




































 Humanities and Social Science Research; Vol. 2, No. 4; 2019 
ISSN 2576-3024   E-ISSN 2576-3032 

https://doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v2n4p1 

 1 Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

Implementation of Ecotourism Empowerment in Coastal Border of 
West Kalimantan 

Toto Sugito1, Adhi Iman Sulaiman1, Ahmad Sabiq2, Bambang Kuncoro2 & Muslih Faozanudin3 

1 Department of Communication Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia  
2 Department of Political Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia  
3 Department of Public Adminsitration, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia  
Correspondence: Toto Sugito, Department of Communication Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia 
 
Received: September 27, 2019; Accepted: October 13, 2019; Published: October 17, 2019 
 
The research is financed by Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of 
Indonesia and Institute for Research and Community Services of Jenderal Soedirman University. 
 
Abstract 
Development must be an important and strategic priority, especially in the coastal border village area to prevent 
economic disparity, community conflict, and national disintegration. The research aims to analyze the 
implementation of the empowerment of coastal border of West Kalimantan. The research used qualitative methods 
of Participatory Learning and Action (PLA), data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, 
documentation analysis, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The research took place in the coastal border area 
of Temajuk Village, Paloh District, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. Informants heve been purposively 
selected namely activists, students, community leaders, village government, business groups, academics, and 
tourists. The research analysis through interactive models by collecting data, reduce, verification, categorization 
and conclusions. The results showed that (1) Implementation of empowerment can be carried out by conducting 
counseling and training so as to increase awareness, motivation, knowledge, skills and solidarity between 
participants from the younger generation who form ecotourism community development. (2) Community 
development has been successfully formed from a young generation with the name "The Borneo tail" to become 
an activist who preserves and manages the potential of ecotourism by having the spirit of being a public relations 
(tourism guide), promotional and marketing services, and typical food and beverage entrepreneurs. (3) 
Development must continue to be improved, namely road infrastructure, availability of electricity and access to 
telecommunications networks (internet) as a support in the development of ecotourism, especially in Temajuk 
Village which is still limited and dependent on Malaysian territory. (4) The village and regional governments, 
academics, activists of empowerment, environmentalists and tourists need to collaborate in carrying out 
sustainable ecotourism empowerment programs for Borneo tails as community development. 
Keywords: coastal border, community empowerment, development, ecotourism, participatory 
1. Introduction 
Development in the outer areas of the coastal border becomes important and strategic because it involves the image 
of the country in the frontier, remote and backward areas of social security, strengthening of the coastal economy, 
food sovereignty and maritime affairs. According to several studies, such as according to Van Geenhuizen and 
Rietveld (2011) land borders and coastal sea areas become important and interesting studies to be able to construct 
historical differences, the development process, the process of interaction between border areas and economic 
development, so that they can be an important note for consideration and planning for the future. Excerpts from 
Dharmasaputra (2009), Khairunnisa et al. (2017), Firdaus and Rahadian (2018) showed that there a lot of economic 
potential, especially fisheries and tourism commodities in the prospective coastal border areas. Therefore they 
need to be developed seriously and wisely by maintaining, preserving and developing the potential to create 
prosperity for the community, moreover the development in the coastal border areas is so important, strategic and 
characterizes the development of a nation.  
Based on the results of the author's in 2018-2019 namely the potential of natural beauty and coastal-based tourism 
and fisheries have not been optimally developed, it only meets daily needs, less managed into a large-scale 



