1f75 followed by \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u1f77\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u1fc6\u00b5\u03bf\u03bd is unparalleled in Athenian decrees. From these three observations Sommerstein infers (50) that Demophantos\u2019 decree \u201cmust have been inserted into the text of Andokides at a later (probably Hellenistic) date\u201d; and he suggests that \u201cit might have been extracted from a collection of Athenian decrees such as that of Krateros and inserted here in the mistaken belief that it was the law Andocides was citing.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15533", "words": "6410", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Woods, David", "title": "The Byzantine Eagle Countermark: Creating a Pseudo-Consular Coinage under the Heraclii?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "byzantine; coinage; coins; countermark; eagle; eagle countermark; heraclius; studies; use", "summary": "Thirdly, the suggestion that Nicetas authorized the use of the eagle countermark may help explain the rather late date by which his new military mint at Alexandria seems to have begun striking coins, only in indiction 14 beginning September 610, late, that is, if, as seems likely, he had completed his conquest of most of Egypt by the spring of 610.33 The countermarking of coins may have begun in summer 610 as the prelude to the striking of the new consular coinage, and in that sense, as a temporary expedient before the striking of new coins in the names of the two Heraclii as consuls, the coins bearing the eagle countermark may be described as pseudo-consular coins. Reverse, eagle countermark", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15537", "words": "4867", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Mayhew, Robert", "title": "Aristotle and Chamaeleon and Anonymous in the Margins of Genev.gr. 44", "date": "2015", "keywords": "aristotle; chamaeleon; greek; homer; iliad; scholion; studies; text; war; zeus; \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9", "summary": "Il. 21.390 as follows: Aristotle claimed there is nothing improper about Zeus\u2019 character as portrayed in Il. 21.388\u2013390; he is enjoying with due moderation watching the other Olympians engaged in war (and there is no inconsistency between that portrayal and Zeus\u2019 chastisement of Ares in Iliad 43 68\u201381 2016 Robert Mayhew Aristotle and Chamaeleon and Anonymous in the Margins of Genev.gr. 44 Robert Mayhew N ILIAD 5, Zeus addresses Ares with a surprising level of hostility (890\u2013891): \u1f14\u03c7\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ad \u00b5\u03bf\u03af \u1f10\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bf\u1f33 \u1f4c\u03bb\u03c5\u00b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7 \u03b1\u1f30\u03b5\u1f76 \u03b3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u00b5\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u00b5\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15541", "words": "3256", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Paradiso, Annalisa", "title": "Peleus and Acastus\u2019 Wife between Nicolaus of Damascus and Aelian", "date": "2016", "keywords": "acastus; atalante; nicolaus; peleus; suda; wife; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The aorist passive of \u1f10\u03c1\u03ac\u03c9 is found nineteen times in Aelian;18 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u00b5\u03b1\u03b9 four times (NA 8.27, 15.19, 16.5 and 9), \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd twice (NA 7.10 and 15), the comparative \u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 eleven times,19 and \u1f10\u03bd\u03b8\u03cd\u00b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd at least once.20 Accordingly, we can conclude that the compiler(s) of the Suda depend(s) on two sources21 for the story of Peleus and Acastus\u2019 wife: one is Nicolaus of Damascus, who transmits the name of Atalante (\u03b1 4309, from Nicolaus F 55; see also \u03b1 809 and \u03c5 708, derived from \u03b1 4309). For a different tradition on Peleus see Diod.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15543", "words": "4602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Paradiso, Annalisa", "title": "Leonidas at Sphacteria", "date": "2016", "keywords": "entry; greek; leonidas; pylos; scholion; source; sphacteria; studies; suda; thermopylae; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd\u1f77\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "\u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u1f7c\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c4\u03b5 \u039b\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd\u1f77\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c6\u03c1\u1f79\u03bd\u03b7\u00b5\u03b1 \u1f22 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u1f77\u00b5\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f22 \u039a\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u1f77\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f00\u03c1\u03ba\u1f73\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1fec\u03c9\u00b5\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u1f79\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f30\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1fc4\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf, \u1f24\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf, \u03b5\u1f30 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1fec\u03c9\u00b5\u03b1\u03b9\u0308\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd \u03b5\u1f34\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03ba\u1f79\u03c2. \u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15547", "words": "6469", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Stamatopoulou, Zoe", "title": "The Quarrel with Perses and Hesiod\u2019s Biographical Tradition", "date": "2015", "keywords": "1\u201317; biographical; certamen; context; days; hesiod; hesiodic; homer; perses; poem; poet; quarrel; studies; works; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "On the piecemeal reception of Hesiod see also B. Graziosi, \u201cHesiod in Classical Athens: Rhapsodes, Orators, and Platonic Discourse,\u201d in Plato and Hesiod 111\u2013132; A. Ford, \u201cPlato\u2019s Two Hesiods,\u201d in Plato and Hesiod 133\u2013154, H. H. Koning, \u201cPlato\u2019s Hesiod: not Plato\u2019s alone,\u201d in Plato and Hesiod 89\u2013110; and Hunter, Hesiodic Voices 75\u201386. Aristophanes\u2019 Frogs 1030\u20131036 offers an indica- tion of how Hesiod\u2019s didactic poem would fit in the context of a collection aimed at isolating the most essential and useful contributions of literary authorities to the common good.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15551", "words": "12497", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Nuti, Erika", "title": "Manuel Chrysoloras\u2019 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u1f79\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5: Genre, Aims, Content, and Sources", "date": "2015", "keywords": "aristotle; byzantine; chrysoloras; emperor; erika; funeral; greek; laudandus; life; manuel; manuel chrysoloras; nuti; oration; rollo; ruler; speech; studies; table; text; theodore; virtue; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "Finally, I will reflect on the significance of its content and sources in relation to Chrysoloras\u2019 career and cultural en- vironment, in an attempt to ascertain whether they can tell us 8 Patrinelis and Sofianos, Manuel Chrysoloras 48\u201350. I \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u00b5\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 (Athens 1967) 185\u2013188; Patrinelis and Sofianos, Manuel Chrysoloras 53\u201354.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15561", "words": "10473", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Kaklamanou, Eleni; Pavlou, Maria", "title": "Reading the Proemium of Plato\u2019s Theaetetus: Euclides in Action", "date": "2016", "keywords": "account; conversation; dialogue; discussion; euclides; greek; knowledge; memory; philosophy; plato; proemium; reading; slave; socrates; studies; terpsion; theaetetus; time; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Moreover, the reader is rendered a witness to narrated events and is free to see and interpret things for himself without being guided to understand them in a particular way, influenced by evaluative comments from the narrator (e.g. He spoke convincingly; He replied in an abrupt way; He answered using words full of irony).46 The significance of this point becomes clearer if we consider other Platonic dialogues, where the central philosophical dis- cussion is narrated by Socrates to a friend or acquaintance. To use the terminology employed by Socrates in the aviary model (195C\u2013 200D), Theaetetus possesses (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9) this piece of information saved in his memory, but does not comprehend it (\u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9).19 b) Considering that other Platonic narrators, such as Cephalus and Apollodorus, appear perfectly capable of reciting from memory dialogues which they hear from others in the form of a \u03b4\u03b9\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, it is not satisfactory to suggest that Euclides\u2019 inability to narrate Socrates\u2019 exchange with Theaetetus by heart is symptomatic of his passive, non-dialectical reception of it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15565", "words": "4831", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Ito, Tadashi", "title": "Irrigation Holes in Ancient Greek Agriculture", "date": "2015", "keywords": "18\u201333; agriculture; greek; holes; land; round; sloping; studies; vines; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Table 5: Holes for plants Dimensions Vines Figs Olives Reference 4 feet 3 feet Syll.3 963.27\u201332 4 or 3 feet Gp. 5.12, 2.46.1 2.5\u20133 cubits Gp. 9.6.4 Depth less than 2.5 feet Diameter less than 2 feet Xen. 19.3 The Geoponika supplies important evidence for the use of \u03b3\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 on sloping lands: 2.46.2: \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u00b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b5\u1f50\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u1ff3, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u00b5\u1f74 \u1f10\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u1fc3, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u1fb3 \u03b3\u1fc7 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f10\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u1fb3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u0374. A plethron of old vines, in easily worked ground, with no weeds, even on sloping land, is often worked by three people, or if more difficult and weedy by five. In this paper the author considers irrigation holes (i.e. the \u03b3\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2)5 on sloping land, using the Geoponika6 compiled in the tenth century by the emperor Constantine VII, and demonstrates that there were holes, not terraces, on sloping land in antiquity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15567", "words": "10512", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Ross, Alan J.", "title": "Libanius the Historian? Praise and the Presentation of the Past in Or. 59", "date": "2016", "keywords": "293\u2013320; account; alan; ammianus; audience; autopsy; constans; constantius; deeds; emperor; form; greek; historians; historiography; history; julian; libanius; lucian; panegyric; relationship; ross; speech; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "It provides valuable details for Constans\u2019 and Constantius\u2019 activities during the 340s, a period rendered murky to modern examination on account of the loss of the early books of Ammianus\u2019 Res Gestae, and it is the earliest of a series of panegyrics addressed to Constantius.32 Libanius of course did not know that his speech would become source material for modern historians, but he himself openly alludes to historiographical practices at key moments throughout the speech. To modern eyes, a speech that praises Constantius may ap- pear anomalous amongst Libanius\u2019 surviving works.22 Libanius is perhaps best known as the staunch defender of the emperor Julian, particularly on account of a series of speeches addressed to Julian both during the emperor\u2019s short reign and after his death.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15571", "words": "12112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Joho, Tobias", "title": "The Revival of the Funeral Oration and the Plague in Thucydides Books 6-7", "date": "2016", "keywords": "account; alcibiades; athenians; athens; character; city; eve; expedition; funeral; funeral oration; hope; ideal; joho; nicias; oration; pericles; plague; revival; sicilian; studies; thucydides; time; tobias; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f00\u03ba\u00b5\u03ae; \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03c2; \u1f14\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2", "summary": "Building upon earlier work by Strasburger,2 Hellmut Flashar argued that Pericles\u2019 picture of Athens in the Funeral Oration is at variance with Thucydides\u2019 own depiction of the Athenians\u2019 actual conduct, which, far from being inspired by striving after virtue, seems driven by hard-headed power politics combined with oc- casional outbursts of frantic passions.3 Flashar concluded that Thucydides\u2019 goal is an ironic exposure of the tension between the true situation at Athens and the sugar-coated Periclean pic- ture.4 While Flashar is right to draw attention to this tension, his solution seems to presuppose an all-or-nothing opposition, which does not quite fit Thucydides\u2019 picture. Unity of polar opposites Konrad Gaiser observed that the fundamental principle at work in Pericles\u2019 account of the Athenian character is the com- bination of opposite tendencies, of which a person manages to 8 As we will see below, Thucydides stresses that on the eve of the Sicilian Expedition a wave of collective desire and hope overruns the Athenians.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15575", "words": "11405", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Bili\u0107, Tomislav", "title": "The Island of the Sun: Spatial Aspect of Solstices in Early Greek Thought", "date": "2016", "keywords": "ballabriga; bili\u0107; diurnal; greek; homer; island; latitude; movement; odyssey; ortygia; phrase; points; schol; solstice; studies; summer; sun; syrie; turnings; winter", "summary": "The problem is approached by an analysis of several heliotropia, devices for marking or measuring solar turnings, and the Greek notion of solar turnings themselves, which is in its turn studied through discussion of the occurrences of the phrase \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u1f76 (\u1f20\u03b5\u03bb\u1f77\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf) and its variants in traditional and in scientific texts.1 Both the name of the marking-device and the phrase with its 1 Both types of texts belong to a common Greek ethnographic context, which embraces a wide range of cultural phenomena. Although it is impossible to derive a precise latitude from the azimuths, TOMISLAV BILI\u0106 197 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016) 195\u2013224 to the Greeks from Pytheas\u2019 time onwards as Thoule, where the summer tropic and the always-visible circle become one.5 Indeed, it could be claimed that the sun turns at (the latitude of) that island.6 This study thus follows the Greek understand- ing of solstices or solar turnings in the context of successive prevailing cosmological frameworks, recognizing the decisive role of these frameworks in understanding the various authors\u2019 references to this phenomenon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15585", "words": "5301", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Is Teisamenos\u2019 Decree (Andoc. 1.83\u201384) a Genuine Document?", "date": "2015", "keywords": "andokides; assembly; canevaro; decree; document; harris; laws; nomothetai; stoa; teisamenos", "summary": "Mogens Herman Hansen N HIS SPEECH On the Mysteries 81\u201385 Andokides describes the revision and republication of Athenian laws which took place in the period 403\u2013399 in connection with the restora- tion of the democracy after the civil war between oligarchs and democrats. In discussions of the relationship between Teisamenos\u2019 de- cree and Andokides\u2019 account of it, there is an important aspect which is often forgotten and is not taken sufficiently into ac- count by Canevaro and Harris: Teisamenos\u2019 decree prescribes the procedures to be applied in connection with the revision and republication of Athenian laws.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15587", "words": "13969", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Raynor, Ben", "title": "Theorodokoi, Asylia, and the Cities of Macedonia", "date": "2016", "keywords": "225\u2013262; aristonous; asylia; cities; city; civic; communities; decrees; greek; hatzopoulos; institutions; kingdom; list; macedonian; pella; perlman; polis; royal; studies; theorodokoi; theoroi", "summary": "Then, in other lists from later in the fourth century, Macedonian cities begin to appear appointing theorodokoi.19 By the late third century, theorodokoi for 28 Macedonian cities were recorded in the \u2018Delphi Great List\u2019.20 Hatzopoulos followed Robert in seeing the appointment of a theorodokos as indicative of a city\u2019s political independence. 22 Hatzopoulos, Institutions I 473, following U. Kahrstedt, \u201cSt\u00e4dte in Ma- 230 THEORODOKOI, ASYLIA, AND THE MACEDONIAN CITIES \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016) 225\u2013262 increasing number of Macedonian cities appointing theorodokoi later in the century as representing an innovation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15591", "words": "10502", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Stolba, Vladimir F.", "title": "Two Hellenistic Defixiones from West Crimea", "date": "2016", "keywords": "a.d; athens; b.c; century; chersonesos; crimea; curse; defixiones; eds; form; greek; inscriptions; ipnb; iranian; law; lgpn; names; oir; orphans; roman; seg; stolba; studies; tablet; und; vladimir", "summary": "The presence of both Greek and non- Greek names provides important evidence of multicultural encounters in the Chersonesean countryside, which otherwise could be conjectured solely from the burial data6 and pottery assemblages.7 Here one can mention the first-century A.D. defixio from Emona (modern-day Ljubljana) found at the entrance area of a Roman villa.92 A comparable find context is also reported for the so-called tablet of Priscilla from Gross-Gerau published by Scholz and Kropp, who refer to a few other comparable cases.93 The presence of non-Greek names in our \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u00b5\u03bf\u03b9, which casts new light on the multicultural composition of the Cher- sonesean rural population, requires some additional comments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1561", "words": "4556", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Valente, Stefano", "title": "Choeroboscus\u2019 Prolegomena to Orthography: The Evidence of Psalm-Epimerisms and Ps.-Theodosius", "date": "2010", "keywords": "alpers; canon; choeroboscus; diphthong; epsilon; greek; iota; orthography; prolegomena; spelt; word; \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u1f45\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd", "summary": "\u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1\u03f1 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03f1\u1f71\u03c8\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c6\u03b8\u1f79\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f74 \u1f21 \u03bb\u1f73\u03be\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f40\u03c1\u03f1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f40\u03c1\u03f1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1\u03c6\u1f77\u03b1 \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03f0\u1f02\u03bd \u1f10\u03c1\u03f1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u1f77\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1\u03c6\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c0\u03c9 <\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u03bd\u1f79\u03bd\u03b1>, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u1f21\u00b5\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c6\u03b8\u1f79\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03f1\u03b1\u03c6\u1f79\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f34\u03c0\u03c9, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u0391\u1f30\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f04\u00b5<\u00b5>\u03b5\u03c215 \u03bb\u1f73\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03c1\u03f1\u03bf\u03c3\u1f78\u03bd \u03b5 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03bb\u1f73\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f10\u03ba\u03f0\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u1f75- \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15625", "words": "5186", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Meesters, Renaat Jos John", "title": "Ascending the Ladder: Editio Princeps of Four Poems on the Ladder of John Klimakos (Bodleian Baroccianus 141)", "date": "2016", "keywords": "byzantine; cycle; heaven; inc; jacob; john; klimakos; ladder; meesters; poem; steps; studies; virtues; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "RENAAT JOS JOHN MEESTERS 559 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016) 556\u2013571 John Klimakos, accompanied by the still-unedited commentary of Elias of Crete.15 The commentary is written in the margin and begins on f. 1r, where it surrounds a preface, ascribed in the manuscript to Daniel of Raithou.16 The Life of John Klimakos, written by the same Daniel, begins at the bottom of f. 1r (ff. 1r\u20136r),17 and is followed by the Letter by John of Raithou and the reply by John Klimakos (6r\u20139r); a prologue (9r\u20139v);18 a table of contents of the Ladder (9v\u201310r); the Ladder (10v\u2013288r); the same prologue as on 9r\u20139v (228r); a brief exhortation (228r\u2013 228v);19 the treatise To the Shepherd (228v\u2013247r); Poems 1 and 2 (247r); Poem 3 (247r\u2013247v); Poem 4 (247v); and quotes from various monks and church fathers, written by a different hand: Isaak the Syrian, Niketas of Herakleia, Theodoros Balsamon, Gregory of Nyssa, Maximos, Neilos, Markos, Thalassios, Basileios, and others (247v\u2013251r). Meesters \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016) 556\u2013571 2016 Renaat Jos John Meesters Ascending the Ladder: Editio Princeps of Four Poems on the Ladder of John Klimakos (Bodleian Baroccianus 141)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15635", "words": "6039", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Garstad, Benjamin", "title": "Alexander\u2019s Return to Greece in the Alexander Romance", "date": "2016", "keywords": "alexander; asia; campaign; cilicia; greece; greek; plutarch; recension; return; romance; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Alexander\u2019s relations with his regent could be strained at times, and Curtius reports that Antipater\u2019s victory at Mega- lopolis especially aroused the envy and indignation of Alexan- der (6.1.18): \u201cTo be sure, Alexander wished his enemies to be defeated, but he was by no means silent in expressing his dis- pleasure that Antipater had won the victory, thinking that whatever he had to cede to another\u2019s was subtracted from his own glory\u201d (quippe Alexander hostes vinci voluerat, Antipatrum vicisse ne tacitus quidem indignabatur, suae demptum gloriae existimans, quidquid cessisset alienae). Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend (New Haven 2007) 230\u2013254; but see also Stoneman, Greek Alexander Romance 28\u201332.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15639", "words": "11614", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Maiorov, Alexander V.", "title": "Angelos in Halych: Did Alexios III Visit Roman Mstislavich?", "date": "2016", "keywords": "343\u2013376; alexander; alexios; angelos; asia; byzantine; century; chersonesus; constantinople; crusaders; d\u0142ugosz; emperor; fiadoni; galatia; galicia; grala; greek; halych; iii; laskaris; maiorov; minor; roman; rus; sea; studies; theodore; thirteenth", "summary": "As for the origin of this report, he noted only that he could not establish its provenance.6 N. F. Kotliar also rejected the possibility that Alexios III stayed in Halych. The alliance between Alexios III and Roman led also to more stable relations with the Rus\u2019 population of the Lower Dniester and the Lower Danube.13 The military aid that Roman rendered to Alexios III was guaranteed by Roman\u2019s marriage to the niece of Alexios III, the elder daughter of the overthrown emperor Isaak II.14", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15641", "words": "7976", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Philippides, Marios", "title": "Venice, Genoa, and John VIII Palaeologus\u2019 Renovation of the Fortifications of Constantinople", "date": "2016", "keywords": "byzantine; byzantium; city; constantine; constantinople; emperor; fortifications; genoa; genoese; greek; incident; john; john viii; khalkokondyles; marios; palaeologus; paspates; pera; philippides; studies; venetians; venice; viii; walls; war; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "\u03c4\u1fc7 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f43\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f38\u03b1\u03bd\u03cd\u03ca\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae- \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u1fc3, \u1f10\u03be \u1f67\u03bd \u1f10\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7- \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u00b5\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u1f34\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f19\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. The treaty had been negotiated and signed by John VIII and the Venetians on 19 September 1442; the article disregarded by Constantine reads, in its Latin version: in quibus tabernis ordinatis sui", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15663", "words": "8693", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Van Hoof, Lieve; Manafis, Panagiotis; Van Nuffelen, Peter", "title": "Hesychius of Jerusalem, Ecclesiastical History (CPG 6582)", "date": "2016", "keywords": "century; chalcedon; church; commentary; council; cyril; defensione; ephesus; eutyches; facundus; greek; hesychius; history; hoof; jerusalem; juvenal; life; manafis; mopsuestia; nuffelen; p. van; pelagius; studies; theodore; van; work", "summary": "In the preserved oeuvre of Hesychius polemic is generally absent, but his Church History and the works against Chalcedon show that this has little to do with an irenic spirit: sermons were apparently not his chosen medium for polemic, whilst a history T L. VAN HOOF, P. MANAFIS, P. VAN NUFFELEN 505 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016) 504\u2013527 could serve that function. All in- formation in them is derived from works of Theodore and the acts of the Council of Ephesus and there is therefore no proof for the suggestion that Hesychius was himself present in Ephesus.8 F1 is highly polemical: Hesychius clearly understood Theodore as a source of inspiration for Nestorius.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15671", "words": "4070", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hilkens, Andy", "title": "A New Fragment of the Narratives of Conon", "date": "2016", "keywords": "agapius; chabot; chronicle; conon; greek; malalas; michael; roman; source; syriac", "summary": "The anonymous author of the Chronicle of 1234, for instance, not content with an account of the Trojan war that was based on John Malalas\u2019 summary of Dictys of Crete,8 opted instead for a long literary narrative which appears to be based on books from the Epic Cycle.9 Equally peculiar are adaptations and reinterpretations of five entries from the chronological canons of Eusebius\u2019 Chronicle, which are extant only in the Chronicle of Michael and reveal one of his sources\u2019 knowledge of Androgeus, an obscure figure from Vergil\u2019s Aeneid.10 Similarly popular was the myth of Romulus and Remus, for which the main sources were Eusebius and Malalas.11 A particularly popular event from the rich world of Greco- 2 On Malalas\u2019 and other Greek chronographers\u2019 use of mythographers see P. Van Nuffelen, \u201cMalalas and the Chronographic Tradition,\u201d in M. Meier et al. (eds.), The Sources of John Malalas (Stuttgart forthcoming), which the author very kindly allowed me to consult.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15675", "words": "4817", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Sassi, Nicol\u00f2", "title": "Mystical Union as Acknowledgment: Pseudo-Dionysius\u2019 Account of Henosis", "date": "2016", "keywords": "771\u2013784; acknowledgment; cause; dionysius; divine; god; greek; mystical; pseudo; studies; things; union; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u1ff7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u00b5\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f13\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b7\u00b5\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u00b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u00b5\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41\u00b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f01\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd- \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f45\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f02\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1fc7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9. \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03c9\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f22 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u00b5\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b5\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b6\u03ce\u00b5\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f35\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u00b5\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u1f21\u00b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd NICOL\u00d2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15681", "words": "6802", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Focanti, Lorenzo", "title": "The patria of Claudianus (FGrHist 282)", "date": "2016", "keywords": "author; berytus; byzantine; cameron; century; claudian; epigrams; evagrius; greek; nonnus; patria; poet; roman; studies; theodosius; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Two of these obscure poets are the panegyrist Aurelius Harpocration, who was in the imperial comitatus, and his nephew Apollon, known only from the testi- mony of papyri.59 Other poets flourished in the age of Theo- dosius: the already noted Cyrus, famous poet and powerful member of the court; the empress Eudocia, who wrote an epic on the Persian campaigns, a Homeric cento, a paraphrase of Daniel and Zechariah, and a poem on Saint Cyprian;60 Like other poets of the period, he made a literary career composing poetry for public occasions, offering his ser- vices to the cities, the aristocrats, and the imperial officials.67 He devoted his patria to four cities involved in the movements and the reforms of the imperial court between 408 and 450.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15683", "words": "11320", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kauffman, Nicholas", "title": "Nonnus\u2019 Dionysiaca and Late-Antique Discourse on Warfare", "date": "2016", "keywords": "battle; christian; constantine; context; dionysiaca; dionysus; discourse; enemies; epic; god; greek; homeric; indian; kauffman; mercy; military; mission; narrative; nicholas; nonnus; slaughter; studies; theodosius; victory; warfare; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "9 An important exception is R. Newbold, \u201cNonnus, Dionysus and Christianity,\u201d in M. A. Prost, The Paraphrase of the Gospel of St. John (Ventura 2003) 259\u2013270; Newbold suggests a connection between the violence of 742 NONNUS\u2019 DIONYSIACA AND DISCOURSE ON WARFARE \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016) 740\u2013770 This paper explores Christian resonances in the Dionysiaca that go beyond the specifically theological, showing that the epic\u2019s battle scenes reflect and engage with the complex con- temporary discourse on warfare, and especially warfare under a Christian empire. Dionysus and religious violence in Nonnus\u2019 world.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15691", "words": "3957", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Philpott, Patrick", "title": "Weak at the Knees: Two Iliadic Formulae", "date": "2016", "keywords": "dead; formulae; greek; homer; studies; \u03b3\u03c5\u1fd6\u03b1", "summary": "D 7.6 Tiredness; rowers simile \u03c0\u1f79\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u1f7b\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u00b5\u1f71\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b3\u03c5\u1fd6\u03b1 \u03bb\u1f73\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, ND 7.11\u201312 U 13.412 Deiphobos hits Hypsenor, later carried off groaning \u1f27\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u1f77\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u1f36\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b3\u03bf\u1f7b\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u1fbd \u1f14\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15693", "words": "14129", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "The Authenticity of the Law about Nomothesia inserted in Demosthenes Against Timokrates 20\u201323", "date": "2016", "keywords": "438\u2013474; assembly; athenian; authenticity; canevaro; demosthenes; document; ekklesia; epicheirotonia; greek; hansen; inscriptions; law; laws; new; nomothesia; nomothetai; prytany; studies; timokrates; vote; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "They must be mistakes made by someone who composed the docu- ment after the Classical period and did not understand Athenian law and legal procedure.15 Third, \u201cdocuments should conform to the language, style and con- ventions of Classical Athenian inscriptions of the same type \u2026 The presence in a document of words or expressions never found in sim- ilar Attic inscriptions, or in any Attic inscription at all, casts serious doubts on the document\u2019s authenticity\u201d (34\u201335). According to Canevaro the proper parallel is the epicheirotonia about ostracism.82 He emphasises repeatedly that the epicheiro- tonia is a preliminary and general vote about the laws.83 There is no second round in which particular laws can be singled out and exposed to a specific vote of confidence which, if negative, will entail that the law in question will be referred to a session of nomothetai who will decide whether the nomos be vindicated or, alternatively, stricken from the corpus of Athenian laws and replaced with an alternative law.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15695", "words": "8388", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Friesen, Courtney J. P.", "title": "Dying Like a Woman: Euripides\u2019 Polyxena as Exemplum between Philo and Clement of Alexandria", "date": "2016", "keywords": "alexandria; christian; clement; death; esp; euripides; freedom; friesen; gender; greek; hecuba; martyrdom; masculine; philo; polyxena; sacrifice; studies; tragedy; virtue; women", "summary": "Yet, whereas Philo situated this within a gendered framework ap- plied to masculine virtue, for Clement Polyxena is an ideal of feminine chastity, thus a model for the Christian wife. For both Pliny and Clement, therefore, the final actions of Polyxena model distinctly feminine virtue\u2014that is, they dem- onstrate commitment to chastity even up to the moment of death.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15703", "words": "3084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Nigdelis, Pantelis", "title": "\u03a4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03af in a Funerary Inscription from Roman Thessaloniki", "date": "2016", "keywords": "475\u2013484; inscription; museum; nigdelis; roman; studies; thessaloniki", "summary": "NigdTetr \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016) 475\u2013484 2016 Pantelis Nigdelis \u03a4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03af in a Funerary Inscription from Roman Thessaloniki Pantelis Nigdelis T THE END of 2015 I published a new funerary inscrip- tion from Roman Thessaloniki, the text of which ran as follows:1 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013 \u2013\u03a3\u0395 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u00b7 \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03b3- \u03ce\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u1f50\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf- 4 \u1fe6 \u0396\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u00b5\u03bf\u03c5 \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb- \u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u00b7 \u03a4\u03b9. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf- \u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b9 \u00b5\u03bd\u03ae\u00b5\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u0395\u1f30\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 8 \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u1fd6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f18\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2. Comparing the letter forms and the overall impression of writing to other Thessalonian inscriptions which are dated exactly, we would date the archisynagogos inscription approx- imately between the mid-second and the mid-third centuries A.D.8 As to the text, the most significant improvement concerns the first surviving line, which is preserved in a very fragmentary state.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15707", "words": "5086", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kelder, Jorrit Martin; Poelwijk, Marco", "title": "The Wanassa and the Damokoro: A New Interpretation of a Linear B Text from Pylos", "date": "2016", "keywords": "mycenaean; pu2; wanassa", "summary": "The wide-spread interpretation of Pu2-ke- qi-ri as a man thus seems presumptuous, and appears to be based on a hypothetical, masculine reconstruction of the name (whereas the more generic \u2018s/he who escapes misfortune\u2019 is equally possible) and the general assumption that women are unlikely to have held significant positions in the Mycenaean palace\u2019s social hierarchy.22 In view of all these uncertainties, it is therefore quite possible that Pu2-ke-qi-ri was not a man, but instead the name of the Mycenaean Queen (though this must of course remain hypothetical). In addition, Olsen does not seem to have taken ambiguous names, including Pu2-ke-qi-ri, into account (the name is absent from her inventory of women in the Linear B texts, and does not appear in her discussion of the available evidence).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1571", "words": "10327", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Hanink, Johanna", "title": "The Life of the Author in the Letters of \u201cEuripides\u201d", "date": "2010", "keywords": "archelaus; author; barnes; bentley; der; epistles; euripides; greek; hanink; king; letters; life; plato; poet; roman; socrates; sophocles; studies; text; tradition; trgf; v.1; vita", "summary": "The \u201capologetic\u201d Tendenz of the letters may even constitute the texts\u2019 very raison d\u2019\u00eatre: we know, for example, of a rhetorical exercise in which a student wrote a defence of Euripides on the charge of impiety (see n.74 below), and it is plausible that the \u201cassignment\u201d of the anonymous letter-writer was to de- fend Euripides\u2019 decision to leave Athens. This was an enormous edition of Euripides\u2019 works which contained every scrap of Euripidean material\u2014dramatic, fragmentary, and biographical \u2014that Barnes had managed to unearth.2 In the course of pre- paring the volume, Barnes had got wind that Richard Bentley believed that the epistles attributed by many ancient manu- scripts to Euripides were spurious; he therefore wrote to Bentley asking him to elucidate the grounds of his doubt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15711", "words": "5491", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Nassar, Mohammad; Sabbagh, Abdulmajeed", "title": "The Geometric Mosaics at Khirbat Mar Elyas: A Comparative Study", "date": "2016", "keywords": "aisle; church; colours; dark; fig; jordan; mosaics; nassar; red", "summary": "The Archaeology of Roman Towns: Studies in Honour of John S. Wacher (Oxford 2003) 198\u2013200; N. Faulkner and D. Neal, Current Archaeology 237 (2009) 34; D. Neal and S. Cosh, Roman Mosaics of Britain III.2 (London 2009) 422\u2013425; S. Frere, Britannia 42 (2011) 272. The site of Khirbat Mar Elyas, ca. 10 km. northwest of Ajloun City, is a geographically important tell dominating its surroundings ( fig. 1), about 900 m. above sea level.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15723", "words": "6090", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Eckhardt, Benedikt", "title": "The Eighteen Associations of Corinth", "date": "2016", "keywords": "646\u2013662; ascough; associations; benedikt; cities; context; corinth; corinthian; eckhardt; evidence; greek; groups; inscriptions; list; roman; studies", "summary": "Having discussed evidence from Roman Egypt for associations of ten to twenty-five members, he notes:7 Unfortunately, we do not know the typical size of associations in Roman Corinth; our extant Hellenistic and Roman association inscriptions from Corinth amount to eighteen; however, they do not inform us of average membership size. Specters of Ethnicity in Roman Corinth and Paul\u2019s Corinthian Correspondence (New Haven 2014) 208, who thinks that \u201cit [the association] honors two of its oldest or leading members.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15725", "words": "8817", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Watts, Edward", "title": "Athens between East and West: Athenian Elite Self-Presentation and the Durability of Traditional Cult in Late Antiquity", "date": "2016", "keywords": "achaea; athenian; athens; century; christian; city; east; elite; greek; inscriptions; offices; pagan; praetextatus; roman; rome; service; studies; watts", "summary": "His father, for example, was a sophist, kerux of the Areopagus, and hierokerux at Eleusis.43 Other Athenian elite families present themselves similarly. This article explains how the western administrators of Achaea and the particular ways in which Athenian elites expressed their social status combined to protect traditional Athenian civic and religious life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15727", "words": "10101", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Piperakis, Spyros", "title": "Decanal Iconography and Natural Materials in the Sacred Book of Hermes to Asclepius", "date": "2016", "keywords": "book; ccag; decan; form; god; greek; iconography; isis; les; materials; natural; piperakis; plant; quack; roman; section; seth; spyros; stone; studies; zodiacal", "summary": "158 DECANAL ICONOGRAPHY AND NATURAL MATERIALS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 136\u2013161 essence.94 By carving stones with decanal names and images and fixing them with their proper plants, natural substances are set under specific symbolic associations. 27 See Quack, Beitr\u00e4ge, section 2.4.2. 28", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15729", "words": "9192", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Takakjy, Laura Chason", "title": "Xenophon the Literary Critic: The Poetics and Politics of Praise in Hiero", "date": "2016", "keywords": "49\u201373; charis; critic; croesus; dialogue; epinician; greek; hiero; odes; phthonos; pindar; poetry; praise; simonides; song; studies; takakjy; tyrant; wealth; xenophon; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Of course, the tyrant\u2019s woe was a fairly popular trope in itself outside of poetic contexts.21 But in epinician Hiero is portrayed as dis- tressed by either metaphorical or physical sickness.22 In Pythian 3, Pindar suggests that Hiero has suffered a physical affliction (63\u201367), and in Pythian 1, Pindar also draws comparisons be- tween Hiero and Philoctetes (50), the famously sick Greek hero in the Trojan cycle.23 20 For the idea that Hiero\u2019s chief desire is to be loved see Strauss, On Tyranny 91; C. Nadon, Xenophon\u2019s Prince: Republic and Empire in the Cyropaedia (Berkeley 2001) 147. 21 49\u201373 Hiero\u2019s historical reputation for unscrupulous military action takes center stage in Xenophon\u2019s dialogue.6 Hiero has been approached in a variety of ways.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15731", "words": "6024", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Pazdernik, Charles F.", "title": "\u201cThe Great Emperor\u201d: A Motif in Procopius of Caesarea\u2019s Wars", "date": "2016", "keywords": "basileus; belisarius; byzantine; emperor; gelimer; goths; greek; justinian; king; letter; megas; pazdernik; procopius; roman; studies; wars; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "Only then did Gelimer deign to offer a justification of his position (3.9.20\u201323), in which he had the temerity to address Justinian as one monarch to another: \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u00b5\u03b5\u03c1 \u1f38\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u1ff7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6, \u201cbasileus Gelimer to basileus Justinian\u201d (3.9.20). The Persian shah Khusrau I, Procopius\u2019 Chosro\u00eas, is three times addressed in Book 2 of the Wars as \u201cmost mighty king\u201d (\u1f66 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fe6), a formulation that occurs only in the vocative.10 On the only other occasion on which it appears, Belisarius employs the same expression in a letter to Justinian, pleading for reinforcements, that is otherwise notable for its hyperbolic and sardonic tone (7.12.3): \u1f00\u03c6\u03af\u03b3\u00b5\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f38\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03bd, \u1f66 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5, \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f35\u03c0\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u00b5\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15735", "words": "3839", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Anderson, Benjamin", "title": "The Defacement of the Parthenon Metopes", "date": "2016", "keywords": "account; athens; century; christian; church; defacement; evliya; greek; metopes; north; parthenon; parthenon metopes; studies", "summary": "24 V. Christides, \u201cThe Raids of the Moslems of Crete in the Aegean Sea: Piracy and Conquest,\u201d Byzantion 51 (1981) 76\u2013111. 25 On the Arab sack of Athens as a phantom of twentieth-century histori- ography see G. van Steen, \u201cSin and the City: A Mid-Fifteenth-Century Lament for the Fall of Athens to the \u2018Persians\u2019,\u201d in D. Tziovas (ed.), Re- imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture (Oxford 2014) 229\u2013251, here at 231\u2013232; and Kaldellis, Christian Parthenon 94\u201395, with references to earlier literature. The damage to the west metopes is documented in two seventeenth-century drawings, that to the north and east in drawings executed by William Pars in 1765/6.7 If we follow the guidelines proposed above, then the terminus post quem for the defacement of the Parthenon metopes is ca.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15749", "words": "3114", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Wright, Matthew", "title": "Gnomic \u03c6\u03b5\u1fe6", "date": "2016", "keywords": "eur; euripides; gnomic; greek; maxim; studies; \u03c6\u03b5\u1fe6; \u03c6\u03b5\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03b5\u1fe6", "summary": "(Eur. Hec. 864\u2013867) Elsewhere, \u03c6\u03b5\u1fe6 may perhaps indicate an extreme of positive feeling: \u03c6\u03b5\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03b5\u1fe6\u00b7 \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u00b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u00b5\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u2019 \u1f00\u03b5\u1f76 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd. These are not the only tragic passages which self-consciously draw our attention to their status as the embodiment of tra- ditional wisdom by explictly labelling themselves as maxims (using terms such as \u03b1\u1f36\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u00b5\u03af\u03b1, or \u00b5\u1fe6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2).10 But it is extraordinary that both passages above use exactly the same opening line, combining the self-labelling phrase and \u03c6\u03b5\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03b5\u1fe6 to constitute an emphatic marking device.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15751", "words": "6249", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "The Authenticity of the Law about Nomothesia inserted in Demosthenes Against Timokrates 33", "date": "2016", "keywords": "canevaro; demosthenes; document; force; hansen; law; laws; nomothesia; nomothetai; speeches; studies; timokrates", "summary": "In my opinion the \u201cerrors\u201d Canevaro has found in the documents inserted at \u00a720\u201323 and 33 are not errors but trustworthy pieces of information about Athenian laws and legislative procedures, based on either existing copies of the laws or on copies of Demosthenes\u2019 speech that included other documents than those in the Urexemplar. But in spite of my disagreement I would like to add that Canevaro\u2019s book is a highly professional and valuable contribution to the debate and will be required reading for all who study Athenian law and political institutions as well as all who investigate the history and origin of the Demosthenic corpus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15753", "words": "5516", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Nigdelis, Pantelis", "title": "The Nonae Capratinae in Dion and Religious Associations and Public Festivals in Roman Macedonia", "date": "2016", "keywords": "agoranomos; arura; association; capratinae; cult; dion; festival; greek; hypsistos; inscription; nonae; roman; studies; votive; zeus; zeus hypsistos", "summary": "The conclusion that the asso- ciation was involved with the cult of the god, electing agoranomoi for festivals from among its members, still stands, even if we accept that in all the rest of the votive offerings (including that of T. Granius Felix) the officers concerned are aediles coloniae who were charged with overseeing the celebration of the cult of Liber Pater in collaboration with the quasi-official thiasos to which they offer the votive.44 In that case the fact that Primio served as agoranomos would indicate that the association could elect agoranomoi for official festivals of Dionysos, in cases there were no candidates ready to be elected as ad hoc aediles and consequently to provide additional funds for the needs of those festivals. This is particularly true of its re- ligious life, and especially as regards the cult of Zeus Hypsistos.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15755", "words": "9433", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kaldelis, Anthony", "title": "The Forum of Constantine in Constantinople: What do we know about its original architecture and adornment?", "date": "2016", "keywords": "byzantine; century; city; column; constantine; constantinople; doors; emperor; forum; kedrenos; konstantinos; parastaseis; patria; roman; senate; sources; statue; studies", "summary": "s.a. 407; see J. Crow, J. Bardill, and R. Bay- liss, The Water Supply of Byzantine Constantinople ( JRS Monogr. 11 It spoiled his fictional image of Constantine as a purely Christian em- peror and could not be explained by his theory that Constan- tine brought ancient statues to the city to have them ridiculed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15759", "words": "11762", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "44", "author": "Nelsestuen, Grant A.", "title": "Oikonomia as a Theory of Empire in the Political Thought of Xenophon and Aristotle", "date": "2016", "keywords": "74\u2013104; aristotle; cyropaedia; cyrus; empire; greek; household; ischomachus; management; oeconomicus; oikonomia; oikos; persian; polis; rule; studies; theory; xenophon", "summary": "Style, Genre, and Literary Technique (Oxford 1993); Gray, Xenophon\u2019s Mirror 246\u2013290; G. Dan- zig, \u201cThe Best of the Achaemenids: Benevolence, Self-Interest and the \u2018Ironic\u2019 Reading of Cyropaedia,\u201d in F. Hobden and C. Tuplin (eds.), Xenophon: Ethical Principles and Historical Enquiry (Leiden 2012) 499\u2013539; N. B. Sand- ridge, Loving Humanity, Learning, and Being Honored: the Foundations of Leadership in Xenophon\u2019s Education of Cyrus (Cambridge [Mass.] 2012); and D. Placido, \u201cLa monarchie comme mod\u00e8le de la polis: la Cyrop\u00e9die de X\u00e9nophon,\u201d in A. Gonzal\u00e8s and M. T. Schettino (eds.), L\u2019id\u00e9alisation de l\u2019autre (Besan\u00e7on 2014) 41\u201352. An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus (Ithaca 1970); L. Kronenberg, Allegories of Farming from Greece and Rome: Philosophical Satire in Xenophon, Varro, and Virgil (Cambridge 2009) 37\u201372; and L. D. Nee, \u201cThe City on Trial: Socrates\u2019 Indictment of the Gentleman in Xenophon\u2019s Oeconomicus,\u201d Polis 26 (2009) 246\u2013270; and of Cyropaedia, see P. Carlier, \u201cL\u2019id\u00e9e de monarchie imperiale dans la Cyrop\u00e9die de X\u00e9nophon,\u201d Ktema 3 (1978) 133\u2013163; W. R. Newell, \u201cTyranny and the Science of Ruling in Xenophon\u2019s Education of Cyrus,\u201d Journal of Politics 45 (1983) 889\u2013906; J. Tatum, Xenophon\u2019s Imperial Fiction: On the Education of Cyrus (Princeton 1989); C. Nadon, Xenophon\u2019s Prince: Republic and Empire in the Cyropaedia (Berkeley 2001); V. Azoulay, X\u00e9nophon et les gr\u00e2ces du pouvoir (Paris 2004); C. Whidden, \u201cHares, Hounds, Herds, and Hives in Xenophon\u2019s Cyropaedia,\u201d Interpretation 35 (2008) 225\u2013239, \u201cCyrus\u2019s Imperial Household: An Aristotelian Reading of Xenophon\u2019s Cyropaedia,\u201d Polis 25 (2008) 31\u201362, and \u201cDeception in Xenophon\u2019s Cyropaedia,\u201d Inter- pretation 34 (2007) 129\u2013156; and J. Reisert, \u201cAmbition and Corruption in Xenophon\u2019s Education of Cyrus,\u201d Polis 26 (2009) 296\u2013315.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15761", "words": "11309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Vuolanto, Ville", "title": "Grandmothers in Roman Egypt", "date": "2017", "keywords": "age; boy; cases; children; egypt; family; grandchildren; grandfather; grandmothers; grandparents; iii; p.oxy; roman; studies; vuolanto", "summary": "For paternal grandmothers the result is more ambiguous, even if frequently positive, while the presence of grandfathers seems not to have this effect.76 The material from Roman Egypt indicates that maternal grandmothers did indeed have a special place in the everyday life of their daughters and in con- tributing to the first years of their grandchildren\u2019s life course. This would help us assess the plausibility of the some specific claims made by the hypothesis, especially the proposal that maternal grandmothers would appear more often in caring roles than paternal grand- mothers or grandfathers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15769", "words": "6244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Almazova, Nina", "title": "On the Javelin Simile in Pindar Nemean 7.70\u201373", "date": "2016", "keywords": "1\u201315; javelin; nem; nemean; pindar; segal; simile; sogenes; studies; throw; victory; wrestling", "summary": "K\u00f6nigsberger Gelehrter Gesellsch., Geisteswissenschaftliche Klasse 5.3 (Halle 1928) 319; Farnell, Works II 300; R. Lattimore, \u201cPindar Nemean 7.70\u201374,\u201d CP 40 (1945) 121; G. Nor- wood, Pindar (Berkeley/Los Angeles 1945) 110; G. F. Gianotti, \u201cLa Nemea settima di Pindaro,\u201d RivFil 94 (1966) 103\u2013104; Segal, TAPA 98 (1967) 444 n.30; Kirkwood, in Poetry and Poetics 86\u201387, and Selections 258, 273. The Second Pythian and Seventh Nemean Odes,\u201d JHS 93 (1973) 135; E. D\u00f6nt, \u201cPindars siebente Nemeische Ode,\u201d WS 98 N.F. 19 (1985) 112; T. K. Hubbard, \u201cThe Subject/Object Relation in Pindar\u2019s Second Pythian and Seventh Nemean,\u201d QUCC N.S. 22 (1986) 70; J. G. Howie, \u201cStylistic Enactment in Pindar Nemean Seven,\u201d Hyperboreus 22 (2016) 66.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15773", "words": "9456", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Keesling, Catherine M.", "title": "Greek Statue Terms Revisited: What does \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 mean?", "date": "2017", "keywords": "837\u2013861; agalma; andriantes; andrias; athenian; bce; bronze; century; decree; eikon; female; figures; greek; inscriptions; inventories; keesling; portrait; portrait statues; roman; statue; studies; temple; terms; und; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Jahr- CATHERINE M. KEESLING 839 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 837\u2013861 andrias, a term whose etymology naturally connects it with male figures, begin to be used to refer to portraits of women?8 Why did andrias eventually become a more common term for portrait statues in Greek inscriptions than eikon? As I hope to show, though it is clear that andrias, beginning in the fifth century BCE, was sometimes used in both literature and inscriptions to refer to portrait statues, it can only be said to mean \u201cportrait\u201d from the second century BCE onward.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15775", "words": "1569", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Zellmann-Rohrer, Michael", "title": "Notes on Two Inscribed Gems and an Affectionate Address", "date": "2016", "keywords": "gem; greek; seg", "summary": "\u1f02\u03bd \u1f48\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3|\u03c3\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ad|\u03bd\u03c9\u00b5\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 reverse \u00b5\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5, | \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad|\u03bd\u03b9\u00b7 \u1f41 \u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 | \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c | \u039d\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2. The editor\u2019s \u201cf\u00fcrwahr\u201d gets closer to the force of \u00b5\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5, but the phrase is worth further comment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15779", "words": "9441", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Moss, Yonatan", "title": "Saving Severus: How Severus of Antioch\u2019s Writings Survived in Greek", "date": "2016", "keywords": "antioch; byzantine; catenae; century; chalcedonian; devreesse; greek; justinian; moss; petit; scholia; severus; studies; sur; syriac; works; writings", "summary": "Compare III 1322\u20131324 (three and a half columns dedicated to Severus references) with 1271\u20131272 (less than three full col- umns dedicated to Ephrem the Syrian) and 1265\u20131266 (three columns dedicated to Cyril of Alexandria). YONATAN MOSS 805 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 56 (2016) 785\u2013808 difference worth spending twenty years in hiding and exile for\u2014as Severus did.58 But when it came to matters of biblical exegesis, Severus was anything but a purist.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15783", "words": "11453", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kelly, Benjamin", "title": "Proving the ius liberorum: P.Oxy. XII 1467 Reconsidered", "date": "2016", "keywords": "105\u2013135; a.d; aurelia; birth; children; document; egypt; greek; ius; ius liberorum; kelly; liberorum; p.oxy; petition; prefect; registration; right; roman; studies; thaisous; women", "summary": "Registration petitions The sense in which registration petitions were useful evi- dence is clarified by a second feature: as far as we can tell, they were invariably submitted very quickly after the wrong of which they complain.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15785", "words": "4713", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Fern\u00e1ndez-Delgado, Jos\u00e9-Antonio; Pordomingo, Francisca", "title": "Musical Ekphrasis and Diegema in Longus\u2019 Daphnis and Chloe", "date": "2016", "keywords": "chloe; daphnis; diegema; ekphrasis; greek; longus; novel; pan; story; theon; theory", "summary": "THAT MUSIC plays a key role in Daphnis and Chloe has been noted in scholarship on the novel, and it could not be otherwise if we take into account the enormous influence that the genre of bucolic poetry had in its shaping.1 Topics have included the frequent references to music in the work\u2014performances, contests, accompaniment to the daily tasks of the idealized shepherds who are the main characters, explanations of the origins and making of pastoral musical instruments through various etiological legends, and the symbolic and structural function of music in the couple\u2019s process of falling in love.2 While it is true that the very musicality of Longus\u2019 style has 1 E. Vaccarello, \u201cL\u2019eredit\u00e0 della poesia bucolica nel romanzo di Longo,\u201d MC 5 (1935) 307\u2013325; G. Rohde, \u201cLongus und die Bukolik,\u201d RhM 86 (1937) 23\u201349; M. C. Mittelstadt, \u201cLongus: Daphnis and Chloe and the Pastoral Tradition,\u201d ClMed 27 (1966) 162\u2013177, and \u201cBucolic-lyric Motifs and Dramatic Narrative in Longus\u2019 Daphnis and Chloe,\u201d RhM 113 (1970) 211\u2013227. A couple of versions of this story are in diegemata 4 and 32 in Libanius\u2019 repertoire of progymnasmata,20 which shows that this theme was deeply rooted as a school exercise, 17 A characteristic topic of progymnasmatic ekphrasis: see Gibson, Li- banius\u2019s Progymnasmata 447 ff.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15799", "words": "8645", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Roussou, Stephanie", "title": "The Reception of Herodian in the Byzantine Period: The Case of Theognostus", "date": "2017", "keywords": "accentuation; arcadius; byzantine; ending; greek; herodian; oxytone; pseudo; rule; studies; syllables; theognostus; words; \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70; \u03b5\u1f34\u03c4\u03b5; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "From the surviving epitomes and fragments of Herodian\u2019s work we learn that in its original form this work contained not only long lists of words exemplifying accentuation rules, but also word meanings (especially for rare and unusual words) and passages illustrating the uses of listed words. [i.e. they are not spelled with \u03bf\u03b9\u03bd], e.g. \u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd, \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c4\u03c5\u03bd, \u039a\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd, \u039a\u03ac\u03c0\u03c5\u03bd, \u0393\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03bd (the name of a hero) (d) Conditions for accentuation rules which are not conditions for the spelling of words are presented side by side with their opposite (or side by side with an alternative), as alternatives in the orthographic rule Another feature of Theognostus\u2019 method of transforming Herodian\u2019s accentuation rules into orthographic ones involves words and phrases which were originally conditions for the accentuation rules but which are irrelevant to the orthographic rules, and which appear as alternatives next to each other in the orthographic rule, usually in the pattern \u03b5\u1f34\u03c4\u03b5 \u2026 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c4\u03b5.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1581", "words": "11118", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Widzisz, Marcel", "title": "The Duration of Darkness and the Light of Eleusis in the Prologue of Agamemnon and the Third Stasimon of Choephoroi", "date": "2010", "keywords": "aeschylus; agamemnon; choephoroi; darkness; der; eleusinian; eleusis; greek; house; initiates; initiation; language; light; mysteries; oresteia; orestes; passage; prologue; rites; ritual; studies; thomson; time; und; watchman; west; widzisz; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c7\u03c1\u03f1\u1f79\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2", "summary": "Widzisz \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 50 (2010) 461\u2013489 \u00a9 2010 Marcel Widzisz The Duration of Darkness and the Light of Eleusis in the Prologue of Agamemnon and the Third Stasimon of Choephoroi Marcel Widzisz VER A CENTURY AGO Walter Headlam noticed that certain phrases and images in the Oresteia seem to allude to the Eleusinian mysteries.1 His life cut short, George Thomson edited and published Headlam\u2019s notes2 (later developed into a full-length commentary on the Oresteia)3 in which he sought to buttress the case for allusion to the Mysteries. The possibility of the watchman, in the prologue of Agamemnon, uttering phrases reminiscent of the Mysteries is acknowledged neither by E. Fraenkel, Aeschylus\u2019 Agamemnon I\u2013III (Oxford 1950), nor by J. Denniston and D. Page, Aeschylus\u2019 Agamemnon (Oxford 1957); J. Bollack and P. Judet de la O 462 THE DURATION OF DARKNESS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 50 (2010) 461\u2013489 Headlam-Thomson suggest with little comment6 (with one early exception),7 it is little wonder that there is some hedging and head-scratching about the purported allusions.8 ___ Combe, L\u2019Agamemnon d\u2019Eschyle: le texte et ses interpretations I\u2013II (Lille 1981) ad Ag. 38, consider only the last line of the prologue in this regard, \u201cpuisant ailleurs dans l\u2019arsenal de la sagesse populaire, le veilleur est ainsi subitement initi\u00e9 au langage des myst\u00e8res.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15817", "words": "11483", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Arthur-Montagne, Jacqueline Michelle", "title": "Symptoms of the Sublime: Longinus and the Hippocratic Method of Criticism", "date": "2017", "keywords": "arthur; author; body; century; criticism; decline; disease; greek; hippocratic; jacqueline; literature; longinus; medicine; method; montagne; nature; phaedrus; physician; plato; rhetoric; science; socrates; speech; studies; sublime; symptoms; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Although Longinus adopts a more cynical view of mankind than the philosopher, his counterargument also creates the possibility of a solution: if speakers can once more turn their attention to the lasting great- ness of literature and philosophy, sublime speech will thrive again.19 This debate between external and internal causes is em- blematic of a widespread etiology of literary decline in the 17 Subl. In this passage, Longinus envisions nature and science working together towards the perfection of sublime speech.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15851", "words": "5250", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Gysembergh, Victor", "title": "Greek Stars and Chaldaean Hours. A Bouquet of Aratean Emendations from Franz Boll\u2019s Library", "date": "2017", "keywords": "boll; commentary; fish; greek; gysembergh; line; maass; martin; stars; studies; text; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd; \u1f21\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5", "summary": "Gysem \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 356\u2013371 2017 Victor Gysembergh Greek Stars and Chaldaean Hours: A Bouquet of Aratean Emendations from Franz Boll\u2019s Library Victor Gysembergh SERIES OF HANDWRITTEN NOTES by Franz Boll (1867\u2013 1924)1 is published here for the first time. These shed new light both on their author\u2019s philological and historical work and on the history of the Aratean corpus.2 Franz Boll was one of the most prominent figures of Altertums- wissenschaften in the first quarter of the twentieth century.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15853", "words": "6040", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Valente, Stefano", "title": "The Doctrine of Winds in Blemmydes: On the Reception of Aristotelian Meteorology in the Palaeologan Age", "date": "2016", "keywords": "alex; aphr; aristotle; blemmydes; byzantine; epitome; greek; lackner; north; physica; studies; text; valente; version; winds; \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "It is the second book of Nikephoros Blemmydes\u2019 philosophical compen- dium (\u0395\u1f30\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u00b5\u03ae, Introductory compendium), a course- book written mainly as a teaching tool.5 The Epitome contains a 2 Lackner, in Actes XIV 640 n.10: \u201cIn einer demn\u00e4chst abgeschlossenen Monographie des Verf. [Vatican City 1937] 428\u2013440); Lackner (n.3 above); C. N. Con- stantinides, Higher Education in Byzantium in the Thirteenth and Early Fourtheenth Centuries (Nicosia 1982) 6 ff.; D. Stiernon, \u201cNic\u00e9phore Blemmyd\u00e8s,\u201d Diction- naire de spiritualit\u00e9 11 (1982) 187\u2013198; J. A. Munitiz, Nikephoros Blemmydes, A STEFANO VALENTE 233 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 231\u2013247 straightforward presentation on physics, meteorology, and astronomy: Aristotle and his commentators were the main sources for the chapters on physics (1\u201312) and meteorology (12\u201323), Cleomedes\u2019 On Heaven for the astronomical part (24\u2013 31).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15855", "words": "10108", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Lougovaya, Julia", "title": "A Perfect Pangram: A Reconsideration of the Evidence", "date": "2016", "keywords": "alphabet; arrangement; bentley; callanan; clement; elements; greek; julia; letters; line; lougovaya; pangram; passage; sequence; studies; tablet; words; \u03ba\u03bd\u1f71\u03be", "summary": "It would be reasonable to expect that composition of Greek perfect pangrams required considerable effort, too, and that the results would probably be appreciated at least by those who gave it a try. In search of meaning Richard Bentley in his Epistola ad Joannem Millium (1733) imagined that Greek perfect pangrams were composed as a kind of game: \u201capparently it was once an amusing and childish computation; thus from twenty-four letters with each employed no more than once, they would make some barbaric and silly words, as long as it pleased.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15859", "words": "8389", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Swist, Jeremy J.", "title": "Sophistry and Sorcery in Libanius' Declamations", "date": "2017", "keywords": "accusations; audience; characters; decl; declamations; greek; intellectual; jeremy; libanius; mage; magic; pagan; paideia; rhetoric; russell; socrates; son; sophistry; sophists; sorcery; speaker; studies; swist; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "166\u2013209; Russell, Greek Declamation 108\u2013109; T. Whitmarsh, The Second Sophistic (Oxford 2005) 66\u2013 73; G. Tomassi, \u201cTyrants and Tyrannicides: Between Literary Creation and Contemporary Reality in Greek Declamation,\u201d in E. Amato et al. (eds.), Law and Ethics in Greek and Roman Declamation (Berlin 2015) 247\u2013267; L. Pernot, \u201cIl non-detto della declamazione greco-romana: Discorso figurato, sottintesi e allusioni politiche,\u201d in L. C. Montefusco (ed.), Papers on Rhetoric VIII Declamation (Rome 2007) 209\u2013234; Penella, in Libanius: A Critical Intro- duction 125\u2013127; A. J. Quiroga Puertas, \u201cDemosthenes\u2019 Moral and Legal Arguments in Libanius\u2019 Declamations,\u201d in Law and Ethics 287\u2013306; J. Swist, \u201cPagan Altars and Monarchic Discourse in Libanius Declamation 22,\u201d Phoenix 70 (2016) 448 SOPHISTRY AND SORCERY IN LIBANIUS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 431\u2013453 were at play.61 Libanius professed nevertheless that hiera and logoi were inextricably linked, and so an attack on one was an attack on both.62 Libanius\u2019 anti-paideia declamations may re- flect the growing persecution complex, later fully expressed by Zosimus, that many of his contemporary pagans may have felt in his own time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15871", "words": "7268", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Paradiso, Annalisa", "title": "Crossing the Halys and its Dangers. Nicolaus of Damascus and the Croesus Oracle", "date": "2017", "keywords": "byzantine; croesus; excerpta; hand; herodotus; nicolaus; oracle; scholia; scholion; studies; thomas; turonensis; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u1f45\u03c1\u03b1", "summary": "The very probable identifica- tion of Xanthus as the source of Ephorus for the hexameter oracle also seems to confirm, even if indirectly, the derivation of Thomas\u2019 oracle from Nicolaus himself: Xanthus of Lydia was in fact the most important source of Nicolaus of Damascus for Lydian history and even the only one.31 The addition of a missing, Nicolaean, oracle to the abridged Nicolaus It must be pointed out that the Turonensis scholion quotes an oracle which is not simply extrapolated from a foreign, and totally different, narrative but is presupposed precisely by Nicolaus F 68.13, where Croesus\u2019 wish to question Apollo about his deceptive oracle is related, along with the bitter pro- posal of sending his fetters to the god as a sarcastic offering. In a transcriptional mistake, the god who rescued Croesus by pouring water became Zeus in place of Apollo, and that lapsus would be better explained if the content of Nicolaus F 68 (where Zeus is also mentioned) had been taken into account by the Nicolaean compilation.34 Hence, I think one cannot ex- clude the alternative hypothesis of a common source for the two marginal notes, that of the Turonensis and that of Thomas, and that source could be identified with a compilation of Nicolaus of Damascus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15873", "words": "10501", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Driediger-Murphy, Lindsay G.", "title": "God(s) Contrary to Nature: A Theological Debate between Pagans and Christians", "date": "2017", "keywords": "aemilianus; christian; dei; des; dionysius; driediger; gods; greek; kata; lindsay; murphy; nature; pagan; para; persecution; phusin; record; roman; studies; trial; valerian", "summary": "The ideal of living \u201cin ac- cordance with nature\u201d (\u03c4\u1f78 \u03b6\u1fc6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd) is especially familiar to us from Stoicism,47 but by the time of Aemilianus phusis was 44 Clarke, CAH XII 640. He shows an interest in orthopraxy, assuring Dionysius that he can continue to worship his own Christian god so long as he will consent to worship pagan gods as well.36 Aemilianus also seems to see ritual action as what is required to manifest or actualize the demanded recognition of the pagan gods: he asks Dionysius to make an offering ___ (Athens 1996) 124\u2013125; A. J. S. Spawforth, \u201cRoman Corinth: The Forma- tion of a Colonial Elite,\u201d in Roman Onomastics 180.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15877", "words": "5667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "81", "author": "Faraone, Christopher A.", "title": "Some Magical Gems in London", "date": "2017", "keywords": "figure; greek; measurements; museum; obverse; oval; petrie; reverse; roman; shape; studies", "summary": "Figure 3 4) Petrie Museum UC8823 (= ODU no. 341 = Amulets no. 135q): black steatite. Petrie Museum UC34708 (= ODU no. 5): steatite, from Koptos ( fig.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15885", "words": "9599", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Hartman, Joshua", "title": "Invective Oratory and Julian\u2019s Misopogon", "date": "2017", "keywords": "aeschines; antioch; antiochenes; city; community; demosthenes; emperor; greek; hartman; invective; joshua; julian; law; libanius; misopogon; oratory; studies; use; van; work; \u00b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "1034 INVECTIVE ORATORY AND JULIAN\u2019S MISOPOGON \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 1032\u20131057 Quiroga, both of whom demonstrate Julian\u2019s keen under- standing of rhetorical theory and the strategies for praise and blame.6 Beyond questions of composition, the motivation be- hind such an unusual and polyvalent work also demands analysis. Maud Gleason interpreted the Misopogon as a \u201cfestive satire,\u201d a product of the New Year\u2019s festival at Antioch, albeit with the serious aim of chastising the Antiochenes.7 Gleason\u2019s influential approach has recently been re-examined by Lieve Van Hoof and Peter Van Nuffelen, who see the piece as Julian\u2019s \u201cword of goodbye to Antioch\u201d and interpret it not as evidence of a good-natured exchange, but as Julian\u2019s attempt to have the last word.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15887", "words": "5045", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Nomos ep\u2019 andri in Fourth-Century Athens: On the Law Quoted at Andocides 1.87", "date": "2017", "keywords": "canevaro; century; decrees; demos; document; hansen; law; nomos; nomothetai", "summary": "Among the fourth-century psephismata preserved on stone there are three examples of honorary decrees for individuals passed by the Assembly but afterwards submitted to the nomothetai who had to approve the money required to pay for the honours. It fills the lacuna to perfection, but the attested idiom in other decrees is \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd (IG II3 416.21) or \u1f11\u03ba\u1f71\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd (304.7) .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15889", "words": "13454", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Prodi, Enrico Emanuele", "title": "Text as Paratext: Pindar, Sappho, and Alexandrian Editions", "date": "2017", "keywords": "aphrodite; apollo; beginning; book; corpus; editor; emanuele; enrico; fr.1; games; greek; hymn; muses; olympian; opening; order; paratext; pindar; poem; poetry; position; praise; prodi; sappho; song; studies; text; victory; zeus", "summary": "Pindar: other fragments The Pindaric corpus offers a third, even more tentative example of how to do things with opening poems. After all, Hellenistic and Roman readers were used to seeing poetry books of their own time begin with such introductory poems, just as they were used to seeing longer poems begin with a proem fulfilling a similar function.13 It may have come naturally to expect pro- oemial overtones in the first poem in a book, and therefore to read them into it regardless of the poem\u2019s original purpose.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15891", "words": "15111", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Bolonyai, G\u00e1bor", "title": "Benedictus and his Greek-Latin Dictionary: Escorial \u03a3 I.12", "date": "2017", "keywords": "792\u2013836; benedetto; benedictus; bolonyai; bursa; copy; cristoforo; cyril; dictionary; entries; escorial; evidence; exemplar; george; greek; g\u00e1bor; i.12; janus; latin; letters; manuscript; monfasani; notes; page; pannonius; persona; pseudo; sagundino; scribe; second; studies; suppl.gr; text; translation; vienna; words; \u00f6nb", "summary": "Benedetto Bursa is an almost completely unknown figure, whose name appears in none of the current handbooks and histories of literature. For his activity, Monfasani can refer only to a passage in Borsetti\u2019s history of the University of Ferrara published in 1735.20 As appears from the Annals of the Stu- dium of Ferrara quoted by Borsetti, Benedetto Bursa obtained a position in Ferrara and gave lectures on various Latin authors some time before 1442.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15893", "words": "2725", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "S\u00e9nina, Tatiana A.", "title": "Anth.Gr. 15.12 de L\u00e9on le Philosophe comme source autobiographique", "date": "2017", "keywords": "cette; dans; des; est; greek; les; l\u00e9on; par; pas; philosophe; que; qui; une", "summary": "14 E. van Opstall fait un examen philologique tr\u00e8s d\u00e9taill\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9pigramme mais ne trace aucun parall\u00e8le avec la biographie de L\u00e9on. Il y a une traduction russe des \u0153uvres de L\u00e9on : Lev Matematik i Filosof, Sochineniia, trad.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15897", "words": "2705", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Xian, Ruobing", "title": "An Etymological Note on Homeric \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1", "date": "2017", "keywords": "formula; greek; homeric; root; und; upa; vedic; \u1f30\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd; \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1", "summary": "It will be argued that comparison of Homeric \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u1f30\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd and Vedic upadra\u1e63\u1e6d\u00e1r- sheds new light on the prehistory of both items whereby the issues raised above simply disappear. In addition, Cairns points out that Homeric \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u1f30\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u201cpresupposes a claim to super- iority only in the sense that it takes upon itself the right to rebuke, to criticize, or to protest.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15899", "words": "9336", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "MacDougall, Byron David", "title": "John of Sardis\u2019 Commentary on Aphthonius\u2019 Progymnasmata: Logic in Ninth-Century Byzantium", "date": "2017", "keywords": "721\u2013744; alpers; aphthonius; aristotle; byzantine; century; commentary; david; example; figure; greek; john; logic; philosophy; progymnasmata; prolegomena; rabe; rhetoric; sardis; second; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "For critique of Rabe\u2019s method in hypothesizing a single lost source for John see Alpers, Untersuchungen 46\u201349. COMMENTARY ON APHTHONIUS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 721\u2013744 even if we cannot assume that Prior Analytics 1\u20137 was systemati- cally taught before the progymnasmata, nevertheless a teacher using John\u2019s commentary would have had to unravel what John meant by the phrase \u201cwoven in the second figure.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15903", "words": "10545", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Krulak, Todd", "title": "Philosophy, \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, and the Damascian Dichotomy: Pursuing the Bacchic Ideal in the Sixth-Century Academy", "date": "2017", "keywords": "academy; athanassiadi; damascius; dichotomy; hieratic; isidore; life; philosophical; philosophy; plato; proclus; rites; ritual; soul; studies; theurgic; theurgy; v.isid; virtues; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae", "summary": "Plotinus is listed by Damascius as one of those for whom philosophy was most important, but recent studies have highlighted the ritualistic nature of Plotinian contemplation and the similarities between it and mystical/\u2018magical\u2019 practices of the period.15 Further, it is to be noted that Porphyry was said to have admitted the value of theurgic techniques for the purification of the \u201cspiritual\u201d soul (anima spiritalis), which interfaces with the material realm.16 Al- though he prized hieratic rites, Proclus was no less enthusiastic about philosophy. In light of what the Life of Isidore says of \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u2019s preeminence in the pericosmic realm, philosophical methods of purification were confirmed by comparing them to hieratic practices and interpretations.38 As will be seen, by accenting this relationship, Damascius did not subordinate philosophy to ritual, but in- stead established the value of hieratic catharsis and affirmed ___ 254].", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15905", "words": "9778", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Nigdelis, Pantelis; Anagnostoudis, Pavlos", "title": "New Honorific Inscriptions from Amphipolis", "date": "2017", "keywords": "amphipolis; anagnostoudis; augustus; b.c; cities; city; crassus; figure; greek; inscription; left; letters; macedonia; nigdelis; pantelis; pavlos; politarchs; right; scipio; statue; studies; thessalonike; title; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "310 NEW HONORIFIC INSCRIPTIONS FROM AMPHIPOLIS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 295\u2013324 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2) were used in combination in Greek inscriptions to honor important Roman generals of the Republican period, such as Sulla and Caesar.37 6\u20139: Of the names of the politarchs in the year in which the statue was erected only three can be filled in with certainty. FROM AMPHIPOLIS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 295\u2013324 count of his particular ties to the city (see below), funded the restoration or construction of one or several buildings there, as he did in other Greek cities where he is honored with the title, and sometimes in combination with the title \u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1.69 Indeed it has recently been argued that there was an Augustan building program in Amphipolis related to the gymnasium and the sanctuary of the Egyptian gods.70", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15909", "words": "14195", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Lefteratou, Anna", "title": "From Haimorrhooussa to Veronica? The Weaving Imagery in the Homeric Centos", "date": "2017", "keywords": "andromache; anna; antiquity; blood; cento; century; christian; cloth; epic; eudocia; female; greek; haimorrhoousa; hector; helen; homer; homeric; image; jesus; lefteratou; legend; lines; passage; studies; touch; veronica; weaving; woman; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "For Greek women see Pantelia, AJP 114 (1993) Her cloak will become a shroud for her dead beloved and the hot bath turns into ritual cleansing at the end of the poem.2 As early as Homer, women, mortal and god- 1 W. Christ and M. Paranikas, Anthologia Graeca Carminorum Christianorum (Leipzig 1871) 104. 2 Hom.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1591", "words": "11106", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Dilley, Paul C.", "title": "The Invention of Christian Tradition: \u201cApocrypha,\u201d Imperial Policy, and Anti-Jewish Propaganda", "date": "2010", "keywords": "acts; bishop; byzantine; christian; conversion; greek; gregory; imperial; invention; jerusalem; jews; joseph; paul; pilate; roman; severus; story; studies; synagogue; text; tradition", "summary": "The subsequent description of the conversion of Theodorus and several other Jews attributes it to an inevitable, divine power working for their benefit; Severus thus obfuscates force- ful intimidation by employing a rhetoric of the miraculous. This pamphlet is an apology for synagogue attacks and Jewish conversion, heavily based on a rhetoric of the miraculous, and carefully suggesting that the violent actions fell within the legal boundaries of the Christian Roman Em- pire, which however upheld the necessity of \u201cvoluntary\u201d con- version despite increasing restrictions on Jews.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15917", "words": "7284", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Romney, Jessica M.", "title": "Herodotean Geography (4.36-45): A Persian Oikoumen\u0113?", "date": "2017", "keywords": "asia; empire; europe; geography; greece; greek; herodotus; map; maps; mediterranean; oikoumen\u0113; persian; space; studies; world", "summary": "[Winona Lake 1998] 20\u201342 and pl. 2\u20133, 6\u20137), and the Ionian tradition of world maps (see Strab. Jessica M. Romney N BOOK 4 of the Histories, Herodotus pauses his discussion of the Scythian steppe and turns to the question of the world: what does it look like?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15923", "words": "12252", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Lightfoot, Jessica", "title": "Hipparchus\u2019 Didactic Journey: Poetry, Prose, and Catalogue Form in the Commentary on Aratus and Eudoxus", "date": "2017", "keywords": "935\u2013967; aratus; attalus; authority; catalogue; commentary; constellations; didactic; eudoxus; greek; hipparchus; journey; lightfoot; phaenomena; poem; prose; reader; studies; text; use; way; work; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "Unlike a modern lem- matized commentary, Hipparchus\u2019 work takes the form of a continuous prose treatise, which allows him to guide the reader expertly through the astronomical terrain of the past and towards his own astronomical discoveries.13 In Book 1 of the Commentary Hipparchus focusses extensively on pointing out the mistakes of his astronomical predecessors in verse and prose, Aratus and Eudoxus. However, the dense scholarly tradition which quickly ac- crued around Aratus\u2019 poem complicates Hipparchus\u2019 attempts to stake his own claim as the most accurate and truthful astronomical authority available to the contemporary reader.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15925", "words": "7755", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Marciniak, Przemys\u0142aw", "title": "A Pious Mouse and a Deadly Cat: The Schede tou Myos, attributed to Theodore Prodromos", "date": "2017", "keywords": "507\u2013527; byzantine; cat; century; der; greek; instance; marciniak; mice; mouse; myos; prodromos; przemys\u0142aw; psalm; schede; schedos; school; studies; text; tou; words; work; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Perhaps this is yet another proof of Prodromic authorship\u2014the imagery of mice in the Katomyomachia differs from that in the Batrachomyomachia or Aesopic fables in that Prodromic mice look much more like human beings; see L. R. Cresci, \u201cParodia e metafora nella Cato- miomachia di Teodoro Prodromo,\u201d Eikasmos 12 (2001) 197\u2013204. Marcin \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 507\u2013527 2017", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15927", "words": "5096", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Villagra, Nereida", "title": "Plato on the Thessalian Trick: A New Interpretation of Gorgias 513A", "date": "2017", "keywords": "callicles; city; gorgias; medea; moon; plato; power; socrates; studies; text; thessalian; trick; women; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "On Thessalian women as witches see O. Phillips, \u201cThe Witches\u2019 Thessaly,\u201d in P. Mirecki and M. Meyer (eds.), Magic and Ritual in the Ancient World (Leiden 2001) 378\u2013386. \u201cYou pull down the moon against yourself \u201d: It is said that when Thessalian women pull down the moon, they are progressively deprived of their eyes and their children.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15931", "words": "3586", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Herrero de J\u00e1uregui, Miguel", "title": "Line Transposition in Euripides Alcestis 1094-1096", "date": "2017", "keywords": "admetus; alcestis; euripides; greek; heracles; lines; transposition", "summary": "A possible saut du meme au meme be- tween lines 1092 and 1097 would explain the omission of lines 1093\u20131097. Unsurprisingly, none of these suggestions have been suc- cessful among most editors.6 A third possibility is altering the order of the lines, supposing an instance of line transposition, \u201can extremely frequent error 4 S. Schein, \u201c\u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 in Euripides\u2019 Alcestis,\u201d M\u00e8tis 3 (1988) 201 n.69; G. R. Stanton, \u201c\u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 and \u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 in Euripides\u2019 Alkestis,\u201d Hermes 118 (1990) 44 n.8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15935", "words": "10882", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kotansky, Roy D.", "title": "The Magic \u2018Crucifixion\u2019 Gem in the British Museum", "date": "2017", "keywords": "631\u2013659; christian; cross; crucifixion; derchain; father; gem; gemstone; greek; hanging; jesus; kotansky; magic; names; new; obverse; reverse; roman; roy; son; studies; vowels", "summary": "The publication pro- vides numerous examples, with illustrations, of magic gems and lamellae containing various permutations of the divine Tetra- grammaton using archaic Hebrew letter-forms, which in Greek assume various shapes, such as a barred Z, representing an archaic yodh, or a sequence, on gems, of a reversed EXE (\u018eX\u018e), 10 See Felicity Harley in Spier, Picturing the Bible 229, no. 56 (for both items), with photographs, discussion, and further references. Such names of power are common on magic gems and other incantatory media (papyri, curse-tablets, and metal phylacteries).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15936", "words": "10023", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Niccolai, Lea", "title": "Julian, Plutarch, and the Dangers of Self-Praise", "date": "2017", "keywords": "b.-c; constantius; dangers; gods; greek; item; julian; letter; marcus; misopogon; nilus; plutarch; praise; self; studies; work", "summary": "It is with this in mind that Julian, addressing the empress Eusebia in a pan- egyric composed at the time of his Caesarship, explicitly tackles the issue by promising praise that is both spontaneous and sin- cere (Eus. 3. Self-praise interwoven with praise of the audience is already to be seen as a component of Panegyric II in honour of Constantius, a work composed at the time of Julian\u2019s Caesar- ship where the praise of the ideal monarch has been regarded as overlapping, in many ways, with Julian\u2019s imperial ideals.29", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15939", "words": "2981", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Lech, Marcel Lysgaard", "title": "Aristophanes Knights 600: Spartan or Athenian Drinking Cup?", "date": "2017", "keywords": "aristophanes; cavalry; chorus; cup; drinking; greek; knights; lech; passage; \u03ba\u1f7d\u03b8\u03c9\u03bd", "summary": "On this occasion, they bought some sort of drinking cups before sailing away to Corinth (600). Neil proposes that \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b4\u1f72 answers a suppressed \u03bf\u1f31 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd,25 but there is no reason for this, and I hold that what we have here is a strong adversative (as in Clouds 396)26 between the cav- alrymen (as a group), who buy symposiac cups, and the ones (some of the cavalrymen or someone else, e.g. the rowers) who buy provisions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15940", "words": "7413", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Maiorov, Alexander V.", "title": "The Emperor Manuel\u2019s Cross in Notre Dame: On its Origin and Path", "date": "2017", "keywords": "byzantine; century; cross; emperor; emperor manuel; greek; holy; holy cross; maiorov; manuel; moscow; relics; reliquary; roman; rus; russian; studies", "summary": "It is surrounded by sixteen tiny reliquaries with mica windows where other relics are contained. It is often mentioned in their wills first among other relics.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15941", "words": "8900", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Woods, David", "title": "The Proclamation of Peace on the Coinage of Carthage under Constans II", "date": "2017", "keywords": "carthage; constans; cross; greek; legend; mib; pax; peace; reverse; siliqua; solidi; studies; type", "summary": "However, the reign of Heraclius (610\u2013641) witnessed a return to the conventions established by Tiberius, so that some form of large cross was depicted as the main device once more on all the gold coins struck throughout the empire, the only exception to this re- newed emphasis on the cross being on some of the minor silver types of the provinces. It was probably a reaction to the con- tinued hostility of the Muslim caliphs towards the cross as best exemplified by the decision of \u1ffeAbd al-Malik (685\u2013705) to strike the so-called standing caliph dinar with deformed cross on steps on the reverse during the period AH 74\u201377 (693\u2013697) in direct imitation of the traditional type of Byzantine solidus, followed by his striking of the purely epigraphic dinar from AH 77 onwards which did not show any cross at all, even de- formed.30", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15944", "words": "11274", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Stewart, Edmund James", "title": "Ezekiel\u2019s Exagoge: A Typical Hellenistic Tragedy?", "date": "2018", "keywords": "century; change; chorus; drama; edmund; euripides; exagoge; ezekiel; greek; jacobson; james; lines; messenger; moses; orchestra; period; play; raguel; scene; stage; stewart; studies; theatre; tragedy", "summary": "The max- imum of 102 lines of extant dialogue between God and Moses (90\u2013192) is still comfortably shorter than the longest period in which an actor is left alone on the stage in fifth century tragedy: 130 lines in Helen. This pattern is also found in earlier tragedy: Orestes concludes the prologue of Aeschylus\u2019 Libation Bearers by announcing the arrival of his sister and her companions (10\u201318).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15946", "words": "1976", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Tibiletti, Antonio", "title": "Reading Herodotus Histories 7.185", "date": "2017", "keywords": "greek; herodotus; macedonia; studies; thessalians; thessaly; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9", "summary": "\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039c\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f08\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u2020\u0398\u03c1\u03b7\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2\u2020 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u00b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03b8\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u00b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9. Thus, the Herodotean passage\u2014which recalls the more restricted version of \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b7\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 in 9.31.5\u2014ought to be read as follows: \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 {\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u0398\u03c1\u03b7\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2} \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u00b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15947", "words": "9169", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Schironi, Francesca", "title": "Tautologies and Transpositions: Aristarchus\u2019 Less-Known Critical Signs", "date": "2017", "keywords": "607\u2013630; antisigma; aristarchean; aristarchus; diple; greek; lines; schironi; scholia; signs; stigmai; stigme; studies; tautologies; transpositions; venetus; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "That this might be the original note seems to be suggested also by the second set of critical signs listed in the Anecdotum Romanum, which does not speak of antisigma alone but has only this note (55.41\u201344 Montanari): \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b3\u00b5\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u00b5\u1fc7 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03cdo \u1f66\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03b7\u00b5\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u00b5\u03c6\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u1f15\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. He also introduced the so-called diple periestigmene, the \u2018dotted diple\u2019 (>:), to mark passages where he argued against his predecessor Zenodotus and perhaps against his Pergamene contemporary Crates of Mallos.10 These were the most common signs used by Aristarchus, and their description in the compendia match their use in the Venetus A and in the Aristarchean scholia transmitted by Aristo- nicus.11 The compendia and the scholia mention other signs as well, but their function is not clear.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15950", "words": "9359", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Fries, Almut", "title": "For Use in Schools: Prosodical Marks in Two Pre-Palaeologan Manuscripts of Pindar", "date": "2017", "keywords": "annotation; century; fries; greek; irigoin; manuscripts; marks; pindar; position; quantity; schools; short; studies; text; use; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "ALMUT FRIES 757 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 745\u2013770 in G: e.g. Ol. 6.91 \u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u1f71 \u0304\u03bb\u03b1, 13.105 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u1f73\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u0304\u03bf\u03c2. ALMUT FRIES 761 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 745\u2013770 lengthened \u1f38 \u0304\u03b1\u00b5\u03b9\u03b4\u1fb6\u03bd at 6.71 (757 above) and in Ol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15955", "words": "9915", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lin, Lijuan", "title": "Galen on to kalon and to agathon in De Moribus", "date": "2018", "keywords": "agathon; character; galen; goal; good; greek; kalon; moribus; plato; soul; studies; terms; things", "summary": "In this regard I agree with Gill and Singer that Galen does not deny the role of rational soul in the formation of character, and his emphasis on the non- rational character of \u0113thos is to be explained only by his endeavor to reject the intellectual doctrine of the Stoics: 77\u2013101 (an-nafs al-\u0121a\u1e0dab\u012bya), and the rational soul (an-nafs an-n\u0101\u1e6diqa) (26.9\u201312).6 Plato\u2019s tripartition of soul, especially his acknowl- edgement of the existence of the two non-rational souls, pro- vides support for Galen\u2019s theory of \u0113thos, insofar as for Galen, \u0113thos should essentially be a non-rational condition of the soul.7", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15959", "words": "8824", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Yu, Kenneth W.", "title": "The Divination Contest of Calchas and Mopsus and Aristophanes\u2019 Knights", "date": "2017", "keywords": "910\u2013934; aristophanes; calchas; cambridge; comedy; contest; divination; divination contest; greek; kenneth; knights; mopsus; myth; oracles; oxford; paphlagon; play; sausage; seller; strabo; studies", "summary": "Cf. H. Bowden, \u201cOracles for Sale,\u201d in P. Derow and R. Parker (eds.), Herodotus and his World: Essays from a Conference in Memory of George Forrest (Oxford 2003) 256\u2013274, on the popularity of oracles in the late Classical. Oracles and politics: some historical considerations Before comparing Knights to the Contest of Calchas and Mopsus, I review the historical circumstances of the comedy and Aristophanes\u2019 strategy of appealing to the motif of oracles to link Cleon to dubious Athenian political figures.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15960", "words": "9279", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "\u00c1lvarez Mart\u00ed-Aguilar, Manuel", "title": "Talismans against Tsunamis: Apollonius of Tyana and the stelai of the Herakleion in Gades (VA 5.5)", "date": "2017", "keywords": "968\u2013993; aguilar; ancient; apollonius; byzantine; earth; elements; gades; greek; magic; mart\u00ed; philostratus; roman; sanctuary; sea; stelai; studies; talismans; tradition; transl; tsunamis; tyana; world", "summary": "\u00c9volution de son mythe,\u201d BZ 63 (1970) 247\u2013277; W. Speyer, \u201cZum Bild des Apollonius von Tyana bei Heiden und Christen,\u201d JAC 17 (1974) 47\u201363; C. P. Jones, \u201cAn Epigram on Apollonius of Tyana,\u201d JHS 100 (1980) 190\u2013194; C. Burnett, \u201cApollonius of Tyana,\u201d in H. Lagerlund (ed.), Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy (Dordrecht 2011) In contrast, Isidore of Pelusium, at the start of the fifth century, offers a vindication of both Philostratus and Apollonius himself, in which he denies that Apollonius created talismans, but from whom it may be inferred that traditions existed that made such claims:19 16 Summarised well by Jones, in Greek Literature 53\u201356; see also Dzielska, Apollonius 99\u2013127.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15962", "words": "8325", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Bryen, Ari Z.", "title": "Dionysia\u2019s Complaint: Finding Emotions in the Courtroom", "date": "2017", "keywords": "1010\u20131031; ari; bryen; case; chairemon; claims; complaint; dionysia; emotions; greek; language; petition; roman; silence; studies; truth", "summary": "The social history of emotion has been more extensively explored in later historical periods: e.g., Daniel Lord Smail, The Consumption of Justice: Emotions, Publicity, and Legal Culture in Marseille, 1264\u20131423 (Ithaca 2003); Barbara H. Rosenwein, Emotional Communities in the Early Middle Ages (Ithaca 2006); William M. Reddy, The Navigation of Feeling: A Framework for the History of Emotions (Cambridge 2001). Much of the current discussion seems bogged down in an argument over the respective contributions of biology/psychology (which posit emotions as relatively universal) or anthropology (which posits emotions as socially constructed): for this debate see Jan Plamper, The History of Emotions: An Introduction (Oxford 2015", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15963", "words": "6869", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Wright, Tim", "title": "Telemachus\u2019 Recognition of Odysseus", "date": "2018", "keywords": "1\u201318; athena; audience; disguise; greek; helen; homer; ithaca; journey; odysseus; odyssey; recognition; return; studies; telemachus", "summary": "On descriptions of Odysseus the trickster see Pucci, Odysseus Polutropos 56\u201362. Ah, would that flashing-eyed Athena might choose to love you even as then she cared for glorious Odysseus in the land of the Trojans, where we Achaeans suffered woes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15972", "words": "10255", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Foley, Adam", "title": "A New Interlinear Translation of the Iliad", "date": "2018", "keywords": "443\u2013472; adam; autem; barley; bodleian; book; decembrio; est; exercise; foley; glosses; greek; homer; iliad; latin; line; manuscript; naples; phase; pilatus; sacrifice; scholia; second; student; studies; super; text; translation; vel; verbum; word; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd; \u1f40\u03bd\u03bf\u00b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74", "summary": "Third, the gloss \u201cequos armantes\u201d bears re- semblance to the reading \u1f35\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f41\u03c0\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 found in Hesychius\u2019 glossary, which raises the question of the sources that the student had at his disposal.10 Before discussing the nature of this trans- lation and its relation to other translations of Homer from the early fifteenth century, a word on the second, more polished phase of translation is in order. Possible correspondences with other translations of Homer", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15973", "words": "10545", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Nilsson, Ingela; Zagklas, Nikos J", "title": "\u2018Hurry up, reap every flower of the logoi!\u2019 The Use of Greek Novels in Byzantium", "date": "2017", "keywords": "agapitos; byzantine; byzantium; century; clitophon; epigram; eugenianos; greek; heliodorus; ingela; komnenian; leucippe; nikos; nilsson; novels; prodromos; reading; roman; studies; tatius; text; use; zagklas; \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u2016 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd] \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd \u2016 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03c5\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2] \u1f41 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 21 \u03b5\u1f34\u03ba\u03c9] \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u1f7c 21\u201322 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f40\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd] \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f04\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd 22 \u1f10\u03c0\u2019 \u03b5\u1f34\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9] \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u1fb3 \u2016 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd] In the second section we discuss a series of epigrams on Greek novels (both ancient and Komnenian), which to a certain extent have been ignored in previous scholarship.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15975", "words": "8570", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Scardino, Carlo", "title": "Editing the Geoponica: The Arabic Evidence and its Importance", "date": "2018", "keywords": "anatolius; arabic; bassus; beckh; byzantine; carlo; cassianus; century; den; der; des; edition; fil\u0101\u1e25a; geoponica; greek; les; roman; scardino; studies; syriac; text; tradition; translations; und; version; work; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Support for identification of the jurist/politician with the agriculturalist can be found e.g. in R. H. Rodgers, \u201cHail, Frost, and Pests in the Vineyard, Anatolios of Berytus as a Source for the Nabatean Agriculture,\u201d CARLO SCARDINO 105 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 58 (2018) 102\u2013125 fragments, Anatolius\u2019 Greek text has not survived.15 Oriental translations exist in a badly preserved Syriac manuscript,16 a summarized Armenian version probably translated from Arabic in the eleventh century,17 and an almost complete Arabic man- uscript (Ma\u0161had Ri\u1e0d\u0101\u2019 5762) from the fourteenth century.18 There is a further, condensed Arabic version named Sbath after the owner of the manuscript.19 A short manuscript from Madrid (Gayangos XXX) is closely related to MS. Sbath, but in worse con- dition.20 Proof of the popularity of Anatolius\u2019 work comes from JAOS 100 (1980) 1\u201311. 8 regarding Arabic translations of philosophical and scientific texts: \u201cthe Arabic translations constitute the most neglected evidence in the establishment of the Greek text for those works for which such translations exist, for patently no modern edition of such a Greek text, some very few recent exceptions apart, has used to any appreciable degree, if at all, the evidence in an extant Arabic translation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15976", "words": "5417", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Tibiletti, Antonio", "title": "Luigi Castiglioni \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u1f77\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd and the Text of Plutarch\u2019s Aquane an ignis utilior", "date": "2017", "keywords": "antonio; castiglioni; esse; est; greek; luigi; moralia; non; plutarch; pohlenz; quae; quod; sed; studies; tibiletti; waters; wegehaupt; \u00b5\u1f71\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1; \u03b6\u1fc6\u03bd; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd; \u1f04\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5; \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9", "summary": "Antonio Tibiletti Luigi Castiglioni \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u1f77\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd and the Text of Plutarch\u2019s Aquane an ignis utilior Antonio He studied Plutarch\u2019s works from the earliest years of his academic career, commenting on hundreds of passages; as a result, he wrote essays, taught classes, and published reviews of the volumes of the new Teubner edition which came out be- 1 Luigi Castiglioni (Azzate, 28 Sept. 1882 \u2013 Milan, 23 Feb. 1965) was professor of Latin literature and classical philology at the University of Milan (1926\u20131952).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15977", "words": "10914", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Bruzzone, Rachel", "title": "Polemos, Pathemata, and Plague: Thucydides\u2019 Narrative and the Tradition of Upheaval", "date": "2017", "keywords": "bruzzone; divine; events; greek; hesiod; historian; history; jouanna; loimos; passage; pathemata; pattern; peloponnesian; plague; polemos; studies; thucydides; tradition; villa; war; work; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The conjunction of plague and expenses works well with Kallet\u2019s argument for the affinities between plague, war, and financial stress in Thucydides\u2019 work (L. Kallet, Money and the Corrosion of Power in Thucydides [Berkeley 2001] 904 POLEMOS, PATHEMATA, AND PLAGUE \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 57 (2017) 882\u2013909 Such is the affinity between the plague and the war that the disease even behaves like a war, as has been argued primarily by Kallet. The historian\u2019s relationship with ___ argues that Thucydides\u2019 rationalizing perspective on some level recognizes the causal biological relationship between famine and plague, whereas both earlier and subsequent religious perspectives view them as a result of divine anger.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15978", "words": "8533", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Hyland, John O.", "title": "\u03a4he Revolt of Kaunos and the Assassination of Zopyros", "date": "2018", "keywords": "achaemenid; alkides; athenian; athens; carian; city; ctesias; empire; greek; herodotus; hyland; john; kaunian; kaunos; persian; revolt; studies; surrender; thuc; zopyros", "summary": "The specific circumstances are beyond our reach, but it is understandable that the Persians, if claiming to offer Kaunos protection from Athens, would have interpreted any local opposition as inherently treacherous. The alternative context would be Perikles\u2019 voyage towards Kaunos to deter the approach of a Persian fleet during the siege of Samos in 440 (Thuc. 1.116.3); see Joseph Wells, \u201cThe Persian Friends of Herodotus,\u201d JHS 27 (1907) 43; Truesdell S. Brown, \u201cMegabyzus Son of Zopyros,\u201d Ancient World 15 (1978) 73; Simon Hornblower, Mausolus (Oxford 1982) 28 n.176; Christian Marek, Die Inschriften von Kaunos (Munich 2006) 93.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-15985", "words": "7694", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Sansone, David", "title": "Stylistic Characterization in Plato: Nicias, Alcibiades, and Laches", "date": "2018", "keywords": "alcibiades; greek; laches; nicias; plato; socrates; speeches; studies; style; symposium; thucydides; tompkins; use; \u03ba\u03b1\u03af; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Lysimachus Socrates Laches Nicias 1. Although in Thucydides Nicias does use \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd (7.63.3; cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16000", "words": "1995", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Xenis, Georgios A.", "title": "An Emendation in Philochorus FGrHist 328 F 194", "date": "2018", "keywords": "greek; philochorus; subject; wood; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03ba\u03b5\u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9", "summary": "With regard to the mechanism of corruption, it is entirely plausible that the rare passive construction \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u2026 \u1f55\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd \u2026 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 was trivialised to the common active construction \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u1fc3 \u2026 \u1f55\u03bb\u1fc3 \u2026 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u1fc3 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9.13 Jacoby\u2019s notes on Philochorus F 12 (p.279).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16003", "words": "4376", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Xian, Ruobing", "title": "Habrocomes\u2019 Lament in Xenophon of Ephesus\u2019 Ephesiaca 5.1.12\u201313", "date": "2018", "keywords": "aegialeus; anthia; body; ephesiaca; greek; habrocomes; hero; lament; love; roman; story; xenophon; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "In what follows I will argue that the hero\u2019s recognition of true love in the Aegialeus episode contains a reference to the heroine\u2019s lamentation at 1.4.6\u20137, in which she gives an account of her erotic desire at the beginning of their love story: \u201c\u03a4\u03af,\u201d \u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u1f76\u03bd, \u201c\u1f62 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u1f74\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1; \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u1f21\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03c1\u1ff6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f40\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u1fc3 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. By comparing the lament of the hero in 1.4.4\u20135 and the heroine\u2019s parallel one quoted above, Koen De Temmerman recently pointed out three main characteristics of the latter lament: (1) the heroine\u2019s young age is potential obstacle to the social acceptance of her love for Habrocomes (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u1f21\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03c1\u1ff6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f40\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u1fc3 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1); (2) Habrocomes\u2019 arrogance is in juxta- position with the attitude of the enamoured heroine (\u1f18\u03c6\u2019 \u1f09\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf- \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u1fc3 \u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u2019 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u1ff3); (3) Anthia\u2019s desire to see Habrocomes is difficult to fulfill.12 I do not doubt that the protagonists\u2019 lamenting monologues, replete with psychological details, offer \u201ca good example of the importance of lamentations in the characterization of the protagonists.