




































 Humanities and Social Science Research; Vol. 3, No. 2; 2020 
ISSN 2576-3024   E-ISSN 2576-3032 

https://doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v3n2p18 

 18 Published by IDEAS SPREAD 
 

Impact of Tourism Policy Implementation in the Development of 
Regional Tourism Strategic Area (Case Study: Nambo Beach in 

Kendari City, Indonesia) 
Sitti Hairani Idrus1 

1 Faculty of Social and Political Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia 
Correspondence: Sitti Hairani Idrus, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, 
Indonesia. E-mail: sitihairani uho.ac.id 
 
Received: March 21, 2020; Accepted: June 15, 2020; Published: June 16, 2020 
 
Abstract 
This paper aims to analyse the impact of national and regional tourism policy implementation in the development 
of Nambo Beach tourist destination as one of the Regional Tourism Strategic Area (RTSA) in Kendari City, 
Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Three baselines of government policy are discussed in this paper, namely 2009, 
2011 and 2016 baseline due to the government regulation issued in these specific years. Government policy is 
required regarding improvement of amenity and accessibility of a tourist destination. The method of the research 
is literature study and observation in the tourist site, the Nambo Beach. In the literature study we conducted 
analysis the regulation which supported the tourism sector in both national and regional level. Through field survey, 
we collected primary data from field survey and secondary data from Kendari Statistic Agency regarding the 
development of tourism infrastructure in and outside the Nambo Beach. The result showed that the regulation 
established in 2009 and 2011 for national level and 2016 at the regional level have been supporting the 
development of tourism sector in Kendari particularly the Nambo Beach RTSA as indicated by the growing of the 
facilities in the Nambo Beach at least 60% as well as the external facilities such as hotels and rooms which growth 
up in average more than 100% and roads infrastructure was about 150% in the last ten years.  
Keywords: Regional Tourism Strategic Area, Kendari, tourist destination, Nambo Beach, government policy 
1. Introduction 
Tourism is defined as an activity which cuts across conventional sectors in the economy. It requires inputs of an 
economic, social, cultural and environmental nature (Lickorish and Jenkins, 1997, p.1). In all countries, tourism 
sector plays important role for national income (Webster and Ivanov, 2014) Development of the tourism sector 
will have a positive impact on people's welfare. According to Bank of Indonesia press release, Indonesia has 
established tourism as a leading sector. As a leading sector, tourism is targeted to reap foreign exchange up to 17.6 
billion US dollars and visited by 20 million foreign tourists until the end of 2019 (Puspita 2018). Tourism sector 
opens up many jobs, fosters household economic activity, generates other related sectors and impacts on poverty 
reduction in a country. However, the readiness of a tourist area to bring visitors is very dependent on many factors 
including its amenity and accessibility.  
The existence of physical infrastructure such as amenity and accessibility is very influential in improving the 
tourism sector (Mandić et al., 2018). However, the development of amenity and accessibility of a tourist destination 
is depending on the government policy. Over the last two decades due to 1998 economic crisis, the tourism industry 
in Indonesia has been undergoing substantial change (Suparwoko, 2012). The existence of supporting facilities 
both in and outside of a tourist site will encourage increased capacity in accommodating tourist activities. 
Furthermore, tourism infrastructure includes a large number of services, necessary to meet the needs of tourists 
and increase satisfaction during their stay at the destination (Jovanović and Ilić 2016). Thus, the existence of 
infrastructure such as hotels and transportation network will not only support the tourism activities during their 
visits but also encourage the rise of business and the economy of the community around the infrastructure.  
Nambo Beach is one of the interesting tourist destinations in Kendari City, the capital of Southeast Sulawesi 
Province. This beautiful white sand beach is located approximately 12 kilometers at Southern part of Kendari. 
Nambo Beach is one of several beautiful beaches in Kendari. Since the last seven years, Nambo Beach has been 
improved by completing various facilities and infrastructures that should be available in every tourist destination. 



