Volume l Henry IX NEWSLETTER OF THE Optometry Librarr, Vertical File: OPTOMETRIC HISTORICAL SOCIETY July 1970 Number 3 This is the first time I've edited a Newsletter. The pleasant thing about it, is that being acting editor, I can please myself wr~t to include; I'm even immune from Hofstetter, the President, (and Editor) of the Society, as he is somewhere across the Ocean. Now, having this newly found "power", I can take the opportunity to say a few words about the President& Indeed, with your permission, gentle reader, I'm dedicating this issue of the Newsletter to the President, Dr. Henry w. Hofstetter. The reason for this is (a) that if he were the editor his modesty would forbid it, and he wouldn't think of it (b) this is a very opportune time, historically, to pay some sort of tribute to him. As you will no doubt have read in the optometric journals, as from June, 1970, Hofstetter stepped down from being Director of the Division of Optometry, Indiana University, in order to devote "full time to teaching, research and writing" as a change from about a quarter of a century devoted primarily to administration. He of course remains on the faculty as Professor. I shall not review his curriculum vitae (the publications of which alone run to 14 pages) but ;will merely cite some aspects of his career. H. w. H. "'as bom in ·~ndsor, Ashtabula County, Ohio, September 10, 1914. He was reared on a farm and attended Western Reserve,&Kent State University. He received his Optometry training at The Ohio State University (B. Sc., 1939) and proceeded toM. Sc. in Physiological Optics (1940), being recipient of the first Ph. D. in Physiological Optics (1942). As a somewhat cautious, persevering and "slow" type of academic, it took him all of six years.before he had climbed the academic professorial rungs at Ohio State and became Dean at Los Angeles College! He re­ mained at L. A., for three years, and was then appointed Professor of Optometry and Director of Indiana University's newly created Divi­ sion of Optometry. He has been a member, at one time or another, or over forty organizations, ranging from Optometric Societies to the American Society of Human Genetics. A little delving revealed that he has received several honorary doctorates, and numerous other honors and awards. A brief glance through his file (I did say he was out of the country and hardly in a position to prevent me11) revealed that his lectures, chairmanships, presidencies, literally go into the hundreds. His publi­ cations (201 to date) vary from editorials, book reviews, papers, to monographs and books, including a dictionary. I am aware, that as an historian, I ought to be more specific and detailed. But why should I be, as editorl It's purely an historical tribute ending an era, and the last thing I want is for it to read like an obituary. It is not a case of "The King is dead; Long live the King". The truth is Henry the Hofstetter is very much alive, and we wish him good luck in his future teaching, research and writing. History is to-day. • • Hofstette~s eminently worthy successor is Dr. Gordon G. Heath. His early Optometric student days also stem back to Los Angeles, under Hofstetter's reign. Los Angeles, followed by Berkeley, and then Indiana. Los Angeles to Indiana, sounds like a familiar trail ••• Perhaps we may conclude with an almost analogous historical poser: what Professor, author of a book of optics, upon his resignation was succeeded by his former pupil, subsequently author of a great contribution to optics and vision? The answer goes back some 