\u201d13", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1601", "words": "5316", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "MacCoull, L. S. B.", "title": "Why and How Was the Aphrodito Cadaster Made?", "date": "2010", "keywords": "aphrodito; byzantine; cadaster; document; egypt; gascou; greek; land; roman; studies; village", "summary": "625\u2013638 crop-yielding categories (sown land, reed land, vineyard land, garden land), and giving a surface area in arouras for each.3 Itself an excerpt from an earlier and longer survey,4 it drew on data compiled by, or under the supervision of, no fewer than three predecessors.5 This indicates a considerable expenditure of effort and manpower by the imperial Byzantine government in the first quarter of the sixth century.6 Money taxes on the 101 arouras of vineyard land and the 570.5 arouras of garden land\u2014sites of labor-intensive under- takings that prompted landowners to spend significant sums of money investing in irrigation machinery\u2014are also not specified here.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16015", "words": "3678", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Jones, Christopher P.", "title": "A Letter of Antoninus Pius and an Antonine Rescript concerning Christians", "date": "2018", "keywords": "antoninus; christians; earthquakes; eus; greek; letter; marcus; pius; rescript; studies; time; version; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u1f66\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb- 15 \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f51\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f50\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f51\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f00\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1fbd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b5, \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u00b7 \u1f45\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be\u03ae\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. 67\u201376 2018 Christopher P. Jones A Letter of Antoninus Pius and an Antonine Rescript concerning Christians Christopher P. Jones N INSCRIPTION FROM EPHESOS discovered in 2013, and recently published by Hans Taeuber, bears on several debated problems of Roman and early Christian history.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16032", "words": "8745", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kholod, Maxim M.", "title": "Achaemenid Grants of Cities and Lands to Greeks: The Case of Mentor and Memnon of Rhodes", "date": "2018", "keywords": "achaemenid; alexander; asia; chora; cities; greek; holdings; lands; memnon; mentor; minor; persian; studies", "summary": "T 178 ACHAEMENID GRANTS OF CITIES AND LANDS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 58 (2018) 177\u2013197 Myrina, and Gryneium, which were also controlled by his descendants, the Gongylides, at the beginning of the fourth century.4 The refugee Themistocles was granted Lampsacus, Magnesia on the Meander, Myus, Percote, and Palaescepsis by the Persian king (Xerxes or already Artaxerxes I), and these cities had to provide him respectively with wine, bread, seasonings, and bedding and clothing.5 Among the holdings granted in Asia Minor were also those of Mentor and Memnon, Rhodian brothers, famous commanders of Greek mercenaries, who managed to enter and occupy a prominent place in the military-political elite of the Persian Em- pire in the last decades of its existence.6 This article aims to consider the holdings of Mentor and Memnon and thereby to contribute, to a certain extent, not only to a better understanding of the broader problem of granting cities and lands to individuals in the Achaemenid Empire but also to our knowledge of the life and activities of these two un- doubtedly outstanding persons. Demosthenes, describing the actions of Charidemus with his mercenary troops in Asia Minor (the late 360s) makes clear that Mentor and Memnon desired to hold Ilium, Scepsis, and Cebren in the Troad, which had been treacherously cap- tured by Charidemus, and so persuaded Artabazus to conclude a truce with the general and not prevent him from leaving those cities (23.154, 157).8 It is not known whether Artabazus satisfied that desire of his brothers-in-law; but taking into consideration their strong influence on him, this seems highly probable.9 If so, they hardly became tyrants in these cities (at least there is not even a hint of such in our sources) but most likely acquired the right to derive for themselves some portion of income from the communities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16034", "words": "10477", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Mari, Tommaso", "title": "The Latin Translations of the Acts of the Council of Chalcedon", "date": "2018", "keywords": "aco; acts; case; chalcedon; council; delegates; greek; greek acts; ii.3; latin; original; par; pascasinus; pope; roman; rusticus; session; statement; studies; text; translation; version; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The debate about Chalcedon and the fact that most westerners could not easily read Greek made it urgent to produce Latin translations. TOMMASO MARI 133 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 58 (2018) 126\u2013155 the Latin translations are at times more reliable than the extant Greek version, not least because the Greek Acts underwent further revision after they were translated into Latin (probably in the seventh century).25 In particular, if one looks at the content, the Latin Acts include materials that have been excised from the Greek Acts.26 How to translate: uerbum e uerbo or sensus de sensu?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16035", "words": "12739", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Varona, Patricia", "title": "Chronology and History in Byzantium", "date": "2018", "keywords": "africanus; burgess; byzantine; byzantium; canon; century; christian; chronicle; chronography; chronology; era; eusebius; greek; history; lists; paschal; roman; studies; syncellus; tables; time; tradition; work; world; writing; years", "summary": "He rightly described several chronological forms as non-literary texts, but this assessment had a quite negative impact on the study of Byzantine chronological writing. As these are non-literary works, Hunger excluded them from his handbook, and so did the few mono- graphs on Byzantine historiography that came after it.5 As a consequence, there are no specific studies on Byzantine chrono- logical writing after that of Gelzer\u2014mostly outdated and focused not on Byzantine chronological writing but on reconstructing Africanus\u2019 chronography from Byzantine evidence\u2014although its use as a source by relevant chroniclers such as Theophanes Confessor has been often highlighted.6 Chronological writing adopts different forms provided with their own specific characteristics.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16046", "words": "2163", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Lafl\u0131, Erg\u00fcn; Bru, Hadrien", "title": "Hair Dedication in Caria: An Inscribed Blade from Stratonikeia", "date": "2018", "keywords": "blade; caria; century; greek; hair; i.stratonikeia; panamara", "summary": "See for Panamara I.Stratonikeia 405, 412, 417, 428, 434, 444\u2013445, 449\u2013450, 483, 489\u2013491, 545, 1263, 1414. Sigmas are lunate, indicating rather the end of the Hellenistic period or the beginning of Roman imperial times (c. second-first century B.C.E.), amongst other clues based on onomastics and religious context (see below).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16049", "words": "7228", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Davies, Philip John Victor", "title": "Plutarch, Lysander, and a Disappearing Heraclid Reform", "date": "2018", "keywords": "agesilaus; greek; heracleidae; heraclid; kingship; life; lives; lysander; plutarch; reform; sayings; source; studies; version; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "Cartledge, Agesilaos 96: \u201cIf we M 524 PLUTARCH AND A DISAPPEARING HERACLID REFORM \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 58 (2018) 523\u2013541 shows that this plan for a kingship open to all Heracleidae ap- pears at only a single point in the Life of Lysander, and stands at odds with multiple testimonies elsewhere in Plutarch\u2019s corpus, as well as testimonies of other ancient writers. In fact, I suggest, the Heraclid version of Lysander\u2019s reform is likely to be a fiction, a product of the rationalisation of conflicting source traditions, in- fluenced by the emphasis which Plutarch lays upon Lysander\u2019s Heraclid descent.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16053", "words": "4689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Favuzzi, Andrea", "title": "Three Historical Fragments in the Suda", "date": "2018", "keywords": "aelian; alcibiades; andrea; athens; favuzzi; fragments; history; hostages; lexicon; meaning; plutarch; samos; studies; suda; text; themistocles; vel; verb; \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "The motif of \u03c6\u03b8\u1f79\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 is already attested in both Diodorus 11.54 (\u03bf\u1f31 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03b7\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u1fc3, \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03b5\u1f50\u03b5\u03c1- \u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf, \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u0301 \u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u1f7a\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u00b5\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u1f14\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd) and Nepos Them. Next, the Athenians obliged them to give up as hostages fifty young men and as many adults whom they settled on Lemnos, and then left Samos after leaving a garrison (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f08\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c2 \u03a3\u03ac\u00b5\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u00b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41\u00b5\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f14\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03a3\u03b1\u00b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u1f10\u03c2 \u039b\u1fc6\u00b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u1f70\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16062", "words": "9749", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "S\u00f8rensen, Anders Dahl", "title": "Hippodamus of Miletus and the Character of the Athenian Dikastic Oath (Arist. Pol. 2.8)", "date": "2018", "keywords": "argument; aristotle; athenian; clause; dikast; greek; hippodamus; interpretation; justice; law; oath; politics; studies; system; way", "summary": "Whereas the first part of that discussion focuses on epieikeia in the technical sense of the ability to rectify the inevitable shortcomings of the law, towards the end of the chapter Aristotle emphasises the more traditional Greek conception of the virtue, understood in terms of indulgence and leniency.25 The epieik\u0113s man, Aristotle explains there, is someone who does not stubbornly insist on his rights and on the applica- tion of strict legal justice. The passage is in Aristotle\u2019s discussion of the Politeia (\u2018Ideal City\u2019) of Hippodamus of Miletus in the second book of the Politics (2.8).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16063", "words": "7854", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Woods, David", "title": "Constantine I and a New Christian Age: A Hidden Christian Reverse Type Identified?", "date": "2018", "keywords": "366\u2013388; age; christian; coinage; coins; constantine; golden; greek; reverse; ric; studies; type; victory; wreaths", "summary": "\u201cYour golden age, victorious Constantine, is now mighty in all the world,\u201d see Michael Squire, \u201c \u2018How to Read a Roman Portrait\u2019? I himself, and one each in the names of his three eldest sons and Caesars, Crispus, Constantine II, and Constantius II.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16065", "words": "2164", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Zellmann-Rohrer, Michael", "title": "Notes on Greek Jewelry-inscriptions", "date": "2018", "keywords": "greek; museum; ring; rohrer; seg; studies; text; zellmann", "summary": "Another apposite comparandum among inscribed rings is \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u1ff6 \u03c3\u03b5, \u00b5\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u1ff6\u00b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u1ff6 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u1ff6 (\u201cI don\u2019t love you, don\u2019t fool yourself, but I\u2019m aware [of it] and laugh\u201d) and its variants,8 and perhaps a Latin instance, parum te amo (\u201cI love you too little\u201d [to register, i.e., not at all]).9 On the theory of a sympotic dis- course, the present formula could offer an answer to a plea such as \u03b5\u1f30 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u1f71\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u00b5\u1f74 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f71\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd There are reasons for adding both to a series of taunting texts belonging to an amatory context, discussed below.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16068", "words": "9462", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "McPhee, Brian D.", "title": "Mythological Innovations in Corinna\u2019s Asopides Poem (fr.654.ii\u2013iv PMG)", "date": "2018", "keywords": "asopides; asopus; boeotian; catalogue; corinna; euonymus; greek; heracles; hermes; hyrieus; land; myth; orion; poetry; poseidon; son; studies; zeus", "summary": "45 See M. L. West, \u201cCorinna,\u201d CQ 20 (1970) 277\u2013287, at 283\u2013284, with the response of M. Davies, \u201cCorinna\u2019s Date Revisited,\u201d StIt 81 (1988) 186\u2013 194, at 186\u2013187, and the counter-response of West, \u201cDating Corinna,\u201d CQ 40 (1990) 553\u2013557, at 553\u2013554. For their identifications see W. Schubart and U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Berliner Klassikertexte V.2 Lyrische und dramatische Fragmente (Berlin 1907) 49\u201352; C. M. Bowra, \u201cThe Daughters of Asopus,\u201d Hermes 73 (1938) 213\u2013221; Page, Corinna 26\u201327; J. Larson, \u201cCorinna and the Daughters of Asopus,\u201d SyllClass 13 (2002) 47\u201362, at 56 n.23.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16069", "words": "11168", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Erismann, Christophe", "title": "The Depicted Man: The Byzantine Afterlife of the Aristotelian Logical Doctrine of Homonyms", "date": "2019", "keywords": "animal; aristotelian; aristotle; byzantine; categories; century; christ; essence; example; homonyms; icon; iconophile; image; man; nicephorus; prototype; studies; theodore; things; \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "Erismann \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 311\u2013339 2019 Christophe Erismann The Depicted Man: The Byzantine Afterlife of Aristotle\u2019s Logical Doctrine of Homonyms Christophe Erismann NOTEWORTHY DEVELOPMENT in Iconophile discourse in the ninth century is the sudden engagement with Aristo- telian logical concepts.1 In order to strengthen their arguments in favour of image veneration, both Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople, and Theodore the Stoudite make use of logical reasoning and concepts. It confirms also that the introduction of logical ideas into the dispute about image veneration was a Constantino- politan phenomenon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16071", "words": "6040", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Alonso D\u00e9niz, Alcorac", "title": "\u00c0 propos de \u03bc\u03c5\u03ba\u1f79\u03c2 \u00ab muet \u00bb dans l\u2019anthroponymie grecque", "date": "2018", "keywords": "avec; byzantine; cette; comme; dans; des; deux; d\u2019autres; d\u2019un; est; grec; greek; j.-c; les; muet; nom; noms; par; pas; pour; que; qui; sont; studies; sur; tr\u00e8s; une; voir; \u00e9t\u00e9; \u00eatre; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "ALCORAC ALONSO D\u00c9NIZ 363 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 58 (2018) 349\u2013365 ch\u00e8vre \u00bb (KN).61 En grec post\u00e9rieur sont attest\u00e9s \u0392\u03bf\u1fe6\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 et peut-\u00eatre \u0392\u03bf\u1fe6\u03ba[\u03c1\u03bf]\u03c2,62 qui, d\u2019apr\u00e8s F. Bechtel, seraient des troncations de compos\u00e9s \u00e0 second membre \u00b0\u03ba\u03c1\u1fb1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u00ab t\u00eate \u00bb (cf. \u03b2\u03bf\u1f7b\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u00ab \u00e0 la t\u00eate de vache \u00bb, \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u00ab \u00e0 la t\u00eate de taureau \u00bb). Cependant, ni le g\u00e9nitif -\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 des sobriquets et des formes courtes en -\u1fb6\u03c2, attest\u00e9e en Thessalie et en Mac\u00e9doine \u00e0 une \u00e9poque plus tardive,53 ni la flexion en nasal des anthroponymes f\u00e9minins indig\u00e8nes en pays illyrien (type Aplo/Aplonis) ne semblent des parall\u00e8les qui puissent expliquer de mani\u00e8re satisfaisante \u039c\u03c5\u03ba\u1fb6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16081", "words": "9652", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "O'Sullivan, Lara", "title": "Court Intrigue and the Death of Callisthenes", "date": "2019", "keywords": "alexander; arrian; callisthenes; chares; conspiracy; court; death; greek; hagnon; intrigue; king; lysimachus; medius; pages; philotas; plutarch; proskynesis; story; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Quomodo adulator 59B. 55 Callisthenes FGrHist 124 T 20. While a number of sophists and flatterers, primed for the event, lauded Alexander\u2019s achievements and urged the adoption of the practice, Callisthenes spoke openly against its introduction, with results fatal for Alexander\u2019s am- bitions in this regard.4", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16083", "words": "11380", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Lindholmer, Mads Ortving", "title": "Cassius Dio and the \u201cAge of \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u201d", "date": "2018", "keywords": "52.1.1; cassius dio; dio; form; greek; late; late republic; lindholmer; narrative; period; power; republic; roman; studies; use; \u03b4\u03b7\u00b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1; \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1", "summary": "See also J. Li- bourel, \u201cAn Unusual Annalistic Source Used by Dio Cassius,\u201d AJP 95 (1974) 383\u2013393, who notes Dio\u2019s violent accounts of Early Republican episodes; however, Libourel attributes this to the use of an unknown source and does not explore the importance of these episodes for Dio\u2019s interpretation. On the creation of the trib- unate in Dio and the parallel sources see J. Libourel, Dio Cassius on the Early Roman Republic (diss.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16084", "words": "6477", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Zaccarini, Matteo", "title": "What\u2019s Love got to do with it? Eros, Democracy, and Pericles\u2019 Rhetoric", "date": "2018", "keywords": "emotions; erastes; eros; esp; greek; love; metaphor; pericles; philia; polis; studies; thucydides; tyranny; zaccarini", "summary": "But evidence is scant, and in the Menexenus Socrates rather praises Pericles\u2019 (Aspasia\u2019s) rhe- torical skills and funeral speech (e.g. at 235E\u2013236B): yet, as we will consistently find more ambiguities in other treatments of political eros, we shall note that Pericles\u2019 speech further stands out in its own deviant way. On this kind of political eros see also Vattuone, Il mostro 150\u2013151.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16085", "words": "7200", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Djurslev, Christian Thrue", "title": "Did Alexander Read Cratinus\u2019 Eunidae on his Deathbed?", "date": "2018", "keywords": "alexander; chennus; comedy; cratinus; death; dionysus; drinking; eunidae; greek; history; king; plutarch; ptolemy; read; reading; roman; studies; tradition; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "They must have taken part in the great number of dra- matic and musical competitions towards the end of Alexander\u2019s life.58 We also know that performers were generally present at banquets in Babylon from the testimony of Nicoboule, who may have attended various festivities in the inner circles of the Mace- donian court.59 The presence of performers is also awkwardly acknowledged in the popular Greek Alexander Romance (hereafter AR), in its \u2018alpha\u2019-recension.60 This biography is a three-book fictional extravaganza that was probably formed in the third century A.D., but many features in it hail from much earlier periods. For the \u2018barbarian\u2019-binge stereotype of the Argead royal family see now M\u00fcller, Die Argeaden 64\u201368, with a particular discussion of the \u201cnew decadence\u201d of Philip and Alexander in S. M\u00fcller, \u201cMake it Big: The \u2018New Decadence\u2019 of the Macedonians under Philip II and Alexander III in Greco-Roman Narratives,\u201d in T. Howe and S. M\u00fcller (eds.), Folly and Violence in the Court of Alexander the Great and his Successors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16086", "words": "10217", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Mann, Kristin", "title": "The Puzzle in Babrius's Prologue", "date": "2018", "keywords": "age; animals; babrius; fables; golden; greek; hawkins; humans; lion; man; prologue; puzzle; reader; speech; studies; violence; world", "summary": "All of this\u2014the Golden Age, the soften- ing of the iambs\u2014seems to suggest that Babrius will be solely concerned with the happiest and gentlest of fables. His authorial pose is that of an educator writing fables for his young pupil(s).5 I will argue that Babrius\u2019s fables have a unique pedagogical bent: rather than 3 The contrast between the prologue and the first fable is discussed by Hawkins, Iambic Poetics 134\u2013136.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16090", "words": "8544", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Doroszewska, Julia", "title": "Windows of Curiosity: Eyes and Vision in Plutarch\u2019s De Curiositate (Mor. 515-523)", "date": "2019", "keywords": "busybody; curiosity; doors; doroszewska; eye; eyes; gaze; greek; house; plutarch; seeing; sight; soul; studies; theory; treatise; vision; windows; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "In Plutarch curiosity has also an appetitive character which is to be satisfied only by feeding on scandals and misfortunes of others (Leigh 14\u201315). Doros \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 158\u2013178 2019 Julia Doroszewska Windows of Curiosity: Eyes and Vision in Plutarch\u2019s De Curiositate (Mor. 515B\u2013523B)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-161", "words": "4966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Kaesser, Christian", "title": "Tweaking the Real: Art Theory and the Borderline between History and Morality in Plutarch\u2019s Lives", "date": "2004", "keywords": "alexander; apelles; art; contrast; life; lives; passage; plutarch; real; reality; representation; truth", "summary": "It is fortunate for such a discussion that Plutarch very often compares his biographical trajectory to the visual arts, thereby opening up for us the possibility to make use of art theory in order to answer our question. Kaesser Tweaking the Real: Art Theory and the Borderline between History and Morality in Plutarch\u2019s Lives Christian Kaesser S", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1611", "words": "2084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Turshan, Nizar", "title": "The Magi: a Rare Mosaic Floor in the Ya\u1ffeamun Church (Jordan)", "date": "2010", "keywords": "byzantine; church; floor; mosaic; studies; turshan", "summary": "This sort of destruction NIZAR TURSHAN 623 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 50 (2010) 616\u2013624 Figure 6: The dome and the lamp \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 occurred at many other churches in northern Jordan.5 There are no independent means of determining a date for this change, but when compared to other churches with similar destruction it corresponds well. 620 THE MAGI: A RARE MOSAIC FLOOR \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 50 (2010) 616\u2013624 Figure 3: Ya\u1ffeamun church floor plan (drawing by Muwafaq Bataineh) \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16134", "words": "5791", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Maksymiuk, Katarzyna", "title": "The Two Eyes of the Earth: The Problem of Respect in Sasanid-Roman Relations", "date": "2018", "keywords": "brother; diplomacy; earth; eds; emperor; eyes; greek; iran; king; maksymiuk; peace; relations; roman; rome; rulers; sasanian; studies; transl; war; xusr\u014d; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "In the context of the diplo- matic protocol we should ask whether communication in both verbal and ritual modes was understood in the same way by Iranian kings and Roman emperors,3 for this affected the rela- tions of the two empires of Late Antiquity. Maksym \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 58 (2018) 591\u2013606 2018 Katarzyna Maksymiuk The Two Eyes of the Earth: The Problem of Respect in Sasanid-Roman Relations Katarzyna Maksymiuk ECAUSE of the specific nature of the written sources describing relations between Rome and Iran during the third to seventh centuries A.D., research on Near Eastern history of the era seems focused on the military conflicts and descriptions of warfare.1 But equally fascinating are the diplo- matic relations between the two empires, especially the protocol of receiving embassies which developed during the four cen- turies of mutual contacts.2 The main topic of this paper is: can 1 E. Kettenhofen, Die r\u00f6misch-persischen Kriege des 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16136", "words": "7260", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Krausm\u00fcller, Dirk", "title": "Adoring the Image of Christ: The Icon Theology of Leo of Chalcedon and Theodore of Stoudios", "date": "2018", "keywords": "byzantine; christ; hypostasis; icon; identity; image; imprint; leo; nature; prototype; son; studies; theodore; veneration; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "This compound ad- jective is shorthand for a complex set of Christological concepts.8 \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a5\u1f31\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1fbd \u03bf\u1f50\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u00b5\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a5\u1f31\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f01\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03ad\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2. This leaves no doubt that for Leo images of Christ\u2019s body are as 18 Arist.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16138", "words": "10303", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Sebastiani, Breno Battistin", "title": "The Coups of 411 and 404 in Athens: Thucydides and Xenophon on Conservative Turns", "date": "2018", "keywords": "404; athenian; athens; battistin; bearzot; cambridge; city; companion; coups; democracy; democrazia; greek; hellenica; sebastiani; studies; theramenes; thirty; thucydides; una; xenophon", "summary": "Immediately after the battle of Munychia, in which the Thirty had been beaten and Critias died, he made an appeal to salvation (soteria), liberty (eleutheria), and peace (eirene) (2.4.20\u201322), even though the result was not exactly what he had in mind: \u201cThis was his speech, and the re- 44 On the complexities of Theramenes\u2019 portrait by Xenophon see Wolpert, Despite the procedural differences that one can highlight in both narratives,55 as historians Thucydides and Xenophon put into practice the synoptic vision afforded by historia, part of the Ionian method of inquiring into men and their actions so as to be able to recognize intentions behind them and their con- nexions.56 Their narratives are still a plea for intellectuals to engage in deep criticism against any kinds of mystification and to always strive for the most of independent thinking they can safeguard for themselves and others.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16142", "words": "9734", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Braccini, Tommaso", "title": "An Apple between Folktales, Rumors, and Novellas: Malalas 14.8 and its Oriental Parallels", "date": "2018", "keywords": "299\u2013323; apple; arabic; braccini; byzantine; century; emperor; eudocia; fact; folktales; fruit; greek; history; indian; king; malalas; nights; paulinus; roman; scott; story; studies; tale; theodosius; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Braccini \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 58 (2018) 299\u2013323 2018 Tommaso Braccini An Apple between Folktales, Rumors, and Novellas: Malalas 14.8 and its Oriental Parallels Tommaso Braccini HE CHRONICLER JOHN MALALAS, writing in the sixth century,1 is the first known Greek author to relate a spectacular incident that involved a recycled gift and apparently took place towards the end of the reign of Theodosius II (408\u2013450). T 300 AN APPLE BETWEEN FOLKTALES \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 58 (2018) 299\u2013323 Malalas 14.8:2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b7 \u03b4\u1f72 \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16144", "words": "9977", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Kennedy, Scott", "title": "A Classic Dethroned: The Decline and Fall of Thucydides in Middle Byzantium", "date": "2018", "keywords": "antiquity; aphthonios; byzantine; byzantium; century; classic; example; exercises; greek; gregory; historians; history; john; kennedy; leo; middle; model; nikephoros; plague; prokopios; roman; scott; source; studies; style; text; thucydides; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "610 A CLASSIC DETHRONED \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 58 (2018) 607\u2013635 rhetoric itself,10 Thucydides featured prominently throughout the rhetorical curriculum from beginning exercises to advanced composition such as declamation, in which students would impersonate a figure from antiquity on a real or imagined his- torical occasion. 252.31 Condemning Thucydides for his obscurity and \u201cwooden\u201d style, Tzetzes wished the Athenians had tossed him and his Histories in a dark pit!32 Dark and obscure, Thucydides was slotted for replacement, as the Byzantines modernized their curriculum.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16149", "words": "8635", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Lenfant, Dominique", "title": "Polygamy in Greek Views of Persians", "date": "2019", "keywords": "15\u201337; brosius; concubines; cyrus; darius; greek; herodotus; king; lenfant; persians; polygamy; studies; views; wife; wives; women", "summary": "The first point to make is that Herodotus\u2019 generalization, in which he attributes many wives to each of the Persians (1.135), stands entirely alone (except for a passage of Strabo, who draws upon him).18 If we set that passage apart, in the whole of Greek literature, only kings are assigned several wives. The only text which suggests an explanation of the Persians\u2019 ideas about polygamy is the passage in which Herodotus mentions the Persian custom of having many wives and many concubines (1.135), where the context into which it is inserted might give some clues.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16156", "words": "2731", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Rzepka, Jacek", "title": "The First Battles of the Chaeronea Campaign, 339/8 B.C.", "date": "2018", "keywords": "battle; cavalry; chaeronea; greek; philip; thebans; war; winter", "summary": "Obviously, this section of the Sylloge Tacti- corum, repeating already-known material, is unattractive in the eyes of ancient historians, as it is not supposed to provide new Some attention was paid to those clashes by J. Kromayer, Antike Schlachtfelder in Griechenland (Berlin 1903) 136; K. J. Beloch, Griechische Geschichte2 III.1 (Berlin 1927) 566; J. R. Ellis, Philip II and Macedonian Imperialism (London 1976) 196 with n.63; G. Cawkwell, Philip of Macedon (London 1978) 145; N. G. L. Hammond and G. T. Griffith, History of Macedonia II (Oxford 1979) 591; W. K. Pritchett, Greek State at War V (Berkeley 1991) 457. The only Philip who can be taken into consideration is Philip II: less famous Philip V never attacked Boeotian Thebes,5 and Phthiotic Thebes (which was in fact besieged and captured in 217) would not be presented without further identification.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16157", "words": "9091", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hiscock, Matthew", "title": "The Frame of the Phaedo", "date": "2019", "keywords": "death; festival; frame; greek; hiscock; leg; muthoi; oschophoria; pain; phaedo; plato; pleasure; race; ritual; socrates; studies; theseus; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "And it is echoed in the emotions depicted in the con- cluding scene, where Plato, through the companions\u2019 reactions, models the ideal response to the moment when Socrates drinks the hemlock.23 But as pleasure, pain, and their inter-relationship also feature in other dialogues, it is important, first, to establish that the Phaedo\u2019s paradox is not merely an echo of ideas developed elsewhere. Phaedo takes care to explain that what he felt was not the normal pity at the death of a close friend (since he was confident that Socrates would fare well after death), nor pleasure at being occupied in the normal business (for Socrates\u2019 circle) of philosophy (58E1\u2013 59A5).28 Rather (59A5\u20137): Philebus,\u201d in R. Kraut (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Plato (Cambridge 1992) 425\u2013463, at 435.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16168", "words": "9672", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Carawan, Edwin", "title": "How the \u201cCrown Case\u201d Came to Trial and Why", "date": "2019", "keywords": "aeschines; alexander; assembly; carawan; case; court; crown; crown case; ctesiphon; decree; demomeles; demosthenes; diondas; edwin; hyperides; penalty; proposal; studies; trial", "summary": "Carawan \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 109\u2013133 2019 Edwin Carawan How the \u201cCrown Case\u201d Came to Trial and Why Edwin Carawan ARLY IN 336 B.C. the Athenian council passed Ctesiphon\u2019s proposal to crown Demosthenes for his service after the defeat at Chaeronea, but Aeschines blocked the measure with a suit for unlawful action (graph\u0113 paranom\u014dn) before it could be enacted in the assembly. So, surely, Aeschines would seize upon Macedon\u2019s juggernaut to punish his adversaries; indeed, Demosthenes accuses Aeschines of capitalizing on recent adversity (18.308).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16172", "words": "11259", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Rop, Jeffrey", "title": "The Outbreak of the Rebellion of Cyrus the Younger", "date": "2019", "keywords": "57\u201385; alcibiades; artaxerxes; briant; cyrus; greek; king; orontas; persian; pharnabazus; rebellion; revolt; sardis; studies; tissaphernes; xenophon", "summary": "When confronted with Cyrus\u2019 expeditionary force, Orontas took refuge at a nearby altar of Artemis and appealed a second time for mercy from him.41 Cyrus accepted his pledge of loyalty, allowed him to re- tain his position, and in 401 summoned him to the rebel muster at Sardis. 57\u201385 2019 Jeffrey Rop The Outbreak of the Rebellion of Cyrus the Younger Jeffrey Rop N THE ANABASIS, Xenophon asserts that the Persian prince Cyrus the Younger was falsely accused of plotting a coup d\u2019\u00e9tat against King Artaxerxes II shortly after his accession to the throne in 404 BCE.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16173", "words": "10511", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Tempest, Kathryn", "title": "Meidias and the Mute Witness: Cicero\u2019s Debt to Demosthenes in the Verrines Reconsidered", "date": "2019", "keywords": "audience; case; cicero; demosthenes; esp; greek; jury; kathryn; meidias; men; point; rhetoric; roman; rome; speech; speeches; sthenius; straton; studies; tempest; trial; use; verres; verrines; witness; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Even though there was no standardization in ancient education, connections were there to be made, and by and large Cicero could expect some of his contemporaries to make them.56 In so doing, Cicero could activate what Pierre Bourdieu has termed \u201cacademic capital\u201d\u2014the rich repository of knowledge with which educated Romans distinguished themselves from their less-privileged counterparts.57 Thus Cicero could hope both to flatter the intelligence of his knowledgeable listeners whilst also projecting his own ethos as a man of culture and learning.58 As Meidias\u2019 preferred method of travel serves to underscore his effeminacy and self- indulgence,44 so too Verres is made to stand in antithesis to the 40 At II.5.1\u20134 Cicero tells us that Verres\u2019 defence team planned to make much of Verres\u2019 military achievements, which were perhaps not as insignifi- cant as Cicero would have us believe: Verres seems to have protected Sicily with some success during the Spartacan revolt (Sall.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16175", "words": "8143", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Plastow, Christine", "title": "Doctors in Attic Forensic Oratory", "date": "2019", "keywords": "aeschines; ariston; athens; case; demosthenes; doctors; euthydicus; knowledge; medicine; oratory; plastow; professional; speaker; studies; testimony; witnesses; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Many doctors are presented as trust- worthy and competent, particularly those who appear in figura- tive passages, where doctors become emblematic of protection against danger to the body and thus an easy analogy for the democratic forms of protection against danger to the city and the people that litigants regularly draw attention to. Plastow \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 575\u2013595 2019 Christine Plastow Doctors in Attic Forensic Oratory Christine Plastow N DEMOSTHENES 54 Against Conon, the speaker Ariston con- trasts his opponents\u2019 witnesses, whom he characterises as co- conspirators prepared to tell a variety of lies on his enemies\u2019 behalf, with his own witnesses, who are doctors (35\u201336): \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03bb\u03b1\u00b5\u03c0\u03c1\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u201c\u03bf\u1f50 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f21\u00b5\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u00b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2; \u03bf\u1f50 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03b8\u1fbd \u1f11\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd; \u03c4\u03af \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f67\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f41\u03c1\u1fb6\u03bd; \u1f21\u00b5\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u00b5\u03b7\u03b4\u1fbd \u1f27\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u00b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16178", "words": "9343", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Busine, Aude", "title": "Basil and Basilissa at Ancyra: Local Legends, Hagiography, and Cult", "date": "2019", "keywords": "ancyra; aude; basil; basilissa; bishop; busine; byzantine; century; christian; church; cult; emperor; greek; julian; martyr; martyrdom; names; pagan; passion; roman; sozomen; studies; woods; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "However, the nature and provenance of the data provided by the Church historian about Basil martyr have never been prop- erly exploited,9 notably because this issue was overshadowed by the vivid discussion between David Woods and Hans Teitler about the authenticity of the Passion (BHG 242).10 This text, similar in form and content to sixth-century hagiographical works, provides an expanded version of Sozomen, relating Basil\u2019s struggle against Eudoxius\u2019 partisans (\u00a72), his opposition to idolatry under Julian (3\u20134), and his arrest and martyrdom (5\u2013 20). Sozomen\u2019s passage about Basil martyr was thus shaped through the mixing of a historical kernel and later ad- ditions, based on an approximate knowledge of the life of a historical bishop together with the frequent habit of linking the death of a local saint to the persecution of Julian.30 Christianizing the King and the Queen gods of Ancyra Hitherto, the traditional confidence in Sozomen has allowed a simple explanation of the origin of the cult of Basil of Ancyra together with a clear terminus post quem: this cult would have developed subsequent to the death of a historical fourth-century martyr.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16179", "words": "8063", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Lewis, Virginia M.", "title": "Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Ideology of Gelon\u2019s Innovative Syracusan Tetradrachm", "date": "2019", "keywords": "alpheios; arethusa; city; coin; deinomenid; demeter; gelon; god; greek; hieron; river; studies; syracusan; syracuse; tetradrachm", "summary": "On Gelon\u2019s accumulation of power in Syracuse see Luraghi, Tirannidi 299\u2013300. The first section provides an overview of the imagery on the coin and considers evidence for its dating and types and then discusses the coin\u2019s relationship to Syracusan tetradrachms of the more common Arethusa/quadriga type.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16193", "words": "5233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Luj\u00e1n, Eugenio R.", "title": "Mycenaean a-re-se-si and Homeric \u1f04\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd Revisited", "date": "2019", "keywords": "1\u201314; cup; greek; homeric; leather; mycenaean; studies; word; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f04\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd", "summary": "In addition to the a-re-se-si, he was also responsible for the production of a number of to-pa ru-de-a2 (probably /storpha rudeha/),17 i.e. a certain kind of leather ropes, with one more hide.18 If we now bring together the Homeric and Mycenaean data, why should we not think of leather cups or goblets? a-re-se-si (dative plural of an s- stem */aleisos/) refers to leather cups.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16194", "words": "6932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Gou\u0161chin, Valerij", "title": "Plutarch on Cimon, Athenian Expeditions, and Ephialtes\u2019 Reform (Plut. Cim. 14-17)", "date": "2019", "keywords": "athenian; blamire; cimon; egypt; ephialtes; expedition; greek; historia; lacedaemonians; plutarch; reform; studies; thucydides", "summary": "The first attack on Cimon was a prosecution in 463 B.C. Cimon, who conducted successful military operations in Thrace, the Chersonese, and Thasos, was put on trial accused of taking bribes from the Macedonian king Alexander: \u201cHe had a good opportunity, as it was thought, to invade Macedonia and cut off a great part of it, and because he would not consent to do it, he was accused of having been bribed to this position by King Alexander, and was actually prosecuted, his enemies forming a coalition against him\u201d (14.2, \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd \u1f14\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd- \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1fbd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd, transl. In 450 it was precisely through the efforts of Cimon that a truce with Sparta was concluded: \u201cWhereupon Cimon came back from banishment and made peace between the cities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16197", "words": "10227", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Koentges, Thomas", "title": "The Un-Platonic Menexenus: A Stylometric Analysis with More Data", "date": "2020", "keywords": "analysis; aristotle; authorship; cluster; corpus; data; feature; greek; menexenus; plato; platonicum; sets; socrates; studies; works", "summary": "The Menexenus has a higher co-occurrence with Xenophon and Lucian than with Platonic works, and the frequency of \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 in it is unusual not only when set against other works in the corpus but also when com- pared with the usage of Plato\u2019s Socrates. THOMAS KOENTGES 213 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 211\u2013241 Menexenus compared with other Platonic works; however, he did not trust those results, for he saw authenticity confirmed by Aristotelian references that may point to the Menexenus.8", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16202", "words": "5130", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Hosty, Matthew", "title": "\u201cBut who art thou?\u201d: Callimachus and the Unsatisfactory Epitaph", "date": "2019", "keywords": "callimachus; dead; epitaph; euthymenes; father; greek; husband; speaker; timonoe", "summary": "The epitaph is surprising in context not because it disproves the whole notion of epitaph, but because it disproves a common and reassuring belief which other epitaphs frequently exploit. 7.522 shows us an unsatisfying encounter with epitaph: a stranger who reads everything a tomb can tell him but is left at a loss how to respond, other than by echoing the commonplace sentiment it 16 E.g. by Pfeiffer, Callimachus II 86, and Gow and Page, HE II 187.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16207", "words": "9079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Hilton, Collin Miles", "title": "Epicurean Myth Rationalization in Plutarch\u2019s De Latenter Vivendo and Lucretius\u2019 Catalogue of Underworld Torments", "date": "2019", "keywords": "argument; collin; death; epicurean; epicurus; fear; greek; hilton; latenter; life; lucretius; miles; myth; non; plato; plutarch; punishment; rationalization; sort; studies; underworld; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "In Plutarch De def. Hilton \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 134\u2013157 2019 Collin Miles Hilton Epicurean Myth Rationalization in Plutarch\u2019s De latenter vivendo and Lucretius\u2019 Catalogue of Underworld Torments Collin Miles Hilton LUTARCH OF CHAERONEA, fittingly for a Platonist, engaged with Epicurus and his followers on a variety of topics, such as physics, ethics, politics, psychology, the- ology, eschatology, and so on.1 Many of these converge in the short treatise De latenter vivendo, which takes aim at the Epicurean adage \u201clive unnoticed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16208", "words": "7957", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Venticinque, Philip F.", "title": "Wealth, Profit, and Social Capital in the Greek Magical Papyri", "date": "2019", "keywords": "ancient; business; capital; craftsmen; economic; favor; greek; magic; pgm; practitioner; profit; reputation; roman; spells; studies; success; wealth; workshop", "summary": "A charit\u0113sion in another fourth-century handbook from Thebes, on the other hand, unites a variety of social qualities with wealth and success, as do business spells. Other spells concentrate less on place; rather, by means of rings and amulets, these seek to benefit and bring profit to the wearer.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16215", "words": "5235", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Berkes, Lajos; Mih\u00e1lyk\u00f3, \u00c1gnes T.", "title": "A Greek Acclamation in Praise of an illustris from Seventh-Century Egypt (P.Berol.inv. 5603 Reconsidered)", "date": "2019", "keywords": "acclamations; byzantine; century; cer; colon; emperor; greek; illustris; lines; praise; studies; text; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c3\u1ff6\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd", "summary": "5603 Reconsidered) Lajos Berkes and \u00c1gnes T. Mih\u00e1lyk\u00f3 HE PAPYRUS reedited here was first transcribed and briefly commented on by F. Krebs in 1892.1 Subse- quently, Paul Maas reprinted its last four verses (11\u201316) in his editions of Byzantine acclamations as \u201cNo. viii. They are attested in papyri of the third and fourth century, when acclamations pronounced at the public meetings of the city council were included in the protocols.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16217", "words": "7352", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Nijs, Wim", "title": "\u201cThen truly the life of the gods will pass to men\u201d: Contemplating Diogenes of Oenoanda\u2019s Golden Age", "date": "2019", "keywords": "age; diathesis; diogenes; epicurean; epicurus; fr.56; future; gods; greek; inscription; life; oenoanda; readers; studies; wisdom", "summary": "Diathesis in Diogenes There are several indications that Diogenes, whose intentions (cf. fr.3) are no less therapeutic than those of Philodemus, has also given some thought to the diathesis of his potential readers, which leads me to make a case for Epicurean diathesis as a plausible solution to the enigma presented by fr.56. The fact that Diogenes uses the term \u03b5\u1f50\u03c3\u1f7b\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 twice, com- bined with the fact that in fr.112 he stresses the importance of one\u2019s diathesis in an ethical context, makes for very good grounds to take Epicurean diathesis into consideration as a possible mech- anism underlying the leap in Diogenes\u2019 reasoning. 3.3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16218", "words": "11549", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Marshall, C. W.; Funke, Melissa", "title": "A Script for a Sixth-Century Mime (P.Oxy. LXXIX 5189)", "date": "2019", "keywords": "character; cook; directions; female; greek; mime; parasite; parsons; script; slave; soldier; stage; studies; \u1f04\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2", "summary": "Stage directions were, for the most part, not part of Greek dramatic texts, and while there are a handful of excep- tions, stage directions are found to a greater extent in papyri that contain mime. When the insulting phrase is used in the performance of the scheme, the key words are in the mouth of character \u0394, when this person is being hit by B, for babbling (v23).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16225", "words": "8557", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Toepel, Alexander", "title": "Late Paganism as Witnessed by the Syriac Cave of Treasures", "date": "2019", "keywords": "author; baalbek; byzantine; cave; century; christian; fire; greek; harran; nimrod; paganism; persian; studies; syriac; toepel; treasures; worship; yonton", "summary": "The coherent use of chronology and the fact that so far no independent source-texts outside of CT have been identified strongly suggest that the text in its entirety goes back to the seventh-century author instead of being an assemblage of earlier unrelated works.5 Whatever its sources may have been, the book had a long afterlife in both Christian and Muslim authors, mostly historians and polymaths such as Ps.-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre (late eighth century), al-Jaqubi (late ninth cen- tury), Tabari and Eutychius of Alexandria (both ninth/tenth century), Michael the Syrian (late twelfth century), Barhebraeus and Solomon of Basra (both thirteenth century).6 In spite of this, the Syriac Book of the Cave of Treasures (henceforth CT ), a Christian apocryphal work of the late sixth or early seventh century written on Persian ground, bears witness to an apparently still vibrant practice of 1 Cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16234", "words": "7572", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Boeten, Julie", "title": "Byzantine Particles, a Case Study: Juxtaposed \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f77 and \u03b4\u1f73 in Medieval Dodecasyllables", "date": "2019", "keywords": "book; byzantine; caesura; diairesis; discourse; epigrams; function; greek; language; metre; particles; studies; texts; verse; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f77", "summary": "He concluded that \u201cjuxtaposition of \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f77 might be a characteristic of asianism,\u201d and since the asianic style strongly influenced the commatic style in Byzantine times,19 it is no surprise that this same characteristic appears frequently in accentual poems as well. In other words, can we assume some sort of metrical pause in the cases where \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f77 occurs far from the main caesura, as in the fol- lowing two examples: (3) (a) \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u1ff6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u1f79\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f38\u03c9\u1f71\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u1f77\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1f71\u03c7\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b8\u1f7b\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c8\u1f71\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 ||B7 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1f79\u03c0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u0392\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6\u03b1 \u03a7\u1f71\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03c1\u1f75\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16254", "words": "2948", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Arinat, Mahmoud; Nassar, Mohammad", "title": "The Geometric Mosaic of the Bath at Khirbet Yajuz: A Comparative Study", "date": "2019", "keywords": "byzantine; fig; figure; jordan; mosaic; roman; yajuz", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 493\u2013506 Figure 5: Bath, Yajuz Figure 6: Baths of Herakleides, Gadara the Aleppo Musum, which dates to the sixth century.8 Significantly, this motif is a good deal older, found already in the Hellenistic period and frequent throughout Roman times. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 493\u2013506 Figure 9: Church of the Figure 10: Baths of Prophets, Gerasa Herakleides, Gadara Figure 11: Bath, Yajuz Figure 12: Second Church, Yasileh This motif became widespread in Jordan during the Byzantine period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16255", "words": "6686", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Tolsa, Cristian", "title": "Vettius Valens\u2019 Longitudes (1.18), Balbillus, and the Illusion of Astrology\u2019s Self-sufficiency", "date": "2019", "keywords": "balbillus; degrees; greek; longitudes; methods; number; planets; studies; tables; time; valens; years; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "And he gives different methods for finding the ascendant, as well as for apprehending the [longitudes of the] planets, without retro- gression. The question is, then, to what purpose were such methods invented and used?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16256", "words": "8905", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Hilton, John L.", "title": "Cnemon, Crispus, and the Marriage Laws of Constantine in the Aethiopica of Heliodorus", "date": "2019", "keywords": "437\u2013459; abduction; adultery; aethiopica; christian; cnemon; constantine; crispus; death; demainete; emperor; fausta; greek; julian; law; laws; marriage; roman; son; studies", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 437\u2013459 Constantine later married Fausta, the daughter of Maximian, who produced three male heirs, Constans, Constantius II, and Constantine II, whose fortunes eventually eclipsed those of Crispus.32 Despite an important naval success against Licinius in 324, he was executed in 326 at Pola in Istria on Constantine\u2019s orders.33 Crispus was probably subjected to some form of trial before Constantine himself.34 His stepmother Fausta was killed in the baths a few months later.35 The precise details of these dramatic events are obscure, highly sensitive, and controversial. Hilton \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 437\u2013459 2019 John L. Hilton Cnemon, Crispus, and the Marriage Laws of Constantine in the Aethiopica of Heliodorus John L. Hilton HE REIGN OF CONSTANTINE I initiated a revolutionary change in religious belief in the Roman Empire.1 Even in his own day Christian authors celebrated Constan- tine\u2019s life and deeds in biographies such as Eusebius\u2019s Life of Constantine (published after the emperor\u2019s death in 337 but based on earlier works, particularly the Ecclesiastical History).2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16257", "words": "10749", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Carney, Elizabeth D.", "title": "Royal Macedonian Widows: Merry and Not", "date": "2019", "keywords": "alexander; carney; cleopatra; death; greek; king; macedonian; marriage; mother; olympias; roxane; royal; son; studies; widows; women", "summary": "Royal widows could be both agents and tools of com- memoration; commemoration of past rulers could increase the apparent legitimacy of a new ruler.76 As bearers of symbolic capital, royal widows sometimes co-opted the past, and at others 73 McGinn, Widows 9\u201310, discusses the general fear; on Eurydice see Mortensen, AHB 6 (1992) 156\u2013171; Ogden, Polygamy 11\u201316; Carney, Women and Monarchy 40\u201345. 74 See C. Werner, \u201cWives, Widows and Children: War Victims in Iliad Book II,\u201d AntCl 77 (2008) 1\u201317. However, the story of Roxane shows that widow marriage for borrowed glory was hardly a rule, though, as I have argued, that she was Alexander\u2019s sexual partner may have been part of the reason no one married her.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16259", "words": "2870", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Cristini, Marco", "title": "Theoderic\u2019s \u1f00\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 and Herodotus\u2019 Getae (Procop. Goth. 2.6.24)", "date": "2019", "keywords": "arrogance; getae; goth; greek; hdt; herodotus; procopius; theoderic; transl; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f00\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u00b5\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7", "summary": "F. M. Pontani (Rome 1974) 133 (\u201cingrato\u201d); Craveri 456 (\u201cnon \u2026 con molta assennatezza\u201d); Procopio de Cesarea, Historia de las Guerras. According to Goth. 2.6, the Goths delivered a long speech aimed at justifying their rule over Italy and said that emperor Zeno had sent Theoderic to the West in order to defeat Odoacer; after that, \u201che and the Goths would hold sway over the land as its legitimate and rightful rulers,\u201d \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u0393\u03cc\u03c4\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 (2.6.16).1 Belisarius replied that the emperor had sent Theoderic in order to wage war against a tyrant, not to conquer the country for himself.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16261", "words": "6324", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Sironi, Francesco", "title": "Heraclitus in Verse: The Poetic Fragments of Scythinus of Teos", "date": "2019", "keywords": "apollo; edmonds; fragment; greek; heraclitean; heraclitus; lyre; scythinus; studies; time; verse; west; \u03b1\u1f54\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd; \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1; \u03b5\u1f37\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd; \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd", "summary": "The only other source about Scythinus is a passage of Diogenes Laertius, who informs us that the Peripatetic philosopher Hieronymus of Rhodes stated that Scythinus transposed the book of Heraclitus into verse (9.16): \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u00b5\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ad \u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a3\u03ba\u03c5\u03b8\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f30\u03ac\u00b5\u03b2\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (sc. \u1f29\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5) \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u00b5\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd. Thanks to Diogenes, we know that Scythinus of Teos put Heraclitus\u2019 On Nature into verse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16265", "words": "10231", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Das, Allison E.", "title": "Health, Harm, and the Civic Body: Medical Language in the Speeches of Demosthenes", "date": "2019", "keywords": "aeschines; athenians; athens; body; crown; das; demosthenes; disease; esp; harm; health; hippocratic; language; medicine; philip; philippic; physician; plato; progn\u00f4sis; simile; speeches; studies; thucydides; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Tragedy was the first to pervasively use Hippocratic medical language, perhaps because of a shared concern with human suffering.5 What the Hippocratic medical writers offered the tragedians was a rich, new vocabulary of suffering that encouraged the audience to relive their own experiences with illness and disease.6 2 H. Yunis, \u201cPolitics as Literature: Demosthenes and the Burden of the Athenian Past,\u201d Arion 8 (2000) 104. Contextualizing Demosthenes\u2019 medical language Before turning to his deliberative speeches, it is essential to briefly consider how Demosthenes might have come into contact with Hippocratic theories.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16271", "words": "6757", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Acerbi, Fabio; Gioffreda, Anna", "title": "Harmonica Membra Disjecta", "date": "2019", "keywords": "acerbi; century; euclid; greek; hand; harmonica; integration; manuscript; marc.gr; marg; ptolemy; text; vat.gr", "summary": "(scholia and sup- plements to the main text, MSG 190\u2013191), 4v (supplements to F\u2019s text), 5r (integrations, MSG 194.16\u201317 and 194.19\u201320), 5v (correc- tions, MSG 196.5\u20136), 6v (corrections to first lines of main text), 7r\u2013 10r (these are the excerpta Bellermanniana; same hand in 8r\u2013v marg. Later hands added further writings in the margins (see Appendix 1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16272", "words": "6028", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Acerbi, Fabio; Panteri, Sara", "title": "Eratosthenes in the Excerpta Neapolitana", "date": "2019", "keywords": "663\u2013679; byzantine; division; eratosthenes; excerpta; greek; neapolitana; notes; ptolemy; ras; section; studies; vat.gr", "summary": "Corrections in rasura are noted \u201cras.,\u201d because we are only interested in the original text of the Excerpta in Vat.gr. On Greek divisions of the monochord see A. Barker, \u201cThree Approaches to Canonic Division,\u201d Apeiron 24.4 (1991) 49\u201383; Barker, The Science 12\u201318, with very clear diagrams; and D. E. Creese, The Monochord in Ancient Greek Harmonic Science (Cambridge 2010).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16280", "words": "7242", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Illarraga, Rodrigo", "title": "Xenophon\u2019s Psychology of Philotimia", "date": "2020", "keywords": "192\u2013210; cyropaedia; cyrus; desire; good; greek; hiero; honour; illarraga; philotimia; pleasure; sophrosune; studies; xenophon", "summary": "See W. Nestle, \u201cXenophon und die Sophistik,\u201d Philologus 94 (1940) 31\u201350; C. J. Clas- sen, \u201cXenophons Darstellung der Sophistik und der Sophisten,\u201d Hermes 112 (1984) 154\u2013167; F. Villar, \u201cThe Uses of sophist\u00e9s in Xenophon,\u201d in C. M\u00e1rsico et al. (eds.), Xenophon Philosopher: Ethics and Argumentation (Bern forthcoming). This adds a new level of complexity to Whitehead\u2019s traditional division between good philotimia focused on the in- terest of the community and bad philotimia as the interest of the individual.22 In fact, Xenophon\u2019s philotimia23 appears as the core of another type of morality, where, as Danzig has said, \u201cself- interest is compatible with benefiting others.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16284", "words": "10697", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Mayhew, Robert", "title": "Aristotle on Helios\u2019 \u2018Omniscience\u2019 in Iliad 3 and Odyssey 12: On schol. B* Iliad 3.277", "date": "2020", "keywords": "98\u2013123; aristotle; cattle; earth; fol; greek; helios; homer; iliad; lampetia; porphyry; problem; schol; scholia; scholium; solution; studies; things; time; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "I ROBERT MAYHEW 99 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 98\u2013123 however, in describing his adventures, and specifically the killing of the Cattle of Helios by his comrades on the island Thrinakia, Odysseus says (374\u2013375): \u201cSwift to Hyperion Helios came a messenger, Lampetia5 of the long robe, [proclaiming] that we/the companions killed his cattle,\u201d \u1f60\u03ba\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f28\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u1ff3 \u1f59\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9 \u1f04\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5 \u039b\u03b1\u00b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cd\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f45 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b2\u03cc\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f14\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd \u1f21\u00b5\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2/\u1f14\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u1f11\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9.6 ROBERT MAYHEW 103 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 98\u2013123 \u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u00b5\u1f74 \u1f11\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u0398\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03cc\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u1fb7, \u03bf\u1f50 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 :\u2014 Why, having said that Helios oversees all things and overhears all things, did [Homer] portray [him] needing a messenger in the case of his own cattle: \u201cSwift to Hyperion Helios came a messenger, Lampetia of the long robe, [proclaiming] that the companions", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16290", "words": "9833", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Tolsa, Cristian", "title": "On the Origins of the Hippocratic Oath", "date": "2019", "keywords": "asclepiads; b.c; cato; century; context; cristian; cult; embassy; family; greek; hippocratic; history; medicine; oath; origins; physicians; practice; roman; rome; studies; text; tolsa; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "L. Edelstein\u2019s hypothesis that the Hippocratic Oath was originally written by a Pythago- rean group1 has been largely dismissed for lack of evidence, and a series of scholars have instead explored the affinities between the Oath and mainstream ethical concepts in classical Greek society.2 If these studies tend to emphasize the \u2018normality\u2019 of the Oath in the fifth- and fourth-century context, the oddities of the text have been tackled by assuming that it was written (by Hip- pocrates) to ensure a proper use of medical knowledge outside the Asclepiad clan. In this regard, Cato might have been an exception: even an encyclopedic author like Pliny seems to ignore the Oath when dealing with topics obviously connected with the Oath, in his invective against Greek physicians that follows the quotation from Cato.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16304", "words": "11527", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Bourke, Graeme", "title": "Strabo and the Epeians of the Iliad", "date": "2020", "keywords": "1\u201330; alpheios; bourke; b\u00f6lte; catalogue; elis; epeians; greek; homeric; iliad; nestor; olympia; poet; pylos; river; rock; site; strabo; studies; visser", "summary": "Before appraising Strabo\u2019s attempt to establish the significance of the toponyms mentioned here, it is necessary to address two matters: the doubts expressed by certain scholars concerning the prov- enance of an element of the Epeian entry; and the relationship of the passages which comprise the Catalogue of Ships to the Iliad as a whole. In his view, line 2.617, and certain lines of Book 11, were inserted by Alkibiades during his sojourn in Sparta in order to please the Lakedai- monians by placing Nestor\u2019s palace in Lepreatis and thereby justifying the independence of the Lepreans from the Eleians.11 To explain how these lines came to be in the text of the Iliad known to both Strabo and ourselves, Frame hypothesises that upon his return to Athens Alkibiades, who \u201chad simply grown fond of his own contribution to Homer and wished to see it per- petuated,\u201d interpolated the relevant lines into the version of the Iliad recited at the Panathenaia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16306", "words": "4427", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Cartlidge, Ben", "title": "Emendations of Alcinous\u2019 Didaskalikos from the Witt-Dodds Briefwechsel", "date": "2019", "keywords": "albinus; didaskalikos; dodds; emendations; greek; studies; text; translation; whittaker; witt; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) 680\u2013692 was an entirely new critical edition, updating the earlier work by Louis, and was greeted with enthusiasm by the scholarly com- munity.24 Whittaker had corresponded with Witt, and notes in his apparatus various suggestions on the text made by R. E. Witt and R. C. H. Witt; in the introduction we read: \u201cEn 1970 ils sont g\u00e9n\u00e9reusement mis \u00e0 notre disposition tous les mat\u00e9riaux qu\u2019ils avaient rassembl\u00e9s.\u201d In a letter dated 26.12.31 to F. H. Sandbach made available to me by Richard Witt, R. E. Witt demonstrates at great length the respects in which Hermann\u2019s preface fails to do justice to the manuscript evidence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1631", "words": "8465", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Nobili, Cecilia", "title": "Threnodic Elegy in Sparta", "date": "2011", "keywords": "aulodic; battle; elegy; festival; greek; gymnopaidiai; mus; music; new; nobili; nomos; paeans; passage; plut; polymnestus; sacadas; simonides; sparta; studies; thaletas; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The existence of some form of threnodic elegy connected with \u1f14\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 and with funerary epigram is substantially accepted by B. Gentili, \u201cEpigramma ed elegia,\u201d in L\u2019\u00e9pigramme grecque (Vand\u0153vres/Geneva 1967) The problem of threnodic elegy has been recently reexamined: C. Nobili, \u201cOmero e l\u2019elegia trenodica,\u201d Acme 59 (2006) 3\u201324; Aloni and 28 THRENODIC ELEGY IN SPARTA \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16316", "words": "8417", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Fisher, Elizabeth A.", "title": "Natural Omens in Byzantine Literature: An Unpublished Translator\u2019s Preface to a Brontologion (Petrop.Bibl.Publ. 575)", "date": "2019", "keywords": "alexios; apocalypse; arabic; book; byzantine; century; fisher; greek; literature; month; omens; preface; studies; text; translator; version; \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9", "summary": "Version of the re-translator: \u1f18\u1f70\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u00b5\u03b7\u03bd\u1f76 \u1f00\u00b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u1fc344 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u1fc7 \u1f41 \u1f2d\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b145 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u00b5\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u00b7 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c1\u1f76\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u00b5\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c246 \u1f51\u03b5\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50 43 E. Trapp, Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gr\u00e4zit\u00e4t (Vienna 2001) Greek text: P. Boudreaux, CCAG VIII.3 (Brussels 1913) 171\u2013172.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16321", "words": "2557", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Rzepka, Jacek", "title": "Subdivisions of the Boeotian Confederacy after 379 B.C.", "date": "2019", "keywords": "boeotian; century; districts; greek; league; rzepka; thebans; thebes; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Often the di- vision into phylai or districts was expressed in nearly arithmetic formulae, and states were so proud of their division schemes that their association with certain numbers could rise to become the national emblem.1 For Greek federal states it is even postulated that the main milestone in passing from the primordial tribal state to the developed federal state was the introduction of pro- portional district division.2 In Greek states the number of districts could hardly be acci- dental, and we may safely assume that it served to reflect military potential above all. Proverbial connotations of political divisions within the polis are attested for Corinth (Suda \u03c0 225 \u03c0\u1f71\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f40\u03ba\u03c4\u1f7d, \u201call things in eights\u201d); for local traditions concerning numbers of civic subdivisions of Greek states see N. F. Jones, Public Organization in Ancient Greece (Philadelphia 1987).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16334", "words": "10960", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Maltagliati, Giulia", "title": "Persuasion through Proximity (and Distance) in the Attic Orators\u2019 Historical Examples", "date": "2020", "keywords": "athenians; audience; cognitive; demosthenes; distance; events; examples; maltagliati; orators; past; persuasion; present; proximity; speakers; speech; studies; time; use; way; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u00b5\u03b1; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "68\u201397 also taken into account the impact of oral traditions, social memories,3 rhetorical genres,4 and institutions5 on the orators\u2019 presentation, and the audience\u2019s evaluation, of historical events. 3 R. Thomas, Oral Tradition and Written Record in Classical Athens (Cambridge 1989), has shown how different oral traditions could explain alternative ver- sions of historical events.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16335", "words": "7906", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Parks, Mitchell H.", "title": "Reapportioning Honors: Intertextuality in Against Leptines", "date": "2020", "keywords": "agesilaus; athens; conon; demosthenes; evagoras; greek; honors; isoc; leptines; passage; praise; risk; speech; studies; texts; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "[1997] 13\u201334, at 26) \u201cthat there is a tendency at times for intertextual criticism to concentrate on poetic literary texts to the neglect first of prose, sub-literary, and non-literary texts, and second of other types of cultural pro- duction.\u201d 2 This is the chief reason why they can be productively placed in dialogue with Against Leptines: they are that speech\u2019s immediate predecessors\u2014in the case of the Agesilaus, by half a decade at most15\u2014in claiming that praise can further, rather than harm, the cause of the collective.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16340", "words": "7397", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Olsen, Robert J.", "title": "The Last Arab Siege of Constantinople (717\u2013718): A Neglected Source", "date": "2020", "keywords": "arab; byzantine; campaign; city; constantinople; greek; leo; maslama; narrative; siege; sources; studies; synaxaria; text; theophanes; tradition; \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 425\u2013443 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1ff3\u03c7\u03b7\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u1fc3 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u00b5\u03b7\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u00b5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc7\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u00b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u1f76 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1fc3\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u00b5\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9. \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b3\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u00b5\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u00b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f00\u03c4\u03b9\u00b5\u03af\u1fb3 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16343", "words": "8101", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Kaldellis, Anthony", "title": "The Discontinuous History of Imperial Panegyric in Byzantium and its Reinvention by Michael Psellos", "date": "2019", "keywords": "693\u2013713; byzantine; court; emperor; greek; history; kaldellis; orations; panegyric; period; psellos; rhetoric; roman; speech; speeches; studies; text", "summary": "For a brief history of the genre see C. E. V. Nixon and B. S. Rodgers, In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini (Berkeley 1994) 1\u20133; for an introduction to the social context of late Roman panegyric, citing previous T 694 THE DISCONTINUOUS HISTORY OF IMPERIAL PANEGYRIC \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 59 (2019) This article will challenge this assumption and argue for a significant rupture in the production and delivery of imperial panegyrics.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16348", "words": "5610", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "87", "author": "N\u00fcnlist, Ren\u00e9", "title": "Nicanor's System of Punctuation", "date": "2020", "keywords": "clause; nic; nicanor; punctuation; schol; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u00b5\u03ae; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u1f04\u03bd\u03c9", "summary": "A Il. 2.23b Nic.; see Appendix). A Il. 14.317a Nic.) deal with a \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd, which normally receives a \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae (\u00a74.2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16351", "words": "2358", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Cristini, Marco", "title": "Frankish \u1f01\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u1f77 in Lucca? Reading Agathias Hist. 1.18.5", "date": "2020", "keywords": "agathias; city; frankish; franks; goths; lucca; narses; roman; \u1f01\u03c1\u00b5\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u1f77", "summary": "Reading Agathias Hist. 1.18.5 Marco Cristini HE FIRST BOOK of Agathias\u2019 Historiae describes the fighting between Justinian\u2019s troops, led by Narses, and the Goths after the death of their last king, Theia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16352", "words": "9895", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Jeirani, Yashar", "title": "The Politics of Benefit: On the Identity of Household Management and Politics in Xenophon\u2019s Memorabilia", "date": "2020", "keywords": "antisthenes; benefit; city; doctrine; good; household; knowledge; management; politics; socrates; victory; xenophon", "summary": "The Socratic conception of household management and the identification of politics with household management In the section which describes how Socrates assisted his friends regarding noble things, Xenophon narrates a conversation be- tween Socrates and Nicomachides, prompted by the former. 36\u201360 dialogue shows that Xenophon\u2019s Socrates puts forth this calcu- lative and benefit-based political doctrine as an anti-doctrine to a more \u2018noble\u2019 political doctrine which stresses noble virtues or honor-based distinctions as the ultimate standard for evaluating and being a statesman (Nietsche\u2019s \u201cpathos of distance\u201d).6 I argue that Socrates provides two reasons for supporting his doctrine identifying statesmanship and household management; these two reasons, by focusing on the interests of the ruled and the rulers respectively, prove the point that the identification doc- trine is a political doctrine (or Socratic political doctrine) proper.7 with Socrates\u2019 position in Memorabilia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16357", "words": "7185", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kotansky, Roy D.", "title": "A Silver Votive Plaque with a Judicial Prayer against Slander", "date": "2020", "keywords": "curse; gaia; god; greek; hiera; magic; magika; plaque; pompeia; prayers; roman; silver; studies; tablet; text; versnel; votive", "summary": "11 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u1fc3 \u03c6\u03ae\u00b5[\u1fc3]: Versnel, in Magical Practice 136, aptly writes \u201cEnvy breeds gossip \u2026 Gossip, in its turn, generates evil fame,\u201d and introduces, among other texts, Hesiod Cat. 34 Varro wrote that \u201cGaia is celebrated above all other names [super omnes celebrata] formed from the praenomen of the husband\u201d: quoted by Peter Keegan, \u201cRoman Gaia and the Discourse of Patronage: Retrograde C in CIL VI,\u201d in John Bodel et al. (eds.), Ancient Documents and their Contexts (Leiden/Boston 2015) 152\u2013173, at 155 with n.7 (citing De praen.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16358", "words": "3615", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Cairns, Francis", "title": "The Terms komos and paraclausithyron", "date": "2020", "keywords": "amator; cairns; copley; door; greek; komos; lover; paraclausithyron; song; studies; term; \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u1f77\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd", "summary": "By the repeated misapplications of paraclausithyron Copley perpetuated a terminological muddle which has persisted widely to this day: many scholars employ komos and paraclausithyron as if they are synonyms,7 and others argue that paraclausithyron, not komos, is the appropriate term for poems involving the excluded lover.8 This is all the more regrettable given that Georg Luck, in his (German-language!) Insistence on the distinction between komos and paraclausithyron in the con- text of the excluded lover is not pedantry: komos may involve a whole sequence of actions on the part of the komast, including the performance of a song, whereas paraclausithyron (if it is a gen- uine Greek term: see \u00a72) is the komast\u2019s song, and nothing more; cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16362", "words": "2628", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Jazdzewska, Katarzyna", "title": "\u201cStill noon\u201d in Plato\u2019s Phaedrus (and in Heraclides of Pontus)", "date": "2020", "keywords": "epiphany; heraclides; midday; noon; phaedrus; plato; \u00b5\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u00b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03b1; \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7; \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac", "summary": "Dialogues with the Silent Philosopher (University Park 2000) 11: \u201cIf the reader asks why Plato has Phaedrus notice the time of day, the significance of this dramatic detail becomes clear: it is precisely at this demonic hour when gods appear to men and Pan makes his sudden epiphany, that Socrates decides to remain on the banks of the Ilissos and begin his inspired speech in praise of love as a kind of divine madness.\u201d \u201d11 Ryan follows Burnet and keeps the phrase, but finds it awkward and notes that \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac is \u201ca quasiscientific term, not part of the urbane vocabulary of Socrates and Phaedrus,\u201d and that Plato precedes it with \u1f21 \u03b4\u1f74 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u00b5\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7, apologizing \u201cfor its redundancy in the wake of the \u00b5\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u00b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u1f35\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 explicante, proficisci potuerunt, a Platone non potuerunt.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16369", "words": "7086", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Van Pelt, Julie", "title": "Disguised Identity and Recognition in the Life of Gregory of Agrigento (BHG 707)", "date": "2020", "keywords": "bishop; euphrosyne; father; greek; gregory; hagiographer; identity; life; lives; narrative; pelt; plot; recognition; saint; son; studies; van", "summary": "At 23, he claims that \u201cLeontios must have known younger friends and servants of the Pope and bishop Gregory himself when he was a young monk, and his personal links with Agrigento and the monastery of Saint Sabas in Rome, where the bishop also stayed, suggest that he was an eye- witness and a reliable reporter, even if he got a few names wrong.\u201d While it is possible that he did, it is equally possible that he rather wanted his readers to enjoy Gregory\u2019s narrative in itself, just as they would enjoy that of Euphrosyne or other disguised saints.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16375", "words": "9767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Kampianaki, Theofili", "title": "Perceptions of Flavius Josephus in the Medieval Greek and Latin Literary Traditions", "date": "2020", "keywords": "antiquities; author; christian; church; eds; eusebius; flavius; flavius josephus; greek; historian; history; jews; josephus; kampianaki; latin; medieval; roman; studies; translation; truth; war; works; writer", "summary": "If you wish to know the punishment of the sinning Jews, who raged at Christ, read the history of Josephus\u2014a Jewish man, but one who loved truth\u2014about the sack, so that you will know about such a God-sent punishment that the entire time has not known since when and as long as men [have lived].1 This is the vehement reply of the theologian Isidore of Pelousion (A.D. 360/370\u2013d. after 433) to the epistle of a friend who was interested in reading about how Jews had been historically punished for the crucifixion of Christ.2 Isidore instructed his friend to read an author who, according to him, was committed to writing the truth even though he was a Jew: the historian Flavius Josephus (37\u2013100),3 a writer highly esteemed and fre- quently consulted by Christians in the late antique and medieval 1 Isidore of Pelousion Ep. It should be added that medieval Greek and (Leiden 2014); J. Edmondson et al. (eds.), Flavius Josephus and Flavian Rome (Ox- ford 2005); J. Sievers et al. (eds.), Josephus and Jewish History in Flavian Rome and Beyond (Leiden 2005); T. Rajak, Josephus: The Historian and his Society2 (London 2002).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16382", "words": "9776", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "G\u0142ogowski, Piotr", "title": "Cyrus the Younger and his Persians: The Dynamics of Power", "date": "2020", "keywords": "abrocomas; army; artaxerxes; briant; campaign; cyrus; fact; greek; king; orontas; persian; phoenicia; rop; studies; war; xenophon", "summary": "We do see that in the army of Cyrus Orontas did not have any considerable forces of his own, which perhaps should keep us from overestimating his importance. Glogowski \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 165\u2013191 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Cyrus the Younger and his Persians: The Dynamics of Power Piotr G\u0142ogowski T IS NOTEWORTHY how little we know about Cyrus the Younger\u2019s faction and those among Persians who sup- ported him in his attempt to wrest the kingship.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16398", "words": "1581", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Diggle, James", "title": "Four Notes on Herodotus", "date": "2020", "keywords": "herodotus; sense; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "Diggle \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 31\u201335 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Four Notes on Herodotus James Diggle I 1.66.1 \u03bf\u1f37\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f14\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u1fc3 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03ca \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u1ff3 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5 \u1f14\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u00b5\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd (v.l. \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd-). Powell, who understood what Herodotus is saying, gives the JAMES DIGGLE 35 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 31\u201335 sense \u201csally out.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16401", "words": "10084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Leidholm, Nathan", "title": "Artaxerxes in Constantinople: Basil I\u2019s Genealogy and Byzantine Historical Memory of the Achaemenid Persians", "date": "2020", "keywords": "achaemenid; arsacid; artaxerxes; basil; byzantine; byzantium; century; claims; constantinople; cyrus; dynasty; empire; greek; king; leidholm; leo; persian; reign; roman; studies; synkellos; tradition; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "Though it has largely escaped notice in modern studies, Leo VI identifies the Artaxerxes in Synkellos\u2019 chronicle not with Artaxerxes II, but with Artaxerxes I. Plutarch\u2019s Life of Artaxerxes, which is otherwise dedicated to Artaxerxes II, begins with a brief notice celebrating the first Artaxerxes\u2019 \u201cgentleness and magnanimity\u201d (Artax. 1.1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16405", "words": "8244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "K\u00e1rp\u00e1ti, Andr\u00e1s", "title": "A pais kitharist\u0113s on a Fifth-Century Krater: Innovation in Musical Contest Iconography and the \u2018Thracian\u2019 Kithara.", "date": "2020", "keywords": "bapd; century; chelys; chous; concert; contest; depictions; figure; greek; hybrid; instrument; kithara; krater; lyre; painter; pais; panathenaic; scenes; studies; vase", "summary": "3\u201340, 161\u2013166, 177\u2013180; M. F. Vos, \u201cAulodic and Auletic Contests,\u201d in H. A. G. Brijder (ed.), Enthousiasmos: Essays on Greek and Related Pottery presented to J. M. Hemelrijk (Amsterdam 1986) 121\u2013130; H. Kotsidu, Die musischen Agone der Panathen\u00e4en in archaischer und I ANDR\u00c1S K\u00c1RP\u00c1TI 499 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 498\u2013525 merits close scrutiny because the painter depicted him with a so-called \u2018hybrid\u2019 kithara,4 the iconographic role of which in contest scenes is still not quite clear.5 Within a main group of 23 vases representing hybrid kitharas, we are now able to define a subgroup of eleven as \u2018musical contest scenes with hybrid kithara\u2019 (see Table 1). Th.Cc.53 pais 4? (frag- mentary) seated on hydria with sprig, an other pais with kithara, name inscriptions References to earlier lists containing musical contest scenes with hybrid kitharas: TPh = Talcott and Philppaki, Hesperia Suppl.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16407", "words": "2194", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Acerbi, Fabio", "title": "\u03a8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2", "date": "2020", "keywords": "manuscripts; ruhnken; scholia; scholium; siebenkees; \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd; \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u00b5\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "191B4, now best read as scholium no. 230 in Tht. In their order of pub- lication, these editions are: Siebenkees\u2019 Anecdota graeca (1798),7 Ruhnken\u2019s Scholia in Platonem (1800),8 Gaisford\u2019s catalogue of the Clarkian manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (1812),9 and Bekker\u2019s edition of the Platonic dialogues supplemented with scholia (1823).10 Hermann\u2019s own edition of the Platonic scholia appeared in 1853 as an appendix to the dialogues.11 Of those scholars, Gaisford alone did not print the scholium.12 4 Heiberg writes \u201c\u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u00b5\u1ff6\u03bd codd., corr.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1641", "words": "8640", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Bassett, Sarah E.", "title": "The Late Antique Image of Menander", "date": "2008", "keywords": "antique; antiquity; b.c; century; context; early; figs; figure; image; menander; new; poet; portrait; richter; roman; smith; style", "summary": "For Libanius\u2019 use of Menander see S. G. Nervegna, Studies in the Recep- tion of Menander in Antiquity (diss. This lack 41 For Romans\u2019 estimation of the value of Menander see Quint.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16410", "words": "10490", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Poletti, Beatrice", "title": "The Agency of Prayers: The Legend of M. Furius Camillus in Dionysius of Halicarnassus", "date": "2020", "keywords": "agency; beatrice; camillus; city; curse; defixiones; dionysius; gods; greek; hiera; justice; life; livy; magika; narrative; poletti; prayers; roman; rome; sources; studies; tablets; veii; versnel; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd", "summary": "1\u201364, with examples from both Greek and 378 THE AGENCY OF PRAYERS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 360\u2013386 third components were interchangeable depending on the urgency of the petitioner\u2019s wish.42 Compared to Greek prayers, Roman prayers could present a more elaborate invocatio, in which the precise identification of the deity called upon for help was felt as crucial.43 In case of uncertainty, the Roman custom was to supply a name ad hoc or use formulas including either gender.44 In complex invocations with multiple deities, the name of the individual gods preceded general divine categories.45 There were naturally differences between prayers composed for and recited in public liturgies and individual prayers; yet the latter, however \u2018spontaneous\u2019, appear to have been modelled on the same standard structure.46 Prayers or curses in magical contexts and defixiones were characterized by similar elements although they allowed for more flexibility and thus presented more numerous types and variations. Livy, followed by other sources, relates that before taking Veii Camillus had vowed a tenth of the plunder to Apollo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16418", "words": "3495", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Nassar, Mohammad; al-Bashaireh, Khaled; Harahsheh, Rafe; Hwari, Wasif", "title": "The Mosaic Pavement at Girmil, Jordan: A Comparative Study", "date": "2020", "keywords": "byzantine; church; fig; figure; girmil; mosaic; red; scene; studies", "summary": "Lion and bull Figure 5: Lion and bull, Girmil church \u2014\u2014\u2014 The top-most scene, below the inscription, is of a lion and bull in confrontation ( fig. 5). Figure 12, lions attacking men, Girmil church \u2014\u2014\u2014 Agricultural motifs Date palm harvest Figure 13: Laborer cutting palm, Girmil church \u2014\u2014\u2014 The second row portrays three palm trees, with a laborer cutting one of them ( fig. 13).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16419", "words": "8247", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Gro\u00df, Jonathan", "title": "On the Transmission of Paeanius", "date": "2020", "keywords": "breviarium; droysen; edition; esp; eutropius; greek; gregoras; john; lambros; latin; manuscript; paeanius; paianios; paragraph; roman; schulze; scribe; studies; text; transmission; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "81 Paeanius: L f. 214r\u2013216v L f. 75v.16\u201335", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16422", "words": "6799", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "O'Connell, Peter", "title": "How Often Did the Athenian Dikasteria Meet? A Reappraisal", "date": "2020", "keywords": "athenian; athens; century; courts; days; dikasteria; evidence; festival; hansen; law; number; studies; trials", "summary": "This leaves us with no decisive basis to calculate the minimum number of court days in the fourth century. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 324\u2013341 more judges would have presented themselves if there were a limited number of court days a month, and if each day re- quired such a large number of judges that those who did show up were more likely to be selected for a dikasterion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16434", "words": "4841", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Morugina, Kseniia S.", "title": "Patriarch Philotheus Kokkinos: A Comparison of Textual Versions of the Canon to St. Nicholas", "date": "2020", "keywords": "canon; codex; kokkinos; manuscript; morugina; nicholas; patriarch; philotheus; song; studies; text; vatican; \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5; \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b8\u03c9\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd \u1f55\u00b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u00b5\u03b7\u03bd 700 PATRIARCH PHILOTHEOS KOKKINOS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 691\u2013707 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u00b5\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f55\u00b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c5\u00b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u00b5\u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u1ff3 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u00b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u201cLet us come together, those who compose hymns to the Divine, and conjointly adhering to all logic and knowl- edge let us hymn radiantly the only beginning and cause of hymns, those who compose every kind of laud for the Virgin.\u201d \u1f5d\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f40\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u00b5\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u00b5\u1f78\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f14\u03b4\u03c9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f57 \u03b5\u1f57\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u1f04\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16437", "words": "6497", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Berardi, Roberta", "title": "Letters or Speeches? Four \u03a4estimonia on Lysias\u2019 \u1f18\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac", "date": "2020", "keywords": "epistles; erotic; fragments; isocrates; letters; lysianic; lysias; phaedrus; plato; production; speeches; studies; suda; works; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 342\u2013359 existence of erotic letters attributed to Lysias, but it also shows how blurred the difference between erotic epistles (or \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9- \u03ba\u03bf\u1f76 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9) and erotic speeches must have been in antiquity, and even more for us modern readers. Un- fortunately, the paucity of the information contained in Lysias\u2019 fragments of alleged erotic speeches does not allow us to place any of them in the category of philosophical erotic speeches.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16442", "words": "9619", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Dulu\u015f, Mircea G.", "title": "Philagathos of Cerami, Procopius of Gaza, and the Rhetoric of Appropriation", "date": "2020", "keywords": "472\u2013497; amato; byzantine; cerami; corcella; description; dulu\u015f; ekphrasis; filagato; gaza; greek; hom; homily; image; mircea; monody; philagathos; procopius; studies; \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "\u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u00b5\u03af\u00b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b7- \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u00b5\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd, \u1f00\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f44\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u1f04\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f30\u03c4\u03b1\u00b5\u1f78\u03bd35 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u1f72\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u00b5\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u00b5\u03b1. Photius in the ninth century praised Procopius\u2019 poly- morphous corpus, which he qualified as \u201cworthy of admiration and a source of imitation\u201d (\u1f04\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b6\u1f75\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u00b5\u03b9\u00b5\u1f75\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u00b5\u03b1).4 In 2 On Procopius of Gaza see E. Amato (ed.), Rose di Gaza: gli scritti retorico- sofistici e le Epistole di Procopio di Gaza (Alessandria 2010); see also the thorough discussion in Procope de Gaza: Discours et fragments, texte \u00e9tabli, introduit et comment\u00e9 par E. Amato, avec la collaboration de A. Corcella et G. Ventrella, traduit par P. Mar\u00e9chaux (Paris 2014) XI\u2013LXXXV; R. B. ter Haar Romeny, \u201cProcopius of Gaza and his Library,\u201d in H. Amirav et al. (eds.), From Rome to Constantinople: Studies in Honour of Averil Cameron (Leuven 2007) 174\u2013190.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16450", "words": "11183", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Bremner, Sarah", "title": "The Rhetoric of Athenian Identity in Demosthenes\u2019 Early Assembly Speeches", "date": "2020", "keywords": "assembly; athenian; athens; bremner; demosthenes; greek; herrman; identity; memory; men; past; philip; philippic; present; rhetoric; studies; war", "summary": "For the purposes of this paper, it does not matter which war Demosthenes refers to, but rather that he is presuming an expected behaviour that transcends a specific context. Bremner \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 544\u2013573 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Rhetoric of Athenian Identity in Demosthenes\u2019 Early Assembly Speeches Sarah Bremner EMOSTHENES\u2019 DELIBERATIVE SPEECHES consistently engage with the rhetoric of identity to confront an internal crisis in the Athenian Assembly.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16455", "words": "3008", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Andolfi, Ilaria", "title": "Uncovering Aristotle\u2019s Debt to Protagoras (80A30 D.-K./D32 L.-M.)", "date": "2021", "keywords": "achilles; aristotle; greek; iliad; narrative; passage; plato; protagoras; studies", "summary": "Andolfi \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 26\u201333 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Uncovering Aristotle\u2019s Debt to Protagoras (80A30 D.-K./D32 L.-M.) Ilaria Andolfi HIS PAPER sets out to reveal a contribution made by the fifth-century sophist Protagoras to the field of literary scholarship, as described by Aristotle. The translation of \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd in the Aristotle passage, and consequently in Protagoras\u2019 fragment, varies in modern scholarship.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16467", "words": "12742", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Pizzone, Aglae", "title": "Self-authorization and Strategies of Autography in John Tzetzes. The Logismoi Rediscovered", "date": "2020", "keywords": "aglae; aristophanes; author; book; byzantine; century; commentary; copies; copyist; fact; hermogenes; historiai; john; leone; lettore; lines; logismoi; luzzatto; nikephoros; pizzone; scholia; section; self; studies; text; tzetzes; vossianus; work; writing; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "For a description of Tzetzes\u2019 exegetical work as a result of his own \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u00b5\u03cc\u03c2 see the first line of the poem opening his notes to Oppian\u2019s Halieutica: A. Colonna, \u201cIl commento di Giovanni Tzetzes agli Halieutica di Oppiano,\u201d in Lanx satura: Nicolao Terzaghi oblata (Genoa 1963) 101\u2013104. This model informs also exemplary authorial figures: for instance, literary creation emerges as a solitary endeavor in the portrait of Homer traced by Tzetzes in the scholia to the Plutus.105 Homer, the ideal 104 On Tzetzes and patronage see A. Rhoby, \u201cIoannes Tzetzes als Auftragsdichter,\u201d Graeco-Latina Bruniensia 15 (2010) 155\u2013170; V. F. Lovato, \u201cFrom Cato to Plato and Back Again: Friendship and Patronage in Tzetzes\u2019 Letters,\u201d ClMed (forthcoming).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16469", "words": "8706", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "De Vos, Benjamin", "title": "Achilles as an Allegorical Anti-Adam in the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies", "date": "2021", "keywords": "achilles; adam; appion; christian; clement; death; eve; genesis; greek; homilies; homilistic; lust; peter; polyxena; pseudo; roman; simon; story; studies; truth", "summary": "Vos \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 60 (2020) 160\u2013182 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Achilles as an Allegorical Anti-Adam in the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies Benjamin De Vos n the Garden of Eden, the first couple Adam and Eve were troubled by the question whom they should believe, God or the serpent. In early Christian- ity, it was also the subject of various apocryphal texts like the Life of Adam and Eve or the Gnostic Apocalypse of Adam.2 1 On the reception of the story in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions see H. N. Wallace et al., \u201cAdam and Eve, Story of,\u201d in C. Furey et al. (eds.), Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception (Berlin 2009) 341\u2013364; J. D. G. Dunn, \u201cAdam,\u201d and M. Meiser, \u201cAdam and Eve,\u201d in D. G. Hunter et al. (eds.), Brill Encyclopedia of Early Christianity Online (2018), consulted 13 March 2020.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16471", "words": "10097", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Kurpios, Marcin", "title": "Reconstructing the Transmission of Phylarchus\u2019 Histories: Fr.53 and Polybius\u2019 Habit in Quoting", "date": "2020", "keywords": "bnj; clause; content; form; fragments; greek; histories; narrative; obliqua; oratio; phylarchus; polybius; quotation; quoting; references; reporting; speech; studies; text; words; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03af+aci", "summary": "For Phylarchus\u2019 fragments in Polybius Jacoby employed this three-stage explanatory tool rather moderately: apart from 2.62.2\u20139 (part of F 56) and 2.63.3 (part of F 58), which are printed in petit, no Phylarchan fragment from Polybius is marked with either of the different typescripts. 594\u2013620 anyone simply reading F 53 in Jacoby\u2019s format (or now that of BNJ), not to mention only the English translation in BNJ, it is hardly noticeable that Polybius shifts from a relatively faithful quotation to a redescriptive allusion.81 Second, I hope to have demonstrated that when we properly recognize the specific im- pact of Polybius as cover-text on his references, we are in a position to say with a high degree of probability where it does, and where it does not, imply misrepresentation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16474", "words": "11529", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Chrysanthou, Chrysanthos S.", "title": "Herodian and Cassius Dio: A Study of Herodian\u2019s Compositional Devices", "date": "2020", "keywords": "account; caracalla; cassius dio; commodus; death; dio; elagabalus; emperor; ereignis; greek; herodian; hidber; history; kaiser; macrinus; marcus; narrative; roman; scott; severus; studies; und; zimmermann; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The position and influence of imperial women over the principate in Herodian call for special note ___ \u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f10\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u1f75\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u1f73\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u1f77\u03b1\u03bd. Nor is this the only place where Herodian suppresses defamatory material about Severus, in order to foster a more positive reading of the em- peror.61 Herodian\u2019s omissions may also result in considerable differ- ences of interpretation concerning the motivation of individual actions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16477", "words": "3607", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Fries, Almut", "title": "A Planudean Edition of Pindar? The Evidence of Parisinus gr. 2403", "date": "2020", "keywords": "byzantine; cett; irigoin; paris; pindar; planudes; pythian; recension; recte", "summary": "The influence of Vi on the text of the \u2018Paris recension\u2019 Pythian 2 65 \u1f31\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u1f79\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd VsVi : \u1f31\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u1f79\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd V cett. recte 29 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u1f71\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9 VCN\u00d8 (+ L) : \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u1f71\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9 Vi cett.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16481", "words": "6489", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Adams, William H.", "title": "Eileos in the Internal Affections of Hippocrates", "date": "2020", "keywords": "526\u2013543; affections; disease; edema; failure; greek; hippocratic; kidney; milk; patient; retention; studies; \u03b5\u1f30\u03bb\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2", "summary": "This categorization would equate the prominent edema in the present cases, identified herein as due to kidney disease, with the blockage of transit and excretion of intestinal contents in intestinal ileus, the common mechanism of the two being prevention of their normal discharge.6 II. This textbook reviews the early discoveries of Dr. Richard Bright and others regarding kidney disease and its association with ascites and albuminuria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16498", "words": "9414", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Jesus, Carlos A. M.", "title": "A New Manuscript of the Septuagint and the First Two Editions of the Greek Bible", "date": "2020", "keywords": "718\u2013744; alcal\u00e1; aldine; books; chapter; codex; greek; madrid; manuscript; musurus; polyglot; septuagint; studies; text; use", "summary": "Recently, however, Hern\u00e1ndez Mu\u00f1oz has argued for a close relationship between MS. 442 and the Polyglot (and also the Aldine) in the editing of 3 Macc, noting that the Compluten- sian edition agrees, in many cases, with MS. 442pc, even if, in ___ Sources 7\u201310, and L. Gil Fern\u00e1ndez, \u201cA cuento del centenario del texto griego de la Pol\u00edglota Complutense,\u201d CFC(G) 25 (2015) 291\u2013300. 108 and 442 (the latter as an apograph of MS. 68), in Vol. II of the Polyglot.52 The question that still needs to be answered\u2014and which can finally begin to be explored\u2014is exactly how far MS.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16502", "words": "9304", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Wijk, Roy van", "title": "Risky Business: Xenophon\u2019s Picture of Thrasybulus in the Theban Embassy of 395 BCE", "date": "2021", "keywords": "1\u201325; alliance; assembly; athenian; athens; business; decision; democracy; empire; greek; pericles; risk; spartans; speech; studies; theban; thrasybulus; thucydides; war; xenophon", "summary": "383\u2013701. 12 Schepens, in Xenophon 213\u2013241, for the satire; Frances Pownall, Lessons from the Past: The Moral Use of History in Fourth-Century Prose (Ann Arbor 2004), for moralising tendencies in Xenophon and his willingness to omit parts of history that modern scholars would find essential, e.g. the formation of the Second Athenian League. Wijk \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 1\u201325 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Risky Business: Xenophon\u2019s Picture of Thrasybulus in the Theban Embassy of 395 BCE Roy van Wijk HE SPEECH given by an anonymous Theban ambas- sador before the Athenian Assembly in 395 BCE, as reported by Xenophon in his Hellenica (3.5.7\u201316), has sparked intense debate over the years.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16505", "words": "7651", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Bili\u0107, Tomislav", "title": "Pytheas and Hecataeus: Visions of the North in the Late Fourth Century B.C.", "date": "2020", "keywords": "account; arctic; bili\u0107; bnj; britain; geography; greek; hecataeus; hyperboreans; island; movement; north; pytheas; studies; sun; thule", "summary": "fr.61 Dicks, more than 19 hours (D. R. Dicks, Geographical Fragments of Hipparchus [London 1960] 190; Roseman, Pytheas 44\u201345); Plin. B. = T 5 R. (Dicks, Hipparchus 190; Roseman, Pytheas 44\u201345).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1651", "words": "11157", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Peek, Phillip S.", "title": "Propriety, Impropriety, and the Gaining of Kleos in the Phaiakian Episode", "date": "2003", "keywords": "alkino\u00f6s; athene; characters; epic; gaining; gifts; gods; homer; impropriety; odysseus; odyssey; penelope; phaiakians; return; suitors; supra; telemachos", "summary": "For this contention to be correct, however, Homer must create in his listeners the expectation that the Phaiakians, hyper-civilized though they be, are not inclined to give Odysseus gifts, especially since we have been told by Zeus that the Phaiakians will honor him like a god, return him home, and give him gifts (5.35\u201340). In the first (13.134\u2013138), Poseidon, addressing Zeus, is piqued because the Phaiakians have given Odysseus transport and gifts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16511", "words": "9712", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Mitrea, Mihail", "title": "Monasticism and Kinship in Byzantine Hesychastic Hagiography", "date": "2021", "keywords": "byzantine; family; greek; gregory; holy; kinship; kokkinos; life; man; mitrea; monastic; monasticism; palamas; parents; sabas; studies; talbot; thessalonike; ties; tsames; way; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "2. Family ties recast If a lay family could oppose one\u2019s decision to take monastic vows and even convince a monastic to give up the solitary way of life, this danger seems to have been reduced or absent in the case of family members who took monastic vows together. Unlike western (Latin) monasticism in the Middle Ages, Byzantine monastic life was not organized in separate orders (e.g. Franciscan, Dominican, Benedictine), but followed the Rule of St Basil of Caesarea.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16513", "words": "4258", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Cristini, Marco", "title": "Totila and the Lucanian Peasants: Procopius Goth. 3.22.20", "date": "2021", "keywords": "blessings; fields; good; goth; land; masters; peasants; procopius; roman; studies; tenants; totila; vand; \u03c4\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f70; \u1f14\u03c3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9", "summary": "\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u1fc4\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u00b5\u03ad\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u1f00\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f70 \u1f14\u03c3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u201cComing to his master, he praised him for his kindness and declared that on account of this God would bestow upon him many blessings.\u201d Goth. Cristini \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 73\u201384 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Totila and the Lucanian Peasants: Procopius Goth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16518", "words": "10290", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Domaradzki, Mikolaj", "title": "Plutarch\u2019s Fragment 157 and Epideictic", "date": "2021", "keywords": "account; allegoresis; domaradzki; example; festival; fr.157; fragment; goddess; gods; greek; hera; hymns; leto; marriage; menander; mikolaj; myth; plutarch; studies; zeus", "summary": "See also J. M. Dillon, \u201cPlutarch and Platonism,\u201d in Companion to Plutarch 61\u201372, at 61, and M. Domaradzki, \u201cMarrying Stoicism with Platonism? If Plutarch possessed ___ recently, J. M. Dillon, The Middle Platonists (Ithaca 1996) 184\u2013230, and in Companion to Plutarch 61\u201372.