213

Creativity and Innovation of Artist in Maintaining
 and Developing the Songah Tradition Art 

Ridwan Ridwan,  Tati Narawati, Uus Karwati, Yudi Sukmayadi 

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia

Submitted: June 30, 2020. Revised: September 29, 2020. Accepted: November 4, 2020

Abstract

Songah is one of the traditional arts originating from Citengah Village, Sumedang Regency. This 
art was formed from the creativity and innovation of the people of Citengah Village, Sumedang 
Regency to maintain the existence of traditional arts. Based on concern and love for their culture, 
the community continues to make reforms so that the existence of the songah art is maintained 
and can keep up with the times. This study aims to describe and analyze the creativity and in-
novation of society in utilizing existing natural resources as an effort to maintain and develop the 
songah traditional art. Through a qualitative approach and descriptive methods, the researchers 
reveal the creative process carried out by the people of Citengah Village in maintaining and de-
veloping the songah art. This study’s data were collected through observation, interviews, and 
strengthened by a literature review, which was then analyzed using descriptive qualitative tech-
niques. The results showed that the creativity of the people of Citengah Village in maintaining 
and developing the songah traditional art can be seen in the aspects of natural resource manage-
ment in the area. The community changed songong, which is a means of blowing fire in a furnace 
(Sundanese: Hawu), into an art tool called songah (songsong Citengah/songong kabungah). As a 
musical instrument having no tone, people who are members of the community collaborate song-
song with other musical instruments to produce a unique musical composition. The development 
of the s art cannot be separated from the innovation of the community that collaborates songah 
with other musical instruments. This has a positive impact on the songah art so that it can be 
side by side and not less competitive with other traditional arts, including arts originating from 
abroad. Based on the results of existing research, the development of community’s creativity and 
innovation in maintaining the existence of art needs to be done continuously to anticipate being 
alienated and the loss of traditional arts.

Keywords: creativity; innovation; traditional art; songah

How to Cite: Ridwan, R., Narawati, T., Karwati, U., Sukmayadi, Y. (2020). Creativity  and Innovation of Artist in 
Maintaining and Developing  the Songah Tradition Art. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research And Education, 20(2), 213-222

Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 20 (2) (2020), 213-222
Available online at http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/harmonia
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v20i2.25169

equipment, crafts, and even art tools as a 
means of fulfilling aesthetic needs. Besi-
des, the existing natural resources are also 
managed by the community to support the 
activities of developing the Village into a 
Tourism Village. 

The process of managing bamboo 
plants by the community is not done in-

INTRODUCTION 

Citengah Village is one of the vil-
lages in Sumedang Regency which has 
abundant natural wealth. The local villa-
ge community takes advantage of the na-
tural resources available to meet various 
needs such as household utensils, kitchen 
Corresponding author: 
 E-mail: ridwansimon@student.upi.edu  

p-ISSN 2541-1683|e-ISSN 2541-2426



Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 20 (2) (2020): 213-222214

dividually. In fact, in life in this world, 
humans need each other, including in ar-
tistic activities. Through the association 
of the public with domestic and foreign 
people, this will impact the emergence of 
awareness that the traditional arts that are 
owned should be preserved. 

Through the awareness and concern 
of the people of Citengah Village, efforts 
to preserve culture are carried out through 
community empowerment activities, na-
mely forming communities based on art 
and culture. The community is led by Ki 
Madhari as the traditional leader of Citen-
gah Village. Apart from being active in the 
arts, he is also a craftsman of art objects. 
The main purpose of the formation of this 
art is to build the abilities and skills pos-
sessed by Ki Madhari and the local com-
munity in the fields of crafts and arts. 

One of the results of Ki Madhari and 
the local community’s artistic activities is 
the songah art. This art had lost its existence 
in the local community until finally, the si-
tuation changed again in 2008. Previously, 
the songah art was not entirely a musical 
instrument, but was a separate instrument 
and had its respective functions. Like the 
songong which is a tool for blowing fire 
in a furnace (Sundanese: hawu), hatong as 
a means of calling pigeons which is com-
monly used in bird racing activities, kokop-
rak which is a tool to repel birds which are 
commonly used by farmers. Through revi-
talization activities carried out creatively 
by the art community led by Ki Madhari 
in 2013, the songah art was born and began 
to exist again as a form of musical perfor-
mance.

