Humanities and Social Science Research; Vol. 8, No. 4; 2025 ISSN 2576-3024 E-ISSN 2576-3032 https://doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v8n4p1 1 Published by IDEAS SPREAD A Three-Dimensional Study on the Modernity Construction of Cultural Confidence in the New Era Qingbo Cai1 1 School of Marxism, Guangxi Arts University, China Correspondence: Qingbo Cai, School of Marxism, Guangxi Arts University, Nanning, Guangxi, China Received: June 22, 2025; Accepted: July 3, 2025; Published: July 4, 2025 Abstract Against the backdrop of the interwoven wave of globalization and technological innovation, the modern transformation of traditional culture and the contemporary reconstruction of advanced culture have become the core propositions of "firm cultural confidence". Starting from the dimensions of historical depth and current context, this paper delves deeply into the multi-dimensional practice of upholding tradition and innovation in the modern transformation of traditional culture, involving not only the historical excavation of cultural roots, but also the practical innovation of traditional genes in intergenerational inheritance, and even the deep-level construction of the value core of cultural confidence. Based on this, the discussion focuses on the contemporary innovation of Marxist cultural theory, the value guidance of advanced socialist culture, and the global significance of cultural thought in the new era, ultimately revealing the modern construction mechanism of cultural confidence and its spiritual support for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Keywords: cultural confidence, modernity construction, coping strategies 1. Introduction "The great social transformation of contemporary China is not a simple continuation of the original version of our country's history and culture, nor is it a simple application of the template envisioned by Marxist classic writers, nor is it a reprint of the socialist practice of other countries, nor is it a copy of the modernization development of foreign countries. There is no ready-made textbook to be found." [1] We should explicitly place cultural development at the strategic height of promoting the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, emphasizing that we must always hold fast to the roots of fine traditional Chinese culture and propose the fundamental path to carry forward fine traditional Chinese culture. Culture, as the product of "sensual human activities", is accompanied by the great progress of modern science and technology and the rapid development of the economy and society. When technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence reconstruct the cultural communication ecosystem, the metaverse breaks the boundary between the virtual and the real, and emerging media technologies are deconstructing the traditional cultural production paradigm - this technological innovation brings the challenge of reconstructing cultural identity, [2] It also offers unprecedented technological possibilities for the creative transformation of cultural genes. At such a historical juncture, re-examining the modern construction path of cultural confidence is not only about the historical proposition of the inheritance of civilization, but also directly related to the spiritual foundation of Chinese-style modernization. 2. Adhere to the Principle of Upholding Tradition and Innovation, and Promote the Modern Transformation of Traditional Culture The General Secretary emphasized that "the Chinese nation is a nation that adheres to tradition and innovation." We must adhere to upholding the right path and innovation, promote the adaptation of fine traditional Chinese culture to socialist society, and showcase the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation." [3] This points out the direction and provides fundamental guidance for the modern transformation of traditional culture. In the context of the deepening of globalization and the intensification of the collision of multiple civilizations, the anxiety of cultural identity brought about by social transformation and the transformation of communication paradigms brought about by technological innovation together constitute the fertile ground and realistic context for the construction of cultural confidence. It is worth noting that this transformation is not a simple interweaving of the past and the present, but a systematic project involving the deep integration of cultural genes, the contemporary activation of historical elements, the intergenerational inheritance of practical paths, and the modern reconstruction of value cores. hssr.ideasspread.org Humanities and Social Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4; 2025 2 Published by IDEAS SPREAD 2.1 Historical Dimension: The Deep Excavation of Cultural Roots "The power of culture runs through the historical course of human social development from beginning to end and is the soul of the progress of a nation and a people." [4] The philosophical thoughts, moral ethics and artistic creations accumulated by the Chinese nation over five thousand years of civilization are like cultural mines buried deep underground. When we touch the material remains of the Xia, Shang and Zhou civilizations in the archaeological discoveries at the Erlitou site in Henan Province, and listen to the echoes of medieval thought in the fragments of Dunhuang manuscripts, these historical remains are no longer cold artifacts, but cultural life forms that can engage in dialogue with the present. The assertion that Chinese culture was created under conditions that were "directly encountered, established and inherited from the past" profoundly reveals the ontological significance of the historical dimension in the construction of cultural confidence, that is, the excavation, inheritance and innovation of national culture must respect history, respect facts and return to the essence. [5] [6] Therefore, it is necessary to re-explore and re-examine the roots of culture from a historical perspective and objectively recognize the core essence of the reconstruction of cultural confidence in the context of modernity. This kind of excavation is not an indiscriminate retrogression and nostalgia, but follows the dialectical principle of "taking the essence and discarding the dross". For instance, our modern interpretation of the idea of harmony between man and nature retains the core of traditional ecological wisdom while incorporating the contemporary connotations of ecological civilization construction, making the ancient philosophical thought the cultural foundation of the green development concept. Another example is the transformation of the Palace Museum's "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" into digital immersion through modern technology and the rebirth of the thousand-year-old painting in modern audio-visual technology. This transformation is essentially the decoding of cultural genes and the inheritance and development paradigm achieved through modern media. This mechanism of dialogue between history and reality is the underlying logic that establishes cultural confidence. 2.2 Practical Dimension: The Intergenerational Transmission of Traditional Genes National leaders emphasized during their visit to the Longmen Grottoes: "We must protect, inherit and disseminate the treasures of Chinese culture." [7] The inheritance of culture is not simply the continuation of the old content, but the continuous infusion of new vitality and connotation as the generations change. Traditional genes are like the roots of culture, deeply rooted in the soil of history, providing nourishment for the continuous development of culture. From all levels of society, the inheritance of traditional genes from generation to generation is reflected in many aspects of daily life. For example, the elders in the family teach by word and deed, the school education system sets up cultural courses, and the society widely conducts cultural activities, all undertake the mission of passing on traditional genes. The family is the first place for cultural inheritance. Elders pass on the family's cultural traditions and values to the younger generation by telling stories and passing on skills, thereby shaping their understanding of the cultural roots. Systematically arranging cultural courses in school education enables students to delve deeply into knowledge of history, literature, art, etc., thereby understanding the profoundness and vastness of traditional culture and laying the foundation for the inheritance of traditional genes. Social and cultural activities attract people of all ages to participate in more diverse and vivid forms, thus allowing traditional genes to spread and continue on a broader social level. The intergenerational transmission of traditional genes is not just about preserving the past culture, but about rejuvenating it in modern society. With the passage of time, traditional culture faces numerous challenges and opportunities. In the process of intergenerational inheritance, the younger generation reinterprets and innovatively applies traditional genes with unique perspectives and creativity. This innovation is not about discarding tradition, but about respecting tradition and combining it with the demands and aesthetics of modern society to give traditional culture new forms of expression and value connotations. For instance, some young people combine traditional folk art with modern design concepts to create works that are both fashionable and culturally rich, giving traditional art a new life in contemporary society. With each generation passing on the traditional genes, the cultural connotations are constantly enriched and developed to fit the spirit of The Times. This intergenerational inheritance connects the past, the present and the future, and forms a bond of cultural identity among different generations, providing a deep social foundation and a powerful spiritual impetus for building cultural confidence and pushing the culture of the new era to new heights. 2.3 Value Dimension: The Deep Logic of Cultural Confidence Cultural confidence is "a more fundamental, broader and deeper form of confidence [8] At every turning point in history, culture always changes according to the national conditions, stays ahead of The Times, gives the most effective voice, and guides the way for the construction of the country and the happiness of the people. In essence, hssr.ideasspread.org Humanities and Social Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4; 2025 3 Published by IDEAS SPREAD cultural confidence is a deep understanding and firm identification with the value of the culture itself. This value is not an abstract concept but is rooted in the history, practice and spiritual pursuit of the nation. "Without a high level of cultural confidence, without the flourishing of culture, there will be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." An in-depth analysis of the value dimension of cultural confidence reveals that it is essentially an important link connecting history and reality, theory and practice, embodying the spiritual pursuit of the nation and being the intrinsic force for the inheritance and development of the nation's culture. In the new era, the value dimension of cultural confidence has taken on new connotations and missions. It should both "inherit the essence of the values of fine traditional culture and innovate in line with the demands of The Times to provide strong support for the development of advanced socialist culture." [9] Exploring the construction of cultural confidence from both historical and realistic perspectives reveals that cultural confidence is not only an inherent requirement for carrying forward the national spirit, but also an inevitable path to safeguarding national cultural security and moving towards a socialist cultural power. We need cultural confidence as the foundation to build an impregnable barrier of cultural security. By strengthening cultural roots and nurturing innovative branches, we can fully unleash the spiritual guiding power of culture. Only in this way can we resist the risk of multiculturalism infiltration, maintain cultural subjectivity in the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations, continuously enhance the radiation and influence of Chinese culture in the new era, promote the overall leap of the country's cultural soft power with rich cultural achievements, and let Chinese civilization shine even more brightly on the world stage. The deep logic of valuing the dimension helps us better grasp the direction of cultural development, achieve the organic integration of traditional culture and modern civilization, and provide a powerful spiritual impetus for the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 3. Highlight Value Leadership and Bring Together the Elevation of Advanced Culture in the New Era It was pointed out at the symposium on philosophy and social sciences that "culture is the soul of a country and a nation. The fine traditional Chinese culture nurtured in the 5,000-year-old civilization of the Chinese nation, the revolutionary culture and the advanced socialist culture nurtured in the great struggle of the people, accumulate the deepest spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation and represent the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation. In the new journey, value-driven creative development is not only the key path for advanced culture to achieve a contemporary elevation, but also the logical inevitability of the innovative development of Marxist theory and the manifestation of the practical value of socialist culture. Guided by the new cultural thought of the new era, we should be confident in our culture, integrate the new cultural mission of building a culturally strong country and a modern civilization of the Chinese nation into the great practice of Chinese-style modernization, provide strong value guidance, cultural cohesion and spiritual impetus for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and jointly promote the creative transformation and innovative development of advanced culture. Build a leading system for the modern construction of cultural confidence. 3.1 Theoretical Innovation: Inheritance and Innovation of Marxist Theory [11] Marxist theory is the foundation of our century-long journey and the basis for developing our national culture and enhancing cultural confidence. Passing on Marxist theory is an important prerequisite for consolidating the foundation of cultural confidence. The basic principles of Marxism, when combined with China's specific realities and fine traditional Chinese culture, have produced theoretical achievements with Chinese characteristics. These achievements are both an inheritance of Marxism and an innovative development in the context of China. To elaborate on Marxist theory in terms of "transcending time and space, transcending nations, having eternal charm, and having contemporary value[12]." Innovating Marxist theory is an essential need to keep cultural confidence up-to-date. With the development of The Times, new problems and challenges continue to emerge, and Marxist theory needs to constantly adapt to new circumstances and carry out theoretical innovation. In the new era, based on the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we should use Marxist positions, viewpoints and methods to deeply analyze new cultural phenomena and problems and put forward new theoretical viewpoints and judgments. In the digital age, artificial intelligence, big data, etc. occupy our time and space. In an informationized and diverse society, for instance, the combination of the inheritance and innovation of Marxist theory with digital communication has given rise to new technologies that are applied in people's lives. Shanghai has implemented the "Metaverse Manifesto" project in the memorial hall of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China, using modern technology VR to allow viewers to personally "step into" historical scenes and experience the entire process of the birth of the Manifesto, which has attracted a large number of young users. This innovation can both enrich the Marxist theoretical system and provide new ideas and methods for building cultural confidence modernity. The inheritance and innovation of Marxist theory can provide a solid hssr.ideasspread.org Humanities and Social Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4; 2025 4 Published by IDEAS SPREAD theoretical support for cultural confidence, allowing it to unleash strong vitality in the new era and promote the continuous development of Chinese culture. 3.2 Practice Nurtures: The Value Guidance of Advanced Socialist Culture It was pointed out at the National Conference on Propaganda, Ideological and Cultural Work that "we should revitalize culture, adhere to the path of cultural development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, inherit revolutionary culture, develop advanced socialist culture, stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation, and build a strong[13] socialist country in culture." Marxist theory is the "medicine" for cultural development. China's advanced socialist culture, guided by Marxism, is rooted in China's fine traditional culture, based on China's reality, and integrates the essence of foreign cultures. Through reform and innovation, it has formed an advanced culture with distinct national characteristics. It fits the characteristics of The Times, follows the pulse of The Times, guides people to respond to changes, stimulates innovative thinking, and provides new solutions to social problems. At the same time, it pays attention to the inheritance and promotion of traditional culture, making it thrive in the new era, achieving an organic combination of tradition and modernity, laying a solid cultural foundation for social development, and promoting society to a higher level. This advanced culture is based on the long-term evolution of historical culture and has played a crucial role in social development, especially since the reform and opening up, leading society forward, shaping the national spirit and nurturing the national culture. Scientificity, contemporaneity and people-oriented nature are the benchmarks of advanced socialist culture and the "sails" that guide social development. It is characterized by its close alignment with the demands of The Times and its continuous absorption of new ideas and concepts, providing a powerful spiritual impetus and intellectual support for social development. For example, in the field of education, advanced culture is organically integrated into the curriculum system to cultivate fertile ground for students' innovative spirit and lay a solid foundation for their sense of social responsibility; In the propaganda work, we will continue to spread positive energy and vigorously promote the core socialist values, thereby creating a strong and positive atmosphere for society and gathering the powerful force to forge ahead in the new era. This comprehensive infiltration makes advanced socialist culture an important force for building social consensus and promoting social harmony and development. 3.3 World Responsibility: A Chinese Solution for Mutual Learning and Mutual Benefit Among Civilizations The Global Civilization Initiative was first proposed at the high-level dialogue between leaders and the world: "In today's world where the future and destiny of all nations are closely intertwined, the inclusive coexistence and mutual learning of different civilizations play an irreplaceable role in promoting the modernization of human society and enriching the garden of world civilizations, advocating respect for the diversity of world civilizations, promoting the common values of all mankind, attaching importance to the inheritance and innovation of civilizations, and strengthening international people-to-people exchanges and cooperation [14]." In this dialogue, we have presented the Chinese solution to the neighboring major countries on a historical dimension, demonstrating cultural confidence and highlighting the responsibility of a major country. The plan is based on China's own development needs and takes into account the global cultural exchange and development pattern. The Chinese solution is derived from the guidance of China's fine traditional culture and Marxist theory. The proposal of the Chinese Solution not only demonstrates Chinese wisdom but also reflects the high regard for mutual learning among civilizations around the world. We respect the unique wisdom and values of the cultures of each country and nation. In the context of cultural exchanges and integration among countries around the world, China actively participates, shares its own cultural achievements, and absorbs excellent cultural elements from other countries to enrich its own content, laying a solid cultural foundation for building a community with a shared future for mankind. China is well aware of the importance of cultural development to the nation and the nation, as well as the overall relevance of global cultural development. Therefore, the Chinese plan attaches great importance to promoting the common development of global culture. "In cultural development, China focuses on cooperation projects with other countries to explore new models and new paths. Through forms such as cultural industry cooperation and cultural and educational exchanges, China and other countries achieve resource sharing and complementary advantages, and jointly enhance cultural soft power to achieve mutual benefit and win-win [15] results in the cultural field." Practice has shown that the Chinese approach demonstrates cultural confidence and vitality. It is committed to developing the inheritance and innovation of Marxist theory culture within the country, while also injecting wisdom into global cultural development with an open and inclusive attitude. Based on the new journey, adhering to the concepts of "mutual learning among civilizations" and "mutual benefit and common hssr.ideasspread.org Humanities and Social Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4; 2025 5 Published by IDEAS SPREAD progress", China will continue to refine and improve the Chinese plan, contribute to the diversity and prosperity of world cultures, and add luster to the progress of human civilization. 4. Highlight Cultural Confidence and Unite the Spirit with the New Era's Cultural Ideology In October 2023, the New Era cultural thought was formally proposed at the National Conference on Propaganda, Ideological and Cultural Work, marking a milestone in the history of the development of propaganda, ideological and cultural undertakings. The birth of New Era Cultural Thought further interprets the Chinese solution for the development of Sinicization of Marxism, showcases the unique charm of Chinese culture on the world stage, and lays a solid foundation for realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Practice has shown that the formation of new era cultural thought is a clear sign that historical confidence and cultural confidence have reached new heights. "With deep historical insight and profound cultural insight, and with a broad vision of the grand view of history and the grand view of civilization, we are good at extracting the essence and drawing energy from the treasure house of Chinese culture, constantly consolidating the deep foundation of Chinese spirit, Chinese values and Chinese strength, and contributing [16] to the vigorous rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the colorful prosperity of human civilization." At the same time, with an open and inclusive attitude, we showcase the eternal charm and contemporary value of Chinese civilization to the world. 4.1 The Establishment of the Subjectivity of Cultural Thought in the New Era "Any culture must have its own subjectivity [17] in order to stand firm and go far, to have the power to lead, to unite, to shape and to radiate." Its subjectivity does not arise out of thin air, but is deeply rooted in the course of The Times and closely related to many aspects of the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. New era cultural thought leads the construction of people's happiness in the new era through multiple dimensions. Among them, the establishment of subjectivity is particularly crucial. It is like a solid foundation that provides guidance for people to clearly recognize their core position in cultural inheritance, innovation and development, thereby laying a solid ideological foundation for building cultural confidence and helping people find a sense of belonging and value in the cultural field. Guided by Marxism, it delves deeply into the rich connotations of Chinese culture, integrates the basic principles of Marxism with the fine traditional Chinese culture, profoundly explains the significance of the "two combinations", builds a cultural theory system with Chinese characteristics, style and spirit, clarifies the unique position of Chinese culture in the world cultural pattern, and demonstrates the autonomy and independence of Chinese culture. New era cultural thought has a powerful leading role, guiding the construction and practice of advanced socialist culture and promoting the vigorous development of cultural undertakings and industries. Through the implementation of a series of policy measures and cultural activities, this ideology prompts culture to better serve the people, enrich the people's spiritual world, and enhance the people's spiritual strength. This practical foundation is not only reflected in the process of theory formation, but also in all areas of cultural practice in the new era. For example, in the development of cultural variety shows in the new era, we can see that under the guidance of new ideas, the shows, by delving deeply into traditional cultural elements, not only present the spirit of The Times but also enhance their own cultural connotations and aesthetic values. This innovative practice is a vivid manifestation of its ideas in the cultural field. The establishment of subjectivity, on the one hand, enriches and develops the Marxist view of culture in theory, and on the other hand, promotes the flourishing of the cultural cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in practice, which can provide a powerful spiritual impetus for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 4.2 Methodological Considerations for the Innovation of the Contemporary Cultural Governance System At present, the state has put forward a series of important discourse on cultural construction, emphasizing: "We should explore effective mechanisms for the integration of culture and technology, achieve digital empowerment and information transformation of cultural construction, and convert cultural resource advantages into cultural development advantages. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the system and mechanism for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, accelerate the improvement of the legal and institutional system, and promote the legalization and standardization of cultural governance. [18] These important statements provide scientific methodological guidance for the innovation of the cultural governance system. Among them, the new era further establishes the subjectivity of cultural thought in the new era, laying a solid theoretical foundation for the innovation of the cultural governance system and pointing out the direction of progress. It strongly supports the grand journey of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. From a practical perspective, different regions and different groups have different cultural demands. How to fully consider and meet these demands in the governance system is the focus of innovation. For example, at the community level, the development of new era community ideological and political work practices provides hssr.ideasspread.org Humanities and Social Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4; 2025 6 Published by IDEAS SPREAD numerous cases and experiences for cultural governance, promoting the dissemination and development of culture in the community through effective ideological and political work, and enhancing residents' cultural identity and sense of belonging. In addition, when innovating the cultural governance system, attention should also be paid to integrating with the development of The Times. New forms and channels of culture are constantly emerging in the process of rapid social change. The cultural governance system actively uses new technologies and means to enhance the efficiency and quality of governance. And in the context of increasingly frequent international exchanges, the innovation of the cultural governance system should also have a global perspective, draw on the excellent cultural governance experiences of other countries, promote the dissemination and exchange of Chinese culture on the world stage, and achieve mutual learning, mutual benefit and common progress among civilizations. This is a complex and systematic project that requires in-depth exploration and practice from multiple dimensions such as theory, practice and The Times. 4.3 An Extension of the Value Theory of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind At the centenary conference, it was emphasized that "we will continue to work with all peace-loving nations and peoples to promote the common values of all mankind, namely peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom, to uphold cooperation without confrontation, openness without closure, mutual benefit and win-win without zero-sum games, and to oppose hegemonism and power politics. Push the wheel of history towards a bright goal[19]." Countries should carry forward the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, build a new type of international relations with win-win cooperation at its core, and create a community with a shared future for mankind. In the context of the new era, the axiological extension of the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind has multi-dimensional implications. Politically, it advocates equality and mutual consultation, breaking the old order dominated by powerful countries; In terms of security, we advocate a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and work together to deal with diverse threats; Pursue an open, innovative, inclusive and mutually beneficial development model, such as the Belt and Road Initiative; Culturally encourage exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations and abandon the wrong Western view of civilization; Ecologically, it emphasizes respecting nature, green development, and addressing global ecological challenges. Under the guidance of the cultural ideology of the new era, the value theory of a community with a shared future for mankind extends to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global governance, highlighting the important role of culture in national development. With this idea in mind, countries can promote the progress of human civilization and achieve world peace and prosperity. As the idea spreads and is put into practice, China's say in global cultural governance and the international influence of Chinese culture will be further enhanced, and China will contribute more to building a better world through various cultural exchange activities. 5. Conclusions The modern construction of cultural confidence in the new era is a systematic project that integrates historical inheritance, current innovation and future prospects. From the modern transformation of traditional culture to the era elevation of advanced culture, and then to the leading support of new era cultural thought, these three dimensions constitute the complete logical chain of cultural confidence construction. In this process, we have seen the historical continuity of cultural roots, witnessed the vitality of cultural innovation in The Times, and felt the spiritual power of ideological guidance. This construction is not a simple cultural restoration, but a creative transformation based on a profound understanding of the laws of cultural development; Not a closed self- appreciation, but an open development in the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations; Not an empty theoretical deduction, but a real movement deeply rooted in the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The modern construction of cultural confidence is of particular significance in the journey towards the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is both a spiritual symbol of national rejuvenation and an important support for the country's soft power. By achieving the modern transformation of traditional culture through upholding tradition and innovation, we are able to establish cultural identity in the dialogue between history and reality; By leading values to elevate advanced culture in an era, we can gather spiritual strength in the combination of theory and practice; We are able to demonstrate cultural confidence in the interaction between the local and the global by promoting the implementation of the new era's cultural thought through the soul-casting of ideas. These three dimensions support and promote each other, together forming the practical path of cultural construction in the new era and laying a solid cultural foundation for building a culturally strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. hssr.ideasspread.org Humanities and Social Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4; 2025 7 Published by IDEAS SPREAD Looking to the future, the modern construction of cultural confidence is an ongoing historical process. It requires us to grasp the roots of culture while adhering to the right path, to activate cultural vitality through innovation, and to broaden cultural horizons through openness. References [1] Xi Jinping. (2017). Xi Jinping: The Governance of China (Vol. 2). Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 344. [2] Marx, K., & Engels, F. (2009). Collected Works of Marx and Engels (Vol. 1). Beijing: People's Publishing House. [3] Xi Jinping. (2024). Adhering to the right path and innovation [D]. Qiushi, (23), 4–11. [4] Deng Xiaoping. (1994). 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