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16519", "words": "9612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Iglesias-Zoido, Juan Carlos", "title": "Christophoros Kondoleon\u2019s Model of Military Oratory and its Tradition", "date": "2021", "keywords": "85\u2013109; agamemnon; analysis; ekl; general; greek; homer; iglesias; kondoleon; model; oratory; passages; renaissance; rhetorical; speech; speeches; studies; tradition; works; zoido; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae", "summary": "The analysis of this section of Kondoleon\u2019s \u1f18\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae brings to the fore the existence of a rhetorical model of military speech which allows us to study the lens through which a sixteenth-century Greek erudite viewed the Homeric speeches as exhortative examples, thus highlight- ing the manner in which he read, selected, and reinterpreted certain epic passages with the rhetorical tradition in mind. Influenced by the Classical tradition, authors of all kinds wrote military speeches, in verse and in T 86 KONDOLEON\u2019S MODEL OF MILITARY ORATORY \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 85\u2013109 prose, about ancient and contemporary subjects.1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16523", "words": "3546", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Zellmann-Rohrer, Michael Wesley; Mart\u00ednez-Chico, David", "title": "A Sicilian Amulet in Madrid and its Tradition", "date": "2021", "keywords": "amulet; anguipede; figure; giannobile; greek; group; roman; sign; studies", "summary": "| \u00b5\u03b1 | \u00b5\u03c9 | \u03c9\u03bd | | \u03b7\u03b7\u03c9\u0323 | \u00b5\u03b1 | \u00b5\u03c9 | \u03c9\u03bd\u0323", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16526", "words": "8107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Haubold, Johannes", "title": "Impressive and Obscure: Three Christian Sources in Eustathius\u2019 Proem to a Commentary on Pindar", "date": "2021", "keywords": "basil; byzantine; christian; commentary; discussion; eustathius; greek; gregory; haubold; obscurity; passage; pindar; poetry; proem; sources; studies; style; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2; \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "31.2.5 (VI 204.19\u2013205.6 Usener/Radermacher): \u03b6\u03b7\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f40\u03bd\u03bf\u00b5\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u00b5\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f35\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u00b5\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u00b5\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f21\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c2\u0387 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03b5\u00b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u00b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u00b5\u03b1- \u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u00b5\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f20\u03b8\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 (\u201cPindar too is worthy of emulation on account of his language and thought, and his grand manner and forcefulness and the impressiveness of his poetic apparatus and his power, and for his bitterness tempered with pleasure, and his compactness and solemnity, and his maxims and vividness, and his novel formations and character portrayals and amplifications and emotional impact\u201d). However, these passages do not work equally well, and Eusta- thius acknowledges as much in the way he frames them: \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd\u2026; \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u1f79\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u2026; \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f02\u03bd \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c5\u00b5\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u1f71\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u2026 Note the progressively more detailed, and more guarded, nature of Eustathius\u2019 comments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16527", "words": "4893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Spelman, Henry", "title": "Of Armpits and the Origins of Comedy: Aristophanes fr. 264 and 265", "date": "2021", "keywords": "aristophanes; armpits; cambridge; chorus; comedy; danaids; food; fr.264; history; origins; pherecrates; spelman; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "If Aristopha- nes\u2019 comic chorus, adorned as elaborately as tragic forerunners, described the primitive costumes of older comic choruses, then fr.264 was making a deeply Aristophanic point about dramatic history: comedy was once something trivial and shabby, but it now stands on the same high level as its more prestigious generic older brother.13 Pherecrates fr.199 offers a strikingly similar description: \u1f41 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03c7\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03ac\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1fe5\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u00b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u00b5\u03b1, \u201ctheir chorus used to have dirty rugs and bed sacks.\u201d In keeping with the self-reflexive poetics of the parabasis, fr.265 was also probably concerned not with older poets generally but with older comic poets in particular.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16530", "words": "9536", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Gibson, Craig A.", "title": "New Testament Miracles in the Ethopoeiae of Nikephoros Basilakes", "date": "2021", "keywords": "basilakes; biblical; ethopoeia; future; greek; hades; jesus; john; man; mary; miracles; mother; past; present; studies; testament; zacharias; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "In the biblical story, Mary informs Jesus that the wedding has run out of wine and directs the servants to follow his instructions; Basilakes depicts her as not only informing Jesus of the situation but persuading him to reveal his power now and thereby honor her as his mother, the Theotokos. Similarly, Irenaeus says that Jesus was not ready to \u201cpartake of the cup, which would have so much emblematic 238 NEW TESTAMENT MIRACLES IN BASILAKES \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 224\u2013248 significance later on,\u201d and Augustine says that the \u201chour\u201d to which Jesus refers is the hour of his crucifixion.11 Basilakes\u2019 closest approach to a metaphorical interpretation of the wine is when his Mary asks the guests to \u201cdrink deeply of the wine; drink even more deeply of the miracle\u201d (\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b1\u03cd\u00b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, 8.4) and \u201cdrink of this new wine, but before that, drink of faith\u201d (\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, 8.5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16531", "words": "5774", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Faraone, Christopher A.", "title": "Four Missing Persons, a Misunderstood Mummy, and Further Adventures in Greek Magical Texts", "date": "2021", "keywords": "amulet; curse; drawing; faraone; figure; gem; goddess; greek; names; recipe; roman; studies; sword; text", "summary": "After a series of magical names we read \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c5\u00b5\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 (\u201cRestrain the angry outbursts of \u03a4aso!\u201d).4 On the ob- 3 Many thanks to Jaime Curbera, who in an e-mail notes that this is the genitive of the masculine name \u0395\u1f50\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, which is \u201cusually documented in the Doric form. The first eight lines are in Greek and invoke a series of magical names, 16 See C. A. Faraone and J. Rife, \u201cA Greek Curse against a Thief from the North Cemetery at Roman Kenchreai,\u201d ZPE 160 (2007) 141\u2013157, with many additional parallels.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16537", "words": "3610", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Villa, Eugenio", "title": "A Note on Digenis Akritas G 5.242 and Z 6.1813", "date": "2021", "keywords": "akritas; byzantine; digenis; line; trapp; version; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "This paper aims to reject one of these, namely his proposal to insert Z 6.1813 after G 5.241 and to relocate G 5.242 after G 5.244. I will do so by showing that G 5.242 and Z 6.1813 derive from the same line in the common ancestor \u03b3 and that, between the two, the former probably retains the text of \u03b3, while the latter innovates on it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16538", "words": "10616", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kruse, Marion", "title": "Xiphilinos\u2019 Agency in the Epitome of Cassius Dio", "date": "2021", "keywords": "account; agency; battle; byzantine; caesar; carrhae; cassius; cassius dio; century; crassus; dio; eleventh; epitome; history; kruse; michael; narrative; pompey; republic; roman; studies; text; vii; war; xiphilinos; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Xiphilinos reshapes Dio\u2019s account through exclusion, re- ordering, and active intervention. For Caesar, these failings are implied to be part of his character, but for Pompey Xiphilinos is explicit that they represent a change, reinforcing the impli- cation of his narrative of Pompey\u2019s arrival at Brundisium.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16540", "words": "8381", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Fries, Almut", "title": "The Mountain in Labour: A Possible Graeco-Anatolian Myth", "date": "2021", "keywords": "423\u2013445; birth; cth; fable; god; greek; hittite; kumarbi; labour; mountain; mouse; myth; proverb; song; storm; studies", "summary": "But otherwise we would still have to assume that the inventor of the fable and/or the proverb of the mountain and the mouse was familiar with a narrative like that of W\u0101\u0161itta because the motif of the \u2018mountain in labour\u2019 is alien to Greek myth (cf. 437 above). Of mice and mountains in Greek Lucian in his satirical essay \u03a0\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u1f77\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u1f71\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd (How to Write History) uses the proverb in a context that is similar to Horace\u2019s (23): \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u00b5\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f34\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u1f77\u00b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u00b5\u03c0\u03c1\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u00b5\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u1f71\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u1f77\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1\u03c5\u00b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f21\u03bb\u1f77\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u1f71\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u1ff6\u00b5\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u1f77\u03b1\u03c2 \u00b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u1f79\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u1f72\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u1f79\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u2026 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b8\u1f73\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16544", "words": "3635", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Horn, Fabian", "title": "\u201cOn a Razor\u2019s Edge\u201d (Il. 10.173): Iliadic Images of Imbalance and Uncertainty", "date": "2021", "keywords": "edge; greek; image; metaphor; razor; scales; \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76", "summary": "What motivates the metaphor of the scales of Zeus, or the metaphor of the razor used by Nestor in Iliad 10?\u201d 7 For the general theory of conceptual metaphors see the seminal works G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, Metaphors We Live By (Amsterdam 1980); G. Lakoff and M. Turner, More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor (Chicago 1989); and G. Lakoff, \u201cThe Contemporary Theory of Metaphor,\u201d in A. Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought 2 (Cambridge 1993) 202\u2013251. I use the convention of cognitive linguistics to print conceptual metaphors (as opposed to linguistic, or textual, metaphors) in small capitals in order to indicate that they do not appear as such in texts but are deduced from individual textual metaphors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16547", "words": "11065", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Ge, Tianqin", "title": "How Does Syrianus Conceive of Aristotle\u2019s Theory of the Unmoved Mover: Polemical or Reconciliatory?", "date": "2021", "keywords": "315\u2013343; ammonius; aristotle; attitude; causality; cause; commentary; metaph; metaphysics; mover; passage; reconciliatory; studies; syrianus; things; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "54.12\u201313; C. Luna, Trois \u00e9tudes sur la tradition des com- mentaires anciens \u00e0 la M\u00e9taphysique d\u2019Aristote (Leiden 2001) 72\u201398; D. O\u2019Meara and J. M. Dillon, Syrianus: On Aristotle Metaphysics 3\u20134 (London 2008) 8\u20139; C. D\u2019Ancona Costa, \u201cCommenting on Aristotle: From Late Antiquity to the Arab Aristotelianism,\u201d in W. Geerlings et al. (eds.), Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter: Beitr\u00e4ge zu seiner Erforschung (Leiden 2002) 201\u2013251, at 207\u2013 212. 1 See e.g. J. M. Dillon and D. O\u2019Meara, Syrianus: On Aristotle Metaphysics 13\u201314 (London 2006)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16553", "words": "7547", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Bardi, Juan Bautista", "title": "Escaping the Polis: A Legal Interpretation of Aristippus\u2019 Philosophy", "date": "2021", "keywords": "aristippus; athenian; athens; citizenship; cyrenaic; diog; foreigner; greek; laert; law; life; polis; proposal; socrates; ssr; studies; xenophon", "summary": "Therefore, while under Athenian eyes Aristippus\u2019 xenos would be considered a non-resident foreigner, this category alone is insufficient to explain his proposal. Bardi \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 475\u2013495 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Escaping the Polis: A Legal Interpretation of Aristippus\u2019 Philosophy Juan Bautista Bardi OOK 2 of Xenophon\u2019s Memorabilia starts by describing a conversation held between Socrates and one of his most controversial disciples: Aristippus of Cyrene.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16557", "words": "12002", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Meeusen, Michiel; Oikonomopoulou, Katerina; Silvano, Luigi", "title": "The Prefaces to Pseudo-Alexander of Aphrodisias\u2019 Medical Puzzles and Natural Problems Books 1 and 2: Greek Text, Translation, and Interpretation.", "date": "2021", "keywords": "aristotle; author; body; galen; greek; medicine; meeusen; naturalist; oikonomopoulou; praef; preface; problemata; problems; puzzles; science; second; silvano; soul; studies; \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd; \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "Both prefaces contain vivid natural imagery, appealing to the reader\u2019s senses: the first preface\u2019s abundant examples (\u00a7\u00a72\u20135, 8\u201310) invite the reader to imagine the colours, shapes, sounds, tastes, and textures of the animals, plants, or inanimate objects that are found in nature, towards understanding what natural philosophy and medicine can contribute to their investigation; in the second preface too, the striking images of the sun\u2019s ray that immerses itself in water and of the sun\u2019s brilliance that is hidden behind a cloud (\u00a74) exploit the reader\u2019s visual faculty in order to make a philosophical point about the soul\u2019s purity (and, by analogy, about medicine\u2019s \u2018purity\u2019 as a science). This point is illustrated through the use of an elaborate analogy with the sun\u2019s ray passing through water (according to which the water\u2019s blurriness or clarity affects the ray\u2019s visibility, but does not change its essence): in just the same way, the soul\u2019s essence is thought to remain unaffected by matter (the body), and, similarly, medicine retains its credentials as a science, even if these credentials can be \u201cblurred\u201d by its preoccupation with matter (\u00a7\u00a74\u20135).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16558", "words": "8930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Wu, Gang", "title": "How Did Byzantines Weave? A Synthesis of Textual, Pictorial, Ethnographic, and Archaeological Evidence", "date": "2021", "keywords": "368\u2013395; beater; berber; byzantine; evidence; fig; loom; pin; practice; roman; silk; studies; textiles; thebes; use; vertical; warp; weave; weaving; weft", "summary": "Since no specification is provided by the context, we may assume that he was describing a general feature of Byzantine weaving. A Homeric pin beater was generally stick-like or pointed at one end or both, although this could have varied depending on the specific task to be performed.18 From Psellos and Tzetzes\u2019 texts we do not clearly know the functions of the pin beater, but it appears that this accessory tool of the Homeric warp-weighted loom had persisted into Byzantine weaving.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16560", "words": "4247", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Kaczy\u0144ska, Elwira", "title": "Reflections on a Cretan Gloss Denoting a Salt Source", "date": "2022", "keywords": "anatolian; cretan; gloss; greek; hittite; river; salt; source; studies; \u03b1\u03bb\u00b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2", "summary": "\u0391\u03bb\u00b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2/\u0391\u03c1\u00b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, salt springs and marshes located ca. \u0391\u03bb\u00b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2/\u0391\u03c1\u00b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, salt springs and marshes located ca.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16563", "words": "9842", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kuhn-Treichel, Thomas", "title": "Between Philosophy and Heroism: Gregory of Nazianzus on his Suffering in the Letters and Poems", "date": "2021", "keywords": "carm; case; genre; greek; gregory; heroes; heroism; homeric; kuhn; letters; model; nazianzus; philosophy; poems; self; storin; studies; suffering; treichel; way; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70; \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb", "summary": "La tentata lapidazione nella Pasqua del 379,\u201d Cassio- dorus 4 (1998) 211\u2013223; A. Hofer, \u201cThe Stoning of Christ and Gregory of Nazianzus,\u201d in C. A. Beeley (ed.), Re-Reading Gregory of Nazianzus: Essays on History, Theology and Culture (Washington 2012) 143\u2013158. KuhnTr \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 287\u2013314 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Between Philosophy and Heroism: Gregory of Nazianzus on his Suffering in the Letters and Poems Thomas Kuhn-Treichel REGORY OF NAZIANZUS, judging from his writings, must have been a man who suffered a lot.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16572", "words": "8475", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kucharski, Janek", "title": "Hyperides and Aristophon: An Uneasy History", "date": "2021", "keywords": "aristophon; case; dem; eisangelia; euxenippus; graphe; greek; hansen; history; hunziker; hyperides; paranomon; prosecution; scholiast; scholion; studies; trial; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u1f79\u00b5\u03c9\u03bd", "summary": "But it also raises a non-negligible objection: if indeed Hyperides prosecuted Aristophon twice, why would he choose to impress the jurors with a defeat, albeit a close one, and not with the case in which he was victorious?6 Hansen\u2019s implicit answer to this question (as he never raises it explicitly) is that in the speech for Euxenippus Hyperides\u2019 objective is to discuss \u201cthe right use of the eisangelia\u201d (Eisangelia 99), which in turn mandates that all the examples he produces\u2014Aristophon, Diopeithes, and Philocrates\u2014belong to this type of trial, even though only the last of them is explicitly identified as such. Kucharski \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 263\u2013286 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Hyperides and Aristophon: An Uneasy History Janek Kucharski RISTOPHON OF AZENIA is a figure familiar to most classicists for three reasons: the re-enactment of Peri- cles\u2019 citizenship law (403 B.C.), his biblical longevity (ca. 430\u2013330),1 and the anecdote about his seventy-five acquittals in trials for an unlawful decree (graphe paranomon).2 In this last accomplishment his only nemesis appears to have been the orator Hyperides, the single litigant ever mentioned in the sources to have secured Aristophon\u2019s conviction by way of such prosecution.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16585", "words": "5614", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Taida, Ichiro", "title": "\u03b5\u03c5 or \u03b5\u03bf\u03c5 in the Homeric Hymn to Pan", "date": "2022", "keywords": "century; date; greek; herm; homeric; hymns; pan; studies; west; \u03b5\u03bf\u03c5", "summary": "While in Homer the present participle of \u03b5\u1f30\u00b5\u03af is \u1f10\u03ce\u03bd (\u1f10o\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1, \u1f10\u03cc\u03bd), the poet of Pan used the Atticism \u1f62\u03bd at line 32.30 While \u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b1 is used in Homer,31 the poet of Pan used \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 at 40.32 In Homer, 28 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 62 (2022) 132\u2013147 numbers indicate that Pan was composed later.36 From a study of the presence or absence of digamma, Allen and Sikes con- cluded that \u201cH. Pan cannot belong to an early epic date.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16589", "words": "6456", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Nassar, Mohammad; al-Bashaireh, Khaled; Shalabi, Muhammad", "title": "The Mosaic Designs of the Kufer-Jayez Church, Jordan", "date": "2021", "keywords": "byzantine; church; colors; fig; figure; greek; jayez; jordan; kufer; mosaics; motif; nassar; studies", "summary": "Two examples are at Madaba: in the nave of the Cathedral-Baptistery Chapel, scenes of daily life include ducks and other birds, the colors grey, black, dark red, and yellow;66 and the four-trees panel of 60 R. Hachlili, \u201cOn the Mosaicists of the \u2018School of Gaza\u2019,\u201d Eretz Israel 19 (1987) 46, 49, 51, 53, and Ancient Mosaic Pavements fig. AL-BASHAIREH, M. SHALABI 559 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 551\u2013579 Figure 14: Fan motif, Kufer-Jayez 6th cent.); there the fan motif consists of ten blades colored in black, light and dark red, and yellow.15 Another such motif is found in the nave of Basilica A at Chersonisos, Crete (late 5th/ early 6th cent.).16 Shield of squares motif This motif consists of 80 squares, in contrasting colors like a checkerboard, distributed in four concentric circles; the colors are dark red, black, and yellow ( fig.15).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16591", "words": "8743", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Cole, Juan", "title": "Dyed in Virtue: The Qur\u2019\u0101n and Plato\u2019s Republic", "date": "2021", "keywords": "abraham; arabic; aramaic; christian; cole; divine; dye; god; greek; juan; logos; plato; qur\u2019\u0101n; roman; studies; things; virtue; word", "summary": "al-bay\u0101n \u1ffean taw\u012bl \u0101y al-Qur\u2019\u0101n, ed. Cole \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021) 580\u2013604 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Dyed in Virtue: The Qur\u2019\u0101n and Plato\u2019s Republic Juan Cole HE QUR\u2019\u0100N\u2019S CHAPTER \u201cThe Cow\u201d contains a verse (2:138) having to do with believers being dyed with the dye of God, which has occasioned speculation both among Muslim exegetes and academic scholars.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16597", "words": "7790", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Rendina, Simone", "title": "Pyrrhus\u2019 Cold Wars (Plutarch Pyrrhus 12)", "date": "2022", "keywords": "ambition; demetrius; greek; hieronymus; life; lysimachus; l\u00e9v\u00eaque; passage; peace; plutarch; polybius; pyrrhus; studies; thucydides; war; wars; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1", "summary": "However, as Plutarch declared in the introduction to the Life of Nicias, he had no intention to measure himself against Thucydides\u2019 skills (Nic. 1), so he may have intentionally avoided discussing Thu- cydides\u2019 interpretation of the Peace of Nicias.36 Plutarch admired Thucydides\u2019 historiographical vision and literary style too much to tackle it critically. For the restless ambition of Pyrrhus according to Plutarch see P. Toohey, \u201cPlutarch, Pyrrh.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16600", "words": "6700", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Lenfant, Dominique", "title": "Eunuchs as Guardians of Women in Achaemenid Persia: Orientalism and Back Projection in Modern Scholarship", "date": "2021", "keywords": "bed; concubines; ctesias; eunuchs; greek; guardians; harem; king; lenfant; les; persian; studies; wives; women", "summary": "Since our sources on eunuchs in the Persian Empire are almost exclusively classical,3 the question to which we may 1 E. D. Hunt, \u201cEunuchs,\u201d OCD3 (1996) 569, unchanged in the 4th on-line- edition of 2012. More recently, as already seen, Llewellyn-Jones, in Eunuchs in Antiquity 34, although not especially critical of classical sources (and thus writing from a different perspective than did Sancisi-Weerdenburg), invoked the connection between women and eunuchs \u201cfound in the ancient sources.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16601", "words": "11144", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Vuj\u010di\u0107, Nemanja", "title": "The City of Pelion and the Illyrian War of Alexander", "date": "2021", "keywords": "alexander; anab; army; arrian; campaign; city; cleitus; dardani; greek; hammond; history; illyrians; king; kingdom; lake; macedonia; nemanja; pelion; prespa; river; south; studies; war", "summary": "B.C. papyrus: W. Clarysse and G. Schepens, \u201cA Ptolemaic Fragment of an Alexander History,\u201d Chr\u00c9g 60 (1985) 30\u201347; except for one important de- tail, discussed below, this badly damaged text is of limited use as a historical source. After making the necessary arrangements concerning the subjugated peoples, Alexander began the homeward march, at which point the 1 \u1f05\u00b5\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f26\u03c1\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u0398\u03c1\u1fb4\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, \u1f10\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f38\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u1f38\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16603", "words": "1626", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Cadili, Luca", "title": "The Second Strophe of Philodamus of Scarphea\u2019s Paean to Dionysus: A Further Note", "date": "2022", "keywords": "dionysus; line; paean; philodamus; word", "summary": "On the one hand, in Greek tragic poetry \u039a\u1f71\u03b4\u00b5\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b8\u1f7d\u03bd, the periphrasis indicating Thebes, is never com- pleted with an adjective;9 on the other hand, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u1f75\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 is never attested in extant Greek tragic poetry, being instead quite frequent in Homer and early epic poems, and not wholly unknown also to lyric poets.10 Philodamus would thus have grafted a non-tragic word into a typically tragic wording. In line 10 (verses 16\u201317) the noun \u0395\u1f54\u03b2\u03bf]\u03b9\u03b1 is sided by an adjective (\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u1f77\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2), and in lines 12\u201313 \u201cthe country of the Delphians\u201d ([\u0394\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u1ff6]\u03bd \u03c7\u1f7d\u03c1\u03b1) is said to be \u201choly\u201d and \u201cblessed\u201d (\u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u1f70 \u00b5\u1f71\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1) \u201camid the loud-resounding hymns\u201d 5 E. Diehl, Anthologia Lyrica Graeca II.6", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16604", "words": "8792", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Bagnall, Roger; Caputo, Clementina", "title": "The Great Oasis in the Later Fourth Century", "date": "2021", "keywords": "bagnall; byzantine; caputo; century; dakhla; egypt; greek; kharga; kharga oasis; north; oasis; period; roman; studies; tax", "summary": "Ceramic ma- terials seem to be more varied, in terms of Egyptian and local productions, as well as a few imports from the eastern Mediterranean, see Douch III; B. Gehad, M. Wuttmann, H. Whitehouse, M. Foad, and S. Marchand, \u201cWall- Paintings in a Roman House of Ancient Kysis, Kharga Oasis,\u201d BIFAO 113 (2013) 157\u2013182. 75 A. Fakhry, The Necropolis of El-Bagawat in Kharga Oasis (Cairo 1951); G. E. Bowen, \u201cThe Church of Deir Abu Metta and a Christian Cemetery in Dakhleh Oasis: A Brief Report,\u201d Bull.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1661", "words": "12073", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Slater, William J.", "title": "Split-vision: Secondary Action in Greek Tragedy", "date": "2003", "keywords": "action; audience; character; chorus; electra; euripides; greek; menelaus; orestes; performance; play; silence; slater; split; stage; supra; text; tragedy; vision", "summary": "Normally this doubling of stage action would be avoided, since it may result in lack of audience concentration and become an 26 Prof. C. M. Marshall asks why e.g. Pylades in Electra would not be just as intriguing. Here there is plenty of room for telling stage action.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16610", "words": "10828", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Monte, Anna", "title": "Medical Recipes for All Occasions: A receptarium from Tebtunis? (P.CtYBR inv. 1443)", "date": "2022", "keywords": "archigenes; byzantine; comp.med.sec.loc; gal; greek; hand; hanson; library; line; monte; occasions; papyri; papyrus; recipes; studies; use; xii; xxviii; \u0323 \u0323; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "On Greek medical recipes and recep- taria see M.-H. Marganne, \u201c\u00c9tiquettes de medicaments, listes de drogues, prescriptions et r\u00e9ceptaires dans l\u2019\u00c9gypte gr\u00e9co-romaine et byzantine,\u201d in F. Collard et al. (eds.), Pharmacopoles et apothicaires. to line 3. \u0323 \u0323[ \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 ] \u0323 [ \u0323 ] \u1f41\u0323\u00b5\u03bf\u1fe6: the adverb \u1f41\u0323\u00b5\u03bf\u1fe6 is usually accompanied, in medical recipes, by the participle or the imperative of verbs such as \u03bb\u03b5\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03c9, \u00b5\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bd\u03c5\u00b5\u03b9, \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03c9, or \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9 (cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16611", "words": "6660", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Fern\u00e1ndez, Tom\u00e1s; Maksimczuk, Jos\u00e9", "title": "Duplicated Excerpts in Byzantine Anthologies: A Typological Study", "date": "2022", "keywords": "113; anthologies; anthology; coisl; excerpts; flor; greek; laura; maksimczuk; max; par; source; studies; text", "summary": "The compiler of Cat. Rom. employed qu. I.27 to comment on Rom 12:20, which quotes Prov 25:21\u201322. The citation of qu. I.27 in the Cat. Rom. was first pointed out by Declerck, Quaestiones et dubia CCI.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16632", "words": "7525", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "De Martin, Sara", "title": "Theognidean Misconduct: Representing the (Un)traditional in Pherecrates\u2019 Chiron", "date": "2022", "keywords": "century; comedy; ethics; fr.162; fragment; greek; host; lines; martin; paraenetic; pherecr; pherecrates; poetry; studies; theognidean; theognis; thgn", "summary": "The audience may recognise them as an instance of old-style paraenesis and as an expression of traditional sympotic ethics; in this case, they will understand the scene as thematising the current neglect of traditional morals and the misuse of the texts that typically voice them. This interplay of literal repetition and ethical subversion is taken to the next level in the rest of the fragment, where traditional sympotic ethics (instantiated, at 11\u201312, in \u03b5\u1f54\u03ba\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd (\u201cthen confidently take [the lyre] to the rich banquet\u201d).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16636", "words": "10707", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Johstono, Paul; Taylor, Michael J.", "title": "Reconstructing the Battle of Pydna", "date": "2022", "keywords": "aem; agios; army; battle; camp; cavalry; greek; infantry; livy; macedonian; paullus; perseus; phalanx; plut; plutarch; pydna; roman; studies; taylor", "summary": "Hellenistic tactical manuals described two ways for phalanxes to cover their flanks and rear, the oblong plaision and squared plinthion.50 However, in the manuals and in 46 While most of this essay has focused on topographical and tactical aspects of the battle, the methodology associated with J. Keegan, Face of Battle (London 1976), remains a landmark study for appreciating the psy- chological and physical variables of frontline combat, and how they impact the overall outcome of battles; for the dynamics of Roman battle see P. Sabin, \u201cThe Roman Face of Battle,\u201d JRS 90 (2000) 1\u201317, although note that the hour-long combat at Pydna represent a brisk battle by Roman standards. 47 Livy reports less than 100 killed, mostly among the Paeligni.43 The lopsided casualty ratios were typical for Roman battle, where most of the casualties were suffered by the defeated side massacred in the pursuit, while few men were killed on either side during the pitched battle so long as they were able to maintain formations that maximized the protec- 41 Erdkamp, Mnemosyne 59 (2006) 545; P. Brunt, Italian Manpower (Oxford 1971) 643, was generally skeptical of casualty reports in Roman sources.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16640", "words": "6133", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Gal\u00e1n Vioque, Guillermo", "title": "Marcus Musurus and Pindar", "date": "2022", "keywords": "edition; ferreri; greek; irigoin; kallierges; library; manuscript; musurus; pindar; scholia; scholium; studies; \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70; \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd", "summary": "AP 6.101.1 (Va, f. \u0397\u0397viv\u037e We, p.571; in Va Musurus added \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u1f77\u03bd\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u2026 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c1\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 at a later date); 7.702.5 (Xe, f. On the Vatican family of Pindar manuscripts see Turyn 14\u201315; Irigoin 108\u2013115, and on Planudes\u2019 edition, 247\u2013286.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16643", "words": "5905", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Morassi, Davide", "title": "War Mandates in the Peloponnesian War: The Agency of Athenian strategoi", "date": "2022", "keywords": "athenian; demosthenes; ecclesia; greek; hamel; instructions; mandates; strategoi; studies; thuc; war", "summary": "Consequently, we should be wary of undervaluing the power and independence of Athenian strategoi, even under a radical democracy. Demosthenes disagreed with Nicias, confirming that Nicias\u2019 actions did not necessarily represent what a strategos was expected to do, but a strategos\u2019 personal choice, which was open for debate.27 Thus, there is reason to think that strategoi could exercise some agency and independence within the limits of their mandate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16644", "words": "7656", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Mayo, Andrew C.", "title": "Herophilus and Common Opinions", "date": "2022", "keywords": "aristotle; galen; greek; herophilus; knidian; menstruation; opinions; reference; staden; studies; title; von; work; \u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2; \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2; \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2", "summary": "From the puzzling Hippocratic use of both \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 and \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, Herophilus seems to have derived an epistemological distinction between types of prognosis, namely that \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 refers to reliably accurate prognosis while \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 refers to a more approximate, less reliably accurate kind of prognosis.38 37 W. D. Smith, The Hippocratic Tradition (Ithaca 1979) 191\u2013193, argues that there was no such work of Herophilus \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd \u1f39\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf- \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 and that Galen was inflating some of Herophilus\u2019 remarks on common opinions into a full-blown polemic. In this paper, I maintain that the same holds for Herophilus\u2019 work and that the title does not mean \u201cagainst common opinions,\u201d but rather \u201cregarding common opinions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16690", "words": "7319", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Favi, Federico", "title": "A Contribution to the Study of P.Oxy. 1803 (Atticist Lexicon)", "date": "2023", "keywords": "atticist; byzantine; canon; century; compiler; entry; evidence; fol; form; greek; language; lexicography; lexicon; menander; p.oxy; papyri; studies; use; xenophon; \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "See E. G. Csapo, Actors and Icons of the Ancient Theatre (Chichester 2010) 140\u2013167; and Nervegna, Menander in Antiquity 136\u2013169 and 264. 314 P.OXY 1803 (ATTICIST LEXICON) \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 62 (2022) 309\u2013327 from the comedies of Menander is considered in the context of linguistic education shows that in the sixth century, when the papyrus was copied, his plays were famous and he was well regarded at least by some who aspired to good Attic.18 I will now take a closer look at the ways in which Menander is used in our lexicon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16695", "words": "6936", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Dzurillov\u00e1, Zuzana; Kulh\u00e1nkov\u00e1, Mark\u00e9ta", "title": "The Historical Present in the Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions of Digenis Akritis: A Narratological Insight", "date": "2023", "keywords": "akritis; byzantine; digenis; discourse; greek; hps; literature; mimetic; narrative; past; present; studies; tense; use; version; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "\u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f34\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u00b5\u03b1, \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bf\u1fd6\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u1fe6\u00b5\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b3\u1fc6\u03c2, <\u2019\u03c2> \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f25\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c9\u03bd. \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u1f10\u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03b2\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u00b5\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f65\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u00b5\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u00b5\u03c0\u1fc6\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd 75 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f65\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f24\u03bb\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b7\u1f55\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f11\u03c1\u00b5\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c1\u03c5\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16699", "words": "7712", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Terceiro Sanmart\u00edn, Nerea", "title": "The Dramatic Date of Plato\u2019s Timaeus-Critias", "date": "2022", "keywords": "182\u2013202; critias; date; day; festivals; kallynteria; nails; plato; plynteria; proto; republic; studies; timaeus", "summary": "He notes that Plato chooses the Greater Panathenaia as the dramatic setting for the Timaeus, but with regard to the chronol- ogy of the dramatic setting he adds that \u201cthe date is of no im- portance.\u201d2 Even with these shortcomings, Lampert and Planeaux\u2019s argu- ments might be acceptable if Plato had not provided other clues to ascertain the dramatic date of the Timaeus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1671", "words": "6614", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Anson, Edward", "title": "The Dating of Perdiccas' Death and the Assembly at Triparadeisus", "date": "2003", "keywords": "alexander; antipater; babylon; bosworth; chronology; death; diodorus; egypt; king; perdiccas; philip; saros; supra; triparadeisus; year", "summary": "While the Solar Saros typically lists regnal years without reference to royal names (except in the case of An- tigonus, where an equivalent of an, suggesting Antigonus, appears after a 3, and se, Seleucus, after a 7), these unnamed years correspond to the names and regnal years found in other chronological texts (Aaboe et al. Neither the Saros Canon nor the Uruk King List records regnal years for Alexander IV.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16710", "words": "10740", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Shedd, Martin P.", "title": "The Mask of Compilation: Authorial Interventions in Anonymous Cyzicenus", "date": "2022", "keywords": "bishops; caesarea; christ; constantine; council; cyzicenus; emperor; eusebius; gelasius; god; greek; history; nicaea; passages; proem; shedd; sources; studies; text; theodoret; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Although the anonymous author from Cyzicus (hereafter Cyzicenus) is assuredly not the most careful of scholars, the simplistic appear- ance of an unoriginal copyist is an adopted persona, designed to convince the reader of the authenticity of his documentary 1 The most recent critical edition is G. C. Hansen, Anonyme Kirchengeschichte (Berlin 2002). Socrates\u2019 Ecclesiastical History and the Life of Metrophanes and Alexander agree that the presbyter himself lobbied on Arius\u2019 be- half, without direct support.44 Cyzicenus relates a double layer of petitioning in his narrative: first, the presbyter on behalf of the pro-Arian bishops Eusebius and Theognis, and then the bishops on behalf of Arius himself.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16772", "words": "11091", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Agocs, Peter Andras", "title": "Message-Stick of the Muses: Lyric Epistolarity and Textuality in Pindar and Bacchylides", "date": "2022", "keywords": "aineas; epinician; greek; hieron; isth; lyric; message; motif; muses; nem; ode; odes; performance; pindar; poetry; pyth; sending; song; speaker; stick; studies; text; utterance; victory; voice", "summary": "The epinicians are Pindar Ol. 6, Ol. 7, Pyth. Agocs \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 62 (2022) 385\u2013416 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Message-Stick of the Muses: Lyric Epistolarity and Textuality in Pindar and Bacchylides Peter Ag\u00f3cs T HAS LONG BEEN RECOGNIZED that certain epinicians and skolion-fragments of Pindar and Bacchylides exploit a mise- en-sc\u00e8ne that defines the song as something \u201csent.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16785", "words": "4412", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Gullo, Arianna", "title": "The Artistic Object as \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c2 and the Formula \u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd in Late Antique Epigrams for Public Monuments", "date": "2023", "keywords": "anth.pal; antique; epigrams; formula; greek; studies; witness; witnesses; \u00b5\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2; \u00b5\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c2; \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b9; \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd", "summary": "222.4 = Gow-Page, GP XV 2627, the statue of Nemesis at Rhamnous bears witness to Attica of victory and of art; in Crin. 9.283.3 = GP XXVI 1919 = 26.3 Ypsilanti, mountains and rivers are depicted as witnesses of Germanicus\u2019 victories over the Celts; in another epigram by Crinagoras, Anth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1681", "words": "2057", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Jacobson, Howard", "title": "Ezekiel's Exagoge, One Play or Four?", "date": "2003", "keywords": "ezekiel; kohn; play; polyhistor", "summary": "One further point here: the question of Ezekiel using a non-satyric play in fourth place on the basis of his general familiarity with Euripidean plays is not so simple. But we do know of plays with names like \u02dcplvn kr\u00a4siw , N\u00b0mea, \u00eeyla, n\u00a4ptra , cuxostas\u00a4a. 5", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16816", "words": "6326", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Clark, James T.", "title": "Euripides\u2019 Phoenissae and Summoned Entrances in Greek Tragedy", "date": "2023", "keywords": "antigone; entrances; euripides; greek; house; jocasta; palace; phoenissae; skene; studies; summons", "summary": "In the second part of this paper, I make some suggestions for the effect this pattern of summoned entrances in Phoenissae might have, but first there are two other matters that deserve attention. While the direct summons itself (1264) has not been suspected, some editors delete the extended address at 1265\u20131269, which is presumably delivered to Antigone before she has emerged from the palace.30 But if they are genuine, these lines fit well thematically with the play: because Antigone\u2019s maidenly pro- priety has already been stressed (92\u201395), for Jocasta to state now that the time has come for her to leave \u201cmaidenly pursuits\u201d (1265) is particularly appropriate.31 And if Antigone\u2019s entrance were delayed until after line 1269, this would fit the pattern established for summoned entrances elsewhere in the play.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16826", "words": "9654", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Friesen, Courtney J. P.", "title": "Efficacious Entertainment: The Baptism of Genesius the Mime and the Performance of Conversion", "date": "2023", "keywords": "augustine; baptism; century; christian; church; conversion; efficacy; entertainment; friesen; genesius; greek; mime; passion; performance; power; ritual; roman; stage; studies; tertullian; theater; water; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Taking the Passion of St. Genesius as a point of departure, I explore the rite of Christian baptism as mimetic drama. Christian baptism and the renunciation of theater The Passion of St. Genesius also reflects the animosity that some Christians felt toward Greco-Roman spectacles.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16837", "words": "13815", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Cook, Brad L", "title": "Philip V and Lysimacheia: An Oath in Gold", "date": "2022", "keywords": "alliance; athenian; athens; b.c; bronze; century; cook; dion; esp; gold; gold tablet; greek; iii; inscriptions; letters; line; lysimacheia; oath; philip; philip v; right; robinson; stone; strokes; studies; tablet; text; university; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "On the important topic of modern forgeries of Greek inscriptions, 208 PHILIP V AND LYSIMACHEIA: AN OATH IN GOLD \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 62 (2022) Of forged Greek inscriptions on stone, or only on paper, and the notorious case of Stavros Mertzidis (1858\u2013 ca. 1930), see L Robert, \u201cHellenica,\u201d RPhil 13 (1939) 97\u2013217, esp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16848", "words": "7574", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Roussou, Stephanie", "title": "\u039b\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1fe5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd in Barocci 50 and Burney 124: On Greek Lexicographical Sources and the Suda", "date": "2023", "keywords": "124; barocci; burney; cursive; entry; fol; gloss; greek; latin; lemma; loanwords; s.v; source; studies; suda; \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2; \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1", "summary": "14 See Dickey, Latin Loanwords s.v. \u03b4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03bd 19 See Dickey, Latin Loanwords s.v. \u03ba\u03bf\u00b5\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u00b5\u03b9\u03c3(\u03c3)\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, with further bibli- ography; cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16852", "words": "8367", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "DeVore, David J; Kennedy, Scott", "title": "Eusebius' Knowledge of Thucydides", "date": "2023", "keywords": "africanus; athenian; book; chronicle; david; devore; eusebius; events; floruit; greek; history; kennedy; knowledge; narrative; peloponnesian; plague; roman; studies; theophany; thucydides; war", "summary": "Andrew Car- riker, for example, only grudgingly acknowledged that during his study of Greek rhetoric Eusebius must have become acquainted with the classical historians: \u201cOne expects that Eusebius had read at least portions of the histories of Herod- otus and Thucydides, though he may admittedly have done so only early in his life and he may never have returned to them. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 63 (2023) 27\u201350 German translation), and George Syncellus\u2019 early ninth-cen- tury Chronicle (a witness to Eusebius).38 TABLE I Jerome Eusebius (Armenian) Syncellus Initium belli Peloponnesiaci.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16853", "words": "9202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "van der Wiel, Laurens", "title": "A Proposal for Restructuring Plutarch\u2019s Regum et imperatorum apophthegmata", "date": "2023", "keywords": "1\u201326; apophthegmata; apophthegms; artaxerxes; caesar; cases; collection; cyrus; editions; greek; iii; maior; moralia; nachst\u00e4dt; plutarch; regum; roman; saying; section; studies", "summary": "Fabius Maximus II (195C\u2013D); Scipio Maior II (196B), V (196C\u2013D), VI (196D\u2013E); Cato Maior XXIV (199C); Scipio Minor V (200A\u2013B), XVI (201B\u2013C), XXII (201E); Marius III (202B\u2013C); Pompeius II (203C), VIII (204A); Cicero XX (205E); Caesar VIII (206C), Xb (206D); Augustus II (207A). 17 Cyrus Minor (173E) \u039a\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2; Memnon I (174B) \u039c\u03ad\u00b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f41 \u1f08\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd- \u03b4\u03c1\u1ff3 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u00b5\u1ff6\u03bd; Dionysius Maior I (175C) \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2; Dionysius Minor I (176C) \u1f49 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2; Antigonus Secundus I (183C) \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2; Antiochus Tertius I (183F) \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2; Agis Tertius I (191E) \u1f49 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f0e\u03b3\u03b9\u03c2; Scipio Maior I (196B) \u03a3\u03ba\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f41 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2; Cato Maior I (198D) \u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f41 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2; Scipio Minor I (199F) \u03a3\u03ba\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16854", "words": "19426", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Martin, Gunther; Gruskov\u00e1, Jana", "title": "Facing the Plague and the Goths: A New Passage from the Scythica Vindobonensia (Codex Vindobonensis hist. gr. 73, fol. 192r, lines 13\u201330)", "date": "2023", "keywords": "192r; 192v; commentary; crisis; der; dexippus; edition; empire; est; events; fol; fragments; gall; goths; greek; gruskov\u00e1; gunther; iiia; jana; letters; line; martin; new; passage; plague; roman; rome; scythians; scythica; skythika; studies; text; thucydides; time; und; vienna; vindobonensia; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "444 FACING THE PLAGUE AND THE GOTHS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 62 (2022) 437\u2013493 (A) fol. 192r (fr. IIIa) lines 13\u201317 (\u1fec\u03c9\u0323\u00b5\u0323\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u2026 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u03b9); (B) fol. 192r (fr. IIIa) lines 17\u201325 (\u1f25\u0323 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u1f79\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u2026 \u1f00\u0323\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u0323\u03c1\u0323\u1f71\u0323\u03c8\u0323\u03b1\u0323\u03b9\u0323 \u03c4\u0323\u03b5\u0323 |\u204e\u204e\u204e\u204e\u204e\u204e\u204e\u204e\u204e\u204e\u204e); (C) fol. 192r (fr. IIIa) lines 25\u201330 + fol. 192v (fr. IIIb) lines 1\u2013 2 (\u204e\u204e\u03b4\u204e \u03b4\u1f74\u0323 \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u1f75\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f65\u03c1\u03b1\u27e8\u03b9\u27e9 \u2026 \u03b3\u0323\u1fc6\u03bd \u03c3\u1f7b\u00b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd). For more see G. Martin in GLO 41\u201342 (in preparation). 114", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16870", "words": "3602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Sandri, Maria Giovanna", "title": "A Grammatical Fragment on \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1: Ms. Bodl. Gr. misc. e. 1", "date": "2023", "keywords": "9th; byzantine; cent; fragment; greek; recto; script; studies; text; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1", "summary": "21\u201323 and Tav. 12; Perria, RSBN N.S. 20\u201321 (1983\u201384) 25\u201368; G. De Gregorio, \u201cMateriali vecchi e nuovi per uno studio della minuscola greca fra VII e IX secolo,\u201d in G. Prato (ed.), I manoscritti greci tra 204 A GRAMMATICAL FRAGMENT ON \u0391\u039d\u03a4\u0399\u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u0399\u03a7\u0391 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 63 (2023) 201\u2013213 not the only early attestation of the use of paper. Sandri \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 63 (2023) 201\u2013213 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16871", "words": "8786", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Beck, Bill", "title": "Homer's Verbal Mimesis in the Iliad's Exegetical Scholia", "date": "2023", "keywords": "78\u2013102; critic; greek; homer; homeric; iliad; language; mimesis; narrator; poet; poetry; schol; scholia; sound; studies; tmesis; words; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "When the narrator uses the short, dactylic expression \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u1fbd \u1f14\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd (\u201cthey put on their armor,\u201d Il. 4.222) to describe the arming of the Achaian troops before the first pitched battle of the poem, the exegetical scholion notes that Homer \u201cadapted the expression to the haste of those arming themselves,\u201d \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u1ff3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f41\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9- ___ and Non-Greek Languages,\u201d in E. J. Bakker (ed.), A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language (Malden 2010) 228\u2013252, at 232\u2013234. commentary on Hermogenes\u2019 On Types of Style, where he notes that Homer composed Il. 12.208 with a metrical anomaly \u201cin imitation of the emotion provoked by the snake\u201d (VI 490.16\u201317 Walz).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16872", "words": "2765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Xian, Ruobing", "title": "Homeric \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (Il. 12.147) Reconsidered", "date": "2022", "keywords": "debrunner; form; greek; homeric; perfect; studies; \u03b4\u03ad\u03b3\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2; \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9; \u1f15\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9", "summary": "nach Konsonant,\u201d14 the morpho- logically, metrically, and semantically similar forms \u1f15\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (Il. 3.134, 9.628) and \u03ba\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (from \u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u00b5\u03b1\u03b9 \u201clie\u201d)15 could make it easier for \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 to be regarded by both the bards and the audience as a present third-person plural. The similarities between \u1f15\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (Il. 3.134, 9.628) and \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (Il. 12.147) are striking.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16876", "words": "9108", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Faraone, Christopher A.", "title": "Notes on Magical Texts and Gems", "date": "2023", "keywords": "faraone; fig; figure; gem; gems; greek; hand; head; inscription; lion; mouth; reverse; ring; seal; second; studies; texts; word", "summary": "Both of the Raubitschek inscriptions, however, seem to share the same genitive end- ing -\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 which suggests a rarer, but important form of inscrip- tion found on the reverse of magical gems, in which the purpose vey; Annotated Bibliography,\u201d ANRW II.18.5 (1995) 3577\u201378, and Michel, Die magischen Gemmen: Zu Bildern und Zauberformeln 481\u2013482. The image on the Brisbane gem is unique, but it does follow a pattern seen on a handful of other gems, which depict a bare- chested male figure with a single snake-head, who wears a similar kilt ( fig. 15), but with one exception holds two different attri- butes: a was-scepter in one hand and an ankh-sign in the other:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16898", "words": "5504", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Nelson, Thomas J.", "title": "Sappho\u2019s Rose-Fingered Moon and Traditional Referentiality", "date": "2024", "keywords": "adjective; dawn; epic; epithet; greek; homer; moon; poem; poetry; rose; sappho; selene; studies", "summary": "Nelson \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 147\u2013161 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Sappho\u2019s Rose-Fingered Moon and Traditional Referentiality Thomas J. Nelson APPHO in fr.96 Voigt compares a departed friend to a moon among stars (6\u20139a):1 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u039b\u1f7b\u0323\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u00b5\u03c0\u03c1\u1f73\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u1f77- \u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f64\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u2019 \u1f00\u03b5\u03bb\u1f77\u03c9 \u03b4\u1f7b\u03bd\u0323\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00 \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b4\u1f71\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u1f71\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u1f71\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1<\u03c1>\u1f73\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u2019 \u1f04\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u0387 Now she stands out among Lydian women like the rose-fingered moon after sunset, surpassing all the stars.2 Such astral similes are a common element in encomiastic literature, especially in choral song;3 and they recur elsewhere in 1 For the enumeration and presentation of Sappho fragments I follow C. Neri, Saffo, Testimonianze e frammenti (Berlin 2021); his text here follows the emendations of W. Schubart, \u201cNeue Bruchst\u00fccke der Sappho und des Al- kaios,\u201d SBBerl 24 (1902) 195\u2013209, at 200: in particular, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1 restores the required meter for the papyrus\u2019 \u00b5\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1. Sappho may have drawn on local traditions from Asia Minor in her treatment of the myth: D. L. Page, Sappho and Alcaeus (Oxford 1955) 273\u2013274; E. Stehle, \u201cSappho\u2019s Gaze: Fantasies of a Goddess and Young Man,\u201d in E. Greene (ed.), Reading Sappho: Contemporary Approaches (Berkeley 1996)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16901", "words": "9602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "van den Berg, Baukje", "title": "Twelfth-Century Scholars on the Moral Exemplarity of Ancient Poetry", "date": "2023", "keywords": "basilakes; berg; byzantine; byzantium; century; commentaries; commentary; den; eustathios; exemplarity; greek; homer; homeric; iliad; lessons; literature; poetry; reading; rhetorical; studies; tragedy; tzetzes; value; van; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "114 THE MORAL EXEMPLARITY OF ANCIENT POETRY \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 63 (2023) 103\u2013129 ton identified in Renaissance readings of ancient texts through the lens of moral exemplarity: while the most ideologically correct and rhetorically powerful exemplar would be morally unambiguous, the veneration of antiquity and the study of ancient texts laid bare the entire narrative of the hero\u2019s life, with all its ambiguities.28 Like their Renaissance counterparts, Byzantine teachers and scholars applied a degree of censorship or filtering to ancient narratives with the aim of countering their inherent ambiguity and moral heterogeneity.29 Both Basilakes and the anonymous epigrammatist(s) offer an un- equivocal interpretation that brings the \u1f60\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 or (moral) usefulness of the old stories into sharp relief for contemporary readers, a usefulness that served to justify the study of ancient literature in the first place.30 Homer as a teacher of moral behavior Byzantine scholars thus continued to subscribe to the age-old notion that drama and poetry in general\u2014not least that of Homer, who was still considered the greatest of all poets\u2014had an inherent moral value.31 In an encomium on the metro- 28 T. Hampton, Writing from History: By focusing on the ethical usefulness of the ancient past and by reading ancient texts through the lens of moral exemplarity, our twelfth-century scholars transform ancient poetry into a site of moral reflection and redefine its cultural authority in terms relevant to their own time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16902", "words": "9577", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Braccini, Tommaso", "title": "Tales from the Crypt: The Scheintod of Zeno and Anastasios, Reexamined", "date": "2023", "keywords": "anastasios; braccini; byzantine; century; chronicon; death; emperor; epilepsy; greek; historians; kedrenos; later; lightning; logothetes; ps.-symeon; psellos; sarcophagus; scheintod; sources; story; studies; tales; theophanes; zeno; zonaras; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "16 See most recently P. Crawford, Roman Emperor Zeno: The Perils of Power Politics in Fifth-Century Constantinople (Barnsley 2019) 224\u2013228. In April, on the ninth day, Emperor Zeno died and was buried in the Church of the Holy Apostles, in a stone sarcophagus from Thessalonica (i.e., Thessaly).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16903", "words": "6659", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Chu, Minqi", "title": "Rhetorical Training in Byzantine Italy: The Evidence of Paris.gr. 3032", "date": "2023", "keywords": "anonymous; byzantine; century; corpus; des; education; greek; italy; luc\u00e0; notes; parisinus; produzione; rhetorical; scritta; sicily; southern; studies; syracuse; textbook; theodosius; training; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Chu \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 63 (2023) 182\u2013200 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Rhetorical Training in Byzantine Italy: The Parisinus is therefore the only sure surviving witness to the production and circulation of rhetorical textbooks in the Greek- speaking area of Byzantine southern Italy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16908", "words": "5450", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Nawotka, Krzysztof", "title": "On the Nature and Functions of the Macedonian Council of Peliganes", "date": "2023", "keywords": "age; boule; cities; colonies; council; demos; evidence; gerousia; greek; macedonian; peliganes; roman; seleukeia; seleukid; studies", "summary": "The most recent contribution is by Miltiades Hatzopoulos, who while discussing the civic organization of Macedonia writes: \u201cThe council (boule), the member of which bore the name of peliganes in the Old Kingdom, constituted, as everywhere in the Greek world, the permanent commission of the assembly. Another leading expert on ancient Macedonia, Nicholas G. L. Hammond, devoted his attention to the etymol- ogy of peliganes and was more ambiguous, stating simply: \u201cOne term for Councillors in a Macedonian town goes back to the time of Philip and probably much earlier: \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u1fb6\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2.\u201d2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1691", "words": "3596", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Hernandez de la Fuente, David", "title": "Nonnus and Theodore Hyrtakenos", "date": "2003", "keywords": "dion; dionysiaca; hyrtakenos; ka\u2039; mourning; myths; niobe; nonnus; passage; planudes; tears; theodore", "summary": "Apart from this imitation of Nonnus, Planudes 11 So George of Pisidia (seventh century), Joseph Genesios, and a writer of an epitaph (both tenth century): see L. Sternbach, \u201cDe Georgio Pisida Nonni sec- tatore,\u201d Analecta Graeco-Latina philologis Vindobonae congregatis (Krakow 1893) 38\u201354; A. Diller, \u201cNonnus Dionysiaca in Genesius Regna,\u201d CP 46 (1951) 176\u2013177, and I. Sevcenko, \u201cAn Early Tenth-century Inscription from Gala- krenai with Echoes from Nonnus and the Palatine Anthology,\u201d DOP 41 (1987) 461\u2013468. Itys and Philomela (2.130\u2013135) efi d\u00a2 g\u00e3moiw \u00e9d\u00a4koiw me bi\u00c6setai, e\u2030dow \u00e9me\u00a4cv, m\u00a4jomai \u00d9rn\u00a4yessi, ka\u2039 flptam\u00b0nh Filom\u00c6lh ka\u2039 =\u00d2don \u00e9gg\u00b0llousa ka\u2039 \u00e9nyem\u00d2essan \u00a7\u00b0rshn \u00b6ssomai efiarino\u203ao f\u00a4lh Zef\u00caroio xelid!n, fyeggom\u00b0nh l\u00e3low \u02c6rniw \u00cdpvrof\u00a4hw m\u00b0low \u00b1xo\u00cbw, \u00d9rxhym\u201c pter\u00d2enti periska\u00a4rousa kali\u00c6n.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16921", "words": "10596", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "O'Sullivan, Rory", "title": "The Hierarchy of Pleasures in Longus\u2019 Daphnis and Chloe and Thucydides\u2019 Peloponnesian War", "date": "2024", "keywords": "chloe; daphnis; desire; eros; erotic; experience; greek; hierarchy; longus; love; lykainion; novel; o\u2019sullivan; peloponnesian; pleasure; roman; rory; sense; studies; text; thucydides; war; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Conclusion In the proem of Daphnis and Chloe Longus does not distinguish himself from Thucydides, but suggests they are alike. Lykainion draws an equivalence between Eros and sex, but in fact for Daphnis sex is only significant as a means of navigating his troubles.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16925", "words": "13004", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Wash, Leon", "title": "Empedocles\u2019 Account of Wine (fr.81) and Premodern Oenology", "date": "2024", "keywords": "account; aristotle; bark; der; empedocles; euripides; evidence; fermentation; fire; fr.81; grapes; greek; juice; leon; loc; nature; new; plutarch; studies; thought; vine; vinum; vitis; wash; water; wine; wood; wright", "summary": "Finally, in a study of Orphic-Dionysian ideas, Eisler situated fr.81 among intriguing parallels representing wine as a mixture of fire and water and as coming directly from the vine.31 Curiously, Eisler claimed that the conception shared by Empedocles comes from an ancient tradition of making intoxicating drinks out of tree sap: evidently a wine from ash tree sap, akin to birch beer, was once consumed in ancient Sumer and England\u2014but not Greece.32 Appealing as this beverage sounds, then, Eisler seems to be bark- ing up a better tree when noting the warming effect of wine and linking Empedocles\u2019 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6 with Dionysus\u2019 cult titles \u03a6\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2 and \u03a6\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2, which suggest that the idea of grape wine as \u201cfire-water\u201d coming \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6 (whatever its precise meaning) was likely rooted in more immediate experiences.33 Before we consider the fragment in light of the rest of what we know about Empedocles\u2019 thought, it will be helpful to examine the passages in which Aristotle and Plutarch quote it. At the same time, it is reported that Empedocles held the distinct characters of different soils responsible for the distinct characters of wines: A\u00ebtius (5.26.4) reports that Empedocles thought that the differences among juices arise as alterations of the multipartite nature \u27e8of earth\u27e9 and of plants, since they draw in different ways the homoeomeries from what nourishes them, just as in the case of vines: for the differences among these do not make wine good, but the differences of the soil nourishing it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16930", "words": "9087", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Schwartz, Adam", "title": "Fighting Unshod: The Question of Footwear in Hoplite Warfare", "date": "2023", "keywords": "adam; barefoot; cold; equipment; fact; feet; fighting; footwear; greek; hoplites; peltasts; sandals; schwartz; shoes; soldiers; sources; spartan; studies; transl; unshod; winter; xenophon; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The textual evidence The more or less tacit assumption that because footwear existed, it must have been universally used in everyday life, extends to the military sphere: the question of military footwear is generally not brought up, and then usually only in passing, and to note that footwear must have been used as a matter of course. Accordingly, one does not see h\u0113merodromoi wearing shoes when on the road, and of the athletes the runners would not be capable of maintaining speed, if they were to run wearing shoes\u201d (\u1f21 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u03b5\u1f50\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u1f70", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16932", "words": "9236", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Prauscello, Lucia", "title": "On Stephanus of Byzantium \u03b2 188: \u0392\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b2\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, and \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1", "date": "2023", "keywords": "aelius; billerbeck; byblos; dionysius; eustathius; greek; kind; meineke; papyrus; plant; s.v; stephanus; studies; synagoge; text; \u03b1\u1f30\u03b3\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b7\u03c2; \u03b2\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5; \u03b2\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1; \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2; \u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u1f78\u03bd; \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae; \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2; \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78", "summary": "The MSS. of Stephanus do indeed have \u03b2\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u0391\u1f30\u03b3\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b7\u03c2, but the correction of \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 to \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 (\u201clime-tree\u201d and, by metonymy, \u201cits fibrous part,\u201d hence \u201cthe internal part of the exterior bark,\u201d or \u201cbast\u201d) is Meineke\u2019s, not Berkel\u2019s. 157\u2013181 passage are that of an anonymous \u201cvir doctus\u201d mentioned in Meineke\u2019s apparatus,18 who suggested \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 to be a corruption of \u1f55\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 (presumably in the sense of \u201cundergrowth/copse\u201d as opposed to \u201cforest tree\u201d?);19 and that of Brinkmann, who ten- tatively suggested emending \u03b2\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u0391\u1f30\u03b3\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b7\u03c2 to \u03b2\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u0391\u1f30\u03b3\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u1fc3.20", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16936", "words": "9111", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Bolonyai, G\u00e1bor", "title": "Who Copied Janus Pannonius\u2019s Greek-Latin Dictionary (\u00d6NB Suppl. gr. 45)?", "date": "2023", "keywords": "bolonyai; byzantine; dictionary; eth.nic; ferrara; fig; figure; fol; glosses; greek; g\u00e1bor; hand; janus; janus pannonius; latin; lemmata; letter; lianori; manuscript; margine; notes; pannonius; roman; studies; theodore; vienna; vocabulary; xen; \u00f6nb", "summary": "Denis\u2019s reading was accepted by Vogel and Gardthausen,8 and taken over by Josef Bick in his 1920 catalogue of Greek hands in Vienna manu- scripts, although by then the annotation had disappeared from 4 Plutarch, Quibus modis ab inimicis iuvari possimus [De capienda ex inimicis utilitate], De negotiositate [De curiositate], and Dicta regum et imperatorum; Demos- thenes, Oratio adversus epistolam Philippi Lianori\u2019s Greek letters to Tortelli may have been meant as proof of his proficient letter-writing in both languages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16937", "words": "7167", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Kozian, Benny", "title": "The \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 in Euripides\u2019 Ion: An Unwitting Purifier of Athenian Identity", "date": "2024", "keywords": "1\u201320; erechtheid; euripides; gibert; greek; identity; ion; kreousa; martin; pace; pedagogue; studies; tragedy; truths; zacharia", "summary": "On Euripides\u2019 mythopoiesis, Martin, Ion 22\u201323; V. Dimoglidis, \u201cMeta- mythology in Euripides\u2019 Ion,\u201d eisodos. The \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 in Euripides\u2019 Ion: An Unwitting Purifier of Athenian Identity Benny Kozian 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16940", "words": "8120", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Ewald, Owen M.", "title": "Asking and Answering: An Indian Genre in Greek?", "date": "2024", "keywords": "37\u201359; alexander; answer; answering; berlin; dead; death; greek; gymnosophist; indian; king; land; life; olivelle; papyrus; plutarch; question; stoneman; studies; upani\u1e63ad; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd", "summary": "The Gymnosophist episode in Plutarch occurs in the context of his invasion of what is now India, especially the subsequent resistance to Macedonian rule by King Sabbas, called Sabeilo in the Berlin Papyrus or Sambas in other sources.25 Alexander attributes Sabbas\u2019 revolt to his advisors, the Gymnosophists or \u2018naked philosophers\u2019.26 4 Van Thiel, Hermes 100 (1972) 354\u2013358, does a side-by-side comparison with the Berlin Papyrus, Plutarch, and the Metz Epitome; Stoneman, Alexander 19, 236, dates the earliest version of the Alexander Romance to the late third century C.E., although based on earlier Hellenistic material, and the Metz Epitome to the fourth or fifth century; for the heterogeneity of the Romance see I 38 ASKING AND ANSWERING \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16941", "words": "8525", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Massetti, Laura", "title": "Pindar, Perseus, and the \u03b8\u03c1\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 in Nonnus of Panopolis", "date": "2023", "keywords": "athena; dion; dionysiaca; dionysus; euryale; gorgons; greek; heads; lament; laura; massetti; medusa; nonnus; passage; perseus; pindar; pindaric; pyth; pythian; reference; studies; tune; \u03b8\u03c1\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2", "summary": "A. Herda, \u201cPanionion-Melia, Mykalessos-Mykale, Perseus und Medusa: \u00dcberlegungen zur Besiedlungsgeschichte der Mykale in der fr\u00fchen Eisen- zeit,\u201d IstMitt 56 (2006) 43\u2013102, at 85\u201393, points out that, according to Eu- stathius (ad Il. 2.498), Perseus founded the temple of Zeus Mycalesius (dated around 700 BCE). Massetti \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 63 (2023) 300\u2013324 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Pindar, Perseus, and the \u03b8\u03c1\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 in Nonnus of Panopolis Laura Massetti NTERTEXTUAL INVESTIGATIONS on Nonnus\u2019 Dionysiaca have led to great satisfaction.1 Not only is Nonnus\u2019 \u2018Late- Greek baroque\u2019 poetry2 consciously presented as variegated in nature from the very start of the Dionysiaca,3 but his phraseol- ogy also draws from different literary genres.4 Among others, 1 See e.g. M. Paschalis, \u201cOvidian Metamorphosis and Nonnian poikilon eidos,\u201d in K. Spanoudakis (ed.), Nonnus of Panopolis in Context (Berlin 2014) 97\u2013 122; D. Gigli Piccardi, \u201cNonnus and Pindar,\u201d in H. Bannert et al. (eds.), Nonnus of Panopolis in Context II (Leiden 2018) 255\u2013270; S. B\u00e4r et al. (eds.), Narrative, Narratology and Intertextuality: New Perspectives on Greek Epic from Homer to Nonnus (London 2019).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16942", "words": "9767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Rohmann, Dirk", "title": "John Chrysostom, the Laudatio Apostolorum, and the End of the Areopagus", "date": "2023", "keywords": "apostles; areopagus; athens; century; chrysostom; constantinople; council; destruction; fourth; greek; john; john chrysostom; late; laudatio; pagan; rohmann; roman; sermon; studies; voicu", "summary": "Studies in the relative chronology of John\u2019s writings, first undertaken by Bernard de Montfaucon in his early edition and recently and comprehensively reviewed by Wendy Mayer, have yielded the result that while some of John\u2019s polemical ser- mons belong to his appointment in Constantinople, he had already delivered most of these while he was in Antioch.1 Al- though some scholars have doubted the authenticity of some of John\u2019s most polemical texts, a closer review has sometimes re- vealed that there is insufficient reason to doubt his authorship.2 1 W. Mayer, The Homilies of St John Chrysostom (Rome 2005). Rohmann \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 63 (2023) 422\u2013446 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ John Chrysostom, the Laudatio Apostolorum, and the End of the Areopagus Dirk Rohmann OHN CHRYSOSTOM, ecclesiastical author and bishop of Constantinople, ranks among the most prolific writers of antiquity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16943", "words": "11588", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Iglesias-Zoido, Juan Carlos", "title": "Speech and Narrative Setting in Herodian\u2019s History: Marcus Aurelius and Pertinax", "date": "2023", "keywords": "aurelius; carlos; emperor; greek; herodian; historiography; history; iglesias; juan; laetus; marcus; narrative; narrative setting; pertinax; roman; setting; speaker; speech; speeches; studies; thucydides; words; work; zoido; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "This address is very different from other examples of military speech found throughout Herodian\u2019s work, which are much more rhetorically elaborate, e.g. the harangues pronounced by figures like Septimius Severus (2.10.2\u20139, 3.6.1\u20137), Macrinus (4.14.5\u20138), or Alexander Severus (6.3.3\u20137), that appropriately use the so-called \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 in their argumentation.48 These \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 reveal Herodian\u2019s good knowledge of the rhetorical keys for this type of speech,49 to the extent that they even merited the honor of being selected as examples of military exhortation in Byzantine times.50 In a way, it is as if the historian, who is very familiar with this kind of speech, had opted in Laetus\u2019 case for a type of speech that does not seek genuine persuasion before an unfavorable military audience but a simple conveying of a fait accompli. By narrative setting I refer to a complex structure with three levels (the terms immediately preceding the speech itself, the sentence that contains them, and the broader oratorical context) used by Classical-era historians, such as Thucydides, to introduce speeches in their narratives.1 These settings serve crucial goals: they define where and when a speech is uttered, characterize the speaker, and create a referential and pragmatic framework that aims to condition the readerly response.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16946", "words": "7617", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Cullhed, Sigrid Schottenius; Juchnevi\u010dien\u0117, Nijol\u0117", "title": "The Ethics of Motherhood in Plutarch\u2019s Parallel Lives", "date": "2023", "keywords": "401\u2013421; daughter; ethics; family; greek; juchnevi\u010dien\u0117; life; lives; love; mother; motherhood; plutarch; role; roman; sons; studies; wife; women; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The unbreakable bond between mother and son persists throughout their lives, with mothers acting as ultimate moral authorities for their sons. Living together with an adult son (and his family) is stressed in Lives only in the case of Roman mothers.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16947", "words": "6076", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Berkes, Lajos", "title": "Greek Documents and their Scribes in Eighth-Century Egypt", "date": "2025", "keywords": "80\u201398; administration; arabic; berkes; byzantine; century; coptic; documents; egypt; greek; islamic; roman; scribes; studies; writing", "summary": "From Constantinople to Baghdad, 500-1000 CE (Cambridge 2022) 379\u2013407, gives a similar account and connects the disappearance of Greek documents with the language\u2019s loss of status and the increasing use of Coptic (esp. 398\u2013399). Their number increased only in the sec- ond part of the eighth century, but the language becomes dom- inant in the papyrological record only in the ninth century.5 The first decades of Arab rule still produced the same kind of Greek documents that we find in the late Byzantine period, such as letters, legal documents, lists, and receipts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16952", "words": "9425", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Tomczyszyn, Karolina", "title": "\u201cAnoint Your Chest and Eat Some of the Wax-Salve\u201d: The Non-Liturgical Use of Holy Oils in the Early Byzantine East", "date": "2023", "keywords": "anointing; artemios; body; byzantine; cerate; greek; holy; life; lives; miracles; oil; oils; pilgrims; practice; saint; sanctuary; story; studies; use; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "Take holy oil and anoint your entire 1 For the state of the matter see M. T. Canivet, \u201cLe reliquaire \u00e0 huile de la grande \u00e9glise de Huarte (Syrie),\u201d Syria 55 (1978) 153\u2013162; P. Maraval, Lieux saints et p\u00e8lerinages d\u2019Orient (Paris 1985); W. Gessel, \u201cDas \u00d6l der M\u00e4r- tyrer. All these contributions advanced our knowl- edge mainly of material sources, focusing on hydraulic installations and ampullae for making and carrying holy oils.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16954", "words": "12095", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kennedy, Scott", "title": "Redating Bessarion\u2019s Against the Slanderer of Plato: His Defense of Plato and Platonic Politics", "date": "2024", "keywords": "528\u2013561; aristotle; asp; augustine; bessarion; book; comparison; cordoba; date; draft; esse; est; fall; gaza; george; greek; john; kennedy; latin; letter; manuscript; mohler; monfasani; non; perotti; plato; platonis; plethon; politics; redaction; redating; scott; slanderer; speranzi; studies; summer; text; trebizond; work; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "528\u2013561 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Redating Bessarion\u2019s Against the Slanderer of Plato: His Defense of Plato and Platonic Politics Scott Kennedy HE CONTROVERSY between George of Trebizond and Bessarion over Plato has long fascinated scholars as a defining moment in the Renaissance and the translation of Plato from Byzantium to the West.1 In 1458, George\u2019s Com- parison of the Two Philosophers Aristotle and Plato had attacked Plato as fundamentally incompatible both doctrinally and politically with Christianity, claiming that Platonists such as Bessarion\u2019s neopagan teacher George Gemistos Plethon had caused the loss of Byzantium and would soon cause the fall of the West.2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16955", "words": "13739", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kramer, M. J.", "title": "Hellenistic Visuality and Jewish Textuality in Ezekiel\u2019s Exagoge", "date": "2024", "keywords": "approach; burning; bush; divine; exagoge; ezekiel; god; greek; hellenistic; moses; philo; poetry; roman; scene; sight; speech; studies; text; verbal; viewing; vision; visual; visuality; words", "summary": "In the Letter of Aristeas, a work of a similar date and geographi- cal and cultural provenance to Ezekiel, the Septuagint text itself is explicitly presented in ways that in the Hellenistic world are more commonly associated with visual divine images and rites. The astonishing appearance of the latter is marked by God\u2019s use of the language of wonder and amazement (\u03b4\u03c1\u1f71\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u1f79\u03c2, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b1\u03c5\u00b5\u1f71\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9, the staff \u201cwill become a terrifying snake, so that you will be amazed,\u201d Exagoge 123), a familiar aspect of Hellenistic visual description (as discussed above), and the ex- clamations and highly emotional reaction of Moses (124\u2013126): \u1f30\u03b4\u03bf\u1f7a \u03b2\u1f73\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u0387 \u03b4\u1f73\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u1fbd, \u1f35\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u0387 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u1f79\u03c2, \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c0\u1f73\u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2\u0387 \u03bf\u1f34\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u1f7b \u00b5\u03b5\u0387 \u03c0\u1f73\u03c6\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1fbd \u1f30\u03b4\u1f7d\u03bd, \u00b5\u1f73\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u1f7d\u00b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u1f73\u00b5\u03b5\u03b9.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16956", "words": "5742", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Cianciosi, Stefano", "title": "A New Source for Piccolomini\u2019s De educatione liberorum: Filelfo\u2019s Translation of Plutarch\u2019s Regum et imperatorum apophthegmata", "date": "2023", "keywords": "aeneas; apophthegmata; cassarino; cianciosi; educatione; filelfo; francesco; greek; latin; liberorum; piccolomini; plutarch; silvius; source; studies; translation; treatise; vat.lat; version; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "For an edition of some of Filelfo\u2019s other Latin translations of Greek authors see J. De Keyser, Francesco Filelfo. On Filelfo\u2019s bitterness toward Aeneas Silvius see C. Bianca, \u201cFilelfo tra Platonici e Aristotelici,\u201d in Francesco Filelfo nel quinto centenario 207\u2013247, at 235\u2013236; D. Marsh, \u201cFrancesco Filelfo as Writer of Invective,\u201d in J. De Keyser (ed.), Francesco Filelfo, Man of Letters (Leiden 2019)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16957", "words": "4293", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Lauxtermann, Marc", "title": "How Tzetzes Lost his Horse at Troy: Metalepsis in the Carmina Iliaca", "date": "2023", "keywords": "350\u2013361; byzantine; carmina; horse; iliaca; isaac; komnenos; studies; troy; tzetzes; wife", "summary": "the \u2018Bookish\u2019 Identity of John Tzetzes,\u201d in Y. Stouraitis [ed.], Identities and Ideologies in the Medieval East Roman World [Edinburgh 2022] 146\u2013163, at 153 and n.31), but how many sebastoi by the name of Isaac Komnenos and how many lepers do we need? The infor- mation provided by Varzos, the go-to scholar for anything to do with the Komnenoi, is sadly not entirely reliable in the case of this Isaac (Isaakios 56 in his list).21 Isaac is the grandson of Isaac Komnenos sebastokrator (Isaakios 12 in Varzos), the brother of Alexios I, and he is the son of Constantine pansebastos sebastos (Konstantinos 27), attested as megas droungarios tes viglas in the early 1140s.22 Like Isaac, his father was doux of Verroia at the beginning of his career: there is a letter by Theophylact of Ohrid in which he tells Constantine that his brother Demetrios is travelling to Verroia; as Theophylact\u2019s brother died in 1107\u2013 1108, this gives us a terminus ante quem.23 Isaac\u2019s date of birth is unknown; but given the fact that he was doux of Verroia in the early 1130s, he was most probably born before ca. 1110.24", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16959", "words": "8293", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Perczyk, Cecilia J.", "title": "The Cassandra\u2019s Madness in Aeschylus\u2019 Agamemnon", "date": "2023", "keywords": "aeschylus; agamemnon; apollo; cassandra; character; chorus; clytemnestra; disease; euripides; god; greek; madness; mental; perczyk; prophecy; prophetess; studies; suffering; tragedy; word; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Symptoms Prophetic vision causes Cassandra physical disturbances. Aeschylus wrote his works in the first half of the fifth century, and there is no strong evidence for medical writings prior to 440.7 In his 5 Cf. S. Schein, \u201cThe Cassandra Scene in Aeschylus\u2019 Agamemnon,\u201d G&R 29 (1982) 11\u201316, for whom Cassandra\u2019s madness scene in Agamemnon differs from other tragic madness scenes; cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16961", "words": "3402", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Chaldekas, Matthew", "title": "An Erotic-Ecphrastic Pastiche: Anth.Pal. 12.61\u201362", "date": "2024", "keywords": "anonymous; couplet; epigram; greek; hellenistic; lines; meleager; nossis; poem", "summary": "Such a command to look is a common feature of ecphrastic epigram. On the large number of anonymous epigrams from Meleager\u2019s Garland in Book 12 of the Anthology and their relation to Meleager, see A. S. F. Gow, The Greek Anthology: Sources and Ascriptions (London 1958)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16962", "words": "7189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Grau, Sergi", "title": "Theodora, a (not so) Holy Harlot: Procopius\u2019 Secret History and the Hagiographic Narrative", "date": "2023", "keywords": "anastasia; byzantine; daniel; empress; grau; greek; harlots; history; holy; justinian; life; narrative; pelagia; procopius; roman; saint; studies; theodora; women; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "Grau \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 63 (2023) 447\u2013465 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Theodora, a (not so) Holy Harlot: Procopius\u2019 Secret History and the Hagiographic Narrative Sergi Grau ROUND 550,1 shortly after Theodora\u2019s death, Procopius of Caesarea wrote a controversial work, the inter- pretation of which has strongly influenced the modern view of Theodora herself, of emperor Justinian, of their empire, and of their entire era: the Anekdota or Secret History (Historia ar- cana), as it is commonly called among scholars.2 A (NOT SO) HOLY HARLOT \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 63 (2023) 447\u2013465 discussions about the historicity of these images have been going on for decades, a consensus now seems to have been reached about Theodora\u2019s historical involvement in political and ec- clesiastical affairs, thanks largely to consultation of other sources, particularly epigraphic: Theodora, as expected of women at the imperial court, appeared alongside her husband in aulic rituals, and financed hospitals, monasteries, and churches; likewise, her role in the rescue of poor girls sold by parents to brothels seems credible.3 The portrayal of Theodora in the Secret History has been interpreted\u2014I believe rightly\u2014as a very traditional attempt to undermine the husband\u2019s reputation by attacking the wife\u2019s character and manners.4", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16964", "words": "10644", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Beneker, Jeffrey", "title": "\u201cYour God will be my God\u201d: How John Zonaras Rewrote Plutarch\u2019s Alexander", "date": "2024", "keywords": "alexander; byzantine; christian; divine; dream; epitome; god; greek; history; jerusalem; josephus; plutarch; priest; roman; studies; tradition; visit; zeus; zonaras; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Recension \u03b2 of the Alexander Romance, which probably dates to the fifth century, reflects its Christian context by introducing changes to the story that de-emphasize Alexander\u2019s paganism.33 In a summary of how the author of Recension \u03b2 accomplished these changes, Christine Semp\u00e9r\u00e9 points to the rationalization of the story of Alexander\u2019s birth, an aversion to comparing him to a god, and the omission of accounts of pagan sacrifice.34 Zonaras followed the same plan in his transformation of Plutarch.35 His omission of pagan sacrifice, to take the last point first, can be documented succinctly. The lesson of Origen\u2019s version is that Alexander honored the Jews rather than harming them, even though they would not forsake Darius, and this demonstrates their special status.15 The rationale, as in Josephus, is that Alexander recog- nized the high priest from his dream and understood that he would conquer the Persian empire.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16965", "words": "8833", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Tsiampokalos, Theofanis", "title": "Between Scholarly Tradition and Didactic Innovation: Maximus Planudes\u2019 Dialogue on Grammar", "date": "2024", "keywords": "byzantine; dialogue; forms; future; grammar; greek; maximus; middle; palaitimos; planudes; present; studies; tenses; text; textbooks; time; voice; works", "summary": "These are all periphrastic constructions, some of which involve the verb \u201cto be\u201d (\u03b5\u1f30\u00b5\u1f77), while the participle potentially represents forms that are also attested in classical Greek texts as equivalents to finite forms of the corresponding verbs (see Cam- bridge Grammar of Classical Greek 52.51 with further references). However, as demonstrated by Rijksbaron, in all these works the discussion of Greek voice involves a fairly \u201cmechani- cal\u201d approach that stands in contrast to the more comprehensive discussions of the concepts of \u201cagency,\u201d \u201cpatiency,\u201d and \u201cchange\u201d in the works of Aristotle, Simplicius, and Plotinus, who also occasionally touch upon topics related to Greek voice.26 Be that as it may, this \u201cmechanical\u201d mode of exposition is typical of ancient and medieval works on Greek grammar.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16966", "words": "4157", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Roumpekas, Dimitrios", "title": "\u1f08\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9", "date": "2024", "keywords": "89\u2013101; bite; biting; greek; human; injuries; medical; recipes; roman; studies; treatment; wounds; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "98 \u0391\u039d\u0398\u03a1\u03a9\u03a0\u039f\u0394\u0397\u039a\u03a4\u039f\u0399 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 89\u2013101 Aetius, however, seems to have included one more step for the treatment of human bite wounds before applying medicinal plasters to the skin, in suggesting a mixture of thick substances to be applied (13.1, quoted above). This paper focuses on human biting as a medical issue in antiquity and seeks to illustrate the motives and the effects of human bites as well as the treatment of the wounds that they inflicted.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16967", "words": "5973", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Carawan, Edwin", "title": "The Amnesty at the End of the Odyssey", "date": "2024", "keywords": "131\u2013146; amnesty; audience; carawan; end; eustathius; gods; greek; homer; oath; oblivion; odysseus; odyssey; pope; ritual; studies; zeus; \u1f14\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2", "summary": "Carawan \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 131\u2013146 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Amnesty at the End of the Odyssey Edwin Carawan O QUELL the insurrection at Ithaca Zeus anticipates a resolution that is often read like a fairy-tale ending: Odysseus shall be king ever after, the two sides shall be friends as before in peace and prosperity, and, to that end, the gods shall erase all memory of the killing (Od. 24.483\u2013486): \u201c\u1f45\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03b1\u00b5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f41 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u1f30\u03b5\u03af, \u1f21\u00b5\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u2019 \u03b1\u1f56 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u1f14\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b8\u03ad\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7 \u1f05\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9.\u201d THE AMNESTY AT THE END OF THE ODYSSEY \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 131\u2013146 definitive Attic edition,33 the author(s) would naturally appeal to recent history of peace-making.34 That development would be in line with other adaptations leading to the Odyssey we have, translating customs of family obligation into rituals of the early city-state.35 It would also play into the developing themes of local tradition and regional festival.36 The journey that Teiresias foretold (Od. 11.119\u2013137) and Odysseus seems committed to fulfill (23.251\u2013284) played out in such sequels.37 An audience familiar with stories focusing on sons of the heroes would readily anticipate an outcome where Telemachus rules in his father\u2019s absence.38", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16969", "words": "11466", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "B\u00e9rtola, Julian; Ellis, Anthony", "title": "The Lost Poems on the Muses by Theodoros Gazes", "date": "2024", "keywords": "anthony; bessarion; b\u00e9rtola; carbone; ciriaco; clio; cycle; death; ellis; epigrams; ferrara; gazes; greek; guarino; juli\u00e1n; kabakes; latin; leonello; manuscript; melpomene; muses; paintings; poems; roman; rome; studies; theodoros; theodoros gazes; translation; vat.gr; verses; wilson; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Or perhaps Leonello was persuaded by Carbone\u2019s request but, after his death and Gazes\u2019 de- parture from Ferrara, the new plan was never executed, so that Leonello\u2019s successors simply inserted Greek translations. The occasion for the composition of the epigrams After a period in Mantua, Theodoros Gazes reached Ferrara in 1446 and remained there until 1449, teaching Greek litera- 3 https://www.dbbe.ugent.be; see DBBE Occurrences 27063, 27066, 27067, 27068, 27070, 27072, 27074, 27076, and 27077 (created by B\u00e9rtola).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16978", "words": "6427", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Zieli\u0144ski, Tomasz", "title": "Demetrius Poliorcetes\u2019 Headdress in Macedonia", "date": "2024", "keywords": "alexander; demetrius; diadem; duris; eds; greek; headdress; kausia; king; macedonia; mitra; persian; plutarch; poliorcetes; royal; studies", "summary": "Seen from this perspective, it should not surprise us that accord- ing to Plutarch Demetrius wore, unusually, a double diadem (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u00b5\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c4\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u00b5\u03af\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2): Ziel \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 208\u2013225 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Demetrius Poliorcetes\u2019 Headdress in Macedonia Tomasz Zieli\u0144ski NEGATIVE OPINION prevails in historiography about the six-year rule of Demetrius Poliorcetes in Macedonia", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16982", "words": "6097", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Mayhew, Robert", "title": "Evidence for Aristotle\u2019s Lost Zo\u00efka in Apuleius\u2019 Apologia 36-40", "date": "2024", "keywords": "21\u201336; animalium; animals; apol; apuleius; aristotle; athenaeus; byzantine; fish; fragments; greek; roman; studies; work; zo\u00efka; \u03b6\u1ff4\u03c9\u03bd; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76", "summary": "The donkey (fish),46 Aristotle claims in the On Zo\u00efka, has a widely gaping mouth, like the galeos (a small shark), and is not gregarious. 310E. Aristotle prefers \u1f00\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b1 to \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae: see HA 1.1, 487b33\u2013488a14 (contrasted with \u00b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2) and 8(9).2, 610b1\u201314\u2014 this latter on fish, in which he also uses \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u00b5\u03b1\u03b9, a verb cognate to \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16983", "words": "4544", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Adams, William H.", "title": "An Early Conception of Inflammation in the Hippocratic Treatise Diseases I", "date": "2024", "keywords": "bile; blood; diseases; greek; hippocratic; inflammation; phlegm; theory; \u03c6\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u00b5\u03b1; \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae", "summary": "Instead, it is the fifth century B.C. Hippocratic treatise Nature of Man that provides a true humoral theory, one with characteristics inherent in man and comprising bile, phlegm, black bile, and blood. One of the supporting arguments for a humoral theory is observational in that the author of Nature of Man had seen a sequential change in vomitus as induced by a potent (toxic) medicine: the initial appearance of the vomitus he interpreted as being bile, followed by phlegm, then black bile, 1 W. H. S. Jones, Hippocrates IV (Cambridge [Mass.] 1931) xxvii.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16988", "words": "7438", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Capotos, Spiridon-Iosif", "title": "Short Accusatives in Hesiod: A Diachronic Approach to an Un-Homeric Feature", "date": "2024", "keywords": "accusative; ending; epic; forms; formulaic; greek; hesiod; homeric; overlength; plural; studies; tradition; vowel; \u23d1 \u23d1", "summary": "It seems to me that a conclusive explanation for the presence of short accusative plurals in Hesiod can now be attempted. Yet, since in the Ionic tradition there was no way to analogically recreate short thematic accusative plurals, these forms are not found.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16990", "words": "10658", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Nowakowski, Pawe\u0142", "title": "\u201cDo not focus on their barbarous tongue\u201d: The Languages of the Monasteries of Early Byzantine Syria", "date": "2024", "keywords": "aaes; antioch; aramaic; briquel; building; byzantine; chatonnet; chrysostom; church; desreumaux; graffito; greek; house; inscriptions; invocation; ivb; jarry; language; monasteries; monastery; monks; names; paes; paes ivb; studies; syriac; tongue; village", "summary": "One, Chrystostom\u2019s On the Holy Martyrs (CPG 4357, BHG 1186) has been a number of times put forward as possibly referring to either villagers or ascetics in the hinterland of Antioch as speaking a language, or at least a linguistic variety, considered by the inhabitants of Antioch as 9 The correlation of findspots of Syriac inscriptions with monastic sites has been noted, but never thoroughly discussed. See Briquel-Chatonnet, in Villes et campagnes 29, where she credits monasteries with the diffusion of Classical Syriac in northwestern Syria as a prestigious language of Christianity; S. Brelaud et al., \u201cLes inscriptions syriaques de la mosa\u00efque de l\u2019\u00e9glise de Gola,\u201d Syria 99 (2022) 273\u2013290, at n.59 on the correlation between monastic sites and Syriac inscriptions in southeastern T\u00fcrkiye: \u201con lit des charges mona- stiques \u00e0 \u00d6rmeta\u015f en 489 (un archimandrite, un \u00e9conome, en plus d\u2019au moins deux presbytres), Kurtaran en 490 (un \u2018fr\u00e8re\u2019 et des presbytres), Hazinedere en 556 (un archimandrite, un diacre et au moins un presbytre) et", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16994", "words": "10115", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Scicolone, Federica", "title": "The Chest of Cypselus and the Temple of Apollonis at Cyzicus: Showing and Telling in Literary Inscriptions", "date": "2024", "keywords": "account; agamemnon; art; atlas; century; chest; deixis; epigram; episode; greek; inscriptions; line; myth; narrative; pausanias; readers; roman; scene; scicolone; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "By \u201cliterary inscriptions\u201d I intend texts that can be interpreted either as originally epigraphic texts, which were later transmitted in literary form, or epigrams written as if they were originally inscribed, whereas they could be literary compositions from the start.5 This paper revisits through a linguistic lens two groups of such epigrams: those originally inscribed on the Chest of Cypselus, from the sixth century B.C., which have reached us through Pausanias\u2019 account of this artwork (5.17.5\u20135.19.10); and selected cases from Book 3 of the Palatine Anthology, which collects the epigrams accompanying the reliefs in the otherwise un- attested temple of Apollonis at Cyzicus, possibly dating to the second century B.C., although scholars generally agree on a much later date for the epigrams.6 Linguistic strategies for pointing to extra-textual visual referents, alongside allusive features, can be employed in Greek epigram to invoke lost referents (i.e. artefacts that originally existed, but disappeared with the passage of time) and imaginary referents, which never existed and are the pro- 1 M. J. Squire, \u201cMaking Myron\u2019s Cow Moo?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-16995", "words": "10074", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "L\u00f3pez-Cruces, Juan Luis; Campos-Daroca, Francisco Javier", "title": "Diogenes\u2019 Thyestes", "date": "2024", "keywords": "atreus; campos; children; cruces; daroca; diogenes; euripides; feast; greek; ii v.b; les; l\u00f3pez; myth; seneca; ssr; ssr ii; studies; thyestes; tragedies; tragedy; v.b; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "32 See e.g. P. J. Davis, Seneca: Thyestes (London 2003) 47, and Monteleone, Il Thyestes di Seneca 219\u2013255. Helen, Thyestes, Heracles, Achilles, Medea, Chrysippus, and Oedipus.2 The second list, explicitly attributed to Sotion of Alexandria (beginning of the second century BCE), omits the tragedies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17007", "words": "5183", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kronenberg, Leah", "title": "Marcus Argentarius the Iambic Epigrammatist: Homer\u2019s Irus Episode and Philostratus\u2019 \u201cSweet Cure\u201d", "date": "2024", "keywords": "anth.pal; argentarius; greek; hendry; hipponax; irus; kronenberg; odysseus; odyssey; penis; philostratus; roman; studies; \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u00b5\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd", "summary": "Kronenberg \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 586\u2013599 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Marcus Argentarius the Iambic Epigrammatist: Homer\u2019s Irus Episode and Philostratus\u2019 \u201cSweet Cure\u201d Leah Kronenberg ARCUS \u0391RGENTARIUS, an epigrammatist collected in the Garland of Philip,1 has long been recognized for his puns and double-entendres, though recent decades have brought renewed appreciation for his frequently obscene wordplay and wit.2 Recent scholarship has also focused on 1 He may be identical with the rhetorician Argentarius who was a student of L. Cestius Pius (floruit ca. Unlike these three authors, it is possible that Argentarius was a Roman writing in Greek, though as Small, YCS 12 (1951) 74, states, \u201cThere is thus unfortunately no real evidence at our disposal to determine whether Marcus Argentarius was a Romanized Greek or a Hellenizing Roman.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1701", "words": "3853", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Simms, Robert M.", "title": "Agra and Agrai", "date": "2003", "keywords": "agra; artemis; cult; genitive; mysteries; place; supra; \u00f6agraw", "summary": "Pherekrates in his comedy Graes writes: e\u00c8y\u00c1w g\u00e5r \u2026w \u00a7bad\u00a4zomen \u00a7n \u00d6Agraw.2 7 The Lesser Mysteries, alone, are also designated as pr\u00daw \u00d6Agran.28 This suggests that a procession took place in the rites; and there is other evidence, as well, for a procession \u201cto the goddesses\u201d\u2014perhaps a kernophoria\u2014in both the Greater and the Lesser Mysteries, e.g., the \u201cNinnion tablet\u201d from Eleusis, which may depict such processions.29 pr\u00daw \u00d6Agran , however, although it may later have been interpreted as local (Agra for Agrai), can originally have indicated a procession to the goddess Agra, in her own festival. Accordingly, t\u00da \u00a7n \u00d6Agraw may well be spurious.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17010", "words": "5828", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Uzuno\u011flu, H\u00fcseyin; Tavuk\u00e7u, Zerrin Ayd\u0131n", "title": "New Lists of Foreign Judges from Alabanda in Caria ", "date": "2024", "keywords": "alabanda; asia; block; century; city; greek; height; inscription; judges; line; lists; province; roman; studies; tavuk\u00e7u", "summary": "The institution of foreign judges is a well-known phenomenon attested in the epigraphy of the Hellenistic period, serving to reduce potential civic complaints and disturbances arising from judicial impasses.2 There is a gap between the late Hellenistic period and the end of first century A.D. in terms of attested foreign judges, yet it is indisputable that the practice persisted throughout the High Empire, even though there was a certain decline in its use;3 and the inscriptions from the Imperial period no longer fall in the category of honorary decrees for judges in gratitude for their integrity in carrying out their duties, but appear in the much more condensed, frequently abbreviated form of lists of the members of each foreign delegation.4 It is doubtful that these show a general continuation of the institution into the High Empire;5 it appears to be confined to Mylasa, Stratonikeia, Thessaly(?), Sparta, the so-called Lycian metapempta dikasteria, and In the only relevant parallel for this kind of judge list, in the neighbouring city of Mylasa, we have only ethnic references, namely \u039b\u1f7b\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03b98 (also found in our lists, see Block 1.c) and in a single case the judges of Erythrai who identify themselves as \u1f08\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1f76 \u1f3c\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, meaning the Koinon of the Ionians according to the editors of I.Mylasa and I.Erythrai.9 On the other hand, Martin Hallmansecker has recently proposed that \u1f08\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1f76 \u1f3c\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 in this context is an ethno-cultural reference, primarily because there are no instances of a koinon dispatching a delegation of judges.10 16 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba(\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u1f74\u03c2) \u039b\u0323\u0399\u0323 . .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17012", "words": "6384", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Dimitrios Nikou", "title": "A Compilation of Excerpts from John Xiphilinus\u2019 Epitome of Cassius Dio", "date": "2024", "keywords": "509\u2013527; cassius; codex; dio; emperor; epitome; excerpts; fol; greek; history; john; nikou; studies; xiph; xiphilinus; \u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76; \u03c3\u03b7\u00b5\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76; \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "[Marcus Aurelius] \u1f18\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba-\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 His war with the Quadi and the sudden rainfall after entreaties by the emperor and an Egyptian magician which saved the Roman soldiers from dehydration (Xiph. S260.15\u2013261.1). Nikou \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 509\u2013527 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ A Compilation of Excerpts from John Xiphilinus\u2019 Epitome of Cassius Dio Dimitrios Nikou HE EPITOME that John Xiphilinus made of Cassius Dio\u2019s Roman History was indisputably a particularly important enterprise,1 now chiefly because it preserves a number of lost books from that History.2 At the same time, however, the abridged presentation of Roman history from 69 B.C. to A.D. 229 in Xiphilinus\u2019 Epitome was a handy source for Byzantines in- terested in studying the events of that period without having to plough through the lengthy original.3 As is evident from its manuscript tradition, the Epitome was particularly popular towards the end of Byzantium and in the 1 For the life and work of John Xiphilinus see A. Kazhdan \u201cXiphilinos, John the Younger,\u201d ODB III (1991) 2211; E. Trapp, \u201cJohannes Xiphilinos der Ju\u0308ngere,\u201d in Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon 3 (1992) 618\u2013619; W. Treadgold, The Middle Byzantine Historians (New York 2013) 310\u2013312; B. Berbessou-Broustet, \u201cXiphilin, abr\u00e9viateur de Cassius Dion,\u201d in V. Fromen- tin et al. (eds.), Cassius Dion: nouvelles lectures (Bordeaux 2016) 81\u201394; M. Kruse, \u201cThe Epitomator Ioannes Xiphilinos and the Eleventh-century Xiphilinoi,\u201d J\u00d6B 69 (2019) 257\u2013274.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17014", "words": "8797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Hadjimichael, Theodora", "title": "Editing the Text of Homer in Plato\u2019s Republic", "date": "2024", "keywords": "author; cambridge; century; editing; greek; hadjimichael; homeric; material; new; passages; plato; poetic; poetry; poets; quotations; republic; socrates; studies; text; writing; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "580 EDITING THE TEXT OF HOMER IN PLATO\u2019S REPUBLIC \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 562\u2013585 expected to spend transcribing Solon\u2019s laws to six years by inserting some laws and erasing others (Lys. 30.2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03be\u03ae\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd).44 Probably the most important fourth-century source on the temporary nature of written texts is Ath. The deletion of such passages goes hand-in-hand with Plato\u2019s refusal to interpret Homeric passages allegorically (Resp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17015", "words": "8630", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Sansom, Stephen A.; Fifield, David", "title": "Epic Rhythm: Metrical Shapes in Greek Hexameter", "date": "2024", "keywords": "apollo; corpus; epic; expectancy; greek; hermes; homeric; hymn; passages; rhythm; rhythmic; sansom; sedes; shapes; studies; word; \u23d1 \u23d1", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 350\u2013377 353 in oral poetics suggest that rhythmic patterns can serve literary functions, such as to characterize dramatic passages.7 And con- temporary theorists of transhistorical poetics have explored how the rhythms of metrical verse \u201cafford an organizing of temporal experience \u2026 in the moment of reading,\u201d coordinating aesthetic and social regularity.8 Metrical shapes contribute to the rhythm of epic in what is known as the \u201cinner metric\u201d of hexameter.9 As O\u2019Neill has shown, metrical shapes frequent or \u201clocalize in\u201d only a few of all possible metrical positions.10 Porter argues that this regularity generates \u201cpatterns of expectancy\u201d that poets can \u201cdistort\u201d to create \u201ctension between what is expected and what is actually spoken.