The songah art is currently not wide-
ly known by the community. However, the 
people of Citengah Village believe that if it 
continues to be developed, the existence of 
the songah art can still be sustainable. The 
same thing happened to the patrol music. 
Research conducted by Sari (2019) shows 
that there is no doubt that traditional arts 
are weakening in this global era. However, 
all of that can be anticipated by the patrol 
music supporters by making continuous 
innovation by utilizing technological de-

velopments and local customs. 
The existence of the instrument son-

gah is inseparable from the habits of the 
people in exploiting the natural potential, 
especially in managing bamboo plants. 
The proximity of local villagers to bam-
boo plants is due to Indonesia’s tropical 
climate so that bamboo plants thrive. The 
use of bamboo plants with the advantages 
of their material characteristics has been 
used creatively by our society to become 
household products, interiors, and musical 
instruments. Therefore, songah is one of the 
creative works of the people of Citengah 
Village in exploring the use of bamboo as a 
musical instrument.   

Creativity, according to (Utami, 
1999) as a humanistic psychologist, is the 
experience of expressing and actualizing 
individual identities concerning oneself, 
other people, and the environment. In line 
with this, Hulbeck (1945) states that “cre-
ative action is an omposing of one’s own 
whole personality on the environment in 
an unique and characteristic way.” Based 
on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 
(Setiawan, 2016; Wehmeier, 2005), creativi-
ty means “involving the use of skill and the 
imagination to produce something new or 
a work of art, and  having the skill and abi-
lity to produce something new, especially 
a work of art, showing this abilityBased on 
the above statement, creativity is a unique 
action that arises because of the interaction 
of individuals both with themselves and 
with their surroundings. 

Creativity seen from the point of 
view of psychoanalytic theory is the result 
of solving problems. According to Freud 
(2011), creativity emerges as a defense 
mechanism that is part of the personality. 
Creative people can easily solve various 
problems. Based on Freud’s theory, cre-
ativity can be formed through the family 
environment, school environment, and 
community environment. The three envi-
ronments are related to each other in the 
process of developing creativity.

From a humanistic point of view, 
creativity can develop as long as a person 
is alive and is not limited. In line with this 



Ridwan Ridwan et al., Creativity  and Innovation of Artist in Maintaining and Developing  215

statement, Maslow (1954) argues that cre-
ativity is a basic instinct so that it becomes 
a necessity. From the process of creativity, 
changes are made for the better than befo-
re. This can also be seen in the songah tradi-
tional art that has changed form, function, 
and performance. 

In this regard, there are several rele-
vant studies. Research conducted by Tjatur-
rini (2018) explains that innovation efforts 
in an art form can be made by combining 
two different aspects of art. Through her 
research, she found that there is an idiom 
of the barongsai art originating from China 
in the music performance of calung lengger. 
In this context, it appears that the existing 
art actors try to combine the two cultures 
(acculturation) in maintaining the existen-
ce of the art of Calung Lengger. 

In a different context of the study, 
research conducted by Irianto (2017) exp-
lains that changes and various innovations 
in traditional arts by utilizing technological 
developments can be carried out to main-
tain and preserve traditional arts. This is 
relevant to research conducted by Budi 
(2017) that explains that the modification 
of angklung carried out by Sundanese ar-
tists on the aspects of scales, game techni-
ques, materials, shapes, and ornaments 
or accessories is done as an effort to over-
come various weaknesses that exist so that 
the angklung musical instrument becomes 
better than before. This modification effort 
was also carried out to overcome the weak-
nesses of bamboo as the basic material for 
making angklung. 

Research conducted by Setiawan 
(2016) explains that creativity and innova-
tion in the performing arts are needed as 
an effort to maintain existing traditional 
arts. For example, the cultural acculturati-
on between the Sasak ethnic group as the 
original inhabitants of Mataram city and 
the ethnic immigrants including Javanese, 
Balinese, Bugis, Bima, Flores, Chinese, 
Arabic, and others has been able to main-
tain the continuity of existing arts. The per-
forming arts include Gamelan Gendang 
Beleq, Wayang Sasak, Betek Baris Lingsar, 
Cepung Theater, Cupak Gerantang Thea-

ter, and Indonesian dances. 
Subaharianto’s (2015) research that 

was conducted using an ethnographic ap-
proach explained the importance of the 
creative involvement of the role of young 
people based on local culture in the deve-
lopment of existing arts. This is relevant 
to the research results of Aswoyo & Sular-
so (2020) that explain that the concept of 
role models in festival management resul-
ting from the creativity of the local com-
munity turns out to be an important basis 
in the preservation of traditional arts. Li-
kewise, in different aspects, the research 
conducted by Jaja (2016) explains that the 
continuity of traditional arts in West Java 
is none other than due to real actions were 
taken by the community and the govern-
ment together. 