300 years. Isaac Barrow (1630-1677), author of Optical Lectures (1674), was followed by the great Isaac Newton (1642-1727), author of Opticks (1704). Both were Professors of Mathematics at Cambridge Uni­ versity. So, history can repeat itself ••• Bookshelf The latest historical book relating to Optometry, is James E. Lebensohn (editor), An Anthology of Ophthalmic Classics, (Williams & Wilkins Co., 407 p.,~6.oo). -- Nominations, please Unless I'm mistaken, it is nomination time. It is approaching the end of the first term of office for Maria Dablemont, our Secretary­ Treasurer. Maria has done a splendid job, and, of course, I for one hope she is re-nominated to continue the good work. She gets my vote. Richard Liebreich and the Earliest Fundus Atlas Probably the first fundus atlas was that produced by Richard Liebreich, in 1863, although the first published illustration of the fundus appeared ten years earlier. Twelve years had elapsed since von Helmholtz's construction of the ophthalmoscope (1851) before the atlas made its appearance. It seems incredible after looking through the atlas, that comparatively so short a time prior to its publication, the interior pathology of the eye had remained a great unknown. Con­ taining the vivid portrayal and description of conditions such as glau­ coma, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, hemmorhages, the optic disc in myopia, the appearance of the atlas must have seemed like an exciting new picture book! Within about twenty years the book had passed through several editions, with subsequent editions in English, French, and Spanish, the original (first) edition having been published in both the French and German languages. II Richard Liebreich was born 30 June, 1830, at Konigsberg. After completing his medical stu91es at Berlin and Halle, he proceeded to post graduate work with Brucke in Berlin and then with Donders at Utrecht. He was the first assistant in von Graefe's Clinic, his instructor in the art of ophthalmoscopy having been von Helmholtz. After practicing for several years in Berlin and Paris, and for a period of seven years as ophthalmic surgeon at St. Thomas's Hospital, London, he returned to Paris, where he remained for the rest of his life. How sophisticated, in retrospect, the modern fundus atlases must have appeared to him, towards the end of his life (1917), with their greater accuracy and detaill Leibreich's creativity extended to -20- other aspects of ophthalmology, for example, instrumentation and sur­ gical technique, to say nothing of his non-medical talents. For ophthalmology was only one facet of his various accomplishments. His obituary notice in the British Medical Journal, describes him as having been a 'distinguished ophthaimologist, painter, and sculptor ••• • and we could just add linguist. It was the fine arts that finally claimed his complete attention in his later years. Apart from his paintings and sculptures, he was especially interested in the correlation of painting techniques and peculiarities of coloring, in paintings, by the various great masters, to the anomalies and changes in their visual apparatus. One of his detailed studies was embodied in an account of the works of Turner and Mulready. In 1917, he could sincerely look back on an active and full life, having duly distinguished himself as ophthalmologist, painter and sculp­ tor. • .He died in Paris at the age of eighty-seven. ~ ~ Honorary Member Miss Margaret Mitchell, M. A., F. B. 0. A., has been elected as the first Honorary Member of the Society. Miss Mitchell, Librarian and Curator of the famous British Optical Association Library and Museum, in London, is also the Assistant Editor of The O~thalmic Optician. I can report to our members that she was siii'Cere delighted "at the great honour." Miss Mitchell has had a long and distinguished career with the B. o. A., and has also found time to write the occasional historical paper, in addition to having edited the British Optical Association Librarz ~ Museum Catalogues. ! 