\u201d11 2. Density of unexpected metrical shapes For the purpose of analysis, we will call a shape/sedes com- bination \u201cunexpected\u201d when it has an expectancy z-score less than or equal to \u22122.0; that is, the number of occurrences of the shape at that sedes is at least 2 standard deviations lower than the weighted mean number of occurrences at any sedes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17020", "words": "15863", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Rance, Philip", "title": "Some Micro-Fragments of Menander Protector\u2019s Histories: The Evidence of the Lexicon \u0391\u1f31\u03bc\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd", "date": "2024", "keywords": "act; agath; agathias; app; case; dyck; form; greek; histories; lemmata; lexicographer; lexicon; menander; nom; philip; procop; procopius; protector; rance; roman; sequence; stefani; studies; text; tradition; \u03b1\u1f31\u03bc\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Although it is not found in the direct tradition of the Lexicon \u0391\u1f31\u03bc\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd (DO), De Stefani derives this lemma, via a more complete indirect tradition, from Menander fr. II 461.5) is cited from Menander fr. 10,3.16\u201317 (Exc.leg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17021", "words": "8923", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "D'Agostini, Chiara", "title": "Euclid out-of-place? A Geometrical Diagram in a Manuscript of the Corpus Hermogenianum", "date": "2024", "keywords": "456\u2013479; century; corpus; definition; diagram; euclid; figure; fol; greek; kyklos; manuscript; rhetoric; scholia; scholion; studies; text; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c3\u03c7\u1fc6\u00b5\u03b1", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 456\u2013479 distant from the one attached to geometrical diagrams in ancient Greek mathematical thought. Tables, charts, and diagrams\u2014mainly diairetical, i.e. created by division (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2) and similar to tree diagrams\u2014could offer a visual counterpart to texts dealing with rhetoric and contributed to enhancing the comprehension as well as the memorization of rhetorical concepts along with their practical application(s).1 As noted by Copeland and Sluiter in their study of the Western Medieval context,2 this exercise was tightly connected to widely applied modes of classification and schematization of knowl- edge: diagrams provided rhetoric with a visible outline, possibly making it \u201cat once externally systematized and internally assim- ilated\u201d (5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17022", "words": "9735", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Homar, Roser", "title": "Poetry and Handcrafts in Epic and Pindaric Scholia: \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u1f71\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9 in Context", "date": "2024", "keywords": "action; context; creation; criticism; form; greek; homer; lucian; new; pindar; poet; poetry; prometheus; scholia; scholiast; scholium; studies; terms; verb; work; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd; \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9", "summary": "Given this long tradition, it is not surprising that the scholia assert connections between poets and craftsmen, 1 It is impossible to cite the entire bibliography on the relationship between poet and artist.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17027", "words": "10703", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Livorsi, Lorenzo", "title": "From Latin to Greek and Back Again: Translations, Interpolations, and Abuses of a Law of Theodosius II (Cod.Theod. 16.5.66)", "date": "2025", "keywords": "48\u201379; aco; acts; books; cod.theod; constantinople; constitution; council; empire; ephesus; greek; iv.1; latin; law; livorsi; lorenzo; nestorius; par; prose; rhythm; rusticus; sentence; simonians; studies; theodosius; translation; version; word; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "This unique array of sources (the abridgement, Greek version of the full constitution, and the two Latin back-translation) enables us to tackle questions such as: how the compilers of the Theodosian Code selected and rearranged their material; which principles governed the translation of legal texts from Latin to Greek (and vice versa) in the fifth and sixth centuries; how previous legislation was updated, redeployed, and, sometimes, abused\u2014all problems that have so far escaped the interest of most scholars.5 In other words, this article takes this constitution as a case study to illustrate methods and aims of legal translation while also showing that this practice changed remarkably in over a century in response to new readerships. Latin version 1 (transmitted in multiple collections, most notably the Collectio Dionysio- Hadriana)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17028", "words": "2330", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Lech, Marcel Lysgaard", "title": "From the mountains to the sea: Colluthus\u2019 De Raptu Helenae 7", "date": "2024", "keywords": "colluthus; homeric; mountains; paris; sea; studies; \u1f40\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd", "summary": "6.156\u2013157, and pre- cisely this Homeric passage becomes the target of Colluthus\u2019 erudite playing: in 163 Aphrodite offers Paris Helen instead of \u1f20\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b7 (\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u00b5\u1f72\u03bd \u1f20\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f40\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03c9) echoing Homer\u2019s \u1f20\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b7\u03bd \u1f10\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u1f74\u03bd of Bellerophontes7\u2014not wittingly but 4 Such as A. W. Mair, Oppian, Colluthus and Tryphiodorus (Cambridge [Mass.] 1928); E. Livrea, Colluto, Il ratto di Elena (Bologna 1968); P. Orsini, Collouthos, L\u2019enl\u00e8vement d\u2019H\u00e9l\u00e8ne (Paris 1972); O. Sch\u00f6nberger, Kolluthos, Raub der Helena (Wu\u0308rzburg 1993), although he strongly considers M\u2019s reading (57 ad loc.). Furthermore, if we read b\u2019s \u1f10\u03be \u1f40\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd, Colluthus cleverly emphasizes Paris\u2019 future failure by echoing the simile in Il", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17031", "words": "7635", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "L\u00f3pez Romero, Mar\u00eda", "title": "Parenthetical \u1f43 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf (vel sim.) in Classical Greek: A Structural Analysis", "date": "2025", "keywords": "clause; dem; euripides; evans; examples; greek; heracl; ion; phoen; pronoun; relative; studies; \u00b5\u1f74 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf; \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf; \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad; \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9; \u1f43 \u00b5\u1f74", "summary": "\u201d24 Be that as it may, \u1f43 \u00b5\u1f74 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf ends up belonging to an elevated register in Modern Greek and this seems to have also been the case at the time of the Church Fathers.25 According to Evans, the fact that \u1f43 \u00b5\u1f74 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf is doc- 20 Carey, Lysias on 31.14. So far as I have been able to determine, \u1f43 \u00b5\u1f74 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf is attested MAR\u00cdA L\u00d3PEZ ROMERO 333 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 322\u2013342 Thirdly and finally, again with respect to \u1f43 \u00b5\u1f74 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf, the relative pronoun appears in the neuter plural in three examples, two of which, as advanced at the beginning of this section, have been the subject of dispute (Eur. Heracl.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17032", "words": "7252", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Muravyev, Alexey; Vedeshkin, Mikhail A.", "title": "Eusebius Pope of Rome, a Legendary Figure of the Hagiographical Tradition", "date": "2024", "keywords": "bishop; century; christian; church; constantine; emperor; eusebius; greek; judas; julian; muraviev; nicomedia; pope; roman; romance; rome; studies; syriac", "summary": "Constantius II falls gravely ill and then receives a delegation of Italian bishops led by Eusebius bishop of Rome ( 4I\u072a\u0715 +C%DE&C\u0710 \u0723&%$#\u0718\u0710 ),8 who wish to bid farewell to the \u201cChristian emperor\u201d ( 4NO+ :L#P%<+ ). 644 EUSEBIUS POPE OF ROME \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 64 (2024) 634\u2013653 Visio Constantini,29 which tells that during the campaign against the barbarians, Constantine had a vision of the cross, after which he was baptized by \u201cthe bishop of Rome Eusebius.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17034", "words": "2416", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Claytor, W. Graham", "title": "Record of an Enslaved Woman\u2019s Activities", "date": "2024", "keywords": "byzantine; days; greek; nesos; ptolema; soknopaiou; work", "summary": "Ptolema\u2019s activities also involved travel: she spent three days in Gynaikon Nesos with her children and made visits to Soknopaiou Nesos and the metropo- lis. For Isis, making beer, 2 days likewise, washing, 2 (days) and when her daughter Euphrosyne was cared for, 1 (day) and when Pabous died, 2 (days) and with her children to Gynaikon Nesos, with (her?) son Moschos, 3 (days) and to Soknopaiou Nesos \u2026 (day(s)?)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17043", "words": "12246", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Lefteratou, Anna", "title": "Erotic Magic in the Pulpit: Fictional and Historicist Contexts of Gregory\u2019s Panegyric of Cyprian (Or. 24)", "date": "2025", "keywords": "acts; anna; antioch; audience; bishop; christian; conversion; cyprian; eds; erotic; fiction; greek; gregory; lefteratou; life; magic; narrative; nicene; oration; pagan; preacher; roman; story; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "15 Mossay, Gr\u00e9goire 9, 13\u201314, \u201cing\u00e9nuit\u00e9\u201d; Petruccione, REA 36 (1990) 229, an \u201chistorical error\u201d; J. A. McGuckin, St Gregory of Nazianzus: An Intellectual Biography (Crestwood 2001) 251, \u201csomething of a disaster\u201d; Dunn, in Martyrdom and Persecution 71, speaks of conflation; C. A. Beeley, Gregory of Nazianzus on the Trinity and the Knowledge of God (Oxford 2008) 36, a \u201cblunder.\u201d See also Beeley, Gregory 16\u201327, on the importance of Antioch in Gregory's formation and his theological beliefs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17045", "words": "9375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Ravani, Alberto", "title": "Outlining the Iliad in the Komnenian Age: Between Trojan Matter and Achilles\u2019 Wrath", "date": "2025", "keywords": "account; achilles; byzantine; century; end; eustathios; events; greek; homer; homeric; iliad; isaac; manasses; matter; narrative; poem; ravani; scholia; studies; trojan; trojan war; tzetzes; war; works; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "For this reading of the title see M. Cardin, \u201cTeaching Homer through (annotated) Poetry,\u201d in R. C. Simms (ed.), Prequels, Sequels and Retellings of Clas- 138 OUTLINING THE ILIAD IN THE KOMNENIAN AGE \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 127\u2013153 of the war, as stated in the proem (1.1\u20136, 17\u201319): \u1f08\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u00b5\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u00b5\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f38\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf \u1f14\u03bd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5, \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u1f51\u03c6\u2019 \u1f21\u00b5\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u1fc3\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2, \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u1fc6\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b4\u2019 \u1f10\u03c0\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5, \u1f10\u03be \u1f45\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u00b5\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03b3\u1f78\u03bd The great toil of the arduous Iliadic war tell, Calliope, through our songs, from the beginning sing and search through to the end, from when Priam nurtured havoc for the Trojans, wretched ill-Paris, cause of this evil war, whom the mind of glorious Homer did not tell \u2026 and sing also the wooden horse of Epeios, destroyer of cities, until it destroyed the mighty walls of Troy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17047", "words": "10350", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Krallis, Dimitris", "title": "Impersonal Governance in Byzantium: Bureaucracy, Friendship, and Psellos\u2019 Letters", "date": "2025", "keywords": "99\u2013126; byzantine; byzantium; friendship; governance; greek; justice; krallis; krites; letters; medieval; michael; officials; personal; polity; psellos; roman; state; studies", "summary": "What work has been done in the direction of the study of net- 36 F. Bernard, \u201cEducational Networks in the Letters of Michael Psellos,\u201d in M. Jeffreys et al. (ed.), The Letters of Psellos: Cultural Networks and Historical Realities (Oxford 2017) 13\u201341. 44 F. Bernard, \u201cMichael Psellos,\u201d in A. Riehle (ed.), A Companion to Byzantine Epistolography (Boston 2020) 131\u2013135, for Psellos\u2019 favour-seeking 45 For Psellos as a letter-writer see Bernard, in A Companion to Byzantine Epistolography 125\u2013127, for a survey of relevant scholarship.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17054", "words": "10138", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Cattafi, Eleonora", "title": "The Choice between Finite and Non-finite Relative Clauses: Participial Strategy in Documentary Papyri", "date": "2025", "keywords": "a.d; article; attributive; case; cattafi; clauses; constructions; documentary; finite; greek; head; iii; new; noun; papyri; participial; participle; relative; roman; studies; subject; testament; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 494\u2013522 557 petitions, and 2356 contracts, which have been linguistically annotated for the purposes of this investigation.20 I will take as a starting point the current debate around par- ticiples as a relativisation strategy (\u00a71) and apply it to Greek doc- umentary papyri, establishing the degree of equivalence between participial and finite relative clauses (\u00a72) and describing the types of participial relative clauses attested in papyri (\u00a73), also in rela- tion to the presence and the position of the article (\u00a74). Typological overview about participles and relativisation Some preliminary aspects about participial relative clauses need to be addressed: first, whether it is possible to interpret the status of participles as equivalent to finite relative clauses and, second, if a comparison is possible, which specific types of par- ticiples correspond to them in Ancient Greek.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17058", "words": "3032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Throness, Devon", "title": "Chiasmus in the Ignatian Inscription to the Romans", "date": "2025", "keywords": "antioch; chiasmus; greek; ignatius; inscription; jesus; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u1f30\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "Others who hold that the letters are later forgeries: Robert Joly, Le dossier d\u2019Ignace d\u2019Antioche (Brussels 1979); Reinhard H\u00fcbner, \u201cThesen zur Echtheit und Datierung der sieben Briefe des Ignatius von Antiochien,\u201d ZAC 1 (1997) 48\u201350; Thomas Lechner, Ignatius T 220 CHIASMUS IN THE IGNATIAN INSCRIPTION \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 219\u2013228 to the authorship of the Ignatian epistles, for convenience, the writer will be referred to as \u2018Ignatius\u2019. Some who favor an authentic collection: Virginia Corwin, St. Ignatius and Christianity in Antioch (New Haven 1960) 8; William R. Schoedel, \u201cAre the Letters of Ignatius of Antioch Authentic?\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17070", "words": "8022", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Valori, Ugo", "title": "Unifying Fragments of Byzantine Scholarship: Stephanos\u2019 Commentary on Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric", "date": "2025", "keywords": "154\u2013175; aristotle; author; byzantine; century; commentaries; commentary; eds; fragment; glosses; greek; manuscript; michael; rhet; rhetoric; stephanos; studies; text", "summary": "On the Neoplatonic schools and their \u2018choice\u2019 of Hermogenes see G. L. Kustas, Studies in Byzantine Rhetoric (Thessa- loniki 1973) 5\u201326; G. A. Kennedy, \u201cLater Greek Philosophy and Rhetoric,\u201d Many studies in Greek palaeography and Byzantine philology, in fact, have shown that informal drafts of Byzantine works (especially scholarly and exegetical works) circulated within an inner circle of fellows and pupils.65 At that stage, they were not complete and could still be susceptible to further corrections and improvements.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17073", "words": "10808", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Ojennus, Paul", "title": "Apollonius Rhodius and the Stoic Doctrine of the Emotions", "date": "2025", "keywords": "188\u2013218; aeetes; anger; apollonius; argonautica; chrysippus; doctrine; emotions; epic; greek; heracles; homeric; idas; jason; judgments; medea; mind; model; ojennus; philosophy; soul; studies; telamon; \u1f00\u00b5\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b7", "summary": "Idas\u2019 model of thoughts and emotions and early Stoicism The exchange at Pagasae is programmatic, presenting models of thought and emotion that Apollonius contrasts throughout the epic. 202 APOLLONIUS AND THE STOIC DOCTRINE OF EMOTIONS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 188\u2013218 sion; this assignment is a \u201cthought\u201d (\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2).51 Second, emotions are incorrect judgments; when Idas thinks Jason may be afraid, he understands a cognitive error on Jason\u2019s part: Jason under- estimates his, Idas\u2019, help.52 This doctrine was always contro- versial, but the controversy was exacerbated in the middle of the third century by Chrysippus\u2019 emphasis on the identity of judg- ments and emotions,53 and continued throughout the Hellenistic period.54 Third, since emotions are identified with incorrect judgments, they may be remedied by correcting their cognitive basis, as Idas encourages Jason by explaining why he need not be afraid.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17074", "words": "7917", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Cavarzeran, Jacopo; Mondini, Ugo", "title": "A Poem on the Fall of Thessaloniki", "date": "2025", "keywords": "cambridge; cavarzeran; city; fall; grammar; greek; ibankos; manuscript; mondini; poem; second; studies; thessaloniki; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Thess \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 268\u2013290 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ A Poem on the Fall of Thessaloniki Jacopo Cavarzeran and Ugo Mondini HE MANUSCRIPT Marcianus Graecus Z 529 (coll. 847) 270 A POEM ON THE FALL OF THESSALONIKI \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17075", "words": "4376", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Onur, Fatih", "title": "Rhodian Funerary Epigrams at Gagai (Lycia)", "date": "2025", "keywords": "1\u201314; adak; athena; funerary; gagai; greek; inscription; korydalla; lycian; phaselis; polis; rhodian; studies; tombs; und; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "The earliest archaeological remains in Rhodia Polis, the largest excavated city in this region, date to the Hellenistic period.18 But in a philological aspect, it has been suggested that the place name Wedr\u1ebdi19 on some Lycian coins minted between 390 and 370 B.C. and Wedre- on the Xanthian obelisk from around 400 may be Rhodia Polis, possibly asso- ciated with the word wedri, meaning \u201ccity,\u201d i.e. \u201cpolis,\u201d which appears in Lycian inscriptions at Rhodia Polis and in an inscrip- tion at Antiphellos.20 However, M\u00fcseler emphasises that this tions> the oracle Mopsos and his daughters Rhode, Melias and Pamphylia, after whom Mopsuestia, Rhodia in Lycia, and the region of Pamphylia were named; he how Pamphylia was colonised by the Hellenes\u201d). It is clear from Lycian inscriptions both at Rhodia Polis and near Korydalla, Gagai, and Olympos that Rhodian col- Perikle von Limyra?\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17079", "words": "11533", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Enache, C\u0103t\u0103lin", "title": "The Psychological Profile of the \u2018Decent Man\u2019 (\u1f00\u03bd\u1f74\u03c1 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2) in Platon\u2019s Politeia", "date": "2025", "keywords": "book; enache; expression; man; passage; people; phaidon; philosopher; plato; poetry; politeia; reason; sokrates; soul; state; studies; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "In this case, the expression \u2018decent man\u2019 would include in- dividuals who have effectively been trained as described in Books 2\u20133 and 5\u20137 of the Politeia. This suggests that \u2018decent people\u2019 are pre- cisely the public which the critique of poetry addresses.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17081", "words": "8454", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Fraser, Kyle", "title": "Hermetism and Hieratic Tradition in the De mysteriis of Iamblichus", "date": "2025", "keywords": "corp.herm; divine; egyptian; gods; greek; hermes; hermetic; iamblichus; myst; names; porphyry; power; ritual; roman; soul; studies; tradition; translation", "summary": "More specifically, the sounds of Egyptian names contain the energy of the very beings they name (\u1f10\u03bd\u1f73\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u00b5\u1f73\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd)\u2014a clear reminder of the ideographic dimensions of the hieroglyphic script.54 While the term \u1f10\u03be\u1f77\u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 is not especially rare, our sources use it in precisely the same\u2014rather idiosyncratic\u2014context: a discussion of the ritual power of Egyptian names.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17088", "words": "4088", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Fiori, Simone", "title": "Unripe Grapes in Ancient Lexica: A New Fragment of Attic Drama? ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "comedy; fragment; grapes; greek; lexicon; orus; studies; unripe; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u1ff6\u03c2; \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2; \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u1ff7; \u1f44\u00b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1", "summary": "Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 176\u2013187 edition of TrGF could easily retain the transmitted textual facies (\u03c0\u1ff6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f44\u00b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u1ff7), while the editors of a new PCG should seriously consider changing it to \u03c0\u1ff6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f44\u00b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u27e8\u03c2\u27e9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03b3\u1ff7. Fiori \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 176\u2013187 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Unripe Grapes in Ancient Lexica: A New Fragment of Attic Drama?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17094", "words": "4671", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Pinto, Massimo", "title": "Thucydides 4.92.5: A Quotation from Sophocles\u2019 Philoctetes?", "date": "2025", "keywords": "343\u2013354; athenians; cambridge; greek; pagondas; philoctetes; quotation; sophocles; speech; strength; studies; thucydides; \u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2; \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5; \u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c2", "summary": "23 Sophocles\u2019 parallel was simply mentioned in 19th-century commentaries on Thucydides: S. T. Bloomfield, The History of Thucydides II (London 1829) 342; K. W. Kr\u00fcger, \u0398\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03c5\u03b4\u1f77\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u1f75 I.2 (Berlin 1846) 202 MASSIMO PINTO 345 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 343\u2013354 objective is the destruction of Boeotia (4.92.1, \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u0392\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u2026 \u00b5\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd) and the enslavement of all Greeks (4.92.4, \u00b5\u1f74 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c0\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9).5 According to Thucydides, however, the core argument of Pa- gondas\u2019 speech was as follows: if the Boeotians decide against the assault, the Athenians will unleash their usual predatory violence (4.92.4, \u1f10\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b2\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f21\u00b5\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u1f15\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd); on the other hand, an unexpected attack on the very edge of the aggressors\u2019 land would cause the latter serious difficulty and give the Boe- otians a chance to win (4.92.5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17095", "words": "7765", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Is\u00e9py, Peter; La Barbera, Paola", "title": "Cyril\u2019s Glossary as a Source for the Lexicon of Ps.-Zonaras ", "date": "2025", "keywords": "alpers; attizistische; author; cent; cyril; das; greek; lexicon; manuscripts; naoumides; paris.gr; ps.-zonaras; source; studies; tittmann; vat.gr; version; witnesses; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6", "summary": "On a literal reading, the imperfect \u1f26\u03bd suggests that the altar, destroyed in the plundering raid of 1204 as witnessed by Niketas 2 On the Lexicon of Ps.-Zonaras see generally Tittmann, Iohannis Zonarae Lexicon; Alpers, RE 10A (1972) 732\u2013763; M. Naoumides, \u201cThe Shorter Version of Pseudo-Zonaras, Lexicon,\u201d in John L. Heller (ed.), Serta Turyniana: Studies in Greek Literature and Palaeography in Honor of Alexander Turyn (Urbana 1974) 436\u2013488; Alpers, Das attizistische Lexikon 3\u201355, and \u201cZonarae Lexicon,\u201d Neue Pauly 12.2 (2002) 831. 1204\u20131261 (Oxford 1975) 279\u2013296, and \u201cByzantium in Exile,\u201d in David Abulafia (ed.),", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17097", "words": "7043", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Vedeshkin, Mikhail A.", "title": "The Authorship of De Diis et Mundo: Old Problem, New Solution", "date": "2025", "keywords": "229\u2013245; author; century; damascius; diis; emperor; gods; greek; julian; late; pagan; proclus; roman; sallustius; studies; time; treatise", "summary": "16 R. \u00c9tienne, \u201cFlavius Sallustius et Secundus Salutius,\u201d REA 65 (1963) 104\u2013113. 17 E.g. the most influential PLRE I 796 \u201cSallustius 1.\u201d 18 Bowersock, Julian the Apostate 125. Thanks to F. Cumont, Sallustius\u2019 work became known as a \u2018pagan catechism\u2019, a summary of the foundations of the teach- ing of the new pagan \u2018church\u2019 created by the Apostate,2 a kind of positive supplement to the emperor\u2019s anti-Christian treatise Contra Galileos.3 Over the past century, this hypothesis has become almost universally accepted.4 1 Sallustius: Concerning the Gods and the Universe (Cambridge 1926) 2 F. Cumont, \u201cSalluste le philosophe,\u201d RevPhil 16 (1892) 49\u201356, at 54\u201355.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17098", "words": "8620", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Skalec, Aneta", "title": "XM\u0393 (\u03d8\u0398) in Late Antique Documentary Papyri from the Hermopolites", "date": "2025", "keywords": "6th; bgu; cent; century; coptic; documents; greek; half; hermopolite; letters; p.lond; papyri; receipt; studies; symbol; x\u03bc\u03b3; \u03c7\u0323\u00b5\u03b3", "summary": "Except for pp.24, 43, 47, and fr.2 the X\u039c\u0393 \u03d8\u0398 or X\u039c\u0393 symbol was placed at the top of each written page of the codex. It appears that the sequence X\u039c\u0393 \u03d8\u0398 be- gan to be used in the 5th century, both in the Hermopolites and elsewhere.67 The first two examples of X\u039c\u0393 \u03d8\u0398 in certainly dated Her- 64 JJP 32 (2002) 21 (X\u039c\u0393 \u03d8\u0398 [ ] \u2020X\u039c\u0393 \u03d8\u0398 \u2020\u2020), BKU III.1 336 (\u2020 X\u039c\u0393), O.Crum ST 172 ([ ] X\u039c\u0393 [ ] X\u039c\u0393 \u2ce8 \u2ce8 \u2ce8).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-171", "words": "12852", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Nieddu, Gian Franco", "title": "A Poet at Work: The Parody of Helen in the Thesmophoriazusae", "date": "2004", "keywords": "andromeda; aristophanes; audience; che; composition; del; der; die; donne; euripides; form; franco; gian; greek; helen; kannicht; ka\u2039; lines; menelaus; m\u00a2n; new; nieddu; paratragodia; poet; poetry; rau; relative; scene; text; thesm; time; words; work; writing", "summary": "Rostagni 17 (2001) 127\u2013135, at 131, the scene of Agathon takes us back \u201ca un\u2019oralit\u00e0 legata al contesto comunicativo tea- trale\u201d\u2014rather than to an orality of composition (Herington, Poetry): in this scene the poet will try out \u201cl\u2019effetto che doveva ottenere l\u2019esecuzione pubblica del suo canto, esercitando una sorta di \u2018controllo acustico\u2019 sul testo dram- matico.\u201d 14 Frr.208 (lhre\u203aw \u00b6xvn: gr\u00e3f' a\u00c8t\u00dan | \u00a7n \u00a7peisod\u00a4\u0192. 918\u2013919, s\u00c1 t\u00d8n \u00a7m\u00d8n guna\u203aka kvl\u00caeiw \u00a7m\u00b0, | t\u00d8n Tund\u00e3reion pa\u203ad', \u00a7p\u2039 Sp\u00e3rthn \u00eagein; GIAN FRANCO NIEDDU 349 What clearly emerges from the framework that we have de- scribed is that Aristophanes does not limit himself to quoting verses in a more or less literal manner, but in parallel carries out a series of operations which redesign the model text: (1) he excises whatever he deems irrelevant and unnecessary58 or per- haps even too complex;59 (2) he summarises a lengthy account in a line;60 (3) he inverts the sequence of the quotations;61 (4) he compresses distinct scenes and juxtaposes lines that in the original belong to different contexts.62 With indisputable efficacy the result of his work is bent to comic use and selectively altered to fit the parodic game.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17108", "words": "11271", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Gousopoulos, Dimitrios", "title": "Homer's Polyphemus and Modern Tales: A Fresh Reading of Old Arguments", "date": "2025", "keywords": "cyclops; episode; folktales; greek; hackman; homeric; myth; narrative; odysseus; odyssey; oral; polyphemus; ring; stories; story; studies; tales; tradition; version; years", "summary": "Nowadays a growing number of voices advocate a more cautious approach to the value of the various com- paranda in these tales.55 Page\u2019s thesis that the Polyphemus epi- sode reconciles two earlier folktales seems in recent years to be treated also with increasing caution\u2014because it is disputed not so much that Homer composed Polyphemus story in the context of a folk tradition, but that the folktales in question were once stand-alone stories, and can, with some probability, be recon- structed through comparanda. This is not to say that pre-Homeric stories or folktales featuring a hero killing a villain, a monster hiding in a cave, a pun on a name, or an adventurous escape by trickery did not exist.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1711", "words": "4277", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Scholtz, Andrew", "title": "Aphrodite Pandemos at Naukratis", "date": "2003", "keywords": "aphrodite; cult; epithet; greek; m\u00f6ller; naukratis; pandemos; polis; supra; temenos", "summary": "7 Little indication of Athenian involvement at early Naukratis: M\u00f6ller 47, 123. 8 For civic Pandemos, see 233\u2013234 and n.14 infra; for Athenian Pandemos, V. Pirenne-Delforge, L\u2019Aphrodite grecque (Athens/Li\u00e8ge 1994) The heavenly one is the Phoenician Queen of Heaven, and Pandemos is literally the one who embraces the whole people as the common bond and fellow feeling necessary for the existence of any state.13 This civic-integrative explanation of Aphrodite Pandemos (i.e., as sponsor of synoecism and/or political cohesion), and 9 Cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17121", "words": "15378", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Briasco, Livia", "title": "Graphic Skills and Literacy in Greek in Sixth-Century Aphrodito: The Issuers of Contracts and Petitions", "date": "2025", "keywords": "ante; aphrodito; apollos; aurelius; briasco; byzantine; greek; handwriting; iii; ioannes; issuers; literacy; literate; notae; p.cair.masp; phoibammon; roman; skills; son; studies; victor", "summary": "tenant TM Per 408030 + 415586 Ioannes 123 + Ioannes 174 NOTAE Per 4204 B 85 Aurelius Ioannes son of Hermauos 552 tenant TM Per 408249 Ioannes 186 \u2013 A LIVIA BRIASCO 569 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 NOTAE Per 3286 C1 102 Aurelius Isak son of Psentaesis 527 shepherd TM Per 408398 Isak(i)(os) 18 \u2013 A 103 Aurelius Isak son of Victor 514 monazon and tenant TM Per 186864 Isak(i)(os) 16", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17148", "words": "11264", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Dogaer, Nico", "title": "The Impact of Rome on Egyptian Industry and Trade", "date": "2025", "keywords": "beer; bgu; dogaer; egypt; evidence; greek; iii; industry; oil; period; ptolemaic; ptolemies; roman; state; studies; tax; trade; vii; weavers", "summary": "13 O.Z\u00fcrich 44 (TM 50848). 360 THE IMPACT OF ROME \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 355\u2013385 ject to a special fiscal regime.14 Additional papyri mentioning a safflower prohibition published in the meantime are BGU XV 2484 (TM 26494); P.Coll.Youtie I 27 (TM 10570); P.Diog. 26", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-17151", "words": "10345", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kurpios, Marcin", "title": "Nature, Nurture, and the Harmful Effects of Stoic Teaching in Plutarch\u2019s Life of Cleomenes", "date": "2025", "keywords": "affective; agis; cleomenes; development; good; greek; king; kurpios; lives; marcin; nature; nurture; passage; personality; plutarch; sphaerus; studies; teaching; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u00b5\u03af\u03b1; \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2", "summary": "Kurpios \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 466\u2013493 ISSN 2159-3159 Article copyright held by the author(s) and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Nature, Nurture, and the Harmful Effects of Stoic Teaching in Plutarch\u2019s Life of Cleomenes Marcin Kurpios HE UNIQUE DOUBLE PAIR of the Lives of Agis and Cleomenes and Tiberius and Gaius Gracchi constitutes a vast treasure trove of insights into Plutarch\u2019s biographical project. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 65 (2025) 466\u2013493 This paper focuses on Plutarch\u2019s depiction of the develop- ment, structure, and manifestations of Cleomenes\u2019 personality in the Life of Cleomenes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1721", "words": "8673", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Bing, Peter", "title": "Posidippus and the Admiral: Kallikrates of Samos in the Milan Epigrams", "date": "2003", "keywords": "a.-b; admiral; aphrodite; arsinoe; cult; dedication; egypt; epigram; g.-p; greek; kallikrates; ka\u2039; lyre; philadelphus; poem; posidippus; ptolemaic; ptolemy; sea; shrine; temple; victory", "summary": "PETER BING 263 n\u00c6souw t' afigialo\u00caw y' \u00e8limur\u00b0aw, \u00b6nya l\u00a4geian \u00e9n\u00b0rew \u00c9Orfe\u00a4hn \u00a7kt\u00b0risan kefal\u00c6n, LSJ s.v. \u00a7f\u00b0lkv III.2 and 5). 15 Cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1731", "words": "10821", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "89", "author": "De Groote, Marc", "title": "The Paraphrasis of Joannes Geometres' Metaphrasis of the Odes", "date": "2003", "keywords": "add; a\u00e8to\u00e1w; a\u00e8to\u00eb; a\u00e8t\u00abn; cod; dan; doj\u00e3zoite; efiw; geometres; groote; g\u00e5r; ka\u2039; kur\u00a4ou; k\u00eariow; lsj; marc; metaphrasis; mou; m\u00abn; ofl; o\u00e2w; paraphrasis; paris; p\u00e3nta; scripsi; soi; sou; t!w; term\u00e3tvn; to\u00e1w; to\u00eb; to\u203aw; t\u00abn; t\u00f8n; t\u00fan; xri; yeo\u00eb; ye\u00faw; \u00edco\u00ebte", "summary": "420 ka\u2039 sugkat!lye to\u00cb yeo\u00cb parast\u00e3thw faidr\u00daw =ife\u203asi to\u203aw n\u00b0oiw efiw t\u00d8n fl\u00d2ga, ka\u2039 \u00a7ktin\u00e3ssei t!w kam\u00a4nou t\u00d8n fl\u00d2ga: m\u00b0son d\u00a2 pne\u00cbma t!w kam\u00a4nou pne\u203a dr\u00d2sou, c\u00caxon ti terpn\u00dan ka\u2039 sur\u00a4zon \u00b1r\u00b0ma: 425 \u00b6flejen o\u00c8d\u00b0n, 32:5: 'm\u00e3rtosan o\u00c8k a\u00c8t\u201c t\u00b0kna mvmht\u00e3 75 Dt. 32:8: \u02dcte diem\u00b0rizen \u0131 \u00cfcistow \u00b6ynh 86f Dt. 32:11: \u2026w \u00e9et\u00daw skep\u00e3sai nossi\u00e5n a\u00c8to\u00cb ka\u2039 \u00a7p\u2039 to\u203aw neosso\u203aw a\u00c8to\u00cb \u00a7pep\u00d2yhsen, die\u2039w t\u00e5w pt\u00b0rugaw a\u00c8to\u00cb \u00a7d\u00b0- jato a\u00c8to\u00c1w ka\u2039 \u00e9n\u00b0laben a\u00c8to\u00c1w \u00a7p\u2039 t\u00abn metafr\u00b0nvn a\u00c8to\u00cb 105f Dt. 32:17: kaino\u2039 pr\u00d2sfatoi \u00a5kasin, o\u00d3w o\u00c8k \u00e6deisan ofl pa- t\u00b0rew a\u00c8t\u00abn 110 Dt. 32:19: ka\u2039 parvj\u00canyh di' \u00d9rg\u00d8n ufl\u00abn a\u00c8to\u00cb ka\u2039 yuga- t\u00b0rvn 113\u20139 Dt. 32:20f: ka\u2039 de\u00a4jv t\u00a4 \u00b6stai a\u00c8to\u203aw \u00a7p' \u00a7sx\u00e3tvn: \u02dcti gene\u00e5 \u00a7jestramm\u00b0nh \u00a7st\u00a4n, uflo\u00a4, o\u00c2w o\u00c8k \u00b6stin p\u00a4stiw \u00a7n a\u00c8to\u203aw.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1741", "words": "5683", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Curbera, Jaime; Jordan, David", "title": "Curse Tablets from Pydna", "date": "2003", "keywords": "athens; bechtel; century; curbera; curse; david; greek; jaime; jordan; macedonian; names; pydna; tablets; tataki; text", "summary": "Most names are known in the region and several are typically Macedonian.23 Tp6xa<; (2, 8) was so far documented only in Boeotia/4 where names in 'tpox\u00ad are frequent.25 The names AuyKropi'ta<; (1), f\u00a3_!la<; (3), and Oprot\u00ad <5uo<; (3) are new. VOU Fig. 3 7 ~or~ 8 vel [Kl:11cria<; 10 AAAOL:IIEPE tab.;~: V directly above II The overall structure, again a list of names with no verb of cursing but with a generalizing phrase at the end, is common on curse tablets, especially in the fourth century, as examples from Attica, Lesbos, and Epizephyrian Locri show.14 Here the final phrase refers to the allies of a single person (hdvou), the 14AUICA {a selection): DTWii 21: names (nom.) + \u00a3vavtia autiin c:[t]vat ana. vta; 35: names (nom.)+ 1t<", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1751", "words": "11104", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Heath, Malcolm", "title": "Theon and the History of the Progymnasmata", "date": "2003", "keywords": "antirrhesis; athanasius; century; evidence; heath; hermagoras; hermogenes; hypothesis; nicolaus; progymnasmata; rhetoric; sopater; speech; suda; supra; text; theon", "summary": "Theon The basic evidence for the identification of the author of the Progymnasmata is provided by the Suda (Y 206): Aelius Theon, of Alexandria, was a sophist who wrote an Art, and On Pro- gymnasmata (or possibly an Art on Progymnasmata) as well as commentaries on Xenophon, Isocrates, and Demosthenes, and \u2014\u2014\u2014 Mos\u00e9 Corenese,\u201d RendIstLomb 103 (1969) 78\u201384, claims that the text in Marc. If this Theon is identical with the Alexandrian sophist Aelius Theon, the author of the Progymnasmata (Y 206), then we have two entries for the same person derived from different sources, just as in the case of Nicolaus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1761", "words": "4655", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "Icons and Relics: a Comparison", "date": "2003", "keywords": "efik\u00f2na; elisha; god; hands; icon; image; ka\u2039; man; relics; word; word icon", "summary": "A considerable quan- tity of these had already been acquired by and deposited in the city of Constantine by that time; there is no reliable evidence that any of them were ever attacked or their efficacy called in question by the iconoclasts.1 Implicit in the argument (though not examined in that article) was the assumption that relic and icon were distinguished from each other in some very basic way (or ways) at that time. \u201d Megal\u00ea Hellenik\u00ea Egkyklopaideia 2 10 (Athens 1957) 899 col. 3. Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 43 (2002/3) 161\u2013174 \u00a9 2003 GRBS 162 ICONS AND RELICS These curiosities are exceptions, however, and should be set aside; for the most part the holy objects of Byzantium fall very clearly into one of two categories: icons (portrayals) and relics (things).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1771", "words": "14627", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Pontani, Filippomaria", "title": "Musurus\u2019 Creed", "date": "2003", "keywords": "aldine; ambr; book; christ; creed; cum; edition; efiw; esp; expl; filippomaria; form; greek; hahn; homeric; inc; ka\u2039; lascaris; line; manuscript; musurus; nonnus; note; ode; par; paraphrase; plat; poem; pontani; rome; scholia; scholiis; scribe; supra; symbolum; t!w; text; to\u00eb; t\u00abn; t\u00fan; und; venice", "summary": "Ka\u2039 efiw \u00dfna k\u00carion \u00c9Ihso\u00cbn Xrist\u00dan t\u00dan ufl\u00dan to\u00cb yeo\u00cb t\u00dan monogen!, t\u00dan \u00a7k to\u00cb patr\u00daw gennhy\u00b0nta pr\u00da p\u00e3ntvn t\u00abn afinvn, f\u00abw \u00a7k fvt\u00d2w, ye\u00dan \u00e9lhyin\u00dan \u00a7k yeo\u00cb \u00e9lhyino\u00cb, gennhy\u00b0nta o\u00c8 poihy\u00b0nta, \u0131moo\u00casion t\u201c patr\u00a4, di' o( t\u00e5 p\u00e3nta \u00a7g\u00b0neto: t\u00dan di' #m\u00e7w to\u00c1w \u00e9nyrpouw ka\u2039 di\u00e5 t\u00d8n #met\u00b0ran svthr\u00a4an katel- y\u00d2nta \u00a7k t\u00abn o\u00c8ran\u00abn ka\u2039 sarkvy\u00b0nta \u00a7k pne\u00camatow \u00e9g\u00a4ou ka\u2039 Mar\u00a4aw t!w pary\u00b0nou ka\u2039 \u00a7nanyrvp\u00c6santa, staurvy\u00b0nta te \u00cdp\u00a2r #m\u00abn \u00a7p\u2039 Pont\u00a4ou Pil\u00e3tou ka\u2039 pay\u00d2nta ka\u2039 taf\u00b0nta ka\u2039 \u00e9nast\u00e3nta t\u00aa tr\u00a4t\u02d9 #m\u00b0r& kat\u00e5 t\u00e5w graf\u00e5w ka\u2039 \u00e9nely\u00d2nta efiw to\u00c1w o\u00c8rano\u00c1w ka\u2039 kayez\u00d2menon \u00a7k deji\u00abn to\u00cb patr\u00daw ka\u2039 p\u00e3lin \u00a7rx\u00d2menon met\u00e5 d\u00d2jhw kr\u203anai z\u00abntaw ka\u2039 nekro\u00caw: o( t!w basile\u00a4aw o\u00c8k \u00b6stai t\u00b0low. A nice albeit short selection of the most important texts published by Hahn was provided by H. Lietzmann, Symbole der alten Kirche2 (Bonn 1914). 192 MUSURUS\u2019 CREED (1) Musurus (just like Mamunas) does not follow the Catholic version with the much-disputed addition of Filioque towards the end of the symbolum:42 line 38 \u00a7k s\u00b0yen \u00a7kpro\u00dbo\u00cbsa clearly shows that for Musurus the Holy Ghost proceeds directly from the Father alone, not from the Son.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1781", "words": "2801", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kohn, Thomas D.", "title": "The Tragedies of Ezekiel", "date": "2003", "keywords": "exagoge; ezekiel; fragments; jacobson; moses; play; polyhistor", "summary": "In order to obviate the seeming violations of the Unities, I would suggest the following division of the fragments of Ezekiel into plays. According to Polyhistor, Ezekiel next spoke of the watering of the animals and the marriage of Moses and Sepphora.13 Then two lines of dialogue are quoted, in which Sepphora discloses to Chum, a figure not from the Bible, her betrothal to Moses (66\u201367).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1791", "words": "6325", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Beneker, Jeffrey", "title": "No Time for Love: Plutarch\u2019s Chaste Caesar", "date": "2003", "keywords": "alexander; caesar; chapter; character; cleopatra; life; lives; love; plutarch; relationship; suetonius; time", "summary": "In his Alexander-Caesar, Plutarch for the most part follows the tra- dition for Alexander, but for Caesar he has deliberately minimized the role played by Caesar\u2019s lovers and his sexual appetite, making him more like Alexander and concentrating on his single-minded quest for political and military domination. When we compare Plutarch\u2019s version with that of Suetonius (Iul. 2), who allows Caesar more time with the king, we uncover what Plutarch might have left unsaid: Caesar did his first military service in Asia as an aide to Marcus Thermus, the praetor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1801", "words": "7602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Burrell, Barbara", "title": "Temples of Hadrian, not Zeus", "date": "2003", "keywords": "asia; athens; cities; city; cyriacus; emperor; ephesos; esp; god; hadrian; kyzikos; neokoros; olympia; olympieion; smyrna; supra; temple; zeus", "summary": "Temples of Hadrian, not Zeus Barbara Burrell HE EMPEROR HADRIAN was notably generous toward the cities of his Empire, and in return, they gave him theThighest honors of which they were capable, including temples to his worship. I consider here three cities of the province Asia\u2014Kyzikos, Smyrna, and Ephesos\u2014each of which Hadrian allowed to build such a temple and to take the title neokoros, \u201ctemple warden.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-181", "words": "11776", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Bolmarcich, Sarah", "title": "Thucydides 1.19.1 and the Peloponnesian League", "date": "2005", "keywords": "aetolians; allies; athenian; athens; exiles; greek; league; oath; oligarchy; peace; peloponnesian; sparta; spartans; states; tegea; terms; thucydides; treaties; treaty", "summary": "Although the evidence of these last two passages is only indirect, the establishment of oligarchies is associated with Spartan peace treaties, as is the oath of the Peloponnesian League. This combination of evidence suggests that Spartan peace treaties were unusual documents, both in the terms they used and as public Spartan documents, and in fact they shed a great deal of light on Spartan diplomacy and the Peloponnesian League.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1811", "words": "9537", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Fisher, Elizabeth A.", "title": "Planoudes, Holobolos, and the Motivation for Translation", "date": "2003", "keywords": "boethius; burton; byzantine; century; consolatione; dtd; elizabeth; fisher; greek; holobolos; ka\u2039; language; latin; literature; motives; nikitas; papathomopoulos; philosophiae; philosophy; planoudes; rhetoric; scholars; supra; t!w; to\u00eb; translation; t\u00abn; t\u00f8n; works", "summary": "Di\u00e3 toi ta\u00cbta t\u00d8n \u00cdmet\u00b0ran, \u0152 fil\u00d2thw, \u00a7pitag\u00d8n \u00a7kplhr\u00abn ka\u2039 xari\u00b0ntvw t\u00dan \u00cdp\u00a2r ta\u00cathw m\u00d2xyon \u00e9nadex\u00d2menow, t\u00d8n to\u00cb Lat\u00a4nou Boet\u00a4ou Per\u2039 t\u00d2pvn dialektik\u00abn pragmate\u00a4an spoudazom\u00b0nhn par\u00c9 \u00c9Italo\u203aw, t!w to\u00catvn fvn!w \u00e9poyl\u00a4caw pr\u00daw t\u00d8n \u2022llhn\u00a4da metapep\u00d2r- ymeuka, \u00a7j \u00e9griela\u00a4ou \u00ean tiw e\u2021p\u02d9 di\u00e3 te t\u00da m\u00d8 t\u00abn l\u00b0jevn g\u00d2nimon ka\u2039 t\u00da t!w fr\u00e3sevw xyamal\u00d2n, pr\u00daw t\u00d8n kalli\u00b0laion metegkentr\u00a4saw, 90 PLANOUDES, HOLOBOLOS, AND TRANSLATION t\u00d8n $met\u00b0ran fhm\u2039 lektik\u00c6n, t\u00d8n \u00e9eiyal! \u00b5 \u02dcti mur\u00a4ouw \u00e9pot\u00b0koi pa\u203adaw, k\u00edn pantel\u00abw t\u00da g!raw \u00b1gn\u00d2hsen, \u00a7peid\u00d8 ka\u2039 t\u00d8n \u00e9yanas\u00a4an \u00eanvyen \u00a7klhrsato. 13.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1821", "words": "10178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Stevenson, Walter", "title": "Sozomen, Barbarians, and Early Byzantine Historiography", "date": "2003", "keywords": "barbarians; century; christian; christianity; church; constantinople; conversion; court; der; die; discussion; ethnography; eusebius; evangelism; herodotus; historians; historiography; history; interest; ka\u2039; monks; saracens; socrates; sozomen; stevenson; supra; theodoret; time; world", "summary": "met\u00e5 d\u00a2 ta\u00cbt\u00e3 tinew a\u00c8t\u00abn suggen\u00d2menoi \u00c9Iouda\u00a4oiw \u00b6mayon, \u00e9f' \u0153n \u00a7g\u00b0nonto, ka\u2039 \u00a7p\u2039 t\u00da suggen\u00a2w \u00a7pan#lyon ka\u2039 to\u203aw \u00d1Ebra\u00a4vn \u00b6yesi ka\u2039 n\u00d2moiw pros\u00b0yento. m\u00d2noiw to\u203aw \u00e9p' Afig\u00captou \u00a7jelyo\u00cbsin \u00a7nomoy\u00b0thsen... \u00a7politeu- onto ofl p\u00e3lai \u00d1Ebra\u203aoi pr\u00da t#w Mvs\u00b0vw nomoyes\u00a4aw \u00e9gr\u00e3foiw \u00b6yesi kexrhm\u00b0noi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1831", "words": "5862", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Liapis, Vayos", "title": "An Ancient Hypothesis to Rhesus, and Dicaearchus\u2019 Hypotheseis", "date": "2001", "keywords": "aristophanes; dicaearchus; hypothesis; ka\u2039; luppe; per\u2039; prologue; quotation; rhesus; rusten; seiw; supra; t\u00abn; wehrli; work", "summary": "instantly elucidates the meaning of the passage and the intention of its author: a quotation explicitly taken from Dicaearchus is used in order authoritatively to settle the problem of the two prologues once and for all; and \u00a7ktiy\u00b0nai is precisely an instance of the scholiastic jargon standardly used to indicate quotations from earlier scholars.12 9 The same sense of balance is present also in Hdt. An Ancient Hypothesis to Rhesus, and Dicaearchus\u2019 Hypotheseis Vayos Liapis N ANCIENT HYPOTHESIS to Rhesus purports to quote Dicaearchus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1841", "words": "11801", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Cook, Brad L.", "title": "Plutarch\u2019s Use of \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9: Narrative Design and Source in Alexander", "date": "2001", "keywords": "alexander; brad; character; citations; cook; getai; greatness; greek; hamilton; l \u00b0; legetai; life; lives; passages; pelling; plutarch; sources; stadter; supra; use", "summary": "Plutarch follows with l\u00b0getai and indirect state- 61 See on yum\u00d2w in Plutarch Stadter (supra n.4) 293; Shipley (supra n.1) 303; Mossman (supra n.48) The throne anecdote is the crowning touch, and Plutarch most certainly believes it, in every sense possible; he uses l\u00b0getai to mark the anecdote as an established fact.5 7 Plutarch is interested in illustrating Alexander\u2019s greatness in the face of physical challenges, but he is more interested in 56 At Persepolis; at Susa, Plutarch De.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1851", "words": "9395", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Lamoreaux, John C.", "title": "Theodore Abu Qurrah and John the Deacon", "date": "2001", "keywords": "arabic; cent; core; deacon; dialogues; god; greek; john; manuscript; preface; qurrah; theodore; works", "summary": "Sinai gr. 383 (10th or 11th cent.), with the shared core at ff.149\u2013154, preceded and followed by other works of Theodore 20 Parts of other works are now known to have been written not by Theodore but by other, named indi- viduals.33 Others are sometimes encountered in the manuscript tradition under different names (e.g., Theodore of Raithu).34 Others speak of Theodore in the third person (PG 97.1536D5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1861", "words": "9745", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Thorne, James A.", "title": "Warfare and Agriculture: The Economic Impact of Devastation in Classical Greece", "date": "2001", "keywords": "agriculture; athenians; athens; attica; days; devastation; enemy; evacuation; grain; hanson; invasions; land; property; thuc; time; warfare", "summary": "This figure will then represent a minimum figure for Athenian grain losses during each invasion. The overwhelming strength of invasion forces cowed de- fenders, and thus gave the invaders freedom to devastate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1871", "words": "2729", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Burke, Brendan", "title": "Anatolian Origins of the Gordian Knot Legend", "date": "2001", "keywords": "alexander; hittite; knot; legend; midas; red; story; wool", "summary": "The use of twisted colored cords of wool that are ritually cut, or sometimes attached to carriages, fastened in place by pegs perhaps made of cornel wood, are all details from Hittite sources that are again mentioned by the historians of Alexander when they describe the Gordian knot. We find more suggestive evidence in Hittite ritual texts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1881", "words": "9201", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Payne, Mark", "title": "Ecphrasis and Song in Theocritus\u2019 Idyll 1", "date": "2001", "keywords": "audience; bowl; daphnis; da\u00a4dalma; description; ecphrasis; goatherd; hunter; idyll; mark; object; payne; performance; poem; response; scene; scholia; song; supra; theocritus; thyrsis; woman; words", "summary": "The words of the cowherds, shepherds, and goatherds who arrive next are reported indirectly\u2014\u201ceveryone asked him what was the matter\u201d (81)\u2014and are followed by the appearance of Priapus. An introductory conversation between the two (1\u201314) sets the scene of their encounter, and is followed by a long speech by the goatherd (15\u201363) in which he describes a decorated bowl or kissubion (27\u201360) which he will give to Thyrsis if the latter will sing \u201cThe Sorrows of Daphnis\u201d for him.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1891", "words": "7455", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Wortley, john", "title": "Some Light on Magic and Magicians in Late Antiquity", "date": "2001", "keywords": "antiquity; bhg; christ; des; devil; john; life; magic; magicians; man; ship; sina\u00efte; sorcerer; story; tales; transl; wortley", "summary": "They might have some connection with ancient Egyptian religious folklore, but this is as yet by no means certain.3 They seem to have sprung into existence with Christian monachism itself for they were already circulating (in Coptic most likely) when the earliest collectors of monastic lore published Greek translations of some of the lore they had picked up during their travels in Egypt.4 Many more tales were garnered into the great collections of \u201cSayings of the Fathers\u201d (\u00c9Apofy\u00b0gmata Pat\u00b0rvn) made by the Egyptian monks themselves (at Sc\u00eat\u00ea) in the sixth century5 while in the seventh century John Moschos\u2019 Leim!n/Pratum Spirituale and the tales attributed to Anastasius the Sina\u00efte saw the light of day, both collections indicating that tales were emerging in 3 See J. Wortley, \u201cDeath, Judgement, Heaven and Hell in Byzantine \u2018Beneficial Tales,\u2019\u201d DOP 59 (2001) 53\u201369, at 63\u201364. Coislin 126 with French translation of tales 1\u2013215); critical edition (partial): Les Apophtegmes des P\u00e8res, Collection syst\u00e9matique, chapitres I\u2013IX , ed. J.-C. Guy and Bernard Flusin (SC 387 [Paris 1993, two vols.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1901", "words": "7276", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Hawkins, Tom", "title": "Seducing a Misanthrope: Timon the Philogynist in Aristophanes\u2019 Lysistrata", "date": "2001", "keywords": "aristophanes; atalanta; character; chorus; female; figure; hawkins; iambos; lysistrata; male; melanion; misanthrope; play; speech; supra; timon; women; world", "summary": "Second, even at moments of the strictest and most antagonistic gender separation, the aggressive rhetoric of both male and female characters contains the seeds of an eventual resolution.1 Melanion the misogynist and Timon the philogynist The choral sparring takes place mid-way through the play, when the women have already settled upon the sex strike, but 1 Important contributions to the study of women in comedy have been made by D. M. Bain, \u201cFemale Speech in Menander,\u201d Antichthon 18 (1984) The men begin by singing of Melanion, a youth who flees society in order to avoid marriage and never goes homeward (o\u2021kade) again on account of his hatred of women (781ff).2 The women reply with a song about Timon (805ff), who spitefully curses men but, surprisingly, likes women.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-191", "words": "5216", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Kelhoffer, James A.", "title": "John the Baptist\u2019s \u201cWild Honey\u201d and \u201cHoney\u201d in Antiquity", "date": "2005", "keywords": "1:6c; baptist; bees; honey; john; mark; matt; pliny; trees; wild; wilderness", "summary": "The preceding examination of wild bee honey in antiquity merits consideration in light of a comment of Andrew Dalby: \u201cHoney is to humans essentially a relish, a flavouring agent and 29 \u201cHoney\u201d produced by bees The cultivation of bee honey can be documented as early as the 26th or 25th century B.C.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1911", "words": "7690", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kelhoffer, James A.", "title": "The Apostle Paul and Justin Martyr on the Miraculous: A Comparison of Appeals to Authority", "date": "2001", "keywords": "apostle; christ; christian; cor; corinthians; dialogue; exorcisms; jesus; justin; ka\u2039; martyr; miracles; paul; power; spirit; to\u00eb", "summary": "As Betz observes (supra n.14: 131\u2013132), \u201cPaul, in a case of self-ironic exaggeration, makes use of this topos, reminding the Galatians of his initial efforts to proclaim the gospel of \u2018Jesus Christ [the] crucified\u2019 ( \u00c9Ihso\u00cbw Xrist\u00daw \u00a7staurvm\u00b0now ) to them.\u201d 168 PAUL AND JUSTIN MARTYR ON THE MIRACULOUS argument, he refers to \u201cthe one who grants the Spirit to you and is working miracles among you\u201d (\u0131 o\u00d4n \u00a7pixorhg\u00abn \u00cdm\u203an t\u00da pne\u00cbma ka\u2039 \u00a7nerg\u00abn dun\u00e3meiw \u00a7n \u00cdm\u203an , 3.5a). In understanding Paul\u2019s different statements on miracles, one must also take into account 1 Cor 12.9\u201310, which mentions or- dinary believers performing healings (xar\u00a4smata fiam\u00e3tvn) and other miracles (\u00a7nerg\u00c6mata dun\u00e3mevn).30", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1921", "words": "4795", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Jones, Christopher P.", "title": "Apollonius of Tyana's Passage to India", "date": "2001", "keywords": "account; apollonius; babylon; city; damis; euphrates; india; ninos; passage; philostratus; tyana", "summary": "Philostratus makes Apollonius meet Damis in Syrian Hierapolis, just before he crosses the Euphrates, and the author\u2019s geographical knowledge drops off sharply after the party leaves Upper Mesopotamia, which in his own time (though not in Apol- lonius\u2019) lay within the Roman Empire. Thus N. C. Debevoise discussing Vardanes, the Parthian king at the time of Apollonius\u2019 visit: \u201cThe account of Philostratus suggests that Vardanes\u2019 territory was limited in extent, for Apollonius passed into Parthia after leaving Nineveh, which evidently belonged to Adiabene and hence to the kingdom of Gotarzes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1931", "words": "6851", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Wessel, Susan", "title": "Literary Forgery and the Monothelete Controversy: Some Scrupulous Uses of Deception", "date": "2001", "keywords": "aco; acts; book; constantinople; council; cyril; forgery; letter; orthodox; texts; truth; vigilius", "summary": "At the Sixth Ecumenical Council more than one hundred years later, the charge of forgery was similarly used by the Chal- cedonian bishops to defeat their opponents, the Monotheletes. From the Acts of the Sixth Ecumenical Council in Constantinople (680/1) we learn that the conciliar members were indeed willing to punish a forger by anathematizing him once they had firmly established his identity.4 That authorities at the Council in Trullo, in the absence of a perpetrator, punished the audience for the forged work suggests that they believed, unlike modern scholars, that an ecclesiastical offense had been committed if the audience was deceived by the forgery, regardless of the in- tent of the author.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1941", "words": "6889", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Bagnall, Roger S.", "title": "Monks and Property: Rhetoric, Law, and Patronage in the Apophthegmata Patrum and the Papyri", "date": "2001", "keywords": "abba; apophthegmata; bakatos; brother; cenobitic; collection; come; gelasios; greek; man; monk; property; roger; story", "summary": "Abba Gelasios, added to the alphabetic collection, may have helped to reassure monks that they should not apply the rhetoric of Sketis too literally to their corporate life. The usage of the Apophthegmata generally assumes that all Old Men are monks, but not all monks qualify for the title ger\u00f4n.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1951", "words": "6424", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Carney, Elizabeth D.", "title": "Women and Military Leadership in Pharaonic Egypt", "date": "2001", "keywords": "ahhotep; ahmose; dynasty; egyptian; king; leadership; military; new; role; royal; supra; women", "summary": "The following will be cited by authors\u2019 names alone: C. ALDRED, Jewels of the Pharaohs: Egyptian Jewelry of the Dynastic Period (New York 1971); W. VON BISSING, Ein thebanischer Grabfund aus dem Anfang des neuen Reiches (Berlin 1900); G. CALLENDER, \u201cA Critical Examination of the Reign of Hatshetsup,\u201d Ancient History: Resources for Teachers 18 (1988) 86\u2013102; R. MORKOT, \u201cViolent Images of Queenship and the Royal Cult,\u201d Wepwawet 2 (1986) 1\u20139; D. B. REDFORD, The History and Chronology of the Egyptian Eighteenth Dynasty: Seven Studies (Toronto 1968); G. ROBINS, Women in An- cient Egypt (Cambridge [Mass.] 1993); M. SALEH and H. SOUROUZIAN, Official Catalogue: The Egyptian Museum, Cairo (Mainz 1987); C. VANDERSLEYEN, Les guerres d\u2019Amosis: Fondateur de la XVIII e dynastie (Brussels 1971) 2 See Robins 21\u201355 for an overview of the role of Egyptian royal women and a brief survey of the most prominent ones. The military role of Egyptian royal women, though likewise partly tied to the dynastic nature of monarchic rule, was also connected in a fundamental way to a symbolic ideology of monarchy in which the ruler was the source of social order, endlessly reasserted, and so survived the demise of 63", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1961", "words": "4760", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Gibson, Craig A.", "title": "An Amphictyonic Decree, Aristotle, and the Scythians: A Crux in Didymus\u2019 Commentary on Demosthenes", "date": "2001", "keywords": "aristotle; col; commentary; decree; dem; demosthenes; didymus; discussion; euergetai; lemma; passage; word", "summary": "If their suggestion is correct, and if Didymus cited another speech or his commentary on another speech here21 in order to clarify the view that the Megalopoli- tans and Messenians were somehow considered benefactors of the Persian king,22 then a connection between this papyrus and 18 Didymus mentions the Persian king in his discussions of Hermias of Atar- neus (col. 5.18\u201321, 5.71\u20136.13, 6.39\u201343, 6.50\u201359) and Aristomedes of Pherae (9.43\u201352). Nothing in Aristotle\u2019s 9 Didymus cites Philochorus\u2019 account (col. 13.47\u201358: FGrHist 328 F 155) be- fore the word study and Androtion\u2019s nearly identical account (col. 14.37\u201349: 324 F 30) after it.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1971", "words": "5541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "MacCoull, Leslie S. B.", "title": "Uniformis Trinitas: Once More the Theopaschite Trinitarianism of Dioscorus of Aphrodito", "date": "2001", "keywords": "century; chalcedonian; dioscorus; fournet; line; maccoull; ousia; supra; trinity; word", "summary": "C, etc. 32So Fournet II 534. 33Fournet (II 534) thinks Dioscorus borrowed the word from some theo\u00ad logical treatise now lost. eCopy, Inc. Uniformis Trinitas: Once More the Theopaschite Trinitarianism of Dioscorus of Aphrodito L. S. B. Mac Coull One of the historical vulnerabilities of literature, as a subject for study, is that it has never seemed difficult enough.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1981", "words": "6539", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "McNamee, Kathleen", "title": "A Plato Papyrus with Shorthand Marginalia", "date": "2001", "keywords": "annotator; century; commentary; marginalia; mentz4; milne; notes; papyri; papyrus; plato; shorthand; signs; symbols; system; tachygraphy", "summary": "Pack2 lists shorthand texts as 1619, 2753\u20132779, and 2779a. On how the system worked, see Mentz3 61\u201375 and Mentz4 ch. 2. 102 A PLATO PAPYRUS WITH SHORTHAND MARGINALIA since the first components appeared about the middle of the first century A.D. and there is considerable variation in the surviving evidence.17", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-1991", "words": "3099", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Rigsby, Kent J.", "title": "Founding a Sarapeum", "date": "2001", "keywords": "apollonius; egypt; god; greek; memphis; sarapeum; sarapis; zoilus", "summary": "I suggest that Zoilus\u2019 proposal to Apollonius was neither Ptolemaic imperial politics nor social engineering: it was instead a religious solution to a religious problem, the need to make piety a feasible part of Greek daily life. Memphites could not pay casual visits to the Sarapeum: this was a pilgrimage, the work of most of a day.12 An urban precinct and altar, the least minimum apparatus of Greek cult (cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2001", "words": "4289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Sosin, Joshua D.", "title": "Exempt from Tribute", "date": "2001", "keywords": "aphorolog\u00eatos; aphoros; b.c; land; p.tebt; rent; right; state; tribute", "summary": "They appear to have proposed to take possession of three or four lots of dry land currently classified as aphorolog\u00eatos for reduced rents, for set periods of time, after which some new arrangement was to obtain (21\u201336). Four can be joined, so that the text consists of two large and two small fragments, which belong to the same document, but do not join.2 The document concerns allocation of land labeled x\u00b0rsow (ka\u2039) \u00e9forol\u00d2ghtow .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-201", "words": "10882", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Lalonde, Gerald V.", "title": "Pagan Cult to Christian Ritual: The Case of Agia Marina Theseiou", "date": "2005", "keywords": "agia marina; antiquity; athens; cave; century; christian; church; cult; evidence; gerald; greek; healing; hill; lalonde; modern; nymphs; pagan; ritual; rock; shrine; sliding; spur", "summary": "118 PAGAN CULT TO CHRISTIAN RITUAL Figure 1: Western Athens Anne Hooton, American School of Classical Studies, Agora Excavations GERALD V. LALONDE 119 Figure 2: Northeast spur of Hill of the Nymphs Adapted from Julius Schmidt (in Curtius, Karten, pl. 7) 120 PAGAN CULT TO CHRISTIAN RITUAL Figure 3: Athens in 1931 from summit of Hill of the Nymphs, Northeast spur and Church of Agia Marina in foreground Photo, American School of Classical Studies at Athens: Agora Excavations GERALD V. LALONDE 121 Figure 4: Cave church as baptistery in modern structure of Agia Marina Photo, courtesy of E. Tasoulas 122 PAGAN CULT TO CHRISTIAN RITUAL Figure 5: Foreground: Church of Agia Marina Theseiou, 1868 or 1875 Photo, F. Bonfils; courtesy E. Antonatos GERALD V. LALONDE 123 Figure 6: Ancient cave-cistern and rock-cut well crowned by troullos of church of Agia Marina Theseiou Plan and section: after E\u00cdret\u00c6rion t\u00abn Mnhme\u00a4vn t\u221ew \u00d1Ell\u00e3dow, fig. To that end, this essay will address the early-modern fertility and healing rituals of the Church of Agia Marina in the Theseion district of Athens, rituals that have been the subject of an unusual number of claims of derivation from gods, heroes, nymphs, cults, and shrines of the Classical Greeks.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2011", "words": "9004", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Keenan, James G.", "title": "\u2018Die Binnenwanderung\u2019 in Byzantine Egypt", "date": "2001", "keywords": "antinoopolis; arsinoite; aurelius; century; di\u00e3gvn; egypt; flavius; hermopolite; keenan; nome; oxyrhynchus; p.cair.masp; p.oxy; place; property; residence; village", "summary": "In addition to evidence for residence changes across nomes, the papyri provide testimony for movement within nomes, whether from village to city, from city to village, or between villages. XVI 1961 is the only mention of this Herakleopolite village.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2021", "words": "7050", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Lanni, Adriaan", "title": "The Homicide Courts and the Dikasteria: A Paradigm not Followed", "date": "2000", "keywords": "antiphon; areopagus; athenian; case; character; dikasteria; homicide courts; law; litigants; procedures; rule; speaker", "summary": "13For example, the speaker in Antiphon 6.6 discusses the unique procedures of the homicide courts and the speaker in Demosthenes 23.73\u201374 emphasizes the similarity between the Areopagus and other homicide courts. Examination of the four surviving speeches written for delivery in the Areopagus (Ant. 1, Lys. 3, 4, 7) and the two written for the other homicide courts (Ant. 6, Lys. 1) gives some indication of the extent to which the rules and procedures of these special courts would have affected litigants\u2019 use of material \u00b6jv to\u00cb pr\u00e3gmatow.27 Speakers in the homicide courts are more skittish about citing their services to the state or slandering their opponents than popular court speakers, but irrelevancy was by no means absent from litigation in these courts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2031", "words": "6254", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Sogno, Cristiana", "title": "The Ideal of Political Moderation in Aristotle's Athenaion Politeia", "date": "2000", "keywords": "aristotle; ath.pol; athenian; athens; judgment; ka\u2039; pericles; regime; rhodes; solon; theramenes; thirty; thucydides", "summary": "In Aristotle\u2019s account, the Four Hundred were established in a completely legal and peaceful way, even though Thucydides depicts a real coup accomplished by means of terror, brute force, and deceit.41 Aristotle did not need to go so far as to distort historical reality beyond the fact of the oligarchic coup. However, the extremists, such as the nobles who belonged to the hetaireiai, would have no doubt wished for a tight oligarchy supported by Sparta.38 Aristotle nevertheless does not mention either Critias or Theramenes, certainly two prominent members and active participants in the establishment of the Thirty.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2041", "words": "10837", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Dmitriev, Sviatoslav", "title": "Observations on the Historical Geography of Roman Lycaonia", "date": "2000", "keywords": "a.d; antiochiana; asia; b.c; cappadocia; century; cicero; cilicia; derbe; galatia; iconium; isaurians; lycaonia; magie; pliny; roman; strabo; strategia; supra; syme; territory", "summary": "The territory of the \u201celeventh strategia\u201d has been identified either as a part of Lycaonia known as Lycaonia Antiochiana , with its capital in Cybistra, or as the similarly mysterious strategia Antiochiana.30 35 Syme, Anatolica 155 and RP I 130\u2013131: 63 B.C.; see also R. Teja, \u201cDie r\u00f6mische Provinz Kappadokien in der Prinzipatszeit,\u201d ANRW II.7.2 (1980) 1103; Magie I 375, \u201cthe region of Cybistra in southeastern Lycaonia\u201d; Mitchell I 32, \u201cthe eastern part of Lycaonia around Cybistra.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2051", "words": "11849", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Burton, Joan B.", "title": "Abduction and Elopement in the Byzantine Novel", "date": "2000", "keywords": "abduction; byzantine; century; church; dosikles; elopement; girl; greek; hero; heroine; law; love; marriage; non; novel; pirates; prodromos; rhodanthe; supra", "summary": "382 ABDUCTION AND ELOPEMENT within the church also, the question of the female\u2019s consent was at times judged irrelevant: both Canon 27 of the Council of Chal- cedon (A.D. 451) and Canon 92 of the Council in Trullo (A.D. 691/2) prohibited abduction marriages, regardless of consent.1 8 Basil\u2019s canons continued to be influential, however, which allowed abductions to result in marriages if all concerned parties consented, including church and parents, with forcible abductions requiring only penance in addition.19 From the eleventh to the thirteenth century, the legitimacy of abduction marriages was an area of vigorous controversy for legal theorists of both canon and civil law, with varied results. Non-consensual abductions by suitors in the Greek novels A comparison with abductions in other Greek novels under- scores the innovation of Prodromos\u2019s abduction.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2061", "words": "11424", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Larson, Stephanie", "title": "Boiotia, Athens, the Peisistratids and the Odyssey\u2019s Catalogue of Heroines", "date": "2000", "keywords": "athenian; athens; audience; boiotian; building; catalogue; central; century; cult; evidence; greece; greek; heroines; larson; odysseus; odyssey; peisistratid; ptoon; sanctuary; schachter; site; supra; thebes; thessalian; thessaly; west", "summary": "\u201d1 As is well known, ancient Greeks were fond of catalogues, especially those recounting heroic genealogies, such as the Hesiodic Ehoiai, another early example of a specifically female- oriented catalogue.2 Such lists were not concerned solely with portraying women per se, although the female figures of catalogues were significant mythological characters. Consider Odysseus\u2019 own words as he begins his catalogue in the Odyssey: \u00e9rist\u00c6vn \u00ealoxoi \u00b6san \u00b1d\u00a2 y\u00cagatrew , \u201cthey were the wives and daughters of the best men\u201d (11.227).3 Brief mention of heroines in catalogues thus served to recall myths of related heroes; it was the womens\u2019 male relations who mattered most, their 1 The following are cited by authors\u2019 names alone: T. GANTZ, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources (Baltimore 1993); J. LARSON, Greek Heroine Cults (Madison 1995); A. SCHACHTER, Cults of Boiotia (BICS 38.1\u20134", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2071", "words": "19082", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Rance, Philip", "title": "Simulacra Pugnae: The Literary and Historical Tradition of Mock Battles in the Roman and Early Byzantine Army", "date": "2000", "keywords": "armatura; army; battle; cavalry; century; combat; contemporary; day; description; enemy; evidence; exercises; general; george; heraclius; horsmann; infantry; ka\u2039; line; livy; manoeuvres; maurice; military; mock; onasander; passage; philip; practice; pugnae; rance; roman; scale; scipio; simulacra; sources; strategicon; supra; tactical; tactics; tradition; training; troops; units; vegetius; weapons; xenophon", "summary": "In the context of the 630s, the Miracula Sancti Anastasii Persae refers to these, apparently well-known, exercises taking place at Palestinian Caesarea in a festival at the beginning of March, when \u201ca traditional custom, as you know, prevails among soldiers to equip their horses, ride them out onto the plain, and to drill them, presenting through this something just like a military engagement\u201d (\u00b6yim\u00d2w tiw, \u2026w \u2021ste, par\u00e3dosiw kra- te\u203a par\u00e5 to\u203aw strati%taiw kosme\u203an to\u00c1w \u00b7ppouw ka\u2039 \u00a7j\u00b0rxesyai \u00a7p\u2039 t\u00da ped\u00a4on ka\u2039 \u00a7ggumn\u00e3zein a\u00c8to\u00caw, \u00c0sper polemik\u00d2n ti s\u00cam- bolon \u00a7k to\u00catou katamhn\u00caontaw).71 These manoeuvres also recall those which Narses organised for his army in early spring of 554, \u201cmaking them charge, practice regular evolutions on horseback, and perform elaborate circling movements in the manner of a war-dance\u201d (Nars!w d\u00a2 \u00a7jaske\u203an ge \u00a7p\u2039 pl\u00b0on a\u00c8to\u00c1w \u00a7k\u00b0leue t\u00e5 pol\u00b0mia ka\u2039 \u00a7perr%nnue t\u00dan yum\u00dan ta\u203aw kay' $m\u00b0ran mel\u00b0taiw, For selected aspects of Roman military training see the relevant papers collected in R. W. Davies, Service in the Roman Army, edd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2081", "words": "11189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Sivan, Hagith", "title": "From Byzantine to Persian Jerusalem: Jewish Perspectives and Jewish/Christian Polemics", "date": "2000", "keywords": "acre; byzantine; century; christian; conquest; date; end; events; history; islamic; israel; jerusalem; jews; land; late; messiah; number; palestine; persian; persian jerusalem; piyyut; piyyutim; poetry; sasanian; supra; temple", "summary": "As can be seen, reckoning 550 years of Byzantine control over the fate of Israel is part of a general numerical scheme or periodization of Jewish history. The point is that the figure attempts to present a concrete event of great magnitude in Jewish history.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-21", "words": "7366", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Desmond, William", "title": "Punishments and the Conclusion of Herodotus\u2019 Histories", "date": "2004", "keywords": "artayctes; artembares; conclusion; cyrus; darius; divine; greek; herodotus; histories; history; human; persian; punishments; revenge; son; supra; xerxes", "summary": "Solon\u2019s advice to Croesus has often beenOapplied to Herodotus\u2019 Histories themselves: Is the con- clusion of Herodotus\u2019 work a fitting and satisfying one?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2101", "words": "8150", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Slater, William J.", "title": "Gnomology and Criticism", "date": "2000", "keywords": "audience; criticism; euripides; gnomology; greek; man; maxim; men; nurse; oxford; people; pindar; remark; sense; slater; sophists; text; thought; william; wisdom", "summary": "The attitude of the young men in Plato\u2019s Republic to Cephalus\u2019s citation of a piece of Simonidean wisdom shows as much, and Aristotle notoriously considered that only the vulgar would admire these maxims, which are the forte of old men (Rh. 2.21.9 1395a6\u20137). Such stories and sayings about old men dancing that survive have to do largely with symposia, and the influence of wine, and presum- 32 The note of S. D. Olson, Aristophanes Peace (Oxford 1998), on the passage is not comprehensible: \u201ct#w pug#w is para prosdokian for t#w t\u00caxhw ,\u201d comparing our Phrynichus fr.9, Eur.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-211", "words": "8439", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Lateiner, Donald", "title": "Signifying Names and Other Ominous Accidental Utterances in Classical Historiography", "date": "2005", "keywords": "cicero; divination; donald; e.g.; examples; greek; halliday; hdt; herodotus; kledon; lateiner; names; omen; plut; puns; religion; roman; spartan; tarentines; word", "summary": "Cicero\u2019s efforts show that irresistible entertainment emerged from signifying names, even in supposedly serious judicial venues.46 Historical incidents hinge on such names and occasionally show life imitating art (see below on Philonides). Never- theless, Hornblower may rightly have identified an aversion of Thucydides to ominous names when he suggests that he was \u201creacting against Herodotus\u201d and popular fifth-century prac- tice by avoiding the mention of \u201clucky names.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2111", "words": "5111", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Pickering, Peter", "title": "Repetitions and their Removal by the Copyists of Greek Tragedy", "date": "2000", "keywords": "apograph; euripides; influence; line; l\u00eaphn; manuscript; removal; repetition; word", "summary": "1.1 Apographs: Erroneous repetitions Any rigorous study must attempt to separate out erroneous repetition by an individual copyist from other sources of error, especially ones due to contamination in an open recension. But erroneous repetitions may be due rather to the retention in the scribe\u2019s mind of a word encountered recently.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2121", "words": "12728", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Dyson, Michael; Lee, Kevin H.", "title": "Talthybius in Euripides\u2019 Troades", "date": "2000", "keywords": "agamemnon; andromache; burial; cassandra; dyson; euripides; fact; greek; hecuba; herald; lee; play; scene; talthybius; troades; women", "summary": "On this basis a more precise reading can be given of Talthybius\u2019 exchanges with Hecuba and his conduct towards Cassandra, and a nuance can be observed in his role as herald in that, although essentially an instrument of others, he exercises significant independence in the way he carries out his orders. All Talthybius does is to ask Hecuba to see that it is a good thing for Cassandra to share a king\u2019s bed (259).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2131", "words": "4897", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Cameron, Alan", "title": "The Poet, the Bishop, and the Harlot", "date": "2000", "keywords": "antioch; bishop; chrysostom; dionysiaca; edessa; harlot; jacob; life; nonnus; pagan; paraphrase; pelagia; poet; supra", "summary": "182 THE POET, THE BISHOP, AND THE HARLOT II A fascinating and original article by Enrico Livrea claims to have solved the Nonnian question.23 According to Livrea, like Synesius Nonnus too became a bishop; he is to be identified with Nonnus bishop of Edessa in the second half of the fifth century. Everything else Jacob says of bishop Nonnus is conventional: holy, chaste, glorious, God-loving, and \u201cperfect in his whole way of life.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2141", "words": "4267", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Sosin, Joshua D.", "title": "A Missing Woman: the Hellenistic Leases from Thespiae Revisited", "date": "2000", "keywords": "drachmas; feyel; holleaux; land; leases; muses; osborne; plot; property; p\u00e5r; t\u00e5n; t\u00fan", "summary": "56 A MISSING WOMAN Finally, on these restorations the phrases that describe the lease of the two properties reflect the contemporary leasing- formula attested at Thespiae, \u00a7misy!sato t\u00e5n p\u00e5r + personal name in the genitive , which can be observed in the archive discussed above. t\u00a4[v] \u00a7n t \u00c9Al[o]i[. . . . .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2151", "words": "9781", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "H\u00fcbner, Wolfgang", "title": "The Ptolemaic View of the Universe", "date": "2000", "keywords": "der; earth; eastern; figure; hubner; kat; moon; north; order; planets; ptolemaic; ptolemy; ruler; saturn; signs; south; southern; sun; supra; system; triplicities; triplicity; universe; venus; view; western; wolgang", "summary": "Franz Boll72 has shown that in the philosophical discussion, here again Ptolemy is not original-although he does not depend on Poseidonios, as Boll believed-but when he united his astronomical and his geo\u00ad graphical interests relating the variegated terrestrialrtotKtAia of mankind to the city of stars (the heavenly Auxv6nol..u;;), and when he implemented the general strategy of relativism with an extremely sophisticated astrological cross-interdependence of opposite triplicities, this seems to have been his own invention. eCopy, Inc. The Ptolemaic View of the Universe Wolfgang Hubner T HE ANCIENT GEOCENTRIC SYSTEM commonly is termed 'Ptolemaic, and the same is said even of ancient astrologicallore,1 although Ptolemy did not invent either the geocentric or the astrological system.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2161", "words": "8822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Hose, Martin", "title": "Post-Colonial Theory and Greek Literature in Rome", "date": "1999", "keywords": "cato; center; century; copyright; copyright owner; culture; der; ennius; greek; history; literature; martin; new; owner; permission; post; power; reproduction; roman; rome; supra; theory; und; world", "summary": "Post-colonial theory and Greek literature in Rome Hose, Martin Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1999; 40, 4; ProQuest pg. The description of the Roman political system in Greek terms would have led to new interpretations and also implications arising from Greek political theory and social philosophy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2171", "words": "8829", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Lavers, Chris", "title": "The Ancients\u2019 One-Horned Ass: Accuracy and Consistency", "date": "1999", "keywords": "aelian; animal; ass; chiru; ctesias; horn; horse; indian; like; rhinoceros; shepard; supra; tibetan; unicorn", "summary": "Some wild asses, for example, the type of animal Ctesias claims to be writing about, are so fast and sure-footed in their own en- vironments that healthy adults are almost impossible to catch, even with the aid of a horse.20 A mounted rider chasing an ass at full tilt while watching it recede by increments ever further into the distance may well conclude that the animal \u201cincreases its speed as it runs,\u201d the truth of the matter notwithstanding. THE ANCIENTS\u2019 ONE-HORNED ASS tributed to the cranial ornaments of other animals, none fits Ctesias\u2019s description of the horn\u2019s specific beneficence as closely as that of the rhinoceros.14 It is just possible, however, that tales of the medicinal properties of chiru horn may also have reached Ctesias\u2019s ear (see below; chiru horn is still used in Tibet as an antibiotic and to cure diarrhoea).15 Indian rhi- noceroses are found in southern Nepal, southern Bhutan, and northeast India16 and were more widespread in the past, so travellers familiar with northern India may also have been familiar either with rhinoceroses, or with stories and legends associated with them.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2181", "words": "9331", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "The Byzantine Component of the Relic-hoard of Constantinople", "date": "1999", "keywords": "acacius; byzantium; century; church; city; constantine; constantinople; delehaye; janin; john; karya; martyrs; mocius; passio; place; relics; saint; shrine; time", "summary": "THE RELIC-HOARD OF CONSTANTINOPLE on 12 April 1204, the city fell and in the wake of the subsequent sacking, together with many other treasures, many relics perished, while still more were dispersed, mainly throughout western Europe. As for the relics, these were beyond description, for there were as many at that time in Constantinople as in all the rest of the world.1 At the time in question (A.D. 1203) that city may well have housed even more relics than the phlegmatic Marshall of Cham- pagne allows, for relics were then the greatest treasure of the richest city known to western man.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2191", "words": "7480", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Ozaslan, Nuray", "title": "From the Shrine of Cosmidion to the Shrine of Eyup Ensari", "date": "1999", "keywords": "century; city; constantinople; copyright; cosmas; cosmidion; damian; ensari; eyiip; golden; istanbul; monastery; owner; permission; reproduction; site; sts; tomb; walls", "summary": "Moreover, Odo de Deuil, one of the crusaders, praised the wonderful view over the harbour and the city from the top of this hill: It gives its inhabitants a threefold pleasure, for it looks over sea, meadow, and city.lS NURA Y OZASLAN 399 characteristics of the urbanisation strategies that the Ottomans, well before the conquest of Istanbul, had applied in other cities such as Bursa and Edirne.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2201", "words": "8687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Valantasis, Richard", "title": "Musonius Rufus and Greco-Roman Ascetical Theory", "date": "1999", "keywords": "ascetical; ascetical theory; asceticism; body; evil; good; ka\u2039; life; musonius; musonius rufus; person; philosophy; practice; roman; rufus; system; theory; valantasis; virtue", "summary": "He is generally acknowledged as an important philosopher of the imperial Stoa.5 Musonius is the first western author from whom we have a recorded discourse on asceticism.6 Granted, the concept of ascetical formation, verbally designated by the Greek words melet\u00e3v, gumn\u00e3zv, and \u00e9sk\u00b0v and their cognates,7 was part of the philosophical tradition prior to Musonius, and many earlier philosophers spoke of ascetical activity as part of philosophical and civic life, some of whom may even have written treatises on 3 This biographical information is based on Cora Lutz, \u201cMusonius Rufus: \u2018The Roman Socrates,\u2019\u201d This is precisely where Houser has correctly identified the heart of Musonius\u2019 philosophy.41 My argument goes further than Houser\u2019s to point to an ascetical orientation not only in Musonius Rufus but also in a variety of philosophical environments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-221", "words": "6473", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Trzaskoma, Stephen M.", "title": "A Novelist Writing \u201cHistory\u201d: Longus\u2019 Thucydides Again", "date": "2005", "keywords": "book; chloe; daphnis; debate; history; longus; mytilenean; narrative; novel; painting; prologue; thucydides; war", "summary": "In the prologue Longus claims Thucydidean utility and seriousness for his novel (whether to subvert it or not is unimportant for the moment) by emphasizing its Herodotean \u201cmythical\u201d character. 75\u201390 \u00a9 2005 GRBS A Novelist Writing \u201cHistory\u201d: Longus\u2019 Thucydides Again Stephen M. Trzaskoma HE THUCYDIDEAN COLORING of Longus\u2019 prologue to Daphnis and Chloe has attracted a good deal of scholarly attention.1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2211", "words": "2625", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "MacCoull, Leslie S. B.", "title": "Gallienus the Genderbender", "date": "1999", "keywords": "allat; emperor; galliena; gallienus; odaenathus; roman; supra", "summary": "J. J. Pollitt, review of J. Eisner, Art and the Roman Viewer (Cambridge 1995), JHS 117 (1997) 265. 3 4 This study was conceived in 1997 in commemoration of the thirtieth anniversary of the ANS Summer Fellows of 1967 (including my colleagues Sarah Pomeroy, Thomas Drew-Bear, and Richard Bulliet), as one of whom I was interested in Gallienus and his unusual coinage, asking questions that could not be answered with the material available then. In general see H. J. W. Drijvers, The Religion of Palmyra (Leiden 1976)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2221", "words": "4408", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Frost, Frank", "title": "Sausage and Meat Preservation in Antiquity", "date": "1999", "keywords": "antiquity; days; fat; greek; hams; meat; pig; preservation; salt; sausage; sheep; word; year", "summary": "With enough salt any piece of meat can be made to last forever, although in mariners\u2019 journals from the great age of sail we find uncharitable remarks about barrels of salt meat that had been to the Indies and back. Examples of successful replicas are the trireme Olympias, the merchant vessel Kyrenia, and any number of ancient artillery devices.2 4 Since descriptions of ancient sausage are tantalizing in their inexactness, I have tested a hypothesis that fits all the ancient 2 3 Modern sausage-making is thoroughly described in Davidson (supra n.8) 398\u2013402. 2 4 And see my review of P. Valavanis, HYSPLEX.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2231", "words": "19371", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Nicholas, Nick", "title": "A Conundrum of Cats: Pards and their Relatives in Byzantium", "date": "1999", "keywords": "a.d; alexander; animal; author; beast; byzantine; byzantium; cat; cats; century; cheetah; conundrum; copyright; copyright owner; description; eaton; fact; greek; hunting; leopard; lion; lynx; nicholas; nick; owner; pantechnes; panther; pard; permission; prey; reproduced; reproduction; romance; supra; tale; vernacular; wild; word", "summary": "This means that the Cretan cat-pard was a cheetah-and, incidentally, that despite its modern denotation, the Italian gattopardo could also be glossed as II cheetah (French guepard; the normal Modern Italian term for cheetah is ghepardo.) We know from con\u00ad temporary vases that Classical Athenians kept cheetahs as pets,10 and the cheetah is in its gross physiognomy similar to a leopard, though of a lankier buildY Though I do not pursue the issue in any greater detail here, there is reason to suspect that the ancient Greeks called any spotted great cat either panther or pard (n:av811P, 1tapOaAt<;), without any further refinement.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2241", "words": "9310", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "L\u2019Homme-Wery, Louise-Marie", "title": "Eleusis and Solon\u2019s Seisachtheia", "date": "1999", "keywords": "agos; athenian; athens; boundary; century; earth; eleusis; g.-p; land; liberation; l\u2019homme; megarian; mother; new; paris; seisachtheia; solon; stones; war; w\u00e9ry", "summary": "Indeed, in Herodotus\u2019 Solon- Croesus dialogue (1.30\u201332), Solon awards the first prize for \u2014\u2014\u2014 mention any other example of doule\u00caousa, \u00a7leuy\u00b0ra used of this type of en- cumbering of land in the archaic period, while he offers numerous instances in which these words designate the domination of a territory by the enemy and its liberation (71\u2013102). But whereas in the fifth century Pericles celebrates collectively warriors fallen in battle,29 Solon here praises Tellos\u2019 heroic deed individually.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2251", "words": "8000", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Beta, Simone", "title": "Madness on the Comic Stage: Aristophanes\u2019 Wasps and Euripides' Heracles", "date": "1999", "keywords": "aristophanes; bdelycleon; beta; chorus; comedy; dance; euripides; heracles; hero; lycus; madness; man; philocleon; play; seneca; simone; slave; stage; tragedy; version; wasps", "summary": "Particularly noteworthy are Heracles bellowing like a bull and Lyssa promising to herself that she will quickly make him dance faster and will make his ears resound of a terrifying flute. With this second Heracles Euripides perhaps hoped to repeat the success of his second Hippolytus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2261", "words": "4004", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Jordan, D. R.", "title": "P.Duk.inv. 230, an Erotic Spell", "date": "1999", "keywords": "copyright; erotic; greek; owner; permission; pgm; reproduction; spell; suppl.mag; tablet", "summary": "Mag. 48 J-K 20 vElCuOalllcov, ocr'tt~ rto't' 1:, El-rE apPll~ et'tE %Ata), we do have erotic spells that name them: those from Egypt roughly contemporary with the Duke tablet are PGM XXXII and Suppl. = J. J. Winkler, The Constraints of Eros, in C. A. Faraone and D. Obbink, edd., Magika hiera (New York/Oxford) 214-243 I completed the present manuscript before I could see L. LiDonnici, Burning for It: Erotic Spe1ls for Fever and Compulsion in the Ancient Mediterranean World, GRBS 39 (1998) 63-98, or C. A. Faraone, Ancient Greek Love Magic (Cambridge [Mass.] 1999), to which I refer the reader for further analysis of such spells as this.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2271", "words": "12541", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Gibson, Craig A.", "title": "The Agenda of Libanius\u2019 Hypotheses to Demosthenes", "date": "1999", "keywords": "authenticity; case; demosthenes; dionysius; discussion; gibson; hermogenes; hyp; hypotheses; item; ka\u2039; libanius; orations; orator; order; philip; speech; speeches; stasis; supra", "summary": "But as we have seen of his use of Aeschines, Libanius also knew his way around other speeches that were closely connected to certain speeches of Demosthenes. It was to satisfy some such market as this that Libanius com- posed one of his earliest known works: a set of introductions, or \u201chypotheses\u201d (\u00cdpoy\u00b0seiw), to Demosthenes\u2019 speeches.2 1 On Libanius\u2019 life and writings see J. H. W. G. Liebeschuetz, Antioch: City and Imperial Administration (Oxford 1972) 1\u201339.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2281", "words": "7189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Bakewell, Geoff", "title": "Lysias 12 and Lysias 31: Metics and Athenian Citizenship in the Aftermath of the Thirty", "date": "1999", "keywords": "athens; citizens; citizenship; city; copyright; eratosthenes; good; lysias; men; metics; money; owner; peison; permission; philon; reproduction; supra; thirty", "summary": "Lysias' metic/ citizen comparisons and their underlying prop\u00ad ositions should not be interpreted as isolated views or special pleading by the orator on behalf of his fellow metics.36 On the contrary, they seem to have had a least a modicum of support among Athenian citizens. Lysias 12 and Lysias 31: Metics and Athenian citizenship in the aftermath of the thirty Bakewell, Geoff Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1999; 40, 1; ProQuest pg. 5 Lysias 12 and Lysias 31: Metics and Athenian Citizenship in the Aftermath of the Thirty Geoff Bakewell T HE SPEECHES LYSIAS 12 Ken\u00b7a. '", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2291", "words": "12449", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Schwartz, Saundra", "title": "Callirhoe\u2019s Choice: Biological vs Legal Paternity", "date": "1999", "keywords": "birth; callirhoe; chaereas; chariton; child; children; choice; copyright; copyright owner; dionysius; father; greek; husband; law; marriage; months; mother; novel; owner; paternity; permission; reproduction; roman; saundra; schwartz; son; supra; women", "summary": "61 For a discussion of the question of parents', especially fathers', affection for children in antiquity, see Golden (supra n.S8) 80-114 and T. Wiedemann, Adults and Children m the Roman Empire (New Haven 1989) 25-32. It will be argued that the heroine's decision to leave the child with her second hus\u00ad band when she returns to her first husband is consistent with norms that stressed the primacy of the legally and culturally constructed relationship between father and child over simple biological paternity.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2301", "words": "10511", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "O'Roark, Douglas", "title": "Parenthood in Late Antiquity: The Evidence of Chrysostom", "date": "1999", "keywords": "antiquity; children; christian; chrysostom; copyright; copyright owner; evidence; family; fathers; hom; kat; marriage; mothers; o'roark; owner; parenthood; parents; permission; reproduction; trov", "summary": "Parents might play with children by making scary faces or by telling them stories, a pastime that children especially loved.27 Some children teased their parents by constantly asking them silly questions.28 Children, using potsherds and clay as their materials, played at building houses.29 Parents might regulate the amount of playtime by hiding favorite toys, in order that children might not neglect necessary things: btt 'tWV 1tal8iwv 'tWV ~l1CpWV, o'tav ~\u20acV E1tl8u~il 'to 1talblOV 1talbtlcwv U9UPIl(X-rWV, ~\u00a3't(~ 1tOAAlls O'1tOUblls \u00a3K\u00a3lva Kp{m'toll\u00a3v, olov (j(patpav Kat oO'a tOlCXU'ta, tva ~lJ E~1tOblt;,T\\tal twv avay\u00ad Kalwv' otav b\u20ac autwv Kata ) 4.20: a normal foot march day is 8 hours, for a distance of 32 km If the fighting had ceased at this point, we would have to do with a short, sharp engagement, though rather longer than typi\u00ad cal hoplite vs hoplite battles, because of the change of direction and the regrouping during the struggle.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2541", "words": "7555", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Hammond, N. G. L.", "title": "What May Philip Have Learnt as a Hostage in Thebes?", "date": "1997", "keywords": "bardylis; battle; copyright; enemy; epaminondas; formation; macedonian; men; owner; permission; phalanx; philip; reproduction; slanting; thebes; wing", "summary": "In 1976 J. R. Ellis wrote that Philip had been in Thebes between 369 and 367, and that we can therefore scarcely credit the stories circulated by some ancient and modern authors; and in 1985 M. B. Hatzopoulos placed the taking of Philip hostage in the reign of Alexander II in 369, and his return to Macedonia in 367. 362 PHILIP AS A HOSTAGE IN THEBES great set battle in 358 against Bardylis Philip used the slanting phalanx.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2551", "words": "5632", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Endsjo, Dag Oistein", "title": "Placing the Unplaceable: The Making of Apollonius\u2019 Argonautic Geography", "date": "1997", "keywords": "aeetes; apollonius; argo; argonauts; colchis; geography; land; oceanus; owner; permission; reproduction; sea; world", "summary": "Apollonius also connects the motley ensemble fol\u00ad lowing Circe-creatures consisting of limbs apparently so haphazardly assembled that these figures resemble neither beasts nor humans-with autochthonous forms of life that ap\u00ad peared automatically from the first amorphous substance: 38 an idea he seems to have taken from Empedocles' theories on the creation.39 The Argonauts' heroic endeavour opens up distant lands for the common man, who lacks their heroic stature; and it actually creates the way through previously unknown territories. 373 Placing the Unplaceable: The Making of Apollonius' Argonautic Geography Dag 0istein EndsjrJ I N HIS EPIC MASTERPIECE, the Argonautica, Apollonius of Rhodes gives an apparently straightforward description of the wondrous route of the Argo.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2561", "words": "3643", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Jordan, David R.", "title": "Two Curse Tablets from Lilybaeum", "date": "1997", "keywords": "brugnone; curse; greek; kat; line; owner; permission; reproduction; tablets; text", "summary": "The texts of large numbers of Attic curse tablets, par\u00ad ticularly of the fourth and third centuries, contain, often at their beginnings, the verb Ka'taoii) 7tpa~t uv'tla AEYEtV 11[,,]00\u00a3 Ilt OlV. 5 1to.crav 1tpo.~\\V 6 Il..,OE IltcrElV The text above is Brugnone's, with my own punctuation and my 1t&[ (Ja] for her 1ta[ ] in line 5: the drawing suggests that the lacuna would probably admit two letters.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2571", "words": "4830", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Curbera, Jaime B.", "title": "Chthonians in Sicily", "date": "1997", "keywords": "copyright; curse; demeter; form; greek; iia; kore; names; owner; permission; persephone; reproduction; sicily; tablets; text", "summary": "This paper deals with some previously unnoticed epi\u00ad thets of Sicily's chthonic gods and with the reflection of their cult on personal names on the island. Chthonic deities, however, may form personal names that are not proper\u00ad ly theophoric.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2581", "words": "13308", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Lateiner, Donald", "title": "Abduction Marriage in Heliodorus\u2019 Aethiopica", "date": "1997", "keywords": "abduction; abduction marriage; aethiopica; bride; chariclea; chastity; copyright; copyright owner; daughter; delphi; donald; father; female; greek; heliodorus; lateiner; law; life; lovers; marriage; new; novels; owner; permission; rape; reproduction; social; theagenes; virginity; women", "summary": "Abduction marriage in Heliodorus' Aethiopica Lateiner, Donald Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1997; 38, 4; ProQuest pg. Judith Evans-Grubbs' survey of abduction marriage in antiqui\u00ad ty and the Byzantine East2 omits one palmary example of an\u00ad cient co-operative bride-capture as a device to foil paternal wishes: this is found in the elaborately wrought plot of Helio\u00ad dorus' Aethiopica.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2591", "words": "6568", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Scott, William C.", "title": "The Etiquette of Games in Iliad 23", "date": "1997", "keywords": "achilles; book; contest; copyright; etiquette; games; homer; iliad; narrative; owner; permission; race; reproduction; scene; spectators; supra", "summary": "The structure is not so schematically clear in the text as the narrative makes its points through individual games as they occur; there is, however, at least a tendency toward ordering events by the categories suggested in an etiquette of games. For descriptions of other games known to Homer see 11.698-702; 22.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2601", "words": "16582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Lavelle, Brian M.", "title": "Epikouros and epikouroi in Early Greek Literature and History", "date": "1997", "keywords": "archilochus; bettalli; carians; century; cf supra; copyright; egypt; epikouros; expedition; fact; fighting; glaucus; greek; gyges; herodotus; homer; hornblower; iliad; infra; kirk; lavelle; lycians; mercenary; owner; permission; psammetichus; reproduction; sarpedon; supra; text; time; warriors; word", "summary": "Noone would argue that the Lycians are not idealized in the Iliad: cf supra nn.14-17 and 45 infra. Herodotus is, however, by no means alone in recognizing the Carians as dedicated warriors: cf supra with n,46.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-261", "words": "6156", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Dunn, Geoffrey D.", "title": "The Date of Innocent I\u2019s Epistula 12 and the Second Exile of John Chrysostom", "date": "2005", "keywords": "bishop; constantinople; cyriacus; date; epistula; innocent; john; letter; palladius; rome; synod; theophilus", "summary": "It outlines John\u2019s own history of events leading 1 See Wendy Mayer, \u201cJohn Chrysostom as Bishop: The View from An- tioch,\u201d JEH 55 (2004) 455\u2013466, who argues that we gain new insight into John\u2019s episcopate when we consider information that is not Constantino- politan in perspective. Dialogue on the Life of St. John Chrysostom (New York 1985) 162 n.41. 17 Pallad. V.Chrys.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2611", "words": "8612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "McInerney, Jeremy", "title": "Parnassus, Delphi, and the Thyiades", "date": "1997", "keywords": "apollo; cave; copyright; copyright owner; corycian; cult; delphi; dionysus; god; jeremy; mcinerney; mountain; nymphs; order; owner; parnassus; permission; reproduction; sanctuary; thyiades; wolf; women", "summary": "Teiresias warns Pentheus in the Bac\u00ad chae (306\u00a3f) that he will one day see Dionysus leaping over the peaks of Delphi waving his thyrsos. Whether the cult of the Thriai was located at the Coryc\u00ad ian Cave or not, Strabo was hardly exaggerating when he wrote that the entire mountain was considered sacred, with is caves and other holy placesY Parnassus then was sacred to both Dionysus and Apollo just as they shared the sanctuary of Delphi, not as oppositional forces, but as twins: Apollo Lykeios and Dionysus Lykos.1 8", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2621", "words": "4523", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Corcoran, Clinton D.", "title": "The Problem of Dramatic Expectation in Aristotle\u2019s Poetics", "date": "1997", "keywords": "action; aristotle; audience; contrary; events; expectation; intention; permission; reversal", "summary": "Schrier (supra n.S: 108) proposes an elegant resolu\u00ad tion to the debate: the reversal of intention does not exclude the interpretation of reversal as a change in the course of events, but rather it becomes the pivotal causal action in the tragic sequence: Aristotle repeats 'touvav't:1ov not without purpose, referring back to 1.22, where it is used in the definition. Reversals that entail recognitions that are contrary to expectation and yet still follow one another are, as Aristotle notes, logically the best.14 But this leaves the obvious question: why are they the best?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2631", "words": "4820", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Kaldellis, Anthony", "title": "Agathias on History and Poetry", "date": "1997", "keywords": "agathias; copyright; history; lucian; owner; permission; poetry; praef; preface; reproduction; view", "summary": "302 AGATHIAS ON HISTORY AND POETRY These were precisely the qualities that Agathias wanted to reunite, albeit in full knowledge of the substantial differences between history and poetry. His decision amounted to no less than a deliberate break from the great tradition of classical historiography that stretched from Thucydides to Procopius.18 Yet the specific target of Eutychianus' remarks was probably Lucian's treatise on How History Should Be Written, which contains severe strictures against the admixture of history and poetry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2641", "words": "7302", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Dawe, R. D.", "title": "Textual Observations on Philogelos", "date": "1997", "keywords": "boissonade; copyright; corr; eberhard; kat; kut; minas; observations; ouk; owner; permission; philogelos; read; reproduction; story; thierfelder; tou; toy; trov; version; word; yap", "summary": "[KtOVl] Eberhard npo~acrov M f1Elvov f1E A: J.U:t VOfU:V M Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. M cout6v M Ei om.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2651", "words": "5975", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Mattingly, Harold B.", "title": "A Fresh Look at the Kallias Decrees (IG I3 52A-B)", "date": "1997", "keywords": "century; copyright; decree; fifth; kallias; line; mattingly; nikai; owner; permission; reproduction", "summary": "no. 1; IG P 31.6 with Mattingly 34f, 256; IG P 174.1-5 with Mattingly 178f, 201\u00a3, 249; IG P 127.M, 32. Methods of weighing the parts of the Nikai suggest that IG P 467-often associated by scholars with IG I 52B-should in fact be placed between 468 (426/425) and 469/470 (ca 410-).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2661", "words": "20209", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Roisman, Hanna M.", "title": "The Appropriation of a Son: Sophocles\u2019 Philoctetes", "date": "1997", "keywords": "achillean; achilles; armor; arms; bow; copyright; copyright owner; father; good; greek; hanna; heracles; hero; man; men; nature; need; neoptolemus; odysseus; owner; permission; philoctetes; play; reproduction; roisman; role; son; sons; sophocles; troy; values", "summary": "Here Neoptolemus re\u00ad jects the human parenthood offered by Odysseus and Philoc\u00ad tetes, each of which is inevitably incomplete and flawed in its own war' each of which answers to only part of who he is, in favor 0 a more remote, more perfect, and more satisfying paternity. What is clear is that, just as in his relationship with Odysseus, so too in his relationship with Philoctetes, Neoptolemus dem\u00ad onstrates the same combination of an apparent readiness to be the good 'son' and a withholding of filial commitment.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2671", "words": "5882", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Richardson, jr, L.", "title": "The Moral Problems of Terence\u2019s Andria and Reconstruction of Menander\u2019s Andria and Perinthia", "date": "1997", "keywords": "andria; chrysis; father; glycerium; hetaira; menander; owner; pamphilus; permission; play; reproduction; simo; son; terence", "summary": "The moral problems of Terence's Andria and reconstruction of Menander's Andria and Perinthia Richardson, L Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1997; 38, 2; ProQuest pg. LAWRENCE RICHARDSON 175 later in the play and nothing further is made of his deception, it has been presumed that this scene has been copied with only slight changes from Menander's Perinthia, a play that Terence in his prologue to the Andria (9-14) tells us was so similar in plot to Menander's Andria that he has made use of suitable material from it in his adaptation of the Andria.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2681", "words": "9360", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Smith, Mark D.", "title": "The Religion of Constantius I", "date": "1997", "keywords": "castritius; coins; constantius; copyright; eusebius; evidence; galerius; god; hercules; julian; jupiter; mars; maximian; owner; permission; religion; reproduction; sol; supra", "summary": "To date not a single coin of Constantius Augustus depicts Constantius with either Mars or Sol. 196 THE RELIGION OF CONSTANTIUS I Viewed as a whole, this evidence is consistent: the lux aeterna that Britannia had presumably lost, and which Constantius re\u00ad stored, should most probably be the light of legitimate Roman law and government, displacing the darkness of a usurper's tyranny.29 It would be a significant stretch of the evidence to argue that this medallion reveals anything about the cult of Sol or Constantius' religion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2691", "words": "7154", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Newton, Rick M.", "title": "Odysseus and Melanthius", "date": "1997", "keywords": "achilles; book; copyright; cyclops; hero; melanthius; men; odysseus; odyssey; owner; permission; polyphemus; reproduction; suitors; zeus", "summary": "Odysseus and Melanthius Newton, Rick M Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1997; 38, 1; ProQuest pg. Melanthius is killed not by Odysseus but by his two loyal servants, Philoe\u00ad tius and Eumaeus, along with Telemachus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2701", "words": "9695", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Habash, Martha", "title": "The Odd Thesmophoria of Aristophanes\u2019 Thesmophoriazusae", "date": "1997", "keywords": "aristophanes; athena; chorus; copyright; deities; demeter; ecclesia; euripides; festival; goddesses; gods; owner; permission; prayer; relative; reproduction; supra; thesmophoria; women", "summary": "2 I For studies of the poet's presentation of genuine Thesmophoric elements and themes, see H. Hansen, U Aristophanes' Thesmophoriazusae: Theme, Struc\u00ad ture, and Production, Philologus 120 (1976) 165-85; A. Bowie, Aristophanes: Myth, Ritual and Comedy (Cambridge 1993); the role of mimesis in this play: F. Zeitlin, uTravesties of Gender and Genre in Aristophanes' Thesmo\u00ad phoriazousae, in H. Foley, ed., Reflections of Women in Antiquity (New York 1981) 169-217; M. DETIENNE, MThe Violence of Wellborn Ladies: Women in the Thesmophoria, in M. Detienne and J.-P. Vernant. This ancient rite, celebrated exclusively by women to promote human and agricultural fertility, was one of the most widespread festivals in the Greek world.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-271", "words": "6789", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "The Marian Relics at Constantinople", "date": "2005", "keywords": "blachernae; casket; century; church; clothing; constantinople; girdle; great; legend; leo; marian; relic; robe; theotokos; virgin", "summary": "Whether the sainted Augusta was the founder, or even the benefactor, of any of the three2 is by no means certain; legend here may owe more to her cham- pioning of the title Theotokos for the Blessed Virgin Mary against Nestorius at the Council of Ephesus in 431 and again (together with Cyril of Alexandria) at Chalcedon in 451.3 It is alleged that she requested Marian relics for the capital (see below), but it is not at all certain that she was successful in her request. Indeed, it is pre- cisely because it is unusual that it is mentioned at all, although there might have been the ulterior motive of conferring greater distinction on the girdle than that enjoyed by the maphorion at 16 Neatly\u2014to a point; this is about three decades earlier than the next known reference to Marian relics, and seems to pre-date general interest in them by about the same length of time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2711", "words": "14317", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Major, Wilfred E.", "title": "Menander in a Macedonian World", "date": "1997", "keywords": "athenian; athens; comedy; copyright; copyright owner; demetrius; drama; fro; greek; household; identity; ideology; macedonian; major; menander; moschion; owner; permission; phalerum; plays; poet; politics; reproduction; soldier; stage; supra; theophrastus; trial; wilfred; world", "summary": "Alexander the Great, for example, appears thus (fr. 751 K-T): 26 A. Henrichs, The Case of Menander: A Crisis of Identity? in A. Bul\u00ad loch et at., edd., Images and Ideologies: Self-Definition in the Hellenistic World (Berkeley 1993) 180-87, emphasizes the difficulty in general of orient\u00ad ing Menander in the context of Hellenistic culture and literature. He considers it axio\u00ad matic that Menander \u2022 reproduces in an altered register tensions that enter into the ideology of the ancient city-state (165), but does not explain how, identify limitations, give specifics, or attempt to characterize the elements of the ideology distinct to Menander's time and situation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2721", "words": "3617", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Sosin, Joshua D.", "title": "A Word for Woman?", "date": "1997", "keywords": "hephaestion; interest; loan; owner; permission; reproduction; wife; woman", "summary": "Women referred to in this way are the objects of contempt or derision: slaves who give testimony under torture, prostitutes who plot to capture legacies, women who commit sexual im\u00ad proprieties. A word for woman?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2731", "words": "11928", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Martin, Troy", "title": "The Chronos Myth in Cynic Philosophy", "date": "1997", "keywords": "age; caze; chronos; copyright; cynics; diogenes; earth; goulet; life; malherbe; man; men; myth; nature; owner; permission; philosophy; reproduction; stoics; things", "summary": "Whether these myths actually inform the Cynic world view or simply serve as vehicles to communicate Cynic views, or perhaps a little of both, is important but lies beyond the scope of this paper. 4 For a general description of Cynic philosophy, see T. W. Martin, By Phi\u00ad losophy and Empty Deceit: Colossians as Response to a Cynic Critique (= JStNT Suppl.