Lexical Notes on Dio Chrysostom HIGHET, GILBERT Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Summer 1974; 15, 2; ProQuest pg. 247 Lexical Notes on Dio Chrysostom Gilbert Highet I N A BRmF ARTICLE proposing certain emendations in the text of Dio Chrysostom's Euboean Discourse, W. B. Anderson concluded by re­ marking, "I may perhaps express the hope that the forthcoming revision of Liddell and Scott's Greek Lexicon will take more account of Dion than preceding editions have done. It is easy to point to words or to notable constructions which the Lexicon ignores."! That was written some seventy years ago. Unfortunately, even after the appear­ ance of the latest edition in 1940 (with its many Addenda et Corri­ genda on pp. 2043-111) and the Supplement in 1968, it is still true. Dio is often an attractive writer. His Greek, lively, copious and varied, deserves study for its own sake. A good number of words and locutions appear first in his work, to be taken up later by his admirers, such as Julian; but not enough of these are given in LS]. No doubt it is natural that Plutarch, a more famous and more important author, should be cited without mention of Dio for words used by both men. Such, for example, are: a8laTOC II, 'not seeing' (Dio Chrys. 4.113); aKa8EKToc, 'ungovernable' (Dio 7.138); oLaTopoc, neut. as adv., 'pierc­ ingly' (Dio 4.108); €7rtKWIJ.OC, 'revelling' (Dio 33.14); cTpaT~YTjI.La. 2, 'trick' (Dio 11.148); V7rTjVljLLOC 1.2, 'swift as the wind' (Dio 4.117); VCTEpl,w labs., 'hang back' from battle (Dio 2.30). It is, however, anom­ alous that some words used by Dio should have no other authority in LSJ than the Septuagint or late writers such as appian, and that others again (for example, ' [)..wJc, 'Trojan') should be wholly omitted. On pp. ix-x of his preface, Stuart Jones thanks Herbert W. Greene of Magdalen for his contributions to the lexicography of later Greek literature, "including the works of practically every non-technical 1 CR 19 (1905) 347. The following abbreviations are used: ARNIM=Dionis Prusaensis (sic) ... quae extant omnia, edidit apparatu critico instruxit J. de Arnim (2 vols., Berlin 1893 and 1896, repro 1962); DIO and BUDii=Dionis Chrysostomi orationes ... edidit Guy de Bude (2 vols., Leipzig 1916 and 1919); SCHMID=W. Schmid, "Der Atticismus des Dio Chrysostomus," ch.3 of vol. I (Stuttgart 1887) of Der Atticismus in seinen Hauptvertretern; SCHWYZER=E. Schwyzer, Griechische Grammatik (3 vols., Munich: I, 19593 ; II ed. A. Debrunner, 19592 ; III, index by D. Georgacas, 19601); Suppl.=Liddell, Scott, Jones, Greek-English Lexicon, a Supple­ ment edited by E. A. Barber with the assistance of P. Maas, M. Scheller and M. L. West (Oxford 1968). 247 248 LEXICAL NOTES ON DIO CHRYSOSTOM writer of importance from Polybius to Procopius." But among the authors whom Greene and others named with him read and ex­ cerpted, Dio Chrysostom is not mentioned; and it is difficult to escape the impression that his work has never been thoroughly examined for the Lexicon. Although a few omissions were repaired in the Supple­ ment-for instance, €V8VT1JC n, 'rightness' (Dio 36.23) and KOVPLK~ (sc. T'XVTJ) 'haircutting' (Dio 7.117)-many still exist. The following list is representative but does not claim to be nearly complete.2 ciypa~wc, 'without an official