18 - iassist quarterly Educating the data user: the role of bibliographic instruction by Kristin McDonough' Baruch College, City University of New York The program of credit courses in research methods and materials offered by the Library Instruction Division at Baruch College, CUNY, has been in existence since the early 1970's. With the exponential growth of information and the advancement of technology the courses have shifted dramatically from a practical "how to use the library" approach to a more conceptually based one that integrates process and product, tools and techniques, traditional print and electronic information sources. What were pioneered as library research courses two decades ago have come to bear the titles " Information Research in Business" and "Information Research in the Social Sciences and the Humanities", testimony to the fact that the site of research is now just as often an online laboratory or a personal computer in the office or home as a library. 'Presented at the International Association for Social Science Information Service and Technology (IASSIST) Conference held in Washington, D.C., May 26-29, 1988 Of course, research involves much more than just a choice of site or form/media in which a body of disciplinary evidence or a synthesis of opinion, or string of raw numbers is stored. As research methods have evolved and changed, so has the content of these basic courses over the years. One of the most dramatic changes in the substantive content of the courses has been the increase in emphasis on access to, evaluation, and use of public data. Our team of six bibliographic instruction librarians has a special commitment to alerting students to potential sources of data because of the nature of the institution in which we teach. Baruch College is, arguably, the largest business school in the world. As such, it attracts students who are, or are quickly trying to become, quantitatively oriented, and offers business and social science courses that are, in the main, quantitatively based. By junior year a student can reasonably expect in one semester to be working on a demographic analysis for a market plan, an econometric projection for a finance course, and the comparison of a fictitious company's data with that of a national sample for an industrial management class. What is perhaps surprising is that emphasis more often is on the manipulation and application of numbers, using increasingly sophisticated statistical and spreadsheet software, than on identification and retrieval of the sources of these figures. By and large, students are provided with the numbers that they are expected to "crunch." Our goal in the information research courses is to go a step further and tie the identification of authoritative sources of data to the secondary data analysis. We teach students how to identify and recognize potential sources of data from ever-growing core of government, institutional, corporate and private generators of data on both domestic and international levels because we are loathe to make them dependant on data derived from out-of-date textbooks and recycled classroom lectures. Summer 1988 iassist quarterly - 19 If OUT courses as now constituted succeed in the important task of convincing students of the relative availabilit\' of published data relevant to their particular needs, it is because we have made a conscious efTort to integrate this notion into the fabric of the courses. This was, unfortunately, not always so, at least not for those sections of the courses taught by a humanities-oriented, numbers-shy librarian such as myself. In fact, it is only within the past six or seven semesters that I have stopped treating statistics as a separate entity to be introduced toward the middle of the semester and confined to a fairly cursory treatment of standard sources, such as the specialized statistical indexes. There are several reasons for my former approach to statistics as a self contained unit broached halfway into a course. The first is simply that the material on statistical sources forms chapter 11 in each of the two in-house textbooks that we use in these courses: Access Information: Research in the Social Sciences and the Humanities, and Access Information: Research in Business . The position of this chapter, following a chapter on government documents, meant that an instructor following the chronology of the text waited to focus on statistical sources until the students had wrestled with government documents — that bibliographically unwieldy type of material daunting even to the most experienced of librarians. The reasorung behind this order of presentation seemed to be that since so many of the important statistical series are, in fact, government publications with complex corporate authorship and involved series added entries, it was best to deal with these later in the semester