1.5th Century Eye .2!!.!:! Lynn Thorndike, in his Science ~ Thought !!!, the 1.5th Century (1929) recounts Bistichius 1 eye treatment, as tollows:-- "To cure films in the eyes of beasts, grind glass thoroughly and sift it well with a sieve and put it in the beasts 1 eyes, and within five days they will be cured. 11 Great !!! !! Vision• 1970 Anniversaries Bernards. Albinus (1697-1770). His claim to our attention is in connection with the mechanism of accommodation; he proposed that changes in corneal curvature were responsible. Richard Banister (1.570•1626), an itinerant English oculist, who was one of the first people to recognize absolute Glaucoma. He was the author of an historically important Breviary• Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870), wa.s the eminent Berlin ophthal­ mic surgeon. -21- A. Tschermak (1870-?) was Professor of physiology, Prague, and is remembered particularly for his researches on binocular vision. The Monocle An American is supposed to have commented that "Some ailments necessitate the wearing of a monocle. Being ar. Englishman is one of them." I wonder if one of our readers could let the editor know who was the American that originated the comment? The editor is an English­ man, who does not wear a monocle, but admits to having fitted several monocles while in Optometric practice. They were all fitted within the short period of some 18 months, the reason being that at this parti­ cular time, he was in pra.ctice near a famous military barracks, and the young officers found such plano lenses indispensible to complete their sartorial elegance, even if it did nothing for their visual acuity. The editor also remembers the occasion when one of his pa­ tients ordering a new cord for his monocle and although in person, he requested that it be gift-wrapped and "delivered" to him. The day after the patient received the cord, he returned to have the cord "fitted" to the monocle. I would be interested to know from members of the Society, what they feel would have been their professional fee for threading the cord through the monocle, bearing in mind "the messing about" that had ensued in sending the cord etc. The editor would like to hear what the members consider (a) a reasonable fee, if any; and (b) an exhorbi tant fee. Contributions, please Since the President's opening paragraph of the last Newsletter mentioned that someone else would be editor, correspondence from members has ceasedl Intentional or not, your temporary editor would request that you not remain silent until the return of the President and Editor. .After all, I do have to have 1news 1 for issues 4 and .51 J. R. Levene, Editor Supplement to Newsletter of the Optometric Historical Society, volume l, number 3, July, 1970. Bibliography of the History ~- Eyeglasses by John R. Levene, D. Phil. Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47401 The bibliography does not claim to be complete, but it does aim to list the main publications on the subject. It is a pleasure to thank my research assistant, Mrs. LeaAnne Bernstein, for her great help. J. R. L. Agarwal, R. K. Ahlstrom, o. Albertotti, G. Andrew, L. Anon. Anon. Ayscough, J. Further research on the origin of spectacles, Optician, 149, (March 12, 1965), 244-246. New theory on the origin of spectacles, Optician, 148, (November 1), 1964), 474-475. "The Art or Mistry": English Spectacle Makers of the 17th Century, Optician, 129, (March 18, 1955), 216-219. Glasogon, Stockholm, 1947. Moticelle intorno agli occhiali (occhiali dipinto), Padova, 191). Also in Ann. di. ottal., Pavia, 191), xlii, 121-127. - - Note critiche e bibliografiche riguardanti la storia degli occhiali, Ann. di ottal., xliii, Pavia, (1914), )28-350. -- Note sugli occhiali, Atti. Accad., )0, Padova, (1913-14), )11. - - Storia deglia Occhiali, St. Petersburg, 1914. U1teriori ricerche e studi intorno alla storia degli occhiali. Societ~ italiana di oftalmologia, Atti del Congresso 1924, Rome, (1925). - - Zincotypia d'un portrait avec lunettes peint par Thomas de M6dene en 1552, pr~aent~ au Xe Congr~s international d 1ophthalmologie, Janus, 1!1 Amst., (1904), 612-615. Some notes on the history of spectacles, Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire antiquarian society, 42, 1I9'8T, 4. - - The history of eyeglasses, Polic1inico, 67, Sez. prat., (It.), (1960), 1425-1426. - Invention of eyeglasses, Varia, Minerva Med., Tor., 48, (It.), (1957), 1648-165). A Short Account of the Eye and Nature of Vision, London, I7ss:- -- - ! Short Account of the Nature and Use of Spectacles, in which is Recommended a Kind of Glass for Spectacles "P'referable to any HithertOMade Use of for that Purpose, London, 1750. -1- Barck, c. r · Barduzzi, D. Barnett, A. Baudovin, M. Beckman, L. Blew, c. L. Bock, E. Boegehold, H. & Hartinger, H. Boudon, P. Bourgeois, A. Caesemaker, F. E. de Carbonelli, G. Cheinisse, L. Chevallier, J. G. A. The History of Spectacles, Chicago, 1907. The History of Spectacles, Optician, 139, (May 13, 1960), 457-463. Salvino degli Armati non fur l'inventore deg1i occhia1i, Riv. Stor. crit. Sci. Med. e nat., Silna, 12, (1921), 29-32. ----- - Spectacles Depicted by Ancient Artists, Optician, 104, (1942), 264-285. - Saint J'r&me et son binocle, Chron. med., xxiv, Par., (1917), 219. - - The invention of Spectacles, Opt. J., 1, 1895-96, 126. The origin and history of 09hthalmic lenses and spectacles, Diplomat, ~' (1942), 98-101. Die Brille und ihre Geschichte, Vienna, 1903. Das Brilleng1as ala optisches Instrument, Berlin, 1934. L1Usage ~ Lunettes, Castres, 1662. Saint J'r~me et son binocle, Chron. m,d. Par., xxv, (1916), 57-60. -- - Recherches historique sur l'origine des lunettes, Tran. Acad. nat. Reims, (1903), 113. ----- Les tapisseries de la cath,drale de Reims et les ana­ chronisms dans l'histoire des lunettes, Chron. m~d. Par., xxiv, (1917), 35-47. -- Lea besicles de E£! ancastres, Paris, 1923. Quel est 1 1 inventein des lunettes?, Chron. med. Par., 30 (1923)' 195-199. - - - Aenmerl:tingen £!!.!. de brillen !.!!, dezelven gebruyk, Ghent, 1841. Documenti figurati per la stovia degli occhiali, Rassegna 2!,clin. terap., xix, Roma, (1920), 61-66. . Quelques documents artistiques sur les lunettes, Presse med., xxxii, Par., (1924), 1319-1321. Le Conservateur de la Vue. Contenant en outre 1 1Exposi­ tion ~ l'Art de Fabriquer les Verres de tliiiettes, !! de Microscopes. • • le Catalogue General des Instruments qui Chevalier, c. Cirincione, G. Corson, R. Court, T. H. & Rohr, M. von Crookes, w. Danjon, A. & Couder, A. Daca de Valdes, B. Del Guerra, G. Del Lungo DeWaard, c. Doesschate, G. Dunscombe, M. w. Eisenhart, M. H. & Nelson, E. w. !! Fabriquent et ~ Vendent