id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
hom-42	Kneale, James; Randalls, Samuel	Invisible Atmospheric Knowledges in British Insurance Companies, 1830-1914	2014	18	.pdf	application/pdf	9423	293	38	Any alterations to the status of a tornado could re-open questions of what payments should have been made or could be made under future contracts.9 Much of the time, we argue that insurers did create some kinds of experiential, insurantial expertise about weather and climate risks, but this was rarely formulated within formal meteorological scientific circles or even as a fully actuarial science. History  of  Meteorology  6  (2014)    51   actuarial calculation when it came to weather and climate risks, but they did draw on a wide array of statistics and expertise as inputs to decision-making about pricing contracts, even if in the end they tended to use existing mortality figures as proxies for risk, and their broader experience of risky environments and situations counted far more than actuarial expertise did, just as was the case for Geoffrey Clark’s eighteenth-century firms.	cache/hom-42.pdf	txt/hom-42.txt