when the students would be more knowledgable. Linking statistical sources with government documents not only reinforced the notion that statistics could be complicated to identify — as anyone who has searched under 'United States. Bureau of the Census' as author can anest — but, in a non-depository library like ours, difficult to actuallv locate. Another reason for this artifical approach toward teaching public data sources was the use of the search strategy as a conceptual framework upon which to structure the presentation of instructional material and the completion of assigimients. A search strategy is a suggested sequence of steps to be followed in conducting research on almost any subject The order is, of course, approximate, and the object is to dispel the notion that relevant knowledge and information on a subject are acquired serendipitously rather than through a orderly process using standard bibliographic tools. Using this approach, for example, librarians have students choose a topic of their choice and then introduce them, first, to the notion of background reading, sthen to the definition of terms using a thesarus, thirdly to the identification of a bibliography of previous research, fourthly to books using the catalog, fifthly to periodicals for current information, and finally, the icing on the cake, to RECENT STATISTICS. One was lucky to have guided the students this far through a search strategy by the midterm point! Below are selected examples of the approach adopted over the past few years in an attempt to underscore the centrality and virtual omnipresence of quantitative evidence in the sort of contemporary social science research in which students are expected to engage or with which, at minimum, they are expected to be familiar. Though I continue to use a modified search strategy framework, my goal is to stress the fact that there are a number of ways to identify and access significant collections of published data. The focus of these examples is child day care, a timely and interesting topic for our largely working class students at Baruch. Very eariy in the semester students are taught to immerse themselves in a subject as they start their research. This initial immersion is referred to as backgroimd reading and yields a definition and condensed history of the subject an overview of the major issues involved, as well Summer J 988 20 iassist quarterly as the identification of major associations and researchers who have contributed to the formation of the body knowledge in the field. A specialized encyclopedia, such as in this case the Encyclopedia of Social Work, is often an ideal source of backgroimd reading. It features an expanded definition of the modalities of child care, with references to both individual and teams of researchers, as well as government agencies which have gathered data relating to "neighborhood care for several million families" (illus. 1). An additional point about the dme lag inherent in data collection and analyis can be made by noting how relatively dated are the references in, for example, the latest 1987 edition of an authoritative reference book, (illus. 1) In explaining the parenthetical citation form used in the encyclopedia, it is necessary to refer to the list of references appended at the end of each article. Focusing on the organizations represented in the entries is an ideal way to underscore the number and variety of groups involved in data collecting, (illus. 2) Profiles of these groups in the Encyclopedia of Asociations indicate those which have data gathering central to their mission, (illus.3) Guides to the literature or research guides are a generic family of library tools that students are encouraged to use early in the semester. It seems relevant to introduce the latest edition of Wasserman's Statistics Sources at the same time as Webb's Sources of Information in the Social Sciences and Friedes' Literature and Bibliography of the Social Sciences . As the illustration (illus. 4) suggests, students should be alerted to the fact that to maximize retrieval of information, fiexibility of approach is essential. Important series of statistics on day care can be found by looking either under "CHILD CARE ARRANGEMENTS" or under "CHILDREN - MOTHERS WORKING." That many of the publications identified in this guide are available on magnetic tapes as well as in paper is a point made again and again. This very question of research terminology is one best tackled right at the start of search strategy, with LC Subject Headings introduced as an example of a thesaurus. Its fimction is to provide an authority list of terms to be used in searching the catalog for books on a topic. One of the key points is that once the researcher determines the conect heading or search term, quantitative data on that same subject can be found by employing the standard subdivision —STATISTICS immediately following the heading, e.g. DAY CARE CENTERS —UNITED STATES —STATISTICS. (Illus. 