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2741", "words": "30123", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Robertson, Noel", "title": "New Light on Demeter\u2019s Mysteries: The Festival Proerosia", "date": "1996", "keywords": "aparchai; athenian; athens; calendar; clinton; copyright; copyright owner; cult; date; day; decree; demes; demeter; dow; eleusinium; eleusis; eubuleus; festival; grain; kat; kore; lines; megaron; month; mysteries; noel; offerings; owner; paeania; permission; piglets; place; ploughing; pluto; proerosia; pyanopsion; reproduction; rites; ritual; robertson; sacrifice; sanctuary; scholium; second; seed; supra; temple; thesmophoria; thoricus; time; triptolemus; women; zeus", "summary": "It is natural to put the question, as the calendars in listing sacrifices do not for the most part give festival names. But all the seasonal month names that she cites can just as well be formed from festival names in the usual way; indeed one of her examples, the month name Megalartios, matches the undoubted festival Megalartia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2751", "words": "8446", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Schmalz, Geoffrey C. R.", "title": "Athens, Augustus, and the Settlement of 21 B.C.", "date": "1996", "keywords": "athenian; athens; augustus; b.c; copyright; dio; greece; new; owner; permission; reproduction; roman; settlement; sicily; supra; time; winter; year", "summary": "B.C. Dio gives no hint of a new seasonal cycle until the end of his brief account of the provincial settlement in Greece, which also concluded the consulship of Lollius (and Lepidus): \u00abAfter completing his business in Greece, Augustus sailed to Samos and spent the winter there. In view of the probable length of Augustus' stay in Sicily, it seems much more sensible to assign the princeps' initial movements in Greece to the summer, or perhaps even the fall, of 21 B.C. Athens was probably not reached until after the beginning (in July) of the new Attic year 21120", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2761", "words": "5525", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "O'Roark, Douglas", "title": "Close-Kin Marriage in Late Antiquity: The Evidence of Chrysostom", "date": "1996", "keywords": "century; chrysostom; evidence; hom; kin; marriage; owner; patlagean; permission; wealth", "summary": "Obviously the writings of a single Christian rhetor cannot be taken as condusive evidence against close-kin marriage, but the evidence of Chrysostom strongly suggests that marriages in the fourth century continued to be arranged in the same manner as earlier Classical marriages. 402 CLOSE-KIN MARRIAGE IN LATE ANTIQUITY used to establish the nature of Late Antique marriage and to characterize the relationship between marriage and city in Antioch and beyond.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2771", "words": "2835", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Duffy, John", "title": "One More \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03af\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd", "date": "1996", "keywords": "box; greek; john; malalas; money; permission", "summary": "10 8 The whole subject of the survival of Malalas in Greek and other languages is expertly presented in E. Jeffreys, ed., Studies in John Malalas (Sydney 1990) ch. 9: part 1 by Jeffreys, Malalas in Greek; part 2 by S. Franklin, Malalas in Slavonic. In Malalas, as in other versions of this famous episode, it is stressed that Cleo\u00ad patra was under close guard during her captivity, precisely to prevent the action that she eventually managed to take.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2791", "words": "12323", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Anton, John P.", "title": "The Agathon Interlude", "date": "1996", "keywords": "agathon; copyright; diotima; eros; god; nature; new; owner; permission; plato; poet; poetry; reproduction; socrates; soul; speech; symposium; way", "summary": "In fact, he goes beyond the limited application of the solution in litera\u00ad ture to bring up indirectly the issue of education in the context of imitating the new model of conduct Socrates provides. 38B, where he offers 30 minae to free Socrates; also Phd. 117D, where he bursts into crying after Socrates drinks the hemlock; Xenophon (M em.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2801", "words": "9640", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Dickie, Matthew W.", "title": "What Is a Kolossos and How Were Kolossoi Made in the Hellenistic Period?", "date": "1996", "keywords": "account; b.c; bronze; century; colossus; copyright; copyright owner; epigram; figurines; hercher; kolossos; owner; permission; philo; reproduction; rhodes; roux; size; statue; supra; theocritus; wax", "summary": "Dr Palagia points out that clay was used to give stability to colossal bronze statues and that it will have been vitrified clay that was visible within the fallen limbs of Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. What Philo of Byzantium has to say about the construction of the Colossus of Rhodes is almost certainly worthless, although it may say some\u00ad thing about the way in which colossal bronze statues were erected in the Roman Imperial period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-281", "words": "5896", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "M\u00f6ller, Astrid", "title": "Epoch-making Eratosthenes", "date": "2005", "keywords": "date; eratosthenes; fall; games; greek; iphitus; list; lycurgus; olympiad; olympic; troy; varro; years", "summary": "Returning to Eratosthenes F 1a, we find the same span of 27 Olympiads between Lycurgus and the first recorded Olympic games. His dates from Xerxes onwards are corroborated by other evidence and easily con- vertible into years B.C.; but his fragment 1a is the earliest source that allows us to calculate the date for the first recorded Olympic games, which we generally treat as the first secure 4 Ant.Rom. 1.74.2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2811", "words": "9698", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Woods, David", "title": "The Saracen Defenders of Constantinople in 378", "date": "1996", "keywords": "adrianopolis; ammianus; battle; city; constantinople; copyright; defenders; defense; forces; goths; owner; permission; reproduction; roman; saracens; scholae; source; tou; units; valens; woods; zosimus", "summary": "3 Shahld has ar\u00ad gued, however, that they really describe two different engage\u00ad ments, i.e., two Saracen defenses of Constantinople, one before the battle of Adrianopolis, the second after, but his arguments are unconvincing and occur in a work otherwise marred by a determination to discover references to Saracens where none in fact exist. S. T. Parker, Romans and Saracens: A History of the Arabian Frontier (Winona Lake 1986) 144, and T. S. Burns, Barbarians within the Gates of Rome: A Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians ca 375-425 AD (Bloomington 1994) 28f, 34, seem also to accept two Saracen defenses of Constantinople, although they do not explain their arguments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2821", "words": "9269", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "Two Unpublished Psychophelitic Tales", "date": "1996", "keywords": "abba; au'tou; bhg; copyright; copyright owner; elder; john; kat; life; lion; longinus; man; monk; owner; permission; regnault; reproduction; story; tales; text; tou; toy; tradition; wortley; years", "summary": "Le colcre est particu\u00ad licrement symbolisee par Ie lion, la luxure par I'ours: Regnault (supra n.12) 212. There were, however, two exceptions: the curious tale of an elder and his disciple John buried by lions (pp.427f, W965) and the story of how Abba Longinus and a shipmaster prevent a suicide (pp.438f, W957).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2831", "words": "5796", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Evans, J. A. S.", "title": "The Dates of Procopius\u2019 Works", "date": "1996", "keywords": "anekdota; book; buildings; date; evans; evidence; justinian; permission; procopius; wars; work; years", "summary": "A. S. EVANS 303 Teubner Procopius, 5 argued that the 32 years of Justinian's rule in the Anekdota should be counted from 518, not 527, and consequently the Anekdota was composed in 549-550, rather than 559, as such earlier scholars as Felix Dahn and Wilhelm Teuffel had believed and some, among them Comparetti, con\u00ad tinued to believe. Procopius distinguishes between the reign of Justin I and that of Justinian, making it clear that he considered Justinian responsible for both periods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2841", "words": "9782", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Papadopoulos, John K.", "title": "The Original Kerameikos of Athens and the Siting of the Classical Agora", "date": "1996", "keywords": "age; agora; area; athenian; athenian agora; athens; century; city; copyright; esp; evidence; geometric; hesperia; iron; kerameikos; owner; permission; potters; reproduction; supra", "summary": "For the most recent discussion with further references, see T. L. SHEAR, J r, 'IcrovoflO\\l<; t' 'Ae~va<; btotT]cratT]v: The Agora and the Democracy, in W. D. E. Coulson et aI., edd., The Archaeology of Athens and Attica under the Democracy (Oxford 1994: hereafter 'Shear') 225-48; C. Schnurr, Die alte Agora Athens, ZPE 105 (1995) 131-38. 4 Oikonomides (supra n.2) ix-xii, 51-111; R. E. Wycherley, Archaia Agora, Phoenix 20 (1966) 285-93, and The Stones of Athens (Princeton 1978) 65. 5 This is perhaps best typified by Thompson and Wycherley, Agora XIV 19, who came to accept the existence of an early Agora, more or less where Oikonomides suggested: The Agora as a great center of community life developed slowly in the course of the 6th century B.C. Athens presumably had a simple agora before this time, but we know almost nothing about it ... the west of the Acropolis, not far from its entranc<~, would be appropriate for a simple prototype of the Athenian Agora, and the saddle between the Acropolis and the Areopagus, where the ground is comparatively level, is perhaps the most suitable spot.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2851", "words": "7393", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Lidov, Joel B.", "title": "Pindar\u2019s \u201cHymn to Cybele\u201d (fr. 80 SM): Meter, Form, and Syncretism", "date": "1996", "keywords": "copyright; cult; cybele; evidence; form; fro; hymn; lehnus; owner; pan; permission; philodemus; pindar; poem; pyth; reproduction; vocative; words", "summary": "But however a line such as Nem. 6 ep. 5, ---uu--uu-uu-, is to be analyzed, it represents a variation adapted to its context, and is not evidence that a colon , For the list of occurrences see Snell's survey of meters, which is printed un\u00ad changed as an appendix to Maehler's Teubner edition: Pindar II: Fragmenta (1989) 182. Pindar's hymn to Cybele (fr. 80 SM): Meter, form, and syncretism Lidov, Joel B Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1996; 37, 2; ProQuest pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2861", "words": "1740", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Tar\u00e1n, Leonardo", "title": "Lysias Or. 1.23-24 and 41-42", "date": "1996", "keywords": "euphiletus; home; kat; ouk; permission", "summary": "KaltOt yf fi 1tpOnOll, OUK UV OOKro Uf.llV Kal. E1ttf.lEAW9at 't11'; 9upa.;, Ka'taPa.:; OtW1tn E~EpXOf.lat, Kat acptKVoUf.lat 0><; 'tOY Kal. 'tOY, Kat 'tau,> UEV \u00a3vOOV Ka'tEAa~ov, 'tou.; OE OUK bnOllf.l0uv'ta.; llt>POV.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2871", "words": "11707", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Buraselis, Kostas", "title": "Vix aerarium sufficeret. Roman Finances and the Outbreak of the Second Macedonian War", "date": "1996", "keywords": "aerarium; copyright; copyright owner; esp; finances; laevinus; liv; livy; macedonian; macedonian war; nicolet; owner; peace; period; permission; philip; punic; reproduction; republic; roman; rome; second; senate; senators; situation; state; supra; tributum; war; years", "summary": "J Here most relevant among the latest bibliography: J. Rich, Fear, Greed and Glory: The Causes of Roman War-Making in the Middle Republic, in J. Rich and G. Shipley, edd., War and Society in the Roman World (London 1993) 38-68 (trying to establish all three motives of the title collectively as explanations of the Roman expansion and rejecting monocausal interpreta\u00ad tions for Roman wars); J. Seibert, GInvasion aus dem Osten. But certain techniques and shortcomings of Roman war finances, when examined in their evolution, especially from the Hannibalic War to the aftermath of that with Antiochus III, may also contribute to the proper indentification and evaluation of pressing internal motives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2881", "words": "9196", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Tarrant, H. A. S.", "title": "Platonic Interpretation in Aulus Gellius", "date": "1996", "keywords": "aulus; callicles; copyright; copyright owner; doxography; favorinus; gellius; gorgias; interpretation; lakmann; owner; permission; philosophers; philosophy; plato; pleasure; reproduction; tarrant; taurus; views", "summary": "The most important parallel, however, is Gellius 17.20.4ff, where Taurus finds much to commend in the speech of Pau\u00ad sanias at Symp. I do not propose to concentrate on issues that arise directly from her treatment, but to consider other passages in which Gellius can be informative on the kind of Platonic interpretation that flourished in Taurus' Athens and the relation of Platonism, if any, to the dwindling 'Academicism' to which Favorinus still adhered.s Gellius fleshes out our knowledge whether or not he follows philosophers of eminence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2891", "words": "4042", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Slater, William J.", "title": "Inschriften von Magnesia 192 Revisited", "date": "1996", "keywords": "copyright; epheseia; festival; kern; owner; pantomime; permission; reproduction; robert; sacred; vedius; verus", "summary": "As tragic enrhythmic' is used at this time of the kinesis or hypokrisis of pantomimes, 9 and only of them, it seems at least reasonably probable that we are dealing with a pantomime after all, as Kern and then Robert supposed, especially in view of the imperial company this artist keeps, and his unusual lack of festival victories. Photion was therefore about 22 years old in 170, and so the 517 lh penteteris of the Epheseia is not far from 170.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2901", "words": "8037", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Heiden, Bruce", "title": "The Three Movements of the Iliad", "date": "1996", "keywords": "achilles; book; copyright; day; divisions; epic; homer; iliad; lines; narrative; owner; performance; permission; reproduction; zeus", "summary": "Such a sense of closure might not have been as desirable at the end of performance day 1 or day 2. None of the above schemes of performance division has won acceptance from a consensus of scholars-no doubt largely due to the aforementioned skepticism regarding any proposals for 11 Kirk (44-47) skeptically discusses four-book divisions but without refer\u00ad ence to performance.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-291", "words": "8547", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Gonzales, Matthew", "title": "The Oracle and Cult of Ares in Asia Minor", "date": "2005", "keywords": "anatolian; area; ares; asia; asia minor; city; cult; god; gonzales; greek; herodotus; ka\u2039; lycia; matthew; minor; north; oracle; region; robert; solymoi; son; statue; strabo; termessos; to\u00eb", "summary": "We present Robert\u2019s text of the Syedrian in- scription (vidi 17August 2003): 62 P\u00e3mfuloi Suedr\u221eew \u00a7pij\u00can[\u0192 \u00a7n \u00e9ro\u00car]\u02d9\u0300 na\u00a4ontew xy\u00d2na pammig\u00b0vn \u00a7[rib\u2248l]a`k\u0300a fvt\u00abn \u00d6Arhow de\u00a4khlon \u00a7naim\u00b0ow \u00e9ndrof\u00d2noio 4 st\u00c6santew mes\u00e3t\u0192 p\u00d2liow Kabhl\u00b0ew d\u00a2 ofl Mh\u00a4onew, Las\u00d2nioi d\u00a2 kale\u00camenoi, t\u00d8n a\u00c8t\u00d8n K\u00a4liji e\u2030xon skeu\u00c6n, t\u00d8n \u00a7g\u2248, \u00a7pe\u00e5n kat\u00e5 t\u00d8n Kil\u00a4kvn t\u00e3jin dieji\u2206n g\u00b0nvmai, t\u00d2te shman\u00b0v. Mil\u00caai d\u00a2 afixm\u00e3w te brax\u00b0aw", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2911", "words": "15121", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Hammond, N. G. L.", "title": "Some Passages in Polyaenus Stratagems concerning Alexander", "date": "1996", "keywords": "account; alexander; aristobulus; arrian; battle; cavalry; cleitarchus; copyright; curtius; darius; diodorus; elephants; infantry; left; macedonians; order; owner; permission; persian; plutarch; polyaenus; porus; ptolemy; reproduction; rock; source; tou; wing", "summary": "The report spreading at once persuaded the Indians to accept Alexander willingly.43 42 So also Strabo's other rock, Kthe in-Bactriane rock of Sisimithres, was also called Kthe rock of Sisimithres (PA 58.3), Kthe in-Pareitacae stronghold, another rock, named after Chorienes (Arr. 4.21.1), but just Ka rock in the list of contents of Diodorus 17 KE' and at Curt. THIS ARTICLE I am concerned with the historical worth of some passages in Polyaenus concerning Alexander.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2921", "words": "8133", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Barry, William D.", "title": "Roof Tiles and Urban Violence in the Ancient World", "date": "1996", "keywords": "b.c; barrage; city; copyright; owner; pan; permission; reproduction; roman; rome; roof; roof tiles; supra; throwers; throwing; tiles; violence; war; warfare; women", "summary": "5 For examples see W. Willson Cummer, -Phrygian Roof Tiles in the Bur\u00ad dur Museum, Anadolu 14 (1970) 36; G. P. Stevens, -A Tile Standard in the Agora of Ancient Athens, Hesperia 19 (1950) 176, 178. , Typically, the weight of roof tiles is not given in archaeological reports, but see Cummer (supra n.5) 41; O. Wikander, Acquarossa VI.2 (Stockholm 1993) 130; H. S. Robinson, -Roof Tiles of the Early 7 th c. Be, AM 99 (1984) 59. Different styles of pan and cover tiles were combined in one of 2 A useful overview of roof tiles in O. W IKANDER, Ancient Roof-Tiles-Use and Function, OpAth 17 (1988: hereafter 'Wikander') 204ff; cf his Archaic Roof Tiles: The First Generations, in N. Winter, ed., First International Conference on Archaic Greek Architectural Terracottas (=Hesperia 59 [1990]) 288(; Archaic Roof-Tiles: The First (?) Generation, OpAth (1992) 151-61; Roman and Medieval Tile-Roofs: Evidence from Representations, OpRom 17 (1989) 191-203; A. McWhirr, ed., Roman Brick and Tile: Studies in Manufacture, Distribution and Use in the Western Empire (=BAR Int.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2931", "words": "11828", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Hatlie, Peter", "title": "Life and Artistry in the \u2018Publication\u2019 of Demetrios Kydones\u2019 Letter Collections", "date": "1996", "keywords": "byzantine; changes; character; collection; copyright; copyright owner; corr; dennis; dossier; esp; glavas; kydones; letter; letter collection; loenertz; manuel; new; owner; permission; peter; publication; recueils; reproduction; supra; things; work; years", "summary": "A proper study of the language and style of Kydones' letters still awaits scholars. 80 (=Ul), a selection of Kydones letters, may have also involved Kalekas and perhaps even the author: see Recueils 21ff.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2941", "words": "2872", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Collins, Billy Jean", "title": "Greek \u1f40\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03b6\u03c9 and Hittite palwai-: Exultation in the Ritual Slaughter of Animals", "date": "1995", "keywords": "cry; greek; hittite; owner; permission; ritual; sacrifice; women", "summary": "Passages commonly cited as typical examples of Greek sacrifice include Od. 4.759-67, where Penelope raises the cry to accompany a prayer to Athena: (d) After bathing and taking clean clothes on her body, (Penelope) went with her women attendants to the upper chamber, (where) she placed barley grains in a basket and prayed to Athena, Hear me, 0 Unwearied One, child of aegis-bearing Zeus. Burkert persistently presents this action as a shrill (i. e., unpleasant) and highly emotional act,8 which then fits into his characterization of Greek sacrifice as guilt ridden and cathartic of unpleasant emotions and tensions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2951", "words": "5488", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Person, Jr, Raymond J.", "title": "The \"Became Silent to Silence\" Formula in Homer", "date": "1995", "keywords": "account; conversation; delay; formula; permission; request; response; seconds; silence; speech", "summary": "Therefore, the became silent to silence formula contains the characteristics of delay associated with dis\u00ad preferred seconds and, therefore, proleptically informs the audience that Antinoos' plan will be opposed by another suitor, who turns out to be Amphinomos, whose response also con\u00ad tains each of the characteristics of dispreferred seconds: delay, preface, account, and declination component. In the above passages the became silent to silence formula proleptically introduces the next character's speech, which contains the characteristic elements of dispreferred seconds.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2961", "words": "7759", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Larson, Jennifer", "title": "The Corycian Nymphs and the Bee Maidens of the Homeric Hymn to Hermes", "date": "1995", "keywords": "amandry; apollo; astragali; bee; bee maidens; bees; cave; copyright; corycian; cult; delphi; dionysus; divination; hermes; hymn; maidens; nymphs; owner; parnassus; permission; reproduction", "summary": "This is an important reason for ruling out the Thria~ who likewise have no connection with Hermes; but the Corycian Nymphs, like other nymphs worshiped in caves, have strong associations with both Hermes and bees. For a list of nymph cults in caves see Amandry, in Antre II 403-11.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2971", "words": "1421", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Tar\u00e1n, Leonardo", "title": "Aristotle Metaphysics \u0394 6, 1016b17-21", "date": "1995", "keywords": "aristotle; metaphysics; number; text", "summary": "Aristotle Metaphysics delta 6, 1016b17-21 Taran, Leonardo Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1995; 36, 4; ProQuest pg. (, The great importance of the point made in l016b17f for understanding Aristotle's doctrine of one and the presentation in the two standard editions of the Metaphysics used today of texts of l016b17f that cannot be right, as well as the failure of other modern editors to adopt the text of E and], have prompted the writing of this paper.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2981", "words": "7094", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Gutzwiller, Kathryn J.", "title": "Cleopatra\u2019s Ring", "date": "1995", "keywords": "alexander; amethyst; asclepiades; century; cleopatra; copyright; dionysiac; drunkenness; epigram; methe; owner; permission; posidippus; queen; reproduction; ring; royal; stone", "summary": "27 Stewart (supra n.21) 314ff; Smith (supra n.21: 37f) argues that the dia\u00ad dem, a central element in Hellenistic royal iconography and an attribute on early Alexander portraits, symbolized the Dionysiac model of military conquest. 6 But 4 Cleopatra, the daughter of Philip II, was married to Alexander of Epirus and ruled Epirus after his death in 330.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-2991", "words": "6932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "McNamee, Kathleen", "title": "Missing Links in the Development of Scholia", "date": "1995", "keywords": "century; codices; copyright; evidence; format; greek; margins; notes; owner; papyrus; permission; reproduction; scholia; text; wilson; zuntz", "summary": "o4 Parchment codices, whatever the provenance, have dimensions and layout that differ from those typical among papyrus codices. Where the original size of the pages in our sample of papyrus codices can be ascertained, they fit the various groupings by format established by Eric Turner.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3001", "words": "8625", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Kapparis, K.", "title": "The Athenian Decree for the Naturalisation of the Plataeans", "date": "1995", "keywords": "apollodorus; athenian; athens; citizens; citizenship; copyright; decree; dem; document; law; naturalisation; owner; permission; plataeans; priesthoods; reproduction", "summary": "By the time of Aristotle, Athenian citizens undergoing scrutiny at their entry to office as archons had to be able to display citizen birth from both sides, if not three generations of Athenian citizenship, as some scholars have suggested. Thus the surviving Plataeans found themselves in Athens, and several sources attest that they were received in their new homeland as Athenian citizens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-301", "words": "8980", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Rives, J. B.", "title": "Phrygian Tales", "date": "2005", "keywords": "cicero; diagoras; dionysius; egyptian; euhemerizing; fgrhist; gods; greek; herakles; ka\u2039; logoi; passage; phrygian; plutarch; references; tales; winiarczyk; work; writings", "summary": "Although it is possible that the original author wrote it in the character of Diagoras, it is more likely, given the numerous references to anonymous Phrygian tales, that this work too was originally anonymous and merely assigned to Diagoras as a likely candidate.25 The other author credited with Phrygian tales is Democritus. The earliest datable reference to Phrygian writings comes from Dionysius Scytobrachion, by way of Diodorus Siculus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3011", "words": "5605", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Greene, Elizabeth S.", "title": "The Critical Element in the Embarkation Scenes of the Odyssey", "date": "1995", "keywords": "arming; crew; elements; embarkation; gods; iliad; island; odysseus; odyssey; permission; sacrifice; scenes; supplication", "summary": "Odysseus and crew travel Odysseus crew members N from Circe's island to Helios' and crew :> island feast until 0;:1 tTl sunset, t-i but do :::r:: not sacri- ~ fice 0 (11) 12.353-404 401 401 399f 402 353--i>5 Shipwreck :;:c tTl Odysseus and crew make the improper tTl fateful trip from Helios' sacrifice Z island tTl (12) 13.18-46, 70-92 70-75 77 76-92 24-46 Return to Ithaca Odysseus returns to Ithaca with the Phaeacians (13) 14.248-54 252 252ff 251f Arrival at Egypt Odysseus' fictional account of his trip from Crete and Egypt (14) 14.295-300 295 299f Shipwreck Odysseus' fictional journey with the Phoenicians N 218-21 286 286-94 287-91 222f N (15) 15.218-23,283-94 Return to Ithaca -I Telemachus returns from Pylos Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Embarkation scenes occur in Telemachus' journey to pylos; Nestor's return from Troy; Menelaus' journey home from Egypt; the suitors' attempted ambush of Telemachus at Asteris between Ithaca and Samos; Odysseus' escape from Calypso's island and arrival at Scheria; his storm\u00ad filled journey from Troy to Ismarus, to the home of the Lotus\u00ad Eaters, to the land of the Cyclopes; his voyage from Aeolus' island and back; his escape from Polyphemus' island; his voyage from Circe's island to Hades and back; his terrible journey past the Sirens and Scylla and Charybdis to the island of Helios; his storm-ridden, all-destroying departure from Helios' island; his trip home to Ithaca organized by the Phaeacians; his fictional sailing from Crete to Egypt and from Phoenicia to Libya; and Telemachus' return from Pylos to Ithaca.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3021", "words": "13845", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Sfyroeras, Pavlos", "title": "What Wealth Has to Do with Dionysus: From Economy to Poetics in Aristophanes\u2019 Plutus", "date": "1995", "keywords": "aristophanes; chorus; chremylos; comedy; comic; copyright; copyright owner; dionysiac; dionysus; economy; esp; genre; god; karion; mysteries; owner; penia; permission; play; plutus; poetics; reproduction; supra; tragedy; tragic; wealth", "summary": "wishes in a skolion (in trochaic dimeters) that blind Plutus should disappear from sight and reside in Hades (731 PMG). Recent studies stressing an active interaction between Plutus and its social and economic milieu include D. KONSTAN and M. DILLON, MThe Ideology of Aristophanes' Wealth, AlP 102 (1981: hereafter 'Konstan and Dillon') 371-94; David (supra n.1);", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3031", "words": "12730", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Slater, William J.", "title": "The Pantomime Tiberius Julius Apolaustrus", "date": "1995", "keywords": "apolaustus; asia; asklepieia; augusteia; century; competition; copyright; copyright owner; delphic; ephesus; festival; games; greek; honors; inscription; koina; list; oms; owner; pantomime; pergamum; permission; reproduction; robert; rome; sacred; sebasta; supra; time; victory", "summary": "Angelos Chaniotis has given me the benefit of his unparalleled knowledge of festival inscriptions and saved me from error. As a pantomime in the time of Commodus he was excluded from the regular genres of festival competitions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3041", "words": "10728", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Murphy, David J.", "title": "Hyphens in Greek Manuscripts", "date": "1995", "keywords": "ambr; century; copyright; coupling; greek; hyphens; latin; left; manuscripts; margin; marginal; marks; mss; new; owner; permission; reproduction; scribe; stroke; sublinear; supra; vat; words; xiii", "summary": "In this paper I shall catalog the different shapes of marginal hyphens, or, to use E. M. Thompson's phrase, coupling strokes, (in other languages, tratto d'unione, Verbindungsstrich, etc.) This stroke would suggest itself to almost any copyist; no theory of marginal hyphens was as ret being followed, and this example does not signal the birth 0 a convention of coupling strokes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3051", "words": "5878", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Beck, Curt W.; Beck, Lily Y.", "title": "Analysis and Provenience of Minoan and Mycenaean Amber, V. Pylos and Messenia", "date": "1995", "keywords": "amber; baltic; baltic amber; bead; grave; nma; pylos; routsi; skeleton", "summary": "Two other published classifications of amber beads are of limited value because of their narrow scope. Thus her types do not include many common shapes of amber beads, such as plane-convex or any type with rounded or beveled edges.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3061", "words": "10577", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Clarke, Michael", "title": "Between Lions and Men: Images of the Hero in the Iliad", "date": "1995", "keywords": "achilles; battle; beast; copyright; copyright owner; death; fury; hector; hero; homer; iliad; image; lion; man; men; owner; permission; reproduction; simile; warrior; way", "summary": "Between lions and men: Images of the hero in the Iliad Clarke, Michael Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1995; 36, 2; ProQuest pg. 137 Between Lions and Men: Images of the Hero in the Iliad Michael Clarke 138 BETWEEN LIONS AND MEN meaning in relation to the central themes of the epic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3071", "words": "5433", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Hubbard, Thomas", "title": "Hesiod\u2019s Fable of the Hawk and the Nightingale Reconsidered", "date": "1995", "keywords": "copyright; fable; hawk; hesiod; homer; hybris; kings; lines; man; nightingale; owner; permission; perses; reproduction", "summary": "For what is perhaps the most extreme view of Hesiod's inability to sustain a continuous logical development, see E. Havelock, Thoughtful Hesiod, YCS 20 (1966) 59-72. 202a, 207-12 Pertusi; U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Hesiods Erga (Berlin 1928) 64; I. Sellschopp, Stilistische Untersuchungen zu Hesiod (Hamburg 1934) 83-86; W. Nicolai, Hesiods Erga: Beobachtungen zum Auf\u00ad bau (Heidelberg 1964) 52f; G. B. Ford, Jr, MAn Interpretation of the Fable of the Hawk and the Nightingale in Hesiod's 'Works and Days', Orpheus 12 (1965) 3-9; C. B. Welles, Hesiod's Attitude Toward Labor, GRBS 8 (1967) 17ff; W. J. Verdenius, A Commentary on Hesiod: Works and Days vv. 1-382 (Leiden 1985) 117f.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3081", "words": "1321", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Hammond, N. G. L.", "title": "The Location of the Trout-River Astraeus", "date": "1995", "keywords": "astraeus; permission; river; trout", "summary": "In ancient times the Astraeus was joined by its northern tributary, the Scirtus, and kept is own name as it flowed on into the Haliacmon. 173 The Location of the Trout-River Astraeus N. G. L. Hammond J\\ LIAN informs us that fishermen used a rod (KaAallo~) and a line (oPllta), each about six feet long, and an artificial fly to catch fishes of a speckled hue in a river called Astraeus in Macedonia (NA 15.1).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3091", "words": "15694", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Curta, Florin", "title": "Atticism, Homer, Neoplatonism, and F\u00fcrstenspiegel: Julian\u2019s Second Panegyric on Constantius", "date": "1995", "keywords": "athanassiadi; bouffartigue; chapters; citations; constantius; contrast; copyright; copyright owner; curta; der; dio; divine; emperor; encomium; florin; god; gods; iamblichus; julian; king; man; owner; panegyric; paris; permission; plato; reproduction; second; soul; supra; themistius; und; works", "summary": "For Julian's concept of qHAaVep01tiu see J. Kabiersch, Untersuchungen zur Begriff der Philanthropia bei dem Kaiser Julian (Wiesbaden 1960); C. M. Rothrauff, -The Philanthropia of the Emperor Julian, (M.A. thesis, University of Cincinnati, 1964). Atticism, Homer, Neoplatonism, and Furstenspiegel: Julian's second panegyric on Constantius Curta, Florin Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1995; 36, 2; ProQuest pg. 177 Atticism, Homer, N eoplatonism, and Furstenspiegel: Julian's Second Panegyric on Constantius Florin Curta M ANY HISTORIANS of the reign of the Emperor Julian-a personality fraught with more contradictions, tensions and inconsistencies than the average man\u00bb I-have attempted to answer a long-standing concern of Julianic histori\u00ad ography: was Julian's policy, particularly his anti-Christian re\u00ad action, the result of explicitly declared intentions?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-31", "words": "9767", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Carter, Michael", "title": "Archiereis and Asiarchs: A Gladiatorial Perspective", "date": "2004", "keywords": "archiereus; archierosyne; asiarch; asiarchia; carter; combats; days; ephesus; famil\u00a4a; friesen; gladiatorial; gladiators; i.ephesos; inscriptions; ka\u2039; monom\u00e3xvn; office; ownership; presentation; provincial; robert; shows; spectacles; \u00e9rxier", "summary": "He also gave gladiatorial games and wild beast hunts:22 \u00e9si\u00e3rxhn na\u00abn t\u00abn \u00a7n \u00c9Ef\u00b0s\u0192 tr\u00a4w, filoteimhs\u00e3menon \u00a7n t\u00aa patr\u00a4di \u2264mer\u00abn dekatri\u00abn zugo\u203aw \u00e9pot\u00d2- 12 moiw triakontaenn\u00b0a, \u00e9posf\u00e3jan- ta d\u00a2 ka\u2039 Libuk\u00e5 z\u201ca, e\u00c8tux\u00c6santa d\u00a2 ka\u2039 par\u00e5 t\u00abn Sebast\u00abn, ka\u2039 \u00a7p\u2039 t\u00aa pr\u2248t\u02d9 pro\u00d2d\u0192 t\u00dan xruso\u00cbn st\u00b0fanon 16 \u00ebma t\u00aa porf\u00car&: ofl \u00a7p\u2039 t\u201c t\u00d2p\u0192 filob\u00c6dioi f\u00a4loploi t\u00dan \u2022aut\u00abn e\u00c8erg\u00b0thn. thrice asiarch of the temples in Ephesus, who held a munus in 22 Robert no. 200 Aphrodisias (Robert 170 no. 157; Rouech\u00e9 no. 14) famil\u00a4a Z\u00c6nvn[ow] to\u00cb \u00d1Ucikl\u00b0ouw to\u00cb \u00d1Ucikl\u00b0ouw to\u00cb f\u00casei Z\u00c6nvnow \u00d1Ucikl\u00b0ouw \u00e9rxier\u00b0vw, monom\u00e3xvn ka\u2039 katad\u00a4kvn ka\u2039 tauroka[yapt\u00abn?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3101", "words": "3074", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Mayerson, Philip", "title": "Aelius Gallus at Cleopatris (Suez) and on the Red Sea", "date": "1995", "keywords": "canal; cleopatris; gallus; permission; red; sea; suez; water", "summary": "and on the Red Sea Philip Mayerson T HE MILITARY EXPEDITION of Aelius Gallus to Arabia in 26/25 B.C. 1 has attracted considerable scholarly comment on his campaign regarding its chronology, the political and economic reasons behind it, the identification of Arabian sites mentioned in the sources, Gallus' misadventures caused by the duplicity of his Nabataean guide Syllaeus or by his own miscalculations, and his inglorious retreat to Egypt. The likelihood-if not the proof-that a Nile-Red Sea canal was not in operation shortly before the time of Gallus' cam\u00ad paign is to be found in Plutarch's description of Cleopatra's attempt to shift her Mediterranean fleet of sixty ships to the Red Sea.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-311", "words": "3895", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Viscuso, Patrick", "title": "Theodore Balsamon\u2019s Canonical Images of Women", "date": "2005", "keywords": "balsamon; canon; canonist; church; female; potles; rhalles; women", "summary": "Never- theless, he observes such women in the pr\u00d2naow, which the canonist clearly states is not considered a common space such as the proa\u00calia (forecourts), but a section of churches proper for women not prohibited from attending services. Although the great hierarch prescribed these things, we observe today especially in convents such women standing freely in narthexes (pron\u00e3ouw), which have been adorned with holy icons of all kinds and dedicated to the glorification of God.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3111", "words": "347", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "46", "author": "Willis, William H.", "title": "Sterling Dow, 1903-1995", "date": "1995", "keywords": "greek", "summary": "eCopy, Inc. Sterling Dow 19 November 1903- 9 january 1995 Begun in 1958 as Greek and Byzantine Studies by the initiative and enthusiasm of John J. Bilitz, then a graduate student in Byzantine history at Harvard University, after two years and four issues the enterprise foundered on the rocks of time and finance. His Festschrift, Studies Presented to Sterling Dow on his Eightieth Birthday (Greek, Roman and Byzantine Monograph 10 [1984]), contains his extensive bibliography, a biography and articles by forty-five of his students, colleagues, and friends.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3121", "words": "3846", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Gagarin, Michael", "title": "The First Law of the Gortyn Code Revisited", "date": "1995", "keywords": "dispute; law; man; permission; person; sealey; seizure; slave", "summary": "In fact, the ability of Gortynians legally to pledge themselves as surety for debt probably made disputes about the status of 'free men', i.e., men whom someone claimed were free, more common there. with respect to free men, therefore, the law must prohibit seizure of an adversary.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3131", "words": "11687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Usher, M. D.", "title": "The Sixth Sybilline Oracle as a Literary Hymn", "date": "1995", "keywords": "apollo; author; baptism; book; christ; christian; copyright; dionysus; father; fire; geffcken; god; greek; hom; hymn; jesus; lactantius; line; nonnus; oracle; owner; permission; poem; reproduction; sib; sibylline; son; use; usher", "summary": "Sib. 6, cf lines 5, 8, 16-20, (23\u00a3), and comm. This two-part format best facilitates discussion of this little known work within the larger context of Greek hymns.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3141", "words": "16118", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Lenski, Noel", "title": "The Gothic Civil War and the Date of the Gothic Conversion", "date": "1995", "keywords": "account; ammianus; athanaric; century; christianity; christians; conversion; copyright; copyright owner; danube; date; events; fritigern; gothic; goths; heather; lenski; matthews; owner; permission; persecution; philostorgius; reproduction; roman; socrates; sources; sozomen; supra; tervingi; thompson; ulfilas; valens; war", "summary": "This passage indi\u00ad cates that Philostorgius dearly understood that the activity of conversion had been occurring in Gothic territory since the third century and that official contacts btween the emperor and Gothic Christians dated at least to the 330s. Roman emperors thus possibly played a role in Ulfilas' consecration and certainly in his protection from Gothic persecution.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3151", "words": "4981", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Vinson, Martha", "title": "The Terms \u1f10\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd and \u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd and the Conversion of Theophilus in the Life of Theodora (BHG 1731)", "date": "1995", "keywords": "century; conversion; copyright; emperor; life; neck; owner; permission; reproduction; supra; term; theodora; theophilus", "summary": "See Regel xiii; Markopoulos (supra n.l) 255; and P. Karlin-Hayter, CLa mort de Theodora, lOBC 40 (1990) 208. 21 The Terms ... and ... and the Conversion of Theophilus in the Life of Theodora (BHG 1731) Vinson, Martha Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1995; 36, 1; ProQuest pg. 89", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3161", "words": "5495", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Leverenz, Lynn", "title": "Four Manuscripts of Unattached Scholia on Oppian\u2019s Halieutica by Andreas Darmarios", "date": "1995", "keywords": "darmarios; madrid; mon; mss; permission; post; readings; scholia; source", "summary": "3.21 0 lCUpOAE~(U/ lCUpLOAE~(U S, E, Br lCUpOAE~(U B 3.291 post OUlAEIC'tOV 2 add. While in Salamanca Darmarios discovered a Ms. closely related to z 1, with that codex's replete corpus of Z scholia, large por\u00ad tions of which the Mss.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3171", "words": "10382", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Mann, Rupert", "title": "Pindar\u2019s Homer and Pindar\u2019s Myths", "date": "1994", "keywords": "achilles; ajax; cycle; greek; homer; homeric; iliad; kat; mann; material; myths; nem; odysseus; odyssey; p.313; pindar; pyth; rupert; studies; supra; use; winter; young", "summary": "MANN, RUPERT, Pindar's Homer and Pindar's Myths , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 35:4 (1994:Winter) p.313 Pindar's Homer and Pindar's Myths Rupert Mann I T HAS BEEN generally acknowledged that Pindar owes little to Homer as a source of mythological material-in Bowra's words: almost nothing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3181", "words": "2107", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Griffith, R. Drew", "title": "Architecture of a Kiss: The Vocabulary of \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 in Attic Old Comedy", "date": "1994", "keywords": "bolt; comedy; door; greek; kiss; tongue", "summary": "Cye. 502), and penis and vagina may be depicted respectively by ~aA.avo (Ar. Lys. 407-13, with a surface meaning of jewelry-clasp rather than, as elsewhere, door bolt) and 'tp{l1tTJI-W (Eeel. 624). See E. Ver\u00ad meule, Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry (Berkeley 1979) 198. GRIFFITH, R. DREW, Architecture of a Kiss: The Vocabulary of kataglottismata [Greek] in Attic Old Comedy , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 35:4 (1994:Winter) p.339 R. DREW GRIFFITH 341 immediately that 1t\u00a3Pl1t\u00a3'wovoC;, 08EV ou<>' av<>pa1to<>ov o1tou<>atov OU<>EV ~v 1tpO'tEPOV 1tpiacr8al, and the use of similar 'low' language to attack Aeschines.2J More generally, there are many expressions in this speech that resemble those found in speeches of Demosthenes whose authenticity is not in doubt. Hyp. 6 J. A. Goldstein, The Letters of Demosthenes (New York 1968) 18 n.63, who also argues that the marginal stichometric numeration of the speech shows that it belongs to a corpusculum of public speeches with 'IS-syllable stichoi that was probably compiled at the time of Callimachus, if not earlier.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3321", "words": "4382", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Gerstel, Sharon E. J.", "title": "Liturgical Scrolls in the Byzantine Sanctuary", "date": "1994", "keywords": "bishops; byzantine; century; chrysostom; church; diataxis; gerstel; liturgy; prayers; sanctuary; scrolls", "summary": "For if these manuscripts represent actual scrolls used by the celebrants through the course of the liturgy, then the change from a closed codex to an unwound and inscribed liturgical scroll reflects a change in both the form of the manuscript and the manner of liturgical celebration at this period. An examina\u00ad tion of these sources and their specific instructions for the use of liturgical scrolls will serve to clarify the connection between the painted liturgy and the contemporary liturgical celebration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3331", "words": "46018", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Sale, William Merritt", "title": "The Government of Troy: Politics in the Iliad", "date": "1994", "keywords": "achaeans; achilles; agamemnon; antenor; army; assembly; authority; battle; book; century; city; council; course; elders; fact; formulae; good; government; greek; hear; hector; helen; homer; homeric; iliad; king; kirk; leaders; man; mean; men; merritt; nestor; odysseus; paris; people; picture; poem; polis; power; priam; return; right; rule; sale; society; supra; time; trojans; troy; war; william; word; zeus", "summary": "This does not mean that in depicting Troy Homer was guilty of anachronism. It developed them for going to Troy city, because this is some\u00ad thing you do outside the walls.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3341", "words": "6084", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Dunn, Francis M.", "title": "Euripides and the Rites of Hera Akraia", "date": "1994", "keywords": "akraia; burial; children; corinthians; euripides; hera; hera akraia; jason; medea; rites; sanctuary; temple; tomb", "summary": "Hera Akraia, and he makes burial by Medea part of her revenge against Jason who is thus denied a part in their funeral; but rather than alter the traditional explanation beyond recognition, he uses wording that recalls the more familar accoun t (w<; ~ ~ n<; au'tOu<; 7tOAE\u00ad ~t(J)v Kaau~ptcrn, 1380, and eXv'rl 'tOUOE oucrcrE~OU<; cp6vou, 1383). There is an obvious dramatic gain in Medea's final act of revenge, spitefully depriving Jason of the privilege of burial; but this does not re\u00ad quire Medea to specify where and how she will bury the chil\u00ad dren, nor does it call for mention of the festival and rites; if anything, the latter detracts from the scene by interrupting the bitter conflict between Jason and Medea.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3351", "words": "14015", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Mace, Sarah T.", "title": "Amour, Encore! The Development of \u03b4\u03b7\u1f56\u03c4\u03b5 in Archaic Lyric", "date": "1993", "keywords": "amour; anacreon; aphrodite; desire; deute; development; encore; eros; erotic; greek; love; lyric; mace; p.335; person; poem; sappho; sarah; sarah t.; self; speaker; studies; supra; tone; winter", "summary": "As already noted, Campbell (supra n.6) and Nagy (supra n.8) also suggest a connection between {)T]{)u: in Sappho t and elsewhere in erotic poetry (see supra n.8), but neither pursue the idea to any distinct conclusions. SARAH T. MACE 337 Since the salient formal and stylistic characteristics of these po\u00ad ems are too close to be coincidence, it seems clear that the four poets whom we know to have written erotic poems with 81)-0'[\u00a3 regarded the collocation Eros ... me, again!", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3361", "words": "12225", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Sidwell, Keith", "title": "Authorial Collaboration? Aristophanes\u2019 Knights and Eupolis", "date": "1993", "keywords": "aristophanes; audience; cleon; collaboration; comedy; cratinus; eupolis; greek; halliwell; keith; knights; material; p.365; play; poet; sidwell; studies; supra; winter", "summary": "A New Hypothesis The proposition is, then, that in Knights Aristophanes was satirically reworking material from an earlier Eupolis play (or plays). Aristophanes' Knights and Eupolis , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 34:4 (1993:Winter) p.365 Authorial Collaboration?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3371", "words": "7381", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "Rosivach, Vincent J.", "title": "The Distribution of Population in Attica", "date": "1993", "keywords": "307/306; attica; city; demes; distribution; evidence; gomme; greek; increase; population; quotas; rosivach; seats; studies; vincent", "summary": "[Cambridge (Mass.) 1972] 284-91), I count 88 tickets from inland demes, 68 from coastal demes, and only 55 from urban demes. Gomme contrasts the fourth-century sit\u00ad uation with that in the fifth century, when most politicians were from urban demes; and he takes the shift in the composition of the political class as one index of a general shift of Attic popu\u00ad lation from the countryside to the city.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3381", "words": "11185", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Safran, Linda", "title": "Points of View: The Theodosian Obelisk Base in Context", "date": "1993", "keywords": "byzantine; century; circus; constantinople; context; emperor; greek; hippodrome; inscriptions; linda; northwest; obelisk base; p.409; plate; points; roman; safran; sides; southeast; spectators; studies; supra; view; winter", "summary": "Built Obelisk SOUTHWEST Figure 2: Diagram of the Hippodrome at Constantinople, showing dimensions of the arena and cavea, and relative distances between the base of Theodosian obelisk and spectators on all sides. SAFRAN, LINDA, Points of View: The Theodosian Obelisk Base in Context , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 34:4 (1993:Winter) p.409 Points of View: The Theodosian Obelisk Base in Context Linda Safran THE OBELISK with its sculpted base in the former Hippo\u00ad drome of Constantinorle (PLATES 1-3) is well known as a rare datable work 0", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3391", "words": "6687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Pendrick, Gerard J.", "title": "The Ancient Tradition on Antiphon Reconsidered", "date": "1993", "keywords": "antiphon; didymus; evidence; gagarin; gerard; harpocration; hermogenes; pendrick; rhamnus; rhamnusian; sophist; supra; tradition; works; xenophon", "summary": "PENDRICK, GERARD J., The Ancient Tradition on Antiphon Reconsidered , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 34:3 (1993:Fall) p.215 The Ancient Tradition on Antiphon Reconsidered Gerard]. His discussion focuses on the evidence of the corpus Aristotelicum and of the pseudo-Plutarchean X orat., on the basis of which he confidently distinguishes Antiphon of Rhamnus from Antiphon the tragic 215 PENDRICK, GERARD J., The Ancient Tradition on Antiphon Reconsidered , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 34:3 (1993:Fall) p.215 216 ANTIPHON RECONSIDERED of the tradition do not constitute a decisive stumbling-block to the separatist position.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3401", "words": "47627", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Stevens, John A.", "title": "Posidonian Polemic and Academic Dialectic: The Impact of Carneades upon Posidonius\u2019 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03c9\u03bd", "date": "1993", "keywords": "= ek; a. a.; a. stevens; accordance; antipater; argument; assent; belief; carneades; cause; chrysippus; cic; cicero; craft; criterion; definition; dialectic; doctrine; eel; evil; faculties; faculty; fall; fin; formula; galen; good; greek; happiness; iii; impact; impulse; indifferents; inwood; john a.; kat; kidd; life; logos; long; magnitude; man; model; nature; opinion; p.229; p.229 john; passage; passion; pathon; peri; peri pathon; php; polemic; posidonius; position; power; practice; presentation; prokeimenon; purpose; reason; result; sake; sedley; sense; skopos; soul; stevens; stoa; stoic; studies; supra; svf; svf iii; target; telos; things; tou; value; view; virtue; yap; zeno", "summary": "384ff. 6 For Galen's use of Posidonius see EK TT 58-64. The defi\u00ad nition of virtue also shows the central position in which the Stoics place the knowledge of good, evil, and the indifferents in the realm of action: q>pOVTjeJlV 8' dvat E1tleJ't~f.lTjV ~v 1tOtTj'tEOV Kat OU 1tOtTjn~ov Kat OU8E'tEPCOV, 11 E1tteJ't~f.lTjV aya8wv Kat KaKWV Kat OU8E'tEPCOV q>UeJEl 1tOAl'tlKOU (AOYlKOU) ~00\\).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-341", "words": "10495", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Danzig, Gabriel", "title": "Intra-Socratic Polemics: The Symposia of Plato and Xenophon", "date": "2005", "keywords": "aristophanes; chapter; critobulus; danzig; love; phaedrus; plato; reference; socrates; speech; speeches; symposium; thesleff; work; xenophon", "summary": "In short, not only are there no signs that Xenophon has Phaedrus in mind when composing the speech of Critobulus, but, given Xenophon\u2019s dislike of Phae- drus\u2019 speech, the absence of such signs is a sign that he has not read it at all. It is in- evitable that Plato would have looked carefully at any direct attacks on him published by rival Socratic writers, or anyone 53 K. Dover, Plato Symposium (Cambridge 1980) 118; Bury, Symposium 64.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3411", "words": "2515", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Speake, Graham", "title": "Janus Lascaris\u2019 Visit to Mount Athos in 1491", "date": "1993", "keywords": "athos; greek; janus; lascaris; lorenzo; visit", "summary": "SPEAKE, GRAHAM, Janus Lascaris' Visit to Mt Athos in 1491 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 34:3 (1993:Fall) p.325 328 JANUS LASCARIS' VISIT TO MOUNT ATI lOS Next to Callimachus Lascaris notes the fables of Babrius. These are some of the questions that interest me when I examine the case of the collector Janus Lascaris.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3421", "words": "4609", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Young, David C.", "title": "\u201cSomething Like the Gods\u201d: A Pindaric Theme and the Myth of Nemean 10", "date": "1993", "keywords": "dioscuri; gods; greek; myth; nemean; pindar; pindaric; polydeuces; theme; victor; young", "summary": "Polydeuces, he says, chose (E'{AE'tO) that 17 Besides the many victories that the catalogue mentions here, Pindar ex\u00ad presses a hope for an Olympic victory, too (22-36). Pindar's Tenth Nemean ends with the myth in which Poly\u00ad deuces chooses, over perpetual immortal life for himself, to share his brother's mortality: to live-and to be dead-on alternate days, as in the Homeric version quoted above.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3431", "words": "7708", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Nakamura, Byron", "title": "Palmyra and the Roman East", "date": "1993", "keywords": "alexandria; antioch; army; byron; east; egypt; empire; greek; nakamura; p.133; palmyra; palmyrene; persian; roman; roman east; rome; studies; summer; supra; syria; vaballathus; zenobia", "summary": "3 R. STONEMAN, Palmyra and its Empire: Zenobia's Re'lJolt against Rome (Ann Arbor 1992: hereafter 'Stoneman'); E. EQUINI SCHNEIDER, Septimia Zenobia Sebaste (Rome 1993: hereafter 'Equini Schneider'). H. Seyrig, Armes et costumes iraniens de Palmyre, Syria 18 (1937) 4-53, and M. A. R. Colledge, Parthian Cultural Elements at Roman Palmyra, Mesopotamia 22 (1987) 19-28, show the heavy Parthian and Iranian influences on Palmy rene culture, clothing, and armor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3441", "words": "9740", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "van Minnen, Peter; Worp, Klaas A.", "title": "The Greek and Latin Literary Texts from Hermopolis", "date": "1993", "keywords": "anon; epic; greek; hermopolis; homer; iii; minnen; pack; peter; peter van; roman; texts; v c; van", "summary": "Literary texts from Hermopolis are currently under-represented in the published texts with known provenance, as we have seen above in our discussion of the Berlin papyri; but even with increased publication and establishment of provenance, it is difficult to see how this low percentage of literary texts could ever equal the high Oxy\u00ad Literary texts make up about a third of all papyri from Oxyrhynchus published so far.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3451", "words": "10568", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Cirignano, John", "title": "The Manuscripts of Xenophon\u2019s Symposium", "date": "1993", "keywords": "century; cirignano; codex; errors; folios; greek; group; hand; hipp; john; laurentianus; manuscripts; p.187; studies; summer; symp; symposium; works; xenophon", "summary": "gr. 109 (F) is a paper codex 324+II folios in length, in quaternions, and contains ten works of Plato that, except for M enex., follow the sequence in D. Of the works of Xenophon, codex F contains only Symp. An inscription on folio 2 identifies John Sambucus (d. 1584) as an owner of codex F, which he purchased for five ducats.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3461", "words": "12527", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Louden, Bruce", "title": "An Extended Narrative Pattern in the Odyssey", "date": "1993", "keywords": "arete; athene; bruce; circe; crew; greek; hermes; louden; men; narrative; narrative pattern; nausikaa; odysseus; odyssey; pattern; penelope; skheria; spring; studies; suitors", "summary": "The most striking difference, however, is that on Ithaka Athene counsels disguise and indirection, whereas on Aiaia and Skheria Odysseus approaches the female directly.25 His identity a secret, as approach to the female is perilous, Odysseus reaches her finding a figure who is initially sus\u00ad picious, distant or even hostile towards him. Here as elsewhere, we can equate such divine discourse with prophecy.10 Similarly, though the narrative earlier mentions Skheria and the Phaiakians,l1 Odysseus, on arrival, is unaware of his whereabouts: \u00abAh me, what are the people whose land I have come to this time (6.119).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3471", "words": "16806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Stadter, Philip A.", "title": "The Form and Content of Thucydides\u2019 Pentecontaetia (1.89-117)", "date": "1993", "keywords": "account; actions; allies; athenian; athens; badian; content; egypt; excursus; form; greek; hegemony; narrative; p.35; pentecontaetia; philip; power; ships; sparta; spartans; spring; stadter; studies; thasos; thucydides; walls; war", "summary": "Thucydides does not speak of the transfer of the treasury to Athens, presumably because he did not think it a significant event in the history of Athenian power. 89 Note that for the whole period of the Pentecontaetia Thucydides records only three Spartan expeditions: to Doris, when they were trapped in Boeotia and forced to fight at Tanagra (a victory soon cancelled at Oenophyta); to Delphi (immediately annulled by Athenian action); and to Eleusis, whence they withdrew without a fight (1.1 07f, 112.5, 114.2).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3481", "words": "3448", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Tzifopoulos, Yannis Z.", "title": "Mummius\u2019 Dedications at Olympia and Pausanias\u2019 Attitude to the Romans", "date": "1993", "keywords": "dedications; greek; mummius; olympia; pausanias; roman; statues; zeus", "summary": "Within the description of this group of Zeus statues (22.1-24.11), Pausanias mentions Mum\u00ad mius' second and third dedications. In light of this, Pausanias' claim about Mummius' dedication of a statue of Zeus, if anathema is understood as referring only to the specific group of Zeus statues that Pausanias is discussing, may well be accurate.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3491", "words": "7879", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Lewis, Naphtali", "title": "A Reversal of a Tax Policy in Roman Egypt", "date": "1993", "keywords": "egypt; evidence; fugitives; greek; lewis; naphtali; p.101; policy; reversal; roman; spring; studies; tax; tax policy; taxes; thmouis; year", "summary": "In the first half of this century most treatments of Roman Egypt em\u00ad phasized what was conceived to be its uniqueness among the provinces of the Empire. LEWIS, NAPHTALI, A Reversal of a Tax Policy in Roman Egypt , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 34:1 (1993:Spring) p.101 NAPHT ALI LEWIS 111 Excursus 1: Causes of the Depopulation While avaxwPTlcrt<; was a chronic phenomenon in Roman Egypt, there were periods when extreme distress led to extreme depopulation of the rural villages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3501", "words": "9182", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Jones, Christopher P.", "title": "The Decree of Ilion in Honor of a King Antiochus", "date": "1993", "keywords": "antiochus; christopher; city; decree; des; greek; honor; iii; ilion; jones; kat; king; king antiochus; kut; laodice; lines; p.73; queen; sister; son; spring; state; studies", "summary": "Whereas in the beginning King Antiochus, son of King Seleucus, having succeeded to the kingdom and conducting a noble and honorable policy, sought to restore the cities throughout the Seleucis, which were beset by difficult circumstances because of those rebelling against the state, to peace and their former prosperity, and (sought), by pun\u00ad ishing as was right those who attacked the state, to recover his ancestral rule; for which reason, both pursuing a laud\u00ad able and just ambition and having not only his Friends and the forces as his supporters in contending for the state, but (having) also the divine as his well-disposed helper, he re\u00ad stored the cities to peace and the kingdom to its previous condition; and (whereas) now, having arrived in the region on this side of the Taurus, with all energy and love of glory he has simultaneously achieved peace for the cities and brought the state and the kingdom to a greater and more brilliant con\u00ad dition, above all by his own valor and also by the goodwill of the Friends and the forces; in order therefore that the people, since it also formerly, at the time when he succeeded to the kingdom, continuous\u00ad ly made prayers and sacrifices on his behalf to all the gods, JONES, CHRISTOPHER P., The Decree of Ilion in Honor of a King Antiochus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 34:1 (1993:Spring) p.73 76 THE DECREE OF ILION may now too make clear to the king that it is well-disposed and has the same attitude (as before); with good fortune, be it decreed by the council and the people that the priestess, the hieronomoi and the prytaneis pray to Athena of Ilion together with the envoys that the arrival of the king and his sister the queen, the Friends, and the forces should have been for the best, and that all other good things should come about for the king and the queen, and that the state and their kingdom should last, increasing as they themselves desire. Makkabderbuch (Gutersloh 1976) 257 n.22; P. G AmHIER, Nouvelles inscriptions de Sardes II (Geneva 1989: hereafter 'Gauthier, Sardes ') 41. JONES, CHRISTOPHER P., The Decree of Ilion in Honor of a King Antiochus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 34:1 (1993:Spring) p.73 CHRISTOPHER P. JONES 83 for the safety of our brother King Antiochus, ourselves, and our young children (1tat()la).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-351", "words": "8919", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kaldellis, Anthony", "title": "The Works and Days of Hesychios the Illoustrios of Miletos", "date": "2005", "keywords": "byzantine; byzantion; century; christian; constantine; constantinople; fact; hesychios; history; illoustrios; kaldellis; lydos; pagan; photios; rome; souda; text; work", "summary": "See E. Jeffreys, \u201cChronological Structures in the Chronicles,\u201d in Jeffreys, Studies 111\u2013166, at 132; W. Adler and P. Tuffin, The Chronography of George Synkellos: A Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation (Oxford/New York 2002) 136 and n.3. 392 HESYCHIOS THE ILLOUSTRIOS OF MILETOS We cannot know how Hesychios dealt with ancient Near Eastern history. 400 HESYCHIOS THE ILLOUSTRIOS OF MILETOS Now, most of this Hesychios\u2019 benefactions were entirely secular.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3511", "words": "7208", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Lardinois, Andr\u00e9", "title": "Greek Myths for Athenian Rituals: Religion and Politics in Aeschylus\u2019 Eumenides and Sophocles\u2019 Oedipus Coloneus", "date": "1992", "keywords": "aeschylus; athens; coloneus; erinyes; eumenides; greek; lardinois; myths; oedipus; politics; religion; rituals; semnai; sophocles; studies; supra; theai", "summary": "Two prime examples are Aeschylus' Eumenides and Soph\u00ad ocles' Oedipus Coloneus. The Oedipus Coloneus In Oedipus Coloneus another Panhellenic figure comes to Athens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3521", "words": "11544", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Arnush, Michael", "title": "Ten-Day Armistices in Thucydides", "date": "1992", "keywords": "armistices; arnush; athenian; athens; boeotia; corinth; day; day armistices; day truce; days; greek; heralds; michael; p.329; peace; proxenos; sparta; states; studies; supra; thucydides; truce; war; winter", "summary": "In addition, Pollux, when addressing the division of months into days, describes the last third of a month as ()EXl1J.lEP0C; (1.63). ARNUSH, MICHAEL, Ten-Day Armistices in Thucydides , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 33:4 (1992:Winter) p.329 334 TEN-DAY ARMISTICES IN THUCYDIDES the negotiation of a brief armistice lasting a day or twO. 11 Typically heralds conveyed the negotiating positions of each side prior to the issue's resolution.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3531", "words": "8207", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hammond, N. G. L.", "title": "The Regnal Years of Philip and Alexander", "date": "1992", "keywords": "alexander; amyntas; archon; death; greek; hammond; king; macedonian; philip; reign; winter; year", "summary": "[Berlin 1923: hereafter 'Be loch'] 60); see for instance W. W. Tarn, CAHl VI 269; J. R. Hamilton, Plutarch, Alexander: A Commentary (Oxford 1969) 28; R. Lane Fox, Alexander the Great (London 1973) 17; J. R. Ellis, Philip II and Macedonian Imperialism (London 1976) 222, 306 n.53; G. T. GRIFFITH, in N. G. L. Hammond and G. T. Griffith, A History of Macedonia II (Oxford 1979: 'Griffith') 726 with 681 n.1; and my Alexander the Great: King, Commander and Statesman (Atlantic Heights 1980 1; Bristol 19892: 'Hammond, AG') 37; G. Wirth, Philipp II (Stuttgart 1985) 66. Since the Athenian months \\3 M. B. HATZoPOuLOs, The Oleveni Inscription and the Dates of Philip II's Reign, in W. L. Adams and E. N. Borza, edd., Philip II, Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Heritage (Washington 1982: hereafter 'Hatzopoulos') 41, gives the quotation, which is from G. F. Abbot, Macedonian Folklore (Cambridge 1903) 155.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3541", "words": "3447", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Swain, Simon", "title": "Macrianus as the \u201cWell-Horned Stag\u201d in the Thirteenth Sibylline Oracle", "date": "1992", "keywords": "author; greek; macrianus; odaenathus; oracle; roman; simon; stag; swain", "summary": "The second much shorter part of the Oracle, an additional section by a new author with no interest in the fate of Antoninus, ends by hailing the rise of Palmyra under its prince Odaenathus. Odaenathus did not of course actually destroy Macrianus (that task fell to Gallienus' general, Aureolus, in Thrace), but his intervention against Macrianus' forces in the East gave the Oracle the licence to say he did.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3551", "words": "10419", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "The Spirit of Rivalry in Early Christian Monachism", "date": "1992", "keywords": "antony; christian; desert; greek; john; life; man; monachism; monk; paphnutius; paul; question; rivalry; spirit; stories; story; studies; tales; text; vita; winter; wortley; years", "summary": "What, however, the existence of the Paphnutian cycle does do (as Festugiere pointed out) is to demonstrate very clearly that de vieux souvenirs de folk-lore palen were certainly in circulation and, moreover, were capable of insinuating themselves into and distorting Christian stories. But there are also comparison stories firmly em\u00ad bedded in saints' lives, of which two instances have come to our notice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3561", "words": "5540", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Madigan, Brian", "title": "An Orpheus among the Animals at Dumbarton Oaks", "date": "1992", "keywords": "animals; brian; byzantine; centaur; dumbarton; dumbarton oaks; madigan; oaks; orpheus; pan; power; subject; supra; textile", "summary": "Thus despite the variations in the details of the renderings between the Dumbarton Oaks and Moscow examples on the one hand and the London example on the other, the textiles as a group present Orpheus as a warning of a power that fails to triumph over death. The funereal function of the design sets it against most other Orpheus mosaics, but corresponds with the predominant concern of the Egyptian examples.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3571", "words": "7568", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Rothwell, Jr, Kenneth S.", "title": "The Continuity of the Chorus in Fourth-Century Attic Comedy", "date": "1992", "keywords": "athenian; athens; century; choregia; chorus; comedy; continuity; esp; fall; fourth; greek; kenneth; p.209; rothwell; studies; supra", "summary": "It is perhaps also relevant that it is not until the third quarter of the fourth century that the use of choruses as illustrations of drama on dedications is replaced by the use of masks. The correlation between chorus and community is surely more complicated.1s Moreover, the diminution of the chorus need not necessarily contribute to drama more suited to individuals.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3581", "words": "7555", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Burton, Joan B.", "title": "The Function of the Symposium Theme in Theocritus\u2019 Idyll 14", "date": "1992", "keywords": "aeschinas; burton; drinking; fall; function; greek; idyll; joan; murray; p.227; ptolemy; studies; symposia; symposium; symposium theme; theme; theocritus; women", "summary": "When scholars speak of Hellenistic sympotic poems, they are usually referring to epigrams (Murray [supra n.3] 44-50). Accordingly, given the general increase in social mobility and wealth (stimulated by Alexander's looting in the East), a more broadly-based Greek population might have felt entitled to participate in Hellenistic sympotic culture.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3591", "words": "7582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Cribiore, Raffaella", "title": "The Happy Farmer: A Student Composition from Roman Egypt", "date": "1992", "keywords": "byzantine; composition; cribiore; egypt; fall; farmer; greek; life; line; p.247; raffaella; roman; student; student composition; studies; text; verse; wilcken", "summary": "Without explicitly saying so, he reprinted Wilcken's first text of 1890 with only one change, and that a manifestly incorrect reading-apyol for aypOl at the end of line 5-in effect adding to the student's other mistakes. Both Wilcken and Leclercq speak of a composition with teacher's corrections, but the only sign of correction is an expunging dot on top of the p of fP1tlA.\u00a3~{J) at the end of line 2, which could have been added by the student.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3601", "words": "12178", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "P\u00e9trin, Nicole", "title": "Philological Notes on the Crossbow and Related Missile Weapons", "date": "1992", "keywords": "ammianus; archery; arcuballista; arrow; artillery; byzantine; century; crossbow; engine; equipment; evidence; fall; greek; guide; jarkh; kat; latin; missile; missile weapons; nicole; notes; p.265; p\u00e9trin; roman; second; siege; studies; text; use; vegetius; weapons; word", "summary": "16 Briau and Heiberg, the most important editors of this medical text, selected the reading ~'Uro'ta, citing the variants Jl.'U1Cl't0: and ~'Ul'tO:.n Sophocles, who used Briau, perceived it as 12 Sylloge Tacticorum 38.8f, ed. A. Dain (Paris 1938): also two bowstrings each, and wooden (JUlA.TjVapta with small arrows each and with quivers of the same type; some call such small arrows Il\u00a3vat. Kat a01ttBa Ol\u00a3tPTlOE Kat 8wpaKa", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-361", "words": "7989", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Shcheglov, Dmitriy A.", "title": "Hipparchus on the Latitude of Southern India", "date": "2005", "keywords": "berger; dicks; eratosthenes; geography; hipparchus; iii; india; ka\u2039; latitude; meroe; north; observations; parallel; southern; strabo; taprobane", "summary": "Hipparchus criticized Eratosthenes\u2019 opinion on this point but, Strabo asserts, fell into the still greater error of bringing northern India to a latitude above Ireland (54\u00b0) and placing southern India farther north than 16\u00ba50\u2032. The re-examination of his testimony offered in this paper shows that his account of Hipparchus\u2019 reasoning is wholly misleading, and that in fact Hipparchus argued that the northern frontier of India lies to the north of Athens, but not so far as Strabo claims, while southern India should be placed not to the north of Meroe (16\u00ba50\u2032), as Strabo asserts, but to the south of 122/5\u00ba.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3611", "words": "6798", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Connor, Carolyn L.", "title": "Hosios Loukas as a Victory Church", "date": "1992", "keywords": "byzantine; carolyn; carolyn l.; church; connor; crete; fall; greek; hosios loukas; joshua; katholikon; loukas; p.293; saint; studies; victory; victory church", "summary": "CONNOR, CAROLYN L., Hosios Loukas as a Victory Church , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 33:3 (1992:Fall) p.293 CAROLYN L. CONNOR 295 A little-known hagiographical source, the Vita of St Loukas of Steiris, has been valuable for this study. CONNOR, CAROLYN L., Hosios Loukas as a Victory Church , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 33:3 (1992:Fall) p.293 Hosios Loukas as a Victory Church Carolyn L. Connor O VER THE PAST CENTURY the Byzantine monastery of Hos\u00ad ios Loukas near Delphi in central Greece has fascinated and perplexed scholars, who have recognized in it the outstanding preserved examples of middle-Byzantine architec\u00ad ture and monumental decoration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3621", "words": "8030", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Goldfarb, Barry E.", "title": "The Conflict of Obligations in Euripides\u2019 Alcestis", "date": "1992", "keywords": "admetus; alcestis; barry; conflict; euripides; goldfarb; greek; heracles; obligations; philia; studies; supra; wife; xenia", "summary": "The characters in Alcestis are all subject to contradictory evaluations: Alcestis' melodramatic sclf\u00ad sacrifice,9 Admetus' excessive bathos, the sophistry of Ad\u00ad metus' father Pheres, Heracles' buffoonery. In insisting that Heracles stay with him, Admetus allows for the possibility of violating his earlier oath to Alcestis to forswear any sort of revelry.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3631", "words": "14426", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Blyth, P. H.", "title": "Apollodorus of Damascus and the Poliorcetica", "date": "1992", "keywords": "apollodorus; author; blyth; byzantine; damascus; description; design; devices; emperor; greek; h. blyth; kat; ladders; original; p. h.; p.127; poliorcetica; ram; roman; shed; siege; studies; summer; text; tower; trajan; wheels", "summary": "\u00a31t\u00a3/l'Va bwypa'Vae;, Kat 1tacrav im\u00a3AUATlcra Kat imoup\u00ad yov a1tD.ucra 1tav'ta bd~ae; Kat E1t' au'tOu Epyacra/l\u00a3VOe;, 'tva 1tpOe; 't(l imobdY/la'ta O/lO l(fJe;, \u00a3l ne; xpda y\u00a3vol'tO, EP\u00ad yacrll'tal. E1td E1t\u00a3I.Hjla 8E Kat 'tEKwva<; EYXroptOU<;40 Kat 'toue; aAAro<; EpyacracrSal Kat 1tOlTlcral 8UVaJ.1EVou<;.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-3641", "words": "13615", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Smith, Rebekah M.", "title": "Photius on the Ten Orators", "date": "1992", "keywords": "ballheimer; bib; bibl; byzantine; caecilius; codex; codices; demosthenes; greek; isocrates; kat; libanius; life; lives; material; orators; order; p.159; photius; proem; ps.-plutarch; rebekah; rebekah m.; sentence; smith; speeches; studies; style; summer; supra; tou; version; work", "summary": "\u00a37tapat 't\u00a3 AoYOt<; 'tE'ta1tEtvWI,tEVOV tAEUptxtbT\\e;68 (frA K.-A.), where in a Euripidean monody a cook reflects upon the preparation of food; and in fr.3 there are two more euripidomaniacs rather similar to Dionysus (015tw yap Ext tOte; JlEAECH tOte; EuptxtboU liJ.1 a'\\)'[o<;; EV 'tip 1tEpt <>JlOvola<;;).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4151", "words": "11503", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Eckstein, A. M.", "title": "Polybius, the Achaeans, and the \u2018Freedom of the Greeks\u2019", "date": "1990", "keywords": "a. m.; achaean; aristaenus; declaration; eckstein; flamininus; freedom; greeks; liv; livy; philip; policy; polybius; roman; rome; speech; spring; supra", "summary": "But working from the basic reconstruction of events established so far, the rest of this paper will propose that Polybius-our original and basic source for this period-consistently emphasized the close association of Achaea, and particularly the Achaean statesman Aristaenus, with the concept of Greek freedom. Further, Polybius cites a maxim of Aristaenus that the morally correct course for the powerful is always to aim at the KClA,OV (24.12.2); perhaps this is the kind of advice which, in Polybius' historical tradition, Aristaenus gave the Romans about Greek freedom.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4161", "words": "12722", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "87", "author": "Willis, William H.", "title": "The Robinson-Cologne Papyrus of Achilles Tatius", "date": "1990", "keywords": "achilles; achilles tatius; cett; codd; codices; cologne; cologne papyrus; f ii; greek; ii4; iii; kal; kat; lacuna; lcat; letters; line; p.73; papyrus; rell; robinson; scribe; spring; studies; tatius; text; ti4; tile; tou; toy; william; william h.; willis; yap", "summary": "a ~ : o't\u00a3pEa F II ]v 25) Local Regul Formu O'Neill (name in final position unless noted)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4251", "words": "2588", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Schrenk, Lawrence", "title": "Augustine\u2019s De Trinitate in Byzantine Skepticism", "date": "1989", "keywords": "augustine; byzantine; century; greek; leal; skepticism; trinitate", "summary": "SCHRENK, LAWRENCE P., Augustine's De Trinitate in Byzantine Skepticism , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:3 (1989) p.451 Augustine's De Trinitate in Byzantine Skepticism Lawrence P. Schrenk W. HILE NO SCHOLAR would underestimate the influence of Augustine on the course of Latin philosophy and theology, the (quite belated) influence of Augustine on Byzantine thought has been the subject of little study.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4261", "words": "9561", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Annas, Julia", "title": "Epicurean Emotions", "date": "1989", "keywords": "anger; annas; beliefs; desire; emotions; epicurean; epicurus; food; good; greek; julia; nature; p.145; person; philodemus; studies; way", "summary": "When it comes to natural anger, Philodemus is fuller but unfor\u00ad tunately more obscure as to the overall picture. Natural anger is not simply a good or a bad thing; rather, Epicureans hold that 'to ~EV m19o<; au'to Ka'tCt OU1Al1'1.V a1toq>a1.VO~ESa KaKov, E1tEtOTt AU1tl1- pov Eonv i1 avuAoyoV AU1t11Pq1, Ka'tCt OE 'tTtV OUV1tA01CTtV 'til otaSton Kav ayaSov Pl1SOeOSal. V0J.1lC0J.1\u00a3V\u00b7 ouvlo'ta'tal.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4271", "words": "9896", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "O'Connor, David K.", "title": "The Invulnerable Pleasures of Epicurean Friendship", "date": "1989", "keywords": "cicero; david; epicurean; epicurean friendship; epicurus; friendship; greek; ideal; o'connor; p.165; pleasures; roman; studies; view", "summary": "The heart of Epicurean friendship seems to have been fellowship rather than political action or philosophical conversation. Banqueting, remembering the dead, meditating on the teachings of the Master: if we want to understand the great value Epicurus 4 There are enough sneers from outsiders to justify calling Epicurean friendships 'notorious' .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4281", "words": "17661", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Obbink, Dirk", "title": "The Atheism of Epicurus", "date": "1989", "keywords": "argument; atheism; atheists; belief; carneades; charge; cic; cicero; cult; dirk; dirk obbink; divine; epicurean; epicurus; epi\u00ad; esp; existence; fact; gods; gomperz; greek; henrichs; kat; math; nat.d; obbink; p.187; philodemus; piet; posidonius; religion; sextus; studies; supra; views", "summary": "Math. 9.25 (Epic. fr.356 Us.), which attests that according to Epicurus people originally derived the conception of god from pre\u00ad sentations received in sleep (EK 'trov Ku'ta 'tou~ U1tVOU~ cpuv'tUOtrov olum 'tou~ a v - 9pOmou~ EVVOtUV t01tUKEVm 9EOU), and quotes Epicurus' explanation: 'For when great images of human shape impressed them during sleep, they supposed that some such gods of human shape really existed (IlEYUAcoV yap tiowAcoV, CPl1oi. A lex. 173-75); Lucian OBBINK, DIRK, The Atheism of Epicurus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:2 (1989) p.187 198 THE ATHEISM OF EPICURUS authors did of course occupy themselves in speculating where, in the Epicurean universe, such gods could exist.34", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4291", "words": "20427", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Vander Waerdt, Paul A.", "title": "Colotes and the Epicurean Refutation of Skepticism", "date": "1989", "keywords": "a. vander; academic; apraxia; apraxia argument; arcesilaus; argument; assent; case; colotes; d.l; democritus; epicurean; epicurus; epoche; evidence; greek; impressions; kat; p.225; paul a.; plutarch; pyrrho; refutation; sedley; self; senses; skepticism; socrates; studies; supra; vander; vander waerdt; waerdt", "summary": "VANDER WAERDT, PAUL A., Colotes and the Epicurean Refutation of Skepticism , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:2 (1989) p.225 Colotes and the Epicurean Refutation of Skepticism Paul A. Vander Waerdt M y OBJECTIVE here is to map out the successive stages of de\u00ad velopment in the Epicurean refutation of skepticism. 225 VANDER WAERDT, PAUL A., Colotes and the Epicurean Refutation of Skepticism , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:2 (1989)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4301", "words": "12698", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Sedley, David", "title": "The Proems of Empedocles and Lucretius", "date": "1989", "keywords": "david; david sedley; elements; empedocles; em\u00ad; epicurean; epicurus; furley; greek; lines; lucretius; nature; opening; p.269; passage; poem; proems; roman; sedley; studies; transmigration; venus", "summary": "If Aristotle chooses Empedocles rather than the far more suitable Democritus for that role, it is surely because Empedodes, perhaps alone among the Presocratics, has actually supplied him with an illustration of what a non-teleological explanation of an organism 46 Furley (61 with n.15) supports his thesis with the claim that Lucretius 5.837-41 is a translation of Empedocles B 57. Furley is right to point out the clear reminiscence of Empedocles B 137, in which Empedocles attacks the sin of animal slaughter with the example of a father unwittingly sacrificing his own son, who has transmigrated into the body of an ox.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-431", "words": "5502", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Simelidis, Christos", "title": "Honouring the Bridegroom like God: Theodore Prodromos Carm. Hist. 6.46", "date": "2006", "keywords": "bridegroom; carm; case; ger; god; gregory; ka\u2039; paraphrase; phrase; poem; poetry; prodromos; sappho; theodore; use; words; ye\u00fan; yousin", "summary": "30.48\u201350 (ed. Littlewood) o\uf8fftow (sc. \u0131 o\u2030now) e\u00c8fra\u00a4nei kard\u00a4an, o\uf8fftow diege\u00a4rei pr\u00daw e\u00c8xarist\u00a4an ka\u2039 pr\u00daw \u00cfmnouw \u00a7rey\u00a4zei ka\u2039 kat\u00e3nujin \u00a7mpoie\u203a ka\u2039 d\u00e3kruon \u00a7kkale\u203atai t\u00da ye\u203aon \u00a7jileo\u00camenon; Symeon of Thessalonike \u00c9Epistol\u00d8 pr\u00daw Lauri\u2248taw (B9).382\u2013383 (\u00d6Erga Yeologik\u00e3 p.183 Balfour) \u2026w \u00e9ll\u00c6louw pr\u00daw t\u00da kal\u00dan \u00e9e\u2039 \u00a7rey\u00a4zete, ka\u2039 \u00e9delf\u00daw t\u201c \u00e9delf\u201c bohye\u00a4tv. In addition, Eustathius De capta Thessalonica is worth citing here (p.114.14\u201315 Kyriakidis): efistr\u00b0xontew g\u00e5r ka\u2039 efiw a\u00c8to\u00c1w \u2022k\u00e3stouw (sc. to\u00c1w nao\u00caw) ofl b\u00e3rbaroi \u00a7po\u00a4oun p\u00e3ndeina ka\u2039 o\u00c2a ye\u00dan \u00a7rey\u00a4zein efiw \u00eamunan.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4311", "words": "6066", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "50", "author": "White, Michael J.", "title": "What to Say to a Geometer", "date": "1989", "keywords": "argument; epicurean; geometer; geometry; lines; michael; studies; vlastos; white", "summary": "Of course, that the argument's source was Epicurean and that they made this sort of dialectical use of it is but a conjecture, supported by very little circumstantial evi\u00ad dence.14 13 Sedley points out that in the case of 'natural' atomic motion and the 1tap\u00ad tYKA.t(n~, we are evidently dealing with parallel straight lines with a privileged orientation (i.e., down/up). Finally, Proclus comments that \u00b7someone could say (evidently, someone not assuming the parallel postulate) that straight lines whose interior angles total less than two right angles but are greater than or equal to some angle a \u2022 remain nonsecant; but if the total is less than a, they intersect (370.4-10).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4321", "words": "10281", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Clay, Diskin", "title": "A Lost Epicurean Community", "date": "1989", "keywords": "alexander; athens; casanova; chilton; clay; community; diogenes; diskin; epicurean; epicurean community; epicurus; greek; inscription; letter; lucian; new; oenoanda; p.313; philosophy; roman; smith; studies", "summary": "In adopting the combined philosophical form of letter and dialogue Diogenes is also imitating Epicurus' Symposium, which is a dialogue between Epicu\u00ad rus and Polyaenus. But in Oenoanda Diogenes waged his own war with the three philosophical sects that were well disposed to Alexander.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4331", "words": "9200", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Lang, Mabel", "title": "Unreal Conditions in Homeric Narrative", "date": "1989", "keywords": "conditions; greek; hector; homeric; iliad; lang; mabel; narrative; odyssey; protases; pseudo; studies; type; zeus", "summary": "First, a distinction must be noted among unreal conditions de\u00ad pending on whether the protases are affirmative or negative. It will be use\u00ad fu , therefore, to consider the two kinds of unreal conditions separately, treating first those with negative protases which make up four-fifths of the total number in the Iliad (35 of 44) but only half of those in the Odyssey, again reflecting the different usage in the two epics.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4341", "words": "5190", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Race, William H.", "title": "The Six Crowns at Pindar, Isthmian 1.10-12", "date": "1989", "keywords": "castor; crowns; games; greek; herodotus; p.27; pindar; race; studies; theban; thebes; victories; victory; william", "summary": "Against the hypothesis that the six are victories shared by Theban athletes in one Isthmiad he can only say: dass Pindar in keinem Epi\u00ad nikion Siege, welche von den Bewohnern der Heimatstadt des Siegers gewon\u00ad nen wurden, erwahnt, dass er sich viclmehr nur urn die Siege dessen, dem die Ode gewidmet ist, und dessen Familie kiimmert. RACE, WILLIAM H., The Six Crowns at Pindar, Isthmian 1.10-12 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:1 (1989) p.27 WILLIAM H. RACE because it bestowed six crowns on Cadmus' people from its games, the glory of victory for their fatherland.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4351", "words": "12235", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Lewis, R. G.", "title": "The Procedural Basis of Sophocles\u2019 Oedipus Tyrannus", "date": "1989", "keywords": "andoc; athenian; basis; case; chorus; creon; evidence; greek; harrison; homicide; law; lewis; macdowell; oedipus; oedipus tyrannus; p.41; play; r. g.; sophocles; studies; trial; tyrannus", "summary": "Rather, we should expect to find the essential basis of his exposition in a single process identifiable in Attic law; and if the poet needed to modify or amplify it with any other, the t Exponents of the theme (cited hereafter by authors' names) include B. M. W. KNOX, Oedipus at Thebes (New Haven 1957) 78ff, and G. GREIFFENHAGEN, Der Prozess des Oedipus, Hermes 94 (1966) 147--76 (further literature at 148f); cf R. D. D AWE, Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannus (Cambridge 1982) esp. LEWIS, R. G., The Procedural Basis of Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:1 (1989) p.41 R. G. LEWIS 49 evidence that, like Oedipus, either made a public appeal for testi\u00ad mony or laid a curse on those who knew something but failed to reveal it.25 In Attic law, if summoned they could probably be compelled to testify, even if their evidence was self-incrim\u00ad inating; but neither prosecutor nor archon would, like Oedipus, offer immunity from punishment in respect of such evidence,26 nor would it normally in a murder trial be available.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4361", "words": "31784", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Robertson, Noel", "title": "Melanthus, Codrus, Neleus, Caucon: Ritual Myth as Athenian History", "date": "1988", "keywords": "andania; apollo; artemis; athenian; athens; autumn; basile; caucon; cauconians; city; codrus; cult; daughter; demeter; dionysus; eleusis; eleutherae; family; festival; goatskin; greek; hecataeus; hellanicus; herodotus; history; ionian; king; line; man; melaenae; melanaigis; melanthus; miletus; mysteries; myth; neleus; noel; noel robertson; p.201; pausanias; place; pylos; ritual; robertson; sanctuary; second; story; studies; supra; time; trick", "summary": "We should note that all these methods were in use, and are reflected just as clearly in other stories in which Athena's accoutrement, it may be the helmet or the Gorgon-head rather than the aigis, serves as an instrument of terror. Other names are simply the crop or plant (A{vos, !.raq>vAos, ilac/>v7J, r YaKtVOos) or its desired condition (' AvO\u00a3vs 'Blooming', PL~OS 'Bristling', like an ear of ripe corn).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4371", "words": "7189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Slater, Niall W.", "title": "Aristophanes\u2019 Apprenticeship Again", "date": "1989", "keywords": "acharnians; actor; apprenticeship; aristophanes; chorus; cleon; dicaeopolis; greek; niall; niall w.; p.67; play; poet; slater; studies", "summary": "SLATER, NIALL W., Aristophanes' Apprenticeship Again , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:1 (1989) p.67 Aristophanes' Apprenticeship Again Niall W. Slater T HE TWO passages in Acbarnians where Dicaeopolis sudden\u00ad ly seems to become Aristophanes himself (at lines 377ff and 497ff) have evoked considerable interest recently.1 In both places Dicaeopolis refers to his troubles with Cleon in a way that makes it clear that he is speaking not as the character but as the poet: (1)'to<;; 't' EJlau'tov U1tO KAEOlVO<;; a.1ta6ov E1tta'taJlal OUI Tllv 1tEpUallCroJlq>OtClV. daEAlCuaa<;; yap Jl' d<;; 'to ~OUAEU'tTtPLOV 380 OlE~aAAE lCat 'VEUOi\\ lCa'tEYAronl~E JlOU lCa1CUlCAO~OPEl lCa.1tAUVEV, roa't' OAt you 1taVU a1troAOJlllV JlOAUV01tpaYJlovOUJlEVO<;;. D. F. Sutton, in the context of an analysis of the metatheatrical t They are the focus of Dana Ferrin SlJITON, Dicaeopolis as Aristophanes, Aristophanes as Dicaeopolis, LCM 13 (1988: hereafter 'Sutton') 105-08, and E. 1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4381", "words": "7712", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Bicknell, P. J.", "title": "Athenians Politically Active in Pnyx II", "date": "1989", "keywords": "athenians; bicknell; city; coast; demes; hansen; inland; pnyx", "summary": "OS (PA 10352), who had a very special reason for BICKNELL, P. J., Athenians Politically Active in Pnyx II , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:1 (1989) p.83 P. J. BICKNELL being given the floor for proposing a mission to Philip in 348/ 7; he had recently been ransomed and hoped to recover the money (Aeschin. 2.12). These now comprise: 'AVOO1dOTlS AEOY'(OpOU Kuoa9Tlva1.EUS (PA 828).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4391", "words": "6129", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Rauk, John", "title": "Erinna\u2019s Distaff and Sappho Fr.94", "date": "1989", "keywords": "baucis; distaff; erinna; fr.94; friend; greek; john; marriage; p.101; poem; pompilos; rauk; sappho; sappho fr.94; studies; supra", "summary": "RAUK, JOHN, Erinna's Distaff and Sappho Fr.94 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:1 (1989) p.101 Erinna's Distaff and Sappho Fr.94 John Rauk SCHOLARS HAVE frequently noticed a general similarity in situation between Erinna's Distaff, in which Erinna recalls her life with Baucis, and Sappho fr.94 (L.-P.), which pre\u00ad sents a similar picture of the relationship between Sappho and a female companion. 101 RAUK, JOHN, Erinna's Distaff and Sappho Fr.94 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 30:1 (1989) p.101 102 ERINNA'S DISTAFF AND SAPPHO FR.94 extensive papyrus fragment 4 which shows that the subject of the poem was the marriage and subsequent death of Erinna's childhood friend, Baucis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4401", "words": "10050", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Solmsen, Friedrich", "title": "Classical Scholarship in Berlin between the Wars", "date": "1989", "keywords": "berlin; book; courses; eduard; fraenkel; friedrich; greek; group; history; jaeger; new; norden; p.117; p.117 friedrich; re\u00ad; roman; scholarship; solmsen; students; studies; time; wars; wilamowitz; years", "summary": "Generalizations are impossible; still, an inten\u00ad sive effort at penetrating to the personality of the great authors, their spiritual and artistic traits, and their achievements was char\u00ad acteristic of scholars as different as Jaeger, Eduard Fraenkel, Reinhardt, Hermann Frankel, Friedlander, Regenbogen, Kling\u00ad ner, Von der Miihll, and many others of this generation and their pupils. Attention to externals, while losing ground, varied naturally with the subject; I recall Jaeger in his course on Aes\u00ad chylus keeping it at a minimum, while in that on Demosthenes it loomed large.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-441", "words": "5375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Jordan, D. R.", "title": "P.Duk.inv. 729, Magical Formulae", "date": "2006", "keywords": "charakt\u00eares; formulae; greek; jordan; ka\u2039; leaf; man; p.duk.inv; pgm; right; spell; supplmag; toad", "summary": "\u00abFil\u00a4tv` me [t\u00dan d(e)\u203a(na), \u02d8n \u00b6-] 23 tek(en) \u2264\u0300 d\u0300(e)\u203a(na), [\u2264 d(e)\u203a(na), \u2202n \u00b6tek(en) \u2264 d(e)\u203a(na), ka\u2039 \u00a7n p\u00e3]s\u0300\u02d9\u0300 peript[\u2248si.\u00bb \u00c9Ep\u2039 (d\u00a2?) t\u00d8n] 24 t\u00e3blan\u0300\u0300 [ta\u00cathn \u00a7gx\u00e3rajon ka\u2039] \u02dc\u0300ti: \u00abKatad\u00ab [t\u00d8n d(e)\u203a(na) afigu-] 25 ptist\u2039 k\u0300[at\u00e5 to\u00cb meg\u00e3lou yeo\u00cb:] * * * * [ * * * ] 26 IAI * * * [ * * * * * * ] * `: [Fil\u00a4tv me] 27 \u2264 d(e)\u203a(na) di\u00e5 t\u00ab[n xarakt\u00c6rvn to\u00catvn.\u00bb v a c a t ] \u2194 28", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4411", "words": "5617", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Clay, Jenny Strauss", "title": "What the Muses Sang: Theogony 1-115", "date": "1988", "keywords": "clay; gods; greek; hesiod; human; jenny; muses; proem; song; strauss; studies; supra; theogony; things; truth; zeus", "summary": "M. E. Pellikan-Engel, Hesiod and Parmenides (Amsterdam 1974); H. Schwabl, Hesiod und Parmenides: Zur Formung des parmenideischen Prooimions, RhM 106 (1963) 138-42; and E. F. Dolin, Parmenides and Hesiod, HSCP 66 (1962) 93-98. 24 To conclude: through a complex series of parallels, juxtapositions, and contrasts, the sequence of songs sung by the Muses in the proem throws into relief certain unique characteristics of Hesiod's theogonic song that follows.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4421", "words": "4596", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Gagarin, Michael", "title": "The First Law of the Gortyn Code", "date": "1988", "keywords": "case; code; gortyn; interpretation; law; legal; michael; rosen; sentence; slave; verb", "summary": "28 On these problems see Rosen 15f, Maffi (supra n.5) 14f, van Eifenterre (supra n.6) 50. Most significantly Rosen argues that in the first sen\u00ad tence the datives iAEV(UpOL and a ciA OL designate not the object of contention (contend about x) but rather the other party to the suit (contend against x).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4431", "words": "7367", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Moorton, Jr, Richard F.", "title": "Aristophanes on Alcibiades", "date": "1988", "keywords": "aeschylus; alcibiades; aristophanes; athenian; athens; city; dionysus; frogs; greek; moorton; p.345; recall; richard; studies; winter", "summary": "Cleophon was the most influential leader at Athens in 405 and the very type of new politician that the chorus soon urges the audience to reject in favor of the kaloi kagathoi (717-37), among whom it would not be inaccurate to class Alcibiades, an Alcmaeonid with blood as blue as any. MOORTON, RICHARD F., JR, Aristophanes on Alcibiades , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 29:4 (1988:Winter) p.345 Aristophanes on Alcibiades Richard F. Moorton, Jr", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4441", "words": "11121", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Yunis, Harvey", "title": "Law, Politics, and the Graphe Paranomon in Fourth-Century Athens", "date": "1988", "keywords": "athenian; athens; century; decree; demosthenes; graphe paranomon; greek; hansen; harvey; jurors; law; oem; paranomon; plea; politics; prosecutor; roman; speech; statute; studies; yunis", "summary": "In both cases there were also proper legal pleas advanced: Oem. 22.5-11; implied in [Oem.] 59.4. For the sake of convenience, I will call the plea of paranomon the 'legal plea', and the latter two pleas, concerning inexpediency and unworthiness, 'political pleas'.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4451", "words": "2884", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Tracy, Stephen V.", "title": "IG II2 937: Athens and the Seleucids", "date": "1988", "keywords": "athens; dotted; kal; line; seleucids", "summary": "[ELvat o~ aVT]OO[L Kllat o-lTl1o-[tV EIJ- 7rp]vTavdooL alTl1o-alJ-tvoot K[a]- [Ta TOVs Vb]IJ-0VS' Ta o~ o/~cpLo-lIJ-)a TbOE avaypao/at Tav ypalJ-- [ , ']' , ['] , \\ \\ ()' , , lJ-aTEa TOV KaTa 7rpVTaVELaV EL S o-Tl1Al1V AL LVl1V lCaL ava- I , ~I A \\, e \\ ] av wv 0 u7Jp. o~ OVI\\.Op.\u20acVO~ a~LW~ TLp.av TOV~ aya ov~ 5t ' [A-.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4461", "words": "7683", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Baker, Aaron", "title": "Eunapius\u2019 \u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u1f1c\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 and Photius", "date": "1988", "keywords": "aaron; baker; beginning; bibliotheca; books; codex; edition; ekdosis; eunapius; greek; history; nea; p.389; paschoud; photius; read; studies; winter; work", "summary": "On the interpretation proposed by Henry, Photius saw both fleOOUfLS bound in one codex with apparently some matter intervening, and bound next to each other in another codex (that by TfVXOS Photius means 'codex' is urged, correctly I believe, by T. Birt, Das antike Buchwesen in seinem Verhtiltniss zur Litteratur Kat EV fLEV Tn 7rPWTV 7rOA>~V KaT a TijS Ka8apas < n ~ X ~, , Q~ ,' \\ \\ l> ' ~ ~ \\ n \u2022 Q~ Q ~ , 1\\7JVLK7JV a7rOCTEfLvVVEL uELCTLuaLfLovLav, 7rOl\\l\\a TWV EVCTE,..WV ,..", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4471", "words": "5356", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Lee, A. D.", "title": "Close-Kin Marriage in Late Antique Mesopotamia", "date": "1988", "keywords": "century; greek; justinian; kin; kin marriage; law; marriage; mesopotamia; osrhoene; persian; practice; roman; studies", "summary": "This law is di\u00ad rected specifically to inhabitants of the provinces of Osrhoene and Mesopotamia who have entered into unlawful marriages (gamoi athe\u00ad mitoi). Reference is then made to a law of Justinian that penalises those living in unlawful marriages (athemitoi gamoi).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4481", "words": "24586", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Rehm, Rush", "title": "The Staging of Suppliant Plays", "date": "1988", "keywords": "action; adrastus; aeschylus; aethra; altar; area; athens; audience; autumn; center; century; chorus; dionysus; door; euripides; furies; greek; opening; orchestra altar; orestes; p.263; place; plays; position; rehm; rush; scene; stage; stage altar; staging; studies; suppliant; supra; taplin; temple; theater; theseus; tomb; tragedy", "summary": "According to the generally accepted view, the altar at which suppliants in various plays made their entreaties is totally distinct from the ritual altar of Dionysus which belonged to the fes\u00ad tival, not to the play, and was in the centre ofthe orchestra,7 The lat\u00ad ter structure (here called I~ ~ '1. ~ I WS' LuW uL?TI\\OVV ICaiCOV, \\ \\ 6 Excellent sense would be attained by writing \\ \\ '1. ~ ''1. I~> <", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4521", "words": "8590", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Goff, Barbara E.", "title": "The Shields of Phoenissae", "date": "1988", "keywords": "aeschylean; barbara; barbara e.; eteocles; goff; greek; p.135; phoenissae; play; polyneices; scene; shield; sphinx; studies; summer; thebes", "summary": "It is true that some sort of shield scene appears to be anticipated in several strategic references made to shields (120, 142,251,576,796, 1073), and more precisely by the teichoskopia and Eteocles' dismissive comment to Creon (751f: lJvofLa 0' (Kcl.OTOV o,aTp,{3~ 7TOAA~ A\u20acY\u00a3LV EX8pWV 1m' aVTo,!> In Foley's view (128), Attempts to interpret Euripides' description of warriors, gates and shields as symbolic have been notably unsuccessful, and the lack of significant pattern becomes a statement in itself ....", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4531", "words": "15930", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Wheeler, Everett L.", "title": "\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5: The History of a Greek Proverb", "date": "1988", "keywords": "alexander; aristotle; association; attack; b.c; cato; century; cicero; clausewitz; clearchus; diodorus; diogenianus; duris; everett; everett l.; greek; history; kal; kat; kena; kena tou; l. wheeler; panic; phrase; polemou; polla; polla kena; polybius; problem; proverb; source; stratagem; studies; summer; supra; thucydides; tou; tov; toy; use; war; wheeler", "summary": ", \\ ,~ ,~, \\ \\ ~ \\ \\ ~ ~ . I\\fapxo~. 177 This amusing passage on the libido of birds is not as irrelevant to military panic as it may initially appear (and its biological accuracy is not pertinent to my argument).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4541", "words": "5372", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Heskel, Julia", "title": "The Political Background of the Arybbas Decree", "date": "1988", "keywords": "alexander; arybbas; athens; background; date; decree; greek; heskel; julia; philip; studies; summer", "summary": "12 This evi\u00ad dence must be interpreted in the light of the account provided by Dio\u00ad dorus: in a chronographic section under 342/1 (archonship of So\u00ad sigenes), he says that in this year Arybbas king of the Molossians died after ruling for ten years; he was survived by a son Aeacides, but In the last phase of their relations, Philip expelled Arybbas from his kingdom and put Alexander, Arybbas' nephew, on the throne; Arybbas sought refuge in Athens, where he and his descendants were voted various honors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4551", "words": "15973", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Hammond, N. G. L.", "title": "More on Conditions of Production to the Death of Aeschylus", "date": "1988", "keywords": "aeschylus; apollo; athena; b.c; conditions; darius; death; furies; g. l.; greek; hammond; n. g.; orchestra; orestes; painting; play; production; prometheus; rock; spring; studies; supra; theatre", "summary": "Finally, the plots of Aeschylus' plays were the subject of a special study ca 400 B.C. by Glaucus of Rhegium,29 which presupposes that there was a list of such plays. I We owe our knowledge of the early theatre to various factors: literary testimonia, archaeological discoveries, vase-paint\u00ad ings, plays and fragments of Aeschylus, and our own experience in the production of plays.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4561", "words": "8285", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Lewis, R. G.", "title": "An Alternative Date for Sophocles\u2019 Antigone", "date": "1988", "keywords": "alternative; antigone; athenian; date; greek; lewis; p.35; pericles; pluto; samian; sophocles; spring; studies; supra; war; year", "summary": "8 Appointment to the board-indeed apparently to head it-of Sophocles the poet, while no proof of political sympathy with Empire (Oxford 1972 [hereafter 'Meiggs')) 244f; V. Ehrenberg, Sophocles and Pericles (Oxford 1954) 120f. According to the Vita (1) Sophocles was general with not only Pericles, but also a prominent bearer of the name Thucydides-presumably supposed to be the son of Melesias rather than the historian.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4571", "words": "3616", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "The Organization of the Athenian Assembly: A Reply", "date": "1988", "keywords": "assembly; athenian; auditorium; bicknell; hansen; organization; pnyx; stanton; trittys", "summary": "Pnyx. 10 M. H. Hansen, The Construction of Pnyx II and the Introduction of Assembly Pay, CIMed 37 (1986) 91; cf H. A. Thompson, The Pnyx in Models, Hesperia Suppl. 19 (1982) 135: The natural contours of the hillside would have permitted many citizens to sit or stand outside the dressed seating floor. 11 Listed and described by Siewert (supra n.2) 12 with n.57. 12 Following Moysey,14 I still hold that the Thirty may well have started the rebuilding as reported by Plutarch, perhaps as a pretext for closing the Pnyx; I refuse to believe, however, that the elaborate building up of the auditorium of Pnyx II is the work of the oligarchs.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4581", "words": "7747", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Solmsen, Friedrich", "title": "Abdera\u2019s Arguments for the Atomic Theory", "date": "1988", "keywords": "abdera; abderites; arguments; aristotle; atom; breaking; democritus; epicurus; finis; friedrich; greek; guthrie; lucretius; p.59; solmsen; spring; studies; supra; theory; zeno", "summary": "Aristotle De gen. et carr. 39 See Democritus 88 and 125; Epicurus ad Herod. 40.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4591", "words": "2442", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Langdon, Merle K.", "title": "The \u0396\u03a9/\u0392\u0391 Horoi at Vari in Attica", "date": "1988", "keywords": "greek; horoi; langdon; vari", "summary": "The date for Period XVII of Attic letter forms in W. Larfeld's Handbuch der griechischen Epigraphik 11.2 (Leipzig 1902) 490-501. I take them to be rough in\u00ad dicators of the boundary line,4 even though their orientation is not all 4 I know of nothing quite like them in other Greek inscriptions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4601", "words": "1899", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Vanderspoel, John", "title": "Iamblichus at Daphne", "date": "1988", "keywords": "antioch; apamea; daphne; iamblichus; malalas; place", "summary": "3 One item that still requires a satisfactory explanation is the statement of Malalas that Iamblichus lived at Daphne during the reign of Ga\u00ad lerius (312.11f [Bonn]): E'1TL aE Tfi!; at,Tov /3a(rLA\u00a3ta!; 'IciJ.L/3ALXo!; 0 cpLAO- f.. 'St'St ,~, A' f.. ~ 'I. ~ , ~ Th' cro. If it refers to the philosopher himself, Malalas is wrong: lamblichus almost certainly was not residing at Daphne when he died, but at Apamea.11 Reference 8 Would Malalas actually have found information on the death of Iamblichus in the 'Stadtannalen' of Antioch, as A. Schenk von Stauff enberg, Die romische Kaiserge\u00ad schichte bei Mala/as (Stuttgart 1931) 407, suggests?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-461", "words": "7807", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Martin, Gunther", "title": "Rhetorical Exercise or Political Pamphlet? Thomas Magistros\u2019 Exploitation of Demosthenes\u2019 Against Leptines", "date": "2006", "keywords": "ateleia; athens; byzantine; declamations; demosthenes; emperor; exercise; ka\u2039; law; leptines; liturgies; liturgy; magistros; peri; pronoia; speech; speeches; time", "summary": "Thus speeches on this topic were not just written as rhetorical exercises and showpieces to impress one\u2019s audience.11 Whether Thomas Magistros\u2019 declamations make use of those of Aristeides is impossible to say.12 Only some of the core issues of Aristeides\u2019 speech (as suggested by himself) are taken up.13 Essential parts of Demosthenes\u2019 argumentation are also dis- regarded by Magistros. This paper aims to demonstrate that Magistros chose and altered the form and subject matter of the Demosthenic model deliberately so as to allude to an issue of great importance in his own time: the problem of the Byzantine pronoia and its possible abolition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4611", "words": "2823", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Sutton, Dana Ferrin", "title": "Evidence for Lost Dramatic Hypotheses", "date": "1988", "keywords": "euripides; evidence; hypotheses; logothetes; play; satyr; sutton; tzetzes", "summary": "If tragedies could reflect contemporary events, why exclude the possibility that satyr plays could have done the same? EKA1J 1J TWV EVPOVTWV aVT1JV 1JTO& -yEWP-yWV Ka& EVTEAWV av PW7TWV, an In a scholium to Aristophanes he goes so far as to define a satyr fUTL aE KaL ~OV.4 ullJ-os and cpaAaKpos are words found in satyr play to describe satyrs and Silenus (for the former ef KannichtlSnell, TrGF adesp.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4621", "words": "12937", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Friedrich, Rainer", "title": "Thrinakia and Zeus\u2019 Ways to Men in the Odyssey", "date": "1987", "keywords": "comrades; crew; divine; epic; fenik; friedrich; gods; greek; helios; men; odysseus; odyssey; p.375; poet; poseidon; rainer; studies; supra; thrinakia; thrinakia adventure; ways; winter; zeus", "summary": "If, as the pointed use of atasthaliai suggests, the killing of the sun\u00ad god's cattle by Odysseus' crew is on a par with the hybris of Aegisthus and the suitors, then Odysseus' comrades can be said to bear responsi\u00ad bility for their suffering: they brought ruin on themselves, just as Aegisthus and the suitors did; and the fate of Odysseus' comrades serves as a third illustration of the new ethos enunciated by Zeus. M. I. Finley, The World of Odysseus 2 (Harmondsworth 1978) 140f, speaks of a 'moral revolution' in the Olympian religion in which Zeus was transformed from the king of a heroic society to the principle of cosmic justice.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4631", "words": "12955", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Tsitsibakou-Vasalos, Evanthia", "title": "The Meter of the Lille Stesichorus", "date": "1987", "keywords": "anceps; ancher; dipody; end; enoplios; evanthia; greek; haslam; hemiepes; lille; lille stesichorus; lrigoin; meter; p.401; rhythm; short; stesichorus; studies; tsitsibakou; vasalos; verse; winter; word", "summary": "Second, there is a lack of conclusive evidence for lrigoin's thesis that the alternative metrical analysis of identical verses depends on the pattern of word-division, quite simply because he has not proved sufficiently that word-division is avoided between metrical elements. Ste\u00ad sichorus' inventions would be properly musical and the poet would represent an intermediate stage between primitive dactylo-trochaics, formed essentially of descending elements, and the elaborate dactylo\u00ad trochaics of Pindar in which Stesichorus' musical formulae, although they preserve their effect (retrogradation rythmique et equilibre periodologique), have become true metrical elements treated as such by means of synapheia, and assure the identity of the metrical rhythm and musical, melodic rhythm.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4641", "words": "3315", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Fowler, Robert L.", "title": "Sappho fr.31.9", "date": "1987", "keywords": "fowler; line; robert; sappho; text; theocritus; tmesis", "summary": "FOWLER, ROBERT L., Sappho fr. 31.9 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 28:4 (1987:Winter) Page objected to the sense, thinking that yAwOOa could not be used to mean 'power of speech', and that KaTayvv/J-t could not be 433 FOWLER, ROBERT L., Sappho fr. 31.9 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 28:4 (1987:Winter)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4651", "words": "8946", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Sch\u00fctrumpf, Eckart", "title": "The Rhetra of Epitadeus: A Platonist\u2019s Fiction", "date": "1987", "keywords": "account; agis; aristotle; bill; epitadeus; fiction; greek; history; law; plato; platonist; plutarch; property; rhetra; sch\u00fctrumpf; sparta; studies; supra; winter", "summary": "Historians since Meyer have either shared his scepticism\u00ad they are definitely the minority23 -or accepted Plutarch and continue to treat Epitadeus as a historical figure,24 as do Oliva,25 Christien,26 18 D. ASHERI, Sulla legge di Epitadeo, Athenaeum 39 (1961: hereafter 'Asheri') 49 n.12, has already referred to this passage to explain Agis 5 as a typical description of oligarchy. As far as I am aware, no one has yet recognized that Plutarch's account of Spartan conditions before the time of Agis, including the changes brought about by Epitadeus, is an adaptation of the passage we quoted from Republic 8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4661", "words": "7875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Petzl, Georg; Malay, Hasan", "title": "A New Confession-Inscription from the Katakekaumene", "date": "1987", "keywords": "confession; georg; god; greek; herrmann; inscription; kal; katakekaumene; malay; p.459; petzl; roman; stone; studies; supra; syntyche; tam; thief; tov; v.l; winter", "summary": "The chronological indica\u00ad tion seems to be related apo koinou to (7T, lCaTa T7JU a7rOI\\VCTLU TOV auaTOV, 't.7Jp.LOOCTaUTOS ~\\ \\ \\ , ~", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4771", "words": "877", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "85", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Rhetores and Strategoi: Addenda et Corrigenda", "date": "1987", "keywords": "read", "summary": "Strategos, for 390/389 read: 389/8; cf Develin. 200ff; cf Develin).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4781", "words": "10737", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Eckstein, A. M.", "title": "Nabis and Flamininus on the Argive Revolutions of 198 and 197 B.C.", "date": "1987", "keywords": "achaean; argives; argos; aymard; b.c; city; debate; eckstein; flamininus; greek; livy; nabis; polybius; regime; revolutions; sparta; studies; summer; war", "summary": "Pythagoras was the brother of Nabis' wife (on whose cruelties at Argos see Polyb. 18.17) and was also Nabis' son-in-law. ECKSTEIN, A. M., Nabis and Flamininus on the Argive Revolutions of 198 and 197 B.C. ,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4791", "words": "8636", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Bradbury, Scott", "title": "The Date of Julian\u2019s Letter to Themistius", "date": "1987", "keywords": "arguments; bidez; bradbury; caesar; constantius; date; emperor; greek; julian; letter; life; p.235; philosophy; rostagni; scott; studies; summer; themistius; time; tov; years", "summary": "including works of Julian derive from a lost tenth-century archetype. At 266A Julian speaks of having freed himself insofar as he could from Themistius' re\u00ad proaches \u00ab(7ftTtfJ-~CT(ts)-reproaches clearly made in response to state\u00ad ments contained in a previous letter or letters of Julian.