IASSIST Quarterly 2013 51 IASSIST Quarterly DDI Timeline by Mary Vardigan1 Abstract This timeline lists key developments and events in the history of the DDI, beginning with selected foundational developments that set the stage for DDI and facilitated its creation. Note that while many archives have played a significant role in DDI history, only the ones established early on are listed here. 1946 Roper Center established. 1960 Zentralarchiv established. 1962 Inter-university Consortium for Political [and Social] Research (ICPSR) established. 1964 Steinmetz Archive established. 1965-1968 MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging) standards developed at [U.S.] Library of Congress. 1967 United Kingdom Data Archive (UKDA) established. 1967 OSIRIS (Organized Set of Integrated Routines for Investigations with Statistics) statistical software package developed at University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research. 1968 First version of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) released. 1970 American Library Association appoints Subcommittee to Recommend Rules for Cataloging Machine-Readable Data Files. 1971 Norwegian Social Science Data Service (NSD) established. 1974 International Association for Social Science Information Services and Technology (IASSIST) formed following the Conference on Data Archives and Program Library Services, held in conjunction with the 8th World Conference of Sociology in Toronto, Canada. 1974 Report issued on “Standardization of Study Description Schemes and Classification of Indicators,” a product of a meeting held in Copenhagen, Denmark, at the Danish Data Archives with nine archives from six countries in attendance. 1975 IASSIST establishes Classification Action Group. 1976 Council of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA) established. 1978 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2) published by the American Library Association (includes a new Chapter 9, for machine-readable data files). 1979 Sue Dodd publishes “Bibliographic References for Numeric Social Science Data Files: Suggested Guidelines.” Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Volume 30, Issue 2, pp. 77–82, March 1979. 1980 A Style Manual for Machine-readable Data Files and Their Documentation published by R.C. Roistacher with contributions from Sue Dodd, B.B. Noble, and Alice Robbin. 1982 Sue Dodd publishes Cataloging Machine-Readable Data Files. An Interpretive Manual. American Library Association, Chicago. Selected foundational developments that set the stage for DDI 52 IASSIST Quarterly 2013 IASSIST Quarterly 1985 Sue Dodd and Ann M. Sandberg-Fox publish Cataloging Microcomputer Files: A Manual of Interpretation for AACR 2. 1985 Fienberg et al. publish Sharing Research Data. Committee on National Statistics. Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1985. 1985 NSFNet, the precursor to the Internet, created. 1986 SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), descended from IBM’s Generalized Markup Language (GML) developed in the 1960s, becomes an ISO standard. 1989 World Wide Web invented. 1989 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) recommends an International Standard Bibliographic Description for Computer Files (ISBD/CF). 1993 IASSIST forms Action Group for “Codebook Documentation of Social Science Data.” 1993 CESSDA holds seminar on “Variable Level Documentation” in Gothenburg, Sweden. 1994 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative established. 1995 First SGML Codebook Committee, constituted by ICPSR Director Richard Rockwell, meets in Quebec City, Canada. Members develop a draft list of codebook elements. 1996 First DDI specification prepared at University of Michigan Library. An SGML Document Type Definition (DTD) was produced by David Barber and John Brandt (University of Michigan), Ann Green (Yale University), and the DDI Committee. 1996 First Working Draft of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) published. 1997 U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) funding received to enhance DDI and betatest it. This award (SBR-9617813) funded DDI development and ICPSR codebook digitization. Final Report (pdf ) 1997 SGML DDI specification translated to XML. This work was done by Jan Nielsen, Danish Data Archive. 1998 Committee meets in New Haven, CT. Prepares for betatesting. 1999 Betatest of DDI DTD takes place (see related article for testers’ names). 