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professional fisheries business according to export market demand, has not yet processed fishery products into 
restaurants or special foods for tourists, especially residents of Temajuk Village only work as workers in tourist 
sites for lodging and restaurant owners come from outside the area, thus it has not produced economic prosperity 
in the village community. The economy of rural communities is still dependent on Malaysia's neighboring 
countries, namely as farm laborers in oil palm plantations, rubber plantations, livestock, construction laborers, 
carpenters, and domestic servant. Many ecotourism potentials such as mangrove forests, and processing of food 
from mangrove fruit, sea turtle breeding, were unplanned, unwell-managed and unwell-organized beach tourism. 
There are problems in the border area development infrastructure such as the gap of transportation road facilities 
that are still not good.  
According to Nugroho (2011) assert that there are still problems with the lack of infrastructure that can support to 
increase economic productivity for welfare and security guarantees as well as the lack of implementation of 
empowerment programs in the outer border areas. According to Witarsa (2015) there are some complex problems 
in the coastal border areas such as lack of knowledge and ability in managing coastal resources, especially from 
socioeconomic, biophysical, market, technology and institutional and technological aspects. While Hassan and 
Rahmat (2016) emphasize the vulnerability of environmental damage and the potential threat of disasters in coastal 
areas will hamper people's economy, thus local communities must be prepared to anticipate this. 
Various attempts have been made by the government to issue Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, 
which is followed up in Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 26 of 2008 concerning National 
Spatial Planning, that border areas are strategic areas and their spatial planning priorities are prioritized in the 
implementation of development. Furthermore, Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning villages, particularly Article 13, 
states that the government can initiate the formation of villages in areas that are specific and strategic in the national 
interest, meaning the outermost areas within border regions between countries. According to the Master Plan for 
the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development (MP3EI) 2011-2025, Indonesia as a 
maritime country has a target, among others, to focus on basic services in disadvantaged, remote and border areas 
in the framework of equitable development by increasing connectivity, inclusive and equitable development. 
So that researchers are interested in analyzing the empowerment of young people in the development of ecotourism 
in the coastal border area in Tamajuk Village, Paloh District, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province, which 
has the potential for natural tourism and a very beautiful beach that borders directly with the Sarawak region of 
Malaysia. 
2. Method 
Preliminary studies have been conducted by researchers in 2018, there are potential threats and disruptions of 
bilateral relations at the border on security and political aspects, especially regarding violations in the management 
and exploitation of natural resources across national borders, national boundaries and land boundaries of 
plantations and fishing areas. The young generation in this case students in the village community still lack of 
knowledge, understanding and skills in the management and development of the economic potential of 
environmental tourism of Temajuk Village cost which is very prospective.  
So as further research, carried out the qualitative research methods of Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) 
that are relevant to research activities for the learning process, planning, counseling, training, mentoring, and 
developing that involve groups and communities in a participatory manner to explore issues and potential in depth 
and foster participation (Pretty et al. 1995); (Kumar 2002). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, 
observation, documentation analysis, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Participatory research is designed to 
construct experiences, knowledge, and skills and learn together in joint activities based on research questions such 
as problems, potentials and prospects about the preservation and development of ecotourism. 
The informants who participated in the implementation of ecotourism empowerment were 25 people from student 
high school of Temajuk Village . While the expert informants from activists and academics who also became the 
instructors of empowerment activities were 4 people, and informants from the village apparatus there are 4 people 
and from community leaders 5 people.  
The study uses interactional analysis by collecting data, reducing, verification, categorizing and drawing 
conclusions. The research analysis through interactive models by collecting data, reduce, verification, 
categorization and conclusions (Miles et al. 2014). 
 
 
 