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4801", "words": "9827", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Hubbard, Thomas K.", "title": "Two Notes on the Myth of Aeacus in Pindar", "date": "1987", "keywords": "aeacus; gods; greek; hubbard; isthm; myth; n.4; notes; peleus; pindar; poseidon; prophecy; spring; story; studies; supra; thetis; thomas; tradition; troy; zeus", "summary": "It is not uncharacteristic of Pin dar to credit a father with what was in fact the achievement of his son;7 Aeacus was ultimately responsible for begetting and rearing such noble sons (whose many virtues are listed immediately following in 26-28)8 that 4 Cf L. Dissen apud A. Boeckh, ed., Pindari opera quae supersunl 11.2 (Leipzig 1821) 544; F. Mezger, Pindars Siegeslieder (Leipzig 1880) 358; J. B. Bury, The Isthmian Odes of Pindar (London 1892) 143; U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Pindaros (Berlin 1922) 197; L. R. Farnell, The Works of Pindar II (London 1932) 379; K. Fehr, Die My then bei Pindar (Zurich 1936) 42f; H. North, Pindar, Isthmian, 8, 24-28, AlP 69 (1948) 306; A. Peuch, Pindare3 IV (Paris 1961) 77; C. Carey, A Commentary on Five Odes of Pindar (Salem 1981) 193; Thummer (supra n.2) II 133. But perhaps more typical is the attitude of E. Thummer, Pindar: Die Isthmischen Gedichte (Heidelberg 1968) II 134, who presents exhaustive commentary on other details in the composition of the ode but says in regard to one notable case of mythological innovation, Es ist hier nicht notwendig, die von Pindar gewahlte Version ... gegenuber der anderen Mythentradition abzugrenzen und Verbindungslinien aufzuzeigen. . ..", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-481", "words": "12273", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "49", "author": "Pazdernik, Charles", "title": "Xenophon\u2019s Hellenica in Procopius\u2019 Wars: Pharnabazus and Belisarius", "date": "2006", "keywords": "addressee; agesilaus; allegiance; allusion; belisarius; change; charles; condition; fellow; freedom; gelimer; hellenica; justinian; kaldellis; ka\u2039; king; letter; master; pazdernik; pharas; pharnabazus; procopius; reader; roman; slave; submission; terms; wars; xenophon", "summary": "d\u00canamin ka\u2039 di\u00e5 t\u00d8n klop\u00d8n \u00a7jergas\u00a4an \u00a7mb\u00e3llein ka\u2039 \u00a7pide\u00a4knusyai spoud\u00e3zvn brad\u00c1w ka\u2039 m\u00b0llvn ka\u2039 \u00e9naballom\u00b0n\u0192 \u00a7oik\u2206w fa\u00a4netai Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 46 (2006) 175\u2013206 \u00a9 2006 GRBS Xenophon\u2019s Hellenica in Procopius\u2019 Wars:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4811", "words": "6217", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Dyson, Michael", "title": "Euripides Medea 1056-80", "date": "1987", "keywords": "children; dyson; euripides; exile; greek; lines; medea; michael; passage; revenge; studies", "summary": "DYSON, MICHAEL, Euripides Medea 1056-80 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 28:1 (1987:Spring) p.23 Euripides Medea 1056-80 Michael Dyson SINCE THE RENEWAL of an old attack on the authenticity of Medea 1056-80, above all in an influential article by M. D. Reeve, the conviction that the lines are spurious bids fair to become the new orthodoxy and has been incorporated into the recent Oxford text of Euripides. Mp.ot (1137), which includes women's quarters with the princess installed (1143), and from which one of Jason's servants brings Medea news (1118).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4821", "words": "8537", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "How Often Did the Athenian Ekklesia Meet? A Reply", "date": "1987", "keywords": "aeschines; athenian; ekklesia; elaph; hansen; harris; herman; meetings; mogens; number; prytany; synkletos", "summary": "If ekklesia synkletos denotes an urgent meeting (as opposed to ordinary meetings called at several days' notice) it follows that the extremely infrequent ekklesiai held on festival days must have been ekklesiai synkletoi, and we have to accept 36 Quoted and discussed in the addendum AE 81. Furthermore, if we follow Harris in assuming that meetings summoned on festival days were probably ordinary meetings but that meetings held on festival days were extremely rare and were held only because the Athenians could not postpone the meeting until the festival was over, we will have to admit that both ordinary ekklesiai and ekklesiai synkletoi could be held as emergency meetings, and Harris's sharp distinction between the two types of meeting tends to break down anyway. 31 Cf AE 78 nos.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4831", "words": "22624", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Stanton, G. R.; Bicknell, P. J.", "title": "Voting in Tribal Groups in the Athenian Assembly", "date": "1987", "keywords": "agora; assembly; athenian assembly; auditorium; bema; bicknell; century; citizens; city; fig; g. r.; greek; groups; hansen; inland; order; p.51; pnyx; pnyx iii; r. stanton; rock; scarp; section; spring; stanton; stelae; studies; supra; thompson; tribal; tribes; trittys; voting", "summary": "Given the tribal divisions in Pnyx I and Pnyx III we are reluctant to dismiss such juxtaposition in the inter\u00ad mediate Pnyx II as mere coincidence. Pnyx II and Pnyx III, because they reversed the natural slope of the hill, required enormous amounts of rock and earth fill.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4841", "words": "4878", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Rigsby, Kent J.", "title": "Megara and Tripodiscus", "date": "1987", "keywords": "apollo; city; god; greek; kent; megara; plutarch; rigsby; studies; supra; temple; tripodiscus", "summary": "As to the mother-city, Pausanias tells us plainly that the temple of Apollo was on the western acropolis of Megara city. RIGSBY, KENT J., Megara and Tripodiscus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 28:1 (1987:Spring) p.93 98 MEGARA AND TRIPODISCUS claim of Delphian origin, six miles into the hills from Megara city, will be the site to which the people resorted for the great games, the TIv- 8aELa, as distinct from the TIv8aE&a TO.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4851", "words": "6289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Long, Jacqeline", "title": "The Wolf and the Lion: Synesius\u2019 Egyptian Sources", "date": "1987", "keywords": "aurelian; diodorus; egyptian; greek; huns; jacqueline; lion; long; osiris; sources; supra; synesius; typhos; wolf", "summary": "LONG, JACQUELINE, The Wolfand the Lion: Synesius' Egyptian Sources , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 28:1 (1987:Spring) p.103 The Wolf and the Lion: Synesius' Egyptian Sources Jacqueline Long O NE OF THE FEW established facts of Synesius' early career is that he pursued the higher education available at Alexandria. On the embassy see T. D. Barnes, Synesius in Constantinople, GRBS 27 (1986) 93-112; Alan Cameron, Earthquake 400, Chiron 17 (1987) 332-50; Alan Cameron, J. Long, and L. Sherry, Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius: Synesius' de Providentia (forthcoming).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4861", "words": "15358", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Behler, Ernst", "title": "A. W. Schlegel and the Nineteenth-Century Damnatio of Euripides", "date": "1986", "keywords": "a. w.; ancient; art; beauty; behler; century; damnatio; ernst; euripides; french; friedrich; greek; greek tragedy; literature; modern; p.335; poetry; schlegel; sophocles; studies; tragedy; unity; winter; work", "summary": "If one questions further the role of destiny and adversity in the fiction of the tragic poets, one must conclude that in Greek tragedy it has a BEHLER, ERNST, A. W. Schlegel and the Nineteenth-Century Damnatio of Euripides , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:4 (1986:Winter) p.335 364 THE DAMNATIO OF EURIPIDES deeply religious cause, in fatality -not in the sense of arbitrary decisions by the gods, but that fatality which reigns even over the gods (387). This principle was for them fatality in Greek tragedy, and providence in modern tragedy (388).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4871", "words": "15426", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Henrichs, Albert", "title": "The Last of the Detractors: Friedrich Nietzsche\u2019s Condemnation of Euripides", "date": "1986", "keywords": "aeschylus; albert; bacchae; condemnation; der; detractors; dionysus; euripides; friedrich; friedrich nietzsche; greek; henrichs; iii; lecture; new; nietzsche; nie\u00ad; p.369; poet; schlegel; socrates; sophocles; studies; supra; tragedy; tragic; und; werke; wilamowitz; winter", "summary": "2 Sympathetic assessments of Nietzsche's contributions to the study of Greek antiq\u00ad uity include E. Howald, Friedrich Nietzsche und die klassische Philologie (Gotha 1920), on which see J. Mansfeld, The Wilamowitz-Nietzsche Struggle: Another New Docu\u00ad ment and Some Further Comments, NSt 15 (I986) 41-58; H. Lloyd-Jones, Nie\u00ad tzsche and the Study of the Ancient World, in 1. C. O'Flaherty, T. F. Sellner, and R. M. Helm, edd., Studies in Nietzsche and the Classical Tradition 2 (Chapel Hill 1979) 1-15, repr. In reconstructing the origins of tragedy, Nietzsche proceeded from the false assumption, first advocated by K. O. MUller and later revived by Gilbert Murray, that Greek tragedy in its earliest form had for its sole theme the sufferings of Dionysus and that for a long time the only stage hero was Dionysus himself (BT 10).92 Nietzsche perceived the recorded history of Attic tragedy as a progressive de\u00ad parture from this primitive but ideal state.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4881", "words": "3996", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Mejer, Jorgen", "title": "Henrik Ibsen and the Revival of Euripides", "date": "1986", "keywords": "euripides; greek; henrik; ibsen; mejer; plays; revival; wilamowitz", "summary": "5 See Meyer 443-45 for the severe personal toll exacted for her financial dealings and the general knowledge that Ibsen had used her as a model for Nora. MEJER, J\u00d8RGEN, Henrik Ibsen and the Revival of Euripides , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:4 (1986:Winter) p.399 J0RGEN MEJER 401 meant to be an illustration of Darwinian principles explains the char\u00ad acter of Dr Rank: his father's dissolute life was the cause of Rank's disease, and the latter's disintegration and death is intended as an illustration of hereditary defect. MEJER, J\u00d8RGEN, Henrik Ibsen and the Revival of Euripides , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:4 (1986:Winter) p.399 402 HENRIK IBSEN AND EURIPIDES stated that with respect to making tragic characters more like ordinary human beings, Euripides was related to Aeschylus and Sophocles as Ibsen is to Goethe and Schiller.lO In a 1904 review P. Wendland re\u00ad peated this juxtaposition, asserting that anyone influenced by Ibsen and Tolstoy would understand Euripides better than many old-fash\u00ad ioned philologists equipped with all the tools of erudition.ll In both cases the point is that knowledge of modern drama will make it easier to understand the value of Euripidean tragedy in comparison to that of Aeschylus and Sophocles, so idealized by the earlier nineteenth century.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4891", "words": "10375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff: Sospitator Euripidis", "date": "1986", "keywords": "antiqua; berlin; calder; calder iii; euripides; greek; herakles; iii; later; moellendorff; mommsen; new; nietzsche; p.409; rohde; roman; sospitator; sospitator euripidis; studies; ulrich; ulrich von; und; von; von wilamowitz; wilamowitz; william; william m.; winter", "summary": "Wilamowitz tells us that Carlyle influenced him.72 Euripi\u00ad dean delineations of character, especially of women - whose roles, detested by the Schlegels and Mommsen, Wilamowitz preferred to play in family productions and readings-attracted Wilamowitz be\u00ad cause he discerned in them reflections of persons he knew. We are not so far from Nietzsche's Dionysus and Apollo.76 For Wilamowitz Euripides, in this respect, stands in sharpest contrast to Sophocles, whose reli\u00ad gion was base superstition.77", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4901", "words": "1283", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Aetolian Hyantes in Phrynichus", "date": "1986", "keywords": "aetolia; huxley; hyantes; people; phrynichus", "summary": "HUXLEY, GEORGE, Aetolian Hyantes in Phrynichus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:3 (1986:Autumn) p.235 Aetolian Hyantes in Phrynichus George Huxley H Y ANTES according to tradition were early inhabitants of Boe\u00ad otia. We conclude from the revised text of Phrynichus fr.5 that the poet mentioned the presence, in the remote past, of Hyantes in Aetolia and the subsequent burning of the land by another people.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-491", "words": "9687", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Auer, Janette", "title": "The Aeschylean Electra", "date": "2006", "keywords": "aeschylean; aeschylus; agamemnon; beginning; character; chorus; clytemnestra; electra; garvie; greek; kommos; lines; mother; orestes; play; prayer; schadewaldt; wilamowitz; words", "summary": "The particular form of Electra\u2019s prayers continues the tentative, almost innocent, approach we have already noted.14 In Tarkow\u2019s comments on the early exchange between Electra and the chorus, we see again a na\u00efve, hesitant Electra in this scene: On this particular occasion it is her friends and trusted advisors com- prising the chorus who must solve the problem of the libations by choosing the words and tone for her to adopt as she turns the offerings against Clytemnestra. Electra suggests that in this context she could just go along, as Chrysothemis recommends as a sensible alternative to what the Sophoclean Electra does.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4911", "words": "4223", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Halleran, Michael R.", "title": "Lichas\u2019 Lies and Sophoclean Innovation", "date": "1986", "keywords": "deianeira; heracles; iphitus; lichas; lies; murder; sophocles; supra; tale; zeus", "summary": "Then, in response to Deianeira's question about the delay (246f), he describes the events that led to Heracles' sack of Oechalia (248-90): Eurytus' abusive treatment and expulsion of Heracles from his house provoked Heracles' stealthy murder of Eurytus' son Iphi\u00ad tus; after Zeus punished Heracles for this murder by having him sold as a slave to the Lydian queen Omphale, Heracles fulfilled his vow of vengeance and sacked Oechalia, taking from it the band of women who accompany Lichas. T. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Die dramatische Technik des Sophokles (Bertin 1917) 142-45; K. Reinhardt, Sophocles3 , trans. H. Harvey and D. Harvey (Oxford 1979) 43f; A. Beck, Der Empfang loles, Hermes 81 (1953) 10-21; G. Gellie, Sopho\u00ad cles: a Reading (Melbourne 1972) 61. 239 HALLERAN, MICHAEL R., Lichas' Lies and Sophoclean Innovation , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:3 (1986:Autumn) p.239 240 LICHAS' LIES rance are explored throughout the play; 2 the deception of Deianeira plays a role in the larger structure of the drama and is balanced later when she herself dissembles in sending the poisoned robe to Heracles.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4921", "words": "6754", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Chiasson, Charles C.", "title": "The Herodotean Solon", "date": "1986", "keywords": "autumn; charles; chiasson; croesus; death; greek; herodotean; herodotean solon; herodotus; life; man; p.249; poetry; solon; studies; supra; wealth", "summary": "The Herodotean Solon views death from a novel perspective as the last best safeguard against misfortune, especially for those (like Croesus) whose outstanding success appears to make them the primary targets of a jealous heaven. p.249 The Herodotean Solon Charles C. Chiasson I N THE NUMEROUS scholarly discussions generated by Herodotus' account of the meeting of Croesus and Solon (1.29-33) one topic of interest and importance has received surprisingly little atten\u00ad tion: the relationship between Solon's reported speeches to the Lyd\u00ad ian king and the extant fragments of Solon's poetry.l That Herodotus knew at least some of Solon's poetry is beyond doubt, for at 5.113 he alludes to verses (fr.19 West) in which Solon praises the Cypriote king Philocyprus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4931", "words": "7150", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Westlake, H. D.", "title": "Agesilaus in Diodorus", "date": "1986", "keywords": "agesilaus; autumn; book; diodorus; ephorus; fifteenth; greek; king; sparta; studies; westlake", "summary": "One instance is almost beyond doubt: the Oxyrhynchus historian and Diodorus present Agesilaus with a marked lack of enthusiasm, and this indifference was almost certainly transmitted from the former to the latter indirectly through Ephorus. WESTLAKE, H. D., Agesilaus in Diodorus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:3 (1986:Autumn) p.263 Agesilaus in Diodorus H D. Westlake T o ANYONE WISHING to study the career of Agesilaus and to assess his achievements and qualities the presentation of him in the fourteenth and fifteenth books of Diodorus has only a minimal value.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4941", "words": "4779", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "de Blois, Lukas", "title": "The \u0395\u1f30\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1 of Ps.-Aelius Aristides", "date": "1986", "keywords": "aristides; author; basilea; blois; century; dio; eis; el~; emperor; greek; lukas; philip; ps.-aelius; speech; studies", "summary": "[Greek] of Ps.-Aelius Aristides , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:3 (1986:Autumn) p.279 LUKAS DE BLOIS 287 tion of the monarch's cfJ/AOf an important topic with Dio.25 The absence of Alexander the Great is particularly surprising in a speech that deals at length with problems on the Eastern frontier; possibly the author wished to avoid the comparisons with Alexander found in eulogies of Caracalla and Alexander Severus, who had met with little success in that region.26 There are also major discrepancies with Aelius Aristides' panegyric on Rome, which, as Oliver and Klein have shown,27 must have been delivered in A.D. 143. Such instructions are in fact known to us from Philostratus' Vitae sophistarum, where Heliodo\u00ad rus is instructed by Caracalla to speak extemporaneously on the topic, Having collapsed before Philip, Demosthenes defends himself against a charge of cowardice (VS 626); Aelius Aristides composed five #LE'AE\u00ad 'Tat concerning the situation in Greece after the battle of Leuctra (371 B.C.), in two of which Athens is invited to support Sparta.10 But since the El~ BaULAEa was probably inserted into the corpus of Aristides be\u00ad fore Libanius' time,ll it must have been regarded as something more than a school exercise based on detailed instructions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4951", "words": "13676", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Heather, Peter", "title": "The Crossing of the Danube and the Gothic Conversion", "date": "1986", "keywords": "account; ammianus; athanaric; autumn; conversion; crossing; danube; empire; eunapius; events; gothic; goths; greek; heather; p.289; peter; roman; socrates; source; sozomen; studies; tervingi; ulfila; valens; war", "summary": "A later example of a date with similar Significance in Gothic history would be the rejection of Arianism by the Visigothic king Reccared in 587: this was a single decision that committed the Visigothic leadership to orthodoxy, but followed a long process in which catholic inroads into Gothic Arianism had made it a practical and even necessary course to choose.14 De\u00ad tailed examination of the sources will indicate that in 376, similarly, the leadership of the Tervingi committed itself to changing the prac\u00ad tice of the group and adopted the so-called 'semi-Arian' religion of the Emperor Valens in place of their ancestral paganism. II. But essentially because Ammianus does not mention it, there has been much controversy over the date of a Gothic conversion to Christianity ascribed in other sources to the reign of Valens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4961", "words": "3143", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Banchich, Thomas M.", "title": "Eunapius and Jerome", "date": "1986", "keywords": "banchich; chronicle; eunapius; historia; history; jerome; sophistarum; thomas; vitae", "summary": "Yet in the case of the latter, a common source long seemed the most reasonable explanation for similarities between the Chronicle and Eunapius' two known works, the History and Vitae sophistarum: for Jerome's trans\u00ad lation and continuation of Eusebius had certainly appeared before 383-indeed, very probably closer to 381-while both the History and Vitae sophistarum were thought to have been published ca 396.2 319 BANCHICH, THOMAS M., Eunapius and Jerome , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:3 (1986:Autumn) p.319 320 EUNAPIUS AND JEROME the History was in circulation by ca 380 that Jerome's direct depen\u00ad dence on Eunapius has become a possible alternative to a Ions com\u00ad munis, an alternative that suggestive parallels between the Chronicle and History seem to support.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4971", "words": "2001", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Barnes, T. D.", "title": "When Did Synesius Become Bishop of Ptolemais?", "date": "1986", "keywords": "bishop; lacombrade; ptolemais; synesius", "summary": "T. D. Barnes S HOR TL Y AFTER his consecration as bishop of Ptolemais, Synesius wrote to the priest Petrus requesting him to publicise the exact date of the approaching Easter (Ep. 13). Moreover, since the date of Easter has been fixed as 19 Pharmouthi (i.e., 14 April), the year must be either 407 or 412.1 It follows that Synesius became bishop of Ptolemais either not long before Easter 407 or not long before Easter 412.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4981", "words": "13649", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Barnes, Harry R.", "title": "The Colometric Structure of Homeric Hexameter", "date": "1986", "keywords": "caesura; colon; end; greek; harry; hexameter; kirk; line; porter; position; sense; shapes; structure; verse; word", "summary": "Word end is forbidden at 7112. Word end is avoided at 3112 and long final syllable at 4.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-4991", "words": "2069", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Aristeas and the Cyzicene", "date": "1986", "keywords": "aristeas; cyzicene; cyzicus; halone; herodotus; proconnesus", "summary": "Settlers went first from Cyzicus to 'Old Proconnesus' and thence carried the name to new Proconnesus. After new Proconnesus itself, Halone is the most fertile of the islands off Cyzicus; and there are ancient remains to match the Halone cum oppido of Pliny.7 Accord\u00ad ingly we infer that 'Old Proconnesus' lay in Halone.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5001", "words": "7540", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Goldhill, Simon", "title": "Rhetoric and Relevance: Interpolation at Euripides Electra 367-400", "date": "1986", "keywords": "argument; electra; euripides; farmer; goldhill; greek; interpolation; lines; orestes; p.157; reeve; relevance; rhetoric; simon; speech; studies; summer", "summary": "He kills Aegisthus at a sacrifice after being graciously accepted as a guest: Aeschylus' depiction of murder as corrupt sacrifice becomes the literal perversion of a re\u00ad ligious occasion.21 Again, Orestes delays revealing himself to Electra as long as possible, quite unlike the immediate reunion of brother and sister in Aeschylus' version;22 his disguise, in Aeschylus a neces\u00ad sity in a hostile palace, becomes for Euripides' hero on a farm a dubious unwillingness to risk himself in an uncertain action. Three times in his later years Euripides occupied himself with the character of Orestes: in Electra, Orestes, and Iphigeneia in Aulis (cf also Andr. 1027ft).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-501", "words": "7006", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Finkelberg, Margalit", "title": "Regional Texts and the Circulation of Books: the Case of Homer", "date": "2006", "keywords": "alexandria; antioch; aristarchus; books; circulation; greek; hellenistic; history; homer; library; recension; testament; text", "summary": "We also saw that, as far as the Greek Old Testament and New Testament texts are concerned, the Constantinople authorities consistently pre- ferred Antioch (or, sometimes, Caesarea, see n.30) over Alex- andria, and that in terms of the regional circulation of books Constantinople and Antioch belonged to the same area. It is true that Aristophanes of Byzan- tium is said to have been imprisoned in Alexandria and thus prevented from accepting the invitation from Pergamum, but we saw that Aratus, for one, moved freely between Pella and Antioch, and the same was probably true of other scholars.35 The secessio doctorum, Ptolemy VIII\u2019s exiling of Aristarchus and his pupils from Alexandria, seems to have especially con- tributed to the spread of Alexandrian scholarship over the Hel- lenistic world.36 In view of this, it is reasonable to suppose that Alexandrian texts of Homer, and especially the one produced by Aristarchus, continued to be consulted in Egypt and else- where during the Roman period as well: this was probably one of the ways by which Alexandrian readings entered the medie- val vulgate.37", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5011", "words": "3922", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Stanley, Phillip V.", "title": "The Family Connection of Alcibiades and Axiochus", "date": "1986", "keywords": "alcibiades; axiochus; cleinias; family; iii; son; xenophon", "summary": "He then identifies the Alcibiades mentioned here as AI\u00ad cibiades II, who was ostracized in 4606 and renounced his proxeny with Sparta in the 460'S.7 Wallace, following the usual sequence of names found on ostraca, restores the second line as the patronymic: 'AAKt/3t& [8E~] / 'AAKt/3t& [00].8 He argues that the Alcibiades men\u00ad tioned on this ostrakon is not Alcibiades II, son of Cleinias I, but another Alcibiades (V), who was a son of Alcibiades II; he suggests the following genealogy for the family of Alcibiades III: Axiochus, like Alcibiades III, would have been the grandson of Alcibiades II, rather than his son, and his father, Alcibiades, should be identified with the Alcibiades (V) whose name was found on the ostracon from the Agora.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5021", "words": "5244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kearsley, R. A.", "title": "Asiarchs, Archiereis, and the Archiereiai of Asia", "date": "1986", "keywords": "archiereiai; archiereus; asia; asiarch; cult; greek; husband; i.ephesos; iii; inscription; title; wife", "summary": "Further, it has been established that the imperial cult in Asia, although centered on a Roman emperor, remained essentially Greek in character.4 But proponents of honorary archiereiai have not at- 1 The following will be cited by author's name: E. BEURLIER, Essai sur Ie culte rendu aux empereurs romains (Paris 1890); v. CHAPOT, La province romaine proconsulaire d'Asie (Paris 1904); J. DEININGER, Die Provinziallandtage der romischen Kaiserzeit (Munich 1965); D. MAGIE, Roman Rule in Asia Minor (Princeton 1950); S. R. PRICE, Rituals and Power (Cambridge 1984); M. ROSSNER, Asiarchen und Archiereis Asi\u00ad as, StudClas 16 (1974) 101-42; J. M. I. WEST, Asiarchs (B.Litt. It has not yet been resolved whether the high priesthood of the imperial cult of Asia took the form of a hierarchy with a sole high priest for the entire province assisted by deputies in the various cities where there were temples of the provincial cult (Cha\u00ad pot 470), simply a sole high priest of the province (Magie 1297f), or a board of several KEARSLEY, R. A., Asiarchs, Archiereis, and the Archiereiai of Asia , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:2 (1986:Summer) p.183 186 ASIARCHS, ARCHIEREIS, AND ARCHIEREIAI I propose to re-examine here a group of inscriptions with two pur\u00ad poses in mind: first, to establish whether the archiereiai of Asia con\u00ad stituted an exception to the normal Greek practice and were indeed dependent on a male consort for their title; 15 and second, to apply the answer to the problem of the relationship of the asiarch to the arch\u00ad iereus of Asia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5031", "words": "5777", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Drake, H. A.", "title": "Athanasius\u2019 First Exile", "date": "1986", "keywords": "athanasius; bishops; constantine; council; drake; exile; index; letter; supra; tyre", "summary": "Here Constantine describes how a scarcely recognizable Athanasius accosted him as he rode into the city on horseback: Victor Constantine Greatest Augustus to the Bishops gathered in Tyre: I do not know what has been decided amid the tumult and fury of your synod, but it seems somehow that the truth has been distorted by a certain turbulent disorder, clearly through that squabbling (ipEUXEAiaV) with your neighbors which you want to prevail, not taking into account what is pleasing to God. ca Nov. 5: Arrival of bishops from Tyre Nov. 6: Interview with Constantine; Athanasius ordered into exile (Festal Index) Nov. 7: Athanasius sails for Gaul (Festal Index)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5041", "words": "6803", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Cunningham, Ian C.", "title": "Harpocration and the \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae", "date": "1986", "keywords": "bach; bekk; cunningham; glosses; greek; harp; harpocration; ian; kat; phot; place; studies; suda; suda phot; summer; supra; synagoge; tov", "summary": "It is not to be sup\u00ad posed that the original ancient works were utilised, but rather as with Harpocration epitomes, extracts, and compilations, and these prob\u00ad ably gathered in only a few manuscripts.12 Each of our three sources for this erweiterte L (as Wentzel called it)-B,13 the Suda 14 and Photius15 - has a different selection of these additions: the principal groupings are B Suda Phot., Suda Phot., and B Phot. Alpers, BZ 64 (971) 80, argued that Erbse does not prove the the existence of 1:'; this may be so for the Atticistic glosses, with which Erbse is concerned, but cannot be maintained in general; what is needed is an explanation of the numerous glosses that appear in B Suda Phot., but not in A (C).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5051", "words": "3725", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Eastwood, Bruce; Martin Jr, Hubert", "title": "Michael Italicus and Heliocentricism", "date": "1986", "keywords": "bruce; byzantine; eastwood; greek; heliocentrism; italicus; manuel; michael; planets; sun; wirth", "summary": "Cf Wirth 364 and n.4. 223 EASTWOOD, BRUCE, Michael Italicus and Heliocentrism , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:2 (1986:Summer) p.223 224 MICHAEL ITALIC US AND HELIOCENTRISM heliocentrism in Plato, nor can we say that Italicus was a thorough\u00ad going follower of Plato or any single philosophical system; it was his own view, in fact, that philosophy was inferior to rhetoric. EASTWOOD, BRUCE, Michael Italicus and Heliocentrism , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:2 (1986:Summer) p.223 228 MICHAEL IT ALICUS AND HELIOCENTRISM In setting forth the simile Italicus begins by referring to the view of certain learned men that the sun is central among the planets.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5061", "words": "4656", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Griffith, R. Drew", "title": "The Mind Is Its Own Place: Pindar, Olympian 1.57f", "date": "1986", "keywords": "1.57f; drew; esp; greek; griffith; hades; ixion; mind; olympian; pindar; place; punishment; pyth; tantalus", "summary": "Pindar, Olympian 1.57f R. Drew Griffith I N PINDAR Olympian 1.57f Zeus punishes Tantalus by hanging over his head a stone that is harsh for him (Kap'TEpOV ath~ Al8ov). Although Comparetti is not, in fact, concerned to establish the location of Tantalus' punish\u00ad ment, he resists the assumption that it takes place in Hades (238-41), noting that the Nostoi (fr.l0 Allen) places it im himmel beim tische der gotter (242), and concludes 5 DREW GRIFFITH, R., The Mind Is Its Own Place: Pindar, Olympian 1.57f , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:1 (1986:Spring) p.5 6 PINDAR, OLYMPIAN 1.57f view soon won widespread acceptance.s Wilamowitz, comparing the story of Tantalus to that of Ixion in Pyth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5071", "words": "6591", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Brock, R. W.", "title": "The Double Plot in Aristophanes\u2019 Knights", "date": "1986", "keywords": "aristophanes; brock; demos; greek; knights; landfester; p.15; paphlagonian; play; plot; sausage; seller; spring; studies", "summary": "Throughout the opening scenes of the play Aristophanes stresses the low status from which the sausage-seller will rise to greatness (I 58f, 179ft) and which provides him with the essentials of his new 4 That the two slaves are politicians follows from 40ff, since they stand in the same relation to Demos as Cleon/Paphlagon, but the point is made with greater force if they are taken as leading contemporary politicians; otherwise the stress tends to fall on the villainous Paphlagonian (and on Agoracritus, who is a free man, not a slave). BROCK, R. W., The Double Plot in Aristophanes' Knights , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:1 (1986:Spring) p.15 The Double Plot in Aristophanes' Knights R. W. Brock UNTIL RECENTLY scholars have tended-while welcoming Aris\u00ad tophanes' Knights as evidence for the poet's hostility to Cleon\u00ad to regard the dramatic structure of the play as unsatisfactory, and have criticised the ending in particular as tacked on arbitrarily.l Landfester's Die Ritter des Aristophanes represented a major advance, by tracing a coherent development throughout based on the thematic unity of the attempts of the sausage-seller, saviour of the demos, to oust the Paphlagonian, and on the need for Demos to recover his sovereignty and self-sufficiency.2 Even Landfester, however, was forced to concede the existence of what he termed paradox in the play, particularly in the placing of hope of salvation for the knights in this ne plus ultra of VUlgarity (44).3 I propose to re-examine these elements of inconsistency and to argue that they arise not from the postponed resolution of a single dilemma and the dissimulation of an irgendwie gottliches Wesen (Landfester 93), but from the opera- 1 M. LANDFESTER, Die Ritter des Aristophanes (Amsterdam 1967 [hereafter 'Land\u00ad fester']) 10\u00a3, gives a summary of previous opinion; on the question of the ending see 83-89.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5081", "words": "7009", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Unz, Ron K.", "title": "The Chronology of the Elean War", "date": "1986", "keywords": "agis; campaign; chronology; diodorus; elean; elis; invasion; pausanias; spartan; summer; war; xenophon", "summary": "UNZ, RON K., The Chronology of the Elean War , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:1 (1986:Spring) p.29 38 THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE ELEAN WAR Since Dercyllidas arrived in Asia during summer 399 and campaigned there until ca summer 397,19 the synchronism narrows the possibili\u00ad ties considerably: the three-year Elean War probably began in sum\u00ad mer 401, 400, 399, or 398. However, this passage of Diodorus concerns years covered by the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia; the precise details that Diodorus includes\u00ad the names of captured towns, troop strengths, the positions of oppos\u00ad ing forces, the number of casualties, as well as the unrhetorical, even\u00ad handed tone-leave little doubt that the Oxyrhynchus historian is his ultimate source.7 We are thus left with the problem of two good sources that pro\u00ad vide detailed but totally different accounts of a single war.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5091", "words": "6561", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Lowenstam, Steven", "title": "Aristophanes\u2019 Hiccups", "date": "1986", "keywords": "agathon; aristophanes; beauty; eros; eryximachus; greek; hiccups; lowenstam; order; plato; socrates; speeches; steven", "summary": "The revised order of speeches no longer separates Socrates from his predecessors but provides a smooth transition. As a result of the transposition of speeches, the two poets, Aris\u00ad tophanes and Agathon, speak directly before Socrates, and it is these three who will continue to talk until dawn.24", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-51", "words": "5092", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "MacCoull, L. S. B.", "title": "Pha\u00ebthon in Dioscorus of Aphrodito", "date": "2004", "keywords": "byzantine; dioscore; dioscorus; figure; fournet; line; maccoull; new; pha\u00ebthon; poem; supra", "summary": "Just a little later another official is called \u201cnew Pha\u00ebthon\u201d by our poet, and with the same verb:15 \u201cJust now, new Pha\u00ebthon, you have come with a leap to save us\u201d (poem 15.1).16 Here the addressee is the comes Dorotheos, punningly praised as a real and much-needed \u201cgift of God\u201d (4). Fournet also remarks on the frequency of Pha\u00ebthon references in Dioscorus\u2019 works, and adduces contem- porary poetic parallels such as the sixth-century Anacreontists John of Gaza and George the Grammarian.8", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5101", "words": "15734", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Humphreys, S. C.", "title": "Kinship Patterns in the Athenian Courts", "date": "1986", "keywords": "athenian; brother; case; courts; dem; father; greek; humphreys; husband; isae; kinship; kinship patterns; mother; p.57; patterns; s. c.; son; speaker; spring; studies; witnesses", "summary": "we are told that when the speaker's mother was betrothed by her brother to his father, both the groom's paternal uncles (FB) were present, together with other witnesses. Although texts of witness testimonies are preserved in only a few speeches, the identity of witnesses and the contents of their testimony can often be securely deduced from summaries in the body of the speech.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-511", "words": "4737", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "MacCoull, L. S. B.", "title": "Menas and Thomas: Notes on the Dialogus de scientia politica", "date": "2006", "keywords": "author; century; dialogue; esp; justinian; maas; menas; menodoros; o\u2019meara; platonopolis; procopius", "summary": "L. S. B. MACCOULL 303 along to like-minded colleagues.15 Not just a \u201cmirror of princes for Justinian\u201d like Agapetos\u2019 Ekthesis,16 the dialogue would have furnished discussion material for reading circles of students from whom future imperial officials would be recruited.17 1. L. S. B. MACCOULL 305 Although Thaumasios protests that \u201cthat was then, this is now\u201d (38), Menodoros claims that infantry are superior f\u00casei ka\u2039 l\u00d2g\u0192 (46) since the foot-soldier directs himself rather than being directed by another (nature) and is motivated by the desire for honor (reason).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5111", "words": "9494", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Barnes, T. D.", "title": "Synesius in Constantinople", "date": "1986", "keywords": "arcadius; aurelianus; barnes; caesarius; constantinople; cyrene; emperor; greek; office; osiris; prefect; prefecture; seeck; spring; studies; supra; synesius; t. d.; typhos", "summary": "BARNES, T. D., Synesius in Constantinople , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:1 (1986:Spring) p.93 Synesius in Constantinople T. D. Barnes S YNESIUS OF CYRENE, after returning home from his study of philosophy in Alexandria, went to Constantinople to present the emperor with a golden crown and to request a diminution of the taxes levied upon his city or province. The latter work and certain letters reveal that Synesius attached himself to the politi\u00ad cian Aurelianus, who ensured that, as a reward for praising his pa\u00ad tron, Synesius obtained the desired tax relief for Cyrene, as well as personal privileges for himself.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5121", "words": "3642", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Dyck, Andrew R.", "title": "Iliad and Alexiad: Anna Comnena\u2019s Homeric Reminiscences", "date": "1986", "keywords": "alexiad; alexius; andrew; anna; comnena; dyck; homeric; iliad; reminiscences", "summary": "Less surprisingly, in Homeric fashion Anna compares her husband's grandfather (and her father's enemy) Even Styliane, the daughter of Michael Psellus (who retails this anecdote), had to begin her literary studies not with Homer, as a boy would, but with the Psalms.l Far different the case of Anna Comnena, whose Homeric learning is on display throughout her Alexiad.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5131", "words": "9186", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Most, Glen W.", "title": "Pindar, Nemean 7.64-67", "date": "1985", "keywords": "1tpo; esp; glenn; greek; ionian; kat; meaning; nemean; p.315; passage; pindar; pyth; reference; sea; second; studies; supra; winter; words", "summary": "Pindar: Die isthmischen Gedichte I (Heidelberg 1968) 97 n.82; and O. Werner, ed., He has been fol\u00ad lowed, for example, by LSJ (s. v. WEP, 1.1) Bossler (supra n.3), and H. Lloyd-Jones, Modern Interpretation of Pindar: The Second Pythian and Seventh Nemean Odes, JHS 93 (1973) 109-37, esp. 135 and n.129, but is surely mistaken (cf W. G. Cookes\u00ad ley, ed., Pindari Carmina", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5141", "words": "6112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Slater, Niall W.", "title": "Vanished Players: Two Classical Reliefs and Theatre History", "date": "1985", "keywords": "actors; century; dionysus; figure; greek; history; mask; niall; players; relief; slater; theatre", "summary": "Either explanation implies a much greater degree of cooperation between, and organization among, actors in the late fifth century in Athens than is attested in the literary sources; 29 but theatre is becoming a profession now: where before poets played in their own works or had favorite actors who habitually performed their plays, we now find independent actors making a living at acting and taking pride in their profession.30 both Karouzou and Mitropoulou date this relief to the late fifth century, the exaggerated facial expressions of both comic and tragic masks suggest rather a fourth-century date prior to 360, on the evidence of omicron for omicron upsilon in the fragmentary inscrip\u00ad tion. These are all tragic actors, not daimones.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5151", "words": "13418", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Athenian Nomothesia", "date": "1985", "keywords": "athenian; bill; demosthenes; ekklesia; graphe; hansen; herman; inspection law; jurors; law; laws; legislation law; leptines; mogens; nomothesia; nomothetai; repeal law; review law; rhodes; studies; supra", "summary": "But Demosthenes does mention this prior notice in his comments on the Repeal Law (EKn8lat, KEAEVEt T01) 1TPOEc. In the Leptines speech Demosthenes paraphrased the Repeal Law and had it read out to the jurors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5161", "words": "12095", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Vander Waerdt, Paul A.", "title": "Peripatetic Soul-Division, Posidonius, and Middle Platonic Moral Psychology", "date": "1985", "keywords": "aristotelian; cicero; division; doctrine; doxography; galen; greek; influence; interpretation; kat; middle; p. a.; plato; posidonius; psychology; pythagoras; soul; source; studies; supra; tradition; tripartition; vander; waerdt; winter", "summary": "Such an exposition of tripartition of itself would make Posidonius a likely source of Middle Platonic doctrine on soul-divi\u00ad sion, but there is further evidence that establishes his role in the transmission of the vetus descriptio. [proclivitas]) .59 This body of Posidonian doctrine may have been known to Middle Platonic authors through intermediate handbooks rather than in the original, but whatever the stages of transmission, Posidonius' theory of 1Ta(Jo~ became an integral part of Middle Platonic doctrine.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5171", "words": "12469", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Snee, Rochelle", "title": "Valens\u2019 Recall of the Nicene Exiles and Anti-Arian Propaganda", "date": "1985", "keywords": "a.d; antioch; arian; bishop; century; church; date; death; exiles; gratian; greek; isaac; jerome; nicene; p.395; propaganda; recall; return; rochelle; rufinus; snee; soc; soz; sozomen; studies; supra; theod; tillemont; valens; winter", "summary": "His aim was a restoration of the eastern church on the course set by Constantius II (337-361).105 On 5 May 365 he issued an edict exiling bishops recalled by Julian (361-363), i.e., those who had opposed Constantius and the Homoian party.106 It was the Homoian party-moderate Arians who professed the Creed of Rimini (359)-that Valens hoped to reestablish in an effort to promote church unity. [GCS 47.249]): Valens de Antiochia exire conpulsus sera paeni\u00ad tentia nostros de exiliis revocat.3 The Ecclesiastical History of Jerome's contemporary Rufinus also mentions (11.13) a recall of Nicene exiles by Valens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5181", "words": "6970", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Edwards, Anthony T.", "title": "Achilles in the Underworld: Iliad, Odyssey, and Aethiopis", "date": "1985", "keywords": "achilles; aethiopis; anthony; death; edwards; greek; iliad; immortality; odyssey; studies; supra; tradition; translation; underworld; view", "summary": "EDWARDS, ANTHONY T., Achilles in the Underworld: Iliad, Odyssey, and Aethiopis , EDWARDS, ANTHONY T., Achilles in the Underworld: Iliad, Odyssey, and Aethiopis ,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5191", "words": "2089", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Evans, J. A. S.", "title": "\u201cCandaules, whom the Greeks name Myrsilus ...\u201d", "date": "1985", "keywords": "candaules; greek; gyges; herodotus; myrsilus; story", "summary": "Xanthus. EVANS, J. A. S., Candaules whom the Greeks name Myrsilus... , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:3 (1985:Autumn) p.229 1. A. S. EVANS 231 There was also a Lydian god named Candaules, who was equated with Hermes:15 Hipponax16 calls the latter KVva'YX'YI~ (dog-throttler)\u00ad appropriately in this context, for Candaules is made up of two Indo\u00ad European roots meaning 'dog' and 'to strangle' P and he seems to have received sacrificial meals of dog meat.l8 'Candaules' may have been a sacral name for the king.19 The reason why Herodotus pre\u00ad ferred it, we may suspect, was that it sounded authentically Lydian, whereas 'Myrsilus' did not. 8 W. W. How and J. Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus I (Oxford 1928) 21, suggest that Herodotus used Aeschylus for scenes of the Persian court, but the dissimilarities seem to outweigh the parallels.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5201", "words": "2507", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Hamilton, Richard", "title": "The Well-Equipped Traveler: Birds 42", "date": "1985", "keywords": "birds; equipment; hamilton; kavovv; myrtle; pisthetaerus; richard; sacrifice; traveller", "summary": "It is probably no accident that the equipment with which our trav\u00ad ellers set out is gradually replaced by local bird equipment obtained 14 Cited from Edmonds, FAC. Blech (supra n.5) 319 n.8, lists the Athenian officials (e.g. archons, generals, thesmo\u00ad thetes) who wore myrtle crowns.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-521", "words": "9745", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Slater, William J.; Summa, Daniela", "title": "Crowns at Magnesia", "date": "2006", "keywords": "cash; cities; city; crown; ebert; festival; games; hellenistic; home; ka\u2039; kern; magnesians; oracle; rigsby; robert; slater; status; stephanitic; summa; term; victors", "summary": "225 B.C. for having won all the stephanitic contests of the Lindians was not likely to be considered by other cities to be in the same league as an Olympic victor (I.Lindos 123). WILLIAM J. SLATER AND DANIELA SUMMA 281 Thespiae,21 and Robert in fact said as much in discussing the Soteria of Delphi upgraded earlier in the same century.22 Any city can claim to have a sacred or crowned festival; other cities are only affected if they appoint theoroi to that festival or for- mally decree its acceptance in some form.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5211", "words": "4654", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Two Notes on the Pnyx", "date": "1985", "keywords": "agora; auditorium; citizens; ecclesia; gerra; hansen; herman; mogens; notes; pnyx; siewert", "summary": "This is, a priori, most un\u00ad likely for Pnyx I, with which Siewert associates the horoi. 1 shows Pnyx III, which, following Thompson,5 I take to have been constructed in the 340's.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5221", "words": "7415", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Burke, Edmund M.", "title": "Lycurgan Finances", "date": "1985", "keywords": "athenian; athens; burke; century; edmund; expenditures; finances; greek; lycurgan; program; revenues; state; studies; supra; war", "summary": "The objections raised against this number by S. K. Eddy, Athens' Peacetime Navy in BURKE, EDMUND M., Lycurgan Finances , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:3 (1985:Autumn) p.251 258 L YCURGAN FINANCES naval inventories for 330129, 326/5, and 325/4 show that at the time these inventories were recorded the city actually had at sea between forty and sixty ships.40 A review of Lycurgan revenues will suggest in fact that naval activity of at least such size was regularly the practice in the period of accommodation between Chaeronea and the Hellenic War; and if this suggestion is correct, then we will have done much to explain the unaccounted portion of Lycurgan expenditures. The thesis offered here-that commercial revenues constituted a large, though indeterminate, portion of Lycurgan revenues-is generally consistent, I believe, with BURKE, EDMUND M., Lycurgan Finances , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:3 (1985:Autumn) p.251 EDMUND M. BURKE 261 commercial revenues had been extensive and had met with a meas\u00ad ure of success.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5231", "words": "9276", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Eckstein, A. M.", "title": "Polybius, Syracuse, and the Politics of Accommodation", "date": "1985", "keywords": "accommodation; achaean; autumn; eckstein; greek; hiero; hieronymus; politics; polybius; power; roman; rome; supra; syracuse; war", "summary": "ECKSTEIN, A. M., Polybius, Syracuse, and the Politics of Accommodation , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:3 (1985:Autumn) p.265 Polybius, Syracuse, and the Politics of Accommodation A. M Eckstein P OLYBIUS' INTENDED audience was made up of political men; his avowed purpose was to prepare such men for political action in the real world; his theme was the expansion of Roman power. Against the idea that Polybius ever fully accepted Roman power, either emotionally or intellectually, see Musti (supra n.2) 46-48, 145-47; B. Shimron, Polybius on Rome: A Re-examination of the Evidence, SCI 5 (1979/80) 94ft' (responding to Last Ten Books); also A. Momigliano, Poli\u00ad bio, Posidonio e l'imperialismo romano, AttiTor 107 (1973) 198.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5241", "words": "11492", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Vander Waerdt, Paul A.", "title": "The Peripatetic Interpretation of Plato\u2019s Tripartite Psychology", "date": "1985", "keywords": "aristotelian; aristotle; arius; author; bipartite; division; doctrine; greek; interpretation; kat; magna; moralia; p. a.; parts; plato; psychology; soul; supra; terms; tripartition; vander", "summary": "WAERT, VANDER P. A., The Peripatetic Interpretation of Plato's Tripartite Psychology , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:3 (1985:Autumn) p.283 The Peripatetic Interpretation of Plato's Tripartite Psychology P. A. Vander Waerdt T HE PERIPATETIC author of the Magna Maralia begins his ac\u00ad count of moral virtue with a doxography in which he criticizes Pythagoras for referring virtue to number, and Socrates for identifying the virtues with E1nUTfjl-Wt and ignoring the alogical part of the soul, thus doing away with 7Ta8o~ and ~8o~ (l182alO-30).1 He then attributes to Plato bipartition of the soul, of which he approves (l182a26), and proceeds to criticize him for confusing investigation of moral virtue with that of the good. A number of bipartite divisions, drawing upon Plato's tripartition and differing from one another in significant ways, date from this period: the anonymous version of bipartition preserved in the Topics (298f infra); that of Xenocrates (n.5 infra); that advanced in such E~WTEPLKOL A.O')'OL as the Protrepticus and De justitia; and later, that of Aristotle's writings on 1ToA.LTLKJ}, which explicitly draw upon these E~WTEPLKOi A.O')'OL (Eth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5251", "words": "3054", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Conley, Thomas", "title": "Blemmydes\u2019 Debt to Euthymios Zigabenos", "date": "1985", "keywords": "bell; blemmydes; commentary; debt; influence; zigabenos", "summary": "The differences in Blemmydes ad 13.3 and 13.7 (13820-83A) are the results of inconsistent punctuation, and the difference in arrangement between Zigabenos 2930 and Blemmydes 1429B-c (ad 22.5) is probably due to a scribe's inability to divide paragraphs properly. So, too, with Blemmydes on, e.g., Pss. 45 (1464A-D) and 55 (1476A- 77 A; Blemmydes seems to be working with a different text ad v.12, and adjusts Zigabenos' comment accordingly), Ps. 83 (15348-39c, except ad v.44) , and on the first ten verses or so of Ps. 138 (16058- CONLEY, THOMAS, Blemmydes' Debt to Euthymios Zigabenos , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:3 (1985:Autumn) p.303 THOMAS CONLEY 305 08A).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5261", "words": "13229", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Carawan, Edwin M.", "title": "Apophasis and Eisangelia: The R\u00f4le of the Areopagus in Athenian Political Trials", "date": "1985", "keywords": "apophasis; areopagites; areopagus; athenian; carawan; case; century; charges; decree; demosthenes; din; edwin; edwin m.; eisangelia; greek; hansen; investigation; kat; p.115; procedure; r\u00f4le; speaker; studies; summer; supra; trials", "summary": "The Areopagus continued to exercise right of initiative in some areas of jurisdiction, not relying upon citizen-prosecutors, into the fourth century; c/ Kahrstedt (supra n.l) 211f. CARAWAN, EDWIN M., Apophasis and Eisangelia: The R\u00f4le of the Areopagus in Athenian Political Trials , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:2 (1985:Summer) p.115 118 APOPHASIS AND EISANGELIA as in eisangeliai to the archons, the plaintiff made denunciation and the magistrates carried out the investigation and gave final verdict.7 Eisangelia to the Areopagus was the only appeal from an archon's unjust verdict, and in these impeachments the Areopagites held sole authority.s In the fourth century this procedure was evidently inter\u00ad preted as a precedent for apophasis, in which the Areopagus acted as a commission of inquiry for the ecc/esia and the courts of the people. Finally, the verdict of the Areopagus was essentially different from the rul\u00ad ings of other archons in anakriseis in other procedures.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5271", "words": "4961", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Murray, William M.", "title": "The Weight of Trireme Rams and the Price of Bronze in Fourth-Century Athens", "date": "1985", "keywords": "bronze; century; curators; list; price; rams; ships; talent; trireme; weight", "summary": "Belated credit was duly given these trierarchs in the list of 323/2 (1631.194-99), and the correction was made as well in a reinscription of the total number of rams sold off as scrap (1631.333).23 In conclusion, I suggest that the evidence from the extraordinary sale of rams in 325/4 is sufficiently ambiguous to be used in support of the contention that Athenian trireme rams weighed a great deal more than 44.5 kg. During this year, the curators were empowered by the Council to sell some decommissioned equipment, including a number of rams.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5281", "words": "23559", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "86", "author": "Jordan, D. R.", "title": "A Survey of Greek Defixiones Not Included in the Special Corpora", "date": "1985", "keywords": "athens; bibl; corpora; curse; d. r.; date; defixiones; drawing; fig; forms; greek; inscr; inv; iva; jeffery; jordan; kat; kerameikos; lead; letter; lines; list; loc; max; men; miller; museum; nail; names; national; nom; p.151; phot; prov; roman; seg; stoa; studies; summer; supra; survey; tablet; text; ziebarth", "summary": "Max. pr. H. 0.067, W. 0.05. Max. pr. H. ca 0.06, max.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5291", "words": "4278", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Toher, Mark", "title": "The Date of Nicolaus\u2019 \u0392\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2", "date": "1985", "keywords": "augustus; autobiography; b.c; bios; date; greek; jacoby; mark; nicolaus; supra; toher", "summary": "Reynolds' rejection of the title AVYOVUTO<; as significant for dating the document is convincing, but her own date in the triumviral period (ea 38 B.C., on the occasion of 8 E. Gabba, Augustus and the Historians, in Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects, edd. The poets not only credited to Augustus deeds that were not his personally, they also claimed for him the conquest of whole regions that were never attacked by Roman armies-e.g. the celebrations of the triple triumph of 29 B.c.,in which the conquest of the Parthian kingdom was claimed: cf Verg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5301", "words": "1619", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Markopoulos, A.", "title": "Kedrenos, Pseudo-Symeon, and the Last Oracle at Delphi", "date": "1985", "keywords": "kedrenos; markopoulos; oracle; pseudo; supra; symeon", "summary": "8 Gregory 355 n.4, 357. 207 MARKOPOULOS, A., Kedrenos, Pseudo-Symeon, and the Last Oracle of Delphi , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:2 (1985:Summer) p.207 208 KEDRENOS, PSEUDO-SYMEON, AND DELPHI to the chronographic 'cycle' of Symeon Logothete.9 Pseudo-Symeon, which is transmitted by a single manuscript, Paris. MARKOPOULOS, A., Kedrenos, Pseudo-Symeon, and the Last Oracle of Delphi , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:2 (1985:Summer) p.207 A. MARKO POULOS 209 what was the specific source Pseudo-Symeon was using, alongside Theophanes, to cover the period between 284 and 813?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-531", "words": "5755", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "How the Desert Fathers \u201cMeditated\u201d", "date": "2006", "keywords": "abba; desert; fathers; heart; john; ka\u2039; melet\u00ea; monks; nau; psalms; singing; sys", "summary": "Isaiah of Scet\u00ea advises monks: \u201cWhen you are residing in your cell, pay con- tinual attention to these three things: to working with your hands, to melet\u00ea, and to prayer. It should also be noted in this context that monks did not have a monopoly of such feats of memory.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5311", "words": "3549", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "van der Valk, M.", "title": "On the God Cronus", "date": "1985", "keywords": "cronus; der; god; greek; hesiod; lines; van; zeus", "summary": "On the other hand, he is called Kpovov 1Tai~ aYKVAo/J:rITEw no less than seven times.1 That Zeus was Cronus' son was of course a fact not to be denied; but given the ill fame of Cronus, why does the poet put forward this identification of Zeus so often?2 We might rather have expected him to pass over the matter in silence. Elsewhere, Greek tradition preserves distinctly favourable aspects of Cronus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5321", "words": "3674", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Krentz, Peter", "title": "Casualties in Hoplite Battles", "date": "1985", "keywords": "battles; casualties; greek; hoplite; losses; thuc; thucydides", "summary": "Yet Diodorus has not less than 4,000, an incredible figure, as compari\u00ad son with casualty rates for other battles shows. Oswyn Murray finds the battle of Plataea illustra\u00ad tive of hoplite battles in general: It is typical of the nature of hoplite warfare that in this greatest of hoplite battles the Greeks lost only 159 men.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5331", "words": "12263", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Unz, Ron K.", "title": "The Surplus of the Athenian Phoros", "date": "1985", "keywords": "athenian; athens; cities; figure; greek; league; phoros; quota; ron; ships; supra; surplus; surplus tribute; thucydides; total; tribute; unz; years", "summary": "More serious difficulty has been seen in the poor correlation be\u00ad tween irregular tribute payments and the presence of large Athenian military forces in the vicinity.48 For example, during the years that saw large Athenian fleets besieging Samos and Byzantium (440/39?) and Potidaea (432-429), irregularities in tribute quota payments from neighboring cities {including partial payment and actual default} are no more severe than those for the same cities in more normal years. Only Diodorus dissents from' this harmony of sources, putting Athenian tribute revenue at 560T in 47817 and 460T in 431/0 (Diod. 11.47.1, 12.40.2); but these figures contradict simple logic and evidence that tribute actually increased during this period.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5341", "words": "3308", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Greenwalt, William", "title": "The Introduction of Caranus into the Argead King List", "date": "1985", "keywords": "alexander; amyntas; caranus; king; list; perdiccas", "summary": "According to Hammond's ac\u00ad count of the order of succession through the 390's (reflecting the order of Diodorus with one addition), the king list for this decade reads: Orestes (399-398), Aeropus (398-394), Amyntas II (394/3), Pausanias (394/3), and Amyntas III (393-369)-whose reign restored longevity, if not stability, to the Macedonian throne.14 We should note at once that neither Amyntas II nor Amyntas III was a direct descendant of Archelaus or his father, Perdiccas II. All the contending factions were Argeads whose blood was believed to run blue down through Alexander I, but both Amyntas II and Amyntas III might have found it expedient to diminish the importance of the accession of Perdiccas II over their own respective ancestors, Mene\u00ad laus and Amyntas (Perdiccas' brothers) .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5351", "words": "3336", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Thompson, Wesley E.", "title": "Chabrias at Corinth", "date": "1985", "keywords": "aristides; chabrias; corinth; iphicrates; kat; scholiast; xenophon", "summary": "THOMPSON, WESLEY E., Chabrias at Corinth , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:1 (1985:Spring) p.51 Chabrias at Corinth Wesley E. Thompson SOMETIME AFTER DESTROYING the Spartan mora Iphicrates was re\u00ad placed as leader of the mercenary corps in Corinth by Chabrias.1 On the basis of the scholia to Aelius Aristides, Kirchner has written that Chabrias then led his army to victory at Phlius and Man\u00ad tinea,2 but Parke, regarding the scholia as a doubtful source, says that we find no positive references to successes on Chabrias' part, unless the garbled references of the Scholiast ... can be trusted. Surely the trophy marks the killing of the Phliasians who came out to oppose the invader; but A C attributes the victory first to Iphicrates, then to Chabrias.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5361", "words": "3248", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Knox, Peter E.", "title": "The Epilogue to the Aetia", "date": "1985", "keywords": "aetia; arsinoe; book; callimachus; edition; epilogue; new; peter; pfeiffer", "summary": "Given the nature of book produc\u00ad tion before the adoption of the codex form, a collected edition could 1 For the evidence for Apollonius' borrowing see Rudolph Pfeiffer, Callimachus II (Oxford 1953) xli-xlii. This date may hold for the Prologue as well, where Callimachus refers to himself as an old man.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5371", "words": "3227", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Stewart, Randall", "title": "The Oracular \u03b5\u1f30", "date": "1985", "keywords": "form; greek; kat; oracular; petitions; questions; randall; stewart; supra; verb", "summary": "Ei apErT, T, PT/TOPUOJ; (86), Ei AOYOV EXEL Ttl ~4Ja; (135), Ei 1Tam CTVv\u00ad T/YOPT/TEOV; (156), Ei 8Wa-EL YVW/-LT/v 0 1TOALTTj<; 1TPOELBW<; on ov 1TOVT,UEL, OV 1TELUEL; (64), 1TEpt TOll YVWfJL uaVTOV Kat Ei afJavaTO<; T, t/lvXT,; (177), 1TEpt apETTj<; Ei 8LOOKTOV T, apErT,; (180), Ei a1TpaKTo<; 0 7TEpi 1TavTwv E1TEXWV; (210). STEWART, RANDALL, The Oracular ei [Greek] , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:1 (1985:Spring) p.67 RANDALL STEWART 73 ture, suggesting that the author made no distinction between hypoth\u00ad eses and oracular questions. The similarity of these questions to those asked at Delphi and Dodona places the Sorles firmly in the oracular tradition.14 Just as in the case of the Dodona tablets Pomtow felt obliged to exclude the possibility of direct questions introduced by ei, so various explanations have been offered for the appearance of ei at the head of independent questions in the Sortes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5381", "words": "3979", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "vander Leest, J.", "title": "Lucian in Egypt", "date": "1985", "keywords": "archistator; duties; egypt; greek; lampo; lucian; post; prefect; roman", "summary": "The identification of Lucian as iJ'rrof.LvTJIJ.llro'Ypacpo() has been maintained by J. F. Gilliam, Ala Agrippiana and Archistator, CP 56 (1961) 103 (Addendum), and C. P. Jones, Two Enemies of Lucian, GRBS 13 (1972) 486. 75 LEEST, VANDER J., Lucian in Egypt , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:1 (1985:Spring) LEEST, VANDER J., Lucian in Egypt , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:1 (1985:Spring)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5391", "words": "6162", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Stephens, Laurence D.", "title": "Trends in the Prosodic Evolution of the Greek Choliamb", "date": "1985", "keywords": "accent; babrius; choliamb; evolution; greek; herodas; laurence; nature; penultimate; stephens; syllables; words", "summary": "Trend toward higher frequencies of final syllables long by nature at the end of the choliamb noted, proportionally more disyllables than the rest, and-as is clear from the table and as might be anticipated on morphological consid\u00ad erations-disyllables have a higher rate of final Co VCo syllables than longer words. This procedure has been adopted because elementary considerations of Greek inflectional morphology indicate that there could be a correla\u00ad tion between syllable structure and word length: e.g. final syllables long by nature are more common in the declensions of a- and o-stems than in the declension of consonant stems, while consonant stems-unlike a- and o-stems-are frequently a syllable longer in oblique cases.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5401", "words": "5421", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Mastronarde, Donald J.", "title": "Notes on Some Manuscripts of Euripides\u2019 Phoenissae", "date": "1985", "keywords": "euripides; manuscripts; notes; phoenissae; scholia; text; vat", "summary": "MASTRONARDE, DONALD J., Notes on Some Manuscripts of Euripides' Phoenissae , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:1 (1985:Spring) p.99 102 SOME MANUSCRIPTS OF EURIPIDES' PHOENISSAE Zv 8C Zm - ZvPC: 608 J.t'YIKVlIaIS Zv 8C Zm, 966 av'Tov ZvlZm, 977 m; Zv l Zm, 1063 AdJo{30AOll Zv l Zm, and 5 other passages Zm 8C Zv 8C - ZmpcZvPC: 331 avjjgE a.c., chryi'gE p.C., 449 7TOAtV om. Similar schoolmasterly guidance is given in the same way in other lines.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-541", "words": "12801", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Botley, Paul", "title": "Renaissance Scholarship and the Athenian Calendar", "date": "2006", "keywords": "athenian; basle; books; bruni; calendar; century; chrysoloras; colophon; date; december; dictionaries; dictionary; edition; februarius; fol; gaza; greek; latin; letter; lexicon; london; maius; martius; mensibus; mensis; months; paris; plutarch; renaissance; scholarship; set; venice; work", "summary": "Athenian months appear in the spurious testimonia and leges transmitted with Demosthenes\u2019 De corona. Demosthenes uses four Athenian months in close succession in his Third Olynthiac.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5411", "words": "8707", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Kullmann, Wolfgang", "title": "Oral Poetry Theory and Neoanalysis in Homeric Research", "date": "1984", "keywords": "achilles; aethiopis; death; epics; greek; homeric; iliad; kullmann; motifs; neoanalysis; poetry; poetry theory; research; studies; supra; theory; tradition; wolfgang", "summary": "While in the Middle Ages the existence of epics written in other languages prompted the transformation of oral epics into written form, this does not at first strike one as being the case in early Greece. Fortunately, the time of separate development is now over: several treatises on oral poetry theory have been written in Germany,2 and neoanalysis has increasingly been taken notice of in America and Great Britain.3", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5421", "words": "10458", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "51", "author": "Mondi, Robert", "title": "The Ascension of Zeus and the Composition of Hesiod\u2019s Theogony", "date": "1984", "keywords": "ascension; birth; composition; gods; greek; hesiod; homeric; hymn; kronos; lines; mondi; narrative; p.325; poem; power; robert; song; studies; supra; text; theogony; titanomachy; tradition; zeus", "summary": "In the Callimachean hymn Zeus likewise comes to power through Epya XHPWV (65). The Ascension of Zeus and the Composition of Hesiod's Theogony Robert Mondi T HE DISTINCTION between the synchronic and diachronic analysis of a work of literature is nowhere more relevant than in the ex\u00ad plication of Hesiod's Theogony.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5431", "words": "2506", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Gagarin, Michael", "title": "The Testimony of Witnesses in the Gortyn Laws", "date": "1984", "keywords": "case; gortyn; headlam; laws; testimony; witnesses", "summary": "In view of these two examples, it seems likely that witnesses at Gortyn could and did testify to the facts in other legal cases. GAGARIN, MICHAEL, The Testimony of Witnesses in the Gortyn Laws , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 25:4 (1984)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5441", "words": "10351", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Stadter, Philip A.", "title": "Plutarch, Charinus, and the Megarian Decree", "date": "1984", "keywords": "anthemocritus; athenians; charinus decree; death; decree; greek; megara; megarian; megarian decree; n.2; p.351; pericles; philip; philip a.; plutarch; sparta; stadter; studies; supra; thucydides; war", "summary": "Craterus' collec\u00ad tion of decrees is the most likely, as for other decrees cited in the Pericles (cj. Reasonable decree Death of Anthe- Pericles' anger mocritus (Megarian Charinus decree Megarian decree (Megarian decree) decree) Conference at Sparta, includ- ing Megarian complaints against the decree Peloponnesian Pressure on embassies Pericles Pericles' refusal (Pericles' refusal (Pericles' refusal Pericles' refusal to repeal to repeal) to repeal) to repeal reply, which confirms Thucydides on Pericles' opposition.6 Thucydi\u00ad des' version, however, created a difficulty for Plutarch, because the vehemence of Pericles' stand against repeal and for war did not fit the biographer's understanding of his character, which he thought was marked by calmness and self-restraint under stress (1Tp(;nh'Y}~, cf, Per. 5.0.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5451", "words": "7865", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Hammond, N. G. L.", "title": "Spectacle and Parody in Euripides\u2019 Electra", "date": "1984", "keywords": "aeschylus; attendants; electra; euripides; greek; hammond; head; man; orestes; parody; play; spectacle; urn", "summary": "Orestes is to bring it to show Electra (855-57); he does so at 895, she takes it (he is yours now, 898), and she rids herself of it at 952, begone. When Electra came in sight, she was thought by Orestes to be a slave (107-10); for her dress was ragged, dirty, and homespun (I 84f, 304f, 307, 11 07), her body was emaciated (239f), and her head was shaven (108, 148, 241, 335).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5461", "words": "4048", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Rosen, Ralph M.", "title": "The Ionian at Aristophanes Peace 46", "date": "1984", "keywords": "aesop; aristophanes; beetle; dung; fable; ionian; peace; ralph; rosen; supra", "summary": "The references to Hip\u00ad ponax in Aristophanes (Lys. 36Of, Ran. 66Of) imply a familiarity with that author, and ROSEN, RALPH M., The Ionian at Aristophanes Peace 46 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 25:4 (1984) Therefore, as it is not Aristophanes' main purpose to ridicule Cleon through an allegorical dung beetle (as the Ionian supposes), the suggestion that an Ionian would nevertheless interpret the beetle along these lines parodies the willingness of an Ionian to see invective in anything.9 That the Ionian is meant to be seen as drawing on his knowledge of his native literary traditions is further exemplified by the fact that he is made to interpret the dung beetle as one would interpret an Ionian animal fable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5481", "words": "4270", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Shelmerdine, Susan C.", "title": "Hermes and the Tortoise: A Prelude to Cult", "date": "1984", "keywords": "animal; apollo; cattle; god; hermes; hymn; lyre; music; sacrifice; song; tortoise", "summary": "Here Hermes focuses on the tortoise-shell (the only part of the animal in which he has any interest), asking where it came from (32-33),9 and using a string of epithets that foreshadow its transformation into the lyre (31-32): he calls the tortoise lovely in shape (q,vT,V EpoEuua), played/beaten at the dance (~OPO(:TV7rE), and comrade of the feast (Ba'To~ ETai\u00ad PTI).10 Hermes draws his speech to a close with a promise to honor the tortoise (ovB' a1TOTtI-'T,UW, 35); this final element of the hymnic form leads directly into Hermes' next act, the killing of the tortoise. SHELMERDINE, SUSAN C., Hermes and the Tortoise: A Prelude to Cult , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 25:3 (1984) p.201 Hermes and the Tortoise: A Prelude to Cult Susan C. Shelmerdine THE HOMERIC HYMN to Hermes, one of the four longer poems of the corpus, tells the story of Hermes' conception, birth, and inauguration into the Olympic pantheon after his first two mis\u00ad chief-filled days of life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5491", "words": "12012", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Parke, H. W.", "title": "Croesus and Delphi", "date": "1984", "keywords": "apollo; century; croesus; cyrus; dedications; delphi; fall; gold; greek; h. w.; herodotus; oracles; p.209; parke; sibyl; sibylline; studies; temple; time; years", "summary": "p.209 H. W. PARKE 213 Again, in three places Herodotus mentions Croesus' dedications to Apollo of Branchidae, which he said he heard were equal in weight and similar to those at Delphi. For the inter\u00ad pretation of the evidence, Cook (supra n.9) 28, and for a different view, A. Andrewes, CAH2 III.3 401. PARKE, H. W., Croesus and Delphi , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 25:3 (1984) p.209 H. W. PARKE 215 temples of Apollo at Delphi, gives the date for the fire as the first year of the fifty-eighth Olympiad and the archonship of Erxecleides at Athens: that is 54817 B.C.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5501", "words": "5198", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Briggs, Jr, Ward W.", "title": "B. L. Gildersleeve on Pindar Nemean 3.74-75", "date": "1984", "keywords": "age; aiwv; briggs; gildersleeve; greek; life; nemean; pindar; supra; virtues; ward", "summary": "So Donaldson (210), Pindar is speaking with reference to the Pythagorean di\u00ad vision of virtue into four species. BRIGGS, WARD W., JR, B. L. Gildersleeve on Pindar Nemean 3.74-75 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 25:3 (1984) p.233 B. L. Gildersleeve on Pindar Nemean 3.74-75 Ward W. Briggs, Jr", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-551", "words": "14596", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Carawan, Edwin", "title": "The Athenian Law of Agreement", "date": "2006", "keywords": "agreement; argument; athenian; athenogenes; athens; carawan; cargo; case; contract; dem; epicrates; isocrates; ka\u2039; law; money; obligation; olympiodorus; plaintiff; property; rule; security; terms; transaction", "summary": "Athenogenes will insist that the agreement is final; Epicrates can only contend that binding agreements must be \u201cjust\u201d or equitable The first instance also suggests that binding agreements must be witnessed, but that does not necessarily reflect the language of a statute.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5511", "words": "4319", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Hamilton, Richard", "title": "Sources for the Athenian Amphidromia", "date": "1984", "keywords": "amphidromia; athenian; child; deubner; feast; n.4; richard; sources; supra; tenth", "summary": "29 Stengel (supra n.4) 1902 and Nilsson (supra n.8) are two who do recognize that the feast shows a connection between Amphidromia and naming celebration. , Suda s. v. 8EKclTTW EU'Tf,clUat, Phot.) , preparation for a feast (Ephippos/Euboulos) which included some drinking (Ephippos/Euboulos; Av.) and which culminated in a more public feast during the night (Av., Suda) at which the child was named and presented to the larger group of relatives.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5521", "words": "10190", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Wheeler, Everett L.", "title": "Sophistic Interpretations and Greek Treaties", "date": "1984", "keywords": "byzantine; century; clauses; deceit; dolo; everett; everett l.; evidence; examples; greek; greek treaties; iii; interpretations; kat; law; malo; oath; p.253; perjury; polyaen; polybius; sine; staatsvertr; studies; supra; treaties; treaty; wheeler", "summary": "Treaties Anti-deceit clauses Century Treaties on stone in treaties on stone VII 6 0 0 VI 11 3 1 V 91 33 8 IV 170 64 6 III 110 66 8 Total 388 166 23 It is this relationship which this paper seeks to establish more clearly: the kind of interpretation illustrated by these anecdotes is precisely what in most cases an anti-deceit clause seeks to prevent, and comparison of Greek anti-deceit clauses with Roman formulaic practice will dem\u00ad onstrate that the Greek clauses are not simply formulaic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5531", "words": "4978", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Blank, David L.", "title": "Dialectical Method in the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia", "date": "1984", "keywords": "account; aristotelian; aristotle; ath.pol; athenaion; blank; david; history; kat; method; politeia; sources; studies; thucydides", "summary": "All these positions taken by Aristotle work well in the context of a political conspiracy. ,C; and consequently the consummate Athenian politician (Ath.Po/. 5.3, 11.2) squares with Aristotle's philosophy in genera15 and with his political theory in particular.6 The Ath.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5541", "words": "5777", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Caponigro, Mark Stephen", "title": "Five Men and Ten Ships: A Riddle in Athenaeus", "date": "1984", "keywords": "almonds; athenaeus; caponigro; greek; line; mark; men; numbers; riddle; ships; solution; stephen; studies", "summary": "But it may be doubted whether, in Greek riddles at least, numerical quantities and their relations are ever made the locus of deception, as such a perverse reading would require. 10 Supra n.l. 11 The tendency in Greek riddles is to secure the quantity of a particular element as reliable, even though the value of the element is itself doubtful.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5551", "words": "2372", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Jordan, D. R.", "title": "Two Christian Prayers from Southeastern Sicily", "date": "1984", "keywords": "burzachechi; christian; prayers; sicily", "summary": "The first word Burzachechi transcribes AMHN; but in inscribed prayers, aIL;'1I is usually found not at the beginnings but at the ends.4 Because nu is normally written N rather than ~ in both texts5 and because angels' names frequently end in -1]A, I transcribe the word not AMHN but AMRA and assume a hitherto (as far as I know) unattested name of an angel.6 The ver- 3 For ov - v see F. T. Gignac, A Grammar of the Greek Papyri of the Roman and Byzantine Periods They are a group of prayers, most concerning vineyards, and they have magical overtones.1 Some are quite difficult to read, and few are adequately edited.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5561", "words": "3073", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Kadletz, Edward", "title": "The Sacrifice of Eumaios the Pig Herder", "date": "1984", "keywords": "eumaios; gods; homer; meat; offering; pig; portion; sacrifice", "summary": "WTa are first fruit offerings without referring to ap'Yf. Others have pointed out before that heroes sacrifice and pray to specific deities, but that the common people tend to send their requests and offerings simply to the gods.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5571", "words": "1692", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Shapiro, H. A.", "title": "Ponos and Aponia", "date": "1984", "keywords": "aphrodite; aponia; new; ponos; vases", "summary": "Peitho, worshipped there in association with Aphrodite and depicted as serv\u00ad ing the goddess on our pyxis, as on several other vases, probably took on an increasingly political character (as rhetorical persuasion) under the influence of the\u00b7 Sophistic movement.12 In the Hellenistic period, Aphrodite was worshipped near the Agora under the cult name 10 1TEPL/3. ~~OV\u00b7 Cx1TOXPT1[U]EWI; ed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5721", "words": "4112", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Philippides, Marios", "title": "Patriarchal Chronicles of the Sixteenth Century", "date": "1984", "keywords": "chronicles; constantinople; crusius; greek; history; kat; malaxos; manuel; patriarchate; philippides; sphrantzes; supra; tov", "summary": "Manuel Malaxos was a member of the immediate circle of the patriarch.15 the protonotarios of the Patriarchate, who supplied most of the 14 Philippides {supra n.2>- 150n Manuel Malaxos see G. Moravcsik, Byzantinoturcica I (Berlin 1958)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5731", "words": "2664", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Sutton, Dana Ferrin", "title": "The Date of Prometheus Bound", "date": "1983", "keywords": "aeschylus; date; greek; griffith; pagos; play; prometheus; sutton", "summary": "FERRIN SUTTON, DANA, The Date of Prometheus Bound , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:4 (1983:Winter) The date and circumstances of production of Prometheus Bound are not known.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5741", "words": "5407", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Adeleye, Gabriel", "title": "The Purpose of Dokimasia", "date": "1983", "keywords": "adeleye; candidate; dokimasia; evidence; gabriel; law; office; oligarchs; plaintiff; purpose", "summary": "Pol. 55.4) and that it must have contained a provision by which it was possible to reject a candidate without maintaining that he was formally debarred from holding office. Headlam, who is mainly concerned with refuting Busolt's view (supra n.l) that the dokimasia was used to disqualify unsuitable candidates who had been chosen by lot, believes that the sole purpose of the institution was the establishment of legal qualifications, and rejects the use of the dokimasia for enquiring into the candidate's suitability for office and the probity of his entire life.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5751", "words": "6942", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Graphe or Dike Traumatos?", "date": "1983", "keywords": "action; demosthenes; dike; fine; graphe; graphe traumatos; hansen; herman; kat; longo; mogens; oem; passages; public; traumatos", "summary": "(c) The use of ypaqrq and 'Ypa\u00ad ~u(Jm denoting the written accusation in private actions is indeed extremely rare, and we must not forget that hundreds of passages attest the common meaning '(to bring a) public action', or '(indict\u00ad ment in a) public action'. Longo suggests that the meaning of graphe in these passages is not 'public action' but 'written document' (250, 260).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5761", "words": "6171", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Cargill, Jack", "title": "IG II2 1 and the Athenian Kleruchy on Samos", "date": "1983", "keywords": "athenian; athens; b.c; cargill; century; greek; jack; kleruchy; names; samian; samos; sources; studies; supra", "summary": "The decree awarding Athenian citizenship to the loyal Samians in 405 B.C. was presumably inscribed at the time of its passage; a pro\u00ad vision of the decree itself (38-40) provided for erecting inscribed copies in both Athens and Samos. Gawantka (supra n.5) 196 is forced to explain away the apparent possession of Athenian citizenship by Eumachos (who is invited to deipnon, not xenia, 37)-a person who appears to be in Athens only briefly, as an ambassador, before returning to Samos (34f).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5771", "words": "5782", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Westlake, H. D.", "title": "Conon and Rhodes: The Troubled Aftermath of Synoecism", "date": "1983", "keywords": "conon; fleet; greek; rhodes; sparta; spartans; supra; synoecism; westlake", "summary": "WESTLAKE, H. D., Conon and Rhodes: The Troubled Aftermath of Synoecism , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:4 (1983:Winter) p.333 H. D. WESTLAKE 335 from Cyprus, so that his fleet was increased to eighty ships with which he moved to Loryma, a harbour-town on the mainland nearest to Rhodes.lO Thereupon the Rhodians, after expelling (EK{3a1\\.ovnc;) the Peloponnesian force, revolted from Sparta and received Conon with his whole force into their city (Diod. 14.79.6). From the fragment of Androtion cited above it may be inferred with some confidence, despite inaccuracies on other points,24 that Conon, while still at Caunus, established contact initially with democratic elements at Rhodes with the intention of further stimulating their known hostility to Sparta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5781", "words": "1463", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "An Argive Dynasty in Malalas", "date": "1983", "keywords": "diodoros; kastor; malalas; years", "summary": "He states that Phoroneus was king until the reign of Lynkeus, who took as his wife Hyperm (n)estra from among the daughters Danaos~ Malalas alleges, on the authority of Archilochos (?), that Lynkeus fought a war against Danaos and killed him before taking the kingship and his daughter.3 It is also asserted that the successor of Lynkeus was Triopas. At the beginning of his fourth book Malalas treats of heroic Argive dynasts.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5791", "words": "2216", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Malay, Hasan", "title": "A Royal Document from Aigai in Aiolis", "date": "1983", "keywords": "aigai; aiolis; document; inscription; kat; malay; royal", "summary": "PO/3(XTWV BE Kat alywv 7TEV'TYlKOcr- , \\' ,f, ~ 'TYlV' ~YI'f'e'TaL u- 1 I also found here a votive stele of Roman times dedicated to ZEVS- \u00b7OAll/.,/TrW Kat \u20ac~KOOC;, two architectural marble blocks with mouldings, and a small Byzantine deco\u00ad rated pillar, which will be published elsewhere with other new inscriptions from Aigai. southeast of ancient Aigai, to the Ma\u00ad nisa Museum in 1981.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5801", "words": "5883", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Gregory, Timothy E.", "title": "Julian and the Last Oracle at Delphi", "date": "1983", "keywords": "christian; daphne; delphi; greek; gregory; julian; kedrenos; oracle; pagan; philostorgios; temple; timothy; vatin", "summary": "The oracle is thus to be classified with stories of contests between Chris\u00ad tian holy men and their demon adversaries and it fits into a long tradition of using oracles as 'evidence' in religious conflict.7 This, he argued, is in direct contradiction to what we know about Delphi, where oracles were always delivered by the Pythia and where the Kastalian Spring was only a part of the rites of purification prior to the consultation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-581", "words": "6356", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Cribiore, Raffaella", "title": "Lucian, Libanius, and the Short Road to Rhetoric", "date": "2007", "keywords": "cribiore; dialogue; education; libanius; lucian; rhetoric; road; roman; school; students; teacher; time; years", "summary": "The audience that Lucian conjures up mirrored itself in the outlines of its past. 71\u201386 \u00a9 2007 GRBS Lucian, Libanius, and the Short Road to Rhetoric Raffaella Cribiore HE TEACHER OF RHETORIC of Lucian has not attracted much scholarly attention.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5811", "words": "3113", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "van der Valk, M.", "title": "Eustathius and Callimachus", "date": "1983", "keywords": "aetia; callimachus; der; eustathius; line; valk; van", "summary": "VALK, M. VAN DER, Eustathius and Callimachus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:4 (1983:Winter) p.367 Eustathius and Callimachus M van der Valk I N HIS HOMERIC COMMENTARIES Eustathius more than once-in fact 49 times-refers to passages of Callimachus' works. Hence it is assumed that Eustathius was not acquainted at first hand with those works of Callimachus that are now lost to us.2 Now Pfeiffer has demonstrated that in the twelfth century Michael Choniates, a pupil of Eustathius, was still able to consult directly works of Callimachus now los1.3 It is tempting to think id quod licuit bovi, Iicuisse Jovi - that Eustathius also had access to Callimachus' works.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5821", "words": "1183", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Kazhdan, Alexander", "title": "Looking Back to Antiquity: Three Notes", "date": "1983", "keywords": "choniates; eustathius; josephus; kat", "summary": "Kat 'Tf'pO~ E'Tf't- f3aTTJPI.ov<; E!3AE'Tf'E JLnxava~ (252, 254) Kat 'TO AOt7TOV /xV'Tt'Tf'apE\u00a7\u00ad", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5831", "words": "6100", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Simms, Robert M.", "title": "Eumolpos and the Wars of Athens", "date": "1983", "keywords": "athenian; athens; eleusis; erechtheus; eumolpos; hymn; iii; robert; supra; theseus; thracian; tradition; version; wars", "summary": "In the expanded list of Andron, of course, Eumolpos II cannot found the Mys\u00ad teries, for that task has passed to the added Eumolpos III (cf the second-generation Mystery-founding Eumolpos of Istros F22). It is possible that the names Anti\u00ad phemos/Mousaios/Eumolpos III represent a corresponding, and con\u00ad sequent, expansion of the Eumolpid list, and that Eumolpos II was the opposite number to Theseus in the earlier, shorter lists: Eumolpos I Keryx Eumolpos II (Mystery-founder )49 46 Pearson (supra n.33) 87.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5841", "words": "9282", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Carawan, Edwin M.", "title": "Erotesis: Interrogation in the Courts of Fourth-Century Athens", "date": "1983", "keywords": "anakrisis; apagoge; athens; autumn; carawan; case; century; courts; debate; edwin; erotesis; greek; hansen; interrogation; p.209; procedure; questions; speaker; speeches; studies; supra; trial", "summary": "M. H. Hansen has suggested that the magistrates in charge-the Eleven, the thesmothetai, or the council, annual officials appointed by lot with no special qualifica\u00ad tions-routinely disposed of such cases by execution without trial (TO aKpLTOll a7ToKTE'illaL).14 Aristogeiton's proposal to the council may seem to suggest that the Eleven and other legal officials had similar authority to interpret the statements of the accused as admission of guilt~ however, w~ have no single instance of summary execution in such cases.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5851", "words": "6104", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Political Activity and the Organization of Attica in the Fourth Century B.C.", "date": "1983", "keywords": "activity; athens; attica; boule; century; citizens; demes; mesogaios; number; paralia; quotas; rhetores", "summary": "Likewise, if we accept that most citizens above thirty had to serve at least once in the boule, then the bouleutic quota assigned each deme must in most cases have matched almost exactly the number of citizens actually eligible, and again it is almost un\u00ad believable that the distribution of eligible citizens over the demes was unchanged from the late sixth century to the late fourth, or that Kleisthenes anticipated the inevitable changes. If we follow the common view that most of the politically active citizens lived near the Agora and the Pnyx and that most citizens still lived in their demes, then more than half, not just a quarter, of the politically active would be members of city demes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5861", "words": "6692", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kallet, Lisa", "title": "Iphikrates, Timotheos, and Athens, 371-360 B.C.", "date": "1983", "keywords": "alliance; athens; b.c; chersonese; date; demosthenes; greek; iphikrates; kallet; kotys; lisa; macedonia; studies; timotheos", "summary": "From [Dem.l 49.66 we learn that Timotheos threatened to prose\u00ad cute Iphikrates on a charge of gEVta. He suggests that in 365 Timotheos, after the siege of Samos, went to Amphipolis, relieved Iphikrates, and, after besieging Methone, Pydna, and Amphipolis, continued to the Hellespont along with Agesilaos.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5871", "words": "2375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Baanes the Notary on \u2018Old Edessa\u2019", "date": "1983", "keywords": "aigeai; baanes; edessa; euphorion; george; huxley; justin; karanos; macedonia; notary; trogus; vodena", "summary": "The alleged toponym is best given as 'Old Edessa' to distinguish it from Edessa-Vodena; 'Old 7 Hammond (supra n.2) 8-9~ H. W. Parke and D. E. W. Wormell, The Delphic Or\u00ad ac/e2 II (Oxford 1956) HUXLEY, GEORGE, Baanes the Notary on 'Old Edessa' , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:3 (1983:Autumn) p.253 GEORGE HUXLEY 257 Edessa in Macedonia nor ask whether there was a connexion between them.12 Roman imperial copper coins of Edessa-Vodena dated to the times of Julia Domna, Caracalla, and Julia Paula show a goat on the reverses~ 13 but there the animal appears as a traditional Macedonian symbol and no special link between Edessa-Vodena and Aigeai is being asserted.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5881", "words": "6832", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Pearcy, Lee T.", "title": "Galen and Stoic Rhetoric", "date": "1983", "keywords": "dialectic; galen; greek; ideas; lacy; language; lee; logic; pearcy; rhetoric; stoics", "summary": "PEARCY, LEE T., Galen and Stoic Rhetoric , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:3 (1983:Autumn) p.259 264 GALEN AND STOIC RHETORIC for establishing the seat of the rational soul, he observes that every\u00ad thing which falls outside this course is superfluous and irrelevant; and this is the way in which a scientific premise of a demonstration (Em.\u00ad UTTlI-WVtK()J) Cl1ro8E~EWf; AT,/-tI-W) differs from one that is rhetorical, useful for training, or sophistical (Doctr. In this matter as in his repartition of logic, the greatest influence on Galen's rhetoric was Stoic rhetoric.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5891", "words": "5347", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Thomas, John Philip", "title": "A Disputed Novel of Basil II", "date": "1983", "keywords": "basil; basil ii; byzantine; john; law; legislation; nicephorus; novel; philip; phocas; repeal; studies; supra; svoronos; thomas", "summary": "He attempted a reconciliation by accepting a 'first repeal' of Nicephorus Phocas' law by Tzimisces in 969, its reinstitution by the parakoimome\u00ad nos Basil (under pressure from Nicephorus Phocas' nephew Bardas Phocas), and a 'second repeal' by Basil II in 988.7 There is no support in the sources, however, for the reinstitution of Nicephorus Phocas' law which this complicated reconstruction requires. 11 Dolger Regesten no. 1523, (./ 1419, discussed by Lemerle (supra n.9) 217, and Svoronos (supra n.l0) 375-82; Nicetas Choniates Hist. 7.3 (207 van Dieten): wOn: Kat THOMAS, JOHN PHILIP, A Disputed Novel of Basil II , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:3 (1983:Autumn) p.273 276 A DISPUTED NOVEL OF BASIL II deed, the relevant passage in Choniates' Historia is read by Svoronos to imply that there was no formal repeal of Nicephorus Phocas' law, thereby opening to critics of the disputed Basilian novel the possibility of condemning it without necessarily accepting in its stead the weakly attested repeal by John Tzimisces.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5901", "words": "4934", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Shapiro, H. A.", "title": "Amazons, Thracians, and Scythians", "date": "1983", "keywords": "amazons; black; bothmer; century; figure; greek; scythians; shapiro; supra; thracian; von", "summary": "An encounter with Amazons figures among the exploits of three important Greek heroes, and each story entered the Attic vase\u00ad painters' repertoire at a different time in the course of the sixth century. The appearance of 'Thracian Amazons' and 'Scythian Amazons' in vase-painting not only offers some insight into Greek ideas about Amazons at a time when literary sources are silent, but also raises the possibility that the Amazonomachy was seen as a mythical prototype for certain historical events long before the post-Persian decades when it most conspicuously played that role.9 4 Neck-amphora, London B210: ABV 144.7; W. Technau, Exekias (Leipzig 1936) pI. 25; neck-amphora, London B209: ABV 144.8; Technau pI. 26.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-591", "words": "6463", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Finglass, P. J.", "title": "A Newly-Discovered Edition of Sophocles by Peter Elmsley", "date": "2007", "keywords": "copy; edinburgh; edition; elmsley; laing; letter; library; london; oxford; review; sophocles; text; vol; wynn", "summary": "9 Elmsley\u2019s associations with Edinburgh go back to his uncle, a bookseller and publisher also called Peter Elmsley (1735/6\u20131802). P. J. FINGLASS 103 This imperfect volume formed part of an intended edition of Sophocles by Mr. Elmsley.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5911", "words": "8660", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Perlman, Paula", "title": "Plato Laws 833C-834D and the Bears of Brauron", "date": "1983", "keywords": "age; arkteia; arktoi; artemis; athenian; bears; brauron; girls; greek; kahil; laws; marriage; n.4; p.115; paula; perlman; plato; ritual; studies; summer; supra", "summary": "What evidence we have suggests that Athenian girls married as young as age fourteen, although men of learning agreed that a later age, in accord with Spartan custom, was preferable.12 Because the Arkteia at Brauron was a penteteric celebration,13 re\u00ad strictions limiting the participants' age would need to span at least four years in order that every girl have the opportunity to take part before her marriage. The age and ritual service of the kanephoros are problematic.46 That Aristophanes did have a specific ritual in mind is indicated by iuxuOOJv op/-W80<;.47 What it was remains uncertain, but it seems likely that the service took place between acting the bear at the Brauronian Arkteia and the girl's marriage.48 Recognition of two age groups in the nude and clothed figures on the krateriskoi accords well with known Greek practice, for athletic and choral competition was frequently by age group.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5921", "words": "2444", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Stadter, Philip A.", "title": "The Motives for Athens\u2019 Alliance with Corcyra (Thuc. 1.44)", "date": "1983", "keywords": "alliance; athens; corcyra; corinth; thuc; war", "summary": "The Motives for Athens' Alliance with Corcyra (Thuc. 1.44) Philip A. Stadter D ESPlTE ABLE STUDIES of the Epidamnian affair, and in particu\u00ad lar of the Corcyraean and Corinthian speeches at Athens re\u00ad ported in Thucydides 1.32-43,1 the rationale of the Athenian decision to enter a defensive alliance with Corcyra has been misun\u00ad derstood. The Corinthians' argument carries a threat to interfere in Athens' relations with her subjects, if Athens inter\u00ad feres in Corcyra.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5931", "words": "7295", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Welsh, D.", "title": "The Chorus of Aristophanes\u2019 Babylonians", "date": "1983", "keywords": "aristophanes; athenian; athens; babylonians; chorus; ctesias; greek; herodotus; norwood; persian; slaves; welsh; zopyrus", "summary": "In short, provided only that the younger Zopyrus had reached Athens by 427, he could have served as an attractive 'prototype' for the chorus of Babylonians in Aristophanes' play. The fragments of the Babylonians are short and they do not yield any examples of parody of Herodotus, so it cannot be proved that Aristophanes derived his inspiration for the chorus from Zopyrus' his grandfather's deeds some ninety years earlier as the historian.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5941", "words": "18226", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Rhetores and Strategoi in Fourth-Century Athens", "date": "1983", "keywords": "347/6; aeschin; ambassador; apf; athens; boule; century; decree; defendant; din; ecclesia; eisangelia; graphe; hansen; hell; herman; honorary; honours; hyp; ij2; mogens; oem; paranomon; people; philip; plut; rhetores; strategoi; xen", "summary": "Brings an eisangelia (no. 119) against Lykophron, ea 333 (Hyp. 2.1, 2, 8). 'APUTTWVVIJ.O<; 'APUTTOVLKOV (not in PA). ; 37312 (Hesperia 8 [I939] 3-5 no. 2). 8parrof30vAo<; AVKOV LTEtPLEV<; (PA 7310, APF).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5951", "words": "1875", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Banchich, Thomas M.", "title": "Eunapius and Arethas", "date": "1983", "keywords": "arethas; eunapius; excerpta; photius; text", "summary": "Ex hypothesi, Arethas had difficulty obtaining a text of Eunapius' vEa \u20acKSO(TL'} from which to make his own copy, the copy later used for the Excerpta historica. Alternatively, between the time Arethas returned the volume lent him (if he ever did) and the call for a text of Eunapius for incorporation into the Excerpta, probably after 945, the library copies may simply have disappeared.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5961", "words": "3918", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Dyck, Andrew R.", "title": "On Digenis Akritas Grottaferrata Version Book 5", "date": "1983", "keywords": "akritas; book; bride; digenis; epic; greek; grottaferrata; plot; version", "summary": "In any case, it is clear that in Digenis Akritas the individual song is primary, the combination of songs into a connected narrative secondary and superficia1.23 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT Los ANGELES December, 1982 23 Here young Digenis steals his bride (with the young lady's conniv\u00ad ance) and is pursued by her father, who is a general, and his troops.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5971", "words": "7740", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Renehan, R.", "title": "A New Lexicon of Classical Greek", "date": "1983", "keywords": "dge; dictionary; entries; entry; form; glotta; greek; johnson; lexicon; lsj; names; new; passage; renehan; spring; studies; word; work", "summary": "The publisher furnishes the following figures: List of authors List of papyri List of inscriptions Entries, a to aAAa Words, a to aAAa LSJ DGE 1309 143 115 5000 148,500 2490 250 160 8500 324,000 Increase 90% 75% 40% 70% 120% The statistical comparison with LSJ is somewhat misleading, inasmuch as the figures for the DGE include both Christian authors and numer- for a{jpo/3a:rac; strikes me as verging on the insane. For the relationship of the TLG to the DGE see DGE x, xviii-xix, xxv, xlvi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5981", "words": "3189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Gerber, Douglas E.", "title": "Pindar, Pythian 11.30", "date": "1983", "keywords": "contrast; douglas; gerber; greek; ground; nem; passage; pindar; pythian", "summary": "What may seem somewhat surprising about Pythian 11.30 is that Pindar should have mentioned that a poor man could actually engage in loud, blustering talk, whether heeded or not, since poverty tends to be associated with lack of speech, as we see from passages such as Theognis 177-78, Kat yap Ctvr,p 1T'EVLTI 8E8J-LTJJ-LEVO~ OVTE Tt Ei1T'EtV OVT' 14 R. W. B. Burton, Pindar's Pythian Odes (Oxford 1962) 67.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-5991", "words": "2527", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Hammond, N. G. L.", "title": "Army Transport in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries", "date": "1983", "keywords": "animals; army; arr; baggage; pack; wagons; yoke", "summary": "14 n.lO, calls this word generic for any kind of baggage animals, and he then assumes that this word in our sources generally means pack-animals. Animals 'carrying loads on their backs' (Diod. 17.105.7, Curt. 3.13.16), that is 'pack-animals'.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6001", "words": "11927", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "The Athenian \u2018Politicians\u2019, 403-322 B.C.", "date": "1983", "keywords": "aeschin; athenian; b.c; century; citizen; dem; din; ecclesia; greek; group; hansen; herman; hyp; kat; leaders; mogens; oem; p.33; politicians; politics; rhetores; sense; spring; strategoi; studies; supra; term; tov; twv; word; yap", "summary": "~ EKEt UOcf>wTEPO~ EUO,.eVO~ Kat p~OV (3ovAEVUO,. Thus, in fourth-century Athens the phrase p-ljTOpE~ Kat (TTpaT'Ylyoi is the nearest equivalent of what we with a much vaguer and less formal term call 'politicians' or 'political leaders'.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-601", "words": "2667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Fornara, Charles W.; Yates, David C.", "title": "FGrHist 328 (Philochorus) F 181", "date": "2007", "keywords": "402/1; androtion; atthis; fragment; philochorus; \u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1", "summary": "F 181 Like M\u00fcller Jacoby printed Harpocration\u2019s entry as a verbatim quotation. Philochorus F 181, its intrinsic character, provenience and imputed date, has attracted no direct attention since its pub- lication, after M\u00fcller (FGH I p.404 F 124), by Jacoby in 1954.2 1 FGrHist 328 F 181.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6011", "words": "4393", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Mansfeld, Jaap", "title": "Techne: A New Fragment of Chrysippus", "date": "1983", "keywords": "chrysippus; cleanthes; david; definition; fragment; greek; kat; new; olympiodorus; svf; techne; zeno", "summary": "Olympiodorus, interpreting Gorgias, wants to find out whether or not rhetoric is a techne; he sets out definitions of techne and looks to see if they fit rhetoric. MANSFELD, JAAP, Techne: A New Fragment of Chrysippus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:1 (1983:Spring) p.57 JAAP MANSFELD 61 concept of 'definition' associated with that of the definition of [a] techne (schol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6021", "words": "1743", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Langdon, Merle K.", "title": "The Attic Tituli Memoriales", "date": "1983", "keywords": "langdon; memoriales; tituli", "summary": "LANGDON, MERLE K., The Attic Tituli Memoriales , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 24:1 (1983:Spring) p.67 The Attic Tituli Memoriales Merle K. Langdon I N THE ROMAN ERA it was not uncommon for Greek-speaking people in various parts of the Mediterranean world to commemo\u00ad rate their loved ones or favorites with inscriptions containing the verb /-U/-LVT,CTKW. In epigraphical corpora such inscriptions are put into the miscellaneous Varia or, when numerous enough, grouped under a separate heading, Tituli memoriales.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6031", "words": "5308", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Geography in the Acts of Thomas", "date": "1983", "keywords": "abbanes; acts; aksum; author; bonnet; edessa; geography; george; greek; huxley; india; king; syriac; thomas", "summary": "Thus, whether or not St Thomas ever visited one of the territories called India in Roman imperial times,48 the earliest known resting-place of his relics was Edessa; his death in an India is not necessarily a primary part of the tradition -and, more\u00ad over, as the Acts show, this India was not the India of Goundapho\u00ad ros, even if the apostle did in fact visit the realm of that king; a secondary development of the tradition is the placing of the martyr\u00ad dom in Aksumite 'India' in southern Arabia. It is certain that there was a king of the name in northwestern India at about the epoch of St Thomas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6041", "words": "4877", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Croke, Brian", "title": "Basiliscus the Boy-Emperor", "date": "1983", "keywords": "basiliscus; boy; brian; croke; emperor; greek; leo; roman; victor; zeno", "summary": "The fact that he reported it in his chronicle means that he must have trusted his source sufficiently to be convinced that the former emperor living as a cleric in the capital was indeed the original and genuine Leo II whom everyone thought had died and been buried in November 474. Under the year 475 Victor recounts a unique version of the last days of the young em\u00ad peror Leo II, the son of Zeno and Ariadne, grandson of the emperor", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6051", "words": "3380", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Duffy, John; Vikan, Gary", "title": "A Small Box in John Moschus", "date": "1983", "keywords": "box; boxes; duffy; greek; ivory; john; john moschus; moschus; pyxides; supra", "summary": "Some ivory pyxides may likewise have served as donation boxes, which may explain why so many of them show one or another scene of offering or sacrifice, whether the Adoration of the Magi,24 the Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes (nos. From the point of view of security, boxes would seem much more appropriate for gems.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6061", "words": "5540", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "van der Valk, M.", "title": "The Iliad and Its Ancient Commentators: Some Textual Notes", "date": "2011", "keywords": "commentators; der; erbse; homeric; iliad; line; mss; reading; supra; text; valk; van", "summary": "But as we have seen, this is a formular line, and the evidence of the Homeric poems suffi\u00ad ciently shows that such lines do not always entirely suit the Homeric text in which they were taken over. It is well known, however, that Aris\u00ad tarchus sometimes offered emendations in or observations on lines that he athetised.24", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6071", "words": "5361", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Brown, Christopher", "title": "Dionysus and the Women of Elis: PMG 871", "date": "2011", "keywords": "brown; burkert; christopher; death; dionysus; elis; form; greek; hero; hymn; oxford; pmg; supra; women; worship", "summary": "Jeanmaire attempted to relieve Dionysus from bearing the burden of the epithet by suggest\u00ad ing that 'hero Dionysus' referred not to the god but to a local Tjpw~ (in the Homeric sense of a warrior or prince) who acted as ritual substitute for the god.19 This suggestion, however, is difficult to reconcile with the evidence of the hymn: Dionysus' appearance in bull-form along with the Charites indicates the divinity. In the context of cult a hero was a dead man worshipped at his grave, from which he was thought to exert his influence for good or ilpo The difficulty of fitting Dionysus into this framework is obvious, xviii; H. Lloyd-Jones, Females of the Species (London 1975)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6081", "words": "4285", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Diggle, James", "title": "Notes on the Hecuba of Euripides", "date": "2011", "keywords": "diggle; euripides; greek; hecuba; james; notes; polyxena; soph; studies; xepa", "summary": "I refer to the following editions: R. Porson (ed. 2, London 1802), G. Schaefer (ed. 2, Leipzig 1803), A. Matthiae (Leipzig 1813 [text], 1821 [commentary)), G. Hermann (ed. 2, Leipzig 1831), F. H. Bothe (ed. 2, Leipzig 1837), W. Dindorf (Oxford 1839), F. A. Paley (ed. 2, London 1874), H. Weil (ed. 2, Paris 1879), W. S. Hadley (Cambridge 1894), N. Wecklein (Leipzig 1902), G. Murray (Oxford 1902), L. Meridier (Paris 1927), M. Tierney (Dublin 1946), S. G. Daitz (Leipzig 1973).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6091", "words": "3061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Tuplin, C. J.", "title": "Fathers and Sons: Ecclesiazusae 644-45", "date": "2011", "keywords": "adeimantos; athenian; ecclesiazusae; epikouros; fathers; leukolophos; paches; sons", "summary": "TUPLIN, C. J., Fathers and Sons: Ecclesiazusae 644-45 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:4 (1982:Winter) p.325 330 C. J. TUPLIN one makes of Paches' implied innocence,21 it is evident that his fate was notorious enough to become a stock exemplum.22 It must have appeared in historical sources now otherwise lost, and may well have appeared in Old Comedy,23 and I see no reason why this literary in\u00ad terest should not have reflected a popular knowledge of the affair sufficient to ensure that Epikouros Pachetos (if he existed at all) would not easily be dissociated from the sins of his father. an Epikouros Pachetos, son of the Paches Epikourou who was sent to deal with the Mytilenean revolt in 42817 (Thuc. 3.18.3 etc.).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-61", "words": "10565", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Smith, Gregory A.", "title": "The Myth of the Vaginal Soul", "date": "2004", "keywords": "body; burning; context; cux\u00e6; der; examples; ganszyniec; genitals; greek; heart; ka\u2039; life; location; magic; meaning; papyri; parts; pgm; place; soul; spell; supra; t\u00f8n; woman", "summary": "26 One could go back further still in Greek intellectual history, to Em- pedocles\u2019 cardiocentric ideas about soul and intellect, or to Pythagoras\u2019 place- ment of various soul parts in or near the heart and brain. It seems to consist in the belief that a person dragged has to be dragged by something holding on somewhere, and that a physical part of the body is a more likely handle for dragging than abstractions like \u201csoul.\u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6101", "words": "10063", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "When Did the Athenian Ecclesia Meet?", "date": "2011", "keywords": "athenian; day; days; ecclesia; equation; hansen; meet; meritt; month; pritchett; pryt; prytany; seg; xxi", "summary": "HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, When Did the Athenian Ecclesia Meet? , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:4 (1982:Winter) p.331 MOGENS HERMAN HANSEN 333 Admittedly, the people did not meet on festival days, and Mikalson has admirably demonstrated that the ecclesia was convened neither on annual nor on monthly festival days except in an emergency.6 Now in all twelve months, days 1-4 and 6-8 were festival days. We must turn to the conciliar year and ask whether the information we have about meetings held on certain days of the prytany can shed some light on the problem of when the Athenian ecc/esia met.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-611", "words": "3815", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Mastrocinque, Attilio", "title": "Late Antique Lamps with Defixiones", "date": "2007", "keywords": "anna; century; defixiones; demons; esp; fountain; hesperia; jordan; lamps; light; pagan; perenna", "summary": "A peculiar feature of these defixiones is that they were inserted into lamps. No comparative study of these defixory lamps has hitherto been undertaken; in this paper I gather a few scraps of evi- dence which may be related to the rituals performed at the fountain of Anna Perenna, though it is impossible to know precisely how the rituals concerning the defixiones and lamps were performed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6111", "words": "2519", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Moore, John D.", "title": "Diogeiton\u2019s Dioikisis: Persuasive Language in Lysias 32", "date": "2011", "keywords": "boys; diogeiton; family; house; lysias; mother", "summary": "When Diodotus went off to war, he made a will naming Diogeiton guardian of the children in the event of his death. MOORE, JOHN D., Diogeiton's Dioikisis: Persuasive Language in Lysias 32 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:4 (1982:Winter) p.351 Diogeiton's Dioikisis: Persuasive Language in Lysias 32 John D. Moore A ACCORDING TO the speech Lysias wrote for the prosecution (32), Diogeiton cheated his grandchildren on a grand scale.