2000 DDI Version 1 (DTD-based) published. View Version 1 and successive iterations 2001 Formal DDI evaluation, funded by NSF, takes place. Evaluators praise the effort Evaluation Report 2001 Funding for DDI development received from Health Canada during 2001-2002. Covers costs of meetings until Alliance established 2001 Working group on aggregate data meets in Voorburg, Netherlands. Group develops a proposal for DDI coverage of aggregate/tabular data 2001 First DDI Training held at IASSIST in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Bill Block and Wendy Thomas lead the workshop on “Creating DDI Compliant Codebooks” 2002 Bjorn Henrichsen, NSD, becomes Chair of the DDI Committee. 2002 Committee meets in Storrs, CT, to draft DDI Alliance charter. View the Charter 2003 Final meeting of original DDI Committee held in Washington, DC (see related article for members’ names). Minutes 2003 DDI Alliance established with Tom Piazza, UC-Berkeley, Chair. View “About the Specification” from original Alliance Web site, March 2007 2003 DDI Alliance Steering Committee meets for the first time. Minutes 2003 DDI 2 published. DDI now covers aggregate data and geography View Version 2 and successive iterations DTD Version History http://www.ddialliance.org/sites/default/files/final.pdf http://ddi-alliance.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/ddi-alliance/ddi/dtd/Version1.dtd?view=log http://www.ddialliance.org/sites/default/files/evalsummary.pdf http://www.iassistdata.org/downloads/ddi_workshop.pdf http://www.iassistdata.org/downloads/ddi_workshop.pdf http://web.archive.org/web/20120405100126/http:/www.ddialliance.org/alliance/charter http://www.ddialliance.org/DDI/committee-info/minutes/2003-02-07.html http://web.archive.org/web/20070307225957/www.ddialliance.org/codebook/index.html http://www.ddialliance.org/DDI/committee-info/minutes/2003-02-08.html http://ddi-alliance.cvs.sourceforge.net/ddi-alliance/ddi/dtd/ http://web.archive.org/web/20060711204401/http:/www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI/dtd/version-history.html IASSIST Quarterly 2013 53 IASSIST Quarterly 2003 DDI Expert Committee meets for first time in Ann Arbor, MI. Committee discusses transition from DTD to Schemas; New working groups on Structural Reform and Substantive Issues formed Minutes 2004 DDI Expert Committee meets in Madison, WI. Committee discusses requirements for Version 3 Minutes Lifecycle Model 2005 Hans Jorgen Marker, DDA, becomes Chair of the DDI Expert Committee ; Ron Nakao, Stanford, Vice Chair. 2005 DDI Expert Committee meets in Edinburgh, Scotland. Committee ratifies life cycle model and DDI 3 begins to take shape Minutes 2006 DDI Expert Committee meets in Ann Arbor, MI. Committee approves the scope and timeline for Version 3 Minutes 2007 Public Review of DDI 3 takes place. 2007 DDI Expert Committee meets in Montreal, Canada. Committee approves Candidate Draft of DDI 3 Minutes 2007 First DDI Training Workshop takes place at Schloss Dagstuhl in Wadern, Germany. Course description 2008 DDI 3 published as XML Schemas. Version 3.0 2008 Expert Committee meets at IASSIST in Palo Alto, CA. Plans for tools development discussed Minutes 2008 DDI develops Best Practices for DDI 3. Best Practices 2009 DDI Lifecycle 3.1 published. Link to Specification 2009 First European DDI Users Conference (EDDI) held in Bonn, Germany. Program (PDF) 2009 DDI Expert Committee meets in Tampere, Finland. Committee discusses tools and outreach to NSIs Minutes (pdf ) 2010 Chuck Humphrey, University of Alberta, becomes Chair of the DDI Expert Committee; Mari Kleemola, FSD, Vice Chair. 2010 Second EDDI Conference held in Utrecht, Netherlands. Program (pdf ) 2010 DDI Developers Group meets for first time in Utrecht, Netherlands. View Minutes and Reports 2010 DDI Expert Committee meets in Ithaca, NY. Rebranding DDI 2 and 3 as DDI Codebook and Lifecycle approved Minutes (pdf ) 2011 External review of DDI takes place. Review report 2011 DDI Alliance publishes first set of controlled vocabularies. View vocabularies 2011 Expert Committee meets in Vancouver, Canada. Results of external review discussed Minutes (pdf ) 2011 Third EDDI Conference held in Gothenburg, Sweden. Program (pdf ) 2011 DDI Alliance releases Tools Catalog. View catalog 2011 DDI Alliance establishes agency registry. View registry 2012 DDI Expert Committee Meets in Washington, DC. Plans for a model-based specification discussed Minutes (pdf ) 2012 DDI Codebook 2.5 published as XML schemas. Specification 