record' (Dio 31.132). LSJ cite P.Oxy. 267.19 (I cent.). aKovw IV, 'understand', 'take' in a certain sense (Dio 36.29). LSJ quote Julian. aKT7]fLWv, 'without property', of animals (i.e. not simply 'poor') (Dio 10.16): an unusual application, perhaps worth noting. cfXAofLeXL, aor. 2 info a>.ic8aL (Dio 7.4). LSJ give "Oppian, etc." *'AfLovcLa personified (Dio 32.61). Cf LSJ S.v. ciP€T7] IV. cifL~LYVO'W TLva, 'to be doubtful about' someone (Dio 7.54). LSJ cite Plato, Isocrates and others, but not with personal objects. tavav7]tPw (in Dio 4.77), not 'recover from a swoon' but metaph. 'sober up'. civa7T7Jpoc, "sts. spelt ciVa7T€LpOC in codd.": add Dio 3.21 Arnim. LSJ give LXX and Ev.Luc. *ava~lpw 12 med. abs., 'heave a deep sigh', impf. civ€~€p6fL1Jv (Dio 36.29). LSJ quote only the aorist. ciV€AAt7T7]C, 'unfailing' (Dio 2.68, 4.104). LSJ mention an inscription, Aelian and Pollux. *civlgoSoc n, of wealth, 'not circulating' (Dio 4.100). ciV€7TlypatP0c, 'without inscription', of statues (Dio 31.90). LSJ cite only inscriptions in this sense. ci~KOOC 2.c abs., 'ignorant'-a favorite word of Dio, e.g. 11.150,25.4, 32.7, 32.24, 42.4, and with a double meaning in 3.105, 'not hearing' and 'uninformed'; in 31.154 c.gen. LSJ cite Dem. 19.312 and Sallustius. civTLypa~w n.3, 'issue a rescript' (Dio 45.6). Inscriptional authority only in LSJ. *ci7TapxofLaL m.2, 'give charity' to a beggar (Dio 11.16). • An asterisk means that the word, or a particular form of the word. or a particular meaning of the word, does not appear in LSJ. A dagger shows that the interpretation in LSJ is erroneous. GILBERT HIGHET 249 *a:1T€A:1TlSW I c.acc. et inf, "aC'T7JfLu II, 'offspring, youngling' (Dio 36.59): "also in late Prose, Jul. Or. 7.232d," LSJ. 07JfL£oVPY7JfLu, 'creation', of the universe (Dio 12.34). LS] cite Zaleu­ cus (7th cent. B.C., ap. Stobaeus) and philo. O£U7TV€W ill, 'evaporate', of drugs (Dio 13.15). LS] refer to Aristotle. *o£uvy~c, comparative (Dio 30.44, 33.23). LS] give only superlative (as a v.l. in Aristotle). OtotK7JCtC, 'government' (Dio 1.42, 3.43). plato and others in LSJ. Eyyt~W II.2, 'be of close kin' (Dio 3.120, in MSS U and B). LSJ quote only LXX; and there is no other example in Stephanus. Ey€tpW 1.4, 'erect' a tent (Dio 12.18), a city (Dio 32.62). *€lcljivxw (so MSS and Bude), 'send coolness into' (Dio 12.31). *EKO€XOfLUt, 'admit' the sea, of the Syrtes (Dio 5.9). EKfL€>"wc, 'unmusically' (Dio 32046). For the adverbial form LS] cite only Pollux, while Stephanus quotes it from John of Antioch and Zosimus. EAucppvvw, 'lighten' (Dio 13.3). LSJ give Julian. EA€€w, impf. ~Movv (Dio 8.28). For this tense-form LS] quote only the comic poet Apollodorus. *eA€v()€ptu, 'nobility' of style (Dio 36.27). So H. L. Crosby in the Loeb translation and W. Elliger in his version (Zurich 1967). It could mean 'frankness'; but the speaker is thinking of the lofty style of Plato's myths, which Dio proceeds to emulate in §§39-60. *€Atg m.6, 'arabesque' on a wine-bowl (Dio 30.37); not 'vine-tendril', since it is paired with 'TOP€tu. 250 LEXICAL NOTES ON DI0 CHRYSOSTOM *E/-Lc/>paccw, pf. pass. E/-L'Irtc/>paK'raL (Dio 32.26). *;vc7Tov8oc, metaph., 'tame', of a speaker's audience (Dio 32.8). Note that the marginal paragraph numbers on p.269 of Arnim's text are wrong. *E7TavAl'0/-LaL, dep. with aor.pass., 