5) Another type of reference tool with which students should fairly quickly become familiar is the handbook. The Statistical Abstract of the United States is introduced as an example of the type of handbook that is a compilation of tables, as well as the first recourse a student has when confronted with the task of "finding statistics". But rather than emphasize only the technical features of this single volume wonder, with its tabular titles, headings and notes, contents tables and subject index, it is more effective to present this as a first step which offers a "snapshot" of the full range of statistical series available from various government agencies. In the illustration below (illus. 6), for example, the crucial part of the table is the source note which identifies a Current Population Report by series number. That these periodic census updates are relatively easy to find and are available in machine-readable form are points dial can be made immediately and re-emphasized later in the course of reviewing the concept of series entries as one of the elements of the catalog, (illus. 7) By this very early point in the semester, then, students have been shown that a key publication such as Cunent Population Reports can be located in a variety of ways, through references in a bibliographic guide ( Statistics Sources) , or Summer 1988 iassist quarterly - 21 those in a handbook (Statistical Abstract of the United States) , or through the subject or series approach to the hbrary's catalog. That there is more than one route in no way diminishes the key importance of American Statistics Index or the Statistical Reference Index , which are now routinely introduced along with other periodical indexes. The power of these relatively sophisticated bibliographic tools and the level of detailed analysis they provide of statistical publications is impressed on the students. One effective way in which to start students thinking about the degree of complexity of a social issue such as day care is to have them simply scan the index volume of either ASI or SRI and note the various aspects of the subject on which data are generated and collected for subsequent analysis and policy implementation. This pair of bibliographic tools are no longer only viewed as access tools alone but also as a record or minor of the perspectives from which day care can be viewed: a service to working mothers, a fast growing service industry, a tax benefit to individuals and corporations, an employee benefit, a unit in the health and nutrition deliver)' system and so on. (Illus. 9) One reason why it is important to familiarize students with a number of other indexes that can lead to statistical series is that the wealth of material identified by ASI or SRI , either online or in print, can be overwhelming and ultimately disappointing, especially to students using a non-depository library of moderate size which may not subscribe to all the publications indexed. Odier indexes that are profitably introduced as adjuncts to, if not substitutes for, the above are Monthly Catalog of the United States (illus. 10) and the PAIS Bulletin (illus. 11). The latter identifies quantitative studies in two ways : with the subdivision "Statistics", or by means of a note in the citation indicating that the material contains graphs, tables, charts. Each of these indexes generally employs subject terms identical to LC Subject Headings , with which, bv this time, the students feel familiar. References to public data can also be used efTectively when the class discusses the protocol of documentation, which is a concept that undergraduates often find difficult to grasp. "What kind of facts do I have to cite?" is one of the most frequently asked questions, to which for years I had been responding, "Any opinion not your own, controversial ideas, facts that are not generally known." Since adding to that not very helpful list "figures or data that are subject to change" I have begun to sense that at least a few of the students now comprehend. They are beginning to understand that a statement such as "Albany is the capital of New York State" is both generally known and relatively stable but that a reference to the population of New York state should be docimiented since demographic figures change. In fact, as the students now realize, reference to statistics that are woefully in error is one of the surest signs that the sources on which a paper is based are either out-of-date or unreliable. Then, too, even the most reliable and authoritative of sources is never entirely bias-free, and is certainly subject to misinterpretation, an observation that surfaces continually in class discussions on the importance of evaluating material. In response to an assignment to identify at least one