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3. Results 
3.1 Reserach Process of the Ecotourism Empowerment in the Coastal Border Village 
The research used qualitative research methods of Participatory Learning and Action (PLA), the stages process of 
program planning to implementation and monitoring and evaluation of implementation are important set of results, 
analysis and research discussion. This can be constructed based on the results of the 2018-2019 study which 
contained several major problems, namely the community of Temajuk Village still has a dependency in meeting 
their daily basic needs and earning a living by working in Malaysia as a farm laborer, fisherman, carpenter and 
building maker. The potential of natural and beach tourism as well as marine fisheries income has not been 
maximized as a community economic endeavor, but rather is being utilized by investors who buy land for lodging 
and restaurant services at tourist sites, while local people are only employees. Then the researchers conducted 
further research by first socializing and discussing empowerment programs as a recommendation for the results of 
the 2018 research to community leaders, empowerment activists, academics as experts and colleagues and village 
government using the Participatory Decision Making (PDM) method.  
The result is recommending to carry out ecotourism empowerment to form young groups concerned about the 
environment and tourism with the target of student high school in Tmajuk Village with the aim of (1) students 
have high motivation, attention, concern and participation in participating in the empowerment process for the 
preservation and development of ecotourism-based tourism. (2) Students as the next generation have the 
opportunity to determine the future, namely protecting, preserving and developing the potential of the environment, 
tourism and rural economy, so that they are no longer dependent on neighboring Malaysia. (3) The village 
government, schools and activists of empowerment strongly support the activities of ecotourism empowerment 
among students. 
Various references refer to the importance of the role of the young generation in development and empowerment, 
according to Wibawa (2013) youth have characteristics as people who have high spirits, idealism, dynamic, and 
are quick to accept changes so that they can be used as good development cadres. Okoli and Okoli (2013) stated 
the need for entrepreneurial empowerment for young people as a way to equip the skills needed to start a business 
independently and reduce the high unemployment. Itika (2011) states that the youth generation is the hope of the 
future and the nation's assets to be able to increase human resources through empowerment and education. Oyekan 
(2015) states that the youth generation is the hope of the future and the nation's assets to be able to increase human 
resources through empowerment and education.  
El Hasanah (2015) and Raheem (2016) explained that the younger generation is a productive and creative resource 
so that they can open self-employment or sustainable self-employment as to reduce the unemployment rate and 
increase economic development. Wulandari (2016) states that the younger generation needs to be given wider 
opportunities to be motivated in bringing out creative ideas and developing their potential and interest in the 
process of development and empowerment. Bintari and Darmawan (2016) explain that youth are given learning to 
be able to know, understand and appreciate cultural traditions as values of local wisdom, then given a variety of 
education and training to develop their potential and interest to work. Ashary (2016) suggests that youth need to 
be given many opportunities to get empowerment through entrepreneurship training that is more applicable to 
skills in opening economic businesses and employment.  
The research process to design and develop an ecotourism empowerment program on the coastal border villages 
is carried out through several participatory stages, namely:  
(1) Formulating a program based on preliminary studies both literature review results of journal reviews, research 
results, mass media report, and scientific discussion studies with colleagues, experts and practitioner. 
(2) Opening access and licensing of activities to the location in order to get permission, support and participation 
of all parties, both village government, schools and community leaders or activists.  
(3) The third stage is designing an empowerment program through observation, documentation, study and dialogue 
with the community, community leaders and activists, academics and business people.  
(4) Socialization of empowerment programs that have been designed to target empowerment, namely schools and 
empowerment activists. 
(5) Implementation of ecotourism empowerment for young generationin coastal border villages to increase 
motivation, knowledge, understanding, care, ability to maintain, preserve and develop the potential of natural 
tourism (ecotourism), special food (culinary) and promotional and marketing strategies ecotourism.  
 



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(6) Assistance, monitoring and evaluation of activities are carried out when the process of implementing 
empowerment is done by direct observation, informal and formal interviews or dialogue in a special evaluation 
forum, distributes the evaluation questionnaire to be processed, analyzed and the results presented to participants 
for further action. Moreover after the completion of activities are made important notes for improvement of the 
implementation of further better empowerment.  
(7) Opening partnership access with local empowerment activists and schools so that they can continue the results 
of the economic empowerment and ecotourism program in Temajuk Village as a coastal border area. 
(8) Creating a model of developing economic empowerment and ecotourism in coastal border villages based on 
technological innovations such as for the provision of solar-powered electricity facilities, processing of organic 
and non-organic waste, packaging and labeling of business products, promotion strategies and marketing through 
social media or information media. 
As according to similar studies by Ginting (2013), Sulaiman (2013), Raheem (2016), Wulandari (2016), Silmi 
(2017), Puspaningrum & Agustina (2017), Zakaria et al (2018), Sulaiman et al (2019) that the research process 
that uses participatory methods, has similarities in the stages of the process such as (1) The activity of opening 
access, approaches and permits to the research location, this is to establish closeness, acceptance, openness and 
there is no distance between the researcher and the informant. so that the research process will be smooth, get 
support and obtain the expected results. (2) Interview, observation and documentation data collection activities are 
carried out in a closer, dialogical, informal, participatory and harmonious way. (3) research activities based on the 
results of deliberation, agreement and involvement of all parties, so that starting from the planning, implementation, 
and evaluation of the activities carried out together. (4) Research establishes a close relationship, continued 
sustainability. Although the research activities are finished. 
Thus an illustration of the participatory research process can be made as follows in figure 1. 
 

