




































 Humanities and Social Science Research; Vol. 2, No. 3; 2019 
ISSN 2576-3024   E-ISSN 2576-3032 

https://doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v2n3p1 

 1 Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

Touchy Issues in Muslim - West Relations: An Attempt at an 
Overview 

Aliyu Abdullahi Jibia1 
1 PhD., Department of Political Science, Bayero University, Kano, P.M.B. 3011, BUK, Kano, Nigeria 
Correspondence: Aliyu Abdullahi Jibia, PhD., Department of Political Science, Bayero University, Kano, P.M.B. 
3011, BUK, Kano, Nigeria. E-mail: mizbauhameed2010 gmail.com 
 
Received: April 17, 2019; Accepted: June 1, 2019; Published: July 2, 2019 
 
Abstract 
This paper seeks to explore the sour relationship underlying Muslims and their Western counterparts; a relationship 
that spanned several centuries and traversed regions and climes. The paper surveys the long years of contact 
between Islam and the West and shows how, despite the long years of contact and interactions, the relationship 
has continued to remain sour, not so cordial and often replete with conflict, clashes and at times, wars and 
bloodshed. The paper surveys this age-old relation and shows how it is punctuated by animosity, mutual distrust, 
bigotry, fear and uneasy calm. The Paper concludes by debunking the treachery, the sinister motives as well as the 
pathological hatred of anything Muslim and Islamic that is often exhibited by the West on the nation of Islam. 
Keywords: Islam, West, Muslim-West Relations 
1. Introduction 
Relations between the Muslim world and the West has for long been sour, perhaps worsening right from the 
opening years of the twentieth century to date. This souring of relations between Islam and other revealed or even 
man-made religions has taken quite some time, perhaps it could be dated to the very dawn of the religion when 
Islam first made its debut. But right from the appearance of Islam in the seventh century, perhaps up till today, 
neither Christianity nor Judaism - the world’s two major religions - ever accepted Islam as a religion, nor does any 
of them ever recognized the prophet hood of Muhammad right from the time he declared his call up to the present 
day. While Islam has continued to recognize these two major religions and dealt with them justly and fairly with 
all sense, of decorum, Christianity and Judaism continued to treat Islam and the old Muslims to this day, with 
disdain.  
The religion, Islam, is often considered backward, the Shariah, the very way of life of the Muslim, is seen as 
archaic and moribund; while the Muslim, the adherent of the religion is often viewed by the two religions with 
contempt. Often the Muslim view point is considered fanatical, rigid, unscientific and heretical. The Judeo- 
Christian world could tolerate the turban of a Sikh but at the same time question that of the Muslim. 
2. World Religions and Tolerance 
As regards religious tolerance, the religion of Islam, perhaps more than any other religion, grants more religious 
freedom and is more tolerant than perhaps any religion practiced anywhere on this planet. This, arguably, makes 
it more tolerant and more accommodating than the other older religions. No Muslim will have a complete faith if 
he does not believe in Moses and his Torah, nor is his Islam complete if he does not believe in Jesus and the Bible. 
If he speaks ill of these prophets or their books then he has blasphemed and; to come back to Islam, he has to 
renew his faith and seek God’s forgiveness. 
The rabbi could keep his beard up to arm’s length and travel unmolested to the four comers of the globe; but a 
Muslim’s beard is subject to serious scrutiny right within the confines of his home country. All these things happen 
in a scientific, civilized, twenty first century world that believes in all the democratic ideals of human right, social 
justice, equality and empirical objectivity. It leaves one dumbfounded to go into the polemics of what turban could 
rightly be accepted as the turban and what beard could be accepted as the correct beard.  
This pathological intolerance or hatred of Islam appeared to have no bounds as is often exhibited by these two 
religions. Even the computer, a harmless, neutral, scientific, inventive genus of mankind has been infected by this 
incurable virus of bias and prejudices. A little example will shade some light. Type the following words on any 
computer (especially such as are equipped with the spell-correct software): Christianity, Christians, Judaism, 



hssr.ideasspread.org   Humanities and Social Science Research Vol. 2, No. 3; 2019 