publication or report the data in which have susequently been questioned, several students located accounts in the popular press or scholarly literatiire about surveys whose results had been either misrepresented or misinterpreted. A New York Times article reponed an assertion by one researcher that the number of latchkey children in the U.S. is far greater than suspected, since the estimate of their numbers has largely been based on the self-reported responses of the parents. Many working couples who are surveyed may not admit that their young children are left alone at home while they are at work. A union newspaper published by the AFT contained an editorial repudiating the results of an NIE report on school crime on the grounds that the Summer 1988 22 - iassist quarterly national survey had made virtually no distinction in the category "incidents of crime" between pranks, minor vandalism and armed assualts on teachers! As each student reported on the assignment orally to the class, it became clear that for the majority of students, this exercise really made the notion of data come alive. Undoubtedly, the fact that Bliss Siman, the ICPSR coordinator for all units of the City University of New York, is a dyanmic member of our teaching team has contributed to our determination to make awareness of potential sources and uses of survey, census, and lime-series data a vital pan of our credit courses. For several semesters she has been presenting sessions on the secondary analysis of data to all sections of the social sciences and business information research courses, using an approach that she describes elsewhere in this issue. The prime motive for the emphasis we place on the interdependence between data identification, retrieval and evaluation on the one hand and manipulation on the other, is to give the students the skills necessary to locate sources of authoritative data. There is yet another impetus behind our thrust toward familiarizing even our beginning, non-specialist students with sources of available data. We want, over the course of the undergraduate's career, to turn the student into a discerning and demanding consumer who will incorporate use of data into subsequent business and professional life. Without a developed group of educated and expectant users coming out of our colleges, universities and professional schools, who will join with librarians and scholars to protest, for example, the Bureau of the Census- intent to make certain of their series available in electronic form only? In the future, when dollar values are put on information and access becomes a matter of economics and political will, we hope that our efforts in the classroom will have had some effect n Bibliography American statistics index . Washington, DC: Congressional Information Service, 1974 -. Encyclopedia of associations . Gale Research Co., 1979 Detroit, Mich.: Encyclopedia of social work . Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers, 1974. Friedes, Thelma. Literature and bibliography of the social sciences . Lx)s Angeles, Ca.: Melville Pub. Co., 1973. PAIS bulletin . New York, NY: Public Affairs Information Service, 1986 -. Sources of information in the social sciences: a guide to the literature. 3rd, ed. Chicago, II: American Library Association, 1986. Statistical reference index . Bethesda, Md: Congressional Information Service, 1980 -. Statistics sources . Detroit Mich.: Gale Research Co., 1983. United States. Bureau of the Census Cuneni population reports . Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1948 -. United States. Bureau of the Census Statistical abstract of the United States . Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, "latest . United Stales. Library of Congress. Subject Cataloging Division Library of Congress subject headings . Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1986. Summer 1988 iassist quarterly - 23 Illustration 1 Encyclopedia of Social Work. 18th Edition. Association of Social Workers, 1987. Edited by Anne Minahan. New York: National V older brothers and sisters, grandmothers, other kin, and householders to the extent possible, or even on the children themselves (Werner, 1984). Increasingly, however, families are turning to care outside the home. It is esti- mated that this was the case by 1980 for about half of all children under 6 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982). Smaller families and in- creased rates of maternal employment have gone hand in hand, and most families using out-of-home care are purchasing care for one child (Emlen, 1974, 1982; Hayghe, 1984). FamilyDgy-Cofe. The Ldie ut^^tul4ren in a relatives home is less common than used to bV ( U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1982). Day care is more liKeiy to be nearoy wlih"a neighbor. Family day care is provided by women who are not in the labor force, who have