Based on existing findings and the-
ories related to community phenomena in 
developing art, it is necessary to study in-
depth the creative process carried out by 
the people of Citengah Village in utilizing 
bamboo plants to become the traditional 
art of songah. Apart from that, how do the 
people of Citengah Village make efforts to 
innovate so that the art of songah continues 
to exist in line with the changes in the so-
ciety. 

METHOD

This research was conducted in Ci-
tengah Village, Sumedang Regency, West 
Java. The subjects of this research are the 
people of Citengah Village who are mem-
bers of the community of art actors led by 
Ki Madhari. The research was conducted 
using a descriptive analysis method in a 
qualitative approach. This approach was 
chosen to provide an in-depth picture of 
the creative and innovation process car-
ried out by the people of Citengah Village 
in maintaining and developing the songah 
art. 

The research process is carried out 
by examining holistically the phenome-
na that occur in the community of Citen-
gah Village. The data collection process 
was carried out using direct observation 



Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 20 (2) (2020): 213-222216

techniques and was supported by informa-
tion obtained from literature reviews and 
interviews conducted with the chairman 
and members of the songah art communi-
ty group. Observations were made to get a 
real picture of what was happening in the 
field regarding the condition of the songah 
art in Citengah Village. Interviews were 
conducted to obtain information about the 
views, perceptions, responses, and expec-
tations of the local community regarding 
the songah art.

The data that has been collected from 
observations and interviews are then ana-
lyzed and strengthened by several related 
theories obtained from literature reviews. 
The data analysis technique was carried 
out qualitatively by describing in detail the 
results of the analysis of the research data 
obtained during the research. 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Creative Process of the Community of 
Citengah Village in the Songah Art

The village is an area that is admi-
nistratively included in Sumedang Regen-
cy, West Java. This area has abundant na-
tural potential and cultural arts that have 
the value of local wisdom. This is a unique 
and distinctive feature that will attract the 
area if it can be managed properly and ap-
propriately by the local community. 

Bamboo plants are one of the natural 
resources that are often found in Citengah 
Village. Plants  have quite a lot of fun-
ctions and benefits in the life of the Sun-
danese community, including the people 
of Citengah Village. The many functions 
and benefits of bamboo for people’s lives, 
make bamboo plants have physical value 
and implied a philosophical meaning that 
can be used as a guide for people’s lives, 
especially the Sundanese people. The In-
donesian Minister of Environment in the 
President Soeharto era (Laras & Nugra-
ha, 2015; Rosyadi, 2012; I. Setiawan et al., 
2017) revealed the concept of bamboo cul-
ture which states that Sundanese people 
are more familiar with bamboo trees, if 
they want to destroy Sundanese people, 

then first must destroy the bamboo tree. 
The habit of using bamboo as a fulfillment 
of needs in everyday life is then passed on 
to the next generation to become a culture. 
Bamboo plants are used to meet various 
needs, both household needs and aesthetic 
needs, including in artistic activities.   

The use of bamboo plants in artistic 
activities is not the first time that the com-
munity of Citengah Village has done it. 
Previously, there was the use of bamboo 
plants which were made into the main 
material in making housing as seen in the 
community of the Naga village, the houses 
of the Baduy tribe, and many more. This 
is done in addition to taking advantage of 
the existing natural wealth; the commu-
nity also believes that bamboo plants are 
sturdy and strong building materials.  

 Apart from being the main ingre-
dient in meeting primary needs, bam-
boo plants have also been widely used in 
making art tools. It can be seen from the 
many arts created by people from various 
regions such as angklung, calung, karinding, 
calempung from West Java, saluang from 
Minangkabau, rindik from Bali, Sasando 
from NTT, and many more.  