chez l 1Auteur, ~ leur Prix, Paris, 1EI2. Manuel Des Myopes, Paris, 1941. L'invenzione degli occhiali e gloria italiana, Ann. ottalm., 55, (1927), 930-932. Fashions in Eyeglasses from the 14th century to the present day, London, 19~ On the Development of Spectacles in London from the End of the Seventeenth Century, Trans. opt. Soc., 30, (1928- 29)' 1-21. - - The preparation of Eye Preserving Glass for Spectacles, Philos. Trans., 214, (1914), 1-25; Chern. News, 109, (1914), 265-267,-z70-280, 289-291; J. Soc:-chem:-Ind., Lond., 33, (1914), 646; J. Soc. Glass Tech., 7, (1923), 6-7. - -- - - Lunettes et Telescopes. Theorie, Conditions d1Emploi, Description, Reglage, Revue d'Optique, Paris, (1935). ~ de los Antoios pira ~ genero ~ Vista·s: ~ que se ensena a conocer os Grados gui a cada unole faltan de ,!!!! Vista, l los gue tienen §ua es.-:-: Por el 1. Benito Daca de-vaides,-wotario de el anto oficio de ii Ciuda ae-5eVilla. Dedicado a nueatra-5enora de 1a-Fuensanta !!!, ~ Ciudad de Cordova, Seville, 1623-;-- Alessandro della inventore o primo preparatore di occhiali, !!!.!.!. Stor. crit. Sci. Med. ~~ 24, (1933). £h! l'inventore degli occhiali?, Bologna, 1921. Die uitvinding der verrekijkers, The Hague, 19o6. Some historical notes on spectacles and on beryllus, Brit. ~ Ophth., lQ, (1946), 660-664. Spectacles ~ Beryllus, London, 1946. On the Evolution of Eyeglasses and Spectacles, Trans. opt. ~~ !l' (1911-13), 115-123. Development and manufacture of optical glass in America, ~ ~' iQ, (1940), 32J•J34o -3- Erggelet, H. Esser, A. Farrell, G. Feldhaus, F. K. nick, c. s. Fukushill&, G. Gasson, w. Glancy, A. E. Glaze, F. w. Go1esceano 1 C. Gordon, B. L. Greett, R. Brillenlehre. "Kurzes Handbuch der Ophthalmologie", Berlin, 1932. A Curious Example of Pseudo-Spectacles, Klin. Monatsbl. Augenh., 133, (September, 1958), 419-h23. Snellen and the E Chart, Sight Saving Rev., 28, (Summer, ly$8), 96-99. - - Taucherbrillen und andere Brillen bei Leonardo da Vinci (umisoo), Ztschr. f. ophth. Optik, ! 1 (1913), 148-151. ! Gross of Green Spectacles, London, 19$1. The Oxford--An Historical Survey, Optical Journal-Review, LXXIII, (September lS, 1936), 22-23; (October 1, 1936), 19, 30; (Oc~ober 151 1936), 30-32. Spectacles as Badges of Rank and Learning, Vision, 3, (1949), 3.5-36. - On presumably the oldest eyeglasses in Japan, J. Clin. Ophth., Tok7o1 ~~ (1962), 730-732. -- The Florentine Legend, Ophthalmic Optician, 9, (Septem- ber 6, 1969), 924•926, 933-935. ~ On the history of ophthalmic lenses, Am. J. Pgrsiol. Optics, ~~ (192.5), 393-402. -- History of optical glass production in the United States, Am. Ceramic Soc. Bull., 32, (19.53) 1 242-247, 281-284, 313-317. ---- -- Contribution l 11histoire des lunettes, Clin. p:rat. m5d-chir. de path., x, Paris, (1914), 2$, 49; 101 (1914), 28:- - - A short history of spectacles, J. aed. Soc., 48, (19.51), s. ----- Bruchstucke zur Geschichte der Brille, Klin. Monatsbl. ~ Augenh., !!• (1913), 37, 221. ----- Daza de Valdes: Uso de los Antojos, ZtoO~ 2t (1918), 97-104. Der Beri1 des mittelhochdeutschen Dichters Albrecht (1270), ztoO, 11, (1923), 66-67. --- Die Briefe des Francesco Redi uber die Erfindung der Bri1len, ~~ ~~ (1918), 1-11. Der vergrossernde Kr.YStale des Konrad von Wurzburg (c. 127.5), ztoo, !!1 (1923), 98-101. *For abbreviations, see page 16. -4- Die Antange der eigentlichen Brillen, ZfoO, i, (1913), 11-17. . ---- - ~ Erfindung ~ Ausenglaser. Kulturgeschichtliche Darstel1ung ~ urkundlichen Quellen, Berlin, 1921. Die historische Entwicke1ung der BrilleJ eine Au1eitung zum Verstandnis der Bril1enhaus ste11ung in dem Heidel­ berger Museum, Ber. u. d. Versammel. d. Sphth. Gesellsch., (Heidelb.), Wiesb., xxxii, (1913), 419-h 1. ·- Die Meisterbrillen von Nurnberg, ZfoO, 2, (1914/1$), 7-1$. ---- - Die Nietbrille, ~~ ~~ (1919), Heft 1. Die veglia des Carlo Dati uber die Erfindung der Brillen, !f22, !