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6121", "words": "5563", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Rusten, Jeffrey", "title": "Dicaearchus and the Tales from Euripides", "date": "2011", "keywords": "century; dicaearchus; euripides; greek; haslam; hypotheses; jeffrey; plot; rusten; studies; supra; tales; wilamowitz; work; zuntz", "summary": "Until recently, this possibility had been mentioned only to be discarded; but Michael Haslam has now argued persuasively that the Tales should be identified with a collection of Dicaearchan hypotheses de\u00ad scribed by several ancient sources.9 Such a proposal attempts to exploit the coincidence that most citations of Dicaearchus on tragedy occur in mediaeval hypotheses, but the seven hypotheses named by Bude do not form a class at all: 0) only one of them (Ajax) shows all six of his postulated elements, and most of the rest show only two; (2) hypoth.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6131", "words": "2893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Wilson, Nigel", "title": "On the Transmission of the Greek Lexica", "date": "2011", "keywords": "byzantine; greek; lexica; manuscript; nigel; origin; studies; transmission; wilson", "summary": "[London 1977]); N. G. Wilson, Mediaeval Greek Bookhands (Cambridge 369 WILSON, NIGEL, On the Transmission of the Greek Lexica , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:4 (1982:Winter) p.369 370 THE TRANSMISSION OF THE GREEK LEXICA I deal first with a topic on which I am not qualified to pronounce an independent opinion, the decorative ornament. WILSON, NIGEL, On the Transmission of the Greek Lexica , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:4 (1982:Winter) p.369 On the Transmission of the Greek Lexica Nigel Wilson THE OBSERV A nONS that follow are inspired by the appearance of K. Alpers' Das attizistische Lexikon des Oros (Berlin 1981).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6141", "words": "7581", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Sosower, Mark L.", "title": "Marcus Musurus and a Codex of Lysias", "date": "2011", "keywords": "byzantine; codex; florence; greek; library; lysias; manuscripts; marcus; marcus musurus; mark; musurus; n.6; oratores; roman; scutariotes; sosower; strozzi; studies; supra; winter", "summary": "Most recently, Canart and Sieherl have identified the scribe of the second part with Marcus Johannou (= Marcus Musurus): Sicherl (supra n.6) 565-66, 604. SOSOWER, MARK L., Marcus Musurus and a Codex of Lysias , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:4 (1982:Winter) p.377 Marcus Musurus and a Codex of Lysias Mark L. Sosower A DOZEN MANUSCRIPTS of minor Attic orators were available to humanists associated with the Medicean court in the 1490's.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6151", "words": "4312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Bicknell, Peter J.", "title": "Herodotos 5.68 and the Racial Policy of Kleisthenes of Sikyon", "date": "1982", "keywords": "bicknell; dorian; herodotos; kleisthenes; names; non; peter; policy; sikyon; tribes", "summary": "Conceivably, and here I turn from what I regard as certainty to speculation, one should go still further and consider reversal of the new orthodox view of the Sikyonian tyranny, at least in its Kleisthenean phase, as the champion and exploiter of non-Dorian rights. There can be no doubt, certainly, that the membership of the phyle Aigialeis was in some respect non-Dorian.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6161", "words": "4649", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Cromey, Robert D.", "title": "Perikles\u2019 Wife: Chronological Calculations", "date": "1982", "keywords": "calculations; hipparete; iii; kallias; marriage; perikles; plato; plutarch; protagoras; wife", "summary": "But perhaps it is in genealogy rather than in chronology that Plato the historian may be taken more seriously, for one's general impression from Protagoras is that Plato himself thought Kallias III eldest, Perikles' sons younger, and Alkibiades III youngest in respect to one another. Xanthippos' and Paralos' ages when they wed are uncertain; but Kallias III (as Plato appears to CROMEY, ROBERT D., Perikles' Wife: Chronological Calculations , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:3 (1982:Autumn) p.203 ROBERT D. CROMEY 209 depict him) seems older than his half-brothers, a quotation ascribed to Protagoras appearing to support Plato's evaluation.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6171", "words": "4292", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Mikalson, Jon D.", "title": "The Heorte of Heortology", "date": "1982", "keywords": "harp; heortai; heorte; heortology; hesych; jon; mikalson; suda", "summary": "Although the lexicographers and the scholiasts to Aristophanes are not reliable sources for identifying heortai, it should be noted that they describe the following as Athenian heortai: Adonia (schol. In particular I wish to investigate the special character and form of religious activ\u00ad ities which the Athenians2 called heortai.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6181", "words": "5392", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Wheeler, Everett L.", "title": "Hoplomachia and Greek Dances in Arms", "date": "1982", "keywords": "arms; athenian; dance; dancing; everett; evidence; greek; hoplomachia; military; pyrrhic; studies; supra; training; wheeler; zeus", "summary": "[Rome 1979]) 40; and Fougeres, Vian, and Lacroix in nn.21-22, 28 infra. 223 WHEELER, EVERETT L., Hoplomachia and Greek Dances in Arms , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:3 (1982:Autumn) p.223 224 HOPLOMACHIA AND GREEK DANCES IN ARMS The emendation has no support in the manuscripts. WHEELER, EVERETT L., Hoplomachia and Greek Dances in Arms , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:3 (1982:Autumn) p.223 226 HOPLOMACHIA AND GREEK DANCES IN ARMS dEpf..", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6191", "words": "2932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "van der Valk, M.", "title": "Euripides Phoenissae 1-2 and Sophocles Electra 1\u2014Again", "date": "1982", "keywords": "der; electra; euripides; haslam; lines; phoenissae; play", "summary": "VALK, M. VAN DER, Euripides Phoenissae 1-2 and Sophocles Electra 1 - Again , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:3 (1982:Autumn) p.235 Euripides Phoenissae 1-2 and Sophocles Electra 1-Again M van der Valk D R HASLAM has the great merit of having called attention recently to the testimony of three papyri in which Euripides' Phoenissae begins only at line 3.1 Two papyri so present the beginning of the play. The ancients already considered that the plays of Euripides and Sophocles had lines interpolated by actors, and modern scholars have often agreed.4 As for Electra 1, Haslam observed that in four other plays of Soph\u00ad ocles, where a person is likewise addressed at the beginning, the apostrophe is always a short one.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6201", "words": "3917", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "The Athenian Ecclesia and the Meeting-Place on the Pnyx", "date": "1982", "keywords": "athenian; auditorium; citizens; ecclesia; hansen; pnyx; quorum; supra", "summary": "I3 So the explanation may be simply that Pnyx II (like Pnyx I) could accommodate only 6000 citizens who, on the other hand, were slightly more comfortably seated than previously. Pnyx II and Restricted Admission The principal literary source for the attendance at the Pnyx in the second period (ca 400-340)9 is Aristophanes' description of the wom\u00ad en's coup d'etat in Ecclesiazusae.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-621", "words": "12285", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Wilson, Nigel", "title": "Scholiasts and Commentators", "date": "2007", "keywords": "aristophanes; attic; book; century; commentaries; commentary; commentators; criticism; dionysius; fact; greek; history; homer; iliad; nigel; note; poet; scholarship; scholia; scholiast; text; wilson; word; work", "summary": "The history of scholia goes back to the time when explana- tions of literary texts first became necessary, in other words the classical age of Greece, when schoolmasters found that pupils required some explanation of rare words and other difficulties in Homer and the lyric poets, the basic texts of a literary educa- tion. But perhaps we should be wary of assuming that the fortunes of literary texts are a safe guide to the history of these developments.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6211", "words": "11444", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Renehan, R.", "title": "Aristotle as Lyric Poet: The Hermias Poem", "date": "1982", "keywords": "apeta; ariphron; aristotle; autumn; bowra; form; greek; hermias; hermias poem; hymn; jaeger; kat; lyric; meaning; p.251; plato; poem; poet; renehan; sense; studies; tov; verses; virtue; wilamowitz; word; yap", "summary": "As a consequence, a certain Demo\u00ad philus brought a formal charge against Aristotle on the grounds that it was impious to sing a paean in honor of a man, since paeans were a class of poems reserved for deities.6 Athenaeus, or rather his source Hermippus, appealing to lines 15-16, countered that Hermias is re\u00ad garded as dead, and argued that the poem is therefore a skolion, not a paean. RENEHAN, R., Aristotle as Lyric Poet: The Hermias Poem , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:3 (1982:Autumn) p.251 Aristotle as Lyric Poet: The Hermias Poem R. Renehan H ERMIAS, TYRANT OF AT ARNEUS, companion of Platonists, fa\u00ad ther-in-Iaw of Aristotle, must have been an exceptional fig\u00ad ure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6221", "words": "2032", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Bowersock, G. W.", "title": "Plutarch and the Sublime Hymn of Ofellius Laetus", "date": "1982", "keywords": "hymn; laetus; macedo; ofellius; plutarch", "summary": "BOWERSOCK, G. W., Plutarch and the Sublime Hymn of Ofellius Laetus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:3 (1982:Autumn) p.275 Plutarch and the Sublime Hymn of Of ell ius Laetus G. W. Bowersock JOHANNES NOLLE has recently published the full text of an in\u00ad scription from the Street of Domitian in Ephesus. The implication is that Laetus was some kind of contemporary wit\u00ad ness, therefore of just the period to which Ofellius Laetus has lately been assigned.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6231", "words": "3456", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "Alexander\u2019s House (Pausanias 8.32.1)", "date": "1982", "keywords": "alexander; ammon; calder; cave; euripides; greek; house; iii; megalopolis; pausanias; plato; slater; studies; william", "summary": "CALDER, WILLIAM M., III, Alexander's House (Pausanias 8.32.1) , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:3 (1982:Autumn) p.281 Alexander's House (Pausanias 8.32.1) I may add that Rocha-Pereira's apparatus throughout is inadequate for close work on Pausanias. 3", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6241", "words": "4907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Wirshbo, Eliot", "title": "The Mekone Scene in the Theogony: Prometheus as Prankster", "date": "1982", "keywords": "eliot; gods; greek; hesiod; mekone; mekone scene; men; prometheus; scene; supra; theogony; west; wirshbo; zeus", "summary": "The implication of this comparative evidence is that in Hesiod's Theogony Prometheus is not at all the culture-hero he is to become in Prometheus Bound.25 For our immediate purpose, to explain how T~ 20 Der demiurgische Trickster und die Religionsethnologie and Prometheus, der titanische Trickster, Paideuma 7 (961) 335-44,414-37. E. Schwartz seems to have first suggested this, Prometheus bei Hesiod, SitzBerfin 1915, 143 (Gesammelte Schr{ften II", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6251", "words": "4819", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Miller, Andrew M.", "title": "Phthonos and Parphasis: The Argument of Nemean 8.19-34", "date": "1982", "keywords": "ajax; andrew; argument; greek; miller; nemean; parphasis; phthonos; pindar; poet; studies; summer; supra", "summary": "According to A. KOHNKEN, Die Funktion des Mythos bei Pindar (Berlin/New York 1971: hereafter 'Kohnken') 30-33, lines 19-21 (through a.7Ta KI.1I8vII0) are an en\u00ad tirely self-contained variant of the 'EVPllc:TtE7T-rj,,-Motif', in which the poet summons up the energy and courage required for the production of a new song (thus IlEapa=jedes neue Lied), and the 8E of line 21, far from signaling any connection with what pre\u00ad cedes, announces the introduction of a completely independent thought (Neider ergotzen sich an missgUnstigen Worten), in which the 'envy' at issue is that evoked in others by the athlete's success and the 'words' in which the envious take greedy delight are their own malicious attacks on his character and achievement. MILLER, ANDREW M., Phthonos and Parphasis: The Argument of Nemean 8.19-34 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:2 (1982:Summer) p.111 Phthonos and Parphasis: The Argument of Nemean 8.19-34 Andrew M Miller I N THE SECOND TRIAD of Pindar's Eighth Nemean Ode, composed to celebrate a victory in the double-stade race won by Deinis of Aegina, the poet announces a rhetorical pause 09-22): ., ~, A..~ , , upra,.at", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6261", "words": "4312", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Carson, Anne", "title": "Wedding at Noon in Pindar\u2019s Ninth Pythian", "date": "1982", "keywords": "anne; bride; greek; kyrene; marriage; noon; pindar; poem; pythian; supra; telesikrates; victory; wedding", "summary": "365. CARSON, ANNE, Wedding at Noon in Pindar's Ninth Pythian , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:2 (1982:Summer) p.121 ANNE CARSON 125 note of this image of blooming that links athlete and bride. Implicit in the meta\u00ad phor of plants and blooming, explicit in the conditions of a race, the time-factor is at the heart of Pindar's analogy between brides and victors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6271", "words": "9045", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Gagarin, Michael", "title": "The Organization of the Gortyn Law Code", "date": "1982", "keywords": "asyndeton; code; gap; gaps; gortyn; law; law code; laws; organization; provisions; section", "summary": "They still adhered closely to the wording of the original laws and only rarely did they alter groups of provisions to make them more systematic or orderly, though they did bring amendments together with earlier provisions into large sections and made an effort to assemble together related sections. IV 43) is particularly interesting for its organization of separate provisions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6281", "words": "4947", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Boegehold, Alan L.", "title": "A Dissent at Athens ca 424-421 B.C.", "date": "1982", "keywords": "alan; athenians; athens; b.c; boegehold; dissent; euripides; greek; nikias; ponos; thucydides; toil; war", "summary": "'Toil' can denote war (hardship and horrors), or battle (a glorious thing), and so 1TOVOS can be the ostensible point at issue in any speech-no matter whether for or against-where the subject is really war. The debate is similar to one that can be supposed to have taken place at Athens ca 424-421 B.C. , 7TOO~ Most Greeks knew, or at least had heard, that ponos (pain, trou\u00ad ble, toil) was the price of greatness.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6291", "words": "2980", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Wilson, Nigel", "title": "Two Observations on Aristophanes\u2019 Lysistrata", "date": "1982", "keywords": "aristophanes; audience; greek; lysistrata; nigel; observations; wilson", "summary": "Their reasons can be summed up as follows: Lysistrata's part is played by a man, it is played before an audience consisting 1 G. Murray, Aristophanes, a Study (Oxford 1933) 178; 1. The Reference to Lines 115-16 in Plato's Symposium Modern editors of Aristophanes do not seem to have noticed, or perhaps have not thought it worth recording, that the amusing exag\u00ad geration uttered by one of Lysistrata's companions at lines 115-16 has an important analogy in Plato's Symposium (191D).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6301", "words": "6345", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Anderson, William S.", "title": "Euripides\u2019 Auge and Menander\u2019s Epitrepontes", "date": "1982", "keywords": "anderson; auge; epitrepontes; euripides; heracles; lines; menander; moses; strabo; wilamowitz; william", "summary": "Dos Schiedsgerichr (Berlin 1925) 170: In ihr [i.e., Auge] war auch ein Miidchen an einem Nachtfest vergewaltigt, ihr Kind war zwar nicht von ihr, sondern ihrem Vater ausgesetzt ... , und Herakles, der das Kind fand, erkannte sich als Vater durch den Ring, den er der Auge, sie dem Kinde mitgegeben hatte. Strabo implies that she entered ex machina in Auge, too, to provide an explanation for Aleus and to assure the audience that the gods had after all intervened on behalf of innocent Auge.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-631", "words": "10689", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Zarecki, Jonathan P.", "title": "Pandora and the Good Eris in Hesiod", "date": "2007", "keywords": "author; days; eris; evil; good; good eris; hesiod; homeric; jar; labor; man; men; myth; opera; pandora; text; theog; theogonia; west; works; zeus; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u1f04\u03c1\u03b1", "summary": "But the Good Eris only appears in conjunction with the creation of Pandora. Others have seen nothing in the texts to indicate misogyny; the most intriguing arguments and summary of the scholarship are in A. Casanova, La famiglia di Pandora: analisi filologica dei miti di Pandora e", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6311", "words": "2802", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Demand, Nancy", "title": "Plato, Aristophanes, and the Speeches of Pythagoras", "date": "1982", "keywords": "aristophanes; ideas; plato; pythagoras; republic; socrates; speeches; supra; women", "summary": "Nevertheless, someone in Ath\u00ad ens was expressing Pythagorean ideas around 424, or Aristophanes would not have had them to mingle into his portrait of Socrates-can we reasonably assume that Socrates stayed entirely aloof from them, that he was unfairly portrayed as contaminated by these Pythagorean ideas by Aristophanes, and that Plato much later invented another Pythagoreanizing Socrates for his own purposes, knowing full well that the real Socrates had scrupulously avoided these ideas? On the other hand, those who give Speeches priority and believe that Aristophanes refers to it include Rostagni 55-56 and de Vogel (supra n.2) 143.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6321", "words": "1889", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "MacCoull, Leslie S. B.", "title": "The Coptic Cambyses Narrative Reconsidered", "date": "1982", "keywords": "cambyses; coptic; greek; leslie; narrative", "summary": "MACCOULL, LESLIE S. B., The Coptic Cambyses Narrative Reconsidered , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:2 (1982:Summer) p.185 LESLIE S. B. MACCOULL 187 antine relations with the Merovingians in the late sixth and early seventh centuries had been warmly complex since Justin II's truce with Sigibert of Austrasia (A.D. 571-3: see Dolger, Regesten I no. 24). MACCOULL, LESLIE S. B., The Coptic Cambyses Narrative Reconsidered , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:2 (1982:Summer) p.185 The Coptic Cambyses Narrative Reconsidered Leslie S. B. MacCoull A PART FROM A FEW individual encounters with particular philo\u00ad logical problems,l no serious attempt at reevaluation of the text known as the 'Coptic Cambyses romance' ('narrative' would be a preferable term) has been made in more than thirty years.2 Re\u00ad search in late antique social history has made scholars more aware of the communal, and especially historiographical, ambiguities of the non-Chalcedonian Eastern Mediterranean in what are viewed as the troubled years of Justinian's successors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6331", "words": "4870", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Race, William H.", "title": "Aspects of Rhetoric and Form in Greek Hymns", "date": "1982", "keywords": "apollo; apx; aspects; form; god; greek; hymn; hymnist; kat; pleasure; race; rhetoric; song; william", "summary": "HIS ARTICLE will explore certain formal and rhetorical features in the corpus of Greek hymns-in both poetry and prose. I focus on three aspects of Greek hymns which make rhetorical demands on the hymnist and which demonstrate the continuity of the entire tradition.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6341", "words": "7768", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Mosshammer, Alden A.", "title": "The Date of the First Pythiad\u2014Again", "date": "1982", "keywords": "alden; date; festival; greek; kat; miller; mosshammer; olympiad; olympic; pausanias; pythiad; victory; war; year", "summary": "Even Dio\u00ad dorus dates by Olympiads only in Olympic years, so that the word retains its original force. MOSSHAMMER, ALDEN A., The Date of the First Pythiad - Again , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:1 (1982:Spring) p.15 The Date of the First Pythiad-Again Alden A. Mosshammer M OST HISTORIANS have long agreed that the first in the regular series of Pythian festivals celebrated every four years at Del\u00ad phi took place in 58211.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6351", "words": "9985", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kovacs, David", "title": "Tyrants and Demagogues in Tragic Interpolation", "date": "1982", "keywords": "argument; david; demagogues; euripides; greek; hippolytus; interpolation; kovacs; lines; means; mss; p.31; passage; power; second; sense; spring; studies; tyrants; view; word", "summary": "Before proceeding to these, however, I will briefly examine several other passages previously diagnosed as interpolations, passages which share a subject-matter with those I will come to later. The present study examines a number of passages in Euripides, all but one hitherto unsuspected, where lexical, grammatical, and stylis\u00ad tic regularities are violated and which, I argue, adversely affect the logic of the context in which they stand.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6361", "words": "2959", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Castner, Catherine J.", "title": "Epicurean Hetairai As Dedicants to Healing Divinities?", "date": "1982", "keywords": "castner; catherine; dedicants; epicurean; epicurus; healing; hetairai; school; women", "summary": "In addition, to judge from the extant fragments, Epicurus was fond of the comparison of spiritual trouble to physical sickness, and of philosophy to medicine.14 Several fragments testify to the sever\u00ad ity of Epicurus' final illness; nowhere do we find approving or critical mention of healing cults, although during an illness he is said to have discussed philosophy and declined to entrust himself to the customary insolence of physicians (259). The frequency and in\u00ad tensity of his own illnesses do not seem to have led Epicurus to con\u00ad done healing cults or even the 'scientific' medicine of the physicians.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6371", "words": "10324", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Croke, Brian", "title": "The Date of the \u2018Anastasian Long Wall\u2019 in Thrace", "date": "1982", "keywords": "anastasian; anastasian long; brian; century; chersonese; constantinople; croke; date; greek; long; long wall; procopius; roman; spring; studies; supra; thrace; wall; zeno", "summary": "CROKE, BRIAN, The Date of the 'Anastasian Long Wall' in Thrace , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:1 (1982:Spring) p.59 The Date of the 'Anastasian Long Wall' in Thrace Brian Croke T HE PANEGYRIC of Procopius of Caesarea on the building activi\u00ad ties of the emperor Justinian has had a powerful and lasting impact, doubtless far greater than its author ever anticipated. The preoccupation with Persia led to the neglect of the Balkans, and so it appears that by 626 the Anastasian Long Wall was more or less abandoned and the Avars were able to bring their army and all their heavy machinery to the walls of Constantinople without any hindrance.48", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6381", "words": "7001", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Epstein, Ann Wharton", "title": "The Rebuilding and Redecoration of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople: A Reconsideration", "date": "1982", "keywords": "ann; apostles; byzantine; century; church; constantinople; epstein; greek; holy; krautheimer; nikolaos; rebuilding; reconsideration; redecoration; spring; studies; wharton; wharton epstein", "summary": "Manuscript illumination, affiliated Apostles churches, and ekphrases do not, then, provide enough evidence to warrant the postulation of extensive reconstruction of the Holy Apostles in the second half of the tenth century. The conclusion that the figural cycle of the Holy Apostles as de\u00ad scribed by Nikolaos Mesarites is essentially that which was already in place in the late ninth century has a significant impact on our per\u00ad ception of the development of Middle Byzantine church decoration.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6391", "words": "1409", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Keany, John J.", "title": "John Lascaris and Harpocration", "date": "1982", "keywords": "harpocration; john; lascaris; laur", "summary": "KEANEY, JOHN J., John Lascaris and Harpocration , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 23:1 (1982:Spring) p.93 John Lascaris and Harpocration John J. Keaney I N 1491 AND 1492, Lascaris made two} trips to Greece to acquire manuscripts for Lorenzo de' Medici. It is thus tempting to guess that the MS. was acquired by Lascaris there.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6401", "words": "6640", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Devine, A. M.; Stephens, Laurence", "title": "Bridges in the Iambographers", "date": "1981", "keywords": "a.s.s; bridge; iambographers; lexical; non; structure; test; tragedy; type; word", "summary": "Lexical word of more than two syllables ending in long 3rd anceps followed by lexical word (type eparrrr,v npaYJ.,la.:rwv, Ar. Nub. 1459). DEVINE, A. M., Bridges in the Iambographers , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:4 (1981:Winter) p.305 A. M. DEVINE AND LAURENCE D. STEPHENS 307 in general, less constrained than lexical words at a number of the bridges to be examined in this paper.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-641", "words": "5755", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Dmitriev, Sviatoslav", "title": "The Last Marriage and the Death of Lysimachus", "date": "2007", "keywords": "agathocles; amastris; arsinoe; court; death; e.g.; geschichte; lysandra; lysimachus; marriage; ptolemy", "summary": "Prol. 17, Lysimachus occiso filio Agathocle per novercam Arsino\u00ebn bellum cum rege Seleuco habuit. HE DOWNFALL AND DEATH of Lysimachus (ca.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6411", "words": "2010", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Andersen, Oivind", "title": "A Note on the \u2018Mortality\u2019 of Gods in Homer", "date": "1981", "keywords": "ares; gods; homer; homeric; iliad; mortality", "summary": "The lesson to be learnt is not one about newer gods as opposed to earlier ones, but about gods as opposed to men. In short, Homer's picture of the divine existence does not make absurd the idea that gods may ultimately die, as is said to be the case with Ares at II. 5.388-91:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6421", "words": "2128", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "O'Sullivan, James N.", "title": "Asius and the Samians\u2019 Hairstyle", "date": "1981", "keywords": "asius; bowra; hair; hairstyle; james; kai; samians; text", "summary": "The inclusion of both 'brooches' and 'top\u00ad knots' seems to be an impossible attempt to combine Bowra's interpretation of KopvliPaz with the older view; a word denot\u00ad ing hair for avrwv is, as the text stands, impossible, and in any case 'topknots' cannot be right: it is clear from verse 5 and from the words that introduce the Asius fragment in Athenaeus/Duris (KareKreVU7/1evOl rae; KO/1ae; erri ro /1er(uppeVOV Kai roue; Wf.1 0 ve; ) that the Samians' hair was not done up in topknots. But his attachment of KOPVJ.LPaz to dress, which ignores the con\u00ad stant association of riTTl~ with hair and with KPWPVAOC; and KO\u00ad PVJ.LPOC; in contexts in which hairstyle is in question,8 is far from secure.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6431", "words": "1713", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Sutton, Dana Ferrin", "title": "Aeschylus\u2019 Theoroi or Isthmiastai: A Reconsideration", "date": "1981", "keywords": "aeschylus; games; p.oxy; play; satyrs; theoroi", "summary": "No less than three satyr plays by Aeschylus are now represented by significant papyrus fragments: Dictyulci, Theoroi or Isthmiastae, and a play of unknown title and subject in which Dike plays a prominent role. In a recent discussion of Theoroi Viktor Steffen has written: 12 Certum tamen est fabulam in Isthmo ad Neptuni aedes actam esse.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6441", "words": "2079", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Harvey, F. D.", "title": "Nubes 1493ff: Was Socrates Murdered?", "date": "1981", "keywords": "dover; kopff; nubes; socrates; strepsiades", "summary": "L1iWK8 is most naturally taken as an order by Strepsiades to his slave to chase Socrates and his companions. I (Dover) 9, III 27, IV 8. 339 HARVEY, F. D., Nubes 1493ff: Was Socrates Murdered? ,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6451", "words": "12202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Initiative and Decision: The Separation of Powers in Fourth-Century Athens", "date": "1981", "keywords": "aeschin; archai; ath.pol; athenian; athens; boule; century; century athens; decision; dem; ecclesia; greek; hansen; herman; initiative; kai; law; mogens; nomothetai; p.345; powers; separation; studies; supra; winter", "summary": "Admittedly discussions of the boule regularly begin with the statement that the councillors were-strictly speaking-offi\u00ad cers of state and subject to the same rules of appointment etc. as other archai. Furthermore, the bouleutai had to be thirty years of age or more, like other archai.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6461", "words": "5684", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Renehan, R.", "title": "Some Passages in Plato", "date": "1981", "keywords": "eraipe; greek; kai; noaaaxov; p.371; passages; plato; renehan; roie; role; rov; studies; text; winter; yap", "summary": "Kai rOle; aAAOle; has bothered many; consequently Kai rwv aA\u00ad AWV was printed in the Aldine edition and Badham proposed Kdv rolc; aAAOle;. Kai rov 'Epvc}J1,axov, 'DyaBi, rpaVal, [.itpl(JrorpaVeC;,] opa rl 1tOleiC; .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6471", "words": "4062", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Rabel, Robert J.", "title": "Diseases of Soul in Stoic Psychology", "date": "1981", "keywords": "aristotle; cicero; diseases; hexeis; iii; passions; pathe; pathos; psychology; robert; soul; stoics; svf", "summary": "Yet two contradictory ac\u00ad counts of psychic disease are presented. In his own major work on the passions of the soul Galen says little about psychic disease, remarking only at one point that anger (rov OV}lov) is a disease (wJu'l,ua) of the soul: cf Anim.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6481", "words": "4407", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Wilson, Nigel", "title": "Miscellanea Palaeographica", "date": "1981", "keywords": "century; folio; greek; hand; manuscript; miscellanea; nigel; numerals; palaeographica; planudes; scribe; wilson", "summary": "It is worth while considering whether the Byzantines had any awareness of or any part in transmitting to the West one of the most significant Oriental contributions, the use of Arabic numerals. The received view of the history of Arabic numerals in Byzantium may be summed up as follows.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6491", "words": "6244", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Fuqua, Charles", "title": "Tyrtaeus and the Cult of Heroes", "date": "1981", "keywords": "autumn; charles; cult; death; epic; fuqua; greek; heroes; n.2; p.215; poem; poetry; state; studies; supra; tyrtaeus", "summary": "To understand how this may be the case, and how Tyrtaeus combined this appeal with his adaptation of the argument based on the prospect of glory, it is appropriate to consider some basic characteristics of hero cults. Shey, Tyrtaeus and the Art of Propaganda, Arethusa 9 (1976) 5-28; T. A. Tarkow, Tyrtaeus 9D: The Role of Poetry in the New Sparta, forthcoming in Antel.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6501", "words": "9303", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Leopold, John W.", "title": "Demosthenes on Distrust of Tyrants", "date": "1981", "keywords": "argument; audience; demosthenes; distrust; greek; john; leopold; passage; philip; philippic; policy; speech; studies; tyrants; war", "summary": "As is his habit in introducing an intri\u00ad cate and abstract argument, he begins by posing a paradox which commands the attention of his audience by its very outrageous\u00ad ness. That Demosthenes knew of such arguments from the Persian War era is proven by a passage in the Third Philippic (38), where distrust towards tyrants and barbarians is one of the statesman\u00ad like qualities attributed to the orators and generals who overcame the wealth and power of Persia.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-651", "words": "10855", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "48", "author": "Gwynn, David M.", "title": "From Iconoclasm to Arianism: The Construction of Christian Tradition in the Iconoclast Controversy", "date": "2007", "keywords": "arian; arianism; athanasius; century; christ; constantine; council; eusebius; father; iconoclasm; iconophile; letter; nicaea; nikephorus; photius; polemic; son; writings", "summary": "According to Sch\u00f6nborn, Eusebius\u2019 letter offered \u201ca christological argumentation against any de- piction of Christ \u2026 No wonder, then, that Eusebius\u2019 letter became the principal testimony for the accusers of icon devotion, and that Patriarch Nikephorus, in his defense of icon devotion, dedicated an entire book to refute Eusebius\u201d (58). DAVID M. GWYNN 227 forward in support of their claim that the early Church did not venerate icons a letter written by Eusebius of Caesarea to Con- stantia, the half-sister of Constantine, denying her request that the bishop send to her an image of Christ.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6511", "words": "4490", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "McNamee, Kathleen", "title": "Aristarchus and \u2018Everyman\u2019s\u2019 Homer", "date": "1981", "keywords": "a.d; aristarchus; cent; homer; p.oxy; pack2; papyri; sigla", "summary": "It is possIble, for example, that some sigla were added only for the sake of appearance, because the book owner fancied him\u00ad self one of the cognoscenti familiar with Aristarchus' work, or because Aristarchan texts were fashionable in certain circles.13 In deluxe editions like P.Hawara especially we might suspect this motive, in part because it may explain how so many Aristarchan sigla came to be carelessly misplaced in papyri.14 Scribal negligence is not unusual even in carefully written texts; but it arouses suspi\u00ad cion when slips occur in the recording of signs that conveyed the opinions of an exacting textual critic like Aristarchus. The latter, being a full-scale commentary, is naturally more expansive than marginal notes and sigla; it is also remarkable among papyrus hypomnemata on the Iliad for its testimony to Aristarchus' learning.s", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6521", "words": "4999", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Wallach, Barbara Price", "title": "Ps.-Hermogenes and the Characterizing Oath", "date": "1981", "keywords": "barbara; characterizing; demosthenes; ethikos; ethos; greek; kai; methodou; oath; peri; price; ps.-hermogenes; studies; telemachus; wallach", "summary": "Thus although Socrates' oath may be ethikos in its char\u00ad acterization of the speaker, it still fails to meet the criteria set up by Hermogenes in his discussion of oaths. PRICE WALLACH, BARBARA, Ps.-Hermogenes and the Characterizing Oath , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:3 (1981:Autumn) p.257 Ps.-Hermogenes and the Characterizing Oath Barbara Price Wallach I N HIS Rhetorica Aristotle includes oaths among the 'inartificial' kinds of proof and gives examples of arguments for four sets of circumstances.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6531", "words": "6116", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Phillips, John F.", "title": "The Universe as Prophet: A Soteriological Formula in Plotinus", "date": "1981", "keywords": "contemplation; cosmos; formula; gnostics; god; john; man; phillips; plotinus; prophet; revelation; soul; universe; world", "summary": "In Gnostic terms redemption can come from sudden recog\u00ad nition by virtue of the spoken word, whereas for Plotinus man must first contemplate the heavens before overcoming his cor\u00ad poreal bonds. The answer must lie in Gnosticism's deprecation of the visible universe and the 'lesser gods', against which Plotinus ex\u00ad pressly argues in 2.9.9.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6541", "words": "1468", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Richardson, N. J.; Burian, Peter", "title": "The Epigram of Apollonius of Tyana", "date": "1981", "keywords": "apollonius; epigram; jones; tyana", "summary": "Although with this reading the epigram lacks the formal balance noted by Jones, in which the first couplet describing Apollonius' activity on earth is matched by the second describing his activity 3 A parallel from a later legend of Apollonius is offered by J. Tzetzes, Exegesis in Iliadem p.93.3 Hermann. With Jones's reading one must either ignore the distinction and regard both terms as generally descriptive of Apollonius' good works, or accept the awkwardness of a heavy division between Apollonius' moral im\u00ad provements while on earth and his expelling of men's pains when in heaven.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6551", "words": "6572", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Philippides, Marios", "title": "The Fall of Constantinople: Bishop Leonard and the Greek Accounts", "date": "1981", "keywords": "accounts; anonymous; author; bishop; bishop leonard; chronicle; constantinople; fall; greek; iii; kai; latin; leonard; letter; maius; marios; melissenos; philippides; siege; studies; supra; text", "summary": "During his stay in Constantinople Melissenos must have heard tales that were in circulation about the siege of 1453; some he may have incorporated in his elaboration of Sphrantzes' Minus. PHILIPPIDES, MARIOS, The Fall of Constantinople: Bishop Leonard and the Greek Accounts , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:3 (1981:Autumn) p.287 FOR GEORGE T. ZORAS", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6561", "words": "3055", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kilinski II, Karl; Dull, Clifford J.", "title": "An Archaic Inscribed Vase Fragment from Haliartus, Boeotia", "date": "1981", "keywords": "boeotian; form; fragment; haliartus; handle; kilinski; letter; vase", "summary": "Generally speaking, when letters are dim or in doubt, the difficulty is in discerning which strokes are caused by flaking and which by the inscriber. That is the case here and even more in respect to the omicron (?) and surrounding letters in the next line.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6571", "words": "2988", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Race, William H.", "title": "Pindar\u2019s \u201cBest Is water\u201d: Best of What?", "date": "1981", "keywords": "elements; passage; pindar; priamel; race; song; water; william", "summary": "The other main line of interpretation, which does not derive from the scholia6 but is followed by many recent commentators and translators, adds the genitive mivTwv, as in C. M. Bowra's Water is the best thing of all, R. Lattimore's Best of all things is water, and G. S. Conway's Best blessing of all is water.' RACE, WILLIAM H., Pindar's Best is water: Best of What? ,", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6581", "words": "3947", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Rhodes, P. J.", "title": "Notes on Voting in Athens", "date": "1981", "keywords": "assembly; athens; ballot; hands; tribe; votes; voting", "summary": "Hansen prefers to think that the Athenians followed the same practice as the Swiss Landsgemeinden: that all the candidates for one tribe's place would be named, first votes would be invited for each can\u00ad didate in turn, then the least popular in the first vote would be eliminated and votes would be invited for each of the remainder in 32 E.g., Staveley (supra n.17) 179-81. 21 Meiggs/Lewis 86.13-16 (IG P 104), restored from law apud [Dem.143.57. RHODES, P. J., Notes on Voting in Athens , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:2 (1981:Summer) p.125 P. J. RHODES 129 at their decisions by majority vote, and I should guess that from the time of Draco they voted by ballot: the Areopagus is repre\u00ad sented as using ballots in Aeschylus' Eumenides.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6591", "words": "7220", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Hill, Forbes", "title": "The Amorality of Aristotle\u2019s Rhetoric", "date": "1981", "keywords": "amorality; arguments; aristotle; art; forbes; gorgias; greek; hill; kai; p.133; rhetoric; studies; subject; summer", "summary": "Whitney J. Oates, Aristotle and the Problem of Value (Princeton 1963) 335, states that ambivalence about questions of value is the most striking characteristic of the Rhetoric. Among those taking the view that the whole shows moral commitment are: W. Rhys Roberts, Notes on Aristotle's Rhetoric, AJP 45 (1924) 351-61 (Aristotle's object is to show how truth and justice may be aided by the effective use of public speech); Charles Sears Baldwin, Ancient Rhetoric and Poetic (New York 1924) 9 (rhetoric like logic is a means of bringing out truth, of making people see what is true and fitting); Henry W. Johnstone, The Relevance of Rhetoric to Philosophy and of Philosophy to Rhetoric, QuartJourSpeech 52 (1966) 43-55.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6601", "words": "5760", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Carney, Elizabeth", "title": "The Death of Clitus", "date": "1981", "keywords": "alexander; berve; carney; clitus; curtius; death; elizabeth; greek; king; son; supra", "summary": "THE END of a long drunken quarrel, Alexander, king of Macedonia, murdered Clitus, co-commander of the aristo\u00ad cratic Companion cavalry. Clitus, son of Dropidas, was the brother of Lanice, Alexander's be\u00ad loved nurse (Arr. 4.9.3; Curt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-661", "words": "4942", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Marston, John M.", "title": "Language of Ritual Cursing in the Binding of Prometheus", "date": "2007", "keywords": "binding; century; curse; greek; hephaistos; kratos; language; prometheus; ritual; spell; zeus", "summary": "This paper examines the relationship between the language and imagery of these literary accounts of Prometheus\u2019 binding and the epigraphic evidence of Greek magic, and suggests that the binding of Prometheus might have been interpreted as both physical and magical by the fifth-century Athenian audience of Prometheus Bound. The account of the binding of Prometheus in Prometheus Bound contains multiple clues suggesting to the audience aspects of a magical ritual.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6611", "words": "2548", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Stern, Jacob", "title": "Herodas\u2019 Mimiamb 1", "date": "1981", "keywords": "cunningham; groeneboom; headlam; herodas; mandris; metriche; mimiamb; stern", "summary": "Six times in the course of the dialogue the interlocutors swear oaths: twice (11, 66) by the Moirai, whom Rose has argued we are to understand in this context as goddesses of fertility;2 twice (69, 86) by the goddess Demeter; once (85) by Jla, probably the Mother of the gods;3 and once (32) by T~V ':4I~BW KovP1Jv, taken most natu- 1 Opinions vary: J. A. NAIRN, The Mimes of Herodas (Oxford 1904) 1, and P. GROENE\u00ad BOOM, Les Mimiambes d'Herodas I-VI (Groningen 1922) 35, for example, assert that Metriche is wife; on the other hand, I. C. CUNNINGHAM, Herodas Mimiambi (Oxford 1971) 57, repeating a view stated in CR N.S. 15 (1965) 7 n.l, argues that she is probably a iTaipa. Metriche, sitting in her home, is visited by her old friend Gyllis; Mandris, the lover or perhaps the husband of Metriche, l has been gone for the past ten months in Egypt.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6621", "words": "5660", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Jacobson, Howard", "title": "Two Studies on Ezekiel the Tragedian", "date": "1981", "keywords": "evidence; exagoge; ezekiel; greek; howard; jacobson; moses; p.167; play; stage; studies; summer; supra; theatre; tragedian", "summary": "45 Here I wish to remark further parallels and to discuss why the OC may have made a significant impression on Ezekiel. The phrase UBAfov ~vapii.v occurs at OC 1245 shortly after Sophocles describes a man beset by troubles as smitten by waves; Ezekiel writes fjAIOC; ~vapafc; npoaijv (217) shortly before reporting the drowning of the Egyptians.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6631", "words": "3257", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Cameron, Alan", "title": "Notes on the Erotic Art of Rufinus", "date": "1981", "keywords": "alan; art; cameron; eurotas; girl; greek; notes; page; philip; poem; rufinus", "summary": "CAMERON, ALAN, Notes on the Erotic Art of Rufinus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:2 (1981:Summer) p.179 Notes on the Erotic Art of Rufinus Alan Cameron I. Evpwrar:; F IRST A POEM which has been quite heroically misunderstood, Rufinus XXI (Anth. (2) 7rap8ivoc; in 1, while not necessarily certifying her virgo intacta, 1 D. L. Page, The Epigrams of Rufinus (Cambridge 1978) 92.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6641", "words": "1367", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Barnes, T. D.; Vander Spoel, J.", "title": "Julian and Themistius", "date": "1981", "keywords": "caesar; julian; letter; themistius", "summary": "Seeck was surely close to the truth when he characterized the letter of Themistius which Julian answers as a protrepticus to the new Caesar.4 Themistius was an avowed pagan, to whom comparisons of Julian to Heracles and Dionysus came naturally: the significant aspect of the comparison may not be that Themistius mentioned pagan gods, but that he compared Julian not to Zeus, the supreme deity, but rather to two gods who playa subordinate role in the traditional pantheon.s Various features of Julian's letter also point to an early date for its composition. BARNES, T. D., Julian and Themistius , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:2 (1981:Summer) p.187 Julian and Themistius T. D. Barnes and].", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6651", "words": "9335", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Gorecki, Danuta M.", "title": "Land Tenure in Byzantine Property Law: iura in re aliena", "date": "1981", "keywords": "aliena; art; byzantine; community; danuta; farmer; farmer community; gorecki; iura; land; land tenure; law; owner; property; property law; roman; state; taxation; taxes; treatise", "summary": "By confirming the individual ownership of farmers' shares, it definitely excluded the first alternative (posses\u00ad sion only), which was based on the assumption of communal ownership of community land. Zacharia von Lingenthal, who viewed the community as a body of independent farmers resembling both the old Roman commune vici and the Slavic obshchina, took the arti\u00ad cles as evidence of collective liability of a Byzantine farmer com\u00ad munity for land taxes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6661", "words": "1819", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Frazer, R. M.", "title": "Hesiod\u2019s Titanomachy as an Illustration of Zielinski\u2019s Law", "date": "1981", "keywords": "battle; hesiod; law; titanomachy; zielinski", "summary": "He does, however, as Zielinski noted, have references to events occurring before the action of his poems and recapitulations of earlier events within his poems, but these are presented parenthetically or put into the mouths of his char\u00ad acters and so do not affect the forward movement of the narrative. 3 J. A.. Notopoulos, Parataxis in Homer: A New Approach to Homeric Literary Criti\u00ad cism, TAPA 80 (1949) 1-23, and Continuity and Interconnection in Homeric Oral Composition, TAPA 82 (1951) 81-101. 5 FRAZER, R. M., Hesiod's Titanomachy as an Illustration of Zielinski's Law , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:1 (1981:Spring) p.5 6 HESIOD'S TITANOMACHY AND ZIELINSKI'S LAW cently paid so little attention to Zielinski's law, but this omission has now been repaired by Krischer.4 Krischer explains Zielinski's law in terms of the poet's ability to handle a great mass of material by what he calls the cataloguing style: a narrative is divided into different simultaneous events which are separately told to their conclusions one at a time.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6671", "words": "9435", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "The Prosecution of Homicide in Athens: A Reply", "date": "1981", "keywords": "aeschines; apagoge; athens; avrorpwpcp; demosthenes; dike; gagarin; greek; hansen; herman; homicide; kai; kakourgoi; law; lys; mogens; mogens herman; phonou; procedure; prosecution; relatives; reply; rwv; spring; studies; term; trial", "summary": "Kai vOf-lOV eI(JrjveYKev, eI f-liv ne; f-le()' ~f-lipav vnep nBvrrj\u00ad Kovra ~paXf.1,ae;; KUnrol, anaywyr}v npoe;; rove; \u20acV&K' eiVat, d M rle; vVKrwp onouv KUnrol, rovrov e~eivat Kai anoKreiVat Kai rpw(Jat b,wKovra Kai anayaYBiv roie; \u20acv&Ka, d To exclude rpav/la from a general account of homicide law is in my opinion to give only a partial and consequently distorted picture of the Athe- 9 The only thorough discussion of JIOj1Vva()m and JIQ)j1oaia as technical terms in law is Lipsius (supra n.S) 832 n.12.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6681", "words": "3926", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Kelly, D. H.", "title": "Thucydides and Herodotus on the Pitanate Lochos", "date": "1981", "keywords": "amompharetus; greek; herodotus; hippeis; lochos; pitanate; sparta; thucydides", "summary": "WELLS, Historical Commentary on Herodotus II (Oxford 1928); G. L. HUXLEY, Early Sparta (London 1962); R. MACAN, Herodotus: Books 5-6 (London 1895); H. MICHELL, Sparta (Cambridge 1952); A. J. TOYNBEE, Some Problems in Greek History (London 1969); H. T. WADE-GERY, Essays in Greek History (Oxford 1958). KELLY, D. H., Thucydides and Herodotus on the Pitanate Lochos , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:1 (1981:Spring) p.31 Thucydides and Herodotus on the Pitanate Lochos D. H. Kelly T HUCYDIDES FLATLY DENIED that the Pitanate lochos existed or had ever existed in Sparta, referring to the belief in this and also in the casting of two votes in the gerousia by each of the Spartan kings as examples of vulgar errors about present\u00ad day matters (1.20.3).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6691", "words": "10537", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Petropoulou, Angeliki", "title": "The Eparche Documents and the Early Oracle at Oropus", "date": "1981", "keywords": "amphiaraus; angeliki; athens; documents; eparche; eparche documents; god; greek; inscription; kai; leonardos; letters; lines; oracle; oropus; p.39; petropoulou; priest; rov; shrine; sokolowski; spring; studies; supra; text", "summary": "Line 34: nA~v omv ~ eopr:~ ei: The oldest epigraphic reference to a festival and a sacrifice (()vaiel, line 27) in honor of the god. 54 Opfer. 39 PETROPOULOU, ANGELIKI, The Eparche Documents and the Early Oracle at Oropus , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:1 (1981:Spring) p.39 40 THE EPARCHE DOCUMENTS OF OROPUS bank of the stream that runs through the sanctuary.2 The top, bottom, and left-hand sections of the stele are lost, but its right\u00ad hand edge in the area of lines 2-8 is preserved.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6701", "words": "8438", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Rajak, Tessa", "title": "Roman Intervention in a Seleucid Siege of Jerusalem?", "date": "1981", "keywords": "antiochus; diodorus; greek; hyrcanus; intervention; jerusalem; jews; josephus; rajak; rome; seleucid; sidetes; siege; spring; studies; tessa; vii; war", "summary": "Antiochus Sidetes may well have been char\u00ad acterized by evai/lela; but the historians protest too much. Tessa Rajak I N THE ANNALS of the decline of the Seleucid dynasty, the reign of Antiochus VII Sidetes (139-129 B.C.) is seen as a period of partial, if abortive, revival.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-671", "words": "11801", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Niehoff, Maren R.", "title": "Did the Timaeus Create a Textual Community?", "date": "2007", "keywords": "aristotle; celsus; christian; community; cosmos; creation; god; greek; identity; interpretation; new; niehoff; pagan; philo; plato; plutarch; porphyry; text; timaeus", "summary": "More recent work testifies to an increasing interest in the role of the Timaeus in Hellenistic times: G. J. Reydams-Schils (ed.), Plato\u2019s Timaeus as a Cultural Icon (Notre Dame 2003); R. W. Sharples and A. Sheppard (eds.), Ancient Ap- proaches to Plato\u2019s Timaeus (London 2003); H. Tarrant and D. Baltzly (eds.), Reading Plato in Antiquity (London 2006). In the fragments of his commentary on the Timaeus Porphyry twice comments at length on references to prayer in Plato\u2019s text.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6711", "words": "2752", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Civic Status in Roman Athens: Cicero, Pro Balbo 12.30", "date": "1981", "keywords": "areopagites; athens; cicero; numero; oliver; roman; status", "summary": "OLIVER, JAMES H., Civic Status in Roman Athens: Cicero, Pro Balbo 12.30 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:1 (1981:Spring) p.83 Civic Status in Roman Athens: Cicero, Pro Balbo 12.30 tJames H. Oliver I Further discussion and 83 OLIVER, JAMES H., Civic Status in Roman Athens: Cicero, Pro Balbo 12.30 , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 22:1 (1981:Spring) p.83", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6721", "words": "9982", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Snipes, Kenneth", "title": "A Letter of Michael Psellus to Constantine the Nephew of Michael Cerularios", "date": "1981", "keywords": "byzantine; cerularios; college; constantine; ed.pr; epistolarion; folios; greek; group; kai; kenneth; korydaleus; letter; manuscript; michael; michael cerularios; michael psellus; nephew; p.89; paris; parisinus; psellos; romanos; scribe; snipes; spring; studies; supra; text; trinity", "summary": "For Psellos' letters of friendship see F. Tinnefeld, Freundschaft in den Briefen des Michael Psellos, JOB 22 (1973) 151-68. In the case of the third and fifth letters, however, both scholars have been misled by slight differ\u00ad ences between the word order of their incipits and the incipits of letters 1 and 84 in the large collection of Psellos' letters edited by Sathas.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6731", "words": "8873", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Scodel, Ruth", "title": "Hesiod Redivivus", "date": "1980", "keywords": "age; burkert; chorus; death; epigram; euripides; hades; heracles; hesiod; homer; kai; legend; life; metempsychosis; pindar; poem; poet; proverb; rejuvenation; ruth; scodel; second; story; supra; tradition; und; youth", "summary": "The dream of second life is placed between the chorus' statements about old age, their personal burden, and their self-presentation in the second strophe. Hesiod, warned by an oracle of danger at a place sacred to Zeus Nif.1clOC;, avoided Nemea in the Peloponnese, only to be murdered at another site sacred to Nemean Zeus by two brothers who believed he had seduced their sister.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6741", "words": "5127", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Knox, Bernard M. W.", "title": "Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannos 446: Exit Oedipus?", "date": "1980", "keywords": "audience; exit; fact; jocasta; oedipus; play; prophecy; scene; sophocles; speech; stage; taplin; tiresias", "summary": "Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannos 446: Exit Oedipus? 321 Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannos 446: Exit Oedipus?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6751", "words": "2795", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Westlake, H. D.", "title": "Thucydides, Brasidas, and Clearidas", "date": "1980", "keywords": "amphipolis; battle; brasidas; clearidas; thucydides", "summary": "To deal first with (A), it is very questionable whether Thucydides can have been at Amphipolis immediately before the battle there in which Brasidas was mortally wounded. Although it is highly improbable for the reasons given above that Thucydides was at Amphipolis at the time of the battle and so in a position to have consulted Brasidas until shortly before it began, the possibility ought not perhaps to be wholly excluded.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6761", "words": "10328", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Mansfeld, Jaap", "title": "Plato and the Method of Hippocrates", "date": "1980", "keywords": "body; case; corpus; division; environment; hippocrates; joly; medicine; meno; method; nature; passage; phaedrus; plato; soul; study; supra; theory; view; works", "summary": "Meteorologia, though Plato puns (19 n.5), means 'discours eJeves'. For in the introductory para\u00ad graph to the section on Hippocrates Plato, I believe, spares no pains to suggest that, in the present context, the reference to the 'whole' is limited to what a Presocratic thinker intended when he spoke of nature.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6771", "words": "3783", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Kadletz, Edward", "title": "The Race and Procession of the Athenian Oscophoroi", "date": "1980", "keywords": "aristodemos; athena; athenian; dionysus; festival; grape; jacoby; kai; oscophoria; procession; proclus; race; skiras; temple", "summary": "ou yap ana(Jae;; au'l'OV i~ayayeiv rae;; Aaxov(Jae;; UJre nap{}evove;;, dAAa rwv (JVVtl{}wv Veavf(JKWV 0150 {}1JAvqJaveir; j.1eV oqJ{}ijvaz Kai veapove;;, dvbpwbeie;; be raie;; 'l'vxaie;; Kai npo{}Vj.10Ve;, Aovrpoie; re {}epj.1oie; Kai (JKzurporpfaze;; Kai Tale; nepi r~v KOj.1V Kai Aelorra Kai XPOlaV dAolqJaie;; Kai KO(Jj.1tl(Je(Jlv we;; e(Jnv i~aAAa~avra K0j.110tj, Kai oloa~avra rpwv~v Kai (Jxtlj.1a Kai paOIO'lV wr; [Vl j.1aAIO'Ta nap{}evOle;; 0j.101OV(J{}at Kai j.1oev rpafve(J{}az ozuqJep0 vrae;; , ej.1paAeiv dr; rov rwv nap{}evwv dpl{}j.10V, Kai ozuAa{}eiv anavrae;' inei oe inavijA{}eV, aurov re nOj.1nev(Jat Kai rovr; veavf(JKOVr; ovrwe; dj.1nexo\u00ad j.1ivove;; we;; vvv dj.1nexovrat rove; w(Jxove;; rpepovree;;. rpepov(J1 fl.epel nap' eKaripwv oarl(; Karaarrjael roe; waKorpopoe; Kai rae; t5emvorpopoe; fl.era riie; z'e\u00ad peiac; Kai ro KrjPVKOC; Kara ra narpla ... . . .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6781", "words": "3048", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Jones, C. P.", "title": "Prosopographical Notes on the Second Sophistic", "date": "1980", "keywords": "amphicles; attalus; flavius; jones; polemo; son; supra; thespiae", "summary": "The first initial must stand for Titus, S which is rarely combined with Claudius, and suggests that Diony\u00ad sius was originally a T. Flavius adopted into a family of Claudii. 378 PROSOPOGRAPHICAL NOTES single Flavius Amphicles, and to identify him with the pupil of Herodes, a wealthy man of Chalcis who after his study of rhetoric busied himself with public affairs and his private wealth, and had leanings to Judaism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6791", "words": "6138", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Wortley, John", "title": "The Trier Ivory Reconsidered", "date": "1980", "keywords": "century; church; constantinople; ivory; jerusalem; pulcheria; relics; saint; saint stephen; stephen; theophanes; translation; trier", "summary": "12 Saint Melania junior died in 439; she is reported to have deposited relics of Saint JOHN WORTLEY 385 a church of Saint Stephen (of which there was already one in the capital by 400),13 but of Saint Laurence? This is all the more remarkable because, on the other hand, there is adequate early testimony of the importation of relics of Saint Stephen later in the reign of Theodosius II, in A.D. 439, and of their deposition in a church of Pulcheria's building.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6801", "words": "2074", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Smith, Ole L.", "title": "The A Commentary on Aeschylus: Author and Date", "date": "1980", "keywords": "aeschylus; commentary; eustathius; kai; mss; scholia; tzetzes", "summary": "398 THE A COMMENTARY ON AESCHYLUS large scale. This scho\u00ad lium consists almost exclusively of extracts from Eustathius' long\u00ad winded commentary on Iliad 5.722-32, p.597.40ff (II 178ff van der Valk).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-681", "words": "12910", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Rance, Philip", "title": "The Etymologicum Magnum and the \u201cFragment of Urbicius\u201d", "date": "2007", "keywords": "army; arrian; author; byzantine; century; commander; dain; des; etym.magn; etymologicum; fragment; genuinum; magnum; military; rance; reitzenstein; sources; tactica; tacticon; text; tradition; urbicius; work; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f79\u03c2; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd; \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd; \u1f41 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u1f77\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03c5\u03c1\u1f77\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u1f77\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f11\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u1f79\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u1f71\u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u1f71- \u03b4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f31\u03c0\u03c0\u1f73\u03c9\u03bd \u1f35\u03c0\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u1f7b\u03bb\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9. \u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u1f77\u1fb3 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u1f71\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u1f75\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c9\u03c3\u1f71\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03c2, \u1f24\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u0392\u03c1\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039a\u1f71\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u1f7d\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u1f77 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f08\u03bd\u03bd\u1f77\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f08\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1f77, \u03a0\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u1f75\u03ca\u03bf\u1f77 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039f\u1f50\u03c1\u03b2\u1f77\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u1f77\u1fb3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u1f71\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca\u03b6\u1f79\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (\u201cHere indeed is another full list of the best emperors who were distinguished for their generalship, or those who with virtue and prudence have lived in the manner of emperors, all the Brutuses and Catos, Antonys and Hannibals, Hadrians and Trajans, Pompeys and Urbiciuses, and the all the rest of the imperial chorus celebrated for their courage and generosity\u201d).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6811", "words": "3994", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Nabors, Ned; Wiltshire, Susan Ford", "title": "The Athena Temple at Paestum and Pythagorean Theory", "date": "1980", "keywords": "athena; doric; feet; paestum; pythagorean; temple; triangle", "summary": "Calculations from the dimensions of other temples yield similar fractional numbers. Our attempts to identify other Greek temples, western or mainland, which show the same sort of planning around Pythagorean concepts have been completely unsuccessful.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6821", "words": "1897", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Ketterer, Robert C.", "title": "Stripping in the Parabasis of Acharnians", "date": "1980", "keywords": "acharnians; anapests; chorus; dance; parabasis; stripping", "summary": "If it were, this could be only for the dura\u00ad tion of the anapests, for in the song-speech pair the chorus is still a group of old Acharnians, invoking their Acharnian Muse and arguing for the aged veterans who are their contemporaries (ot yipovrec; ot' naAalOi J.1.eJ.Up0J.1.ea{}a rij nOAel, 676).6 ROBERT C. KETTERER 221 raphy required rhetorical gesture to match the rhetorical content and purpose of the anapestic section of the para basis.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6831", "words": "7453", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Cole, Susan Guettel", "title": "New Evidence for the Mysteries of Dionysos", "date": "1980", "keywords": "bakchos; burkert; carratelli; century; cult; dionysiac; dionysos; euripides; evidence; hipponion; initiation; mysteries; person; second; supra; tablet; term; west; worshippers; zuntz", "summary": "New Evidence for the Mysteries of Dionysos GUETTEL COLE, SUSAN Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1980; 21, 3; Periodicals Archive Online pg. 223 New Evidence for the Mysteries of Dionysos", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6841", "words": "2311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Arsinoe Lokris", "date": "1980", "keywords": "aphrodite; arsinoe; berenike; evening; lock; star; supra; zephyrion", "summary": "The queen was identified with Aphrodite: she received a dedication as Aphrodite Akraia Arsinoe and the sanctuary at Cape Zephyrion was dedicated to her as Aphrodite Zephyritis. 7 239 Arsinoe Lokris George Huxley T", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6851", "words": "6907", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Ladouceur, David J.", "title": "Masada: A Consideration of the Literary Evidence", "date": "1980", "keywords": "account; cato; david; death; defenders; der; eleazar; evidence; god; josephus; ladouceur; masada; military; roman; rome; sense; sicarii; speech; suicide; supra; titus", "summary": "When the choice of suicide or surrender confronted Josephus as commander at Jotapata, he chose surrender; Eleazar at Masada chose death. Perhaps the 'unfortunate Jew' was conscience-stricken or genuinely overwhelmed by the heroism of the people he betrayed, Yigael Yadin, the excavator of Masada, has suggested.5 Yet nowhere else in the Bellum does Josephus seem in any way sympathetic toward the Sicarii.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6861", "words": "3138", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Duffy, John", "title": "Philologica Byzantina", "date": "1980", "keywords": "cyril; ephraim; george; john; kai; manuscripts; supra; text", "summary": "In the Sinai copy (which is quoted here) the treatise takes up folios 311 r_324v and has the title: L'vvaywy~ Kai I!K(}UJlr; rwv dyiwv nauwv uvv6bwv OiKOVjJ\u00a3VIKWV re Kai romKwv, onov re Kai nore Kai bHi ri Kai Ka(}' afar; aipeuewr; eKaur'1 UVV1'/()pOIU()1!, Kai ri uvv aYlrp nverJp,an blwpluaro, eni nOlwv re paUl).twv Kai dYlwv uvve\u00ad Kporrj8'1 narepwv, UVVOn!lKWr; uaqJ'1vi(ovua. The same council is also the subject of a short notice in the so\u00ad called Synodicon Vetus: npf.1iaba~ ovv av81~ tv KwvaravrlvovnoAel 8eiav Kai tepav t~aniarelAe auvobov, Kai ra tv XaAKYfOOVl bOYf.1aTl\u00ad a8tvra", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6871", "words": "8806", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Treadgold, Warren T.", "title": "Notes on the Numbers and Organization of the Ninth-Century Byzantine Army", "date": "1980", "keywords": "army; byzantine; century; list; officers; oikonomides; philotheus; qudamah; read; supra; tacticon; tagmata; theme; turmarchs", "summary": "The term 'theme', in contrast, refers both to the provincial army corps and to the province in which the corps was stationed; the commander of a theme, the strategus, was both gen\u00ad eral of the corps and military governor of its province. Some prov\u00ad inces did not formally rank as themes and were commanded and governed not by strategi but by cleisurarchs, archons, or dukes.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6881", "words": "3061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Mosshammer, Alden A.", "title": "The Barberini Manuscript of Georgius Syncellus (Vat. Barb. Gr. 227)", "date": "1980", "keywords": "barb; barberini; century; copyist; manuscript; paris; syncellus; text", "summary": "AR: AIO(J'1l0A1TWV B II 123.11lponi./;el AR: (J'vvui/;el B II 148.4 TO OV AR: up OV'll B II 149.5 EVTVXIOC; The same phenomenon occurs on f.308\\ where Barb. reads at 627.17 llavAov Kai EiAa, the line corresponding to an imperfection in the parchment on page 98 of Paris 1711.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6891", "words": "15941", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Renehan, R.", "title": "On the Greek Origins of the Concepts Incorporeality and Immateriality", "date": "1980", "keywords": "air; anaxagoras; aristotle; body; century; claudianus; concepts; existence; fact; fragment; gomperz; greek; guthrie; immateriality; incorporeality; isocrates; kai; man; material; matter; melissus; nature; new; notion; passage; philolaus; philosophy; plato; pythagoreans; renehan; rwv; sense; soul; supra; things; thought; way; word; yap", "summary": "npoarjKez, AeKriov 'IIvxrjv-rouro be doparov, nup be Kai iJbwp Kai yij Kai ar,p aW/-lara navra opara yiyovev. Empedocles' principles of Love and Strife are too little differentiated in nature from his four material pI(wllara\u00ad so for instance fr.1 7.18 - 20: nvp Kai vl5wp Kai yafa Kai spos anAerov V'l'Os, I N elKOs r' OVAOlleVOV", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6901", "words": "4978", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Hogan, John T.", "title": "The \u1f00\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 of Words at Thucydides 3.82.4", "date": "1980", "keywords": "axiosis; change; classen; deeds; kai; meaning; men; new; praise; right; socrates; stasis; thucydides; words", "summary": "If he had used eKA~B1J, this would have supported Dionysius' interpretation: deeds were called by new words (a change in referent). [Greek] of Words at Thucydides 3.82.4 Hogan, John T Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1980; 21, 2; Periodicals Archive Online pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-691", "words": "3803", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Thonemann, P.", "title": "Magnesia and the Greeks of Asia (I.Magnesia 16.16)", "date": "2007", "keywords": "asia; b.c; century; cities; city; contest; festival; greeks; magnesia; stephanitic; und; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "A Pharsalan victor in the Olympic pankration of the later fourth century was the \u201cfirst from the land of Thessaly\u201d to have won this particular contest; in the same period, an individual claims to be the \u201cfirst of the Cretans\u201d to have been victorious at the Nemea.16 Instances relating to individual cities are very numerous in the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial periods.17 Such claims were not neces- sarily only a matter of civic pride. As we have recently been reminded in a useful study of the institutions of the Leucophryena,1 status as \u201ccrowned\u201d games was not a decision the host city could make for itself; stephanitic status was conditional on being recognised as such by other cities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6911", "words": "11272", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Seven Hundred Archai in Classical Athens", "date": "1980", "keywords": "aeschin; age; archai; arche; aristotle; ath.pol; athenian; athens; board; century; citizens; council; councillors; dem; hansen; kai; lot; magistrates; office; officials; rwv; sources", "summary": "There may have been many boards replaced in the fourth century by other magistrates; we do not know. Moreover, my list of magis\u00ad trates omitted by Aristotle is based on fragmentary sources, and it is reasonable to assume that the Athenians had many more boards of magistrates than those referred to in the preserved sources.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6921", "words": "8021", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Eckstein, A. M.", "title": "Polybius on the R\u00f4le of the Senate in the Crisis of 264 B.C.", "date": "1980", "keywords": "1.11.1; consultum; debate; decision; intervention; majority; means; messana; noaaoi; people; polybius; roman; senate; senatorial; senatus; sicily; supra; war", "summary": "The same position is taken by translators: so E. S. SHU C K BUR G H, The Histories of Polybius I (London/New York 1889); W. R. PATON, Polybius: The Histories, I (Cam\u00ad bridge [Mass.] 1922: LCL); M. H. CHAMBERS, Polybius: The Histories (New York 1966); P. PEDECH, According to Polybius, the Roman Senate became deadlocked over the question whether to aid the Mamertines (1.11.1; cr. 1.10.3 and 10.9): for the arguments presented in the Senate in favor of intervention in Sicily seemed to be balanced by the arguments I A useful summary of the issues can be found in F. Hampl, Zur Vorgeschichte des ersten und zweiten punischen Krieges, ANR W 1.1 (Berlin", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6931", "words": "4580", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Barnes, T. D.", "title": "The Editions of Eusebius\u2019 Ecclesiastical History", "date": "1980", "keywords": "book; constantine; edition; eusebius; history; licinius; martyrs; palestine; recension; short", "summary": "2 A. Harnack, Chronologie der altchristlichen Litteratur bis Eusebius II (Leipzig 1904) I11ff; E. Schwartz, Eusebius Werke 11.3 (GCS IX.3, 1909) xlvii ff; H. J. Lawlor, Eusebiana (Oxford 1912) 243ff; H. J. Lawlor and J. E. L. Oulton, Eusebius: The Ecclesiastical History II (London 1928) HE 8.2.2f}.17 It seems an inescapable inference that at some stage Eusebius in\u00ad tended the short recension of the Martyrs of Palestine to stand between the passages which now constitute the beginning and the end of Book Eight of the Ecclesiastical History.1s III", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6941", "words": "8042", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Newton, Rick M.", "title": "Hippolytus and the Dating of Oedipus Tyrannus", "date": "1980", "keywords": "agon; creon; death; echoes; euripides; hippolytus; kalyptomenos; oedipus; phaedra; play; scene; son; sophocles; speech; theseus; tyrannus; youth", "summary": "Hippolytus says that his father's words are unseated from his mind (EtE8pOL c/>PEVWV, 935), just as Creon wonders if Oedipus delivered his charge from a right mind (Et op8ijc c/>PEVOC, 528). Theseus accuses Hippolytus of being obviously guilty of the charge of rape (EfJ-c/>avwc KaKLcToc WV, 945), and Oedipus claims that Creon is obviously the murderer of Laius (c/>OVEVC WV \u2022\u2022. EfJ-c/>avwc, 534).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6951", "words": "5202", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Carney, Elizabeth D.", "title": "Alexander the Lyncestian: The Disloyal Opposition", "date": "1980", "keywords": "aeropus; alexander; death; king; lyncestian; parmenio; philip; son", "summary": "Apparently the continued support of Lyncestian Alexander was also valuable: he was first governor of Thrace and later commander of the important Thes\u00ad salian cavalry (Arr. 1.25.2).21 19 Bosworth 105 and J. R. Ellis, Amyntas Perdikka, Philip II, and Alexander the Great, ]HS 91 (1971) 24, think Alexander was foolish to risk Upper Macedonian unrest oy the executions; but whether or not Alexander was responsible for his father's death, he needed plausible scapegoats, and plausible candidates were likely to be important. Both Arrian (1.25.1-2) and Curtius (7.1.6-7) allude to Philip's death and to the Lyncestian brothers while narrating the arrest of Lyncestian Alexander, which occurred considerably later.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6961", "words": "3802", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "McGing, B. C.", "title": "Appian, Manius Aquillius, and Phrygia", "date": "1980", "keywords": "appian; eupator; manius; mithridates; phrygia; roman; rome; supra; war", "summary": "For he may unwittingly have got things right in this case-unwittingly because, as we saw, the recipient of Phrygia is not named, and given the confusion elsewhere it is quite possible that here too Appian is thinking of Mithridates Eupator and the younger Manius. Appian, Manius Aquillius, and Phrygia McGing, B C Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1980; 21, 1; Periodicals Archive Online pg. 35 Appian, Manius Aquillius, and Phrygia B. C. McGing T HE CHANGING STATUS of Phrygia towards the end of the second century B.C. has demonstrated great flexibility as a piece of evidence, being responsible for, or finding a place in, numerous theories concerning Rome and her provinces.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6971", "words": "7972", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Cameron, Alan", "title": "The Garland of Philip", "date": "1980", "keywords": "a.d; anth.pal; antiphilus; augustus; caesar; cichorius; claudius; emperor; epigrams; gaius; garland; gow; nero; page; philip; poem; thallus; tiberius", "summary": "Philip II (Anth. [hereafter, COW AND PAGE], whose numbering and translations of Garland poems are given here. 43 44 THE GARLAND OF PHILIP the (future) emperor Tiberius.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6981", "words": "5482", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Sansone, David", "title": "Plutarch, Alexander, and the Discovery of Naphtha", "date": "1980", "keywords": "alexander; anger; character; explanation; fire; forster; kat; life; man; naphtha; nature; plutarch; supra", "summary": "In the case of Lysander, for instance, Plutarch shows us the Spartan general attempting to transcend his innate melancholy by redirecting (we might almost here speak of 'sublimating') his tendency toward cupidity for the benefit of his homeland.20 Similarly Alexander must 8ul71vpo\u00a3 70710\u00a3); if. Yet in ch.35 Plutarch makes a lengthy digression on the nature of naphtha, occasioned by its discovery by Alexander's men when they reached Babylon.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-6991", "words": "3102", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Achaia, Greece, and Laconica", "date": "1980", "keywords": "achaia; athens; author; cities; corinth; expositio; greece; laconica; province; rouge; tac", "summary": "Hence 'Hellas' (Graecia) evidently could take on for a commercial man such as our author the special meaning of old free cities and leagues which were not part of Achaia.7 Laconica is more difficult. If so, this supplies one more indication (A.D. 359/60) of a later than pretended date for the HA, and the Expositio Totius Mundi et Gentium should be added to the sources listed by T. D. Barnes, though only for one passage, the bold invention of Tac. 18.12 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND January, 1980 12 The Sources of the Historia Augusta (ColI. Latomus 155, 1978).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7001", "words": "7192", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Bolter, Jay", "title": "Friedrich August Wolf and the Scientific Study of Antiquity", "date": "1980", "keywords": "antiquity; august; century; classics; friedrich; german; knowledge; method; new; science; study; wolf", "summary": "Friedrich August Wolf and the Scientific Study of Antiquity Bolter, Jay Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1980; 21, 1; Periodicals Archive Online pg. Friedrich Wolf claimed all of these scientific qualities for his Altertumswissenschaft.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-701", "words": "14613", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Ekklesia Synkletos in Classical Athens and the Ekklesiai Held in the Eighth Prytany of 347/6", "date": "2007", "keywords": "aeschin; aischines; boule; day; days; decree; demosthenes; ekklesia; ekklesia synkletos; elaph; hansen; harris; meeting; period; pryt; prytany; synkletos; year", "summary": "Deviations from this schedule were caused by, for example, coincidence of festivals with meeting days of the assembly. 16 and 18 to be ordinary meetings, whereas the meeting on Elaph.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7011", "words": "10667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Gagarin, Michael", "title": "The Prosecution of Homicide in Athens", "date": "2011", "keywords": "apagoge; athens; case; death; dem; evidence; homicide; law; procedure; prosecution; relatives; statement; trierarch; victim", "summary": "301 The Prosecution of Homicide in Athens Michael Gagarin BEFORE the publication of D. M. MacDowell's Athenian Homicide Law in the Age of the Orators 1 there had been general agreement among scholars for about a century concerning the prosecution of homicide cases in Athens: the regular procedure of StKYJ 4>6vov was available only to relatives of a homicide victim (or to the master of a slave) ; no ypa4>~ 4>6vov existed; and under special circumstances the relatives might use a special procedure, apagoge, to prosecute a homicide.2 Against this consensus MacDowell argued first (12-22) that StKat 4>6vov could be brought by others than the relatives (or master) of the victim, and secondly (133-35) that a ypa4>~ 4>6vov in connection with an apagoge could be brought by anyone (in theory at least). 308 THE PROSECUTION OF HOMICIDE IN ATHENS their advice and his decision that the trier arch provides some evidence for the law concerning prosecution in homicide cases.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7021", "words": "2055", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Thompson, Wesley E.", "title": "More on the Prytaneion Decree", "date": "2011", "keywords": "decree; future; maintenance; morrissey; prytaneion; victors", "summary": "Noting that horse racing was an aristocratic pastime, Morrissey suggests (124) that democratic opposition towards the granting of sitesis to hippie victors could well have become serious enough to warrant an explicit restatement of their rights in our decree. If all victors receive maintenance, it is pointless to say that hippie victors shall receive the same thing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7031", "words": "6187", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Dow, Sterling", "title": "Thrasyphon Hierokleidou Xypetaion", "date": "2011", "keywords": "arkhon; b.c; decree; dow; hierokleidou; kirchner; letters; line; supra; thrasyphon", "summary": "Estimates of the number of letters missing at the begin\u00ad nings of lines depend on the restoration of line 42. Line 20 is exceptional: in order to inscribe the end of the text on that line, rather than leave a few letters for a new line, the mason crowded the letters so that line 20 has 38 (full) letters.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7041", "words": "3058", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Renehan, Robert", "title": "Acts 17.28", "date": "2011", "keywords": "acts; greek; kal; kat; lev; luke; quotation; words; yap", "summary": "For it is an easy matter to produce comparable 9 Toup conjectured X>..wpov T\u20ac Kat {3M1TOVTa on the basis of Hesychius: X>..wpOv TE Kat (3M1TOVLAococpoc tCTopta en quatre livres ecrite par Ie philosophe neoplatonicien Porphyre 4 dans la seconde moitie du IIIe siecle apres J.C. et les Successions des philosophes composees par Sotion d' 161 Eunape et ses devanciers: A propos de Vitae Sophistarum p.5.4-17 G. Richard Goulet LINTRODUCTION des Vies des philosophes et des sophistes d'Eunape de Sardes1 comporte un developpement en deux parties (pp.2.14- 4.8; p.5.4-17) sur les periodes de l'histoire passee de la philosophie et de la rhetorique.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7221", "words": "5380", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Rouech\u00e9, Charlotte", "title": "A New Inscription from Aphrodisias and the Title \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2", "date": "1979", "keywords": "aphrodisias; bullep; century; cities; city; cross; evidence; governor; hellenica; inscription; jones; kat; new; robert; tov", "summary": "Tac X\u20acipuc: for this standard rhetorical cliche applied to governors, see Robert, Hellenica IV 38-39, and 1. Just. 8.51.3.3 (529): concerning the protection of rights of abandoned children, entrusted to governors and episcopis nec non officiis praesidalibus et patribus et defensoribus civitatum et omni civili auxilio.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7231", "words": "11506", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Lefkowitz, Mary R.", "title": "The Euripides Vita", "date": "1979", "keywords": "aeschylus; anecdotes; aristophanes; athens; biography; century; death; dogs; euripides; fr.39; greek; lefkowitz; macedonia; man; op.cit; pindar; poet; poetry; satyrus; sophocles; story; supra; vita; women", "summary": "What happens to Euripides happens with remarkable frequency and symmetry to other poets. Of the several accounts of his death, it picks the one that emphasizes his isola tion; no reference is made (as in the Suda) to a plot against Euripides by other poets, or to a love affair with Archelaus' house\u00ad keeper (Hermesianax 7.66), or to dying of old age (Adaeus AP 7.51 = Garl.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7241", "words": "4106", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Ostwald, Martin", "title": "Diodotus, Son of Eucrates", "date": "1979", "keywords": "assembly; athenian; century; cleon; diodotus; gomme; ibid; official; passage; speaker; thucydides", "summary": "In other words, Diodotus' point in the state\u00ad ment under discussion is that public officials must take a long-range view in urging a particular course of action before the Assembly because it is they who will have to implement what is voted and it is they who will have to submit to an accounting for their official acts when they lay down their office. We noted already that Cleon's innuendo that Diodotus was bribed (3.38.2) to speak in behalf of the Mytileneans is unlikely to be a veiled threat to use against him an eisangelia procedure which could be employed against bribed speakers in the fourth century.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7251", "words": "4735", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Green, Peter", "title": "Strepsiades, Socrates and the Abuses of Intellectualism", "date": "1979", "keywords": "aristophanes; clouds; dover; greek; intellectual; mind; new; op.cit; peter; plato; socrates; strepsiades; supra; thought", "summary": "Plato's immediate object in both cases was to discredit the 1 See A. W. H. Adkins, Clouds, Mysteries, Socrates and Plato, Antichthon 4 (1970) 13-24, where it is argued convincingly that Socrates employed initiation-language in philosophical discussion and further that Aristophanes deliberately held this practice'up to ridicule in the Clouds. W. K. C. Guthrie, A History cif Greek Philosophy III (Cambridge 1969) 374, suggests that Aristophanes may have described Socrates and his companions as a thiasos for comic effect and adding such picturesque details as the ban on revealing its 'mysteries' to any but the initiated disciples, but he does not cite either of these Platonic passages.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7261", "words": "12822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Did the Athenian Ecclesia Legislate after 403/2 B.C.?", "date": "1979", "keywords": "403/2; athenians; athens; century; decree; dem; ecclesia; enactment; examples; form; hansen; individual; law; lines; nomos; nomothetai; psephisma; rule; supra; tov", "summary": "'A' I \\ \\ \\ 17'Ep\u00a3 EKCXCTOV CXVTWV KCX\u00a3 T 'Y}V /OVI\\'Y}V 3.5.16= IG IP 14); Honorary decree for exiled Thasians ca 385 (Dem. 20.59-63= IG IP 33);", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7271", "words": "5003", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Dilts, Mervin R.", "title": "Manuscripts of Scholia Ulpiani on Demosthenes, Orations 1, 3 and 4", "date": "1979", "keywords": "mss; readings; scholia; ulpiani", "summary": "F B T Be 144.7-9 PWdVsPvAoVi, Eom. FBTBc .10-12 P W d V s Pv Ao Vi, E om. F B T Be Like MSS.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7281", "words": "7797", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Brock, Sebastian", "title": "Aspects of Translation Technique in Antiquity", "date": "1979", "keywords": "aquila; aspects; brock; century; documents; greek; hebrew; language; method; original; reader; septuagint; source; syriac; technique; text; translation; translators; verbum; word; work", "summary": "The need for a living source of expositores explains why literal translations from Greek into Arabic never caught on; at first the standard Syriac techniques of literal translation were applied (often with Syriac as a halfway house), but the great translators like I:Iunain ibn Isf:1aq explicitly reject the verbum e verbo approach in favour of the sensus de sensu. Thus the literalist school of Greek biblical translation, culminating in the work of Aquila (early second century), is only a practical proposition in Palestine, where many Jews were bilingual: this is why the Egyptian Jews, to whom Hebrew was mostly unknown, chose to regard the Septuagint as inspired rather than to correct it and thus render it virtually unintelligible.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7291", "words": "15308", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "58", "author": "Solmsen, Friedrich", "title": "Wilamowitz in his Last Ten Years", "date": "1979", "keywords": "berlin; book; course; der; die; dissertation; friedrich; german; good; great; greek; jaeger; lectures; life; maas; nicht; opinion; scholar; solmsen; students; study; thought; time; und; university; von; way; wilamowitz; work; years", "summary": "The firm conviction that his opinion was true must have character\u00ad ized Wilamowitz throughout his life, and even though he shared it with most of his contemporaries, at least in Germany-in the U.S.A. Shorey must have been similar-few had it in so extreme and pro\u00ad vocative a form. Wilamowitz recog\u00ad nized the high quality and in some cases downright excellence of the work produced by Jaeger's students, and while he was bound to feel critical about much that Jaeger did, he very seldom expressed such feelings, except perhaps to persons so close to him that he could be sure of their discretion.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7301", "words": "7499", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Gagarin, Michael", "title": "The Prohibition of Just and Unjust Homicide in Antiphon\u2019s Tetralogies", "date": "1978", "keywords": "argument; case; defendant; defense; gagarin; homicide; killing; law; plaintiff; prohibition; second; self; tetralogies; tov", "summary": "A rebuttal by Lipsius2 explained several of the alleged discrepancies between the Tetralogies and Athenian law, but in his reply to Lipsius Dittenberger3 stuck firmly to one point above all: that the prohibition /L~7\u20ac oLKaLwc /L~7\u20ac &OLKWC &1TOK'TELVELV, which is quoted four times in the Second and Third Tetralogies (3.2.9,4 3.3.7, 4.2.3, 4.4.8), is clearly inconsistent with Athenian homicide law, which from the time of Drakon recognized that certain cases of homicide were lawful and went unpunished.s Following Dittenberger some critics6 have accepted this inconsistency and taken it as part of the evidence for the 'sophistic', non-legal and non-Antiphontic nature of the Tetralogies. MICHAEL GAGARIN 301 We noted earlier that the prohibition is not strictly speaking a law and would probably be superfluous in Athenian homicide law, and the legal vagueness of the rhetorical qualification is further evidence that the prohibition was probably not written into the law.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-731", "words": "7419", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Kelhoffer, James A.", "title": "Suppressing Anger in Early Christianity: Examples from the Pauline Tradition", "date": "2007", "keywords": "anger; author; colossians; cor; eph; ephesians; gal; god; harris; letters; paul; pauline; wrath", "summary": "This article has two main parts: a correction of William V. Harris\u2019s analysis of anger in the New Testament letters attributed to the apostle Paul, and an interaction with classic theories of the psychology of anger. The article brings competing theories of the psychology of anger to bear on the Pauline passages examined.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7311", "words": "2945", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Nagy, Blaise", "title": "The Athenian Athlothetai", "date": "1978", "keywords": "athenian; athlothetai; b.c; century; lines; ll2; panathenaia", "summary": "The one other record from the fifth century B.C. concerning the Athenian Athlothetai is IG 12 304, again a Treasury expenditure list but one that covers the payments of a single year only, 410/9, a year of the Greater Panathenaia. Poz.t2 They have, however, overlooked a relevant Athenian de\u00ad cree, first published in 1911 by G. Oikonomos and then, in 1913, by J. Kirchner as IG IJ2 784.13 It was passed during the archonship of Athenodoros, now dated 240/39 B.C., in the month of Skirophorion.14 I cite the relevant portion:", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7321", "words": "8061", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Nomos and Psephisma in Fourth-Century Athens", "date": "1978", "keywords": "action; athens; century; decree; demos; demosthenes; ecclesia; enactment; hansen; law; nomos; nomothetai; oem; psephisma; speech; supra; tov; ypacp~", "summary": "The purpose of this paper is to examine the difference between nomos and psephisma in fourth-century Athens. 2 Cf Andoc. 1.86; Lys. 30.5; Oem. 12.9, 18.320,20.131; 24.55, 72, 79, 92,100,112,201; 26.8, 35.39; 47.18, 19,22,23,24,30,37,40,41,48,80; 50.3, 57.30; 58.49, 50; 59.13; Aeschin. 1.79, 177; 2.160; 3.4, 31; Din. 1.41, 101; 3.21. 315 316 NOMOS AND PSEPHISMA IN FOURTH-CENTURY ATHENS psephisma.3 My own conclusion is that the distinction between nomos and psephisma was in fact respected, and, with the exception of a short period of crisis in 340-38 B.C., there is hardly any example of the ecclesia having legislated in the proper sense of the word.4 My investigation is confined to the fourth century, or rather to the period 403/2-322/1 B.C.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7331", "words": "9367", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Hammond, N. G. L.", "title": "\u2018Philip\u2019s Tomb\u2019 in Historical Context", "date": "1978", "keywords": "alexander; andronikos; b.c; burial; curt; death; diod; gold; hammond; king; macedones; macedonian; pausanias; philip; remains; tomb; tumulus", "summary": "The Circumstances attending the Demise and Burial of Philip II 339 An investigation of the circumstances may help us to come to a final decision, and at the same time it is worthwhile in its own right.24 Diodorus 17.2.1 gives in a concise tnanner the sequence of events after the assassination of Philip in the theatre at Aegeae. (2) The pottery and especially a lamp of a special kind enabled Andronikos, a most capable and experienced archaeologist, to date the tomb within the bracket 350-320 B.C.; and Philip II was buried in 336 B.C. (3) The teeth in the gold coffer containing the man's remains have been analysed as those of a man over thirty-two years of age; Philip IT was in his forty-sixth year when he died.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7341", "words": "6826", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Wheeler, Everett L.", "title": "The Occasion of Arrian\u2019s Tactica", "date": "1978", "keywords": "armatura; arrian; cavalry; emperor; exercises; hadrian; hartmann; kiechle; occasion; op.cit; reference; roman; stadter; supra; tact; tactica; treatise; wheeler", "summary": "Davies asserts that Hadrian commanded Arrian to write the section on the cavalry exercises, while according to Bosworth Arrian simply reedited a standard textbook for military antiquarians.l1 Others claim a practical purpose for the work.12 Certainly the Tactica contains many contemporary references and possesses demonstrable relevance to the warfare of the period, but none of the explanations offered hitherto will account for the treatise as a whole. = Uber die Taktik des Arrian, Programm Bamberg (Bamberg 1895); KIECHLE = Franz Kiechle, Die 'Taktik' des Flavius Arrianus, RGKomm 45 (1965) 87-129; KLUMBACH= Hans Klumbach, Zum Straubinger Romerfund, Gymnasium 59 (1952) 71-76; SANDER = Erich Sander, Die Kleidung des romischen Soldaten, Historia 12 (1963) 144-66; STADTER = Philip A. Stadter, The Ars Tactica of Arrian: Tradition and Originality, CP 73 (1978) 117-28; WHEELER = Everett L. Wheeler, Flavius Arrianus: A Political and Military Biog\u00ad raphy (Diss.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7351", "words": "3205", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Anderson, Graham", "title": "Lucian\u2019s Nigrinus: the Problem of Form", "date": "1978", "keywords": "conversion; form; frame; lucian; nigrinus; op.cit; rome; speech; supra", "summary": "HE Nigrinus is the most persistently reinterpreted of Lucian's dialogues:1 most scholars have felt that it is too eccentric in form to be accepted at its face value as a tribute from an ad\u00ad mirer to an unknown philosopher Nigrinus. Several explanations of this sequence have been offered: Lucian is held to be writing genuine a7To/-LV7J/-LovetJ/-LaTa or \u00a3YKciJ/-LtOV and .p6yOC; he is held to be saying one thing in the frame, another in his recollec\u00ad tions of Nigrinus' conversation-as the result of either inept revision or deliberate intent to conceal his real purpose, artistic or political; and the contrast in mood between frame and centre is difficult to resolve.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7361", "words": "6198", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "The Piety of Commodus and Caracalla and the \u0395\u1f30\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b1", "date": "1978", "keywords": "antoninus; augustus; aurelius; caracalla; commodus; east; emperor; eusebeia; greek; marcus; philip; piety; pius; policy; roman; world", "summary": "Lucius Verus frequently received from others the title pontifex maximus in recognition of his position as co-emperor, but he never claimed it himself in the heading of an epistle. EvC\u20acfJ~c as an element of the emperor's name began in a sense with Antoninus Pius, who did not himself use it in the heading of the extant Greek constitutions.u Nor did Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus as co-emperors use it of their adoptive father; they were (hou )1vTwvlvov viol.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7371", "words": "1970", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Wilson, N. G.", "title": "Planudes and Triclinius", "date": "1978", "keywords": "pap.3; planudes; triclinius; turyn", "summary": "(= G P) 72 aOp6wc (=LANU) 76 OAljJETa, (= L WTr N) 81 'woypacfoo, (= S2 V2) 105 cfo'po,ca, (= Pap.3) 106 OvaTac (=Pap.3 KWTr) 107 (=Pap.3 ANU) 141 1TPbTEPOV (=LWTr)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7381", "words": "4115", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Stanford, W. B.", "title": "Light and Darkness in Sophocles\u2019 Ajax", "date": "1978", "keywords": "ajax; chorus; darkness; imagery; light; lines; play; sophocles; time", "summary": "Tecmessa uses the same word again to describe the dimly seen figure of Athena outside her tent (301), and Agamemnon uses it contemptuously in referring to dead Ajax (1257). I would go so far as to say that Sophocles may have conceived and expressed much of the psychological development of Ajax in terms of an emergence from darkness into light before Ajax dies, and that the language of the whole play is orchestrated in terms of a crescendo and diminuendo of light-and-darkness imagery.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7391", "words": "5053", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Szegedy-Maszak, Andrew", "title": "Legends of the Greek Lawgivers", "date": "1978", "keywords": "charondas; code; fgrhist; greek; lawgivers; laws; legends; lycurgus; op.cit; solon; supra; tradition; zaleucus", "summary": "Plutarch comments that while such stories might be true, there is another explanation worth taking seriously, namely that these lawgivers only pretended to have divine guidance in order to gain acceptance for their decrees.31 Posidonius adopts a more conciliatory tone, observing that these things, whatever truth there may be in them, have at least been believed and sanctioned among men. During his sojourn in Crete Lycurgus allegedly met with Thaletas.15 Solon had contact with Thales of Miletus, with the famous barbarian savant Anacharsis and with Epimenides of Crete.16 Zaleucus and Charondas are both represented as pupils of Pythagoras, with a further variation to the effect that 11", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7401", "words": "6867", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Sumner, G. V.", "title": "The \u2018Piracy Law\u2019 from Delphi and the Law of the Cnidos Inscription", "date": "1978", "keywords": "art.cit; cnidos; consul; delphi; governor; iii; inscription; law; supra; text; translation", "summary": "Roman legislators in framing their drafts of laws were in the habit of repeating whole sections from previous enactments.s The close resemblance, then, of parts of Law D to parts of Law K is not, ipso facto, conclusive proof that Laws D and K are identical. At this stage it becomes imperative to look into the question of the dating of the law or laws.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-741", "words": "5542", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Zellner, Harold", "title": "Sappho\u2019s Alleged Proof of Aesthetic Relativity", "date": "2007", "keywords": "alternative; anactoria; argument; beauty; example; explanation; helen; inference; relativity; sappho", "summary": "Most, \u201cSappho Fr. 16. 6-7 L-P,\u201d CQ 31 (1981) 11\u201317, at 14; A. P. Burnett, Three Archaic Poets (London 1983) 285; P. duBois, Sappho is Burning (Chicago 1995) 105, and \u201cSappho and Helen,\u201d in E. Greene (ed.), Reading Sappho (Berkeley 1996) According to the theory of Glen Most,16 for Sappho Helen is a special kind of authority.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7411", "words": "4650", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Bosworth, A. B.", "title": "Eumenes, Neoptolemus and PSI XII 1284", "date": "1978", "keywords": "arr; arrian; battle; briant; cavalry; craterus; diod; eumenes; fragment; macedonian; neoptolemus; phalanx", "summary": "After two battles he was defeated, captured with his family and brutally executed.17 Eumenes was now formally installed as satrap; but for the moment he remained with the royal army as it moved south to Lycaonia, on the northern slopes of the Taurus range,IS and laid siege to Isaura and Laranda, whose inhabitants had defeated and killed Balacrus, Alexander's first satrap of Cilicia.19 The sieges ended in fire and slaughter, and Perdiccas continued south into Cilicia. He was sent to prevent the crossing of the Hellespont, and once again all commanders in the area were ordered to give assistance, notably Neoptolemus and Alcetas (Perdiccas' brother, left in command of the forces in Pisidia).28 Eumenes seems to have reached the Hellespont and strengthened the forces of the western satrapies with his newly-levied cavalry.29 Nothing suggests that he remained there.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7421", "words": "4946", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Rigsby, Kent J.", "title": "An Ephebic Inscription from Egypt", "date": "1978", "keywords": "antinoopolis; chlamys; duke; egypt; ephebes; inscription; line; list; prizes; robert; text; tow", "summary": "I may note that I do not understand the exclusive use of a metronymic by several ephebes (Anubias 11, Arsinoe 12, Demetrous 14, Zois 15); the same usage occurs in other of the Antinoite lists. This text too shifts to smaller lettering when the list of ephebes begins.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7431", "words": "3686", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Croke, Brian", "title": "Hormisdas and the Late Roman Walls of Thessalonika", "date": "1978", "keywords": "east; hormisdas; huns; law; prefect; prefecture; supra; thessalonika; vickers; walls", "summary": "1.1.3 does not necessarily mean that it has dropped out thereby leaving open the possibility that the law was addressed to 'Hormisdas Praetorian Prefect of Illyricum'. 254 HORMISDAS AND LATE ROMAN WALLS OF THESSALONIKA rather than to the Prefect of the East, within whose jurisdiction the controversy over Nestorius was being so vehemently played out.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7441", "words": "3843", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Rodgers, R. H.", "title": "Varro and Virgil in the Geoponica", "date": "1978", "keywords": "anatolius; arm; chapter; columella; geoponica; greek; pliny; rust; supra; tradition; varro; virgil", "summary": "Authoritative names from earlier periods appear in the Geoponica, among them the two Latin writers Varro and Virgil. A similarity to Georgics 1.66 (E. Meyer, 280 V ARRO AND VIRGIL IN THE GEOPONICA For Varro there are three citations in the Geoponica.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7451", "words": "7630", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Cameron, Alan", "title": "The House of Anastasius", "date": "1978", "keywords": "anastasius; daughter; emperor; family; house; hypatius; john; justinian; law; paul; pompeius; probus; son; sons; theodora", "summary": "Not only is there Pompeius, son of Caesaria, consul in 501; and Pompeius the son of this Pompeius' brother Hypatius.4 There is in addition Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius Anastasius, consul in 517.5 Anastasius was always ready with a consulship for his male kinsmen. The House of Anastasius Cameron, Alan Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Jan 1, 1978; 19, 3; Periodicals Archive Online pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7461", "words": "5164", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Gagarin, Michael", "title": "Self-defense in Athenian Homicide Law", "date": "1978", "keywords": "cases; defendant; defense; evidence; homicide; killing; law; self; trial; victim", "summary": "The thesis that cases of killing in self-defense were not tried as lawful homicides can be supported by looking closely at the differ\u00ad ences between self-defense and the known cases of lawful homicide. In these cases the defendant would not necessarily admit he had killed but claim to have done it lawfully as defendants in other cases of lawful homicide (tried at the Delphinion) would do.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7471", "words": "1789", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Morrissey, Edmond J.", "title": "Victors in the Prytaneion Decree (IG I2 77)", "date": "1978", "keywords": "board; decree; line; victors", "summary": "The seventeen-letter phrase [\u20ac] VtKECOCt 70 Aom6[v] which stands at the end of the list of festivals in line 17 should be restored in the same relative position in lines 12-13; the verb [VEVtKEKaCt] should be restored at the beginning of line 12. Board is guaranteed to all victors, past and future, in lines 11-15; the same grant is repeated specifically for the benefit of hippic victors in lines 15-19.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7481", "words": "9051", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "Demos, Ecclesia and Dicasterion in Classical Athens", "date": "1978", "keywords": "aeschin; andoc; assembly; ath.pol; body; century; court; demos; dicasterion; din; ecclesia; evidence; hansen; kat; lys; oem; people; rhodes; speeches; tov; twv", "summary": "TJvatot, OV f'ovov TWV a7T0'f'T)'f'tca- , 'A \\ , ,~ .. \\ ~ I '\\ \\ , \\ ~ JLEVWV L1.l\\tJLovnwv \u20acf'ov KVptWT\u20acP OVTa Ta otKacTT)pta, al\\l\\a KaL TTJC R \\ - , ~ ~ I ~, ' f} ,. 105 \u2022 - , 'A(J A ,'\\ \\ A - \\ '.I.. ,-\u2022 \u2022 \u2022 : opaT W n 7Jva\u00a3o\u00a3, T\u00a3 (.LEI\\I\\ETE 1TO\u00a3E\u00a3V. 1TapE'7J'f'aTE 1Tapa TOV ~ ,- 106' \u2022 '-Iv!. '", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7491", "words": "2778", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Sumner, G. V.", "title": "Governors of Asia in the Nineties B.C.", "date": "1978", "keywords": "asia; caesar; governors; mrr; murena; scaevola; year", "summary": "The governor of Asia C. Labeo is almost certainly a C. Atinius Labeo. Governors of Asia in the Nineties B.C. Sumner, G V Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Jan 1, 1978; 19, 2; Periodicals Archive Online pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7501", "words": "2212", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Gero, Stephen", "title": "The Legend of Constantine V as Dragon-Slayer", "date": "1978", "keywords": "byzantine; constantine; dragon; goossens; legend; monster; story; supra; text", "summary": "The Legend of Constantine V as Dragon-Slayer Gero, Stephen Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Jan 1, 1978; 19, 2; Periodicals Archive Online pg. The Legend of Constantine V as Dragon-Slayer Stephen Gero }{ y ACCOUNT of the Byzantine iconoclastic movement of the eighth and ninth centuries must depend, for the most part, upon evidence drawn from the hostile iconophile sources; this is in particular true when one undertakes a study of the great iconoclastic emperors of the eighth century, Leo III (717-741) and Constantine V (741-775).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-751", "words": "6828", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Asmis, Elizabeth", "title": "Myth and Philosophy in Cleanthes\u2019 Hymn to Zeus", "date": "2007", "keywords": "cleanthes; good; honor; humans; hymn; lightning; logos; power; stoic; world; zeus", "summary": "93\u2013108, comes close to Thom\u2019s position by proposing that Zeus brings about a change from bad to good by bringing bad humans to an understanding of the common logos (103\u2013106). The other part (B) is that bad humans act apart from Zeus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7511", "words": "3729", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "On the Vita of St John of Gotthia", "date": "1978", "keywords": "amastris; bishop; chazars; george; gotthia; holy; john; patriarch; saint; supra; vita", "summary": "The Life of St John gives no hint that in the 780's or at the time of writing Chazars had already been converted to Judaism: that there had been hopes in John's lifetime for the conversion of Chazaria to Christianity is suggested by the eighth century Ikonoklastennotiz preserved in Paris.gr. The argument is not cogent, because the Life of St John of Gotthia (1.5) shows that Christians had fled to the chagan of the Chazars ca 785, and John himself bore witness to the faith at Phoullai (2.9).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7521", "words": "2016", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Treadgold, Warren T.", "title": "Photius on the Transmission of Texts (Bibliotheca, Codex 187)", "date": "1978", "keywords": "bibliotheca; book; henry; line; nicomachus; photius; texts", "summary": "In this book, the mathematician Nicomachus of Gerasa (ca 120-196) studiously identified the numbers from one to ten with various pagan gods and goddesses, a pursuit that Photius con\u00ad demns as paganism and silliness.2 Photius does see some value in the book, however, because it presupposed an acquaintance with the subtleties of geometry, arithmetic and astronomy, and even with music and musical instruments.3 After summarizing and disparaging Nicomachus' work in some four pages, Photius adds a few remarks, addressed, like the whole of the Bibliotheca, to his brother Tarasius, on the rarity of the Arithmetical Theology. Photius says, evidently referring to the 'Dark Ages' of the seventh and eighth centuries, that people used to discard books very casually on the ground that they were of no use, a habit which led to the destruction of m.any useful books as well as useless ones.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7531", "words": "3586", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "Wilamowitz to Zeller: Two Letters", "date": "1978", "keywords": "antigonos; berlin; dab; das; den; der; die; diels; ich; letters; mir; moellendorff; nicht; supra; ulrich; und; usener; von; wilamowitz; zeller", "summary": "Alles kann ich nicht verstehen; die Analyse liegt mir zu weit abo Aber Zeller sprach sich sehr befriedigt dariiber aus, woran Dir mehr liegen wircl als mir: Mommsen und Wilamowitz (supra n.16) 125 (no.l07). p1.8 (facing p.149); for Wilamowitz aet.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7541", "words": "7582", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Seidensticker, Bernd", "title": "Archilochus and Odysseus", "date": "1978", "keywords": "archilochus; epic; homeric; life; lines; n.6; new; odysseus; odyssey; op.cit; page; poem; poet; shield; supra", "summary": "In addition to the shield parallel, which Latte does not mention, there is the illegitimate birth, the slave mother, the marriage into a rich family (Odysseus' successful, Archilochus' not), and the restless adventurous life in wars and marauding seafaring expeditions. Latte confines his interest to the general socio-historical parallelism between the fictitious life which Odysseus designs for himself and the life of Archilochus as it has been reconstructed by ancient and modern critics.29", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7551", "words": "2005", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Gostoli, Antonietta", "title": "Some Aspects of the Theban Myth in the Lille Stesichorus", "date": "1978", "keywords": "euripides; euryganeia; jocasta; myth; oedipus; polynices; stesichorus", "summary": "This same version of the myth, canonized by Sophocles in Oedipus Rex, is accepted by Apollo\u00ad dorus (Bibl. 3.5.9), who however adds the version according to which Oedipus had his children not by Jocasta but by Euryganeia (ibid. {3 I '\\',1..' '.1. \\ ~ \\ '{} lX'f'afLEJI7] pOXOV aL7TVV a'f' V'f'7JI\\OLO fLEl\\lX pov. ...", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7561", "words": "12193", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Haslam, Michael", "title": "The Versification of the new Stesichorus (P.Lille 76abc)", "date": "1978", "keywords": "anceps; biceps; dactylo; end; epic; epitrite; form; haslam; hexameter; homer; lille; line; metre; michael; non; parsons; poem; short; stesichorean; stesichorus; syllable; verse; versification; vs.", "summary": "There is only one sure way to determine what form Stesichorus uses, and that is simply by seeing what form he avails himself of. Michael Haslam U NTIL THE PAPYRI reincarnated him, Stesichorus, like Menander, was but the shadow of a great name in the history of Greek literature.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7571", "words": "6861", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Sorum, Christina Elliott", "title": "Monsters and the Family: the Exodos of Sophocles\u2019 Trachiniae", "date": "1978", "keywords": "death; deianeira; family; father; heracles; hyllos; iole; man; monsters; mother; play; segal; son; sophocles", "summary": "Heracles' peaceful acceptance of his son's inability contrasts with his hostile resistance to Hyllos' attempts to thwart him in seeking his revenge on Deianeira (1114-42). It is Hyllos' failure to understand his father's last request that is the final indication of the irreconcilable separation between Deianeira and Hyllos, representatives of conventional human society, and Heracles.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7581", "words": "2931", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Jordan, Borimir", "title": "\u1f18\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 at Euripides\u2019 Hippolytus 160", "date": "1978", "keywords": "anchor; barrett; bed; euripides; line; phaedra; ship; word", "summary": "Barrett does so on p.192, where he makes a considerable effort on behalf of lines 159-60: \\ , ',. \\ () , I\\V7Ta\u00a3 0 Euripides Hippolytos (Berlin 1891) trans!' of lines 159-60; N. Wecklein, ed.