OPTOMETRY LIBRARY ~JUI&· 1987 Volume 18 : ....... .. : ......... ... NEWSLETTER • lnd· •••••• OF THE f 'ana U,.,; ····:·······. __J)PTOMETRIC HISTORICAL SOCIET,;r JU vers,ty I /( 243 North Lindbergh Bouleva.Jid L 2 19B? i St. Louis, Missouri, 63141, US,hJ.. L 'b 1• : ,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 1 rar , : ......... ~ ... April 1987 Number 2 " ....... ,.,.,.,. : ..... : Earl~color aesthetics: Virtually absent from the optometry curriculum has been the study of the aesthetics of color, the empirical guidelines employed by artists to effect the most favorable visual sensations. Not until OHS member James Leeds recently showed me an old book by M. E. Chevreul, 1786-1889, did I realize that anyone had ever undertaken a scientific treatment of the topic. Chevreul's original text was written in 1835 and published in 1838, in French. The book shown to me was published in 1906 as a reprinting of the third edition of the English translation of Chevreul's book by Charles Martel under the title of "The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colours and their Applications to the Arts," London, George Belland Sons. According to the translator's prefatory comments the third English edition appeared in 1860 with the assurance that, "it is hoped that the book will now be found as perfect as it is possible to make it." Chevreul was a renowned French chemist whose concern with the perception of colors originated with his appointment as superintendent of the dyeing department of the Gobelin royal tapestry works. In his preliminary attempts to find explanations for perceptual color phenomena plaguing the tapestry makers he consulted the writings of Hauy, Buffon, Scherffer, Rumford, Prieur de la C~te-d'Or, et al. In his own endeavor to link together the phenomena he himself had observed, "so as to comprise them in one general expression in conformity with the writings I consulted. I was incessantly impelled ... by my friend M. Ampere who ... constantly replied,' So long as th~ ~ult Qf your Qbs~~at1Qna 1a no~ exp!:eS§~g ~~law the~~!:~ y:~luelesa to~·'" The law of simultaneous contrast which Chevreul ultimately derived to serve as the theme of the text is expressed in its simplest form as follows: "In the case where the eye sees at the same time two contiguous colours, they will appear as dissimilar as possible, both in their optical composition and in the height of their tone." Tone is defined in terms of levels of grayness. In other words, the law states that two samples of different hue or of different luminosity will seem to differ more when viewed in juxtaposition than when viewed widely separated. 18 l~·:.;.: ~ r:,. P~ifi 'H The almost 500 pages of the 1906 book deal with a wide range of the author's experimental observations and of practical applications of the law in chiaroscuro, painting, tapestry, carpets, mosaic, colored glass windows, textile' ·· ··- fabrics, calico-printing, paper staining, printing, maps, engravings, architecture, interior decoration, clothing and horticulture. Included are 15 colored plates with remarkably well pr~served hues. The colors blue, red, and yellow are classified as "simple" or "primary", with orange, green, and violet as "compound" or "secondary". It is apparent that the several editions of the book were big sellers and served for many years as the bible for color aesthetics. H~K~eneca, et al: You may have heard that emperor Nero (A.D. 37-68) used an emerald for viewing the gladiator combats and that his tutor and political consultant Seneca (c.4 B.C.- 65 A.D.) made a few observations about prism optics. But you may not have learned much about their personalities. If interested, you will enjoy reading Th~flam~~ of Rome, a documentary novel by Paul L. Maier, Doubleday and Company, 1981. The author is a professor of ancient history. He developed a story to fit known individuals and recorded facts in the history of Rome during the tumultuous two decades following A.D. 47. The book will not resolve the mystery of the smaragdus or emerald, but it will give you one very competent author's vivid appraisal and portrayal of the era, milieu, and personages. Very interesting reading. Earl~Etical oddities: In the February 1981 issue of QEtics New~, Vol. 13, no. 2, pp 24-25, W. Lewis Hyde has briefly reviewed the new Optics Gallery which opened in the summer of 1986 at the Science Museum in South Kensington, London. Among his illustrations of displayed items is a replica of an ornate 1727 Scottish gravestone for a 12 year old boy which includes two sculptured reliefs of skulls wearing spectacles. In a separate brief entitled "The Story Goes That. on page 47, Mr. Hyde tells of a human interest incident involving the optics book author, Sir Arthur Schuster. In 1873, Schuster had passed his oral doctoral exams at Heidelberg and was awarded the degree without a dissertation upon making a $50 deposit to be forfeited if his dissertation was not submitted within one year. A week later the university librarian hopefully suggested to Schuster that he not submit anything. It seems that such forfeitures were the only income of the library! 19 How the profession of optometry has fared in the communist countries remains largely an unknown for those of us elsewhere. What is apparent, however, is that the integrity of the profession in the communist world is most intact in East Germany. This may well be due in significant degree to the leadership of one person, Theo Glaser of Dresden, who celebrated his 75th birthday on December 26, 1986. An accolade to Herr Glaser by H. Gunther appears on page 193 of the November/December 1986 issue of Augenoptik, Vol. 103, No. 6. From it we learn that the honoree is " ... zu den aktivsten Kollegen in der Geschichte der Augenoptik ... " (among the most active colleagues in the history of ophthalmic optics). His career of well over a half century is marked with numerous leadership roles in a variety of professional organizational posts, boards, panels, and editorial assignments. He persistently proselytized the term "optometric", and from 1953 to 1978 headed an "optometric" study group or task force to improve the quality of clinical service. He is credited with 123 professional lectures and 431 publications of original scientific articles, translations, reviews, and reports, including a widely used book, "Die Phorien" (The phorias). He served two journals and an encyclopedia as editorial consultant. His topical interests included monocular testing techniques, clinical studies of binocularity functions, ophthalmic standards, and motorists vision. He designed several clinical instruments, presently in use. Though he has been relatively confined to his country, his views and philosophy are truly international in spirit. Would that he might now write his memoirs. Such memoirs would be an invaluable documentation of optometric history in a period and in a locale otherwise all too hazy. The Great Lakes Congress of Optometry is an annual regional gathering of optometrists of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin for continuing educational purposes under the auspices of the Optometric Extension Program. The meetings scheduled for May 2-3, 1987 in Chicago will be the 50th Anniversary. An anniversary celebration feature will be the attendance by Leo Manas, O.D., a retired professor of the Illinois College of Optometry for many years, a special invitee for the occasion. 