id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
hij-929	Te, Matthew Christian L.; Bautista, Joaquin Antonio T.; Dimacali, Shaquille Michael Edward V.; Lood, Angelo Victor M.; Pangan, Marina Graciella M.; Chua, Alvin Y.	A Smart IoT Urban Flood Monitoring System Using a High-Performance Pressure Sensor with LoRaWAN	2024	19	.pdf	application/pdf	8180	484	60	To calculate the difference in water level between the outside and inside of the tube during a flood, Equation 2, which is used for open-ended U-tube manometers, can be used: HighTech and Innovation Journal Vol. 5, No. 4, December, 2024 921 ℎ1 = 𝑃 − 𝑃𝑎 𝜌𝑔 (2) where h1 denotes the water level difference, P is the pressure inside the tube when flood waters are present which can be obtained using the pressure sensor within the tube, Pa is atmospheric pressure, ρ is water density which is assumed to be a constant 1000 kg/m3, and g is acceleration due to gravity which is a constant 9.81 m/s2. 𝑙2 = 𝑃𝑎𝑙1 𝑃 (4) 𝑉1 = 𝜋 4 𝑑2𝑙1 (5) 𝑃𝑎𝑉1 = 𝑃𝑉2 (6) where l2 is the height of water inside the tube starting from the opening, l1 is the total height of the entire tube, h2 is the height of air present within the tube, V1 is the volume of air within the tube in atmospheric pressure, V2 is the volume when the air within the tube is compressed by flood waters, and d is the diameter of the tube.	cache/hij-929.pdf	txt/hij-929.txt