child care responsibilities of their own (usually involving larger families), and whose experience and motivations are suited to pro- viding a child care service, typically involv- ing three or four children—less than the limits imposed by regulation. Family day care is the predominant resource used outside the home for infants and toddlers. It is also a major resource for school-age children. Care in family homes affords flexibility in the ages of children accommodated and in the hours that care is provided. Concern has been raised about the use of family day care in deterio- rated neighborhoods, about the isolation of caregivers from social support and training, and about their inaccessibility to regulation or to I & R programs. Family day care pers|st3 , hovyever, as a viable system of neighborhood care for~severahTnit hes (Collins & Watson, 1976; Emler Emlen & Koren, 1984; Fosburg ct Werner, 1984). Cenfer Care. Although nonprofit day care centers continue to provide a significant amount of subsidized care for lower-income 500 percent in 5 years (Kinder-Care, 1983) and has the largest market share of the center care business. The second-largest chain. La Petite Academy, has over 400 programs in 24 states, and Children's World serves more than 20,000 children in 160 centers (Fried- man, 1985). These chains have been profit- able, in part by achieving efficiencies from large numbers of children per center and minimum labor costs, as well as by marketing their discount programs to employers. Treatment In Day Care Settings. In any community, child care is recognized as occupying an important, though often ne- glected, position on a continuum of special- ized services to families at risk of dissolution. Whether for mental health or child welfare, child care is one of the least restrictive serv- ices that can be supportive of family function- ing and of a child's treatment program. Child care services play a part in the "reasonable effort" required as alternatives to placement in foster care or residential treatment facili- ties (Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, P.L. 96-272). Employee Assistance. Of wider scope, however, are two kinds of services to families to help them cope with their child care re- sponsibilities. One is the employee assistance program (EAP), which began as a corporate approach to problems related to alcoholism and has been broadened to address the indi- vidualized child care needs of employees. Employee assistance programs have ex- panded in scope as more attention has been paid to how employees manage child care, how it affects their work, and how company policies, in turn, facilitate or adversely affect the ability of employees to combine working with family responsibilities. The flexibility of policies concerning sick leave, maternity and paternity leave, flexible work hours, and ab- senteeism are being modified by companies. Summer 1988 24 - iassist quarterly niustration 2 Encyclopedia of Social Work. 18th Edition. r Services. Phase I Results. Cambridge, Mass.: Author. Beer, E. (1957). Working Mothers and the Day Nursery. New York: Whiteside. Blank, H. (1985). Fact Sheet. Washington, D.C.: Children's Defense Fund. Brookings Institution. (1972). Setting National Pri- orities: The 1973 Budget. Washington, D.C.: Author. Bureau of National Affairs. (1984). Employers and Child Care: Development ofa New Employee Benefit. Washington, D.C.: Author. Burud, S., Aschbacher, P., & McCroskey, J. (1984). Employer-Supported Child Care: In- vesting in Human Resources. Dover, Mass.: Auburn House. Campbell, N. (1985). Analysis ofInternal Revenue Service Data. Washington, D.C.: National Women's Law Center. Catalyst. (1983). Child Care Information Service: An Option for Employer-Support of Child Care. New York: Author. Children's Defense Fund. (1982). Employed Par- ents and Their Children: A Data Book. Wash- ington, D.C.: Author. City Club of Portland. (1985). Survey ofEmployee- Sponsored Child Care Options. Portland, Or- egon: Author. Class, N.. & English, J. (1985). "Formulating Valid Standards For Licensing." Public Wel- fare, 43 0), 31-35. Clinton, L. (1985). "Guess Who Stays Home with a Sick Child?" Working .Mother, 5(10), 55-61. Coelen, C, Glantz, F., & Calore, D. (1978). Day on the Wo Portland, C Emlen, A., et al porate Fine Service. P University Fasciano, N. Sneezles i> Child Care Mother, 8 Fosburg, S., el United Sii^ No. [OHC U.S. Govt Friedman, D. ( Care: Ho\ Expectatii. (10). 1-6. Frieman, D. ( ance for C Board. Galinsky, E. ( Policies." (Eds.), 5- Boston: 1 Grubb, W. N Frontiers and Parer Lazerson Americar. New Yor Hayghe, H. Record 1 Review , . Hayghe, H.(l Summer 1988 iassist quarterly - 25 niustratioD 3 Encyclopedia of Associations. 