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History of Meteorology 
 

volume 2, 2005 
 

 

James R. Fleming, editor 

 

 

 

 

with a special section on  

 

Diversity in the Global Reconstruction and Representation 

of Weather and  Climate: East, South, West, North  
 

Selected Papers from the ICHM Symposium 

at the International Congress of History of Science, Beijing, China, July 2005 

 

edited by Louis K. McNally III and Christian Rohr 

 

 

 

History of Meteorology is the peer-reviewed journal of the ICHM 

 

© ICHM 2005 

 

ISSN 1555-5763 

 

 
 

Proceedings of the International Commission on History of Meteorology 



  ii 
 

Contents          pages 

 

Introduction, Call for Papers, and Style Guide     i-v 

 

Anders Persson (Sweden), The Coriolis Effect: Four centuries of conflict 

between common sense and mathematics, Part I: A history to 1885  1-24 

 

Youngsin Chun and Sang-woon Jeon, (Republic of Korea), Chugugi, Supyo, 

and Punggi: Meteorological instruments of the 15
th
 century in Korea 25-36 

 

Special Section: 

Diversity in the Global Reconstruction and Representation 

of Weather and Climate: East, South, West, North  

Selected Papers from the ICHM Symposium 

at the International Congress of History of Science,  

Beijing, China, July 2005 

Edited by Louis K. McNally III and Christian Rohr 

 

Symposium Editors’ Introduction       37-40 

 

Ioannis Telelis (Greece), Historical-Climatological Information from the Time 

of the Byzantine Empire (4th-15th Centuries AD)    41-50 

 

Adriaan M.J. de Kraker (The Netherlands), Reconstruction of Storm Frequency 

in the North Sea Area during the Pre-industrial Period, 1400 to 1700  

and the Connection with Reconstructed Time Series of Temperatures 51-69 

 

Christian Rohr (Austria), The Danube Floods and their Human Response 

and Perception (14th to 17th C)      71-86 

 

Jian Liu (China), Hans von Storch (Germany), Eduardo Zorita (Germany), 

Xing Chen (China), and Sumin Wang (China), “Simulated and  

Reconstructed Temperature in China since 1550 AD    87-104 

 

Louis K. McNally III (USA), Reconstruction of Late-18th Century Upper-air  

Circulation Using Forensic Synoptic Analysis”    105-122 

 

Cornelia Lüdecke (Germany), East Meets West: Meteorological interests of the 

Moravians in Greenland and Labrador since the 18th century  123-132 

 

Dennis Wheeler (UK), British Naval Logbooks from the Late Seventeenth 

Century: New climatic information from old sources   133-145 

 

Nikola Koepke and Joerg Baten (Germany), Climate and Its Impact on the 

Biological Standard of Living in Northeast, Centre-west, and South 

Europe during the last 2000 Years      147-159 



 History of Meteorology 2 (2005)  iii 
 

Introduction 

 

The second volume of History of Meteorology comes with a name change and 

incorporates the first issue, published in 2004 under the more pedestrian title, Proceedings of the 

ICHM.  A new ISSN assigned by the U.S. Library of Congress appears on the masthead.  Since 

we seek to reach both historians and scientists interested in history, I am happy to report that the 

journal is being indexed and abstracted by both Isis Current Bibliography of the History of 

Science (from which citations are posted online on the RLG History of Science and Technology 

database) and Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts.  Both are the best at what they 

do.  I hope this might help encourage you to consider publishing in History of Meteorology in the 

future. 

Ten articles appear in this issue, including a selection of papers presented at the ICHM 

symposium at the International Congress of History of Science in Beijing in 2005.  The authors 

represent a wide variety of disciplines and nine different nations.  This fulfills another goal of the 

ICHM—to seek global and international perspectives. 

Anders Persson has given us a history of misunderstandings of the Coriolis Effect to 

1885, tracing his subject back to Newton and indicating that since then confusion still reigns.  

Youngsin Chun and Sang-woon Jeon have provided important insights into 15
th

-century 

meteorological instruments in Korea, the Chugugi, Supyo, and Punggi, or rain gauge, watermark, 

and anemoscope—deemed national treasures and world-class scientific inventions.   