The Indonesian people and foreign 
people carry out the use of bamboo plants 
as an artistic tool. This can be seen from the 
existence of the art of shakuhachi which is 
a bamboo musical instrument originating 
from Japan, the musical instrument of khe-
ne from Thailand, the musical instrument 
of diggerido from Australia, the musical 
instrument of ocarina from Argentina, and 
others (Christine, 2016)

Creativity of the community of Ci-
tengah Village in utilizing bamboo plants 
in artistic activities continues to be deve-
loped to create the uniqueness of the arts 
it makes. Society changes Songsong which 
is one requirement that the original house-
hold appliance serves as a fire in the furna-
ce blower (Sundanese: hawu) into a musi-
cal instrument known as songah (songsong 
Citengah/songsong kabungah). The use of 
songsong as a household tool in everyday 
life has decreased because people have 
now switched to using modern equipment. 



Ridwan Ridwan et al., Creativity  and Innovation of Artist in Maintaining and Developing  217

The people of Citengah Village car-
ried out the art development effort by for-
ming a songah art community led by Ki 
Madhari as pupuhu of Citengah Village. 
The songah art community has a positive 
impact and a considerable influence on 
the preservation and development of the 
songah art indirectly. Through the use of 
songsong, the local community has indi-
rectly strengthened the culture in using 
songsong. This will also have an impact 
on the development of the village into a 
tourist village that can go global. 

Songah has six kinds of waditra cove-
ring big Songsong, small songsong, big ha-
tong, small hatong, kokoprak, and flute. Each 
waditra has different characteristics and 
functions. When viewed from the sound 
source, the instrument of songah belongs 
to the musical instrument of aerophone. 
The sound produced by the instrument of 
songah comes from the resonance of the air. 
The six waditra can be seen in the image be-
low.

 
Figure 1. The Musical Instrument of Songah 

(Source: Personal Documentation)

A big songsong is made with a length 
of 115 cm and a diameter of 5 cm. The way 
to play a big songsong is by blowing it using 
the technique of vibrating the lips so that 
the resulting sound resonance is unique. In 
this musical instrument, the function of the 
big songong is to act as a goong. The shape 
of a big songsong can be seen as follows.

Figure 2. Big songsong  
(Source: Personal Documentation)

The sound of the big songsong as 
mentioned in the previous section, when 
presented in the musical notation can be 
seen as follows:

 
Figure 3. The musical notation of the big 

songsong

In contrast to the big songsong, the 
small songsong is made with a length of 75 
cm and a diameter of 3 cm. However, the 
big songsong and the small songsong have 
similarities in the way they play, namely 
by being blown using a resonance techni-
que through lip vibrations. Based on the 
sound produced, the small songsong fun-
ctions as a drum. The shape of the small 
songsong can be seen as follows.

 
Figure 4. Small songsong  

(Source: Personal Documentation)



Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 20 (2) (2020): 213-222218

When presented in the notation, the 
sound of the small songsong can look as fol-
lows:

 
Figure 5. The notation of the small songsong

The big hatong is made with a length 
of 20 cm and a diameter of 5 cm, while the 
small hatong is made with a length of 10 cm 
and a diameter of 3 cm. The way to play 
hatong can be done by blowing and open-
ing the lid of the hatong so that it produ-
ces a sound that resembles the sound of a 
bird. The big hatong and the small hatong 
have the same sound function, namely as 
a melody. The hatong shape can be seen as 
follows.

 
Figure 6. Hatong (Source: Personal Documen-

tation)

Even though they have the same 
function as a melody, the sound produced 
from the big hatong and the small hatong 
has differences, so that when presented in 
a notation it can be seen as follows.

Figure 7. The notation of the big hatong

 

 
Figure 8. The notation of the small hatong

Unlike other waditra, kokoprak has 
no size requirement. Either in length or 
width. Kokoprak in the songah art serves as 
a regulator of the rhythm of a song or work 
repertoire (Simon, 2016). The shape of the 
kokoprak can be seen as follows.

 
Figure 9. Kokoprak (Source: Personal Docu-

mentation)

The sound of the kokoprak waditra, 
when presented in musical notation, can 
be seen as follows:

Figure 10. The notation of Kokoprak

The songah art was initially limited 
to songsong as a cooking tool that did not 
have a tone in the sound. But in the end, 
it was collaborated with other musical 
instruments to form a unique musical 
composition. The creativity possessed by 
the art community in Citengah Village in 
utilizing bamboo plants to become a mu-
sical instrument is a form of application of 
cognitive flexibility that is owned by each 
individual. This is marked by the beha-



Ridwan Ridwan et al., Creativity  and Innovation of Artist in Maintaining and Developing  219

vior of individuals who can adapt to the 
circumstances of their environment, as 
well as the ability to change their ways of 
thinking in dealing with a problem. This is 
in line with what Dariyo (2008) expressed 
that cognitive flexibility is an individual’s 
ability in a thought process characterized 
by fluency, flexibility, originality, and ela-
boration or developing ideas in solving 
problems. Like when people change songs-
ong as a tool for cooking into an art that 
can be used to satisfy aesthetic needs. Be-
sides, the development carried out by the 
community towards the songah art can also 
have an impact on cultural inheritance and 
village development through various com-
munity innovations that are applied to the 
songah art.  