'encamp on the field' (Dio 11.111). *E7Tac/>l7]/-LL, 'leave alone', 'refrain from plucking', of vines (Dio 7.46). E7T{cTa/-LaL 11.3, 'know' a person (Dio 30.1). LS] cite Aristophanes, Musonius, Lucian and Act.Ap. E7TO{VLOC, sung 'over the wine' (Dio 2.63). The MSS have E7TO{VWV, cor­ rected by Dindorf. LS] cite this form from Nonnus, E7TLO{VLOC from Theognis. *£:raLplw 1.2, 'prostitute oneself', of a woman (Dio 5.25, Pluto Per. 24). *£~8L£LVck, 'having a mild climate', superlative £~8L£LV6'Ta'Toc (Dio 6.1: £~8LVO'Ta'TOLC V, £~8LVW'Ta'TOLC U B). *£VA7]7T'TOC 2, 'easy to understand', comparative (Dio 18.11). LS] cite only Iamblichus for this sense and give no instance of the compara­ tive. £vp£/-La=£vp7]/-La (Dio 3.135). LS] offer a mixed bag of references. Schwyzer, I p.523 §1, says the change from a long to a short vowel before -/-La is typical of the Koine, giving many examples. Cf '1To/-La in Dio 30.36. *87]AVICOC, 'with women', of sexual intercourse (Dio 4.102); cf. app€VL­ ICOC above. lK/-LaC, 'moisture' in the soil (Dio 12.30). LS] quote only Ev.Luc. ZAaC'T~pLOV 11.2, 'propitiatory offering' (Dio 11.121). LS] cite Ep.Rom. and an inscription. *']AL£VC, 'Trojan' (Lycophron 1167, Dio 11.4, 33.8). lCa/-La'Toc I, 'toil' (Dio 3.124). The end of the article in LS] is slightly disordered; the citations should be rearranged thus: Aristotle, Dio, Lucian, and so on. *lCa/-L~' 'detour' (Dio 12.43). *lCa'TaVVC'Ta,w, metaph., 'be neglectful' (Dio 12.27). Ka'TaVVW II, 'accomplish' (Dio 3.127). LS] quote only Euripides. *Ka'Ta7TOvlw, 'wear out' by running, 'run down' a deer (Dio 7.71). *Ka'Tac/>povlw 2, pass. pf. lCa'Ta7T€c/>povijc8aL (Dio 31.158). KlfJ87]AOC I, of a '/-La-nov (Dio 10.14; K£p/-LaTLOv cj. Wilhelm). LS] cite LXX, also of a i/-La'TLov. K6poc (B), "rare in Prose, Pl.Lg. 772a"; add Dio 7.149. KOfJc/>OC 3, of persons=Kovc/>6vovc (Dio 3.20). LS] refer to Herodian. GILBERT HIGHET 251 KW(JWV{~W, pass., 'drink hard' (Dio 33.7). This might be added to LSj's references. Atxp.aw n med., 'lick up' (Dio 12.30). LS] cite Nicander. *AV7Tp6c n.2, 'painful', comparative (Dio 31.135; AV1r'YJp6TEPOV B). LS] refer to Aeschylus and Euripides, giving only the positive. *p.axAoc neut. as adv., 'lewdly', of a man (Dio 4.112). LS] should say "later also of men," as in the article dealing with P.€{Jvcoc. p.ETavacTTJc, 'migrant' (Dio 11.50; p.ETavacTan g. Cobet). LS] refer to Homer, Herodotus, Priscian and papyri. p.'Xpt m.2 with av and subj., 'as long as' (Dio 4.56). LS] cite Menan­ der and Aeneas Tacticus, in that order. p.~ B.3 after OTt (,that') (Dio 31.26). LS] refer to the astronomer Cleomedes and Lucian. *l'w{Jp6c 1, 'sluggish', of horses (Dio 8.3). oll'apwv III, colloq. for olvoc (Dio 7.76). The reference to Alexis and Diphilus in LS] should be transferred from I to III, since they use the word colloquially or affectionately, not pejoratively. tOKAa~wv 1 (Dio 1.78), 'giving way, wobbling', not 'folding-seat'. Schmid p.161 has it right, 'wanken'. *opy{'w II pass. 7TPOC Ttl'a (Dio 7.39). *opovnc, 'charge', of a warrior (Dio 36.13). t7TaAlp.7Tpa7'OC, 'sold more than once', of honors bestowed on several different men in succession (Dio 31.37). LS] have this reference in §2 with the interpretation 'good-for-nothing'; but the context refers to selling (Ka7TTJAOt, Ka7TTJAEvEW). *7Tapa.Aa.p.f3avw, 'catch, contract' a disease (Dio 4.103). 