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Analysis of the impact of the government policy is useful for making decision about improving quality and quantity 
of supporting tourism infrastructure (Penrose 2011). In Indonesia, the amenity and accessibility factors are also 
applied to the management of a tourism destination as mentioned in the Indonesia Tourism Act No. 10 Year of 
2009. The development of amenity and accessibility in a tourism destination is also associated with environmental 
carrying capacity, control of public infrastructure, construction of public facilities, and tourism facilities for 
tourism destinations which have exceeded the carrying capacity threshold (IMSS 2009). Furthermore, in the 
government regulation No. 50 Year of 2011 concerning the Indonesia master plan for national tourism 
development, the amenity and accessibility infrastructure development of a tourism destination must be in line 
with a strategy to control facilities and supporting infrastructure of tourism destinations (IMSS 2011). In line with 
that policy, in regional regulation, the development of amenity and accessibility has also been regulated clearly in 
Article No. 9 of the Provincial Regulation (Perda) of Southeast Sulawesi No. 5 Year of 2016 concerning the 
Master Plan for Regional Tourism Development in Southeast Sulawesi Province for 2016 to 2031 (SESRB 2016).  
The Perda embraces the Nambo Beach as one of the tourist destinations which needs to get attention (SESRB 
2016). In the regulation, the Nambo Beach area and its surrounding, together with Bokori Island and its 
surrounding, are becoming the Regional Tourism Strategic Area (RTSA). The RTSA is an area which has main 
function as a tourism destination or potential for national tourism development and has important influence in one 
or more aspects such as economic, social and cultural growth, empowerment of natural resources, environmental 
carrying capacity, and defence and security. In the context of development of Nambo Beach as one of the RTSAs 
in Southeast Sulawesi, an analysis of impact of the national and regional policy implementation is required. This 
paper aims to analyse the impact of national and regional tourism policy implementation in the development of 
Nambo Beach tourist destination as one of the RTSA in Southeast Sulawesi after regulation issued in 2009, 2011 
and 2016. 
2. Method 
The location of this study is Nambo Beach in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Nambo Beach 
becomes one of the mainstay tourist attraction which is visited by tourists both inside and outside of Kendari. This 
location is located in Nambo sub District and on the coast, which has abundance of mangroves and coconut trees. 
This location began to open in the early 1990s. The site map of the location can be seen in Figure 1.  

 
Figure 1. Map of Nambo Beach in Kendari City Southeast Sulawesi 



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This study combines literature study and field survey. The literature study was carried out through a review of 
government regulations on national tourism based on three baseline analysis namely 2009, 2011 and 2016 
baselines. The first baseline is after the introduction of the Tourism Act in 2009. The second baseline is in 2011 
after the establishment of the national tourism master plan, while the third baseline is after 2016 regional tourism 
master plan. All baselines are analysed and associated with statistical data from the Kendari Statistics Agency. 
The field survey was carried out in August 2018. The survey was conducted to map supporting facilities in Nambo 
Beach. 

 
Figure 2. The research method 

 
The amenity is associated with the in- and out-side infrastructure which supporting the tourism site including hotels 
and rooms, while the accessibility will associate with external infrastructure; the roads. In this part an analysis of 
the availability of amenities in the Nambo Beach, the number of hotel accommodation, the number of tourists and 
the average length of stay with the assumption that both domestic and foreign tourists also visit the Nambo Beach 
are conducted. The analysis of road availability to reach the Nambo Beach is also presented based on statistical 
data. The research method can be seen in Figure 2. 

3. Result and Discussion 
The development of tourism destination has been mandated by Indonesia national tourism act No. 10 Year of 2009 
(IMSS 2009) and implemented through master plan for national tourism development (IMSS 2011). In the regional 
level, the government has formed provincial regulation No. 5 Year of 2016 concerning the master plan for regional 
tourism development in Southeast Sulawesi Province for 2016 to 2031 (SESRB 2016). The strengthening of local 
policy lies on determination of tourism potential zones, development of tourist attractions, development of tourism 
accessibility, development of public infrastructure, public facilities and supporting tourism facilities, community 
empowerment through tourism and development of investment in tourism. One of the tourism potential zones is 
the Nambo Beach (Figure 3). 