2012 First Dagstuhl Workshop on model-based DDI held. Description Paper http://www.ddialliance.org/DDI/committee-info/minutes/2003-10-12.html http://www.ddialliance.org/DDI/committee-info/minutes/2004-05-29.html http://www.ddialliance.org/system/files/Concept-Model-WD.pdf http://www.ddialliance.org/DDI/committee-info/minutes/2005-05-22.html http://www.ddialliance.org/DDI/committee-info/minutes/2006-05-27.html http://www.ddialliance.org/DDI/committee-info/minutes/2007-05-19.html http://www.dagstuhl.de/en/program/calendar/evhp/?semnr=07432 http://downloads.sourceforge.net/ddi-alliance/DDI_3_0_2008-04-28_Documentation_XMLSchema.zip?modtime=1209367396 http://www.ddialliance.org/DDI/committee-info/minutes/2008-05-31.html http://www.ddialliance.org/resources/publications/working/bestpractices http://www.ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-Lifecycle/3.1/ http://www.iza.org/conference_files/eddi09/2011_01_17_online_program.pdf http://www.ddialliance.org/sites/default/files/minutes/2009-05-25.pdf http://www.iza.org/conference_files/eddi10/Program_2010-12-04_JW.pdf http://www.ddialliance.org/alliance/working-groups#ddc http://www.ddialliance.org/sites/default/files/DDI Alliance Expert Committee Meeting Minutes(2) 5-31-2010.pdf http://www.ddialliance.org/sites/default/files/DDI Alliance Review Summary 2011-07-08.pdf http://www.ddialliance.org/controlled-vocabularies http://www.ddialliance.org/sites/default/files/DDIAllianceExpertCommitteeMeetingMinutes2011-05-30_0.pdf http://www.iza.org/conference_files/EDDI2011/call_for_papers/EDDI11_Program_2011-11-26.pdf http://www.ddialliance.org/resources/tools http://registry.ddialliance.org/ http://www.ddialliance.org/sites/default/files/DDIAllianceExpertCommitteeMeetingMinutes2012-06-04.pdf http://www.ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-Codebook/2.5/ https://www.dagstuhl.de/en/program/calendar/evhp/?semnr=12432 http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/DDIWorkingPaper04 54 IASSIST Quarterly 2013 IASSIST Quarterly 2012 Fourth EDDI Conference held in Bergen, Norway. Program 2013 DDI RDF Discovery and XKOS vocabularies published. Description 2013 First North American DDI Users Conference (NADDI) Held in Lawrence, KS. Program 2013 DDI Membership/Scientific Board Meets in Cologne, Germany. Transition to new governance structure discussed Minutes 2013 First DDI Executive Board (successor to Steering Committee) meets with Gillian Nicoll, Australian Bureau of Statistics, as Chair and Ron Nakao, Stanford University, as Vice Chair. View members and minutes 2013 DDI “Sprints” launched to work on model-based DDI. More information 2013 Fifth EDDI Conference held in Paris, France. Program 2014 DDI Lifecycle Version 3.2 published. References “About the [DDI] Specification.” DDI Alliance Web Site (via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine): (Accessed February 12, 2014) Block, Bill, Wendy Thomas, Robert Wozniak, and Joshua Buysse. (2001) Creating DDI Compliant Codebooks: Breckenhill, Inc. (2011) DDI Alliance External Review: Summary and Recommendations July 8, 2011. DDI Alliance Agency Registry. (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI Alliance Original Charter (via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine): (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI Best Practices for DDI 3. (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI [Codebook] DTD Version 1 and successive iterations. (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI [Codebook] DTD Version 2 and successive iterations: (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI [Codebook] DTD version history (via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine): (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI Codebook Version 2.5 (XML schemas). DDI Controlled Vocabularies. (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI Lifecyle Model. (2004) (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI Lifecycle Version 3. (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI Lifecycle Version 3.1. DDI Tools Catalog: (Accessed February 12, 2014) DDI RDF Discovery and XKOS vocabularies. (Accessed February 12, 2014) European DDI Users Conference (EDDI) (Bonn, Germany), 2009. (Accessed February 12, 2014) European DDI Users Conference (EDDI) (Utrecht, Netherlands), 2010. (Accessed February 12, 2014) European DDI Users Conference (EDDI) (Gothenburg, Sweden), 2011. (Accessed February 12, 2014) European DDI Users Conference (EDDI) (Bergen, Norway), 2012. (Accessed February 12, 2014) European DDI Users Conference (EDDI) (Paris, France), 2013. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). (2000) Final Report to National Science Foundation “Electronic Preservation of Data Documentation: Complementary SGML and Image Capture” SBR-9617813 [August 1 1997-July 31, 2000] Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). (2001) Addendum to NSF Final Report “Electronic Preservation of Data Documentation: Complementary SGML and Image Capture,” SBR-9617813: Results of the Evaluation of the Data Documentation Initiative (DDI), April 24, 2001. Minutes of Final Meeting of Original DDI Committee (Washington, DC), 2003: (Accessed February 12, 2014) (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of First Meeting of DDI Alliance Expert Committee (Ann Arbor, MI), 2003. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Expert Committee Meeting (Madison, WI), 2004. (Accessed February 12, 2014) http://www.eddi-conferences.eu/ocs/public/conferences/1/schedConfs/1/program-en_US.pdf http://www.ddialliance.org/Specification/RDF http://www.ipsr.ku.edu/naddi/program.shtml http://www.ddialliance.org/system/files/DDIAllianceAnnual MeetingOfMembersAndScientificBoardMinutes2013-05-27.pdf http://www.ddialliance.org/alliance/structure#steering http://www.ddialliance.org/alliance/minutes http://www.ddialliance.org/ddi-moving-forward-process http://www.eddi-conferences.eu/ocs/index.php/eddi/EDDI13/schedConf/program IASSIST Quarterly 2013 55 IASSIST Quarterly Minutes of DDI Expert Committee Meeting (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2005. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Expert Committee Meeting (Ann Arbor, MI), 2006. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Expert Committee Meeting (Montreal, Canada), 2007. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Expert Committee Meeting (Palo Alto, CA), 2008. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Expert Committee Meeting (Tampere, Finland), 2009. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Expert Committee Meeting (Ithaca, NY), 2010. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Expert Committee Meeting (Vancouver, Canada), 2011. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Expert Committee Meeting (Washington, DC), 2012. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Membership/Scientific Board (Cologne, Germany), 2013. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Executive Board. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes of DDI Steering Committee. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Minutes and Reports of DDI Developers Group. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Nielsen, Per (1974). “Report on Standardization of Study Description Schemes and Classification of Indicators.” Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) SIGSOC Bulletin, Volume 6, Issue 2-3, Fall-Winter 1974-1975, pages 39-46. North American DDI Users Conference (NADDI) (Lawrence, KS), 2013. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Participants in 2012 Dagstuhl Seminar on DDI Moving Forward. (2012) “Developing a Model-Driven DDI Specification.” DDI Working Paper Series, Paper No. 4. Schloss Dagstuhl Workshop (First Dagstuhl Training) (Wadern, Germany), 2007. http://www.dagstuhl.de/en/program/calendar/ evhp/?semnr=07432 (Accessed February 12, 2014) Schloss Dagstuhl Workshop on DDI Model (Wadern, Germany), 2013. (Accessed February 12, 2014) “Sprints” to Develop Model-based DDI. (Accessed February 12, 2014) Notes 1. Mary Vardigan is an Assistant Director at the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) and Director of the DDI Alliance. She can be reached at vardigan@umich.edu. 2. Members of original SGML Codebook Committee: • Merrill Shanks, UC-Berkeley, Chair • Richard Rockwell, ICPSR • Atle Alvheim, NSD • Martin Appel, Census • David Barber, Michigan • Grant Blank, University of Chicago • Bill Bradley, Health Canada • Pat Doyle, AHCPR • Terry Finnegan, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois • Peter Granda, ICPSR • Ann Green, Yale • Stephan Greene, Maryland • Lynn Jacobsen, Columbia • John Price-Wilkin, Michigan • Karsten Rasmussen, DDA • Rolf Uher, Zentralarchiv, Koeln • Mary Vardigan, ICPSR 3. Full URLs for all material linked in the Time Line can be found in References. 56 IASSIST Quarterly 2013 IASSIST Quarterly Keywords from Vol 37 N0. 1-4. Courtesy Tagxedo.com