22nd Edition. Detroit : Gale, 1988. Page 979 Section 7 - SOCIAL WELFARE Of 1^10212* CHILDREN'S DEFENSE FUND (CDF) i22CSl..N.W. Phone:(202)628-8787 Washington, DC 20001 Marian Wright Edelman, Pres. Founded; 1973. Staff: 60. Budget: $4,000,000. Provides systematic, long- range advocacy on behalf of the nation's children. Engages in research, pubfic education, monitoring of federal agencies, litigation, legislative drafting and testimony, assistance to state and local groups, and community organizing in areas of child welfare, child health, adolescent pregnancy prevention, child care and development, family services, and child mental health. Works with ixfividuals and groups to change policies and practices resulting in neglect or maltreatment of millions of children. Advocates: access to existing programs and services; creation of new programs and services where necessary; en- forcement of civO rights laws; program accountability; strong parent and community role in decision-making; ad^quateTOrtdiny tor-^^entiaJ programs for children. Maintains speakers' bureqjd^mpiles statisticsjjubfications: (1) CDF Reports (newsletter), monthly; f2)~Adolc3ecnt Pregnancy Prevention Clearinghouse Reports, bimonthly; also publishes series of books and hand- books on issues affecting children. Formerfy: (1978) Children's Defense Fund of the Washington Research Project. Convention/Meeting: annual confer- ence. •10213* CHILDREN'S RIGHTS GROUP (CRG) 693 Mission St. Phone:(415)495-7283 San Francisco. CA 94105 Vicki Strang, Deputy Dir. Founded: 1974. Staff: 33. Organization working primarily in the western and southwestern U.S. to help communities and parents utilize, upgrade, and ex- pand available services for children. Offers workshops, training seminars, and technical assistance to parents who seek to bring federally funded child nutri- tion programs into their community. Makes a special effort to aid organiza- tk)ns that work with migrant farmworkers' families. Sponsors Project Save, an energy conservation/youth employment program providing free home weatherization for tow-income househokJs in Daly City and San Francisco, CA. Conducts analyses of issues and legislation that affect chikJren's services, particularly tax fimitation proposals such as Califomia's Proposition 13. Lobbies for Fair Housing for Children ordinances (making it illegal for landtords to refuse rental to families with children) in California. Operates an employer- related chiW care project to promote child care services for employees of major Bay Area emptoyers. Compiles data on federal food program participa- tton. Focuses research on children's services including health, nutrition, and chDd care. Publications: Community Services Bulletin, monthly; also pubfishes •102171 P.O. Box Washingt Founded ports sta informati^ Children's •10218^ 3955 Crc P.O. Box : Colorado Founded Offers m vides for nancial si children's special c; sorship (1 children t (assists < and otha (assists n [ications: chures. F passion. ( •10219^ c/o Coun 1920 Ass Reston, V Founded: supportivi impaired ducts ser Environmi Scholarshi Formerly: Children; Hospitafizi for Excep Summer 1988 26 - iassist quarterly niustration 4 Statistics Sources. 10th Edition. Edited by Paul Wasserman. Detroit: Gale, 1986. STATISTICS SOI RCES, Eleventh Edilion - 19 CHICKENS - See POULTRY CHILD ABUSE American Humane Association, 9725 East Hampden, Denv. Colorado 80231; annual report, "National Analysis of Offici Child Neglect and Abuse Reporting- CHILD CARE ARRANGEMENTS US. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Suitlan Maryland 20233; "Current Population Reports." CHILD SUPPORT PAYMENTS AND ALIMONY U.S. Department of Commerce, Bu Maryland 20233; "Current Populat 1 Reports " CHILDREN - See also POPULATION and VITAL STATISTICS CHILDREN - AID - SOCLAL WELFARE PROGRAMS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Social Security Administration, 6401 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21235; monthly report, "Social Security Bulletin,- "Annual Statistical Supplement," monthly report, "Public Assistance Statistics," and unpublished data. U.S. Library of Congress, 10 First Street, SE, Washington, D C. 20540; "Cash and Non-Cash Benefits for Persons With Limited Income: Eligibility Rules, Recipient and Expenditure Data," September 1985. CHILDREN - ALIENS U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturaliiation Service, 425 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20536; "Statistical Yearbook," annual, and releases. CHILDREN - ATTENDING SCHOOL U S Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Suitland, Maryland 20233; "Current Population Reports," and unpublished data. US Department of Education, 400 Maryland Avenue. SW. Washington, DC. 20202; -Biennial Survey of Education in the United States," Chapter on Statistical Summary of Education. annual reports, "Digest of Education Statistics," and "Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools System," "Projections of Education Statistics," "Estimate! of School Statistics,- -Rankings of the States," and unpublished data CHILDREN - DAYS LOST FROM SCHOOL nd Human SerU.S. Departn Service, 20( D C. 20201;" nt of Health i Independence Aven ital and Health Statisti< vices. Public Health SW, Washington, d unpublished data CHILDREN - FA.MILIES WITH CHILDREN - IMMUNIZED AGAINST DISEASE U S Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, annual report, "United States Immunization Sun-ey " CHILDREN - JUVENILE DELINQUENCY US Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons, 320 First Street, NW, Washington, D C 20534, "Statistical Report. - U.S. Department of Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. 633 Indiana Avenue. NW. Washington. DC. 20531. -Children in Custody Advance Report on the 1982 Census of Public Juvenile Facilities,- and "Children in Custody: Advance Report on the 1982 Census of Private Juvenile Facilities" CHILDREN - MOTHERS WORKING ' 4~~ US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Suitland. Maryland 20233, "Current Population Reports," and unpublished U S Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW. Washington, D C 20212. "Special Labor Force Reports," and unpublished data. CHILDREN - NUMBER - PER DIVORCE DECREE US. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 200 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D C. 20201. annual report, "Vital Statistics of the United States,- "Monthly Vital Statistics Reports," and unpublished U S Department of Health and Human Se Security Administration, 6401 Security Bouleva Maryland 21235, -Annual Statistical Supplement Security Bulletin," and unpublished data. CHILDREN - ORPHANS US. Department of Health and Human Se Security Administration, 6401 Security Bouleva Maryland 20235, unpublished data US. Department of Agriculture, Foo. Fourteenth Street and Independence , DC. 20250, annual report, "Agri unpublished data nd Consumer Services. :nue, SW, Washington, tural Statistics." and Summer 1988 iassist quarterly - 27 Illustration 5 CUNY Librar*-. Card catalogue. Eef HA 203 A218 no. 14S DAY CAKE CENTEfiS UNITED STATES STATISTICS. BrunOf fiosalind B. After—school care of Bchool— age children : Decenber 1984 / by Rosalind R. Bruno. — Vashlngtont D. C. : D.S. Dept. of Commercet Bureau of the Census : [O.S. G.P.O.. distributor] ; 1987. Ivf 27 p. : I for« ; 28 cm. — (Current population reports, special studies series P-23 ; no. 149) Shipping list no.: 87-64-P. "Issued January 1987." Includes bibliographical references. C" NNBBC 29 SEP 87 15238845 VVBRdc SEE NEXT CRD Summer 1988 28 - iassist quarterly Illustration 6 U.S. Department of Commerce. Statistical Abstract of the U.S.. 108th Ed. Washington, D.C., 1988. No. 596. Child Care Arrangements of Children Under 15 of Employed Mothers, by Age of Child and Employment Status of Mother: 1984-1985 |ln thouund*, •xc«p( percent As ol wintef 1984-1985. OaU were otiLained lex \tw ttue^ youDQd^l chilOiun unckii IS yoAn okl lincKickng any adoplad (x slepct\ikfettn n tr>u« caie) m me household. This repceMinU appfoiimaluiy 90 peiceni ol eil chAnen under IS ytiatt oid ol vorlung women. BaMd on the Survey ol Income and Pi09iam Pa/1w:ipdtjon. iSM lexL secoon )4| USUAL WEEiar cuajD Camc AMHAMGEMENT ToW Cd/a n cttkfi home- By lather ^ By grandparent . By olher raiatwa . By norveiativa Ca/« n another home.. By grandpareni By Olher (echoQj _ Kindofganen/giade Ktvjol . CtM caroi lor vHI . Paient car«3 lor child ' KRCEMT CNSTKIBUTION Ciiie n cttkft home.. By tacrwr By grandpareni By o..i(«iiu 35 hourk or moie (ft wuth, » I; Mother employed Full Ume ' 16.813 2.480 1.133 423 539 365 2.675 743 285 1,647 1.830 1.067 763 6,976 354 497 Part Ume t.643 i2l9 1,363 289 265 302 1.126 395 162 &49 561 373 208 4.639 134 74U 100Q 230 14 1 30 2.7 3.1 117 8 1 39 22 502 1 4 78 8,168 2.534 1,282 467 306 479 3.020 633 366 1.819 1.668 1,142 746 663 100.0 310 15 7 6 7 37 59 37.0 102 4.5 223 23 I 140 8 1 CHILDREN UNDER i YEARS Mother employed FuU Ume 6.060 1,235 542 259 163 251 2.135 633 212 1,390 1.415 635 560 252 100.0 24.4 107 6 1 36 5.0 422 105 42 275 28 165 115 Part time S,108 1,300 740 209 123 228 664 300 155 429 473 307 166 412 418 238 6.7 4.0 7.3 28 4 C7 50 13 8 Under 1 yea/ 13 («) 133 516 252 102 563 174 70 319 195 lie 79 100.0 373 18 2 74 32 65 40 6 126 5 I 23 152 9 9 6.4 6 3 5 7 1 and 2 years 3,267 1,066 528 208 147 165 1.368 361 130 677 563 401 162 26/ 327 162 57 41 9 It 40 266 172 123 50 n 950 502 157 114 115 1.069 2aa 167 624 1,131 625 506 265 270 143 45 33 50 31 65 47 17 7 322 178 14 4 17 M 8.1 diun 5-14 ye art. loial 10,217 118 66 ^52 27 32 icliidui Momun wu-23/149 Bruno, Rosalind R. After-school care of school-age children : December 1984 / by Rosalind R. Bruno. — Washington, DC. : U.S. Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census : [U.S. G.P.O., distributor] ; 1987. Page 28 Annual $6.50 Began with 1964/65. Previously classed: C 3. ping list no.: 87-77-P. 1984-85. Description basec Earlier v. issued as part of: City finances. #Item 003-024-06232-1 @ GPO ISSN 0082-9439 1. Municipal finance— United States— Statisti cals. 2. Local finance — United States— Statisti cals. I. United States. Bureau of the Census. Ke government finances IL Series; Government fina 4. HJ9011.A4b 74-648912 //r81 336.73 OCU 87-7045 C 3J04/3584 County business patterns. United States. Washington Etept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census : Foi Supt of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., Supt of Docs., U.S. Off., Washington, D.C. 20402 V. : ilL ; 28 cm. Annual $5.50 Began with 1973. Previously classed: C 3.204: no: 86-778-P. "CBP-84-1." 1984. Description 1978. ©Item 133-A-52 S/N 003-024-06376-0 @ tinues in part: County business patterns, U.S. summ 1. United States — Industries— Periodicals. I. ' Bureau of the Census, sn-87042346 OCLC 0753^ 87-7046 C 3.20S/3:WP-«5 World population profile. Washington, D.C. : U.S. L merce. Bureau of the Census : For sale by the St U.S. G.P.O., 1986- Supt of Docs., U.S. Govt Washington, D.C. 20402 V. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm. $4.25 1985- Shipping list no.: 86-990-P. "Wl •Item 146-F S/N 003-024^218-6 @ GPC World population ISSN 0099-1139 I. Population — Statistics— Periodicals. I. U Bureau of the Census, sn-87042039 OCLC 15207 87-7047 C 3J15/16:982 Current housing reports. Series H-171, Annual hoi supplementary reports. No. 1. Summary of housing tics for selected metropolitan areas. Washington, Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census : For sa Services Division, Customer Services (Publications the Census, Data User Services Division, Custot (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Washington, V. : Ul., maps, form ; 28 cm. Annua] Summer J 988 iassist quarterly - 33 Illustration 11 PAIS Bulletin. 1987. New York: Public AfTairs Information Service. tain prospects for ISDN: a Spanish '.ommunicatioas Policy 10:313-24 D CCS digital network. Senegal needs informatics skills, table :a and Communicatioas Kept 9:13-14 computers, telecommunications, and ;. Advanced information and echnologies: challenges and ^reconomics 22:79-84 Mr/Ap '87 society, the economy, and ions. e. Com. on Public Works and :asibility of allowing fiber optic cable ;e system: joint hearing, April 15, lubcommittcc on Economic the Subcomraittce on Surface 7 iv+227p il ublc diags chans maps ess.) ([Pubn. no.] 99-63) (SD cat. no. 3) pa — Supt Docs e. Com. on the Judiciary. Subcom. on rtics, and the Admin, of Justice, anications Privacy Act; hearings, 55-March 5, 1986, on H.R. 3378. '86 99th Cong., 2d scss.) (Serial no. 50) lematioiial aspects last data transfer the German TmnsnadonaJ Data and iept 9:11-14 Ag '86 K conceptual framework for the insborder dau flows, IiU'o Society ;e flow of information, national lependent development. ide in data services: the international rts Telccommiuxicatioas Policy fmdings in his forthcoming book, sactions in services: the politics of lows.' li Republic of Germany, table CTC mal Coqxs) Reporter p 14-15+ Regulation Mcllors, Colin and David Poiliti. Policing the communications revolution: a case-study of data protection legislation. West Eur Politics 9:195-211 O •86 Role of the OECD and the Council of Europe; national legislation. Social aspects Case, Donald and Everett Rogers. The adoption and social impacts of information technology in U.S. agriculture, bibl Info Society 5:57-66 ao 2 '87 Case study of an experiment in which 200 Kentucky farmers were given 'green thumb boxes,' videotex devices providing market, weather, and technological information through their television sets, 1980-81; conference paper. DAY CARE CENTERS Child care services in Singapore, 1981-1986. table charts Singapore Stads News 9:1-4 no 1 '86 Prepared by the Child Care Branch, Ministry of Community Development, t Kahn, Alfred J. and Sheila B. Kamcrman. Child care: facing the hard choices. "87 xi-h273p tables index (LC 86-28710) (ISBN 0-86569-164-9) $2&—Auburn House Major demographic and social developments; the Reagan administration's emphasis on privatization; pros and cons of local and state initiatives; policy options. Landers, Roben K. New deal for the family, bibl il chan Editonal Research Repts p 551-68 Jl 25 '86 Contents; Juggling motherhood and jobs; Feminists reconsider aims; Pro-family politics. Issue of maternity leave; day care policies; U.S. Schwenk, Frankig N.-Child-caxc arrangements and cxpcnditurc^ibl tables ch^ns Family Ecoa R p 1-7 ao 4 '86 ' .— ^ United Sutes. DEAD BODIES (LAW) Andrews, Lori B. My body, my propcny. Hastings Center Rept 16:28-38 O '86 Whether patients (or their heirs) should be allowed to share in the profits derived from research conducted on the body pans and producu of the patient; the issue of informed consent. DEALER RELATIONS Summer 1988