20 J.G. Sivak reviewed "Israel: A foreign born optometrist looks back on his American dream" by Israel Dvorine, O.D., Scientific Publishing, Baltimore, 1986, in the February 1987 issue of the American Journal of Optometr~ and PhysiQlogical Qpt_ic§., Vol. 64, No. 2, p. 157. He concludes, "It should be included in the library of anyone interested in the history of optometry." Dr. Dvorine was born in Czarist Russia, studied optometry, engaged in private practice, published extensively, and developed a pseudo-isochromatic color blindness test. Much of the book deals with Dr. Dvorine's interpretations of the struggles of the profession. Qrr_th~_Q~igin of spectacles: The teasing search for the origin of spectacles continues, and the conjectural identifications of their inventor remain elusive. One recent literary review is the article "Spectacles: Past, Present, and Future" by Melvin L. Rubin in the March-April 1986 issue of ~ur~of_Qphthalmo~, Vol. 30, No. 5 pp. 321-327. Summarily reviewing the conventional notions of pre-spectacle visual aids in the ancient cultures he declares that "The first true spectacles were made about 1300." He then describes the subsequent development of spectacle design with several photographic illustrations from the American Academy of Ophthalmology Foundation Museum of Ophthalmology. In the November-December 1986 issue of the same journal, No. 3, pp. 185-188, O.H.S. member Charles E. Letocha responds with some added details in a very erudite letter to editor Rubin entitled "The Origin of Spectacles." Among other resources of scholarly significance Letocha cites, the only two original references to the invention of eyeglasses, the sermon by Friar Giordano da Rivolta in 1305 and the late 14th century death notice of Friar Alessandro Spina. He also cites the first mention of spectacles in a Venetian glassworkers regulation of April, 1300. He'favors the suggestions of historical researccher E. Rosen that, "most likely, the inventor was a lay person of Pisa" and "the date of the inventions is most likely 1286." He expresses disappointment in our failure to have given recognition to ~he invention's septicentennial during 1986. For reprint request purposes the authors' addresses are Melvin L. Rubin, M.D., University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Gainesville, FL 32601, and Charles E. Letocha, M.D., 444 Rathton Rd., York, PA 17403. 21 Another optometrist memorialized: The International Council of Omega Epsilon Phi fraternity has established the Dr~ Philip_QQoper_~~morial_Schol~~§hiP to be awarded annually to a second or third year student member of 0 E Phi fraternity. Mr. J. I. Hawkins, a civil engineer and the inventor and wearer of the first trifocals, was not very favorably impressed by the clinical skills and dedication of the practitioners of optometry of his day. In an article which appeared originally in 1826 in The Rgpertory of Patent Inventions, Vol. 3, pp. 347-353 and 385-392 he introduced his description of the marvels of bifocals with the following revealing paragraphs: But before going into the detail, I deem it proper strongly to impress on the mind of the reader the absolute necessity of his studying the subject for himself, if he would gain all the advantages that may be obtained from the use of spectacles For ... Finally, it is a hundred to one against his finding a spectacle vender who is both able and willing to investigate the state of the eyes, and adapt, in every minute circumstance, the best means of affording the greatest perfection of vision. Secondly, it is impossible that any person should communicate to an optician all his views and feelings, so that the optician shall have as lively a conception of them as the person himself possesses. Thirdly, in order to ascertain the true state of the eyes, it may in some cases be necessary to pursue a·course of experiment occasionally for several days or even weeks together; so as to obtain correct knowledge of the various circumstances, without dwelling upon any one observation long enough to fatigue the eyes. In this pursuit no one can enter so warmly as the person who is to be benefited by the result. And, fourthly, the state of the eyes is subject to variation, and , therefore, the spectacles which may be very good now, may be imperfect a year or two hence. 22 In a few paragraphs later he capped his point with the following assertion: ... for it as almost as reasonable to expect that one person by eating should satisfy the hunger of another, as that an optician's transient view of the eyes of another should enable him to provide the best means of affording distinct, clear, durable, and comfortable vision. The rest of the article deals with judging focal distance, use of an optometer, a make-shift method, the dimensions of glasses, and other practical details that the potential wearer should take into account. The article was reprinted in April 1967 in Manufacturing QEticigrr_lnt~~figtiQfigl, Vol. 19 (new series), NO. 10, pp. 539- 541 and 543-545, with some accompanying editorial notes by A. G. Bennett, and called to our attention by O.H.S. member Charles Letocha. To rehabilitate the lighting, interior and exterior, of the 1920 Colorada State Office Building, electrical engineer Les Yingling found himself involved with the Colorado State Historical Society. The historians "didn't want the public to perceive the place as a 1920's structure that had been gutted and turned into a 1986 office building." To ensure the success of the undertaking the original or recreated luminaires had to be ingeniously adapted to preserve their original appearance characteristics but equipped with technologically modern lamp sources. The interesting story is told with numerous pictures in an aricle by architect Charles Linn entitled, "The best of both worlds: Historic luminaires and modern illumination" in the March 1987 issue of ~~£hite£t~~gl_~ighting, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 20-25. The renowned Albrecht von Graefe had a famous ophthal~ological father, Carl Ferdinand von Graefe. He was born 8 March 1787 in Warschau (Warsaw) and died of typhus on 4 July 1840 in Hannover. His extensive surgical accomplishments and publications are described in an article by M. Jahne in the January/February issue of Ay~nopti~, Vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 18- 19, with a portrait on the inside front cover. In the same issue, page 19, B. Lutze gives a brief summary of the life and works of Allvar Gullstrand, 1862-1930, in recognition of the 125th anniversary of his birth. He, too, was the son of a physician. 