Innovation in the Songah Art
The development of the times and 

the dynamic characteristics of society 
transform an inevitable reality. The chan-
ges that occur cannot be separated from 
the role of community creativity in facing 
the challenges of the dynamics of life that 
continues to develop. In the context of the 
people of Citengah Village, the songah art 
is one proof of the people’s creativity in 
transforming the shape and function of 
songsong (household appliances) to be-
come songah (the musical instrument) to 
fulfill its aesthetic needs. 

Transformation is a process of chan-
ging from one form to another which still 
resembles or is completely different from 
the original condition. In the field of art 
and culture, changes in the transforma-
tion process can be seen from the aspects 
of function and content both horizontally 
and vertically, which still show the identi-
ty of a culture (Rosana, 2017; Parmadie, et 
al., 2018). 

According to Leprianida (2009), 
transformation is a scientific concept as an 
analytical tool in understanding the world. 
One of the supporting factors for change 
in culture is the development of the times. 
Transformation is usually carried out to 
preserve local culture so that the next ge-
neration can enjoy it. 

Historically the bamboo music kno-
wn to the Sumedang people is angklung 
buncis. Performances are usually per-
formed in the Sumedang Larang palace 
on special occasions such as welcoming 
guests, traditional ceremonies, and other 
major palace events. Therefore, songah 
in Citengah village is one of the musical 
instruments created and developed by the 
community as an effort to adapt to envi-
ronmental changes and the demands of the 
need for expression and artistic creation. 

Along with the times, the people of 
Citengah Village changes the songah art 
performance of traditional to entertain-
ment functions without abandoning the 
values contained in it. The people who are 
members of the art community in Citengah 
Village have combined and collaborated 
on the songah art using traditional musical 
instruments and modern musical instru-
ments such as guitars, drums, and others. 
Besides, since then this art community has 
started to present popular songs, especial-
ly Sundanese pop songs. In this context, it 
shows that the innovation process carried 
out has led to the process of acculturation 
in the songah art.

  According to Nardy (2012) and Put-
ra (2017), acculturation is a combination of 
two harmonious and peaceful cultures that 
occur in life. This states that acculturation 
is the union of two or more cultures so that 
a new culture can be formed without eli-
minating the values   contained in the old 
culture.

Until now, the songah art in Citengah 
village continues to be developed and up-
dated, both in terms of arrangement and 
the variety of songs it performs. So that 
when this village was chosen as one of the 
“tourist villages” in the Sumedang Regen-
cy, the performance of the songah art beca-
me one of the attractions for tourists who 
came from within the country and abroad. 
As stated by Rogers (1983) that innovation 
is an idea of   new objects and practices for 
individuals who own it. Relevant to this 
statement, what has been done by the art 
community in Citengah Village is one of 
the efforts to preserve the songah art so that 



Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 20 (2) (2020): 213-222220

it exists and is maintained. 

The Process of the Songah Art Preserva-
tion

Efforts to preserve the songah art 
among the people of Citengah Village are 
carried out because the art contains local 
wisdom values   such as a sense of toget-
herness of “silih asah, silih asih, silih asuh”, 
humble, and willingness to sacrifice as 
relevant to the Sundanese philosophy (Si-
mon, 2016). There are six strategies carried 
out by the people of Citengah Village in 
preserving the songah art. The six strate-
gies are an extension of the word “SON-
GAH” which means training centers, 
organizations, nationalization, growing, 
appreciation, and entertainment. In detail, 
the existing conservation strategies can be 
explained as follows.

Training Center
The training center is one of the ef-

forts made by the art community of songah 
through learning. This activity is carried 
out in an integrated manner as part of a 
tour package that provides an opportunity 
for visitors/tourists to try to play the son-
gah art directly. Through this activity, the 
participants interactively and actively par-
ticipate in learning to play the instrument 
of songah in a relatively short time. 