 
Figure 1. Research Process of Ecotourism Empowerment in Coastal Border Village 



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3.2 Implementation of the Ecotourism Empowerment Model in the Coastal Border Village 
Temajuk Village has the potential and attractiveness as a unique natural tourist destination, so that it can be 
developed, such as the location of the Tugu Garuda monument, Surya beach tour, coral reef location, Maludin 
beach, Mangrove Forest, Gunung Pangi Waterfall, Camar Bulan Pier, Atong Bay, Batu Grandma, Batu Bajula 
Pasir Plaik, and Tanjung Datok. The location is in one area in Temajuk Village which is still natural, beautiful, 
and comfortable. This is supported by the potential of abundant marine fish products that can be used as a typical 
tourist food.  
Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province was designed in a participatory manner by community and youth 
leaders, environmental activist empowerment activists, business actors, village government, and academics to 
deepen and construct the problems faced, potentials and prospects that can be developed. The target of ecotourism 
empowerment is students high school in Temajuk Village that were chosen as representatives of the younger 
generation, the next generation, as activists and pioneers who will mobilize other youth communities to be able to 
protect, preserve and develop the potential for ecotourism in Temajuk Village as a coastal border area.  
Before implementing the ecotourism empowerment model, the researcher conducted further identification and 
analysis especially on the participants or research informants of 25 students with a participatory method through 
the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach, Discovery Leanrning and the Project Based Learning method. The 
results are namely (1) having knowledge and understanding of tourism potential and its environment as proven to 
be able to mention and full describe such as the type or category of tourism, tourist routes and locations in Temajuk 
Village. (2) Having a high motivation and motive to be able to play a role as a tourist business by protecting, 
preserving and wanting to develop the potential of ecotourism that is to become a tour guide, culinary business 
and promotion and marketing team. (3) Being able to identify existing problems regarding the development of 
ecotourism while providing a concept of solution. (4) Willing to form a tourism-conscious generation group with 
the name Borneo Tail groups to carry out the role of a tour guide, culinary business and promotion and marketing 
team. (5) Able to simulate the process of creating an ecotourism development program. 
Implementation of the empowerment of ecotourism were not only in the form of socialization, counseling, 
simulation and training, but also emphasizing the research subjects to carry out ecotourism development. They 
require assistance and cooperation or partnerships among all stakeholders such as government, community, 
educational institutions and non-governmental organizations, and business actors.  
According to Purnamasari et al. (2016) and Arismiyanti (2017) strategies that can be applied in the development 
of sustainable marine ecotourism in Indonesia are: regional development and marine ecotourism products through 
empowering local communities; network development of the marine and tourism industry; infrastructure 
development; marketing marine ecotourism products; marine spatial planning; increasing the security of marine 
tourism; and the development of institutions and human resources. Sabahan and Evita (2017) state that Sebubus 
and Temajuk villages in Paloh sub-district have prospective tourism potential, thus they require local government 
policy to establish a coastal ecotourism area with more attention to nature protection and cultural preservation, as 
well as the empowerment of ecotourism for the community in order to be able to further enhance community 
participation and welfare.  
Dewi and Rachmawati (2018) suggest strategies in empowering coastal border communities, are (1) Increasing 
participation, especially youth and women, (2) Forming and developing tourism-aware groups in the community 
by monitoring, evaluating and assisting (4) Developing arts festivals , culture and economic endeavors on the 
border as a medium for promotion, interaction, marketing and cooperation. Whereas Rhama (2018) emphasized 
that global ecotourism has become an alternative for the tourism sector while still protecting and preserving the 
environment, as well as being beneficial to improve the living standards of local people. 
Therefore in the implementation of ecotourism empowerment, it can be formulated and given the assistance and 
partnership program recommendations in Table 1 below: 
 
Table 1. Implementation of the Coastal Border Community Empowerment Model 

Empowerment Program Assistance and Partnership 
 Study and FGD on previous 
research findings (2018-2019) 
 Socialization of the outer coastal 
border empowerment model to 
empowering participants who are 

 Partnership from the Center for Rural and Border Area 
Development Studies from lecturers / colleagues of Tangjungpura 
University (Untan) by conducting research FGDs and recommending 
empowerment of young people in coastal border villages 
 Partnership from the village government to allow and support 