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7591", "words": "3769", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Tar\u00e1n, Leonardo", "title": "Aristotle\u2019s Classification of Number in Metaphysics M 6, 1080a15-37", "date": "1978", "keywords": "aristotle; classification; lines; numbers; ross; units", "summary": "This interpreta\u00ad tion causes him to contend that Aristotle has omitted the belief in three different combinations of numbers and that he has confused incomparable numbers the units of which are all comparable (a, ii) with mathematical number (b) the units of which must necessarily be all comparable.5 It would be more than remarkable, however, if Aristotle were guilty of the confusion Ross ascribes to him, since in the very next chapter of Metaphysics M he states that if all the units are comparable and undifferentiated there is only mathematical number,6 whereas if all the units are incomparable this number cannot be mathematical number.7 But, because in maintaining (a, ii) he mentions mathematical number as an example of number with the units all comparable and undifferen\u00ad tiated and because after mentioning (a, iii) he goes into a rather lengthy digression to explain the difference between mathematical number and incomparable numbers such as (a, iii), he probably felt that it would be anticlimactic to mention (b) as the second and final part of his classification.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7601", "words": "3786", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Solmsen, Friedrich", "title": "Theophrastus and Political Aspects of the Belief in Providence", "date": "1978", "keywords": "aristotle; belief; gods; laws; op.cit; plato; providence; religion; supra; theophrastus", "summary": "I:' \\ \\ \\ f) ~ >II:' E'CLV OV'TOL Ka, TTEPLEXEt 'TO HOV 'T'r)V OI\\'r)V 'f'VCLV. ' The same impression is produced by passages where people engaged in sacrifices hope for EVEpYEclaL or EV1TodaL from the gods or are conscious of having received them.7 Such passages and the generally sym\u00ad pathetic approach to religion that we sense in Porphyry's extracts 6 De providentia et fato and De decem dubitationibus are both extant in Latin and have been edited by H. Boese, Procli tria opuscula (Berlin 1960).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-761", "words": "18620", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Beullens, Pieter; Gotthelf, Allan", "title": "Theodore Gaza\u2019s Translation of Aristotle\u2019s De Animalibus: Content, Influence, and Date", "date": "2007", "keywords": "allan; animalibus; aristotelis; aristotle; balme; barbaro; basel; beullens; book; century; chapter; copy; date; de animalibus; dedication; divisions; edition; est; gaza; gotthelf; greek; historia; latin; letter; library; manuscript; monfasani; nicholas; paris; pieter; pliny; pope; preface; princeps; problemata; qui; quod; qu\u00e6; renaissance; rome; sixtus; text; theodore gaza; tradition; translation; trebizond; university; venice; version; vol; work; years; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "Microsoft Word - Gaza.doc Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 47 (2007) 469\u2013513 \u00a9 2007 GRBS Theodore Gaza\u2019s Translation of Aristotle\u2019s De Animalibus: Content, Influence, and Date Pieter Beullens and Allan Gotthelf ECENT YEARS have seen important studies of Gaza\u2019s translation of the compilation of Aristotle\u2019s biological treatises Historia Animalium, De Partibus Animalium, and De Generatione Animalium, known under the name of De Animalibus.1 However, it adds a dedicatory letter to Matth\u00e4us Lang, a councillor of Emperor Maximilian,84 and a long quota- tion from the preface by Ermolao Barbaro to his translation of Themistius\u2019 paraphrasis of Aristotle\u2019s Posterior Analytics, written in 1480 and dedicated to none other than Sixtus IV, in which he includes an elaborate appraisal of Gaza\u2019s translating abil- ities: Not long ago, Your Holiness, we suffered a great and incom- parable loss in the person of Theodore Gaza.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7611", "words": "3485", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Barnes, T. D.", "title": "A Correspondent of Iamblichus", "date": "1978", "keywords": "bidez; constantine; court; cumont; emperor; iamblichus; kat; letters; licinius", "summary": "99 A Correspondent of Iamblichus T. D. Barnes THE CORRESPONDENCE of the emperor Julian, as transmitted in various manuscripts, includes six letters addressed to the philosopher Iamblichus (Epp. 181, 183-187 Bidez-Cumont).l Since Iamblichus died before Julian was born, it is impossible that the emperor could ever have written to the philosopher. Accordingly, Franz Cumont argued that these six letters, together with another two (Epp. 180, 182) and possibly another ten (Epp. 188-197), are genuine letters, which were mistakenly attributed to the emperor Julian because their real author was Julianus of Caesarea, otherwise known as a sophist active in Athens in the early fourth century.2 Joseph Bidez subsequently amplified Cumont's arguments into a study of Iamblichus and his circle which remains, after more than fifty years, the standard account of the philosopher's life.3 The central thesis of Cumont and Bidez seems as secure as the nature of the case admits, but their deductions from it need some important modifications.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7621", "words": "6240", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Barrett, John F.", "title": "The Downfall of Themistocles", "date": "1977", "keywords": "account; alcmaeon; diodorus; evidence; indictment; leobotes; pausanias; plutarch; spartans; themistocles; thucydides; trial", "summary": "Against Diodorus' account stands Plutarch's narrative (Them. 23), which is generally thought to report the events of only one proceed- 1 The L!(e of Themistocles (Montreal and London 1975) But in the next sentence Plutarch goes beyond explaining the indictment and the circumstances leading to it and relates Themistocles' reply.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7631", "words": "6352", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "West III, William C.", "title": "Hellenic Homonoia and the New Decree from Plataea", "date": "1977", "keywords": "alexander; athens; century; cities; city; decree; eleutheria; hellenes; homonoia; isocrates; plataea; propaganda; speech; war; zeus", "summary": "Internal homonoia is best accommodated by Isocrates to an epi\u00ad deictic speech or epideictic portion of a speech, but homonoia of the Hellenes is found in both an epideictic statement and a hortatory formulation. Mention of such homonoia provides a point of departure for criticizing Sparta, in terms of her management of an empire as well as her 314 HELLENIC HOMONOIA AND THE DECREE FROM PLATAEA internal politics, perceived as aiming at suppression of neighbors or local dissidents rather than reconciliation (Paneg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7641", "words": "7947", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "The Vatican Fragments of Greek Political Theory", "date": "1977", "keywords": "aly; arist; author; excellence; fragments; greek; kal; kat; ka~; keaney; office; oliver; pol; sbordone; theophrastus; theory; twv; word; yap", "summary": "\\cXC a8LKaC'TOVC 1TOL\u00ad Eiv Tj aVEv 'Tfjc a- t vaKpLCEWC OLKa- r , ' ,ELV, E1TEL KaL 'TOV- 15 'TO 1TAEovE~tav ['TLVO:] 1TOLEi 'Toic cf>LAoVLKOVCLV , 01TEP cf>ad CVf'{3at- A VELV KaL EV rn 20 E1Taprn\u00b7 'TOLyapo[ v]v -'- \\ ' CKV'Tatl.T/ ava- , ., KpLVOVCLV OV'TWC , KaL avaKpLVaV'TEC EKKaAovcLV 'Tfj 25 '-~\\ \\ wPf{- 'TOVC a/\\I\\OVC, , K'\\ , o Kat I\\E0f'EV71C . I (J \u2022 ~ \\ I 1\\ \u2022 - ~ I I KTJPVKOC fLTJ I\\EL7TEC at, Et OE fLTJ, 7TOI\\EJLOV av'TCp ~7Tap'TLa'Tac 7TpoayopEVELV.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7651", "words": "1866", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Barnes, T. D.", "title": "Two Speeches by Eusebius", "date": "1977", "keywords": "constantine; eusebius; speech; speeches", "summary": "It has been assumed that all three passages allude to the same speech: hence it seems natural to combine the second and third passages, which are almost consecutive, and to deduce from them that Eusebius presented the speech of September 335 a second time, before the 11 F. Winkelmann, Eusebius Werke 1.1 2 (GCS, 1975) 139. Hence it is chronologically impossible to argue (as several scholars have done)l1 that Eusebius composed the treatise 7 A. Harnack, Chronologie der altchristlichen Litteratur bis Eusebius II (Leipzig 1904) 117; J. Quasten, Patrology III (Utrecht and Westminster [Md.] 19(0) 326; B. Altaner and A. Stuiber, Patrologie7 (Freiburg 1966) 220. 8 A. Piganiol, L'Empire chretien (Paris 1947)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7661", "words": "9335", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Croke, Brian", "title": "Evidence for the Hun Invasion of Thrace in A.D. 422", "date": "1977", "keywords": "death; emperor; evidence; goths; helfen; hun invasion; huns; invasion; king; maenchen; olympiodorus; pannonia; priscus; rua; socrates; theodoret; theodosius; theophanes; thrace", "summary": "In eulogizing the piety of Theodosius II, Theodoret points out that God rewarded him with victories over both Huns and Persians: the Hun king Rua in\u00ad vaded Thrace and threatened to lay Constantinople low in a siege, but divine intervention put Rua and his army to flight in a blaze of destruction; while the Romans were occupied with other wars the Persians invaded, but God sent a flood to cramp the style of the Persian cavalry. Jones appears to be alone in dating this treaty to 422.16 To review the argument thus far: if we accept the common inter\u00ad pretation of the evidence already presented, we have three separate invasions of Thrace between 422 and 434: (A) that of 422, result un\u00ad known (Marcellinus); (8) an otherwise unknown invasion about 430 which resulted in the Huns being paid 350 pounds of gold annually (Priscus); (C) an otherwise unknown and destructive invasion of Thrace before 434 in which Rua threatened the imperial capital itself (Theodoret).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7671", "words": "2706", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "The Sixty Martyrs of Jerusalem", "date": "1977", "keywords": "greek; jerusalem; leo; martyrs; passio; truce; year", "summary": "Lost Greek version of Passio of L+ X Martyrs in the reign of Heraclius Extant Latin Passio of L+ X Martyrs in the reign of Heraclius I * The evidence is a Latin Passio poorly translated from Greek.9", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7681", "words": "4499", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "Nauck to Wilamowitz: Three Letters", "date": "1977", "keywords": "als; berlin; biogjahr; dass; dem; den; der; des; die; eine; fur; gomperz; herakles; ich; iii; ist; letters; mich; mir; mit; nauck; nicht; sie; supra; und; von; wie; wilamowitz; william", "summary": "Meineke, editor of the Fragmenta Comicorum Graeconlm (1838-1857), urged young Nauck to do the same for the tragedians.1s Nauck dedicated TGP (1856) to his superior: Augusto Meinekio, comiti hujus operis benevolo. noch komme.32 Mit dem herzlichsten Dank fur Ihre Freundlichkeit und mit den best en Wunschen fur Ihr Wohlbefinden empfiehlt sich Ihrem fer\u00ad neren geneigten Wohl wollen St. Petersburg 27/15 Marz33 1886 II VEREHRTESTER HERR, Ihr hochachtungsvoll ergebenster A. Nauck Wie solI ich", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7691", "words": "1409", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Hamilton, Richard", "title": "Solon 13.74ff (West)", "date": "1977", "keywords": "gods; n.5; op.cit; solon; supra", "summary": "There are three possible referents: gains, mortals or gods. The gods give ate and gain (mortals are not the cause) 133-34.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7701", "words": "8436", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "52", "author": "Conacher, D. J.", "title": "Prometheus as Founder of the Arts", "date": "1977", "keywords": "account; aeschylean; aeschylus; arts; civilization; diodorus; discovery; fire; man; men; passage; prometheus; protagoras", "summary": "In Prometheus' account we miss, for example, any enumeration of practical arts such as metal-working and tool-making, and when the discovery of metals is mentioned by Prometheus (PV 500-02), it comes right at the end of his list (after medicine and augury) and not, as in several of the late anthropologies, in sequence with other practical arts related to the discovery of fire. Secondly, Havelock regards the historical process pre\u00ad sented in Prometheus Bound as complete and fails to notice the signif\u00ad icant omission of the civic arts from Prometheus' list9-an omission which (as I shall suggest below) may have implications for the sub\u00ad sequent development of the trilogy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-771", "words": "10051", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Gibson, Craig A.", "title": "Alexander in the Tychaion: Ps.-Libanius on the Statues", "date": "2007", "keywords": "alexander; alexandria; aphthonius; building; callu; capital; column; description; founder; gods; group; hebert; middle; ps.-nicolaus; ptolemy; soter; statue; stewart; tychaion; tyche; zeus; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6; \u1f51\u03c0\u1f79\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1", "summary": "438 PS.-LIBANIUS ON THE STATUES Skipping over for the moment the phrase \u1f10\u03be \u1f11\u03c4\u1f73\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f73\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd, which I argue below positions the Founder statue relative to other statues in a group, I turn to the remainder of Ps.-Nicolaus\u2019 description of the Founder statue itself: \u1f00\u03bd\u1f73\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c6\u1f73\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a3\u03c9\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f79\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u1f79\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b4\u03b9\u1fbf \u1f67\u03bd \u1f21 \u03c0\u1f79\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u1f73\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 (\u201cHe stands, himself bearing a token of the Soter, but being borne up by the things through which the city is customarily nourished\u201d). It remains to address the position of this statue relative to other statues in the room.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7711", "words": "7966", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Kiso, Akiko", "title": "Notes on Sophocles\u2019 Epigoni", "date": "1977", "keywords": "accius; adrastus; alcmaeon; amphilochus; divine; epigoni; eriphyle; expedition; father; matricide; oracle; pearson; play; ribbeck; robert; sophocles; thersander; welcker; words", "summary": "31 Diodorus does not proceed to tell whether Alcmaeon murdered Eriphyle in accordance with the oracle (he may have thought it evident from 4.65.7) but enters into a detailed descrip- 28 When Amphiaraus found out about Eriphyle's receipt of the gift(s), he made violent accusations against her, and when he himself set out on the expedition, ordered Alcmaeon not to go to Thebes with the Epigoni CAfter-born') until he had killed his mother.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7721", "words": "9066", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Macleod, C. W.", "title": "Thucydides\u2019 Plataean Debate", "date": "1977", "keywords": "athens; case; claim; debate; lys; past; pity; plataeans; present; spartans; speakers; speech; thebans; thucydides; war", "summary": "Athens begins by acting energetically on the Plataeans' behalf (2.6.4), but when the pressure grows, she does no more than offer promises (2.73.3), which remain unfulfilled; and when there is a chance of getting the Pelo\u00ad ponnesian army away from plataea by sparing the life of a Spartan captured at Mytilene, she ign.ores it (3.36.1). 61.2 replies to 55.1; in particular l7TELO~ 7Tpoc1vaYKa~OV7O sarcastically echoes OTE B1{3aioL l{3tacav'To: the 'compulsion' causing the Plataeans to ally themselves with Athens was of their own making.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7731", "words": "1800", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Gilula, Dwora", "title": "The Mask of the Pseudokore", "date": "1977", "keywords": "bride; comedy; greek; mask; pseudokore", "summary": "247 The Mask of the Pseudokore Dwora Gilula ~ONG THE NEW COMEDY MASKS listed by Pollux, two which belong to the group classed as 'young women' are named pseudokore and hetera pseudokore and are described by him (4.152) as follows: The pseudokore is paler and her hair is bound round the front part of the head, and she resembles a newly-wedded bride. Moreover, titles of plays (such as Maccus Virgo) from literary Atellan farce, which was influenced by the themes of Greek New Comedy, suggest dressing of males in female clothes.9 4 S. Trenkner, The Greek Novella in the Classical Period (Cambridge 1958) 138.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7741", "words": "2768", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Anson, Edward M.", "title": "The Siege of Nora: A Source Conflict", "date": "1977", "keywords": "antigonus; diodorus; eumenes; nora; oath; plutarch; source", "summary": "Even though Eumenes un\u00ad doubtedly hoped to arouse the regent's fears of Antigonus, Eumenes had been reluctant in the past to enter into an agreement with Antip\u00ad ater because of their long-standing hostility (Plut. In consequence, continues Diodorus, Eumenes swore an oath of loyalty to Antigonus and was released.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7751", "words": "7742", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Riley, Mark", "title": "The Purpose and Unity of Plutarch\u2019s De genio Socratis", "date": "1977", "keywords": "daimones; discussion; epameinondas; genio; guidance; narrative; nature; plutarch; sign; simmias; socrates; soul; theanor; timarchus", "summary": "In this introductory section of De genio Plutarch has shown what he wants to consider, the details of individual human actions, and has given a specific example of how education and training can modify human nature. What makes De genio more puzzling than the Phaedo is the lack of clear connection in the former between the philosophical discussions and the narration of events.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7761", "words": "5354", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Anderson, Graham", "title": "Lucian and the Authorship of De Saltatione", "date": "1977", "keywords": "author; authorship; dancer; dancing; lucian; op.cit; salt; saltatione; supra; use; writer", "summary": "De Salt. also focuses attention on the solo performer, who figures frequently in Lucian's similes and anecdotes from the stage.9 And above all the author of De Salt. has found an entirely new angle from which to attack tragedy: instead of condemning a pageant of ranting actors, he has the opportunity to prove that even a single performer in a dumb\u00ad show can do better! It is not necessary to assume that there was a pantomime theme based on this, though the possibility is certainly not excluded; but it would be a passage which a sophist might be expected to know for other reasons as an exercise in CVYKptctC. Lucian does not use all the rest of the material which occurs in this section of De Salt., but he does exploit a cross-section of each 'block' of mythology sufficiently large to suggest that he would have been aware of the remainder.22 The author of De Salt. introduces an unusual element into the story of Polycrates, probably by confus\u00ad ing the tyrant's brother with his daughter (54): Harmon insists that Lucian knew his Herodotus too well to make such a mistake (LCL V p.261), but the version of Polycrates' death at Charon 14 is not quite accurate,23 and in the same dialogue Lucian transposes Tellus of Athens and Cleobis and Biton in Solon's list of happy men (10).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7771", "words": "4740", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Kopff, E. Christian", "title": "Nubes 1493ff: Was Socrates Murdered?", "date": "1977", "keywords": "aristophanes; cries; dale; der; die; dover; house; nubes; phrontisterion; roof; skene; socrates; strepsiades; van", "summary": "For Nubes the best, i.e. most explicit, commen\u00ad taries for the present purpose are Dover and J. van Leeuwen, Aristophanes Nubes (Leiden 1898). Ancient com\u00ad mentators on Aristophanes accepted a responsibility of this kind, and there is no good reason why a modern commentator should shirk .", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7781", "words": "6993", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "How Did the Athenian Ecclesia Vote?", "date": "1977", "keywords": "athenian; cheirotonia; count; ecclesia; evidence; hands; hansen; iii; majority; procedure; proedroi; vote; voting", "summary": "In the courts the votes were always counted with precision, and accordingly we have some information on the exact number of votes cast by the jurors: Socrates, for example, was found guilty by a majority of sixty votes (Plat. All the psephoi are dated by letter forms to the fourth century B.C. 123 124 HOW DID THE ATHENIAN ECCLESIA VOTE?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7791", "words": "3080", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Buckler, John", "title": "Plutarch and the Fate of Antalkidas", "date": "1977", "keywords": "agesilaos; antalkidas; artaxerxes; king; pelopidas; persian; plutarch; xen", "summary": "According to the com\u00ad munis opinio Antalkidas committed suicide in 367/6 after his failure to dissuade King Artaxerxes from supporting Pelopidas and the Thebans in their efforts to sponsor a Common Peace.1 Alternative views are few. These conditions do not fit the requirements of Plutarch's testimony in the Artaxerxes, and another date for Antalkidas' death must be sought.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7801", "words": "2191", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "O'Sullivan, James N.", "title": "Notes on Dio Chrysostom", "date": "1977", "keywords": "dio; highet; kal; kat; tovc", "summary": "A 0 ., , t KaL aKOl\\anaC, OVOELC avrcp 1TPOCEtXEV OVOE EKEI\\EVEV LaC aL aV'TOV, OVO , \\ \\ \\ '.1. \\ .,.. , \u2022 A ~ \\ , f, , - \\ \u2022 \u2022 Ka'Tv-oyOOlTJC OVV Ei'EyOVEL avrcp OLa 'Tovrwv a1TaV'TWV EVaJ\\W'TOC WV, II t' _ \\ \\ \\' 8 A , , ,- \\ a'TE OELVCP TTJV 1TOI\\EI-'LKTJV 'TEXVYJV' WC'TE appwv a1TTJV'TTJCEV avrcp Ka'Ta , \\ t \\ \\ \\ - \\ \u2022 .I. ' , , I-'ECOV 'TO 1TEOLOV.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-781", "words": "4567", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Heckel, Waldemar", "title": "Nicanor Son of Balacrus", "date": "2007", "keywords": "alexander; antigonus; antipater; arr; balacrus; cassander; diod; heckel; nicanor; phila; philip; son", "summary": "I know of no other inscriptional evidence in which somatophylax is used to mean hypaspistes, and since we know that three of the four Somatophylakes of Philip III were relatives of Somatophylakes of Alexander the Great, the possibility that a son of Balacrus the Somatophylax served Alexander IV in a similar capacity becomes more attractive. For Balacrus son of Nicanor see Arr.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7811", "words": "9209", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Holum, Kenneth G.", "title": "Pulcheria\u2019s Crusade A.D. 421-22 and the Ideology of Imperial Victory", "date": "1977", "keywords": "a.d; anthemius; christian; coins; constantinople; cross; crusade; emperor; empire; golgotha; infra; op.cit; paris; persian; pulcheria; roman; socr; socrates; solidi; sozomen; supra; symbolism; theodosius; time; victory; war", "summary": "Solidi with Victory standing left holding a long jeweled cross re\u00ad called Christ's victory on Golgotha, while the Golgotha cross of 420-21 promised Theodosius victory over the Persians. The unwarlike Theodosius II made war not to defend the Empire but to become master of victory, and, as will be seen, to strengthen the dynastic pretensions of his sister Pulcheria Augusta.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7821", "words": "3283", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Hohlfelder, Robert L.", "title": "Trans-Isthmian Walls in the Age of Justinian", "date": "1977", "keywords": "a.d; century; clement; date; greece; justinian; op.cit; procopius; supra; wall", "summary": "The earlier trans-Isthmian wall has not. 4 R. J. H. Jenkins and H. Megaw, Researches at Isthmia, BSA 32 (1931-32) 68-89, particu\u00ad larly pp.78-79 the trans-Isthmian wall ... is the work of Justinian; H. N. Fowler, Corinth I: Introduction, Topography, Architecture (Princeton 1932) 55; for references to the various trans-Isthmian walls, see Paul A. Clement, The Date of the Hexamilion, Studies in Memory of Basil Laourdas (Thessaloniki 1975) 159 n.1.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7831", "words": "7932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Buttrey, T. V.", "title": "\u1f59\u03c0\u03bf- in Aristophanes and \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2", "date": "1977", "keywords": "actor; answer; answerer; argument; aristophanes; attic; lsj; meaning; passage; question; reply; response; sense; socrates; strepsiades; word", "summary": "This assortment of V7TO- words from Aristophanes illustrates the persistence of the sense 'in response or reaction'. The clearest examples of the 'answerer-actor', as we might term him, are the messengers who bring to the scene information from without and who relate it in response to the queries of the first actor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7841", "words": "3229", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Cole, J. W.", "title": "Not Alexander but Perdikkas (Dem. 23.200 and 13.24)", "date": "1977", "keywords": "alexander; athens; demosthenes; fact; hoffman; perdikkas; war", "summary": "It is very doubtful that anyone in the audience knew that either Alexander I or Perdikkas II had received any reward from Athens, leave alone what it was. Not Alexander but Perdikkas (Dem. 23.200 and 13.24) Cole, J W Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1977; 18, 1; Periodicals Archive Online pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7851", "words": "4364", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Smart, J. D.", "title": "Catalogues in Thucydides and Ephorus", "date": "1977", "keywords": "allies; athenian; catalogues; diodorus; ephorus; infantry; kat; thucydides", "summary": "J. B. Alberti (Rome 1972). 2 Of subsequent editors only Marchant 142 has followed Steup in deleting ol lvTJc lcOp.oV. 3 Steup II p.24, followed by Gomme II p.ll, sought to excuse this omission by main\u00ad taining that Thucydides normally used AOKPOt and AOKptC without further qualification to mean only the eastern, i.e. Opuntian and Epicnemidian, Locrians. Various editors, including Gomme II pp.272-77, have persevered against all reason in believing 3.17 to have been written by Thucydides.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7861", "words": "11957", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "How Often Did the Ecclesia Meet?", "date": "1977", "keywords": "aeschin; aeschines; assembly; council; days; decree; demosthenes; ecclesia; ecclesia elaph; elaph; envoys; meeting; number; people; period; philip; prytany; year", "summary": ", cvvayovCLv KaL 'TTjV OVI\\TjV KaL 'TOV OTjfLOV\u00b7 TTjV fLEV OVV OVI\\TjV ocaL TjfL\u20acpaL, 7T),~V EaV 'TLC acpEcLfLoc n, TOV DE MjfLov TETpaKLC 'Tfjc 7TpVTaV\u20ac{ac EKaCTTjC. All scholars hold that Aristotle is referring to ordinary meetings of the assembly, but this interpretation is not warranted by the text. But this reconstruction is incompatible with Aeschines' information that the number of \u20acKKATjcla, CVyKATjTO' exceeded the number of ordinary meetings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7871", "words": "5561", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Soloman, Jon", "title": "Orestes 344-45: Colometry and Music", "date": "1977", "keywords": "crusius; greek; instrumental; line; music; note; orestes; papyrus; pohlmann; sigma; text", "summary": "In other strophic poetry preserved on papyri, line lengths often vary, with resulting irregular left or right marginsP Consequently a variation in line-length in this papyrus should not disturb us, nor should extension of a line farther to the right or left of other lines. Hunger and Pohlmann were plainly mistaken in placing contiguous musical notes PZ over the double epsilons that they restored to the right of the surviving text.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7881", "words": "5612", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Bagnall, Roger S.", "title": "Price in \u2018Sales on Delivery\u2019", "date": "1977", "keywords": "advance; cent; contract; delivery; documents; interest; kind; loan; money; price; rate; sales; text; wine", "summary": "Scholars have generally adopted terms like 'sale on delivery', 'sale with deferred delivery' or 'advance sale' to describe this type of text.1 Such termi\u00ad nology, however, is not very descriptive of these documents, for their language and terminology is closely similar to that of loan contracts, not of sales, and indeed some scholars have called them loans. It rested largely on the absence of stated price in most contracts, and as a more plausible explana~ tion of this phenomenon can be and has been advanced (cf infra p.94) , there is no real basis for Rabel's theory.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7891", "words": "5893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "On the Vita of St Stephen the Younger", "date": "1977", "keywords": "boor; constantine; date; deacon; kat; life; martyrdom; op.cit; saint; st stephen; stephani; stephen; supra; theophanes; vita", "summary": "The Vita of St Stephen the Younger, who suffered martyrdom in the reign of the emperor Constantine V, was written by Stephen the Deacon. The &8A'I'}(lC also states &Moc OE (TEcPavoc ov6p.an Elc (ovyOlav ifop,,8Elc Kal 1ToMo~c dxP\u00a3A~cac, TEAoc icx\u00a3 'TOU f3lov, and this Stephen can hardly be Bishop Stephen of Surozh, who was not an exile there.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7901", "words": "8394", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Stanley, Keith", "title": "The R\u00f4le of Aphrodite in Sappho Fr. 1", "date": "1976", "keywords": "aphrodite; epic; homeric; iliad; language; line; love; lyric; marzullo; n.3; op.cit; page; poem; present; privitera; saake; sappho; supra; supra n.3; time", "summary": "(supra n.34) 76: Aphrodite is the unconscious personification of the self-critical faculty of her personality which stands aside and views with detached amuse\u00ad ment the appetitive element of her nature ... :' Cf Sappho 22.15, where, though the text is uncertain, there may be reference to a criticism by Aphrodite of Sappho's prayers (West, op.cit. 305 The Role of Aphrodite in Sappho Fr. 1 Keith Stanley SAPPHO'S Hymn to Aphrodite, standing so near to the beginning of our evidence for the religious and poetic traditions it embodies, remains a locus of disagreement about the function of the goddess in the poem and the degree of seriousness intended by Sappho's plea for her help.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-791", "words": "4893", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Jones, Christopher P.", "title": "Procopius of Gaza and the Water of the Holy City", "date": "2007", "keywords": "anastasius; aqueducts; century; church; city; emperor; gaza; hierapolis; holy; jerusalem; level; procopius; water; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd", "summary": "But at the time of Procopius\u2019 speech this dispute lay in the future, and Jerusalem took first place in his catalogue of cities favored by the emperor.34 April, 2007 Department of the Classics Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 cjones@fas.harvard.edu 33 Cyr. Scyth. On the Madaba Map Jerusalem is marked with this same phrase, and a mosaic at the eighth- century church of St. Stephen, Umm er-Rasas, shows \u201ca succession of major cities, all of which lie to the west of the Jordan River [and] begin with the holy city of Jerusalem at the top, in the place of honor and identified only as the holy city, hagia polis\u2014much as it is in Arabic today, al-quds.\u201d15", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7911", "words": "2849", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Sumner, Graham V.", "title": "Philippicus, Anastasius II and Theodosius III", "date": "1976", "keywords": "anastasius; date; leo; philippicus; theodosius; theophanes; year", "summary": "Philippicus, Anastasius II and Theodosius III Sumner, Graham V Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1976; 17, 3; ProQuest pg. 287 Philippicus, Anastasius II and Theodosius III Graham V. Sumner T HE CRITICAL PERIOD between the overthrow of Justinian II in A.D. 711 and the elevation of Leo III in 717 saw a succession of three men briefly occupying the throne of Byzantium: Bar\u00ad danes or Vardanes (Philippicus), Artemius (Anastasius II) and Theo\u00ad dosius (III). Theodosius III The elevation of Theodosius to supersede Anastasius has a some\u00ad what whimsical appearance in Theophanes (and to a lesser extent in Nicephorus following the same source).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7921", "words": "2837", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "A Porphyrogenitan Portulan", "date": "1976", "keywords": "a1to; bonn; crete; distance; ewc; jlli\\.; kat; miles; portulan; stadiodromikon", "summary": "A meteorological treatise for sailors has been convincingly connected with his naval studies prior to the campaign of 949,23 and Constan\u00ad tine's concern with such topics is plain from his own reference in an Appendix to De Cerimoniis24 to a work by his own hand: /3\u00a3/3Atov TO , I. ~ , I ~ I r '\\ t ~ I , ~ 7T\u20acP\u00a3\u20acXOV 7T\u20acP\u00a3 \u20acvo\u20ac UtC KClt X\u20ac\u00a3f-Lwvoc KClt <:,a,,'7c, V\u20acTOV T\u20ac Ka\u00a3 aCTpa7Twv IQ ~ ' ',I.. ~ I , Q \\' I Ka\u00a3 fJPOVTWV Ka\u00a3 aV\u20acf-Lwv \u20ac7T\u00a3'!'opac. I ., X' \\' X' ., ~ , JLLI\\. P \u2022 a1TO J.Ylt'TVI\\1V1}e Ewe tOV JLLI\\. p \u2022 a1TO tOV Ewe 6.J aJLov \\ , , , - ~, ., 'rn I , \\' , JLLI\\. P \u2022 a7TO 77JC 6.J aJLov EWC 'TOVC '\u00a5ovpJlove JLLI\\. 1\\ \u2022 a7TO 'TOve rn , 7\\T (;' \\,., 7\\T~(;' ' T , '\u00a5OVPJlOVC EWC Ha~tac JLLI\\. 0 \u2022 a7TO H'-bLac EWC 77JJI 10V JLLI\\. 1\\ \u2022 , , , T 'QI \\ t.::'I 1 \\ I , , \\ a7TO 77JV 10Jl Ewe 77JJI It'J''1pav Kat It'J''1paCLaJl", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7931", "words": "2786", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Stinton, T. C. W.", "title": "The Riddle at Colonus", "date": "1976", "keywords": "colonus; gift; nereids; poseidon; riddle; ship; word", "summary": "This is normally taken to mean simply that Poseidon gave Athens glory in two spheres, horses and the sea, in the one by inventing the Xa'\\tv&c, in the other by letting ships cross the sea propelled by human hand. The gift of Poseidon which gave Athens glory as horsemen is then the XaALJI(>C. But xaALJl6e has another meaning besides bridle: in the context of ships it means anchor or mooring-cable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7941", "words": "5734", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Kroll, John H.", "title": "Aristophanes\u2019 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03af\u03b1: A Reply", "date": "1976", "keywords": "aristophanes; athenian; athens; bronze; coinage; coins; dies; drachms; giovannini; hoard; silver; supra; tetradrachms", "summary": "For instance, he emphasizes (p.186) that Aristophanes speaks only of bronze money, xaAKLa, xaAKovc etc., never of plated bronze (throxaAKoc). At Ecclesia~usae 814 Chremes tells how he sold some grapes, put his bronze change in his cheek, and was about to buy some barley when the herald announced that bronze coins were no longer acceptable.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7951", "words": "4464", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Westlake, H. D.", "title": "Reelection to the Ephorate?", "date": "1976", "keywords": "board; ephorate; ephors; lysander; office; op.cit; reelection; spartan; supra", "summary": "The case is that of Endius, who is known from Thucydides (8.6.3) to have served as ephor in 413/2 and is generally believed to be named in two interpolated passages of Xenophon, Hellenica (2.3.1 and 10) as eponymous ephor for 404/3. Some Spartiates seem to have used the ephorate as a rung on the ladder leading to other appointments: Aracus, eponymous ephor in 409/8, was nominally nauarchos in 405/4 because Lysander could not legally hold this office for a second term, and in 398 he was sent on a mission to Asia.26 Similarly Diphridas, ephor in 395/4 (Plut.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7961", "words": "7016", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Griffiths, F. T.", "title": "Theocritus\u2019 Silent Dioscuri", "date": "1976", "keywords": "apollonius; castor; dioscuri; duel; episode; hymn; lines; lynceus; muses; op.cit; poet; polydeuces; style; supra; theocritus; twins", "summary": "Like Callimachus in his Hymns,31 Theocritus does not normally invoke the Muses as he does here. Theocritus' Silent Dioscuri Griffiths, F T Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1976; 17, 4; ProQuest pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7971", "words": "534", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Imperial Commissioners Again", "date": "1976", "keywords": "city; epimelete", "summary": "Poficpoe squeezed in between lines just after the title iepevc 'A7T(~AAWVOe A7JAtov, and from InseT. de Delos 2538, in which C. Musonius Rufus is mentioned as lifelong priest of the Delian Apollo and epimelete of holy Delos under Antoninus Pius. Now C. Musonius Rufus, epimelete of the city under Antoninus Pius, shows that the office did continue and with distinguished incumbents after Hadrian.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7981", "words": "6296", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Clarke, W. M.", "title": "The Manuscript of Straton\u2019s Musa Puerilis", "date": "1976", "keywords": "anthology; aubreton; cephalas; epigrams; manuscript; order; page; poems; straton", "summary": "Some of these epigrams are not paederastic (83, 114, 147, 153, 173; in 53, 82, 113, 131, 161 the neuter diminutive of a girl's name seems to have been mistaken for a boy's); other epigrams are not clearly paederastic or heterosexual (e.g., 32, 98, 100, 103f, 115, 117, 172). German and French scholars, while paying more attention to the Anthology than others have done, have-with one exception-hardly gone further in recent years than to observe that most of the poems in AP 12 are not Straton's and to attempt to bring order and identity out of the hodgepodge of epigrams other than his.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-7991", "words": "4699", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Miller, Timothy S.", "title": "The Plague in John VI Cantacuzenus and Thucydides", "date": "1976", "keywords": "account; bubonic; byzantine; cantacuzenus; description; disease; emperor; plague; pneumonic; sch; symptoms; thucydides", "summary": "There is no doubt that Cantacuzenus is describing an epidemic of bubonic plague. Neither classicists nor medical historians have reached agree\u00ad ment concerning the nature of the Athenian disease, but modern research has definitely eliminated bubonic plague as a possible agent in the destruction of 430 B.C.6 Rather the Thucydidean epidemic seems to have been a viral infection such as smallpox.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8001", "words": "4495", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "83", "author": "Knauer, Elfriede R.", "title": "Fragments of a Cup by the Triptolemos Painter", "date": "1976", "keywords": "arm; arv; cup; douris; fig; freiburg; left; mawr; painter; plate; right; triptolemos", "summary": "A boy standing in front of a seated youth or man would normally have his feet side by side, e.g. ARV 365,64 (Triptolemos Painter); for Douris see ARV 431,48. This cup will be discussed in detail in a projected monograph on the Triptolemos Painter.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-801", "words": "3218", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "54", "author": "Calder III, William M.; Heilen, Stephan", "title": "David E. Pingree: An Unpublished Autobiography", "date": "2007", "keywords": "brown; calder; david; harvard; history; iii; institute; manuscripts; pingree", "summary": "515\u2013523 \u00a9 2007 GRBS David E. Pingree: The nine students in alphabetical order were:6 William M. Calder III, Andrew Thomas Cole, Henry Steele Commager, James A. Coulter, Robert J. Goar, David E. Pingree, Michael C. J. Putnam, Ken- 1 Professor Nino Luraghi, Editor of Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, declined publication of David Pingree\u2019s autobiography.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8011", "words": "1161", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Dickie, Matthew W.", "title": "Thucydides, not Philistus", "date": "1976", "keywords": "nicias; passage; thucydides", "summary": "217 Thucydides, not Philistus Matthew W. Dickie E CHRISTIAN KOPFF has argued that the passage giving the reasons for Nicias' lack of success at Syracuse at Thucydides 7.42.3 is not \u2022 Thucydides but a fragr:nent of Philisrus which has crept into the text from the margin. In fact, according to Thucydides' own account, the Athenians had spent part of the winter in Naxos as well as Catana (6.74.2, 75.2, 88.3 and 5), and shortly after the onset of the winter of 415 B.C. they had attacked Syracuse (6.63-71).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8021", "words": "595", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Kopff, E. Christian", "title": "Philistus Still", "date": "1976", "keywords": "philistus; thucydides", "summary": "The remarks may have been spoken in direct dis\u00ad course by Demosthenes, Menander or Euthydemus; the latter two are important figures in Philistus' account but are hardly mentioned by Thucydides. We know that Philistus differed from Thucydides on material points (pp.27-28).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8031", "words": "4935", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Perlman, S.", "title": "On Bribing Athenian Ambassadors", "date": "1976", "keywords": "ambassadors; bribe; bribery; demosthenes; embassy; gifts; greek; op.cit; supra; taking", "summary": "Since the bribing of ambassadors is connected almost exclusively with embassies to Persia and Macedon, the foundations or the alle\u00ad gations on which the accusations of accepting bribes from the kings are made ought to be carefully examined. Though there may have been general consensus that there was no harm in accepting customary gifts, this may have served as an excuse for accusations of accepting bribes by ambassadors.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8041", "words": "5149", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "The Theoric Fund and the graphe paranomon against Apollodorus", "date": "1976", "keywords": "apollodorus; demosthenes; fund; law; money; n.l; supra; surplus; theoric; theoric fund", "summary": "235 The Theoric Fund and the graphe paranomon against Apollodorus Mogens Herman Hansen O NE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT sources for the history of the Theoric Fund is the first part of the speech Against Neaera (Oem. 59.3-8). In the speech Against Neaera Apollodorus refers to a law prescrib\u00ad ing that the surplus of the administration in times of war shall be paid out as crpCXnW'TLKa, whereas all the other sources, including the law paraphrased by Libanius, concern the transference of money from the Theoric Fund to the Stratiotic Fund.19", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8051", "words": "9780", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Drew-Bear, Thomas", "title": "Local Cults in Graeco-Roman Phrygia", "date": "1976", "keywords": "altar; apollo; bear; bullepigr; dedication; drew; figure; inscription; line; mama; museum; op.cit; phrygia; plate; region; relief; right; robert; shaft; stele; supra; village; zeus", "summary": "The altar has projecting mouldings at top and bottom, with two acroteria flanking a cylindrical upper portion decorated by a tendril with three leaves above three 1 See the announcements of this corpus by L. Robert in his Discours d'introduction at the VI Int. 3 See for this region the map of Philippson conveniently reproduced by L. Robert, Nonnos et les monnaies d'Akmonia de Phrygie, JSav 1975, fig.5; on the Doiantos Pedion see pp.182-85. 247 248 LOCAL CULTS IN GRAECO-ROMAN PHRYGIA spirals; the inscription begins on the upper moulding and continues on the shaft.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8061", "words": "8176", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Cameron, Alan", "title": "Theodorus \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2", "date": "1976", "keywords": "arch; basilica; cameron; church; city; constantinople; consul; justin; justinian; malalas; man; op.cit; prefecture; speck; supra; temple; theodorus", "summary": "Who, then, was Theodorus, what was this arptc in the Basilica, and when and where did he build it? All three lemmata refer to just one wplc, and we should probably conclude that what Theodorus built was one fourfold arch.6 That is not quite the end of the matter, however.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8081", "words": "2500", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Rigsby, Kent J.", "title": "Teiresias as Magus in Oedipus Rex", "date": "1976", "keywords": "euripides; magi; magus; oedipus; sophocles; teiresias; term; word", "summary": "These Magi are neither magicians nor charlatans, but 'king-makers', conspiring to manipulate political power. For there were several words avail\u00ad able to Euripides to convey the meaning of 'sorcerer'.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8091", "words": "8782", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Hansen, Mogens Herman", "title": "How Many Athenians Attended the Ecclesia?", "date": "1976", "keywords": "agora; assemblies; assembly; athenians; century; citizens; decrees; dem; democracy; meeting; people; pnyx; quorum; sources", "summary": "M1JoE 7TEpt TWV aTtJLWV, 07TWC XP7] \u20ac7TLTLJLoVC , \\ l: <:'\\ \\ - '.J. \\' - \u00a31 A - <:' ' So, the statement that 'plenary assemblies' were held in the Agora in the classical period is not based on any evidence.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-81", "words": "7233", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Kamesar, Adam", "title": "The Logos Endiathetos and the Logos Prophorikos in Allegorical Interpretation: Philo and the D-Scholia to the Iliad", "date": "2004", "keywords": "anger; interpretation; ka\u2039; logos; logos prophorikos; moses; paideia; philo; philosophy; prophorikos; rhetoric; scholia; scholium; supra; view", "summary": "\u00cdp\u00da to\u00catvn d\u00a2 \u00e9mfot\u00b0rvn fhs\u2039n dey\u221enai t\u00dan \u00d6Arh, tout\u00b0stin t\u00dan yum\u00d2n, ka\u2039 \u00a7p\u2039 pol\u00c1 basanisy\u221e- nai, \u00a7peid\u00d8 ofl \u00a7n paide\u00a4& l\u00d2goi \u00a7kpaide\u00caousi ka\u2039 \u00a7kdid\u00e3skousi to\u00c1w \u00e9nyr\u2248pouw kat\u00b0xein m\u00a2n \u00d9rg\u00d8n ka\u2039 \u00a7piyum\u00a4an, \u00a5kista d\u00a2 yum\u201c xr\u221esyai.7 But it is better [to suppose] that the poet desires to impart philosophical lessons throughout this segment, as throughout the poem as a whole. t\u00dan d\u00a2 \u00a7ndi\u00e3yeton ka\u2039 \u00a7k f\u00casevw parep\u00d2menon to\u203aw \u00e9nyr\u2248poiw", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8101", "words": "9750", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Vergados, Athanassios", "title": "Shifting Focalization in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes: the Case of Hermes\u2019 Cave", "date": "2011", "keywords": "1\u201325; apollo; athanassios; cave; description; divine; dwelling; focalization; god; gods; hermes; homeric; hymn; maia; palace; poem; poet; status; studies; temple; vergados; zeus; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "1128 and 1130 that explicitly refers to portions of meat Hermes had consumed. Furthermore, the poet prefaces this description of the cave with a description of its surroundings, essentially a locus amoenus reminiscent of the surroundings of Calypso\u2019s cave which (interestingly) Hermes visits in Odyssey 5.24 22 Cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-811", "words": "4691", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Reece, Steve", "title": "Homer\u2019s Asphodel Meadow", "date": "2007", "keywords": "asphodel; dead; flower; formula; greek; hades; meadow; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76; \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd\u03b1; \u1f00\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u1f78\u03bd; \u1f00\u03c3\u03c6\u1f79\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2", "summary": "Tennyson\u2019s \u201cLotos-Eaters\u201d 169 \u201cothers in Elysian valleys dwell, resting weary limbs at last on beds of asphodel\u201d; Longfellow\u2019s Evangeline 2.4.149 \u201chereafter crown us with asphodel flowers\u201d; \u201cThe Two Angels\u201d 13 \u201che who wore the crown of asphodels, descending, at my door began to knock\u201d; Wilde\u2019s \u201cPanthea\u201d 34 \u201cWhere asphodel and yellow lotus twine\u201d; Williams quoted above. Milton\u2019s Comus 838 \u201cTo imbathe in nec- tar\u2019d lavers strew\u2019d with asphodil\u201d; Paradise Lost 9.1039 \u201cFlowers were the couch, pansies, and violets, and asphodel, and hyacinth, earth\u2019s freshest softest lap\u201d; Browne\u2019s Hydriotaphia 37 \u201cThe dead are made to eat asphodels about the Elyzian medows\u201d; Carlyle\u2019s Sartor Resartus 1.11 \u201cIs that a real Elysian brightness?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8111", "words": "4369", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Burnett, Anne Pippin", "title": "Servants of Peitho: Pindar fr.122", "date": "2011", "keywords": "aphrodite; corinth; greek; peitho; pindar; prostitutes; song; studies; women; xenophon", "summary": "20 At its close, this song announces its occasion: it means to commemorate the action of a certain Xenophon (probably the victor of Pindar\u2019s Ol. 3) who, in response to her happy fulfill- ment of his prayers, now brings a group of young women to Aphrodite (18\u201320). III 4 (1996) 60: \u201cThis single figure, then, unites the poem\u2019s opening (the hierodules as \u2018young women\u2019) and its close (the hierodules as sacrificial \u2018herd\u2019). \u201d", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8121", "words": "9607", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Trivigno, Franco V.", "title": "Philosophy and the Ordinary: On the Setting of Plato\u2019s Lysis", "date": "2011", "keywords": "61\u201385; conversation; dialogue; friendship; good; greek; hippothales; love; lysis; philosophical; philosophy; plato; prologue; setting; socrates; studies; way", "summary": "Both our conception of love and of love\u2019s ultimate object needs to be radically reoriented if the desires implicit in ordinary love are ever to be genuinely satisfied. However, as Socrates makes clear, until one understands the first friend\u2014the friend in the primary sense\u2014 one will fail to understand ordinary friendships.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8131", "words": "9513", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Baron, Christopher A.", "title": "The Delimitation of Fragments in Jacoby\u2019s FGrHist: Some Examples from Duris of Samos", "date": "2011", "keywords": "86\u2013110; athenaeus; bnj; citation; commentary; duris; fact; fragments; greek; herodotus; history; jacoby; lenfant; plutarch; pownall; sentence; studies; text; work; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Th\u00e9opompe, Duris, Phylarque (Paris 1989) 255\u2013 90 THE DELIMITATION OF FRAGMENTS \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011) 86\u2013110 2011 Christopher A. Baron The Delimitation of Fragments in Jacoby\u2019s FGrHist: Some Examples from Duris of Samos Christopher A. Baron ELIX JACOBY\u2019S Die Fragmente der Griechischen Historiker provides an indispensable tool for the study of Greek historical writing in all periods and for nearly every historian.1", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8141", "words": "8168", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Brouwer, Ren\u00e9", "title": "Polybius and Stoic Tyche", "date": "2011", "keywords": "beings; brouwer; cause; force; human; machiavelli; notion; person; polybius; principle; reason; sage; stoics; studies; svf; tyche; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "These two aspects, first tyche used as a term to refer to a force, and second the lack of understanding that goes with this usage, both to be found at the level of the inferior person, will have to be kept in mind in considering the notion of tyche in Polybius. Polybius uses the notion of tyche in a variety of senses too: in Hadwig Helm\u2019s article in the Polybios-Lexikon, nine columns are filled with occurrences of this word, in what at first sight appears to be a bewildering variety of meanings.2 Various attempts have been made to come to terms with Polybius\u2019s use of tyche.3 Among these, two interpretations seem to be particularly influential: the first, most eloquently formulated by de Roveri, is that tyche is best characterised in a negative manner, as \u201cthe unknown in his- tory.\u201d4", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8151", "words": "7914", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Adler, Eric", "title": "Cassius Dio\u2019s Livia and the Conspiracy of Cinna Magnus", "date": "2011", "keywords": "adler; augustus; boudica; cassius; cassius dio; cinna; clemency; conspiracy; dialogue; dio; e.g.; greek; history; livia; oration; roman; seneca; studies; women; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Dio\u2019s Livia We may, however, be able to determine important informa- tion about Cassius Dio and his thought from the ways in which his account transforms the conspiracy story found in Seneca.23 As a result, scholars have tended to portray Livia\u2019s message in Dio\u2019s dia- logue as corresponding unproblematically to the views of the historian.4 To some, in fact, Dio\u2019s Livia oration itself testifies to the existence of a pro-Livia historiographical tradition.5 This article addresses this important topic.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8161", "words": "3882", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Pachoumi, Eleni", "title": "Divine Epiphanies of Paredroi in the Greek Magical Papyri", "date": "2011", "keywords": "angel; divine; forms; god; goddess; greek; magician; pnouthis; spell; woman", "summary": "Two Entities Conclusions Reviewing this phenomenological study of epiphanies of the paredroi, as the spell itself and as a god or goddess revealed as another entity, we can return to the initial question of how the terms paredros and god are being used in the Pnouthis spell and the comparative material: is it right to claim that \u201cthe god\u201d and \u201cthe angel\u201d are used interchangeably and are effectively synonyms? ELENI PACHOUMI 163 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 51 (2011) 155\u2013165 and the old woman will flee without a trace.26 Here, the motif of a god or goddess assuming various forms, already examined in the previous spells, is simplified, by ascrib- ing to the goddess human forms.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8171", "words": "4667", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Fern\u00e1ndez, Tom\u00e1s", "title": "Remarks on Editing a Byzantine Anthology", "date": "2011", "keywords": "anthology; archetype; autograph; editor; greek; reading; source; text; \u03ba\u03f0\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Correct reading of the anthology also present in the source. Shared readings.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8181", "words": "5602", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Burstein, Stanley M.", "title": "Alexander, Callisthenes and the Sources of the Nile", "date": "1976", "keywords": "account; alexander; book; callisthenes; egypt; ethiopia; expedition; fgrhist; flood; john; lucan; lydian; naturales; nile; op.cit; rains; seneca; sources; supra", "summary": "Furthermore, the state of affairs in Nubia had been of critical importance since the beginning of Egyptian history.5o As the new ruler of Egypt Alexander could not avoid that reality, especially in view of the instability of the southern frontier during the last decade of Persian rule in Egypt. According to John, Callisthenes the Peripatetic states in the fourth book of his Hellenica that he cam\u00ad paigned with Alexander the Macedonian and while in Ethiopia he dis\u00ad covered that the Nile flooded from the unlimited rains in that re\u00ad gion.ll", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8191", "words": "2914", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Meritt, Benjamin D.", "title": "Normal Lengths of Prytany in the Athenian Year", "date": "1976", "keywords": "days; meritt; op.cit; prytanies; prytany; year", "summary": "The last day of Boedromion was the 88th day of the year (29+ 30+ 29), and this was equated with the 28th day of the third prytany (30+ 30+ 28). 30 29 30 29 30 30=178 days 35 35 35 35 35+ 3=178 days [l]W[Voc]; fr.5 [V7r\u20ac1cX\u20ac'TO 'T6 M\u20acL7TnlPLOV ... 14.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8621", "words": "7053", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "79", "author": "Papadakis, Aristeides", "title": "Gregory II of Cyprus and an Unpublished Report to the Synod", "date": "1975", "keywords": "beccus; gregory; kal; kat; lov; mark; migne; ola; pachym; patriarch; report; son; spirit; supra; synod; tov; twv", "summary": "'\\ /LECOV a~avEv 'T7JC CTJC OLaLpECEWC, KaL 7Tapa KpELCCOVOC 7J Ka'Ta CE ()\u20acOAOYOV, <'TOV> CWTfjpOC ~/LWV, \u20aclca'YofL\u20acVOV; \u20acl /L~ ~V cpWv7}V \u20acK\u20actVT}V ~ ~ 'c ~\\ , \\ , ~ \\ \\, ~ lJ' H \\ n ~ , 'TWV CWV ESELI\\EC EvayyEI\\LWV, OLa TTJV TpLTTJV COV OLaU7JK'TJV, TO vEvfLa TO N ~ , .... n ' I 6 C\\ 8' tI 7 \\ ,. I \\' '() , \\ \\ , '\\ A Y' A , , ()' A V17'ap<;;\u20acWC 'TOV I\\oyov 'TL 7jCLV. al\\l\\", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8631", "words": "4355", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "89", "author": "Marcovich, Miroslav", "title": "A New Poem of Archilochus: P.Colon. inv. 7511", "date": "1975", "keywords": "archilochus; girl; line; merkelbach; phrase; poem; scripsi; west", "summary": "K[Jwv riKw] M-W: K[Jwv reK7Jt] Grone\u00ad wald, Koenen and Treu. rwc wc7Tep ~ Kvwv : cf line 31 : rwc WeT\u00a3 VE,BP.[Oc:], and Archil. And to tell thee no long tale, dear Moon ... ) recurs in the Greek Anthology, 5.128 (Marcus Argen\u00ad tarius): ~ I \\ I - ~, J \\ \\ , I ..:;..", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8641", "words": "4041", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Mattingly, Harold B.", "title": "The Mysterious 3000 Talents of the First Kallias Decree", "date": "1975", "keywords": "athena; b.c; bradeen; kallias; op.cit; supra; talents; treasurers", "summary": "Beloch, RhM 43 (1888) 188ff, and Griechische Geschichte2 11.2 (Strassburg 1916) 18 3000 TALENTS OF THB FIRST KALLIAS DECREE The real stumbling-block against dating Kallias 422/1 B.c. remains, the 3000 talents which were taken up to Athena shortly before he proposed his decrees. We must not hope to understand everything, however, and dating Kallias 422/1 B.c. creates no real problem.36 UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS june, 1974 \u2022\u2022 See my case in ProcAfrCA 7 {1964) 40 and BCH 92 (1968) 450f.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8651", "words": "8086", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Westlake, H. D.", "title": "Xenophon and Epaminondas", "date": "1975", "keywords": "action; army; battle; cavalry; epaminondas; gods; mantinea; military; peloponnese; sparta; theban; thebes; xenophon", "summary": "This conclusion has much to recommend it, though the Achaean aristocrats may well have de\u00ad ceived Epaminondas when convincing him of their loyalty to Thebes; but it is evidently based to some extent upon knowledge of other con\u00ad flicts between Epaminondas and his own government to which Xenophon nowhere makes any reference. 346s-c Epaminondas challenged his enemies to battle, but they refused because they were awaiting the arrival of their Athenian allies.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8661", "words": "4680", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "60", "author": "Errington, R. M.", "title": "Arybbas the Molossian", "date": "1975", "keywords": "alexander; arybbas; date; death; justin; olympias; op.cit; philip; supra; time; years", "summary": "At the beginning of his year of the archon Sosigenes (342/1) he records, in a typical citation from his chronological table, the death of Arybbas ap~a.c ;'T'T} 8lKa. Arybbas is first mentioned by Justin (7.6.10-12), at the time of Philip's marriage with Olympias, after he had overcome the initial difficulties of his reign.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8671", "words": "3834", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Stern, Jacob", "title": "Theocritus\u2019 Idyll 14", "date": "1975", "keywords": "aeschinas; cynisca; gow; idyll; love; ptolemy; reality; theocritus; thyonichus", "summary": "In the 'included example' (12-42) there is a reversal of roles: it is now Cynisca, Aeschinas' false mistress, who shows the typical symptoms of love (blushing, inability to speak); Yet as they partake of these traditional aphrodisiacs, the unexpected reality emerges: not a consummation of love for Aeschinas, but the love of Cynisca for Lycus and the violent stupidity of Aeschinas himself.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8681", "words": "9464", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "89", "author": "Diller, Aubrey", "title": "Agathemerus, Sketch of Geography", "date": "1975", "keywords": "a7to; add; agathemerus; artemidorus; berger; ctaolwv; ctaota; diller; earth; edd; elc; eratosthenes; geography; gulf; kat; kata; miles; mouth; muller; plin; sea; sketch; stades; strabo; tov; twv", "summary": "III 8 <;) \\ t I\\ '{1 I ('I < <;) \\ \\ -- <;) 1 - \\ ~ \\ \u2022 \u00a3CTt 0\u00a3 'T} JL\u20ac/'Ct.l\\7] -VPTLC eTaotWV ,\u00a3, 'T} 0\u00a3 JLl. .J.O\u2022H 8\u20ac llEpCtK~ fJ&.Aacca \\ \\ 1' I \\", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8691", "words": "3896", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Stadter, Philip A.", "title": "Plutarch\u2019s Comparison of Pericles and Fabius Maximus", "date": "1975", "keywords": "comparison; control; fabius; heroes; life; lives; pair; pericles; plutarch; way", "summary": "Plutarch's Comparison of Pericles and Fabius Maximus Stadter, Philip A Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1975; 16, 1; ProQuest pg. 77 Plutarch's Comparison of Pericles and Fabius Maximus Philip A. Stadter THE PURPOSE of Plutarch's Parallel Lives was to make clear the moral qualities of the heroes who are being described. He tells us, for instance, that the lives of Pericles and Fabius Maximus, with which I will be concerned here, form the tenth book or {1t{1A.tov of his Lives (Per. 2.5).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8701", "words": "2633", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "A List of \u1f04\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1", "date": "1975", "keywords": "armeniak; bury; campaign; emperor; list; text; theme", "summary": "87 \u2022 88 A LIST OF AnAHKTA view by Bury,6 and more recently by Speros Vryonis Jr7 and by Arnold Toynbee.s Vryonis relies heavily on Ramsay's discussion without taking due account of Bury's article, though he notes its existence; Toynbee on the other hand, while justly describing the text of the list as desper\u00ad ately muddled, does not use Bury's article, and his discussion of the evidence is weakened by a confusion of Koloneia in the list with the theme and fort of that name in northeastern Asia Minor-in fact the Koloneia in the list of etapes is Colonia Archelais (Ak Saray), as Gelzer saw.9 Gelzer correctly rejected Ramsay's alteration of Ko>..wvw.v to .Eavulvav in the list, since the change lacks geographical or palaeo\u00ad graphical justification (Saniana is close to the Halys, but the main road whose etapes are given in the list passes well to the south of the Halys); unfortunately Vryonis follows Ramsay in assuming, in\u00ad correctly, that Saniana was one of the etapes. The list of etapes at the start is straightforward: (1) Malagina, (2) Doryleion, (3) Kaborki(o)n, (4) Kolon(e)ia, (5) Kaisar(e)ia, (6) Dazimon (Tokat) in the Armeniak(on) district, in northeastern Asia Minor.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-871", "words": "6994", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "55", "author": "Rzepka, Jacek", "title": "The Units of Alexander\u2019s Army and the District Divisions of Late Argead Macedonia", "date": "2008", "keywords": "alexander; army; arrian; cavalry; companion; diodorus; districts; greek; horse; hypaspists; infantry; macedonian; number; philip; prodromoi; units", "summary": "Although the latter solution hardly convinces one inclined to more conservative ex- planations, I must admit that it would fit perfectly into a reconstruction of the tripartite division of Macedonian units and districts that I suggest below. I suspect that Plutarch\u2019s total for cavalry units is also the total of Alexander\u2019s Macedonian cavalry which included the double-sized agema, then six ilai of the Companions, and finally six ilai of prodromoi.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8711", "words": "2129", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Wilson, Nigel", "title": "Some Notable Manuscripts Misattributed or Imaginary", "date": "1975", "keywords": "book; greek; hand; library; nigel; planudes; plutarch", "summary": "Maximus Planudes and a Famous Codex of Plutarch Wilson, Nigel Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1975; 16, 1; ProQuest pg. In that case it would belong to the years 1302-05, a view adopted by the great majority of the experts who have discussed it.3 Occasionally one finds the more guarded statement that th~ book cannot be proved to date from Planudes' own lifetime.4 1 A. Turyn, Dated Greek Manuscripts of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries in the Libraries of Italy (Urbana-London 1972) 81-87 and plates 59-68.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8721", "words": "4517", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Speake, Graham", "title": "Some XV-Century Truths in Apollonius", "date": "1975", "keywords": "apollonius; cett; conjecture; frankel; moschus; mss; reading; scribe; text", "summary": "BooK 1 148 Tovc 7}yt: M R Q, Tovc 8' 7}yt: cett. The praesens propheticum of most MSS. is the lectio difficilior (cf Kuhner-Gerth 1.195ff), but the reading of R Q D is attractive, especially in view of \u20acccec(}a., in 550.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8731", "words": "6768", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Cole, John R.", "title": "Cimon\u2019s Dismissal, Ephialtes\u2019 Revolution, and the Peloponnesian Wars", "date": "1974", "keywords": "athenian; athens; beloch; cimon; dismissal; ephialtes; expedition; op.cit; return; revolution; sparta; supra; thucydides", "summary": "Cimon's Dismissal, Ephialtes' Revolution and the Peloponnesian Wars Cole, John R Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1974; 15, 4; ProQuest pg. 369 Cimon's Dismissal, Ephialtes' Revolution and the Peloponnesian Wars John R. Cole THE YEAR 462 B.C. may have marked the most acute crisis in what Bengtson calls the decisive turning point in the internal and external histories of Sparta and Athens.1 We lack the authori\u00ad tative historical source to state from antiquity the case for 462 that Herodotus states for 480 or Thucydides for 431. It is my purpose to encourage a measure of skepticism concerning Thucydides' account of the ogoc ETJV KEc/>CXA/jv, .pE8~ 8' \u00a37TEvr}VO(JE AaxvTJ. (J 1; 'A \\ ~ '\\ '..1: 'I; '01;' ~ EX I,CTOC 0 XI,I\\TJI, ILaMCT 'IV TJO OVCTJt. The Inner Man in Archilochus and the Odyssey Russo, Joseph Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1974; 15, 2; ProQuest pg.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8891", "words": "7370", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Moulton, Carroll", "title": "The End of the Odyssey", "date": "1974", "keywords": "end; erbse; homer; homeric; iliad; kirk; lines; odysseus; odyssey; op.cit; page; poem; second; stanford; supra", "summary": "The battle itself, fore\u00ad shadowed in Odysseus' concern about the consequences of the slaughter at 23.117-22 and 130-40,54 provides the occasion for a grand finale, not only in terms of the plot, but also in terms of the father\u00ad son motif so pervasive in the Odyssey (cf Laertes' exclamation at 514-15).55 Page's objections to the battle, centering around the killing of some of the relatives,56 seem to ignore the long partnership of Athena and the family of Odysseus. Thus, the normally cautious Alexandrian critics may have been seduced into judging the Odyssey to end with Odysseus and Penelope in bed at 23.296.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8901", "words": "9172", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Pearson, Lionel", "title": "Catalexis and Anceps in Pindar: A Search for Rhythmical Logic", "date": "1974", "keywords": ".i .i; anceps; break; catalexis; d .i; d d; d.l.ll; end; epitrite; pindar; rest; rhythm; strophe; syllable; time; verse; word", "summary": "It will be noted that modern editors add a punctuation mark only slightly more frequently after short final syllables than after long. O > UpKTTJV EpCOV1Jnuv 7TI\\UKU , C7TnpEL, no break is wanted, since C7TElpEL contains no surprise, and the final syllable of 7TAaKct is evidently lengthened by the double consonant that follows.29 As Hecuba approaches he makes good use of hiatus in two consecutive verses (52\u00a3) :30 In the scene that follows, Polyxena produces an effective break at the end of verses with final short syllables: Z6 cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-891", "words": "8221", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Bryen, Ari Z.", "title": "Visibility and Violence in Petitions from Roman Egypt", "date": "2008", "keywords": "a.d; blows; body; egypt; evidence; face; head; individuals; iniuria; law; p.oxy; papyri; petitions; public; roman; slave; society; status; violence; visibility; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "Bryen Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 48 (2008) 181\u2013200 Visibility and Violence in Petitions from Roman Egypt Ari Z. Bryen HE STUDY OF VIOLENCE and violent behavior is of special sociological import. On status and violence in the papyri, crucial are Bagnall, BASP 26 (1989) 201\u2013216, and Egypt in Late Antiquity (Princeton 1993), esp. 172; on status and access to legal institutions, see recently J. Harries, \u201cViolence, Victims, and the Legal Tradition in Late Antiquity,\u201d in H. A. Drake (ed.),", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8911", "words": "4431", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Sutton, Dana Ferrin", "title": "Aeschylus\u2019 Amymone", "date": "1974", "keywords": "aeschylus; amymone; myth; play; poseidon; satyr; satyr play; silenus; situation; supplices; supra; trilogy", "summary": "This seems to fit into a more general pattern of satyr plays or other fourth\u00ad place plays parodying a tragedy with which they were produced. But this relationship would be less difficult to comprehend according to the Wilamowitzian theory that Helen is a fourth-place prosatyric play of the Alcestis type, and there are several reasons for so thinking, principally because it uses a plot, themes and characterizations that are recognizably assembled out of precisely the same stereotypes that are the routine fare of satyr plays.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8921", "words": "4695", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Aristotle\u2019s Interest in Biography", "date": "1974", "keywords": "aesop; aikman; aristotle; biography; dialogue; evidence; hesiod; homer; interest; orpheus; poetry; poets; ross; work", "summary": "The narrative in the ps.-Plutarchan fragment is not complete-we are not told, for instance, where and when Homer created the Iliad and the Odyssey, or what prompted the composition of the Margites, which Aristotle (Poet. 144Sb30) believed to be the work of Homer also; but we can see that it was Aristotle's aim in the dia\u00ad logue to show that the various traditions about Homer could be com\u00ad bined into a biography.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8931", "words": "2756", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Bagnall, Roger S.", "title": "The Toparch Leon and his Archive", "date": "1974", "keywords": "apollonios; documents; leon; letter; yale", "summary": "P. Yale 36 is a letter of an Apollonios to Leon, forwarding the letter of the dioiketes Athenodoros to Apollonios re\u00ad garding the sowing schedule and adding an admonition to Leon to be sure to do his part so that the two officials may turn in the schedule to the archiphylakites at the proper time. 215 216 THE TOPARCH LEON AND HIS ARCHIVE probably from Apollonios (of no.36), 3 to Leon ordering him to take care of the transport of some materials.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8941", "words": "11705", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Gruen, Erich S.", "title": "The Last Years of Philip V", "date": "1974", "keywords": "aenus; demetrius; erich; eumenes; fact; flamininus; gruen; king; letter; livy; macedonian; maronea; perseus; philip; philip v; policy; polyb; polybius; relations; roman; rome; senate; tradition; walbank; war; years", "summary": "And Perseus was the proper choice, the man whom Philip expected to carry out 83 Livy 40.5.2,5.6,5.7,5.12-14,10.5-11.4, U.S. 64 Livy 40.5.S. Demetrius' tears: Livy 40.12.1-3, 16.1; his justification of contacts with Rome: 40.12.14-17, 15.5-S. 65 Livy 40.15.5-8; see Walbank, Philip V, 247; Meloni 46. 221 The Last Years of Philip V Erich S. Gruen THE LAST YEARS of Philip V were clouded with bitterness, an\u00ad guish and tragedy.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8951", "words": "2341", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "84", "author": "Highet, Gilbert", "title": "Lexical Notes on Dio Chrysostom", "date": "1974", "keywords": "chrysostom; dio; lsj; pass; refer; word", "summary": "Such, for example, are: a8laTOC II, 'not seeing' (Dio Chrys. 4.113); aKa8EKToc, 'ungovernable' (Dio 7.138); oLaTopoc, neut. Dio is often an attractive writer.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8961", "words": "8608", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Wallace, Paul W.", "title": "Hesiod and the Valley of the Muses", "date": "1974", "keywords": "agios; askra; helikon; hesiod; hill; identification; keressos; leake; muses; olmeios; op.cit; pausanias; permessos; pyrgaki; rivers; site; spring; strabo; stream; supra; supra n.2; valley", "summary": "A location south of Helikon (ev 'Tip /LEC'Y]/L{3PLVip) would place Askra com\u00ad pletely outside of the Valley of the Muses, thereby conflicting with all the other evidence we have. Hesiod and the Valley of the Muses Wallace, Paul W Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1974; 15, 1; ProQuest pg. 5 Hesiod and the Valley of the Muses Paul W. Wallace H ESIOD lived at Askra in the Valley of the Muses, in a remote and secluded district among the foothills of Mt Helikon in southwest Boiotia.1 Hesiod has rather a lot to say about his homeland; in fact, few Greek authors have given so much detail about the places where they themselves lived.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8971", "words": "5027", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Boegehold, Alan L.", "title": "Korinthiaka", "date": "1974", "keywords": "alphabet; beta; century; corinthian; form; greek; inscriptions; jeffery; letters; line; names; sherds", "summary": "On the other hand, [---]evoL, assuming they are Corinthian letters,! Stroud notes [--]\u00a3voc or [-]1)VOC, a possible restoration ofBV\\o~ (op.at. 322 n.19), and H. Metzger's assertion (REG 83 [1970] 123) that Stroud did not recognize Corinthian letters could perhaps have been modified to acknowledge Stroud's note.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8981", "words": "7021", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Young, Douglas C. C.", "title": "The Text of the Recognition Duet in Euripides\u2019 Helena", "date": "1974", "keywords": "corr; dale; dimeter; dochmii; dochmius; duet; euripides; hel; helen; men; menelaos; papyrus; paradosis; recognition; text; trimeter; zuntz", "summary": "In ascribing verses to speakers L uses abbreviated forms of names at 622 and 625, but merely a paragraphos thereafter till 646. I:' , ,I.(J A' ., - (J , pa OE ILEIL'r EtC OVVEK OU VLKat Eac, \u2022 (; I A \\ (; I I:' \\ I ES 7J VElLwCE TaIL I\\Esavopwt I\\EX7J, I:' 'I:' 1:''' \\ \\..", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-8991", "words": "3014", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "45", "author": "Lowry, S. Todd", "title": "Aristotle\u2019s \u2018Natural Limit\u2019 and the Economics of Price Regulations", "date": "1974", "keywords": "aristotle; exchange; goods; limit; natural; retailer; wealth", "summary": "Natural price, enforced by natural competition, presumably kept the retailer from charging more than the bare minimum necessary to cover the costs of servicing the needs of his customers regardless of his motives. Nineteenth-century economic theory dealt with this problem by extending the concept of natural control with the aid of Adam Smith's theory of natural competitive price.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9001", "words": "3901", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Tar\u00e1n, Sonya Lida", "title": "Aristotle, Rhetoric 3.2-7: an Analysis", "date": "1974", "keywords": "aristotle; beginning; chapter; composition; kennedy; poetics; rhetoric; words", "summary": "A comparison of chapters 2 to 4 with 5 to 7 leads him to the conclusion that the latter chapters cannot be considered a more detailed discussion of the matters outlined in chapter 2, which is essentially a later version of chapter 5, written after Aristotle had developed the theory of metaphor in the Poetics. This refers to chapters 3 and 7: in chapter 3 (1406a7) he mentions TO xpf}cOCt\u00a3 yAwTTaLc, and in chapter 7 (140SblD-12)weread: TU o\u20ac ovop.aTu TU O\u00a37TA& Kat [TU]E7TtOETa 7TAEtWKUt TU g\u20acVU P.&ALCTU app.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-901", "words": "8771", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "64", "author": "Duff, Timothy E.", "title": "The Opening of Plutarch\u2019s Life of Themistokles", "date": "2008", "keywords": "athenian; athens; camillus; couplet; duff; evidence; father; greek; life; lives; mother; nothos; opening; plutarch; themistokles", "summary": "40 On Miltiades\u2019 trophy and Themistokles see Duff, in Parallelism, and \u201cThe Text of Plutarch, Themistokles 2.3,\u201d Philologus (forthcoming). But in its Plutarchan context, the couplet is cited to confirm Plutarch\u2019s claim that Themistokles was a nothos.6 Some commentators, assuming that Plutarch saw in it proof of Themistokles\u2019 notheia simply in the fact that his mother was foreign, have accused Plutarch of a crass anachronism.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9011", "words": "7049", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Martin, Jr, Hubert", "title": "Plutarch\u2019s De facie: the Recapituations and the Lost Beginning", "date": "1974", "keywords": "beginning; chapter; cherniss; comrade; discussion; facie; gorgemanns; lamprias; lecture; lucius; moon; plutarch; pohlenz; recapitulation; sulla; summary", "summary": "At 929B Lucius observes that the comrade won approval in his discourse (EV'Tfj Ota'Tptf3fj) by 24; Cherniss 16-17; and G6rgemanns, Us. 21-89 passim; and cf. The dialogue proper is a conversation reported by Plutarch's brother Lamprias, who was a chief speaker and who, during chapters 1-23, joined with one Lucius in recapitulating for the six other interlocutors some previous discourse (or discourses) that occurred under unspecified circumstances.2", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9021", "words": "9922", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Alf\u00f6ldy, G\u00e9za", "title": "The Crisis of the Third Century as Seen by Contemporaries", "date": "1974", "keywords": "age; alfoldy; century; christian; church; crisis; cyprian; decius; decline; dio; emperor; empire; esp; future; herodian; history; new; order; pagan; rome; time; view; wars; world", "summary": "But in the Roman Empire the decline is acknowledged in a manner which leaves no room for doubt.! Apart from all religious and philosophical differences, contem\u00ad porary Christian views on the present condition of the Empire show interesting similarities.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9031", "words": "7870", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Speake, Graham", "title": "The Scribal Habits of Demetrius Moschus", "date": "1974", "keywords": "apollonius; demetrius; frankel; habits; homeric; iliad; line; mechanical; metre; moschus; mrq; odyssey; op.cit; result; rqcd; scribe; speake; text; word", "summary": "1062 aC7Ttnv apaTE] aC7Ttn ~pagaTE D. Cf Iliad 13.130 and 15.566: the result of an unfamiliar form and reminiscence of the Homeric passages. GRAHAM SPEAKE 119 470 \u20acOV JLopov] EJLOV voov D. Cf Odyssey 4.493 ot3De oaijV(XL EJLOV voov.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9041", "words": "12858", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Burnett, Anne", "title": "Curse and Dream in Aeschylus\u2019 Septem", "date": "1973", "keywords": "aeschylus; brother; chorus; city; curse; death; dream; enemy; eteocles; gate; king; lot; man; oedipus; op.cit; play; scene; second; septem; supra; thebes; tragedy; words", "summary": "The uncomprehended Curse was taken over from Patzer,4 and Solmsen's earlier emphasis upon the force of the Fury was wel\u00ad comed,5 but von Fritz himself was chiefly interested in the necessities that he found to be at work within the ethos of Eteocles. O. Regenbogen, Bemerkungen zu den Sieben des Aischylos, Hermes 68 (1933) 63ff, would have Eteocles move towards the Seventh Gate almost as an automaton, in unconscious obedience to the Curse, whereas B. Snell, Aischylos und das Handlung im Drama (Philologus Supplbd.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9051", "words": "5579", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Vaio, John", "title": "The Manipulation of Theme and Action in Aristophanes\u2019 Lysistrata", "date": "1973", "keywords": "acropolis; action; aristophanes; dover; home; lysistrata; plan; prologue; sex; strike; supra; theme; wilamowitz; women", "summary": "372 THEME AND ACTION IN LYSISTRATA motif in connection with that of women at home, and against this early statement Aristophanes will reintroduce and develop these subjects in the scenes to come. Don't we women serve as your treasurers at home as well? (495).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9061", "words": "3353", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "53", "author": "Berg, Beverly", "title": "An Early Source of the Alexander Romance", "date": "1973", "keywords": "alexander; alexandria; callisthenes; nectanebo; pseudo; romance; story", "summary": "On the books of Ptolemy and other Alexander historians see L. Pearson, The Lost His\u00ad tories of Alexander the Great (APA Philological Monographs XX, 1960). This letter collection, as we now know, like the marvel letters (apocryphal letters from Alexander on the marvels of the East, so clumsily inserted into the Romance that their separate origin is plain to all), was once independent of any novel or history.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9071", "words": "6513", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Imperial Commissioners in Achaia", "date": "1973", "keywords": "achaia; athens; cities; city; claudius; commissioners; coponius; epimelete; hesperia; inscription; kal; kat; maximus; oliver; sacred; title; twv", "summary": "TWV 7TPOEOPWIl , .1. ',J. r fH' \\ n ,\\ , ~ t , \\ \\.. \\ \\ E7TE'I'TJ'I'L ':,Ell paKI\\ELTOC ELpLEVC Kat CVJl7TPOEOPOL' 0 E7TL Ta 07Tl\\a CTpaTTJYOC , ~ I \\ I \\ ~ , \\ t '''A 'E \\ ... \\ \\' I a \\' t , , 'E'\\ '[] ~ I~ 'VI\\VEVC Eypa/L/LaTEVEII, /-,OVI\\TJ tEpa Ell I\\EVCELVt l!!'", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9081", "words": "3248", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Sokolowski, Franciszek", "title": "On the New Pergamene Lex Sacra", "date": "1973", "keywords": "asclepios; copyright; kat; lex; op.cit; sacra; sokolowski; supra", "summary": "Lpa~OV Kat Ll Lt JlffLAL X{WL 7T07T[ a]\u00ad [VOV paf30w ]TOV EVVEOf. LOU Kat TP~7TESOVC(Jw CKEAoc OEg[ L]- [OV Kat Cl7]Actyxva.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9091", "words": "3124", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "62", "author": "Keany, John J.", "title": "Alphabetization in Harpocration\u2019s Lexicon", "date": "1973", "keywords": "alphabetization; glosses; harpocration; lexicon; order; series; text", "summary": "LETTER-SERIES NUMBER OF GLOSSES GLOSSES DISLOCATED 'l' 3 0 Z 4 0 ,... .!: Now, if certain sequences are excluded for 8 In the following lists dislocated glosses are marked with an asterisk.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-91", "words": "23488", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Robertson, Noel", "title": "The Praxiergidae Decree (IG I3 7) and the Dressing of Athena\u2019s Statue with the Peplos", "date": "2004", "keywords": "acropolis; athena; calendar; callynteria; custom; date; day; decree; dressing; festival; girls; inscriptions; lambert; lewis; like; lines; mantle; month; new; noel; panathenaea; peplos; plynteria; praxiergidae; praxiergidae decree; ritual; robertson; second; space; statue; supra; temple; thargelion; time; woman; year", "summary": "\u201cThe Old Temple,\u201d a term subsequently used in the inventories of the Tamiae of Athena and in the Lycurgan law on the Lesser Panathe- naea, contains the statue of Athena Polias with which the Praxier- gidae are concerned, itself sometimes called \u201cthe old statue.\u201d 9 IG II2 687.44 (268/7 or 265/4 B.C.), treaty with Sparta, \u201cbeside the temple of Athena Polias\u201d; 983.5\u20136 (ca 250), honours for Athena\u2019s priestess, \u201cbeside the old temple of Athena Polias\u201d; 1055.24\u201325 (perhaps distinctly earlier than ca 100; cf.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9101", "words": "3525", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "74", "author": "Whittaker, John", "title": "Varia Procliana", "date": "1973", "keywords": "decem; greek; kat; op.cit; philoponus; proclus; remp; supra; symeon; text; vaticanus", "summary": "2.166.23- 167.2 Kroll, concerning the manner in which souls communicate) reads as follows: , ... \\ \\ ., ~ I 0 - \\ \\ \\ \u2022 De decem dub.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-911", "words": "9375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Irby-Massie, Georgia L.", "title": "Prometheus Bound and Contemporary Trends in Greek Natural Philosophy", "date": "2008", "keywords": "aeschylus; air; author; cosmos; earth; elements; empedocles; fire; greek; heraclitus; herington; kahn; okeanos; philosophy; play; prometheus; thought; understanding; water; world; zeus", "summary": "10 Podlecki, Prometheus Bound 159. Podlecki, Prometheus Bound 200, cautiously suggests authenticity, conceding that the tragedy may not have received the author\u2019s final revisions.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9121", "words": "3135", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Fairweather, Janet", "title": "The Death of Heraclitus", "date": "1973", "keywords": "death; dogs; dropsy; heraclitus; story; supra", "summary": "According to Neanthes of Cyzicus2 Heraclitus, suffering from dropsy, attempted to cure him\u00ad self by covering his body with manure and lying out in the sun to dry, but he was made unrecognizable by the dung covering and was finally eaten by dogs. Cf K. Lehrs, PopuLare Aufsitt{el (Leipzig 1895) 395ff, on comedy as a possible source for death stories.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9131", "words": "13076", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Diggle, James", "title": "The Supplices of Euripides", "date": "1973", "keywords": "aesch; amphion; cavalry; chariots; collard; conjecture; corpses; diggle; edge; euripides; evidence; gate; iii; infantry; james; kat; left; line; location; markland; murray; nauck; noun; page; phrase; place; position; right; soph; supplices; supra; text; tomb; wilamowitz; words; yap", "summary": "v C 'I' '\\ \\ , '\\ A HO. - W p,EI\\Eat p'EI\\EWV p,aTEpEC 1\\0Xaywv \u2022 STR. \\ \\ \\ , , ' TEVXEC'I'0POV P.EV I\\aov EKTEWOVT avw 'T' \\{J' \\,J: \\' 655 Jcp.'YJVLOV 7TpOC", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9141", "words": "6932", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Aristotle as Antiquary", "date": "1973", "keywords": "antiquary; aristotle; century; dilts; evidence; example; george; greek; history; huxley; lykourgos; mycenae; past; politeiai; politics; story; time", "summary": "In this respect Aristotle works in much the same way as any his\u00ad torian of our own time investigating early Greek history; an illumin\u00ad ating passage from a novel by Miss Iris Murdoch perfectly conveys the intellectual challenge to the historian and the importance of an Aristotelian concern for detail: There are certain areas of scholarship, early Greek history is one and Roman law is another, where the scanti\u00ad ness of evidence sets a special challenge to the disciplined mind. According to Aristotle Samos had been an empty waste until the enormous beasts invaded the island.7", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9151", "words": "5991", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Webster, T. B. L.", "title": "Woman Hates Soldier: A Structural Approach to New Comedy", "date": "1973", "keywords": "code; demeas; getas; kleinias; krateia; menander; play; soldier; thrasonides; woman", "summary": "Krateia was also captured and was later sold to Thrasonides, who sets up house with her in Rhodes. Getas enters and for nearly forty lines gives vent to his rage at the behaviour of Demeas and Krateia to Thrasonides, while Kleinias vainly tries to break in.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9161", "words": "6850", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "81", "author": "Speake, Graham; Vian, Francis", "title": "The So-called D-Manuscripts of Apollonius", "date": "1973", "keywords": "agreements; apollonius; cett; family; group; lvi; manuscripts; mss; r q; readings", "summary": "Only the shared conjectures listed at 2.1155 and 4.436 are worth considering, but they alone do not allow us to posit a group FN M R Q CD. EAyoVet( v) G M R Q CD: aJ-t'py- cett.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9171", "words": "2925", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Lattimore, Steven", "title": "Battus in Theocritus\u2019 Fourth Idyll", "date": "1973", "keywords": "battus; corydon; idyll; lawall; op.cit; poem; supra; theocritus", "summary": "It seems more plausible to understand Battus as an occasional visitor to the country (perhaps first drawn there by Amaryllis).25 He likes Corydon and prides himself on his knowledge of the local gossip, while Corydon, a genuine herdsman, insists on his own ability as a singer (29ff).26 Battus (,Chatterbox') romanticizes some aspects of country life, tries out as a goatherd with a rather phony line (39), then makes a fool of himself by pricking his foot; he is amazed at the thick\u00ad ness of the thornbushes and seems unable to draw out the thorn him- which reverses that of Lycidas, seems out of character for Corydon. The goatherd Battus meets his friend Corydon, who is tending Aegon's cows (1-4).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9181", "words": "3280", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "73", "author": "Hansen, Hardy", "title": "The Meaning of \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd", "date": "1973", "keywords": "animal; calendar; meaning; sheep; sokolowski; teeth; word", "summary": "This is more evidence that in the fifth cen\u00ad tury other words than AH1TOYVcfJp.wv were used of full-grown animals. We have no ancient evidence about the role of yvwJ.L0V\u20acC in telling the age of sheep and oxen, but if the term A\u20act- 1TOYVWJ.LWV was used similarly of all domestic animals, one would con\u00ad clude that certain milk teeth of the sheep and ox were called yvwjJ-OV\u20acC and that when all these were lost the animal was considered full\u00ad grown, or A\u20acL7TOYVWp,wv.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9191", "words": "2289", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Daly, Lloyd W.", "title": "Rotuli: Liturgy Rolls and Formal Documents", "date": "1973", "keywords": "documents; form; format; liturgy; papyrus; roll; use", "summary": "As rolls they may be thought of as survivals of the ancient book roll, but this easy explanation will not stand up to critical consideration, since liturgy rolls are written trans\u00ad versa charta (i.e., with their lines of writing at right angles to the long axis of the roll) in direct contrast to the practice for book rolls, and they are frequently opisthographic. The model taken for the format of liturgy rolls was not literary but docu\u00ad mentary.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9201", "words": "4375", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Lefkowitz, Mary R.", "title": "Critical Stereotypes and the Poetry of Sappho", "date": "1973", "keywords": "criticism; dickinson; emily; girl; life; man; narrator; poem; poetry; sappho; women", "summary": "Critical Stereotypes and the Poetry of Sappho Lefkowitz, Mary R Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1973; 14, 2; ProQuest pg. 113 Critical Stereotypes and the Poetry of Sappho Mary R. Lefkowitz CRITICISM OF CREATIVE ART seems curiously dependent on biog\u00ad raphy. The exaggerated terms in 111 On the meaning of tcoc 8\u20acow, see Garry Wills, Sappho 31 and Catullus 51, GRBS 8 (1967) 174-83, and M. Marcovich, Sappho Fr.31: Anxiety Attack or Love Declaration, CQ N.S. 32 (1972) 26.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-921", "words": "6465", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Stallsmith, Allaire B.", "title": "The Name of Demeter Thesmophoros", "date": "2008", "keywords": "cults; demeter; epithet; festival; greek; laws; mysteries; religion; rites; ritual; sanctuary; secret; thesmophoros; title; women", "summary": "The Eleusinion in Eleusis was the site of other Demeter festivals, such as the Haloa or Thesmophoria.68 Local deme sanctuaries in Attica offered various rites and festivals in honor of Demeter.69 Although local Thesmophoria were performed in the Attic demes, the City Eleusinion may have been the site of the \u201cnational\u201d Athenian celebration.70 It seems that any Demeter sanctuary was suitable for women\u2019s Demeter mysteries, no matter what epithet the goddess bore.71 This encounter resulted in the birth of a daughter, Despoina (Mistress, a title of Kore-Per- sephone), as well as a horse, the legendary Arion.11 The titles Melaina and Erinys are seen as relics of a very old form of Demeter cult, partly because of their location in Arcadia, that most archaic region, and partly because of their association with xoana, unimaginably ancient wooden statues.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9211", "words": "5562", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "71", "author": "Ruebel, James S.", "title": "The Tyrannies of Peisistratos", "date": "1973", "keywords": "adcock; ath.pol; exile; figures; herodotos; jacoby; op.cit; peisistratos; second; supra; tyrannies; tyranny; years", "summary": "(supra n.3) 193f; his dates are: first tyranny: 561/0; first exile 560/59; second tyranny 558/7; second exile 557/6; third tyranny 547/6. after five years' rule;? 545, eleven years later;8 tyrannies and first exile is possible.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9221", "words": "2673", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "The Date of Pherekydes of Athens", "date": "1973", "keywords": "athenian; athens; jacoby; kimon; miltiades; oulios; pherekydes; son", "summary": "The quotation by Didymos from Pherekydes, however, shows at most that Miltiades the oikist was descended from Aias; it does not prove that Miltiades the oikist (or Miltiades father of Kimon) traced his descent back to Aiakos son of Zeus. In Aiginetan legend Telamon and Peleus were brothers, being sons of Aiakos.5 But Pherekydes published a drastically altered pedigree of Telamon; according to this, Telamon was the son of Aktaios by Glauke daughter of Kynchreus.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9231", "words": "12189", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Reeve, Michael D.", "title": "Interpolation in Greek Tragedy, III", "date": "1973", "keywords": "ajax; del; deletion; der; die; electra; euripides; greek; interpolation; ist; kat; lines; man; michael; nauck; nicht; orestes; ovk; reeve; sense; speech; tov; tovc; tragedy; und; vvv; wecklein; wilamowitz; yap; ylpwv", "summary": "'\\ \\' , '> '>' (3' '.1. ' 1169 vfLac S~ TWVSE XP~ X&pLV fLEfLV7]p.ivovc [ , y t - 'f' 'c'\u00ad CW~ELV, OPWVT(xC wv EKVPC(xT ES EfLov, - I 8' t - , ~ \\ , \\ \\' ] 7rCXCLV V?TEL7rOV TOvcoE TOVC (XVTOVC I\\OYOVC, ..... , \\ ,~' '", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9241", "words": "1822", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Frel, Jir\u00ed", "title": "An Attic Grave Stele with Epigram", "date": "1973", "keywords": "inscription; mynnia; relief; stele", "summary": "The former could be compared chronologically to the stele of Mynno12 and dated about 390 B.C. Mynnia may be some ten to fifteen years later, pointing to 10 cf K. Vierneisel, AthMitt 83 (1968) 111ff, and G. Daux, BCH 96 (1972) 503ff. 173 An Attic Grave Stele with Epigram Jifi Frel ~ ONG THE RECENT acquisitions of ancient sculpture in the J. Paul Getty Museum, an Attic original, the stele of Mynnia from the early fourth century, deserves particular attention: it provides a good illustration of some general problems involved in funerary imagery and versification.1 The stele (A71\u00b753, ht. 1.23 m) is a slab of Pentelic marble broken into three fragments with some parts missing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9251", "words": "4604", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "Hourmouziades, N. C.", "title": "Menander\u2019s Actors", "date": "1973", "keywords": "actors; characters; daos; distribution; menander; moschion; parmenon; parts; stage", "summary": "On the other hand, an approach based on the restrictions of the three-actor rule would necessarily split the parts of Parmenon and Chrysis: the former can be played, say, by actor B at the beginning of the play (60ft), provided, of course, that Parmenon leaves the stage a number of verses before the entrance of Demeas and Niceratus (A and C);4 then by actor A in 189ff, since in the preceding scene (159f in particular) Moschion (A) seems to be trying to find an excuse to avoid meeting his future father-in-law and, consequently, leaves the stage at 162; again by actor A in 280ff, because Moschion does not appear at all in this act; lastly by actor C at the end of the play (640\u00a31), where the interval between Parmenon's exit (some time after 690) and Niceratus' entrance (713) is long enough for a change of costume. To save the three-actor rule, the editor proposes the following solu\u00ad tion:8 actor A, as Pyrrhias, disappears soon after 145; some time after 150 a mute, dressed up as Pyrrhias, appears at the door of the shrine to H overhear Sostratos' words; in the meantime, actor A has changed his costume and reentered as the Daughter at 189.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9261", "words": "2360", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "78", "author": "Tracy, Stephen V.", "title": "Identifying Epigraphical Hands, II", "date": "1973", "keywords": "agora; archon; hesperia; letter", "summary": "IG II2 525 The date assigned to it in IG, fin. IG II2 661 archon Menekles (267/6)", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9271", "words": "6426", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "56", "author": "Arnott, W. Geoffrey", "title": "Imitation, Variation, Exploitation: a Study in Aristaenetus", "date": "1973", "keywords": "aristaenetus; comedy; context; exploitation; leonidas; letter; material; menander; phrases; play; source; use; variation; words", "summary": "Imitation, Variation, Exploitation: a Study in Aristaenetus Arnott, W Geoffrey Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1973; 14, 2; ProQuest pg. 197 Imitation, Variation, Exploitation: a Study in Aristaenetus w. Geoffrey Arnott DR OTTO MAZAL'S new Teubner edition of Aristaenetus (Stutt\u00ad gart 1971) is to be welcomed on several accounts. Callim\u00ad achus, however, describes both the prenuptial sleeping together of bride and KOVpOC (vv.1-9)15 and the reflection of the bulls' heads in the mirrorlike surface of the water in the sacrificial basin (10-11), two details which Aristaenetus omits,16 replacing them with a quotation from Sappho (fr.71.6 Lobel-Page) and a much less imaginative refer\u00ad ence to the wedding-song before the bridal chamber-a cliche that can be paralleled from a number of literary epigramsP", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9281", "words": "4309", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "61", "author": "H\u00e4gg, Tomas", "title": "Photius at Work: Evidence from the Text of the Bibliotheca", "date": "1973", "keywords": "bibliotheca; cod; excerpts; memory; original; photius; text; tion; words; work", "summary": "But Photius' own words in the same letter have been the starting point also for the discussion of another ques\u00ad tion, which will be the subject of the present article: did Photius, as he himself alleges, compose from memory ? Now if Photius had the original in front of him when he was sup\u00ad plementing his main series of excerpts with these stylistic samples, what would make us think that he had a moment earlier drawn from memory those extensive verbatim extracts from the very same work?", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9291", "words": "2477", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Wilson, Nigel G.", "title": "Three Byzantine Scribes", "date": "1973", "keywords": "byzantine; century; eustathius; hand; leo; recto", "summary": "Maas identified one of the two hands as Eustathius (hand E) and called the other hand S, by which I suppose he may have meant to indicate the archbishop's secretary.6 If Eustathius were having a copy of his own writings prepared by a secretary we might expect him to intervene in this way himself if the original copy had been damaged in a few places; in other words we might rather expect hand E to appear in this way; but it does not.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9301", "words": "3647", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Mosshammer, Alden A.", "title": "The Apollodoran Akmai of Hellanicus and Herodotus", "date": "1973", "keywords": "akme; apollodorus; date; hecataeus; hellanicus; herodotus; jacoby; thurii; year", "summary": "Nam Hellanicus initio belli Pelo\u00ad ponnesiaci fuisse quinque et sexaginta annos natus uidetur, Herodotus tres et quinquaginta, Thucydides quadraginta. The Apollodoran Akmai of Hellanicus and Herodotus Mosshammer, Alden A Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1973; 14, 1; ProQuest pg. 5 The Apollodoran Akmai of Hellanicus and Herodotus Alden A. M osshammer OUR CHIEF EVIDENCE for the ancient chronographic tradition on Hellanicus, Herodotus and Thucydides is that famous passage where Gellius (15.23), citing Pamphila, groups the three historians together and assigns them an age at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War of sixty-five, fifty-three and forty years, respec\u00ad tively.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-931", "words": "7879", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "63", "author": "Cadwallader, Alan", "title": "The Reverend Dr. John Luke and the Churches of Chonai", "date": "2008", "keywords": "asia; byzantine; century; chonai; churches; colossae; date; foss; greek; john; levant; london; luke; michael; minor; remains; theodore", "summary": "Microsoft Word - Cadwall.doc Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 48 (2008) 319\u2013338 \u00a9 2008 GRBS The Reverend Dr. John Luke and the Churches of Chonai Alan Cadwallader HE CHURCH of St. Michael at Chonai in south-west Turkey was one of the most famous pilgrimage centres through the entire Byzantine period.1 \u201cChonai\u201d was a successor name2 and was repeatedly cited in direct connection with the ancient site of Colossae\u2014its name \u201cfrom of old\u201d\u2014by Byzantine writers.3 Their references convey no sense of sep- arate revival or displacement such as has become a common- place among contemporary interpreters. One manuscript of the story of the miracle St. Michael of Chonai gives it the title \u201cThe Miracle by the Archangel Michael that hap- pened in Chonai in Colossae of Phrygia\u201d: AnalBoll 21 (1902) 396 no. 3.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9311", "words": "8947", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "57", "author": "Sinnige, Theo Gerard", "title": "Cosmic Religion in Aristotle", "date": "1973", "keywords": "argument; aristotle; divine; existence; god; metaphysics; plato; point; religion; theory; universe; work; world", "summary": "Cosmic Religion in Aristotle Sinnige, Theo Gerard Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1973; 14, 1; ProQuest pg. 15 Cosmic Religion in Aristotle Theo Gerard Sinnige THE ARGUMENTS of Aristotle's book on theology, Metaphysics XII (Lambda), have a strongly consistent logical construction in their favour, but may raise doubts as to the authenticity of Aristotle's religious feelings. The fragments prove that many of the convictions laid down here have a Platonic background, while at the same time Aristotle develops very outspoken views of his own on points in which he came to disagree with Plato.21 Aristotle must have felt from the outset that Plato's search for first principles in a realm of transcendent Forms was an undertaking in which he could not follow his master.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9321", "words": "2433", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "68", "author": "Highet, Gilbert", "title": "The Huntsman and the Castaway", "date": "1973", "keywords": "comedy; demeas; dio; huntsman; kock; menander", "summary": "Menander's Halieus may have contained a shipwreck and a rescue (see fr.15); fragment 14 expresses a sentiment rather like that which Dio voices in \u00a7\u00a7109-26;12 but the other fragments will not fit into any intrigue such as has been suggested above. It was poor: he lived mostly by hunting, dressed in skins (\u00a762), and grew only a little grain (\u00a7\u00a711 and 45).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9331", "words": "3068", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "70", "author": "Moulton, Carroll", "title": "Theocritus and the Dioscuri", "date": "1973", "keywords": "amykos; castor; dioscuri; gow; homer; poem; pollux; theocritus", "summary": "The epilogue was equally censured, in that Theocritus' reference to the Trojan war (215fT) and to Homer (218) seemed un_ timely; the Dioscuri are mentioned only once in the Iliad, and in no very prominent connection.6 Gow concluded that parts 1 and 2 were written first and were meant to stand as separate poems. Gow was right to draw attention to the disparity of style and contrast in subject matter in part 3, but we may perhaps find an explanation of the peculiarities he noted without assuming that Theocritus did not know what he was doing.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9341", "words": "4422", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Clay, Diskin", "title": "Sailing to Lampsacus: Diogenes of Oenoanda, New Fragment 7", "date": "1973", "keywords": "col; diogenes; epicurus; lampsacus; letter; life; line; new; plutarch; sea; smith", "summary": "He was brought to this interpretation by the word TVfLTrClVOV in col. ii line 12 and two letters of col. iii line 7, which he restored as i.\\[lKWV] 'whirls'. the lack of a discoverable masculine singular subject for the verbs from col. ii line 1 to col. iii line 8.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9351", "words": "908", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "84", "author": "Marcovich, Miroslav", "title": "A New Graffito from Ephesus", "date": "1973", "keywords": "anth.gr; graffito", "summary": "Accordingly, I would suggest the following reading of the graffito: eQ } EVA&A\u00a3 XaLpE, BEOLC 7TE7TOO7]p.lvov ovvop.a CEP.VOV\u00b7 , \\ r~{} , ,\\ \\ Q' 'c:.' EV,/,POCVV7JC 7] C EXEt C CXP.{JpOCL7]C. alac means specifically Aiginetan Aphaia. The chorus admires Hippolytos, but the fact remains that the brightest star of Athena (in Athens and in Troizen) is Theseus, for he is king of Athens.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9821", "words": "9386", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Vaio, John", "title": "Aristophanes\u2019 Wasps. The Relevance of the Final Scenes", "date": "1971", "keywords": "aristophanes; bdelycleon; carcinitae; carcinus; chorus; dance; father; macdowell; man; new; op.cit; philocleon; roos; scenes; son; supra; tpvg; vesp; wasps; wine", "summary": "Thus of the persons in the orchestra at 152.8 only Philocleon has not been accounted for. it is Philocleon not qua old man, but qua drunken lout.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9831", "words": "3892", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "75", "author": "Buckler, John", "title": "Dating the Peace of 375/4 B.C.", "date": "1971", "keywords": "b.c; battle; hell; peace; phokis; spring; thebans; timotheos; xen; xenophon", "summary": "Next, peace in 375 B.C. would explain why the Spartans did not move south into Boiotia from Phokis, as the Thebans evidently expected them to do. See also Cawkwell 89, who mentions that peace in 374 would stretch Xenophon's account uncomfortably.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9841", "words": "12849", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "65", "author": "Edmunds, Lowell", "title": "The Religiosity of Alexander", "date": "1971", "keywords": "achilles; alexander; anaxarchus; arr; arrian; b.c; callisthenes; campaign; curt; dionysus; divine; divinity; gods; greek; heracles; heroes; heroic; heroism; life; macedonian; op.cit; philip; religiosity; supra; time", "summary": "This debate is a well-known kind of Alexander story, which could be labelled Alexander and the philoso\u00ad phers. It was precisely through the imitation of Heraclean apE~ that Alexander hoped to attain the divinity revealed to him by the oracle of Ammon, though for Alexander part of the definition of Heraclean apE~ could be Achillean or Dionysian apET~ as well.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9851", "words": "6664", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Shoemaker, Gladys", "title": "Dionysius of Halicarnassus, On Dinarchus", "date": "1971", "keywords": "action; archonship; demosthenes; dinarchus; dionysius; gentlemen; man; speech; speeches; style; time; work", "summary": "Other sources cite a number of speeches attributed to Dinarchus which are not found in Dionysius' index. At the same time, I see, too, that neither Callimachus nor the Per\u00ad gamene scholars wrote anything precise about him, but, in their failure to inquire about him, committed errors in the more precise details, with the result that they not only have falsified much but also assign speeches to him which are not his at all, while those written by him they say are the works of others.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9861", "words": "16311", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "67", "author": "Moore, John M.", "title": "Polybiana", "date": "1971", "keywords": "antiqua; beginning; books; diaz; end; errors; evidence; excerpts; hand; hom; length; letters; line; line length; mss; mtp; number; omission; parent; readings; table; text; tradition", "summary": "Analysis of omission lengths cannot supplant standard methods of reconstructing lines of descent, but, after a stemma has already been constructed, it may be able to suggest something about the number of lost exemplars which lie behind our text, at least in some areas of the tradition. L1-+~-+D is a clear case where the evidence of line lengths requires an intermediate exemplar which was not necessarily implied by the other evidence, and r -+D-+L1 is another.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9871", "words": "6014", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "69", "author": "Constantelos, Demetrios J.", "title": "Kyros Panopolites, Rebuilder of Constantinople", "date": "1971", "keywords": "bishop; century; christian; city; constantine; constantinople; greek; kotyaion; kyros; man; op.cit; panopolites; prefect; supra; vita; walls", "summary": "As Prefect of Constantinople Kyros is remembered particularly as the rebuilder and restorer of the capital. Bury, on the other hand, did not overlook the importance of Kyros and devoted a few paragraphs to him.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9881", "words": "5300", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "72", "author": "Slater, William J.", "title": "Pindar\u2019s House", "date": "1971", "keywords": "alexander; demeter; evidence; house; magna; mother; op.cit; pan; pausanias; pindar; pyth; shrine; story; supra; thebes", "summary": "Other evidence dates 3 Pindar (Oxford 1964) 54. If Pindar's house and shrine were relocated in the ruined dty on the basis of the Alex\u00ad andrian literary tradition, a corollary would follow that they were spared in the various sacks to which the dty had been subjected.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9891", "words": "10472", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Calder III, William M.", "title": "Sophoclean Apologia: Philoctetes", "date": "1971", "keywords": "apologia; audience; bow; calder; der; euripides; greek; iii; jebb; neoptolemos; odysseus; op.cit; philoctetes; play; ship; sophocles; supra; tragedy; troy; und; von; voyage; waldock; wilamowitz; william", "summary": "At verse 1068 Odysseus exhorts Neoptolemos in the presence of Philoctetes: HCome on you; don't keep looking at him, YEWCXLOC as you are, lest you wreck our good luck. Yet it has be\u00ad come an unspoken assumption of criticism12 that Neoptolemos earlier had sailed from Skyros to Troy and later sailed from Troy to Lemnos with Odysseus and would now be returning to Troy for the 7 See U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Griechische Tragoedien IV (Berlin 1923) 11 (hence\u00ad forth cited: GrTr IV): Diomedes war nur als stumme Figur dabei.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9901", "words": "9957", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "77", "author": "Lloyd-Jones, Hugh", "title": "Menander\u2019s Aspis", "date": "1971", "keywords": "aspis; chaireas; chairestratos; comedy; daos; doctor; house; kleostratos; lines; man; menander; new; people; play; point; smikrines; tragedy", "summary": "Send Daos to me to give me an inventory of the stuff he brought. It looks as if Smikrines, the young man's uncle, steps forward at this point; he has been listening to Daos, but has not yet been taken notice of by him.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-991", "words": "7490", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "59", "author": "Croke, Brian", "title": "Poetry and Propaganda: Anastasius I as Pompey", "date": "2008", "keywords": "anastasius; baths; byzantium; century; christodorus; city; constantinople; croke; emperor; inscriptions; isaurians; mithridates; pompeius; pompey; propaganda; roman; rome; statue; themistius; time; victory; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76", "summary": "I do not refer to the longstanding alliances nor to all the assistance she gave and the combined efforts she made on behalf of this city when her dominion was but recently established, sailing with Pompey and helping in the destruction of Mithridates, al- ways contributing as her share the most experienced squadrons of her fleet, for which even today she preserves trophies and victory inscriptions in common with the Romans. One of the themes in their propaganda was the promotion of a link be- tween the emperor and the Roman general Pompey whose de- cisive victories in the 60s B.C. finally secured Roman authority in Asia Minor and the east.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9911", "words": "5552", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "66", "author": "Grant, John N.", "title": "Notes on Donatus\u2019 Commentary on Adelphoe", "date": "1971", "keywords": "commentary; demea; donatus; greek; isti; line; menander; micio; non; notes; play; point; scholion; terence; uxorem", "summary": "Donatus was originally and primarily making the point that in Menander Micio did not raise the question of age as an obstacle to the marriage. I hope to show here that if the wider context in which the relevant scholia stand is analyzed, the relationship of Terence's Adelphoe to the Menandrian original can be clarified with respect to the words of Micio at lines 43-44 and to the same character's opposition to a marriage with Sostrata at the end of the play (lines 934ff).", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9921", "words": "1971", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "76", "author": "Huxley, George", "title": "Kallimachos, the Assyrian River and the Bees of Demeter", "date": "1971", "keywords": "apollonios; assyrian; bees; honey; kallimachos; pontic; river; thermodon", "summary": "p,Eyac pooc, al\\l\\a Ta 7TOl\\I\\a \\ , ~'\\ \\ \\ ',/..' EKEtV'TO OE OVTW 7T0/\\/\\0\u00a3 WC7TEp Tp07T7]C YEYEVT/P.EVT/C, , \\ \\' 'i' '()' ~ -' t '() - ,/,.'", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9931", "words": "1588", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "82", "author": "Sokolowski, F.", "title": "On the Lex Sacra of the Deme Phrearrhioi", "date": "1971", "keywords": "demeter; kore; lines", "summary": "2. -1f]/J:T}'TPL 6hcfL., V. 4. 5. i\u20acp\u20acwc]VVtX, l(c)x[tov, V. 5-6. i\u20acP07TOt]ol, V. 7.", "mime": "application/pdf"}, {"id": "grbs-9941", "words": "7047", "extension": ".pdf", "flesch": "80", "author": "Oliver, James H.", "title": "Epaminondas of Acraephia", "date": "1971", "keywords": "acraephia; boeckh; city; decree; dittenberger; epaminondas; holleaux; inscription; kal; kat; leake; line; oliver; tou; tov; twv; ulrichs", "summary": "\\ \\ \\.1. [A.av{}]pw1Tlac aVTE7T