When learning songah, the partici-
pants did not only learn the techniques 
and practice playing the musical instru-
ment. However, it also teaches the aesthe-
tic and ethical aspects of the songah art and 
some knowledge, skills, and values   related 
to the norms of life that apply in society. 
The efforts made by the people who are 
members of the art community in Citen-
gah Village seem relevant to the results of 
Sukmayadi and Masunah’s (2020) research 
conducted in Kampung Naga that teach-
ing carried out through oral traditions and 
demonstrations can be an effort of cultural 
heritage.

Organization
The formation of an art community 

in Citengah Village indirectly supports 

government programs in community em-
powerment activities to improve welfa-
re (Ridwan & Surya, 2018). This is in line 
with the mandate set out in  The Law of the 
Republic of Indonesia Number 11 0f 2009  
regarding social welfare. 

The songah art community in the Ci-
tengah village formed based on Rurukan 
of Nabawadatala tradition. Rurukan is the 
forum for responding to various problems 
related to ideas, thoughts, and suggestions 
to develop the culture of Citengah Village. 
The activities carried out by this rurukan 
tradition include (1) collaboration with the 
Youth Organization of Citengah Village, 
(2) fostering the art of songah, (3) training 
and developing health methods, and (4) 
practicing alternative health methods.

The community’s coaching activity 
towards the art of songah is not only a per-
formance art that can be enjoyed by local 
people. However, it can develop more wi-
dely because it has also been included in 
cultural tourism activities both nationally 
and internationally.

Nasionalization
Nationalization is a conservation 

strategy carried out by the art communi-
ty in Citengah Village in introducing the 
songah artto a wider area. This strategy 
has even encouraged the involvement of 
the music community in Citengah Villa-
ge in international scale events. On a na-
tional scale, the songah art has appeared at 
the Sumedang Regency Cultural Festival. 
In international events, the songah art has 
appeared at the 2019 Paraglidding World 
Championship Festival with 15 other types 
of arts.

Growing
Growth is a strategy of the Citengah 

Village community in sustainably develo-
ping the songah art so that it remains sustai-
nable. The efforts that have been made are 
such as making innovations in every show 
while maintaining its uniqueness. The uni-
queness becomes important because the 
more unique an art is, the more people are 
curious about it, so they will find out about 



Ridwan Ridwan et al., Creativity  and Innovation of Artist in Maintaining and Developing  221

it (Raka, n.d.). 
In addition to innovating, the art 

community in Citengah Village also stri-
ves to utilize existing technology to deve-
lop and preserve the songah art. This effort 
is done by recording music performances 
of songah which will then be uploaded on 
social media to be watched by the wider 
community. This effort is not only effective 
in introducing the songah art but also as a 
promotional medium for tourists.

Appreciation
Appreciation is a strategy of the art 

community in Citengah Village to increase 
public understanding of the songah art. The 
strategy carried out by this art communi-
ty is by increasing the number of perfor-
mance activities and conducting learning 
through training activities. This includes 
performances and direct involvement in 
training activities for visitors who come to 
Citengah Tourism Village.  

Entertainment
The function of art as entertainment 

is one of the characteristics of art today. 
Therefore, since the emergence of the son-
gah art until now, the art community in 
Citengah Village always strives to develop 
its arts from various aspects to entertain 
the supporting community. This effort is 
carried out by creatively developing the 
musical arrangements, choosing the types 
of songs, and the form of performances 
with the support of various innovations 
relevant to the characteristics and unique-
ness of the songah traditional art. 

CONCLUSIONS

The songah art is a form of creative 
work from the art community in Citengah 
Village. Changes in the times and the deve-
lopment of the existing society encourage 
the people in this village to change and de-
velop songsong which was originally only a 
household tool into a musical instrument. 
Various innovations and changes are con-
tinuously carried out so that the art of son-
gah is known by the people of Citengah 

Village and the wider community. Even as 
an effort for the welfare of the people of 
Citengah Village, this art is also one of the 
performers of interesting performances for 
tourists who come to Citengah Tourism 
Village. 

The songah art can survive and exist 
until now because the existing art commu-
nity has implemented various strategies, 
such as: (1) establishing a training center; 
(2) providing organizational guidance; (3) 
spreading over a wider area; (4) cultiva-
ting and developing the songah art conti-
nuously; (5) increasing community appre-
ciation efforts for the songah art; and (6) 
packaging the songah performances into 
interesting entertainment. 

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