23 OHS member Charles Letocha asks, "do you think the membership is generally aware of Levene's book 'Clinical Refraction'? It's such a gold mine of informatin and the title is so misleading." How true! The full title is "Clinical Refraction and Visual ~cience'', but misleading nevertheless. It is pure history from cover to cover, and in no sense does it deal with the current status of the terms in the title. Upon first seeing the book, I asked John Levene why this title was chosen. He explained that the publishers insisted that the book would not sell if it was identified as "history". Fortunately, those thoroughly interested in the history of optometry seem largely aware of this fine resource. Perhaps a few others have been serendipitously exposed to some history as a result. The book was published in 1977 by Butterworths and Company. H.W H. The OHS has maintained a remarkably constant membership count during its 17 years of existence. The count at the moment is 258, of whom 220 are in 35 of the 50 American states and in Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. The other 38 are in 17 different countries. Two of these are island countries and the other 15 are on six continents. The turnover of membership is really quite small, as is the growth. Dr. Irvin M. Borish, Benedict Professor of Optometry at the University of Houston adds his interesting comments on the origin of the Optometric Extension Program "21 points", often att,ributed to A. M. Skeffington, O.D. The following passages are excerpted from Dr. Borish's letter of March 10, 1987: I must apologize for not writing you sooner about the recent [October 1986, Vol. 17, p. 60] Society bulletin in which you mentioned the anniversary of the OEP "21" points and asked for suggestions of their origin. 24 I have assumed that the 21 points were derived from Sheard's original "18 tests" which he published in his book, DYNAMIC OCULAR TESTS in 1917. (A reprint of this paper appears beginning on page 42 in the SHEARD VOLUME - VISUAL AND OPHTHALMIC OPTICS, published as a memorial to Sheard in 1957.) Although Sheard did not use the same names for the tests which later became popular, he was covering the same areas. In a later paper entitled "Considerations Regarding the Analysis and Interpretation of Data on Ocular Accommodation and Convergence" (page 233) he proposes a new "20 test" routine and mentions his earlier shorter one. In this latter one, he uses the nomenclature which more closely approximates that used by Skeffington, although he describes pretty much the same tests in both papers. He gives credit in his second list to the "additions" of others. Sheard did not differentiate adduction from abduction, etc., in his original listing. He also did not separate the vertical phorias form the ductions as Skeff did later. If you compare the routines listed by Sheard and the Skeffington "21 points", you note that Sheard listed "History" as #1. This was not listed by Skeffington at all, so that Sheard's #2 becomes Skeff's #1, Sheard's #3 becomes Skeff's #2, etc., with just a few exceptions. Sheard first listed tests of amplitude of accommodation early in the routine, but later moved them back. He also originally included cyclophoria tests which Skeff totally ignored. Skeff introduced both "Binocular" and "dissociated" cross-cylinder findings where Sheard only used "monocular" cross-cylinders, and also added phoria tests of both values of the cross-cylinders. He also made two tests of the dynamic skiametry. This resulted in 21 "points" in Skeff's routine. The order and even the numbering seem, once you drop "history", "cyclophoria" and also "objective measurements of the amplitude of accommodation" and consider where Skeff inserted the added tests, almost too similar for just coincidence. Of course, science is full of examples of several individuals independently coming up with identical concepts, and so it may be here. I may also be influenced by the fact that Bill Needles supplied me with a good deal of the early history of Skeffington and I also spent some time with him myself early in my own career, and my inclination of the respective backgrounds and intellects, taking nothing away from Skeff, would prejudice me towards favoring Sheard as the likely originator. 25 The following article was originally printed in Harper's New MQn1hl~_tl28~~ine, September 1873, (Vol.47, No. 280). It is reprinted here in full: ........ ..::.. . : ::-~": ... - - r:a-::.: ~ ·(. ·~--~-.-.;~·;·;:r. : MY BLINDNESS AND ALBRECHT VON GRAEFE. : .-<~:· .; ~--· --·----- ____ B'l' THE REV. WJTJ.UV B. :MILBURN. " . . . - --.-- •.. ----------:-------- ·----~-----·__;_ __ .. ,U H&~ I was five years olgun~n. ofla.ncets, cups,ILnd leeches, Epsom- beautiful manipulation, wu com.manded by -- 26 596 HARPER'S ~LW liO~'"THLY MAGAZI~""E;• ·the professor to keep the boy in a dark room, ! I spoiled a peck before I ever be~efitctlcmc r• and the eye constantly wet with this pre- j Mine simply went into one of my profes11or's scription- solution of sugar of lead- and pecks. I '"'onder how many pecks, bn!!hel!t, the professor would see the patient to-ruor-! and tons of human eyes the faculty have row. The days wore on. The fire in the! disposed of, say, within forty years f eye abated until it was quenched, grnclual-1 Then there were two years of dnrlmes~ ·ly light was admitted into the room, and,j (larkness visible, intermitting with gha:;tly thanks to modern science and surgical skill, 1 flames, lurid fires, from two furnaces bt'at~tl a perfect cure bad been wrought. Bnt stay; 1 seven times hotter; for the other eye had hecn there's a slight scar, tlnd it must be removed. ; kindled into a blaze of inflammation. What To be sure, it does not nffect t.be sight, and: a long angnish it wall for thfl c.'hild, ft-r hi~ if the natural secretions of the eye are al- ; mother and father! The voices of all '"ho lowed to go on, they "'ill absorb it; bnt then ; entered that room of suffering were low, there is the honor of science and the rcpn-1 their steps light and muffled, as if it wrro tation of a great medical professor at stake • the chawber of death. The chief noise that -:-the operation must be repeated._ _ I broke the silence was ttlade by the moaus · There was another clay when a· number of~ and sobs of tile child, to which there was an gentlemen, who looked like clergymen, ex- I echo in tlle stifled sobs and prayers of hi!i cept that they wore dress-coats, and when 1 parents. Sometimes, when I think of the in deep thought held gold-beaded canes to j operation and it.s results, my frame grows their noses, as if there were pouncet-boxes ' rigid, my fists clinch, and I feel, had that or receptacles for disinfectants in the tops, or I child been mine, I should have brained tho as if the contact of gold with the delicate , cloctor before he could baTe put the caust.ic nerve at· the end of the nose had a stimula-~· in. According to physiology my system bll.8 ~-ting effect upon the organs of memory, in- andergone six- complete changes since then,- ---- vention, and device-Hermes's cadnceus, to : but my arms bear the marks of countless ··arouse wisdom and call the dead back to life 1 cut-s made by the lancet; for those were thu · .:_a day, I say, on which agroupofthese gen-: days of heroic medical trentment. I wmt · tlemen, attended each by his retainers, came i bled, cnppe~, _lee~hed _a_!le~L an_d _ D_lad.e to :-:-:lOgetlier to see tbe fire-king perform:-- Was 1 swallow enough nauseous, perilous stuff to ;-.