• Berlin, (1917), 6$-77. D. M. Manni: Deg1i occhiali da naso. Ueber die Nasen­ bri11en (1738), ~~ vii, Berlin, (1919), 1~10. Ein interessanter Anachronismus, das Jesuskind mit der Brille, ~' !• (1913/14), Heft 3. Ein Weiterer Fund historischer alter Bril1en, Arch. !:. Augenh., lxxii, Wiesb., (1912), 206-212. Eine Bri1le von vor 1$00, !f!Q, ! 1 (1913/lh), Heft 2. Eine Falschung ans der Geschichte der Bri11e, Ztoo, ,!!1 Berlin, (1921), 9-12. - Eine venetianische Bri1lenaacherordnung aus den Jahren 1288 bis 1317, ~~ ~~ (1922), Heft 32•34. Eine zweite venetianische Brillenmacherordnung vom Jahre 1319·1330, DOW, §, (1922), Heft 43-$0. Pruhe Sehhi1fen {bril, glasz, pari1len), ztoo, 12, (1924), l-2. - - Kritische Betracbtungen uber Funde von Bri11eng1asern und Lupen ans dem fruhen Altertum, ztoO, iv, Berlin, (1916), 142-146. - - Kurze Geschichte der Brillen und des Optikerbandwerks, weimar, 1938. - - - Lehrbuch der Fomen und Fassungen der Augetf1aser und ihrer Verwendung in dar Praxis, Jen8: Staa • Optr:­ kerschule, l925. --- Nich eine daterie Meisterbrille, ~~ ix, Berlin, (1921), 97. -s- Grossmann, T. Guadet, G. Guerra, c. T. Gunther, R. T. Hallauer, o. Hardy, W. E. Haynes, C. K. Henker, o. Heymann, Mme A. Hill, E. Horner, F. Hubner, w. Janson, P. Nikolaus von Cusas Buch "De beryl1o.", ZfoO, v, Berlin, (1917), 42-44. - - Spiegel und Augenspiegel zum Lesen. Ein Beitrag zur altesten Brillen geschichte, Ztschr. ~ Augenh., lii, Berlin, (1924), 311-320. Rivet glasses on a grotesque helmet of Henry VIII, 1511, ~ Mbl. Augenhk., 129, (1956), 559-561. Le plus Ancien Portrait Connu de Personnage Portant Lunettes (1352), Rev. d'Optique, 3, (1924), 105; J. Soc. Glass Tech., §., (l924J,Abs. 114. - - -- - Benito Daza de Valdes--a seventeenth century optometrist, :!..:..~ Opt.·Ass., J.g_, (February, 1961), 541-545. Early Science in Oxford, !' Oxford, 1923, 271-272. Die Brille und ihre Geschichte, Int. Congr. Ophthal., Lausanne, 1915.- An outline history of British spectacle making from 1629 onwards, Opt., 151, (1966), 677-684. Spectacles--Legendary and Historical, A paper delivered May 18, 1931, before the New York-Pennsylvania Academy of Optometry, Am. ~ of Opt., 2, (March, 1932), 8-26. Intro. to the Theorz of Spectacles, Trans. by R. Kanthack, London, 1924: Bericht des Ausschusses zur Schaffung von Richmassen fur Brillenglaser und Bri1lenglasfassungen, Dtsch. Mech. Ztg., (1917), 131; ~ Soc. Glass Tech., £, (1918), Abs. 159. Lunettes et Lorgnettes de jadis, Paris, 1911. Some historical data concerning glasses, Ophthal. Rec., 23, Chicago, (1914), 504-515. Eyeglasses and spectacles, History of. American Encfclo~edia of Ophthalmology, z, Chicago, (1915), 489 -49 3. Ueber Brillen aus alter und neuer Zeit, Zurich, 1885. Reprinted from~eujahrsblatt auf ~Jahr 1885 zum beaten des Waisenhauses in Zurich". Ueber die Brille, Reichsmed Anz., 31, (19o6), 264. From Spectacle to Contact Lens, Materia ~ Nordmark, 2' (1957), 139-142. -6- Jones, w. Kessler, H. Kirsch, H. Kitchiner, W. Kloth, H. Landolt, M. Landsberg, c. Laufer, B. Lebensohn, J. 3. Lerebours Libaude et Bongard de Roquigni Lloyd, R. I. Long, c. A. MacCallan, A. F. Magne, M. Manni, D. M. Manzini, c. A. Spectacle·Glasses, London, 1804. Eine alte J:..insen·Schleifbank und die zugehorigen rieri