IBN AL- HAITHAM J. FO R PURE & APPL. SC I VO L.22 (3 ) 2009 Effects of Rustamiyah treatment plant effluent on concentration of some heavy metals in water and sediment of Diyala river S.A.Musa Departme nt of Biology, Collge of Education , Ibn AL-Haitham , Unive rsty of Baghdad Abstract Concentrations of four heavy metals, Z inc , Cop p er , Lead and Cadimium were determed in water and sediment samples collected bi-weekly from six sampling sites on the lower p art of River Diy ala during low flow p eriod (August to October) and high flow p eriod (Ap ril to June). A reference p oint site (1) was situated up st ream the effects of the effluent. Present work describes the effect of Rust amiya wast e water treatment p lant on heavy metals in water and sediment of River Diy ala. The results indicated that heavy metals level were higher in low flow p eriod of water comp ared with high flow p eriod.Pb concentration was high in treatment effluent site comp ared with mixing zone and reference p oint. Cd level in low flow p eriod in water was high and affected by the effluent disp osal from the treatment p lant. Concentration of heavy metals in sediment showed simple difference between both p eriods in refrence p oint and mixing zone. Average Cu concentration in the sediment for two p eriods was high in mixing zone compared with other metals. Introduction During the p ast 50 y ears, environmental levels of heavy metals have increased in the aquatic environmental (1). Impact of heavy metals wast es disp osed into river may be assessed through increased levels in water, sediment or bioa, in some cases concentration of heavy metals reach harmful level to the ecosy st ems (1). In surface water the concentration of various elements may be increased beyond their natural levels due to release of industrial, agricultural, domest ic and other wast es, thought, some elements are mainly available in dissolved forms, the major p art and esp ecially the heavy metals may be bound to small silt and clay p articles also organics higher EC. Sevral authors have st udied the heavy metals content of various marine and river sediment in relation to water pollution (2-10). In Iraq several works have considered the acute p ollution p roblems in lower reaches of Dy ala river (11-14). The aim of this st udy was to assess the effect of the Rust amiyah wast ewater treatment p lant on the concentration of heavy metals in Diy ala river. The p resent work is a part of a IBN AL- HAITHAM J. FO R PURE & APPL. SC I VO L.22 (3 ) 2009 comp rehensive p rogram to evaluate a large number of different organic, inorganic,salts and heavy p ollutans in area of a sewage treatment p lant discharging into the Diy ala river. Material and methods The study Area Rust amiyah treatment p lant is located on the right bank River Diy ala 15km p rior to reaching River Tigris sout h of Baghdad Figure(1), Diy ala river is one of the imp ortant rivers in Iraq, the flow rate ranges between 5m/sec and 150m/sec(14) the discharging p oint of the treatment p lant is 4km below the new Diy ala bridge, 7 km above the old Diy ala bridge. S ampling and analysis Water samp les were collected during two p eriods low and high flow p eriods of the y ear, the high flow p eriod (HEP) covers Ap ril ,M ay and June, while the low flow p eriod (LFP) covers August , September, October and November. One sample p er st ation p er month was collected from 6 st ations and analysed for Cd,Cu,Zn and Pb concentration in the river water and sediment of the river bed. A boat was used in the collection of the samp les 30 cm below t he water surface for the river water and from the river bed for the sediment samples. Sediment samples at reference p oint were not included because of the shallow water depth and high flow rate so t he concentrations will be normal or lower than the others st ation. The first sampling st ation site D1 was 0.5 km up st ream the treatment p lant discharging p oint and was considered as a reference p oint. Site D2 was in the River Diy ala just below the discharging p oint. Site D3 and D4 were 1 km 2 km dawnst rem treatment p lant. Site D5 and D6 were 2 km and 