-he going to swallow live coals, thrilst-his: start a respectable young druggist in tralle. -. -hand-into tbe-tlames,-or walk-int~a-heated iTo-help-allay-and-snbdutribe xagiog :fires in : furnace f No; only to thrust a ~ving brand I the swollen, almost bursting, ·eyes, the so ln­ . mto a little child's eye, and then write a ! tion of sugar of lead was aguin applied, as if i.J~ed article_ for the ~ext number_ of the ! it was resolved that what the inflammation , ·Medical Review, for the encouragement of,. spared the lead wash should destroy. 1\'ben ·--- eonntless ·smaller fire-kings in the rnral·re- I was released frOm-my gloomy chamber; :1.,, -­ . · gions to inflict like tortures npon other help-' a captive from a dungeon where almost in­ less victims. It is said the ''burned chHd 1 quisitorial horrors had been- experienced, _dre~~s_t}l~_fi_re~and_it_!la_p_be_ ea~Uy_imag~ ~ l'hrnnken_well7nigh._ to_IL.skeleton,_ it_ ~as ____ _ ined that, having had one touch ofthisnian's: fonnd that the sight of one eye bad depart­ quality, I should shrink from the second. ! ed forever, and that the lymph from the iu­ What could a child's cries, struggles, prayers ; flammation uniting with the residuum of the _a. vail f_ Where were my father and moth- l lead wa.s:U had formed opacities in the other, ___ - er f Why did not these gentlemen with the II which in due time would darken the sun. white cravats and gold canes and the fine Such was the beginning of my acquaint- . young stndents interfere and save a fi ve-year-1 a nee with oculists and their practice. Af!cr __ Dlclboy from his torturer L --Without an act: such an introduction-one-might- fancy tlillL __ _ of grace, a pat on the head, a caress, or word~ a larger and more intimate knowledge with of sympathy, the harsh man seized, fastened l the professors and their art would not be de- me as in stocks between his knees, pressed I sired. Bat hope makes us weak as well 88 --tnf-head-against-his-left-shonlde!J1md-reek-tstrong,-and-I-h~....-e-tberefore-performed-manY--­ lessly thrust the caustic through the eye-- . a pilgrimage, and made many visits to th~ . not a delicate operation, truly. But then his Jsbrines of great and illustrious professors of brother professors most agree with him that i the healing art, and have not disdained to it was a shame such a beautiful operation 1 visit at least one very famous, very money- -- should be spoiled by thee unmannerly be- making wonder-worker •. -As every one o_f. havior of tbat cnb. What right had he to my readers stands the chance of losing h18 ~:..make-such an nproar-aa if mOdern science sight, wholly or in part, and aa this pa~e ought to regarcl human agony T But that may be read by many of my brothers and Sl&- ~as-mor&-than forty years ago~,- I~ was the tel'8 iu infirmity.; I most need11 pause,aud.fol: __ ·.wont of a world-renowned American surgeon the benefit of all, aa well aa to gratify the : iil lecturing on the eye to the students to be- curiosity of future ages, try to sketch Dr. gin thus: "Gentlemen, tlie eye is the most del- Oxtnrn, a celebrated peripatetic friend of - icate organ of the body; you should be very I humanity, who devotes his days and nights cautious in beginning to treat it. I presume to the relief and cnro of impaired ears and 27 MY BLili'Dl\'"ESS AND ALBRECHT VON GRAEFE. 597 eyes for a very moderate compensation. Per- wept her eyes out in tw~ nlgllt;s-nnd-n .day haps I might be ashamed to coufe68 the when her husband died, who, in reply ·to . ___ acquaintance but that I happened to dine, your question whether she waa really bene- -. nearly twenty ·years ago;·wtth Mr. Prescott, ·nted,-.answered, ~..auch_ a.~dai.§~.o»·-· the historian, who, aa all the wodd knows, vincing mll.nner, _ · _ , • · . · _ . · :-· was nearly blind. ·:·As the talk -:went on- he --f'l thinkiam ali~tle-:,indeed,l~ig~~~Y __ _ .asked, : ____ ---·--' _.- ·: · • -· • . · · · ·. _;- • , a great deal; the gracious daylight ~s eom- - "Did you ever V18it Dr. Oxturn t" ._- · ing ba~k to me after that bitter .vale of Somewhat sensitive about my acquaint- tears." - . - . . .- - : - ::: >- ance with this illustrious humanitarian, I At last your tum comes. With becoming nnswered, in genuine-Yankee fashion, awe and thankf9lness yo~ enter the great "Did you f" . man's presence, take the chair opposite his, --liymeDil1lemmed aml"h11Wed,-and eemed ;rour-knee&-a.re-inclased..behveen his. t-o be enga.g~d in the solution of a knotty The light is good-he C81Jts a rapid glance problem, but at length replied, at your worst eye. "It is hopeless." Then ___ "J,Tmp!J,_~y~s=~- ha,·e---eeen him." . be looks for a few seconds at the other, and "With what result f" Iasliod..-.----~--- ·bids-you-look up,-down,--to the tight,..to..tha_ "I beg your pardon," he rejoined, "but are left, this way, toward your nose, now this you in the same boat f" . ' way a little. - _ Af~e~.E_~~paring notes it was found that .4 'That's very good; you have some power we had a conimon--e:s:perienee~---As- my ac- in -that -eye-there's light--bere-bad . .eyc, __ quaintance wit-h Dr. Oxturn goes back a \"ery bad eye, but I think I can benefit yon; score of years, nnd ns the fees which he de- han saved much won;e eyes than that.- My ri\"ed..from . .lir._Prescott, -~ys~lf, -~~-d _ ~hou- treatment is perfectly original. I ha\"e given sands of patients in all parts of the civilized- iiiylife ·to ·the eyc-=have-saved thousands~f­ world have been scrupulously devoted---i.e., blind men, women, and children. I live to a part of them, aa be always told you-to do good, but of course ·I say nothing about benevolent and religious purposes, I suppose that-let my ..eorkl praise me •.. l.Jl~~tand . that -110 delicate :feelings of pride ~aused:_ b.Y you arc a minister-! am a member .of. the -­ the ho'\or of snch an acquaintance ought to. -chrinib. -~ I.love~theministryl --I-giv~·a large­ make me shy or ashamed in &\·owing to the portion-the largest of my incon1~to the public and to posterity my intimate rela- spreadoftheGospel; butisayuothingabout --tioilswit'h-liim:--·In ·his-.ublime-mission~f- ha.t--I.eharge .. you.no:tbiug.J..!>J:~.Y.