 2 Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

Islam, Muslim, Shariah, and Muhammad. Find out which of these words have been accepted by the computer as 
a proper noun and therefore begins with a capital letter. You will find to your dismay, all begin with capital except 
the last four: Islam, Muslim, Shariah and Muhammad. The computer is taught to accept the first three - 
Christianity, Christian and Judaism; just as it has equally been taught to question the last four - Islam, Muslim, 
Shariah and Muhammad. It has been taught to mark them by underlining each with a red ink to indicate to you 
that the computer does not recognize them. 
3. Muslim - West Relations 
In essence, Islam, or Shariah, is a global phenomenon which has a universal appeal. It emerged, spread and 
flourished in an atmosphere of increasing hostility, then and now. The fall of communism which signaled the end 
of the cold war brought Islam into the limelight of disfavour and exposed it and its adherents to the excruciating 
crucibles of the West. Today despite the hatred and the ever increasing hostility, it is the energy of the Muslim 
world which is powering Western industrial technology. A fact, which no amount of hatred can deny. 
It is in the light of this development that I wish to make a survey of the touchy issues in Muslim - West relation, 
an issue which makes headlines in the media, often blown out of proportion, sometimes bringing the two sides to 
the point of confrontation. The paper attempts to analyse these issues and show how they variously affect the two 
ideological blocks. The study arguably sees dialogue, tolerance and greater cooperation as important avenues to 
cement over differences and move towards healthier relationship. 
4. The Uniting Force 
It needs no gainsaying that today the Muslim world produces over 70% of the world’s oil and more than 50% of 
its gas needs. This concentration of over one billion people unfortunately could not be redeemed by the succor and 
bounties provided by these tremendous resources. In the final analysis, the Ummah continues to remain 
increasingly backward; and its people becoming chronically poor, disease-stricken and impoverished. 
5. Touchy issues in Muslim - West Relations. 
In order to understand the Shariah in its global context, there is the need to analyse some of the touchy issues in 
the Muslim-West relations each of which brings the two sides often to the brink of confrontation. 
Age-old denigration of Islam, Muslims and Muslim institutions 
Since its inception in the seventh century, Islam, its adherents and its sacred institutions have suffered various 
forms of denigrations in the hands of its adversaries. The personality of the holy prophet indeed suffered the most. 
This trend did not change despite the tremendous transformation human civilization has undergone over the 
centuries. History bears witness to the tremendous confidence the holy prophet enjoyed in his youth among the 
Meccan inhabitants. It was because of his honesty he was nicknamed -Al-Ameen- the trustworthy. But ironically, 
this degree of confidence started to change immediately he began to call his people to the new religion.  
The society that was hitherto calling him Al-Ameen, quickly began to shift gear. Not long afterwards, the same 
community began to address him in a new garb as someone who is “possessed”, “mad”, “lost”, etc. One would 
wonder at this sudden change of attitude. When things reached crisis however, the Meccan aristocracy decided to 
bribe prophet Muhammad with a Meccan title and a shareholding entitlement in the city’s booming idolatrous 
pilgrimage proceeds, an offer, the prophet flatly rejected. Next come threats, marginalization, blockade, 
ostracization, persecution and eviction. The question one may ask is what has so far changed when compared with 
the way Islam and Muslims are treated in present day world? As a matter of fact, today quite a lot has remained in 
form of sanctions, threats, missile attacks, occupation, and detention in maximum security prisons across the globe 
-Guantanamo, Abu Ghareb, and such others in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Morocco. 
6. Secularism and Irreligiousness 
Secularism is today the most dominant culture in the West. It is based on the most common adage, “render unto 
Caesar what is Caesar’s and unto God what is God’s.” 

In the Christian-dominated Western societies the secularist thesis of the separation of religion and 
politics is, despite the voices of dissent, an established fact of the public sphere. Similarly, the 
avowed religious basis or orientation of the state of Israel does not, in practical- that is, in matters 
of law and policy- negate that principle. Muslims have to explain, in more than simplistic terms, 
where they stand on the issue. 

According to the secularist philosophy, religion stands distinct from politics and the two are separate one from the 
other. Under this dispensation, religion and by inference Christianity, would not enjoy such position of prominence 
as it were once enjoying in the middle ages. Before Christianity imposes the stringent laws of the inquisition, it 



hssr.ideasspread.org   Humanities and Social Science Research Vol. 2, No. 3; 2019 