Louis K. McNally III and Christian Rohr served as guest editors for a special section of 

eight papers from the ICHM symposium on “Diversity in the Global Reconstruction and 

Representation of Weather and  Climate: East, South, West, North,” held in Beijing, China.  This 

symposium investigated the interaction of the history of meteorology, broadly defined, with 

attempts to reconstruct past weather and climate events around the world, emphasizing 

contemporary social representations and assessments of social vulnerability.  I refer you to this 

section of the journal for additional details. 

At the conclusion of my term as President of the ICHM, I would like to thank the 

outgoing officers for their diligent service as we “invented” the Commission: Cornelia Lüdecke, 

vice-president; Jinny Nathans, treasurer; Kristine Harper, secretary; and Roy Goodman, council 

member.  I also offer my best wishes to the new officers: Cornelia Lüdecke, president; Vladimir 

Jankovic, vice-president; and Doria Grimes, secretary-treasurer.  The Commission is in good 

hands, and it needs the inspiration and support of its current 238 members from 45 nations. 

The web site of the ICHM contains announcements, a directory of members, a list of 

goals, the bylaws, an on-line membership form, an archive, and a growing list of links.  I invite 

you to browse http://www.meteohistory.org and consider joining us in pursuit of “scholarship 

and friendship” in the history of meteorology, climatology, and related sciences. 

 

 James R. Fleming 

Washington, DC 

 

 



  iv 
 

 

History of Meteorology 
 

CALL FOR PAPERS 

 

Papers on the history of meteorology, climatology, and related sciences are now being accepted 

for consideration in History of Meteorology 3 (2006).  Articles should be based on original 

research and present a novel thesis.  They must be engaging, clearly written, and fully 

documented, following the style guide below.  All papers will be subject to peer review.  Authors 

are reminded that international and interdisciplinary perspectives are encouraged and articles 

should engage social, cultural, and/or intellectual themes and contexts.  Because this is an 

electronic journal, it is possible to publish color illustrations and experiment with alternative 

media such as audio and video files and databases.  Session conveners are invited to propose 

special sections or issues of the journal. 

 

History of Meteorology has a stable URL at http://meteohistory.org and has been assigned ISSN 

1555-5763 by the U.S. Library of Congress.  It is currently being indexed by two leading 

services: Isis Current Bibliography of the History of Science (from which citations are posted 

online on the RLG History of Science and Technology database) and Meteorological and 

Geoastrophysical Abstracts. 

 

The deadline for submissions for volume three is 1 September 2006, but earlier notice is 

appreciated.  Queries or manuscripts should be directed to the editor, James R. Fleming, e-mail 

jfleming@colby.edu 

 

 



 History of Meteorology 2 (2005)  v 
 

STYLE GUIDE 

 

Manuscripts for History of Meteorology are to be submitted electronically to the editor in MS 

Word format (ask in advance about other formats).  Before publication, authors must certify that 

their work is original and that all necessary permissions have been acquired. 

 

Format 

 

Paper size:  U.S. Letter 

Margins:  1.0 inch on all sides 

Headers and footers: 0.5 inch (left blank except for preliminary pagination) 

Line spacing:   double 

Font:  text: 12 point Times New Roman; captions: 11 point Times New Roman 

Section headers: Use of bold section headers is encouraged 

Paper length:  Less than 10,000 words, including citations. 

  Ask if your manuscript is longer than this. 

 

Figures and Tables 

 

Figures must be provided as separate image files (jpeg or tiff) with a resolution of at least 150 

dpi.  Both figures and tables must be mentioned in the text (e.g. Fig. 1) before their appearance in 

the paper. Figure captions appear below the figure in 11-point type with a hanging indent: 

 
Fig. 1. Caption descriptive of the image but does not repeating what was said in the text of the 

paper. Image courtesy of (or by permission of) XXX. 

 

Tables must be carefully formatted in advance by the author.  Titles appear above the table in 11-

point type: 

 
Table 1. Title of table (handing indent if it is a long title). 

 

Citations 

 

Citations may be either Endnotes, numbered sequentially, or References (Author date) listed 

alphabetically at the end of the paper. Any major style, consistently applied, is acceptable. 

 

Each citation must provide name of author/editor, full title of the work, place, publisher, date, 

and page references.  

 

Titles of books and journals are italicized, not underlined.  Archival and manuscript material 

must contain a full description in the first citation. 

 

Use of abbreviations (e.g. Amer. J. Sci.) is encouraged, as is the short reference format for 

subsequent citations of a text (e.g. Petterssen, Weather Forecasting, 12.). 

 

Endnotes are not meant to be discursive. 

 