~~!!I.:_ relieving the ills to which our 1lesh is ht'ir, ination. .l.bave. exnmine4. h~jldreds of -be came· f1·om -his home . .across the .deep .io tho1;18~D:ds_ !l(.e_y~·-- -~~~ my fee f~r-·treS.t.:­ the New W orlu. The columns of the jour- ment will be two and a luilf' a· sitting: - x-- - nals heralded the advent of Dr. Oxturn to think I can give you sight enough to read. the chief <;ity of that portion of the Occi- What a pity that a 1ine young minister d~nt.al hemisphere in which I waa then liv- should not be able to pursue-his studies! ... illg, ehroti.icling at the same time the unpar-· Truly the fields are-white .unto the..barv.est._ alleled mighty cures he had. wrought in En- Shall I begin with you now t I always take · rope nnd America, urging with naive and ten- my fee in advance." · der voice all sufferers f1'0m diseases of the eye - It is needless to describe the treatment; .. and ear to t-isit the doctor's city of refuge. suffice it that the doct-or used most po\'\"er- With an army of sufterers drawn from all ful stimulants t-o excite what latent p9wcr ]l:uts of a ,·ast empire, I resorted to San Lo- there might be in the organ, thus seeming ret to, where miracles were performed. It to do good; bnt of course, when the,J"eaction­ was most edifying to see the crowd of human came on, you were in worse case than ever, creatures in the great man's anteroom, wait- and quitted your Loretto sllrine a sadder · · iug their turn, like children in the game and a wiser man, with a deeper shadow on ""here one is hot or enid a.s he is near or f:1r your path. I believe that Dr. O:s:turn still from the ohject concealed, as planets ap- sheds blessings on his race. However this :proaching or receding from the liun. Yon may be, I am sure that the affiicted public hacl to wait n. long time for your number to enjoys the service of ntauy of his disciples. be admitted to the presence of the grand Iu due time I made n. pilgrimage to Par--· Panjandrum. -Inflamed by that passion for is, but the renowned oculists of the French the good of the neighbor which animates tho school did me 110 good. After manifold e-x­ breast of humanity, overcoming your natural periences, each followed by disappointment, diffidence, you would eagerly question the and most of them by loss, I grew skeptical people around who were already under treat- as to the wonderful stories~ h~d heard about rueut. Deaf people wbose ears were coming the great advances ma.cle wttlun the last few back to them '""oulduot }lossess much inter- years by some European pr~fc88ors as to the . f'st for a blind man. You 'vantcd to see knowlctlge of the eye and 1ts proper treat­ those whose sight was recoYercd, or in course ment. At length I became iufonncll con- · of recovery. By mutual consent yon were ceming the ophthalmoscope, ~nd tllc revo~n­ rcfcrrel1 to :hll·s. Tearly, a lovely widow who tion wrought by n1cn of gemus through 1ts 28 .. o9S . -·· ··- IL4.RPER'S NEW- MO~"'TliLY MAGAZINE. - · ·· · - aid •. Dr. :Frederick William Holcomb, o~ days, and at thebeight of his fame .. Tbis New York, is the person to whom I was in- event occurred when .Albrecht was only debted for admission into this new world of twelve years of ~ge. .Although of a bright wonder. He studiecl my eye t~rough the and joyous disposition, and rel'eliug in nil _light of this magical instrument, aud began kinds of boyish fun and innocent mischief. to inspire me with hopo once more that my study 'vas a passion with him from his earli: steps might be led to where I could see as est days. Once, when acting the part of a well as feel the sun ; and my decision 'vas young lord in private theatricals, he turned madetovisitProfessorVon Graefe,ofBerlin. with ma.gisterial air to his own tutor, who __ . Ori ~-delightful September. afternoon in waa cast in. the part of a valet, and ex- 1868 my room in Paris was entered by my claimed, in a speech' not set down in tbe valued friend, Dr. Bliss, of New York, at- play," Was ever such a blockhead of a serv­ tended by the man whom I had crossed the ant seen f'' and squared old scores by admin­ ocean to see, of whom I no'v propose to give istering a. sound cutr on the ear. He pur­ some accoun~premising that the acquaint- sued his studies preparatory for the uuh·cr­ ance thus begnn ripened into friendship dur- sity in the gymnasium of the French colony ing the months of my sojonrri under the roof at Berlin; and such were Ilia ardor aml ot his hospital (Klinik) in Berlin. The world quickness that the six years' course was has had many benefactors in this century, concluded when he was only fifteen years bnt few deserve a higher pla~e in its lol'ing of age, and by reason or his yonth and the remembrance than he of whose brief bnt statute, he was compelled to wait a year be­ brilliant career I am now to speak._ For a fore entering the university. He devoted part· of the material of this sketch I am in- this year to mathematics and the physical debted to Dr. Warlmont, of Brussels, and to sciences with such enthusiasm and method, -- frienda:m Berlin • ..:...A. little way -beyond· the nnder the guidance of his accomplished maa­ Thiergarten, or pnulic park of Berlin, there ter, Goepel, thnt he completed his. university -·-stands "aiiobfe chAtenti; suiTonnded b)" a spa- course bi the first 'of these branches before ciouR arid beautiful garden, which, as well aa his entrance, so that by the time he was six­ the royal residence nenr a.t hand, was called teen he had done the mathematics, which -:oylh-e-olaBerlinen-Bellevu'e:-·· T.li'e.cbAteiii -few-meri-1iave-completed-nilde:i tht. age of --·was-a kingly present·from·Frederick·Will- one•and-twentr>·His ·home··was· still at --iam-III;; the- husband ~tbe-beantiful'-·but lovely·Bellevne;and itttqniet·charm soothed ill-fated Lonisa, and the father of Emperor and cheered him after the heat of the lect- ' .. William, to his beloved friend, Professor Von ore:room and the competition of the clase­ ~_Q_rii~fe_;_ t}le __ IjJ~~t~ren_9'\YDed. surge~~ A!!d_~ j,f_that -~~--)J~ call_~ .CO.m:P-eti.tion __ 'W~erein . · ulist of Gerinany in his day~a favorite at he distanced all his fellows. The nigbt1y .- once- of the conrt and the people, and· the heavens pos8essed an unspeakable fascina- . glory of Berlin's great university. It wa.s tion for him, and it was· his pleasing but here that his still more brilliant and famous hurtful practice to lie stretched for hours _§!)JLfin;t_oaw_t.he_light, on the_22d_of May,_ np_ggjbe ~,_ ~it]l his __ ~y~~tijx~4. upon the 1828. As in the · old story:.books, all the moon and stars. When warned by T1is moth­ good fairies seemed to gather around this lit- er of the harm to his health which ""otlld tle child's cradle-all save one-:-to bestow come from this exposure. he removed to a. spa- -upon. him- their choicest. gifts- One gave cions, unoccupied. apartment in the house, him beauty of person; another, a quick and and made his bed upon the door, the better fe~ile intellect; a third, sweetness of tem- to command through the wide windows the per;. the fourth, an inexhaustible taeulty for outlook of the starry firmament. Entering -words;. and- t~e-fifth, a benevolence- of- na.- the-University: o£ .Berlin .at ..the age of. six­ ture which knew no bounds.- The fairy that teen, he was graduated at nineteen, and 1'6- did not come was she who gives firm health ceived bis license to practice medicine. His .. and a robust constitution. ·Riches; honors, father had filled the chair of pathology and -geniue;-were-hitrbirtbrigbt;-aml-i~addm • ical-ltlrgery-from-iter-foundation ;-and..- to his gifted and distinguished father, it was that fat.her's distinguished success in his his happiness to possess a mother o.a noble profession, and the son's reverent love of ·in character as she was in family-.A.ugnsta hia J,Demory, no donbt gave the biu to his von .A.lten. : Such was the goocl old kiug's life and decided the choice of his career. interest in the ~hild that he offered ~ be His student· life (Lebrjahre). was . ended, ·his godfather, and dt~legated his· own son and at the instance of his beloved mother -- Albrecht to stand for him at the· baptismal- he started-upon- hia travels (Wanderjnhr~·) font in tbe l!"'rench church at Berlin, wJJere Hia private fortune enabled him to grat1fy ~ Jdoliere;-·tbe-·elergymsn,- gav& the--child--to all-lli& taste&· in- foreipcountries aa well 38 . . God. i.