 3 Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

was enjoying an enviable place in the lives of people, regulating all aspects of spiritual as well as mundane aspects 
of life. But from the moment Christianity began to descend its sledge hammer on the inquiring spirit of the early 
men of science - Galileo, Copernicus etc, it became quite obnoxious in the lives of people and indeed a very fearful 
thing. Many opted to abandon Christianity than to be identified with its primitive, reactionary and backward 
postulations on life and modem scientific inquiry.  
Is it any wonder if the modern man, and by inference, the modem Christian westerner, shuns such a religion and 
abhors such a god that tends to deny life and by extension puts it in harm’s way? No wonder then the west, in the 
first half of the twentieth century fought two wars that cost humanity no less than one hundred million lives and 
scores of communists revolutions (Russia and China) which swept along with it more than seventy million souls. 
The remaining 146 little wars which were fought from 1945 to date, despite its staggering rise and geographical 
spread, led to the death of thirty million people in all. Secularism today has become a universal principle, a 
sovereign ideology for almost all nations of the world.  
Religion, hitherto condemned by Karl Marx as the opium of the masses, occupies a secondary place and in some 
more advanced nations of the west, a third place; it plays quite an insignificant role in the life of the average 
westerner. No wonder, churches are empty and often times, sold, rented or auctioned. Marriage, -them important 
institution in all human societies, is now seen, as Marx once said, “a club trap”, of little or no consequence and 
therefore no longer necessary.  
The family, fundamental as it is at all times and in all ages, is today broken down in the west; and the single parent, 
an aspect unknown in all human civilizations of old, is today resurging in the west to the point of forming a cartel. 
In other words, the single parent is gradually becoming a prominent element in western societies. All these 
developments happen because of the state of irreligiousness in which the western society has found itself. In lieu 
of religion, western societies have now found solace in promiscuity, licentiousness, drug addiction, crimes and 
violence. These elements have now become the cardinal principles of western religion. 
7. Arab - Israeli Conflict 
The Middle East has been home to many conflicts and crises over a long period of time. It has been a region with 
one of the longest history, stretching over 7,000 years. It is equally believed to be the cradle of human civilization 
as it houses the ancient Mesopotamia, the region where the Euphrates and Tigris - two great important rivers - are 
situated. 
There were indeed age - old crises in the distant past as ensued between Pharaoh and the children of Israel as well 
as wars involving nations in the region. But the point of conflict in recent times has to do with the creation of the 
state of Israel inside Palestine in 1948. 
From that time till today, the region has enjoyed very little peace. At various times since then, the region has 
witnessed several fratricidal conflicts as well as full scale wars. Wars ranging from those that took many months 
to those that take days-like the Six Days War. The last war that was fought in the region was between Israel and 
Hezbollah of Lebanon in 2006 which lasted thirty two days. 
Since 1948, both sides, Israel as well as the Arabs, have recorded serious losses of both human and material 
resources. No side could claim, with any degree of certainty, the achievement of any meaningful victory over the 
other in the final analysis. In her desperate bid to exist, or perhaps to prevail, Israel is unfortunately creating 
conditions that may jeopardize its very existence. The 2006 war with Hezbollah and the December 2008 encounter 
with Hamas are cases in point. 
8. The War in Afghanistan 
The U. S. traced the September 11 attack to Osama Ben Laden who, through American pressure in 1996, was 
forced to leave the Republic of the Sudan to Afghanistan, then under the rule of the Taliban, a Pakistani supported 
Muslim Afghan group that had taken over power at that time. America attacked Afghanistan because the regime 
has failed to handover Osama Ben Laden. 
The ousting of the Taliban government did not see the end of the conflict nor end the “terror” posed by the Taliban. 
What followed went beyond what the Americans and their allies ever anticipated-that by destroying the Afghan 
military capabilities and dealing their soldiers deadly blows, then within a week all will be over.  
The war is now in its seventh year and despite the proxy stance of the NATO which is currently fighting the war 
on behalf of the U.S. (that first started the war), the Taliban controlled more than two third of Afghanistan today. 
Security is at itslowest ebb, Karzai (U.S. - imposed President of Afghanistan) and the coalition forces fall easy 
preys to booby traps, assassination attempts and incessant suicide bombings almost on a daily basis. At every 



hssr.ideasspread.org   Humanities and Social Science Research Vol. 2, No. 3; 2019 