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students high school  
 Group discussion on identifying and 
analyzing ecotourism issues, 
potentials and prospects in Temajuk 
Village 
 Apply Brainstorming, Problem 
Based Learning (PBL),Discovery 
Learning, and Project Based Learning 

extension activities and ecotourism management training 
 The Paloh 2 Public High School in Temajuk Village supports and 
hosts ecotourism management education and training activities 
 Empowerment activists at Pelangi Agriculture groups became 
instructors and resource persons in ecotourism training and training 
activities. 
 The activists of Tanjungpura University (Untan) alumni 
empowerment, who are native of the Sebubus and Temajuk villages, 
are the assistants in the development of ecotourism. 

 Counseling and training in strategy 
management and ecotourism 
development 
 Counseling and training in culinary 
entrepreneurship management typical 
of both drinks and food 
 Formation of youth tourism 
awareness groups (Ekor Borneo 
groups) 
 Discovery Learning, and Project 
Based Learning method 

 The village government allows and supports activities and by 
sending representatives 
 Empowerment activists at Pelangi Agriculture groups became 
instructors and resource persons in ecotourism training and training 
activities. 
 The Paloh 2 Public High School in Temajuk Village supports and 
hosts ecotourism management education and training activities 
 The activists of Tanjungpura University (Untan) alumni 
empowerment, who are native of the Sebubus and Temajuk villages, 
are the assistants in the development of ecotourism. 

Source: Author’s own work  
 
The implementation of research using the Participatory Action Research (PLA) method through the 
implementation of ecotourism empowerment for students as young generation is very important and effective 
because of high motivation, curiosity and solidarity as evidenced from the enthusiasm and active role of students 
as participants in the series of stages of empowerment activities, including the process and evaluation results with 
participants. The younger generation is expected to play an active role in continuing and developing and become 
agents of change for the development process in rural communities in this case the development of ecotourism 
potential. 
However, in the implementation of empowerment, there are still obstacles that must be overcome, namely 
(1) Implementation of empowerment must be carried out sustainably, comprehensively, synergistically and 
collaboratively, meaning that the implementation so far is only partial in nature, both from the implementer or 
organizer, the material program and the time of implementation. So that it needs to be periodically carried out by 
all stakeholders both the village government, empowerment activists, academics, non-governmental organizations 
and the private sector.  
(2) Empowerment programs are technocratic programs, meaning that they are not based on participatory 
approaches based on the results of studies or research on the problems, potentials, needs and prospects of the 
community. So that research-based empowerment needs to be designed.  
(3) Empowerment is not just an increase in motivation, knowledge and skills, but there is the formation, 
development and strengthening of institutions, the ability to create and propose empowerment programs, able 
establish partnerships or cooperation. Empowerment can create jobs for young people themselves and society in 
general, reducing urbanization and migrant workers to neighboring Malaysia. 
There is an integrated concept of coastal management as an effort to unite government with the community, science 
with management, and sectoral interests with the interests of the community in implementing integrated program 
planning for the protection and development of coastal ecosystem resources so that there is an improvement in the 
quality of life of the communities in the coastal area as well can maintain the biodiversity and productivity of 
coastal ecosystems (Darmawan 2001). 
The empowerment is not only to increase motivation or determination and willingness, as well as knowledge, 
skills, but also can maintain the preservation of nature and the environment (ecology) that is natural, balanced and 
maintained (Pigawati 2005). Empowerment can also create productive economic activities in the border region 
based on local resources that are carried out in a sustainable manner by paying attention to resource capacity 
(Lasabuda 2013). Ecotourism development programs in coastal areas must also be in accordance with efforts to 
protect and preserve the environment or overall conservation (Witomo 2019). Then the form of empowerment 