~ _-the_ holy sacrament, and named him at home; bnt his strong love for his friends .. .Albrecht.·, ... :;·: · · · · · _:-' '·-:":··:..- ledhimtoprefercongenialcompanionshipto The first dark cloud to shadow his young .esthetic refinement or sensual luxury. He life wa.." the sudden and premature death of therefore invited two of his fellow-students his excellent father, in the very prime of his to share the pleasure and profit of his jour- 29 MY BLTh'DNESS AND ALBRECHT VON <;)RAEFE. 599 neys, and himSelf bore-all.tbe expense ofthe fession '\\'hich he _baa clio'Bcri nuder the iii~ - party. ·Prague wae.his fil'llt stopping-place, 11uence of Arlt three years before at Prague-­ and here he enconu~red Arl~, who :w~ pur- the cure of the diseases of the human eye. _ _suing.JliL9.C~ist~!L~~n4_i~~9-.....:.~~~~!l~~~- ~is amp!4!fortnneenabled him.toestablitih a with such enthusiasm th~t- young Von Kliriik, or privatell08p1tiil; it-O'ilceTbntno- -·Graefe f~ltthe_~ou~io~, a~d «J~i~~-~-d~:- patients, were found to occupy the warda at vote. himself. to ·this specialty. It was at firSt; save rabbits.- Providing ll1ni8elfWith -­ this time that the fotmdations were laid of a oollection of these little_ animals; h~_·gave that brotherly attachment and love _between individuality to each by fastening tiny brass Arlt and Von Graefe, which were arrested plates to their ears, on which their numbers only by the ]aitter's death. From Prague be were inscribed; aud producing in their eyes proceeded to Vienna, where be .made the the diseases to which man's organ is sub- _acquAintance and became the o il of AI- ·ect, he then skillfully treated them by ap-. fred Jaeger, celebrated for his oculistic_ skill plication or operatiOn, and made as careful and knowledge .. _Thence Von Graefe and a daily register of e~h case as though be his two frieo~ proceeded to Paris, . , . were dealing "·ith f~atherless bipeds. · It ---In._l>..m-ia...the..sceptre .ni_oculistic.leaming . .was_~Qt _lo~g, }J_Q)VeV:~ _l~~fore -~~m:ll!_ll~-­ anu skill was divided_ between two men, tients began to 1lock to him, and these were .. D~smarres and Sichel ; indeed, their fame soon followed by students, medical men, and was not only Eoropeau, bnt world-wide. professors, who came to bear him lecture . Yon Graefe.lleca.me_tbe_devoted..studcnt _of And_wi_ti)~ _'Yl_u~.tfCL~~!!~~!:_ his _£per~ both, but he was especially drawn by the tions. . brilliant originality o( views, the wide med- AB yet, the wisest physiologists and most ical ]earning, and the ntarvelous dexterity experienced oculists knew comparatively in ·-operntion-for-which--Desmarres--w-as:~ ittle.of-the-diseases..oLthe...bnman eye...aud_ justly celebrated, and which gave him .the the proper methods ·for their treatment. largest and.best-appoinf;ed Klinik and the The range of the most skillful observer was _ vastes~ p~ti~.lJ.po~ ear~h~ _ H_is _t!I!l~ was_ li~ite_d to the mere surface of the living or­ so engrossed by_the practical ~uties .of his gao, and what-slight glimp8e'oftbe interior· profession--and -t~~m~nse ·n11mber -i)f-;his could -be~~ght -through--tbe~-impiL --:OL patients that.Desmarres had not-_the leisure_ .90~rse- the _eye of a dead man could be~ _ to follow out aud test the conclusions of_ sected, it~ auatomi_cal strnctnre · be etodied · . _many_Q.f his OWJLQ!!g!nal sng~tions •.. Bot and _understood, and some guess be made as among tb~ t~~l!g -~!:_s!~~le_!l~S~ho.gatbe totlie-fun-ction-sorthe-·varionsparts;-bnt-­ to hear .him lecto:r:e and Jlee. him operate• the--wb-()le-irite_rior-of the-eye; and -many, il -­ there --.was ·a-modest: arid~beautiful·-_yonug- not -most--of the -dis_ea:ses ·to -w hieh it -is -sub- - German, whose dark)>loe eyes responded to ject, were nearly a sealed book to the pro- _ every suggestive .hint, and: .followed every fessio~al.ae well as to the ordinary observer. stroke .of the ·knife, while his broad,Yich na- There is one -disease;· for example, -ealled ture..Ieceiv.ed,..as.in.a.iertiluo_il, the_~~~~t:::. gl~n.c~J!I.Jit_, _t~ __ '\!hJ~!t-.~~J!S ·or ..Ei>th sexes, ed conjectures and prognostications as seed of all ages and ranks in life, are subject, iind ~ grains droppe_d l)y Desm~es, and where in from -which tens of thousands annually lost due ti~e they were;to ri_pen to a };larvest of their sight, and thenceforth remained in nn-.• blessing for the human race::- Von_ Graefe's broken and hopeless gloom, for not oniy ·· profound knowledge of anatomy an« physi- was t.be disease beld to be incnrable, but its . ology, coupled with his habits ofgeneraliza- cause and conditions were hidden in the tion, enabled hi in to appreciate, even more deepest mystery. By rea &On of the new _. than Desmarres himself, the value of many light thrown npon the delicate mechanism of the,-maeter's hints, -and to -see ~·hither of the eye, and the almost exhaustive knowl-__ · they led. Not content with his present at- edge of the maladies from which it suffers tainments, lte keenly pol'llned, while in Par- gained within the last twenty years, Jaeger, is, his physiological researches 1\ith Claude of Viennn, has been able to construct a se­ Bernard, and proceMed to London to pros- ries of charts, showing the whole oft be inner ecute them still farther, especially in the di- ns well as the out.er parts of the eye under rection of the eye, under the guidance of the the action of .euch of the. one thous:md_dis­ great and then unequaled B_owman. It was eases-so enormous is the number-of here his happiness to become the fellow-stu- which it is the prey. · . · . dent and intimate friend of one whose_ im- _Von Graefe bad scarcely been engaged in mense learning and profound genius entitle the practice of his profe88ion a year when him to an immortality of renown-Donders, o~e. of the world's greatest philosophers in­ of Utrecht. vented an instrument which was destined After a brief visit- to Dublin and Ed in- to accomplish as much for the eye ns -the burgh, Von Graefe returned to his native city telescope bas for the hea,·ens: The great in 1850; and when only .about twenty-two mathematician and physiologist, Helruholtz, years of age, settled ltimself in Berlin for t.he of Heidelberg, sorely feeling the need of. a practice of that branch of the medical pro-. glass by_w_hich to_~e the e_ye's in:terio!, set . • 30 -· 600 ·-· ____ . ____ . H.A.RPER'S NEW MO~-rHLY l\llGAZThTE. _·_·_·:..___- his mathematics to work to demonstrate just where master a.ud pupils were rivals. lt --what was tieedell, aiHl then· wrought the cnn- would be bard to convey to those who never ning mirror, and the ophthalmoscope was knew him an adequate and yet credible no­ given to the worlll. This year, 18517 forms tion of this man's tirelesa and almost super­ an era. in the history of human sorrow, and human labors. Although slight of build the means for alleviating aud removing one narrow-chested, often gasping for.breath,l1~ of its great causes-blindness. · Fortunate seemed to defy fatigue, and set at nau,...ht in his organization, his estate in life, his pre- the limita.tions of work which hedge m~st para.tory studies, his friends, and his career, men's activity. He was usually up by sev­ 'V on Graefe was now in a position to do more en, passed an hour or two in study, then -·-than-all meii before hiiiltogether had done read and answered his letters \vhile takin,...