 
Figure 3. Nambo Beach in Kendari City: (A) a view from the coastal with background of Kendari New Port, (B) 

view from the sea, (C) road infrastructure and (D) gazebo facilities 



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Nambo Beach is one of the leading tourist destination objects in Kendari City. Nambo Beach has been developed 
around 20 years ago (KTA, 2018). This white sandy beach is a tourist attraction which is often visited by both 
local and foreign visitors. This place is not the only attractive tourist area in Kendari. There are several other tourist 
attractions around this Nambo Beach. People can visit another tourist destination, for example, Batu Gong and 
Toronipa Beach in Konawe District, Taipa Beach and Labengki Island in North Konawe District, Wakatobi marine 
tourism destination, Liang Kabori tourist destination in Muna island and Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park in 
South Konawe District. Nambo Beach itself has become the RTSA as determined in the regional regulations of 
the Southeast Sulawesi tourism master plan. Nambo Beach is not only used to relax enjoying the beautiful 
panorama souround, but also sometimes used as a place of religious ceremonies such as Hindus who celebrated 
the Melasti holiday in celebration of Nyepi. 
According to Kendari Statistic Agency, visitors the Nambo Beach showed a fluctuating trend. In 2011, the number 
of tourists reached 31,000, while in 2012 it decreased to 19,681. In 2013 there were 12,493 people, in 2014 and 
2015 the number of tourists again increased to 15,437 and 19,684 people respectively (BPS Kota Kendari 2018) 
as shown in the Figure 4. 

 
 Figure 4. Amount of tourist visited to Nambo Beach during 2011 to 2015 (BPS Kota Kendari 2018) 

 
Taking point of view from the side of government support for tourism, there are three baselines that need attention, 
namely the first baseline in 2009, the second baseline in 2011 and the third baseline in 2016. The first and the 
second baseline are based on the National Tourism Act which regulates the general management of the 
implementation of national tourism. Whereas the third baseline on a local scale is the Southeast Sulawesi tourism 
master plan. Almost ten years after the first baseline and two years after the third baseline must be considered as 
supporting policy by the government for the development of tourism sector.  
The support of the government's policy towards tourism has been seen from the growing number of hotels in 
Kendari City in the past ten years after the Tourism Act was issued (Figure 5). Hotel accommodation can’t be 
separated from tourism sector as well as restaurant and other amenities factor. The room capacity is in line with 
increasing the hotels. 

 
Figure 5. Increasing number of hotels and rooms available in Kendari City during period 2008-2017 (BPS Kota 

Kendari 2018) 



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The red dash line indicates Tourism National Act 2009, the blue dotted line indicates national tourism master plan 
2011 and the green line is the regional master plan. Based on Figure 5, there is a significant development in the 
number of hotels in the past ten years with almost 100% growth. Moreover, the number of rooms increased more 
than twice since 2008. Thus, we may state that the growing of hotels and rooms in Kendari City is caused by the 
implementation of national and regional policies in the tourism sector. 

 
Figure 6. Average length of stay of visitors in Kendari City during period 2008-2017 (BPS Kota Kendari 2018) 

 
Average length of stay of visitors both foreign and domestic are also having a positive trend. For ten years it 
increased about 25% for foreign visitors and 6% for domestic. This might be achieved through the suitability of 
the development of tourism destinations with existing spatial planning policies, characteristics of availability and 
distribution of tourist attractions, public facilities, and tourism supporting facilities, the availability of 
transportation infrastructure and facilities and tourism supporting infrastructure in the site. 
Road infrastructure also plays important role for increasing the visitors. Based on statistic data, during 2008 to 
early of 2018 there was development road from 12 to 30 kilometers connected the central town of Kendari to reach 
the Nambo Beach as seen in the Table 2. It increased almost 150% of establishment the new road network during 
ten years. 