3 km below the treatment p lant . According to p rocedures mentioned in st andard method for examination of water and wast ewater(15) A Py e Unicam Sp 9 flame atomic absorp tion sp ectrometer was used to determined the concentration of heavy metals. Water samples were p repared according to nitric-perchloric acids digestion method(15) while sediment samples were p repared by nitric-perchlorc-hy drochlorc acids digestion method(16). Re sult and Discussion Heavy concentrations (p p m) in the reference point , mixing zone, and the treatment p lant at t he two p eriods, were p resented in table(1). Results showed no significant defferences in concentrations among st ations within each p eriod, Hence, a comp arision was made between the concentrations of heavy metals in the reference point, the treatment p lant effluent and the mixing zone st ations 2,3,4,5 and 6.A reference point, the treatment p lant effluent and the mixing zone at the two p eriods are shown in table1. The p ercentage of increases or decreases in IBN AL- HAITHAM J. FO R PURE & APPL. SC I VO L.22 (3 ) 2009 heavy metals concentrations at reference p oint , mixing zone and treatment p lant effluent is summarized in table(2). Heavy metals increase in the water was 63,2% - 261% from reference p oint to mixing zone during LFP as comp ared to a range of 138% - 670% increase during HFP t able(2) . On the other hand these p arameters showed a decrease of 29.2% - 144% at the mixing zone as comp ared to the treatment p lant effluent during HFP. Cu concentration was increased by 262% during LFP from the treatment p lant to the mixing zone which was due to Cu low concentration in the treatment p lant effluent at this p eriod table(1). Adecrease of 12.7 38.7 was observed in Zn and Pb concentration seemed to be initially high in River Diy ala p rior reaching the mixing zone and a reduction of 49% and 92% was observed during LEP and HFP in its concentration at a mixing zone as comp ared to reference p oint.Cadimium concentration in mixing zone as comp ared to treatment p lant effluent was also reduced by 84.1% and 89.3% during LEP and HFP resp ectively. Table(3) shows heavy metals concentrations in River Diy ala were within the p ermissible level of raw surface water (18).Excep t Pb and Cd which exceed the p ermissible limits of 0.05p p m and 0.005p p m resp ectively. Figure(2) shows the variation of heavy metals in sediment for the two p eriods.T he Cu concentration in the sediment of the river bed at the mixing zone was the highest and decreased for the Zn,Pb and Cd resp ectively.Average Cu concentration in the sediment for the two p eriods varied between 100 and 10pp m for all st ations at the mixing zone.On the other hand,Cd average concentration varied between 0.02 and 0.2pp m. Heavy metals cconcentrations in the sediment were high in the mixing zone bed esp ecially during LEP. Several authers were observed that p hosp hate and Iron hy droxides p lay ed a key role in the trapp ing of heavy metals such as Pb,Cd and Zn (17). This p henomenon, in addition to the fact that high flow in the river ,was either diluting the sediment material by adding more sediment ,or washing out the bed material. However,the dy namics of sedimentation should be invest igated more in a comp rehensive research p rogramme. Re ferences 1- M oore,J.W. and Ramamoorthy ,S.(1984).Heavy metals in natural waters sp ringervelarge,New York Inc.,268. 2- Brooks,R.R.;Presley,B.J. and Kap lan,I.R. .(2001).Trce elements in interst itial waters of M arine Sediments.Geochim.Cosmochim.,Acta.,32,399 3-M axfield,D.;Rodriguz,J.M .;Btt nerM .;Dies,J.;Forbes,L;Kovacs,R.;Russe,W.;Schultz, L.;Smith,R.;Stanton,J. ad Wai,C.M , (1994). Heavy metals p ollution in the sediments of the Coeurd, Alene River Delta. Environ.,Pollut.,7, 1-6 4-Haknson,L. and Ahl,T. (1999). T he dist ribution of heavy metals in the sup erficial sediments of the Lake Valtern,Sweden,In p roc.Int.Hutchinson,T oronto,Canada,765, IBN AL- HAITHAM J. FO R PURE & APPL. SC I VO L.22 (3 ) 2009 5-Forstner,U. (1993). M etals concentrations in fresh water sediment-Natural Background and Cultural effects in the Interactions between sediments and water fresh, ed.by H.L.Colterman,the Hague, Junk. ,94-103, 6- Lu, J. S. C. and Chen,K. Y. (1998). M igration of trace metals in Interfaces of Sea Water and Polluted Sup erficial Sediments .Environ. Sci. Technol. ,11, 174. 7. Vernet, J.P. ; Rapin, F. and Scolari, G,Switz erland, (1993). In interaction between sediment and fresh water , ed by H.L. Golterman, the Hsague, Junk. 8. Vivan, C.M .G. and M assie, K. S. (1995). Trace M etals in Water and sediments of River Tawe, South Wales, in relation to local Sources, Environ, Pollut. , 14-47, 9. Bower, P. M . ; Simp son, H. J. ; Williams, S. C. and Li,Y.J. (1998), Comparative effects of sediment and water concentration in two lakes, York, Environ. Sci, Techol., 12, 283. 10. Warren, L. J. (1995).Concentration of Sediments by Lead, Zinc and Cadmium, A review. Environ . Pollut. Ser. , Z, 401. 11. Almukhtar, E. A. (1993).Heavy metals in water and Benthos of the pollution lower p art of River Diy ala center Iraq . J. , IBN AL-Haitham p ure and APP . Sci, 4 (2); 12- 21. 12. Almukthar, E. A. , S. A. and Ali N.M . (1987), p hy sical and chemical characterist ics of the lower reaches of river Diy ala, center Iraq. J; Environ Sci, Health, A21 (6) :537-5 Jo. 13. M ussa, S. A. ; Al-M asri, N. A. and Nadia, M .A.(1987). Efficiency Evaluation of Rust amiya treatment p lant at Baghdad. J. Biolog. Sci Res. 17: 181-197 14-Al-M asri ,N. A. (1989).River Diy ala quality as affected by effluent discharge p aper p resented to Iraq conference on engineering CICE 85,Baghdad ,Iraq, 15-APHA, (2000). Standared methods for the examination of water and wast ewater, American p ublic Health association ,15 th Edition, Washington, D. C .1134, 16-Agemia, H. and Ghau, A. S. Y . .(1999),Evaluation of extraction techniques for the Determination of metals aquatic sediments .Analyst . London ,101 -761 17- M eduffie, B. ;El-barbary, I. and Hollod, G. J. (1998)., Trace elements in rivers sp eciation, transp ort and role of sediments .Race subst ances in environmental health p roceeding ,Columbia, 85 -95 18 –M inist ry of Environment ,Directorate -General of p lanning, (2005).The new limits for p rotection of Rivers and Public waters from p ollution. Bulletin technical report . 25 ,68 -70 IBN AL- HAITHAM J. FO R PURE & APPL. SC I VO L.22 (3 ) 2009 IBN AL- HAITHAM J. FO R PURE & APPL. SC I VO L.22 (3 ) 2009 IBN AL- HAITHAM J. FO R PURE & APPL. SC I VO L.22 (3 ) 2009 2009) 3( 22المجلد مجلة ابن الھیثم للعلوم الصرفة والتطبیقیة تاثیر المیاه المصرفھ من مشروع المعالجھ في الرستمیھ على تراكیز بعض دیالىالعناصر الثقیلھ في میاه و رسوبیات نھر سهیر ازهر موسى ابن الهیثم ، جامعه بغداد – ةقسم علوم الحیاة ، كلیه التربی الخالصھ النحـــاس و الرصـــاص فـــي میــــاه و ،الخارصـــین ،تمـــت دراســـه تراكیـــز العناصـــر الثقیلـــه وهــــي الكـــادمیوم ـــــه ـــــاه الثقیلـــ ــــه المیــ ـــــتمیه لمعالجـــ ـــروع الرســـ ــــن مشــــ ــــــالقرب مـــ ـــــالى بــ ــــــر دیــ ـــى نهـ ــــ ــــع علـ ـــــده مواقـــ ـــــوبیات عــ . رســ و موسم ارتفاع مناسیب ) شهر اب لغایه شهر تشرین الثاني(یاه تم جمع النماذج لموسم انخفاض مناسیب الم ـــــاه ـــــوز(المیــــ ــــ ــــهر تمـ ــــ ــــه شــ ــــ ـــان لغایــ ــــ ـــــهر نیســـ ــــ ـــــنتین) شـ ــــ ــــــده سـ ـــــبوع و لمــــ ــــ ـــــي االسـ ــــ ـــرتین فـ ــــ ــــــدل مـــ . و بمعــــ ـــم ــــ ـــــــع رقــ ـــروع ) 1(موقــ ــــ ـــریف المشـــ ــــ ـــــه تصــ ــــن نقطــــ ــــ ـــى مـ ــــ ـــــــع اعلــ ــــــذي یقــ ــــه والـــ ــــ ــــدر للمقارنـ ــــ ـــد كمصـ ــــ .اعتمــ تهدف هذا الدراسه لمعرفه تاثیر تراكیز هذه العناصر المصرفه مـن مشـروع الرسـتمیه علـى تراكیزهـا فـي میـاه . و رســــوبیات النهــــر اظهرت النتائج ان مستویات العناصر الثقیله في الماء كانـت فـي فتـره انخفـاض مناسـیب المیـاه عالیـه مقارنـه ه بمنطقـه المـزج و المصـدر فقد كان تركیز الرصاص عالیا في منطقه التصریف مقارن. بفتره ارتفاع المناسیب اما مستوى الكادیوم في الماء و خالل فتره انخفاض المناسیب كـان مرتفعـا و . في فتره انخفاض المناسیب . لم یتاثر بتصریف میاه المشروع فاوضـحت النتـائج ان هنالـك فروقـا بسـیطه بـین موسـمین وبـین نقطـه التصـریف اما بالنسبه للرسـوبیات .و منطقه المزج حیث كان معدل تراكیز النحاس وللفترتین عالیا في منطقه المزج مقارنه ببقیه العناصر