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cannot be separated from cooperation or partnership to achieve prosperity and independence and eventually 
become an empowerment actor (Sulaiman et al. 2019);(Kour 2018). 
Economic empowerment and ecotourism on the border coast as a prospective local potential, has not been a serious 
concern for village and regional governments which generally in infrastructure and development programs are 
more inclined to the development of commercial areas. So that the government can focus on the development of 
regional development, especially road access facilities, electricity and telecommunications media (internet) in the 
coastal border areas and educational institutions such as high schools and vocational schools can make economic 
empowerment and ecotourism into additional, optional and compulsory subjects as local content that is unique and 
has characteristics as local wisdom. 
Coastal border areas are actually a reflection of developmental development and betting on national sovereignty, 
as according to Djunaedi (2002) development in coastal border areas that have potential problems and conflicts 
need to run the Intergrated Coastal Zone Management model or manage the whole program as a whole. Adam et 
al. (2012) describes development in border and outermost coastal areas concerning national sovereignty. Moreover, 
the development of the coastal border areas of the border is not only about regional sovereignty, defense and 
security, but also must realize food, economic, and social sovereignty that guarantees the welfare and independence 
of the nation.  
Muazir and Hsieh (2013) emphasized that cooperation and competition between the Kedia regions in Sarawak 
Malaysia and West Kalimantan cannot be avoided, but promoting cooperation is better, such as from the tourism 
and economic sectors with the provision of markets that can mutually benefit and support each other. Druzhinin 
eta al. (2016) stated that the problem of the outermost border region must receive serious attention and be evaluated 
because it is related to the crisis and changes in the geo-political and geo-economic situation that will have an 
impact on the regional economy. Likewise according to Kotsoni et al. (2017) it requires seriousness of government 
decisiveness with its policy regulations as well as public awareness and control of the development of tourist 
facilities in the coastal boundary, in order not to damage the environment and ecosystem. 
Therfore the implementation of empowerment program and further research can be formulated as in Table 2 below: 
 
Table 2. Implementation of Empowerment Program and Further Research 
 Empowerment Research Program  Implementation of the Coastal Border Ecotourism 

Empowerment Research in Temajuk Village 
 Business management in the form of 

all-round cooperative business 
 Increase motivation, role and ability in strategies to increase 

income, promotion and marketing of community products in the 
form of a joint venture that is cooperative 

 The development of the Borneo 
Tailed young tourism group is better 
able to adopt information technology 
innovations on Social Media and 
Community Radio 

 Improved group dynamics and ecotourism management, 
especially promotion and marketing 

 The establishment of community radio by forming an editorial 
team from the Borneo Tailed group for public information and 
communication media  

 Waste management becomes a waste 
bank business group 

 Analysis and comparative study to build a waste bank and waste 
management 

 Providing electricity facilities with 
solar power 

 Conduct a feasibility study and the realization of the installation 
of solar powered electricity as energy independence 

Source: Author’s own work 
 
Based on the process stages, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, analysis and discussion of results, as well as 
an advanced empowerment research agenda, it can be made the development of a model of coastal border 
ecotourism empowerment in Tamajuk Village, Paloh District, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan as a 
recommendation for development and research, study, community service and public activities. 
The development of the outer coastal border areas are very important and strategic, according to Pauwelussen 
(2016) and Obidzinski et al. (2007), such as the case of forest destruction on the border requires serious attention 
between the two regions of the border Indonesia and Malaysia so that the preservation of the environment and the 
reforestation of the ecosystem is maintained. Putra (2010) emphasized that there are substantial values in border 



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areas such as the value of sovereignty, integrity, agreement, ideology, equality, cooperation, legal certainty, and 
mutual respect, the value of state development and cooperation, economic values and welfare, social, cultural, 
politics, security, geographical, spatial and technological value. 
The development of the ecotourism-based coastal border area is important especially in the development there 
needs to be a balance of protection and preservation of natural resources or the environment, especially marine 
biota such as coral reefs and animals (Pranajaya & Wardhani 2012), because the growth of coastal tourism will 
affect the development of other sectors such as economic and social issues, including the threat of environmental 
damage (Latif et al. 2012). 
Policies are needed in various sectors and levels regarding the impacts of climate change and the environment in 
coastal border areas which have been prioritized in the fields of marine, fisheries and disaster management (Bengen 
& Tahir 2013). Yet it should be highlighted the basic needs of the community that needs support from development 
policies to realize integrated coastal autonomy that can improve economic life by becoming a center for production, 
processing and marketing, especially fisheries and the service sector (Darmanto 2013) (Sutrisno 2014).  
Moreover the development of the coastal border areas can realize a prosperous and independent coastal border 
area (Widodo et al. 2015). The strategy of developing ecotourism in coastal areas is by empowering based on the 
utilization of natural potential such as mangrove forests, mangroves, fisheries and the beauty of the coast and is 
supported by the preservation of local wisdom of the community (Hakim et al. 2017); (Talib 2018). The 
development of the coastal border empowerment model is as follows: 
 