­ for the practical knowledgo of the eye and his coffee. Nine was the hour for hislectur~ its ills, and for their relief . .oUmed with this at the Klinik, where students and physicians magic mirror, he pursued his investigations, from all parts of the globe were gathered. - night and day, with the zeal and energy Fleet as his horses were, he was usually be­ which men leud to the search for gold. Dr. hind time. All impatience, however, was - Groesclien happily says, in speaking of the banished,-aa ·witli a quick step he entered, friendship h~t~veen Von Graefe, A.rlt, and breathless but smiling, and said, "I was to Douders, whose love for each other was like be punctual to-day; well, that will be for .. that of.David and Jonathan_: "They were to-morrow." A more beautiful man's face like the leaves of the clover, 'Wilen Helm- thdn his has hardly been seen in modern . holtz and his discovery, joined to them, times •. Who that has looked npon it can .. --imide. th~--foiir-leaved · cloYer-presrige of forge.fihe.high, broad l)ri:)\\r- of the-noble - · happy fortune.'' . head, the dark blne eyes,' and the exquisito .::.:_:.:..._In __ lB56,1ive.years aftex: the.. discovery _o( lipa,:where sat such mingled beauty and pow:.~--­ the ophthalmoscope, Von Graefe; a savau t of er f It seemed, indeed, only as a lovely trans­ :··tWenty-seven· years, banished to the night parency. .through· which the light of a still ·.-·of the past the blindness fatally attached to more lovely ao~l was shining. His action was the glaucomatous eye; Before him no man in quick and decided, yet graceful, his voice :-the hist.oryof the world had ever successful.; very-pleasant to-·th4f· ear;" his speech· easy-­ ~ly-grappled with this mighty evil; now, in and-afBuent.--Hi&manher-h&d.-the simplic­ .....,..the-light of his genius,. and in the hands-of. ity and sporti-veneS&.of.&-cbUd!s, and-yet..yoll.--.. /his· disciples, none need ever loae his sight felt the dignity and authority of a master • . · from glaucoma. · In the-discovery of the na- Wholly unaJI'ected, and-even unconscious, in . ture a.nd cure of this disease, and in the rev-· all he said and did, he yet breathed around ~oliitione1fecte0.--ielative-t0 -strabisniriS anO: yoiithe-atirioapliere· oi8upfeiri.e-getiius:· It ·­ : .. strabotomy, there was enough to immortal- was strange to watch the love and rev~rence ize two men; and we are only at 1857. Even which attended his steps. · The hour's lect­ by 1854 Paris bad ceased to be the seat of the ure over, during which he had held the highest activity and success in this depart- great throng spell-bound and even breath­ ment of-sCleiiCe and art.-TheaCknowfedgeC:f less-oylii8 eloquence, tli6_ue_atll-litre8till-­ sceptre of authority and power had been ness broken now and t~en by irrepressible trnnsferredfromDesmarresand.Sicbel to the applause, he proceeded on his daily visit _y..QJJtbfnl_haucls of their late. pupil,.but no..w through the_:wards. of. hi~_hospiW,...__))ay_by __ ··master, Von Graefe. In this year he added day hiA-e I noticed the :flurried manner of to his Klinik and lectureship a uew element nurses and attendants, their eagerness tern­ of power in the shape of a publication called pered by a kind of devout worship, the hnsh -~h~~4~~jr~~- oLOphthalmology. _ From_ this oCexpectatioiLV!'hich_wai,t_e!l_th~_ mjlSt~~~­ time, at leait, the Latin forms of oculistics coming-...;....arid, now you hear his :fteet, light aul} oculist make way for the Greek oph- st-e_ps;-which-keep his aids upon a ron. He tha.lmology·and ophthalmologist. The first is.-iU: your room, where darkness and pain volume of the Archiru. appeued.. nnde · :v~iah.a.t.bia.dleeri:og aalntation.....The..bau.y.::._ own name, bnt from that time' forth under agee are removed in a trice. The examina.- . the names of A.rlt, Donders, an_d· Von Graefe, tion is made with rigid fidelity-there is no and is the treasnre-holl8e holding all the haste here; the bandages n.re replaced, and _ modern kno'\\·ledge conceriling the _eye and away he goes, with -loving words, which --ita treatment. · ···· '·_;.!_,.~ -_-,. • --·'--~-' leave sunshine behind him. ::.. - ; · .. Doring the ten years that·~~psed from . To~ Klinik all wlio wished bi.8 care and . .:.:..1857 t-0.1867 various inestimable P!Jpera were service, no matter. what- their- rank or for-:· ·published by Von Graefe in the ~rehiff.a. I tune, were obliged to come and take a bed. _:_willn.ot retracathe life he..led.durl.ng.theae Hal.£ the patienta,.atlea8t,.wereso poor_tha~­ teu years, which were the most active and they could not pay the mastets fee, and were fruitful that Providence accorded him. All even unable to defray the charge of their liv- . those who ~t this timo attended his Klinik ing: this came out of his generous bounty, have kept the remembrance of the zeal and and they received the same attention as th~­ efforts displayed in this arena of science, richest clients. After the 'risit to every pa­• 31 liY BLINDl\"ESS AND .ALBRECHT VON GRAEFE. 601 tient, the operntions began. -·Each case· bad His generous heart co old not resist the ap­ been thoroughly examined and _studie'd by peals of the unfortunate; and he held that one of his aids, nod then by the master him- a holiday in which he wo.s obliged to work -self; -8o·t~at-he -knew -jnst w!tat-to--do;tnd only-eight -or ten -bou1'8.--ln·l85Hle-attend- - bow to do tt. Some days there were as many ed a congre88 of ophthalmologists in B~ ··as sixty persons to .00 operat-ed upon.---Each sels; --whure-· his·· paper- -on -the -theory--and . - patient wae numbered, and the line was mar• treatment of glaucoma wae received 'With shaled by the aesistants and nurses. :One an outburst of rapturolia and long-contin- . by one they quickly took their places on the ned applause by the. two· hundred distin­ table; while, seated 'in his chair, his instro- guished men present. The idea of the con­ mente at hand, the master proceeded prompt- gross pleased him, and he at once convoked Jy, but gently, to inflict the pain which wae a similar meeting of the leading men of his --to givethe-life..long-TeH , · refession "-in-his-fatber-l&Bd-at-HeidelbeFg.- hundreds, of students standing by to witrieBB From that time to 1868 he regularly attend­ the dextrous manipulation. Scientific meth- ed these meetings (except when hindered by od and military system reigned throughout, sickness), of which he wae the very centro · aud yet no exnct--programnurof details bound and soul;-and·for which_ile-reserved·the -an-·­ this man in chains ; he kept hiniself free to noun cement of the results ·of his profound meet whatever exigency might arise hour by studies, ae well as of his original and brill­ hour. ··· · :· ': ···'·'··< ·. ' ·. •. in.nt operations-thus sending away the -··· ··The -operations "'W'Cre-o811ally-ended-by·5 throng ·of·his disciplesil~atbered ·from mn.ny·­ P..M., the hour at which be professed to dine; lands year aft-er year, with a precious freight but his swift horses rarely brought him to of new suggestions, knowledge, and power. his bouse much before six. At dinner his In 1861, while on his way from Switzer- · ·-buoyant sptritswoUldoreakl'orth in Charm- andtoattend-iSeSsion of 1h1s coilgress-;ne­ ing talk, and all kinds of frolic and fun. had a sodden and violent seizure of pleurisy Long before ·seven -o'clock :his· ant-erooms at :Baden-Baden, and for '!Veeks his life bung were crowded ~y--patients.from-all-qnart-ers suspended -in tbe:.balance •.. ,Indeed, it wae - _ -~f _!