 
Table 2. Road infrastructure development for supporting Nambo Beach during 2008 to 2018 (BPS Kota Kendari 
2019) 

Year Kilometers Explanation 
2008 12 existing road 
2009 12 existing road (1st baseline) 
2010 25 addition of new road network 
2011 25 improvement of existing road (2nd baseline) 
2012 25 improvement of existing road 
2013 25 improvement of existing road 
2014 28 addition of new road network 
2015 28 improvement of existing road 
2016 28 improvement of existing road (3rd baseline) 
2017 30 addition of new road network 
2018 30 addition of new road network 

 
In 2017, there was a development of additional amenities in Nambo Beach. Some Gazebos, villas and clean 
facilities were developed by Kendari tourism office. Table 3 shows the facilities established in Nambo Beach until 
August 2018. 
 
 



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Table 3. Facilities availability in Nambo Beach 
No. Facilities Yes No 
1 Location nameplate √  
2 Reading room √  
3 Location map √  
4 Gazebo √  
5 Villa √  
6 Direction signs √  
7 Pedestrian √  
8 Hazard Warning Signs √  
9 Clean facilities √  
10 Mosque (prayer room) √  
11 Bathroom √  
12 Restaurant √  
13 Security office √  
14 Guard tower √  
15 Washing facilities √  
16 Parking area √  
17 Entertainment facilities √  
18 Tourism Information Centre √ (under construction)  
19 Open Space √  
20 Locker/safety box  √ 
21 Emergency facilities  √ 
22 Facility for disabilities  √ 
23 Information system (website, booklet)  √ 
24 CCTV  √ 
25 Wifi (communication facilities)  √ 
26 Breastfeeding room  √ 
27 Bank or ATM  √ 
28 Souvenir shop  √ 

Source: Field Survey, 2018 
 
We made a list of 28 facilities that must available in the tourist location. We found that there were only 19 facilities 
(67.8%) available in the location. Some important facilities that should be available in common tourism site such 
as emergency facilities and souvenir shop were not found. There was one facility under construction namely the 
Tourism Information Centre. What also needs attention is the absence of facilities for disabilities persons, for 
example disability-specific bathrooms or pedestrian routes specifically for disabilities. This needs attention so that 
in the next few years, all these facilities can be built either by the government itself or through collaboration with 
private parties or companies. 
The implementation of regional regulations which states that Nambo Beach as a strategic area has been followed 
up with the improvement and addition of facilities in the Nambo Beach area. However, the recent built 
infrastructure such as information centre needs to be improved to gain a benefit to the community around and 
tourists as well. Several other facilities such as gazebos, villas, pedestrian, clean facilities, bathrooms, and 
restaurants also still need to be improved both in quality and quantity. It is hoped that through the increase in the 
number of tourists, the investment can also increase in Kendari as well as the welfare of the people around the 
Nambo Beach. 
For the city of Kendari, the results of this study can be a reference for the further development of other tourist 
destinations around the city. The infrastructure developments have proven to be able to increase the number of 
tourist visits in Kendari City, at least it can be seen in the 2011-2015 period. The government also needs to 
empower communities around tourist destinations to maintain the infrastructure and at the same time can increase 
their welfare. 
4. Conclusion 
The development of amenity and accessibility plays important role for tourism sector since it can give high impact 
to the sustainability of the tourism destination. The amenity and accessibility of a tourist destination will bring 



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satisfactory for the visitors. In general, according to this research, the implementation of national and regional 
policy to strengthen tourism destination has been carried out. The Southeast Sulawesi tourism master plan has 
regulated the supporting factor of tourist destinations for the development of Nambo Beach in the future. From the 
research, it shown that the increase in the number of hotels and rooms, improvement of road network and 
development of facilities in Nambo Beach are completed after implementation the policies in each baseline. It also 
has been shown that within 10 years there has been a significant development of improvements and additions to 
facilities on the Nambo Beach tourism destination. However, in the perspective of current and future needs, the 
existing facilities are still lacking. Facility construction only reaches 67.8% which means it still needs to be 
increased to satisfy the tourists. The government support through the policy and the budgeting still need to be 
increased. 
Acknowledgment 
This research was conducted as a part of Young Lecturer Research funded by DIPA BLU Universitas Halu Oleo 
year of 2017 and 2018. We thank to Rector UHO and Head of Research and Community Services Institution of 
UHO for their support. 

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