CONTENTS * Editorial * The History of Sumaniyyah (Buddhism) and Its Doctrines in the Arabic-islamic Discourse – An Analysis — Prof. Dr. Thameem Ushama and Shihab Hamood Al-Tamimi * Islamophobia and its Historical Roots Content, Context, and Consequences — Mr. Mohammad Yaseen Gada * Ethical and Islamic Perspectives of Biotechnology Research and Human Consumption of Genetically Modified Organisms — Dr. Abdul Haseeb Ansari and Dr. Parveen Jamal * Social System of the Swat YËsufzÊ — Dr. Sultan-i-Rome * Obituary 5 7 35 61 81 111 Editor-in-Chief: Mrs. Sadia Rashid Editor: Dr. Ansar Zahid Khan Published by Hamdard Foundation Pakistan, Nazimabad, Karachi-74600, Pakistan. Telephones:36440184, 36616001-4, 36620945-49 Telefax: (92-21) 36611755 e-Mails: islamicus@hamdard.edu.pk hfp@hamdardfoundation.org Websites: www.hamdardfoundation.org [Hamdard Foundation Pakistan] www.hamdardlabswaqf.org [Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf)] www.hakimsaid.info [Idara-e-Said] Articles from this Journal are indexed in the Religion Index One: Acquisitions Specialist, American Theological Library Association, 300 S. Wacker Dr Ste 2100, Chicago, IL 60606, USA. The Hamdard Islamicus is also indexed by the Index to the Study of Religion Online: A cross-searchable database and bibliography of journal articles (ISSN: 1876-6641) http://media.brill.nl/c/isr/ which is the online version of the Brill Journal Science of Religion, published by the Brill Publishers (Netherlands / USA), P.O.Box 9000 2300 PA Leiden, The Netherlands. Articles and photographs in this issue may not be reproduced unless previous permission has been obtained from the Editor. Price Inland Foreign Pak. Rs. US $ Annual 650/- 120/- Single Copy 165/- 035/- Foreign airmail registered Postage: US$20/- w.e.f. 1st January, 2017 Printed by MAS Printers, Nazimabad, Karachi-74600, Pakistan. HAMDARD ISLAMICUS Quarterly Journal of Studies and Research in Islam Recognized by the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan Vol. XL April-June 2017 No. 2