7Tapacp€pw 1II.3 pass., 'stagger', of a drunken man (Dio 32.94, cf 32.56). LS] cite only Diogenes Laertius. *7TEptaYKwl'l,w, pf. info pass. 7TEptTJYKwl'{c{Jat (Dio 32.90). For the verb LSJ refer to LXX, Eustathius and (in the Suppl.) Aesop. t7TEploTJp.a, 'girdle, corset' to improve the figure (Dio 31.116). LS] say only 'band', but the context implies the wearer is an effeminate dandy. 7T€pdAKW 2, metaph., 'push around, put off balance' (Dio 4.77). LS] cite Julian in a different metaphorical sense. *7TA~CWC III, superlative -wTaToc (Dio 36.45). 7TPOc(x'tTEW II, 'be a beggar' (Dio 11.15). LS] quote Plato, a papyrus, and a probable reading in Plutarch. pl7TTW IV, 'throwaway' money (Dio 3.15). 252 LEXICAL NOTES ON DIO CHRYSOSTOM *ca{pw (A), plup. with impf. sense, EC€C~P€L, 'was grinning' (Dio 1.79). tC€'\~VLOV (Dio 7.70), not 'little moon' but 'friend moon, dear moon'. 'Volkstiimlich', like {30{8LOV (7.12) and OlV&pLOV, says Schmid p.162. CKtJ,."VOC, of the monstrous 'offspring' of snake-women (Dio 5.19). CT{'\7TVOC, comparative (Dio 36.58). LSJ cite the superlative from Dio 35.23, the comparative only from Julian. *CTPVcf>VbC II, 'sour', of the face (Dio 4.72). cv,.,,{3&'\'\w 11.4 act., 'meet', with dat. (Dio 1.56). LSJ cite Arrian and papyri. cvvaypv7TV€W, 'keep awake with' (Dio 1.28). LS] give Aristaenetus and Philostratus. ctJPw, pass.aor.inf. cvpfjvaL (Dio 11.104). "Spat," says Schwyzer I p.714. LSJ cite Pausanias. *Ta,."L€tJw 11.4 med.abs., 'husband one's strength' (Dio 11.95). *TapC€tJc, 'man of Tarsus' (Aet.Ap. 21.39, Dio 33.57, 34.1, al). This word is given by Ruge in RE 4A (1932) 2414, and (with examples from coins and inscriptions) in 2421,2426,2433-34; he also cites 2 Mace. 4.30 (col. 2420) and Lucian, Maerob. 21 (col. 2423). He may be mistaken in attributing the form TapcLKbc to Dio (col. 2414): it appears in the titles of Dio's 33rd and 34th speeches, but was perhaps added by editors. *TacfJc, acc. TaW (Dio 12.2). LSJ give TacfJv or TaWv. T€p€nc,."a, 'humming, twanging' (Dio 32.62, if. 32.69). LSJ quote Diogenes ap. Diogenes Laertius, Lucian and Agathias. *T€cf>pa, 'splinters' of wrecked ships (Dio 7.51). This is the sense apparently required: so W. Elliger in his translation has "ein paar Splitter." But there is no parallel, and the word may be corrupt like its neighbor '\&povc. T'Y}'\avy~c II, 'conspicuous', of footprints in snow (Dio 7.19). LSJ refer only to poets and LXX. TPvY~TpLa, fem. of TPVY1JT~P, 'grape-gatherer', is scarcely worth listing, except that Dio uses it in 7.114, which is evidently inspired by Demosthenes 57.45 (note EpLOOC). LSJ gives only Demosthenes and Pollux. *tmalnoc, 'open to criticism, questionable', of coinage (Dio 31.24). tmb{3'\'Y}ToC, 'substitute' (Dio 11.102). LSJ give Sophocles. tcf>0€{pw I.3.b pass., 'rape' (Dio 11.153). LS] translate it as 'seduce', but the woman mentioned is Cassandra. cf>L'\&o,8oc, superl. -bTaToc, "Epic. ap.D.Chr. 32.84." The poem in which the word occurs is a parody of epic, which deserves to be in GILBERT HIGHET 253 P. Brandt's Parodorum epicorum Graecorum reliquiae, and which is likely to be by Dio himself. In the Suppl. this adjective is cited from Sappho fr.58.12 (Lobel-Page); the papyrus (P.Oxy. 1787 fr.1.ll) reads ]cptA'aot- 8ov. CPPOVTt,W 11.1,