 
Figure 2. The development of the coastal border empowerment model 



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4. Conclusion 
Problems and challenges in the coastal border areas of Temajuk Village still require serious attention, especially 
road access facilities, availability of electricity, and information telecommunications networks (internet) that are 
still lagging behind neighboring areas namely Melano in Malaysia. More over the people of Temanjuk are still 
dependent on finding work in neighboring Malaysia to become farm laborers in oil palm plantations, rubber 
plantations, livestock, construction laborers, carpenters, and domestic servants, including dependence on daily 
needs that are more complete, inexpensive and easily available in Melano Malaysia. 
Planning and implementing empowerment of the outer coastal border ecotourism in Temajuk Village is still partial 
and technocratic, so that it requires participatory, research-based and synergistic empowerment among 
stakeholders, namely village and regional governments, academics of higher education, communities, business 
groups, empowerment activists and the private sector. 
Empowerment can be designed and implemented continuously based on studies and research so that it is in 
accordance with the problems, potential, needs and prospects of human resources (the community), environmental 
(natural) resources, socio-economic and cultural resources. 
The young generation can become the successor of tourism awareness groups under the name of Pokdarwis Ekor 
Borneo through an empowerment program to increase motivation, awareness, knowledge, and natural expertise to 
protect and preserve the potential of the outer coastal border ecotourism. 
Empowerment of the younger generation is expected to be carried out comprehensively starting from participatory 
planning, counseling, training, monitoring and evaluation, comparative studies, mentoring to partnerships, 
increasing welfare, independence and the formation of new empowerment agents. 
Continuation of the empowerment program for the development of coastal border ecotourism is carried out by 
counseling and training cooperative management as a community economic institution, management of the waste 
bank as a new business unit, management of tourism promotion and marketing strategies, and technological 
innovations in the provision of solar powered electricity. 
Development in the coastal border villages is a reflection of the advancement of development and betting on 
national sovereignty, not only mandatory to uphold regional sovereignty, defense and security, but also to be able 
to realize food, economic, and social sovereignty that guarantee the welfare and independence of the nation.The 
results of the research, academically, are that community empowerment is not only intended for economic 
development, economic equality, and the establishment of economic business institutions. But empowerment can 
aim for social engineering, strengthening nationalism and environmental awareness. The practical implication is 
that empowerment becomes a development medium that unites participatory community interests with the interests 
of technocratic elites. 
Then the novelty of this research as a contribution of research results is to creat the development of empowerment 
models in the coastal border villages by forming institutions of the young generation as the next generation to be 
able to protect, preserve and develop the potential of ecotourism in their villages.So far, there has never been any 
research that focuses on this, mostly research into the territorial and infrastructure, government policies and 
economic business groups. 
The results of the study are very useful in providing recommendations for policy making especially school 
education curricula that must include environmental awareness, coastal economy, ecotourism and tourism 
management materials. 
The results of the study are very useful in providing recommendations for policy making in government and leaders 
in schools, especially school education materials to become educational curriculum as a choice subject or local 
content, namely environmental, coastal economy, ecotourism and tourism management. 
Suggestions for the government, schools, researchers and practitioners that need to focus interest of the younger 
generation as the next generation to be targeted by empowerment programs. so that it will form a cadre of the next 
generation of development in the village. Theoretically, research on coastal borders can also be examined in terms 
of intercultural communication theory, dependency theory, and development theory. 
 
 
 
 



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Acknowledgments 
Thank you for Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia and Institute 
for Research and Community Services of Jenderal Soedirman University in Indonesia for providing opportunities 
and support for our applied research. Hopefully it could be contribute to the development of science, scientific 
studies, community service and further research. We would also thank for the support and participation of the 
village government, research informants from the empowerment activists, empowerment participants from 
students high school and the Headmaster of Sebubus High School in West Kalimantan. 
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