~~ ~-~!lL~lllli. ~i_!!g _f~~~~.P!!_~~!!J~ g!_ven 0_1!~} ~ba!:_!':~-~~-~~~L'~n~ _!_be DOW.!__ exanunatton. ·: ·T ese were HU.mttted one by :tlew like ightn1ng tw.vnguout Europe, pro- . one, each in his trirn, -to -the cabinet, "Where ducing the deepest. grief. · Admirable eul~ .. the master patiently and carefully explored gies upon him were pronouneed by many of --~ach -diseased-organ,-and -kindly-,yet honest- . the- first-~avants and-professors.of the .age, in­ ·-ly, told the snfferer:what he-bad. :to bope:Or -which .were expressed jnst .estimates of-his-- -· fear. __ 'l'.hu$ ."'V~ be. occopied_J,UltiFten.'~Qr .ch~!o_rne~r_and ~Lth~_j.v..yaluable _h~oJ~fi_t~lJ,e __ _ eleven at night, 'when the ·carriage was 'in had conferred upon the human race. ; Upon waiting ·to bear him once more swiftly ·to returning to life, the joy of his delicate and the Klinik, where be made a minute ~xam- sensitive nature at reading these worthy and·:: ination of every patient operated on ·that beautiful tributes was mixed with pain to day·and ·the day-before._,n·mylonely-vig- nnd-that a few pf tbose·wbom-he'had deeply_--­ ils I used to bear his carriage bearing him loved and cherished bad exhibited ·an un-. n.way at between one and two 1n the mom- timely resignation· at his supposed death; ·.·· ing. IIi addition to this daily:ronnd,·how· and a ·disposition tO ·undervalue his labors~ be found time for his private· studies, and and discoveries. Thenceforth his manner the composition of his voluminous works, is among his associates and students was less more than I can tell; but time be did find frank and unconstrained than of yore. His . to nccomplisb, as student ·and· author, what resurrection from the dead, for such it seem.:··· would ltave made immortality for nny other ed, wa.s fitly celebrated by his friend Dou- ... man, and at the same tiiii6 to achieve· srich deridn·a. glowing and eloquent dedication· practical" feats of skill, energy, and success to him of one of his great works .. · In 1862. as 'vould be the full measure for a prodigy. be was married to the Coonte1:1s Kneuth, a Such was his life at Berlin for ten months a Danisl1 lady of great beauty of person and year, from 1850 to 18i0, save when interfered charm of manner, but still greater beauty "'i th by sickness. On the .1st of August in aud sweetness of character, w bo thenceforth . each year he set ·oi1t for Switzerland, tore-:.- devoted· her -life to his comfort and haj:ipi.: -· fresh himself among the mountains, wllich ness. Such were the depth and strength of were to him as friends and consolers,in whose her .affection for her idolized husband, who Hociety be gained new life and inspirntion. breathed his last in her arms, that she sur­ On the 1st of September be went to Paris, 'Vived him but a few months, dying, it is and by the 1st or 2d of October was nt home supposed, of a broken l1eart. There is a sto­ again, e::tact as the sun-diaL Two months ry told, I know not with what correctness, '"hich were meant for recreation could not that their acquaintance be~an in his .Kli­ be released from the importunate hnnd of nik, where she was a patient. After exam­ suffering. The aftlicted from all climes_ fol- ining her eyes, l1e told her that the operation lowed to his mountain home, and thronged might cost her her beauty. She mildly bnt ··his temporary BalonB in the l"'rench capital. firmly requestcdnint to proceed, adding that 32 -60'2- -- -·-· -. -·- ...... HARPER'S 1-.'EW. MONTHLY MAGAZINE •. _.:: _ ---··-····-· ___ . tbe beauty was of little consequence. The I" In forty minutes from this time I will bo acqnn.intanco thus begun ripened into love, at my Klinik.'' Tbe Queen mnde ber np. mul they were \Vedded. He \Vas once re- : peara.nce in fi'!e minutes; the operation wns quested by a brother physician to examiu_e performed; he returned to his hospital, a1ul a young lady brought to Berlin foJ! the pur- had ten minutee to epare. ·.Thus must roy- . poae by her friend&, but who was so timid alty sometimes bow to genius. Covetous that abe could not be induced to visit the of time, he was in all things els~ bountiful professor either at his house or the Kliriik. as the dny. ·Although the revenue drnwu .It was therefore arranged that the two doe- from his- private· clientage wna princel~, ~1'8 s'!:tou~c_! ___ s_!ll'P~~~-. her that evening at not\vitbsta.Dding the ptice for operations ancl :a large party. Separate«-troin- his- friend ·treatment ·waa fixed autl very moderate, it in the throng, tho profe88or encountered a was . absorbed by his benefactions to those . young Indy with a slight blemish in her eye, sufferers \Vbo were unable to pay, aud to o{ which it appeared she was in perfect ig- whom he gave bed and board, as well as norancc. ·· Suppoeiug her to be: the person light.-- While simple in his tastes, and inex­ ,·.1Vhom he ""u.in_quest of,_he drew do:wn the pensive in his personal habits, so munificent -~ lower lid of her eY,e, and after an instant's were his charities that not only was hie pro­ .-inspection said, pleasantly, ".Oh, that ia a fe88ional income spent, but his private for­ . small matter, come to the · Klinik in the tune trenched upon. Aftliction and poverty ... morning, and I \vill attend to it.'' Utterly never appealed to him in vain ; and even _:disconcerted for the moment by what seem~ time; which he hoarded ·aa ·a miser honrd~t ~£~-the_ md~ne~ of the stranger, _the maiden golcl, be used 88 a steward for miUlkind. ,~·.inquired, as ho turned to leave her, ·~Who I have ipoken· of his visit: to me in the ~.-_is that impudent fellow that takes such lib-1 September days_pf 1868.: He was in Paris, . .:.:em~""'"At. this.inatant :V on..Graet:e'a.friend.l. professedly...:.lot:_~t.:_~q~,d-' ~la~tiP~U. but __ ';._found: _him, and conducted him· to the shy when I called upun him soon after, the aute­ ~~sel;:who· turned ont t-o be an altogether room. waa 1illed-. with patients,· aa. it waa Jdi1ferent. person.:.~· In consequence- the pro- every clay. Among oth~m, there was a _-::,f811801' had· two young .lady patients at the .lovely young girl, whose beauty was deform­ ~ik··next morning:':= :--,..-;;=c~-:u,.::;:· t;.;:;i;.,">..ne: -eel by:-amost-ngly-swollen:eye;·from-whieh- ·· * Sueh-,was: his- estimate ~of-the: value: of the-light :chad- forever. doparted,- while .the ~:time; and ·hi& delicate sense of-responsibility- otbe-waa in-great.; peril..~B~ . .father .had ;~to the crowd of patients who daily waitM brought her from the other aide of the world Xupon his ministrations; that he eonld.hanlly to see the renowned -professor. : The next !~ ~.J!ldu~~,cJ. · ~a_!te~~-~l, _