Conseguences of soil crude oil pollution on some wood properties of olive trees Physics | 46 2016( عاو 3)انعذد 22انًجهذ يجهت إبٍ انهيثى نهعهىو انصشفت و انخطبيقيت Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol.29 (3) 2016 Studying the Effect of Zirconia on Some Physical Properties of Porcelain Abbas Karim Saadon Dept. of Physics/ College of Education for Pure Science ( Ibn-AL-Haitham) University of Baghdad Received in :14/June/2016,Accepted in :16/October/2016 Abstract In this study porcelain was prepared by using composition consisting of raw materials with in following fractions , 50% kaolin , 25% feldspar, and 25% silica( SiO2) tested by X- Ray diffraction (XRD) method .Study the effect additives at different concentration from zirconia (ZrO2) (2,5,10,15,20) Wt% on some physical properties of porcelain, the sample is prepared by the conventional manufacturing method , It is found that some physical properties of porcelain changes considerably with the substituent sample, It was found that the increase of zrconia (ZrO2) additive of all our sample produce. Increasing in dielectric constant and bulk density and decreasing with open porosity and dielectric loss tangent. Key words: Porcelain, Feldspar, ZrO2 , dielectric constant , loss tangent. Physics | 47 2016( عاو 3)انعذد 22انًجهذ يجهت إبٍ انهيثى نهعهىو انصشفت و انخطبيقيت Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol.29 (3) 2016 Introduction Porcelain is the one of the important kinds of the traditional material ceramic purest that occupied much more area in different fields. It was made of mixture of the various burin white of clays fluxes of nature and in such properties, as would produce a dens body, It has been a good resistant to anenviran metal conditions [1], porcelain had been classified into two kinds, hard and true porcelain, it has higher thermal resistance shocking, it is makes a suitable electric industries as insurable. The two types are called soft porcelain, that consist of a complex compound of glass and little of clay [2, and 3] The zirconium (Zr) material never occurs at pure states in nature, but can be found in many conjunctions with silicate oxide and has a compound zircon ( ZrO2 X SiO2) and as freely oxide (ZrO2) in the mineral name B[4] . The mineral (ZrO2) can't be used as primary material in density as a results of impurities for the different metals elements , it is defected that the color and radionudide nature like uremia that make the radioactive [ 5 ] , Fadhil A. et.al study the effect of magnesia addition and sintering of temperature and properties of synthesized electrical of porcelain [6] , it was shown that when the additive of MgO and sintering temperature increase in the bulk lead to increase of density, microhardned and the constant of dielectric constant. Zahade et al have studied the alkaline oxide effective on the composition of porcelain, porosity, firing shrinking, strength and density, on the other hands [7]. Al- Bermanyet et al studied the influence of ZrO2 , TiO2 and ZnO on the mechanical properties for the porcelain , they showed that addition of ZnO , ZrO2 and TiO2 materials made composite .give a good medium for transiting ultrasound waving , so as they could be used as a coated material for the enhancement the coefficient absorption of porcelain [8]. Goztip campus studied the effect of nature of Zealot addition on the electrical properties of porcelain [9]. It is showed that resistant of sample increases at 5 degree temperature when adding the Zealot which is added at higher temperature. However the resistivity depended on the sintering temperature at the same time of addition. Experimental The porcelain was prepared by using ceramic technique involving solid state reaction using the composition consisting of raw materials within following fraction 50% kaolin, 25% feldspar, 25% silica in the form of grinding powders. The X-Ray diffractometre is an instrument for studding sample , for phase identification and study of preferred orientation a full scan of from (5–80 degrees) which were analyzed to calculate (d) ( interatomic spacing ) at to index (hkl),the relative intensities were taken from (XRD) pattern using highest peak as reference . The sample of the formula porcelain and additives at different concentrations from ZrO2 ( 2, 5 , 10, 15,20 wt % ) were prepared by the ceramic method. The samples of composites( porcelain and ZrO2 additives) were mixed for ( 6 hr) , after that the mixture was pressed to pellets with diameter 1.5 cm and thickness 0.7 cm , these pellets were sintered at (1300 in air for ( 3 hr) , the sample was then slowly cooled at rate of ( 2 per min ) , the bulk density and open porosity were measured by using Archimedes with water as the immersion medium , the dielectric constant was measured by using precision LCR meter model HP 4284 with the scale 50Hz to 1 MHz . The surface of discs is polished air- dried silver epoxy electrical contact was deposited. Results and Discussion X-Ray diffraction analysis the porcelain pattern that is produced by solid state reactor method and sintered at (1300 ) is shown in figures (1,2,3,4). Data of X-Ray diffraction for Physics | 48 2016( عاو 3)انعذد 22انًجهذ يجهت إبٍ انهيثى نهعهىو انصشفت و انخطبيقيت Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol.29 (3) 2016 porcelain summarized in table (1),the lattice parameters were evaluated by using the values of d- spacing which are evaluated by using Brag law [10] and compared to the value of reported in joint committee on powder diffraction standard cards JCBPS [11]. Bulk density The data in figure (5) refer that the bulk density was measured on the pellets sintered at (1300 ) in air form three hours , it can be shown that figure (5), the bulk density increase with the increase of content and that may be due to the replacement of , particles in the main composition of porcelain. Next it is clear that the increase of the density of the composite is due to the sintering temperature having the highest value at ( 1300 ) Porosity The open porosity can be calculated from P = ( M – D )/ ( M – S )*100 , when (D) is the Dray weight in ( gm), (S) is the weight of sample after immersing in distilled water , M is the weight in the air of sample saturated with water (gm) and suspended in air through a balance (gm). Figure (6) shows that, the effect of content on the porosity of porcelain , the porosity decreases sharply due to the increase of . Additive may be the filling of most of the open pores with particles and making good dense body as seen with the results of density. Dielectric properties The variation of dielectric constant as a function of additives (Wt %) for porcelain, is shown in figure (7), It can be shown the values of dielectric constant increases with the increase of additive (Wt%) , it may be due to the presence of some micro crakes in the ceramic insulators the cracks can be observed mainly near the quartz particles and those regions as shown where the crystalline place and multi-phase were absent [ 12 ]. The variation of the dielectric loss tangent as a function of as shown in figure (8), that additive (Wt%) for porcelain , it was found that the dielectric loss tangent decreases due to increase in content as in figure (4)content. Conclusion In summary of the attempt for elaboration of porcelain samples with simple techniques it can be found the experimental results show that local raw materials are very quiet suitable for porcelain could be produce the results obtained by using the locally available raw materials porcelain with good dielectric and physical properties. Reference 1 – Ismail, E. and shehat Baspinar, M, (2005), Building and Environment , 40,1533 – 1537. 2 – William, R, and Radford, C.,(1987), white ware production, testing and quality control, Including materials, body formulations and manufacturing processes. Chemical physics, 33, 2. 3 – William, R,(2013) (Chemical experts at the royal Prussian porcelain manufactory, Ambix, 60, 2,99-l 2 l. 4– Piconi, C.,(1999), zirconia as a ceramic ,Biomaterial, 20,1-25. 5-Pores, J., Reine, K. A., and Willer, H.,(1996), Radiation risk estimation based on activity measurement of zirconium oxide implants, J. Biomed mater res , 32 , 663 – 667. Physics | 49 2016( عاو 3)انعذد 22انًجهذ يجهت إبٍ انهيثى نهعهىو انصشفت و انخطبيقيت Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol.29 (3) 2016 6 – Fadhil, A.ch.; Fadhaa.Q.S.; Innam ,W. and Zahraa ,F., (2015), the influence of magnesia addition and sintering temperature on the properties of synthesized electrical porcelain , Eng of tech. Journal, 33, part A,2. 7 – Qzturk ,Z.B, and Ay,N.,(2012), An investigation of the effect of alkaline oxide on porcelain using factorial jessing , J. of ceramic process in research, 13 ,2 ,635 – 640 8 -Al – Bermany,A,J., Hashim, and Al.Bermany,(2012),Enhancement the mechanical properties of produced porcelain by a ceramic additives using altrasonic technique , Chemistry and materials research , 2 ,6. 9 – Goztepe, C.,(2010),Electrical resistivity of porcelain bodies with natural Zeolite addition, Physical Sci and energy .material science ceramic international , 36,3,917-921 10 – Culti , B . D, (1978) , " Element of X- Ray diffraition" Addison Wesley publishing company , USA, 11 – Bayles , P; Erd, D.C.; More,M. E., and Smith,D.K.,(1986), Powder diffraction File , Jcpds , USA 12 – Verma, A.; Thakur ,O, and Mendirate, R.,(2005), materials science and engineering, B,11, 1, 1-6. Table (1): X-ray diffraction data of porcelain d ( hkl 21.15 4.19 100 26.58 3.34 101 26.96 3.3 006 33.45 2.6 116 35.39 2.52 300 39.71 2.26 161 40.57 2.22 111 41.07 2.19 200 42.70 2.11 223 50.36 1.81 003 55.12 1.60 103 60.14 1.53 211 60.85 113 113 Physics | 50 2016( عاو 3)انعذد 22انًجهذ يجهت إبٍ انهيثى نهعهىو انصشفت و انخطبيقيت Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol.29 (3) 2016 Figuer(1): X-ray diffraction of Feldspar Figuer(2): X-ray diffraction of silica Figeru(3): X-ray diffraction of kaolin 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 In te n si ty ( co u n ts .) 2θ(Degrees) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 In te n si ty ( co u n ts .) 2θ(Degrees) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 In te n si ty ( co u n ts .) 2θ(Degrees) Physics | 51 2016( عاو 3)انعذد 22انًجهذ يجهت إبٍ انهيثى نهعهىو انصشفت و انخطبيقيت Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol.29 (3) 2016 Figuer(4): X-ray diffraction of composition (kaolin , feldspar, silica) Figuer(5):Density of porcelain with additives Figuer(6):porosity of porcelain with additives 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 In te n si ty ( a .u .) 2θ(Degree) 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.4 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.5 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 B u lk d e n si ty g /c m 3 ZrO2 additive% 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 o p e n p o ro si ty % ZrO2 additive% Physics | 52 2016( عاو 3)انعذد 22انًجهذ يجهت إبٍ انهيثى نهعهىو انصشفت و انخطبيقيت Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol.29 (3) 2016 Figuer(7):Dielectric constant of porcelain with additives at (1MHz) and (100KHz) Figuer(8):Dielectric loss tanget of porcelain with additives at (1MHz) and (100KHz) -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 d ie le ct ri c lo o s ta n g e n t ZrO2 additive% 100kH 1MH 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 d ie le ct ri c co n st a tn t ZrO2 additive% 100kH 1MH Physics | 53 2016( عاو 3)انعذد 22انًجهذ يجهت إبٍ انهيثى نهعهىو انصشفت و انخطبيقيت Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol.29 (3) 2016 انخصائص انفيزيائية نهبورسهيه في بعضدراسة تاثير انزركوويا عباس كريم سعذون قسى انفيضياء / كهيت انخشبيت نهعهىو انصشفت ) ابٍ انهيثى (/جايعت بغذاد 6142/تشريه االول/ 42,قبم في :6142/حزيران/41استهم في : انخالصة % فهسباس , 20نيٍ , ؤ% كاو00يبت انًكىَت يٍ يىاد اونيت ) كانخش خعًالانبىسسهيٍ بأسفي هزِ انذساست ححضيش حى % سهيكا(.20 انخصائص انفيضيائيت بعض في (200100100002) انضسكىَيا َسب يخخهفت يٍ اضافاثوبعذ رنك حى دساست حأثيش حغيش ثابج انعضل وانكثافت يع حشاكيض خالل و نىحع يٍ نهبىسسهيٍ انًحضش وانًُارج حضشث بطشيقت انخصُيع انخقهيذيت يع صيادة حشاكيض انضسكىَيا. انضسكىَيا انًضافت بأَها حضداد وجذ بأَها حخُاقص يع صيادة حشاكيض انضسكىَيا انًضافت . فقذوانًساييت اٌايا ظم صاويت انفقذ : بىسسهيٍ , فهذسباس, اوكسيذ انضسكىَيىو, ثابج انعضل ,ظم صاويت انفقذاٌانكهمات انمفتاحية