 4 Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

passing hour, Afghanistan is increasingly becoming a pariah, or to say the least a failed state while NATO forces 
continue to suffer serious reversals both at the war front and inside their military bases. The tragedy of the Afghan 
conflict is that the country is more and more impoverished while basic infrastructures have been virtually destroyed 
and peace continues to elude all. In addition, the United States government is spending one hundred million dollars 
daily to fight the Afghan war. The recent call by the NATO Secretary on member states to send more forces to 
Afghanistan is an indirect admission that despite the colossal amount that is daily spent and the large military 
presence, the West is gradually losing the war; a fact attested by the outgoing British military commander. 
9. The Iraq War of 2003 
Before the 2003 war, Iraq was a victim of an allied attack in 1991. When Iraq invaded Kuwait, operation desert 
shield was coined to tag a military gang up comprising of America, Britain, France and their allies from more than 
thirty countries in order to dislodge the Iraqis out in a devastating war which lasted nearly a month and a half. The 
war left the country totally devastated; its economy crippled, its currency devalued and its population (especially 
children and infants) highly impoverished. It took the Iraq twelve years of great struggle before it could stand on 
its feet again as a sovereign nation. 
Again in March 2003 Iraq, without the mandate of the Security Council, came under a heavy, this time more 
devastating attack by the U.S. and her allies in a war which is still persisting. The reasons this time were many and 
varied. The foremost reason why Iraq must be fought was the allegation that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons 
of mass destruction, WMD (something which was later proved wrong).  
Next was the fundamental necessity to unseat Saddam Hussein whose “reign of terror” and “undemocratic rule” 
were “causing untold hardship on his people especially the Kurds”. Another reason was that, the ruling Sunni 
groups who were at that time “a minority” were continually pursuing a terror rule over a “helpless” Shia majority 
and tiny pockets of kurds; this balance of power, so said George W. Bush, must change. The undeclared reason 
ofcourse being, Iraqi’s tremendous oil wealth; a fundamental necessity to a nation that guzzles three-quarter of the 
world’s resources. 
As a matter of fact, the U.S. and her allies carried out this attack in 2003, without the mandate of the Security 
Council; nor was such a mandate ever granted at any point in time. Speaking about the unjust war in Iraq, Enver 
Mas'ud has this to say: 
War planes aboard the USS Enterprise, combined with more than 200 cruise missiles from eight navy warships 
converged on Iraq targets....300 strike fighters, bombers and support aircraft flew 600 sorties, more than half of 
them at night. Another 40 ships took part in the attack with 10 of them firing cruise missiles. More than 600 bombs 
were dropped, 90 cruise missiles fired from the air and another 300 from ships at sea. 
All these were done to a country that was having less in population than four out of the fifty American states, 
whose defense budget is only 1% of America's. In terms of size, where America is the third largest in area in the 
world, Iraq is 57th. 
Questioning this naked savagery on innocent people, one of America's Presidential candidates, Patrick J. Buchanan 
says: 

It is time to ask how grave a threat Iraq is to America. We launched the round-the-clock air strikes with 
2,000 planes for six weeks; Iraq fired back a handful of scuds. Iraq killed scores of Americans; we killed 
thousands of Iraqis. Yes, Saddam "makes war on his own people", but who inflicts the greater suffering 
- Saddam or US-led embargo that has claimed the lives of 239,000 children, 15 years old and under, 
since 1990? 

References 
Buchanan, J. P. (2012). In his own Words. A Special Report. 
Encarta. (2007). Microsoft Corporation. 
Masud, E. (2010). The War on Islam. USA: The Wisdom Fund. 

 
Copyrights 
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. 
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 
















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    /HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke.  Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 5.0 i kasnijim verzijama.)
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    /NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
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    /TUR <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>
    /UKR <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>
    /ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing.  Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
  >>
  /Namespace [
    (Adobe)
    (Common)
    (1.0)
  ]
  /OtherNamespaces [
    <<
      /AsReaderSpreads false
      /CropImagesToFrames true
      /ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
      /FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
      /IncludeGuidesGrids false
      /IncludeNonPrinting false
      /IncludeSlug false
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (InDesign)
        (4.0)
      ]
      /OmitPlacedBitmaps false
      /OmitPlacedEPS false
      /OmitPlacedPDF false
      /SimulateOverprint /Legacy
    >>
    <<
      /AddBleedMarks false
      /AddColorBars false
      /AddCropMarks false
      /AddPageInfo false
      /AddRegMarks false
      /ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
      /DestinationProfileName ()
      /DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /Downsample16BitImages true
      /FlattenerPreset <<
        /PresetSelector /MediumResolution
      >>
      /FormElements false
      /GenerateStructure false
      /IncludeBookmarks false
      /IncludeHyperlinks false
      /IncludeInteractive false
      /IncludeLayers false
      /IncludeProfiles false
      /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (CreativeSuite)
        (2.0)
      ]
      /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /PreserveEditing true
      /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
      /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
      /UseDocumentBleed false
    >>
  ]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
  /HWResolution [2400 2400]
  /PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice

