iassist quarterly - 3 Colonial control information available for Inuit family research Disko Bay church and census records The following three papers were presented at the IASSIST '87 conference in a plenary session entitled Research trends . The object of the session was to focus on the effect of new trends in research and data collection and the advance of technology on the use of data and data management techniques. by Per Nielsen^ Danish Data Archives 'Presented at the International Association for Social Science Information Service and Technology (IASSIST) Conference held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Mav 19-22, 1987 ^I am indebted to Kirsten Elisabeth Caning for the articles she sent me, and to Jens Ludvig Wagner at the DDA for assistance and support when I tried to get an overview of the project 1. Historical Sources from Greenland Indigenous people imder colonial rule were not left in peace! This was not because of any sincere interest in the ethnic peculiarities of the people, but rather because bureaucratic registration also served the purpose of ensuring that the path of development was in accordance with the stipiilations of the colonizing government In the case of the Eskimo population in Greenland, the Government was in Copenhagen, where difTerent authorities requested very detailed information on personnel resources, production, buildings, etc. In most cases, the information was required in order to evaluate economic development; however, even health conditions, births and deaths, including reasons for death, were reported. And in realm of the church, baptisms, confirmations, weddings, and burials were reported to Copenhagen. Prior to 1774, the "colonial initiative" was mainly a private one, consisting of tradesmen on one hand, missionaries on the other. In 1774, the main administrative tasks were centralized within Royal Greenland Trade, leaving the chiu-ch to take care of its own affairs. From 1782 to 1950, Greenland was administratively divided into two Inspectorate Regions ,North and South, each with its own Inspector; the division line was located between Egedesminde and Holsteinborg. Needless to say, there were modifications introduced to this system during the last decades of the 19th century; and many administrative changes took place during the first half of the 20th century. However, a detailed description of these is beyond the scope of this short introduction.' 'The above outline is based on Kirsten Elisabeth Caning, "Personalhistoriske kilder i gr0nlandske arkiver." Personalhistorisk tidsskrift 1979. Fall/Winter 1987 4 - iassist quarterly During the period preceding 1951. all church matters as well as most issues concerning education were governed by the same administrative unit in Copenhagen. It is from this clerical administration that most of the information dealt with in this article originates. 2. The Church Records ChtiTch records were maintained in the Greenland parishes during the first half of the 18th century; most of them have disappeared, and a couple of preserved manuscripts are incomplete in that they include information on the top strata of the Greenland poptilation only. From the second half of the 18th century, there are preserved church records from Upemavik, Godhavn and Egedesminde. The lists of those baptized (Christening Lists) represent the majority of entries in the early years. The salvation of the souls of the heathens was one of the major preoccupations of missionaries; consequently, the number of baptisms performed was an indication of the efficiency of the missionaries. The church records from the beginning of the 19th centur>-, held in the Danish archives, are more complete, especially those from many of the parishes in the North Greenland Inspectorate. The records from the South Greenland Inspectorate are not so complete, in part due to the loss of a lot of these documents during their transportation to Denmark aboard the ship "Hans Hedtoft" (Januar>- 1959)." The church records which have been preserved consist of four separate types of lists representing four different types of events: Christening Lists, Confirmation Lists, Marriage Lists, and Burial Lists. Concommitandy, the data sets stored at the DDA (the "raw data") are separated, in their initial form, into 4 different files: DDA-0311: Population History of Greenland 1800-1930: Christening Lists DDA-0312: Population History of Greenland 1800-1930: Confirmation Lists DDA-0313: Population History of Greenland 1800-1930: Marriage Lists DDA-0314: Population History of Greenland 1800-1930: Burial Usts "In the "Danish Titanic" case, "Hans Hedtoft" collided with an iceberg on her maiden vovage to Greenland, January 30th, 1959. All 95 crew members and passengers died. 3. The Census Records The missionaries were also responsible for the registration of all people in their districts (including those who were not Christians, and who, consequently, never appeared in the Church Records). The censuses in Greenland contained the same information as those in Denmark: name, age, occupation, and posiuon in household. In addition to these, the Greenland censuses contained information on race (Eskimo, mixed and European) as well as an indication of whether or not the person had been baptized. At the National Archive in Copenhagen, there are census records from: 1834, 1840, 1845, 1850, 1860, 1870. 1901, and 1911. Those from the Umanak and Disko Bay Districts, for all censuses except the 1911 census (because of the 80-year access restriction to personal records at the National Archives), have been made computer-readable and are available as: fall/Winter 1987 iassist quarterly - 5 DDA-0645; Population History- of Greenland 1800-1930: Census Lists 4. The Data Collection Process 3. Geographic Coverage and Time Period Included in the Datasets In the initial definitive stages of the "Demographic Histoi}- of Greenland, 1800-1930" research project, both geography and time periods had to be taken into account The above outlined existence of nearly complete archival series of church records and census records in Archives situated in or near Copenhagen, has some bearing on the geographic regions and time periods to be covered. Geographically, the North Greenland Inspectorate had the most complete records. Consequently, the rather isolated regions in northwest Greenland, the Disko Bay District and the Umanak District (isolated in terms of in- and out-migration from/to the sunotmding regions, so that few individuals "disappear" via migration) were selected; from north to south (or rather, "around the bay") in the Umanak and Disko Bay Districts thus defined, Umanak, Godhavn, Ritenbenk, Jakobshavn, Christianshab, and Egedesminde are the larger township areas included in the project With respect to time period covered, the availability of records suggests that the registration should begin around the mm of the 18th century, i.e. aroimd the year 1800. For reasons of restricted access (and, of course, as a means of reducing the resources required for the data collection process), the registration was stopped at the beginning of the 20th century. Coding was done from the original sources, or copies thereof by the principal investigator, Kirsten Caning, together with a smdent aide (see figure 1).^ The coding sheets were then sent out to have the information transformed to a computer-readable medium. The machine-readable data were deposited with the DDA, where Jens Ludvig Wagner (who was experienced in demographic data and family reconstitution methods from his work with several other historical projects) took over the transformation tasks as they were requested by Ms. Caning.' During this process, the following rectangular files were generated: DDA-0311: 17,248 Baptism entries, each with up to 53 variables DDA-0312: 10,037 Confirmation entries, each with up to 62 variables DDA-0313: 4,720 Wedding entries, each with up to 90 variables DDA-0314: 13,217 Burial entries, each with up to 84 variables DDA-0645: 23,953 Census entries, each with up to 37 variables These five files form the basic "raw data" of the project However, after this initial collection of raw data, a tremendous effort was devoted to data correction and family reconstitution. Correction involved, for example, the deletion of double entries (e.g. the baptism of the same child in two parishes in the Church Records, or ^[figures and tables are collected together at the end of the article. Ed. note] 'See Jens Ludvig Warner. "Datamaterialer med komplekse strukturer", in DD.^-Nvt 25:64-70, 1983. Fall/Winter 1987 6 - iassist quarterly enumeration of the same person in two households in the Census Records). Those with experience in family reconstitution projects know the amount of preparatory work to be done before one can produce a centralized file. Therefore, I shall go into some detail concerning the methodology applied in this particular family reconstitution project. How did we derive, from the above listed five raw data files within which all the events were sequentially numbered, the so-called "centralized file" containg the best possible reconstitution of famihes? 5. Family Reconstitution: Manual and/or Automatic Procedures Within the discipline of historical demography, there has been quite a long tradition of two "schools", one advocating automatic (i.e. computer based) family reconstitution procedures, the other maintaining that a lot of human thinking is necessary in order to get as close to the ideal of a complete reconstitution as possible. In the case of the data from Greenland, a mixed automatic and manual process was used. With the raw data (or basic files) as the point of depanure, two tasks had to be completed: that of identifying the events (e.g. a baptism, confirmation, wedding, burial, or membership in a certain household in a specified census enumeration) as attributes, or descriptors, characterizing the "central persons" (or "actors") when the event took place, and that of establishing "pointers" among all the central persons based on their family relationships. Who are the Central Persons (CPs) in this project" - In the event of a baptism or a confimiaiion, the baptized/confirmed person and his/he.'- parents are the CPs; in the event of a wedding, bride and groom as well as parents of both of the married persons are CPs; when the event is a burial, the buried person and his/her parents as well as a spouse and children are CPs. Finally, in census enumerations, each person listed in each census is a CP. By machine generation, the Basic Files were thus expanded into a "Theoretical Centralized File" with more than 200,000 "central person in one event"-combinations. We shall call these Central Person-Event records (CPE). A sequential nimiber was allocated to each CPE. The CPE-file was sorted on names; some auxilliary lists sorted on districts and other criteria were produced by Jens Wagner whenever Kirsten Caning needed and requested such lists during the work. The sorted CPE-file(s), written out as long paper listings, formed the basis for the next major state: the process of manually inserting Personal Identification Nimibers (PIN), (see fiqiue 2). Even though the sorting based on names did help a lot, the task of numbering more than 20,000 individual persons (as it turned out later) on more than 200,000 CPE-records was a heavy consumer of both time and human memory! And now we may return to the question whether the machine or the manual reconstitution is "better", ll goes without saying that the choice of method depends heavily on the nature and quality of the raw data; so we shall talk about advantages and disadvantages, (see fiqure 3). .Automatic family reconstitution has the advantage of being relatively quick and being well documented. However, in many cases a lot of persons are left "split" in two or more persons. For example, figures 1 and 2 (1901-census) compared to the extensive figure 3 (an excerpt from the CPE-file after all CPs have been numbered) clearly demonstrates a number of problems with machine reconstitution: Nikolaj Jens Andreas Lange was found under many different names, partly due Fall/Winter 1987 iassist quarterly - 7 to the fact that the first names may be written in any order (some of them may be missing), partly because of different spellings (some of which are not caught in the normalization process, e.g. Nik(olaj) vs. Nic(olaj)). Figures 2 and 3 show that Kirsten Caning preferred to work with "normalized names" in order to minimize the spelling problem. But even with that precaution, the decision was made to perform the reconstitution manually. The reconstitution process was carried out by entering PIN-numbers on all relevant locations in the CPE-file. During that process, a number of errors were detected and corrected - this is probably one of the main advantages of manual reconstitution. After some iterations of PIN-ntimbering, the theoretical CPE-file was reduced from more than 200,000 records to approximately 131,000 CPE-records. 6. The Documentation Problem in Manual Family Reconstitution Who "disappeared" from the theoretical CPE-file? Approximately 70,000 entries vanished from the "theoretical" to the "reduced" version of the CPE-file. The records of type "own baptism" were reduced from 17248 to 16312; "own confirmations" were reduced from 10037 to 9169; "own marriage" from 9442 to 8388; and "own btmal" from 13217 to 11678. Because some census registrations had been enoneously omitted from the first data entr)- process, the number of census registrations increased from the original 23953 to 24076. (The first number is the size of file given in section 4 for Raw Data Files). Theoretically, one might expect that even- person involved in a baptism, confirmation, marriage, or burial would have two parents. However, these CPs have, in many instances. not been identified in the source records. Therefore the number of CPE-records in which parents were registered in each of the four events was reduced from the "theoretical" numbers 34496, 20074, 18884 and 26434, to 31338, 13538, 4902 and 9181 respectively. Predictably, it was in the events in which the "main actors" were adults (marriages and btirials) that the information on parents was most commonly missing. There is a major difference between the theoretical expectation that there was a spouse for each person buried (i.e. 13217 spouses) to the actual 2328 cases in which a spouse was actually identified. This is due, to a great extent, to the fact that many burials were of children (high infant mortality rate), and also in part to the death of immarried adults; also some of the missing spouses were due to lack of registration. Finally, theoretically, it was expected that there would be information on at least one child for each buried person (i.e. an expectancy of 13217 persons); however, it turned out that this information was available in the source records only in 56 cases. Does this mean, now, that we have lost the information in those of the CPE-records that were not merely theoretical, but in which the information was not given in the sotirce records? It does not! If a person was buried who was married at the time s/he died without an indication thereof in the burial record, we have data about the marriage from a difTerent source. Similarly, if one or both parents of a baptized person were not mentioned in the Baptism File, we still may know of them from other sotirces, e.g. from a relevant census. This leads us on to the "record linkage", which in this project was done in an ad hoc data system. Fall/Winter 1987 iassist quarterly 7. Finalization of the Family Reconstruction in a Data Base Environment During 1984 and 1985, several MLD/ASTRID' data bases were designed and tested on subsets of the data from the Greenland ProjecL Even though a number of these designs were acceptable from the substantive point of view, they had to be rejected because they would consume too much computer power when loaded with the full data base. ' With further computations and tests, a data base design was finalized by the end of 1984' and implemented with all the data from the project The basic design of the data base is that one part contains all PERSONS and another pan contains all the EVENTs. Each person is identified by the PIN-number preceded by M (males) or K (females). There is no need for a lot of pointers because the searching is based on key fields in PERSONS and EVENTs respectively. I shall not go into the technical details of the data base in this paper. However, 1 shall demonstrate the output from the data base using the two heads of household that we have followed in figures 1-3 above, (refer to fiqure 4). As can be seen from figure 4, not much has been done to present the output in an easily understandable way; thus far, only people 'MLD/ASTRID is a data base language and system, defined by J0rgen Grosb0l at DDA, described in his manual: MLD Data Bases and the ASTRID Language . CHenseTDDXT^Sr" 'The basic design was described in ICarsten Boye Rasmussen, "MLD/ASTRJD database for Gr0n]ands befolkningshistorie". Working Paper A460-KB. DDA 1984-07-31. 'Jens Wagner, "MLD/ASTRID database for Grpnlands befolkningshihistorie - design uden referencer", Working Paper A460-JW. DDA, 10. December 1984. actively involved in the project have used the system, and they know what the encryptions mean. If the data base system were to be used by others outside the project, more text would have to clarify the output Using this data base, the principal investigator is presently finalizing the family reconstitution task. Also, special purpose functions have been designed for demonstration purposes; for example, it is quite easy to establish pointers to allows a user to move up and down along genealogical lines, drawing the complete pedigree of the person under analysis. It should be noted here that several features that are specific to the Inuit culture are refiected in the data. People may be referred to their biological family, to an extended family or household, or to the particular house in which they lived. It was quite usual for the Eskimo to live in so called longhouses.Several households lived in the same longhouse during the winter (when censuses were taken); during the summer, they might move away from the house, living in tents or similar dwellings. The following year, the family might move to a different longhouse at the same or at a different location; the houses were not owned by anyone - or, rather, they were owned by whoever happened to be occupying them. This tradition of living together in longhouses included a social security aspect; the data show that this tradition was slowly abandoned in favour of nuclear family houses diuing the 19th century.'" With the huge mmiber of cross-identifications in the data, it is possible to follow individuals or families (biological or extended) for generations. Alternately, it is possible to examine a single location, and to describe how life changed in that particular location over the '"Described in Kirsten Caning, "Era bofasllesskaber til kasmefamihe", Beretning fra Carlsberfondet K0benhavn 1986. Fall/Winter J987 iassist quarterly — 9 years. The latter strategy was applied by the principal investigator in an article on Sermermiui - a small place with only two houses with 20 and 12 inhabitants respectively (3 households per house). ^' 8. Access to the Datasets for Secondarj Analysis Despite the fact that the primar>- investigator has not yet finalized the troublesome reconstituition process, it will be possible for secondar>- analysts to have access to the data, with the consent of Kirsten Caning. All requests should be directed to the DDA. Needless to say, it is not quite as simple to address a user requesting this type of data as it is to send out a survey file. The user must define a priori the subsets or the formats s/he can handle. Further, it is the nature of historical-demographic data of the txpe we have been discussing that their quality' improves over the years; during analysis, new findings concerning data relationships can be added. Such changes are now reflected in the data base version of the data, but not in the Raw Data Files mentioned in section 4. Consequently, disseminable versions of the data should be extracted from the data base according to the specifications of the individual user. With the data stored in a data base management system, it is possible to generate rectangular files that can be analyzed with standard statistical software. However, to get the full personal histor. description capabilities, a data base management system environment would be needed by the user.n "Tinna Mobjerg and Kirsten Caning, "Sermermiui in the Middle of the Nineteenth Centurv", Arctic Anthropologv vol. 23{l-2):nTm, 1986. Fall/Winter 1987 10 - iassist quarterly figure 1 .= ^ c>Vl>OIWll< «« 53 Ci Suniidcii. Ml. Ill Ju^Uiy fin] JtTxA^ fnyiAii^ Jnii/if 72% Figure 1: Xerox copy of one of the source materials, viz. the Census List from October 1901, with information from Saraqaq in Ritenbek. The upper household is that of Nikolaj Jens Andreas Lange, living with his wife and 4 unmarried children aged between 21 and 30. The lower house- hold is an older son, Lars Jonas Lange, with his wife and 4 children. hl!"^iu''^"^'^ u- ^<^P;"„du«.d from an illu'^tialjon in Kirsicn BiMhcth Canine "Om den eraniand^kebelolknmgs hisione". printed in l-orsknine i Gipniand 1/82 . p. .S. ^' gmniandske Fall/Winter 1987 iassist quarterly - U figure 2 134 71 9 118«223528 4 90337 11 11 99 3028NnRF1<;PFH .IHN « K'E 99'>1 7991 1 09139099 134925 5001423528 . 90338 11 11 •59 30" 'in PF« <;<;f'| RAir < AR 90' 9991 4901 1 999099- 36104 35623528 '. 90339 11 11 99 301 »m pf/\>;<;f'.' PAV : M R T f 9990"9911 9999o<" S89'. 9 JWW' \ mi'i u u ?? JO] «NnRFA?;SFN ^o1 «N^R';^ssF•.' JA-: S-'R JW| OLE :arl lR ')99735032 158725 4073223528 4110223 13 6 •)9 in?..A>ir,F -^IRT PER" 99964993? ISBH'.iS 6239423528 4 11022', 13 6 99 1C2-.Af:rF GFRT FLIS AIi; 99930993 62768 1292423528 4110225 1 5 6 99 lOlLAI.'FE IHN 1 A C A L' T "992801 -^ 6302 3 129342352H '. 110226 1 3 h 79 im '.A'JGF OLE J MS 9 7923013 158661 610212352M -.11022 7 13 6 37 10?'.Atir,!; PER', CHRl A'JE "9921993 62962 1294023528 4 110228 14 6 99 1 01 1 "'iTF 1 AR.^ JOtJ ^993401 3, 1 5H62 4 4124823528 4110229 14 A -P? 1 o->i ^•^^,<^ A "I J fit: ci.ls IHM 0995599^; 630/"=! 1290323528 '. 1102 30 14 ^, 0> lOlLA-ITF PET i-HR HA -IS FARI 0999^,99 51 62511 1288623528 4110231 14 ^ on 1 01 1 nf:rF FLI P A 5 1 r P' 1 '. 039050931 1590!H 6238623528 4110232 4110253 14 /, 03 1 > L A N r r ELI': r-RTA 0990599^1 6117523528 14 'I -J 9 102'. A 10'^ lARl SOF OOU'. 9 '90ir95i 1 6 70i'. 604742352" '.11023'. 15 3 T> 1 02:iiro'. ". 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'99109931 C09'; 70039 14 109 2 3 52 f^ 411 0245 1 1" / T9 101 >IATHI 1 r'^FI 1 i\r;<; r H R CAR'. 09V9S "951 SO"'- R0463 2074523528 '.11024'. 17 1 '^ 10 30) nn<;9 \r\i PFT IS'.K TOO i7"S501 52'-9"9 1 7503n 6242^23528 4 110245 1 7 1 n 99 3n71.-0-.n„(;|. ^OF 99OS142329809 802^2 2"76623S2R 411 024 It 1 7 1 " 9 9 501 BfT^nic II .' ^^"; F :! 1 A • " 191 S9"31 9' 99 174951 4 2 3252 3S2'H '. 11024 7 1 7 1 n TO 50"'Rn':T 1:11 LUM JUL ri'.'.- -^90 -90931 -^99' '. 186589 65284235'f^ '. 11024'' 1 7 1 09 ?o?zrF.O KALI T ii-T irr, o-'927->9 :.10'-2r2 552?3 1143323528 411 02 4'^ 1 7 1 "^ O') 501 .IF'.'pr-i .inf;F r:ICI O'.r ' .<9 22" 1 1 1 ''99"9 17486^ 4221925528 '.11025'^ 1 7 i "^ 09 50:>Ro<;-^AC " ri'R t A'lT F'. I:; O0935991 4-,'1 502 M035'. 2077123528 '.110251 17 1 c 09 501 RO';" AC II .lOM pi^T JAF 9 >91 390-1 99909 80171 3n7<. (.23528 -.110252 17 1 ri 99 301 k'nr.nAc MA'i': PET "I- c.nvi Hi-i 31 .-909c 801 70 2074323528 11 3412352" 4110^55 1 7 1 ^ 9 9 501 POSOAT r a fj 1 M'^L Fr u .0050051 9?0VS 5 5 1 n 4 1102 5'. 1" " '9 50] I c>..;e.| JHi;" 1- A 7 L F 1 '/ 15 23T. 6106123528 '.110255 ri f •>9 202.1 E"I';E'' "".T i. C 1 S t L I • 9 '94799129"9'-/' 551 )4 11 '.3425528 4 1 1 0256 lb 99 201 .|r.|^.c-| IHf r )( JO oyv2 I'll 31 0997 r. 16'iy 6105<,?35pp 41102 5 7 18 9 09 20MF'1S'^M C ARO ^r^T A"M •39. 1 091,^1 o',99 152256 ''117H2352" '.1102 5" 18 Q 07 2C'JFN';?\' ^FT ••us T 1 ^ K ^:)'^ 59'J51 499' 55721 1150423528 4 1102 5 9 1M f- 09 201 i-^nsF- s-p. OLE ci;h r;ioi 1 o9.--'• 1 '59" ir ' 3597" 32"23528 41 1 n2'^5 1 9 ^ 9 9 201 AllHR'^A';-.'-' .ifn: ,it: ott 030,. ilip- 1 34 761 4033223528 41102 64 I-? 3 99 2'^2A99 I'FA T'JF-I JUP .OU O'O/, A991?r 114 50? Ml 74 2 3 528 '. 1102',5 19 3 2r7TO-i I A r.;!:" ;ara LJ-:}. (iv;s'-991(. 54052 11 3572552! 4 1 1 02 ''.'•' 2" 5 nr 101 .IFNSF-I HA OS 9;o4 501 3- 15 20-^5 '.074923528 -. 1 1 02 4 7 ', 09 1 o-',|F>|,>.c., 1 A 11;: 'it ap ' 9 >; .'. S ' : " "> 55030 1150323';?t '. 1 1 02 f." ?r ; T> 1 -11 J F'l ''-. .1-7^; JE'.'S "•••s Jlr - ..M '.CO Figure 2: The same persons as those listed in figure 1, now listed from the computer. To the left of the "normalized" names field, lots of num- bers of identification appear, i.a. the PIN-number appearing in columns 7-12. Our head of household Nikolaj Jens Andreas Lange has PIN-code no. 12914 - in the Ritenbenk District (code 4 in col. 19), the 1901-census (code 28 in cols. 16-17) from which the information was taken. He has that number in all other datasets as well, which we shall see later. Fall/Winter 1987 12 — iassist quarterly figure 3 ari 000»-000*-00 b t*.b u.b aro o wo "-tb »fcO *3o xo >»^ <»o ocO-O O < O — O O O- OO- OO' ^o- O >0 >C wo (.K3 _JC c >c crO> «» 0<> — O w w»0 vyfy oO" irtO' 0>9- Z(> Tt> T OO- wo *>> o* ->D -ic -lO ->o -»o ^c zo zo z-o ;co UX> UJ^ U/O" luO luO- luO' u/O O r^ QD tt X 03 o o o o -o C O O O 0DO>O o c o »- «^ o o c oooooo^o o ooooo*-ooOoOOOOOoCOOCrCCO K» o O O • < Ki - •- CD CC -O O OO O O O D ^ O O K •OO •O »n Muo- DO- ^^O •^.»' OO- OO P^O ,-0 OO «0 *nO — c»- o-- .-^ Of- o-«- o^ o^ o-^"'^ c;0| OO- N.O OO pwO OO r^o *>o ^'0 oo oo oo oo oo o_j oo ^o oo o^ -oo CO -oo cc oo oo oo oo oc -co Fall/Winter 1987 lassist quarterly - 13 figure 3 ...cont «o o UjO> ot> oO uO- oO-*> lO iO zO- lO-«» «» «o ^o ^o _iO- jO- jO _jO jO- 5 S (JO wo (3 0> UJO. ii^o tr< « •-0 •~o rviO s s" s ceo S* S' (DO*" O O O WffO rvoio 0.0 coo MO oo -oo So Fall/Winter 1987 14 - iassist quarterly figure 3 ...cont Su, Fall/Winler 1987 iassist quarterly figure 3 ...cont o^ __ _ _^ _^ _ _ _ _ _ VJO •-•<> «0» DO- oo- < »-Opo at *-»^ mO»^ Er- Cf- t-w- «*- Z«~ u ujOo XO-O «0-0 a aO'Ki t.rf^*n a.o^^ t*- ,- _ ^_ ^^ «._ o cc CO> <» _)»- M»- ru E u. w O O UjOO. ^„ „ w — — — _ . . _ >. ujOO> vjO •-•<> «0» DO- OO- < »-OpO ac O-KI -"— Zr- ti- t-»- <•- Z«- »-» ujOo I*-0 QtO O-O «o _j _( a aO'Kl t-*?"*^ -^ c«- V- f- 4^ •»• < Do O'O ^o <^o o wo «o z X t- < z z»^»-»ni— »o to- o» •"•o < uj oc a. < xouo^o o o a.o> luo (ao- CO' -lO- oo>^» ^ o- o- o « < < « < UjC U/O' CE o om UJO- uO' ujO- uO' u O uj ^ luZC ZO' zo- zO^ ic z <0. «©. <0- <0' < O- _jO- _jO- _iO- _jO- JO OO' 00> OO' UO OO- UO- OO' UO- Z Z Z Z Z ZO- ZO' ZO- lO- iC Zr- < o 8<^ 0> O- O. O- Oi (D O- (C CD 09 (T O- £ ,- t- 3 O 0> O O .- K^O-O 0> O- "^ ^- f^ '+0' in-iO- f-^O- ry-»0- C->0- CDooo "4-^ t>u 'KIO-^ tn t/\ O O O mO-O-O-t-O-^O^CO- COZ ^^ « CDz^>0 •- •- fVJ l\l r- •OMr-inlM r\j ti"rM INjunr.i l\n/^<\l OiU*/i 0_l 0>- CO'O O d O O O CO O-O C—O O—lO O-^C C~i_i 00_J C_| O > D«- O O D O O O 0> C JO- 0_J0 O _'0 D jO- OfN*— OftJK O/Vj -0 tnt-O i/%»-C w^^-b •nz'^J Kioj *nO(» K%o l^JO>' (M rvt rsj iNi ^ ru«o r\»i«o i\««o "»• zo>o KO*^ «»^ ^(M^ UOO 0.0*0 UtO'O SO'O O*^ O'*^ Of^ < XO'O ** O.X* (>>_l*^ 0_jO fv**" rviUiO" (Vjiu* "r; a JSi> ; o t! -a -o c " o S-Oci 5'"aF^ ^c.^= 5-i5p- -ego. .^cU = „ 5"".. Z £1 .i£ ,= "^ " "^S X^ 22 W 5 c « 9 ;£ 5 .2 E ,, c " ^ -d i5 "-*---! f3«° |S-='= 3£-o§« 8l"S ^ iz It i^^ E I III |s:il" i§s.g- al -: S- rS S-IJ :2~; ? ; E-= -o ^ c .^^ « "S •- - _^ " £• = - -J ?f^ < '^ s -^ -n -a E — =5 ~ " 2 t CO- c-^gs^ noo.sM ^5co - -o o c fall/Winter J 987 iassist quarterly - 17 figure 4 •PERSON: H01291X BARN IC062355 «ni29 58 BARN 'n0^29l7 m6128?1 1(062*29 1(062398 ICQ40998 Hn128( MO12906 K06238* rg6?J97 xOblfO-* It061021 «0129; GIFT K0*n732 K040'12 It06?582 STAH9ATA 1825 JENS NIK ANDR LANGE 3 9 1905 816 TRANSOATA 8 01090190 5081601500 9 3467 19Q90701 02 506 B063741f BQ72U1871n722TQ5Q2 6063831 857n?1Qln5Q4 DOgO**] 6(580701852091820352 t) 0999018 600 30720502 n10094l( ., , .^., D101801 8670*0210502 D 1 03361871 1 22 520002 D1 0* 931 85605U 1 072 t 1(009951894081520500 < 026921 889072 51 500 1(0310*1880072910502 K03187187A05302n502 1(0*5011842032801000 K051 391 866031 *20500 i^8im]§^i8^??i8i8S mmmimmm mmmimmm S70n*91 83*000003001 5 7007018 50000001722 T408001 901 000001 502 6106141858071120502 01062 718 61122920502 61 071 81 86909n51 Q5Q2 D16835187803O310O02 0658018 7*0104 10502 » 1 §' !« J g ^§043020502 D173721 86on317i0502 KOOS751 892031 31 0662 K009801 89203 1 320662 1(009951894081520500 1(031871874053020502 miiwmmmm S700491 83*000003001 1705081854000003001 TZ05351650O000O1722 T708581 87000000150? Vg21941 852012801000 •PERSON: «01294n BARN 1(040732 H01291* BARN BH012903 M012886 H012916 K062386 K061175 GIFT K041248 K061998 STANOATA 1867 3 1LARS JON LANGE 3 11 . ,„.„„ ^„„ ,,.„„, , THANSDATA 01590189 5062 310012 01599189 7010710012 601 t-'O' 905091 71 001 2 6020551898111320012 0207119 00111120012 0101801867040201000 K019561911062510502 K02OO71 9200 5281 0502 '<021 151 91 5081 720502 K0212?1916O2252p5n2 1(055491909080110502 K09 559 1881 080601 000 Tioanii 901000001012 T;'o858i87ooQogo5ggi vQQ4n7i 894oeg50i on V007401916040910502 V 0076919 21 3271 0502 VOOfla 1 191602141 001 6 V008981 920042110502 V009091 9 2208221 0502 V009361 927022220502 V033851930101010502 Figure 4: The information in the PERSON archive on the same two heads of household as reflected in earlier figures. The person is identified by the PIN-code preceded by M (males) or K (females); the second line gives the parents, third (and forth if necessary) the children. Under the heading GIFT (= married) the spouses are identified. Finally, under the heading TRANSDATA there are references to all events in which the individual was considered a CP. The initial letters identifying events are: B for burials, D for baptisms, K for confirmations, S for censuses with the extended family as the unit, T for censuses with a biological family as the unit, and V for the weddings. Fail/Winter 1987