Microsoft Word - 167-178 IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|167   Fabrication and study the effect of the laser on the properties of the compound Tl2-xHgxBa2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ superconductor A. Kareem Dahash Ali nihadshafeek@yahoo.com University of Tikrit/College of education for pure science Nihad Ali Shafeek nihadshafeek1963@gmail.com University of Tikrit/College of education/Tuzkurmatu Abstract This study included the fabrication of compound (Tl2-xHgxBa2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ) in a manner solid state and under hydrostatic pressure (8 ton/cm2) and temperature annealing(850°C), and determine the effect of the laser on the structural and electrical properties elements in the compound, and various concentrations of x where (x= 0.1,0.2,0.3). Observed by testing the XRD The best ratio of compensation for x is 0.2 as the value of a = b = 5.3899 (A °), c = 36.21 (A °) show that the installation of four-wheel-based type and that the best temperature shift is TC= 142 K .When you shine a CO2 laser on the models in order to recognize the effect of the laser on these models showed the study of X- ray diffraction of these samples when preparing models with different concentrations of the values of x, the best ratio of compensation is 0.2 which showed an increase in the values of the dimensions of the unit cell a=b = 5.3929 (A °), c = 36.238 (A°). And the best transition temperature after shedding laser is TC=144 K. Keywords: Superconductor,Critical temperature,Laser,Tetragonal IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|168   1. Introduction The superconducting material is a material that allows electrical current entry into force without resistance, as well as characterized by the complete absence of magnetic flux, when it is cool these materials to a certain temperature called the thermal-class critical (Tc), this feature is important in many applications in the science of electronics and connectivity , and medical equipment. [1] [2]. The superconducting materials can be divided into several sections according to (Tc) own, its structure, and the nature of the superconducting characteristics: conventional superconducting materials such as (Hg), and materials superconducting organic (K₃CO₆), heavy Elvirmionat (CeCu₂ Si₂) superior material delivery is based on copper O₃ Ba Pb₁₋XBiX, superior materials based on copper with a high temperature oxide delivery YBCO)) compounds carbide quadrilateral superconducting (Ln Nl₂ B₂ C) and in recent years has been the discovery of a number of superior materials and new plug-and perhaps the most recent is the discovery based on the presence of iron arsenide materials [3]. 2. Superconductivity applications Superconnectors are many benefits and applications in our daily lives, including 1. used in wires of power transmission over long distances and without loss, and about 9% of the generated electric power generating stations dissipated as heat in the regular wires carried by stations to the consumer, as well as use the connecting wires high in the same energy generators to provide the largest portion energy [4]. 2.The use of superconductors in electronic computers makes it smaller and more speed as it can slide closer to each other due to generate heat. 3. Use in the medical field in the imaging magnetic resonance imaging machines (MRI), which uses magnetic energy to generate the necessary fields that help doctors to see objects without surgical interference, though the use of superconductors cradles to build a very strong Mganat can supply us with pictures and clear the various changes that occur in cells the body or tissues [5]. 4. Use in the manufacture of a link called link Josvensen Josephnson (consisting of two connections of superconducting materials separated by a link buffer is too thin) and use this link in: a- Detect magnetism generated by the movement of blood in the brain and heart, without exposure to harmful rays. This enables physicians to accurate knowledge of pathological cases. b- Anomalies in the earth's magnetic survey, which facilitates the discovery of the Mavi ground of ores and oil and water. c- Electromagnetic radiation frequencies detected in the infrared spectrum (Hz-1013 Hz1011) can be used in High-Discrimination radar and satellite communications industry and the discovery of what is going into outer space [6]. Hovercraft trains that run above the ground as if they were flying, being this train very quickly using magnetic repulsion force over by prompt, as the train containing superconducting materials, while large magnets are available on the road and inside the train cooling device is available and that all necessary terms utilized the power of repulsion with magnets themselves to push the train and run it speeds exceeding 550 km per hour As shown in Figure (1) [7]. IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|169   3. Literature survey He studied researcher R. Awad in 2001 [8] Add silver component of the compound superconducting Agx (Tl₀.₈ Pb₀.₁ Bi₀.₇) Ba₂ Cu₃ O δ where X (0≤ X≤0.4). And attended a composite manner solid state reaction and found that the addition of the silver component of the compound Tl- 1223 to Aigr quadruple installation because the silver component excludes the installation of the lattice, while the lattice parameters (a, b) less, though adding silver element works to improve the granular size and interdependence between them when X = 0.2 the temperature has improved from 111.5K to 114K and observed that the annealing oxygen serves to reduce the critical temperature of 119K to 111K when X = 0, while annealing oxygen to improve the critical temperature of 114K to 117K works when X = 0.2 because the element silver works to absorb oxygen from Khaznat shipment layer (Tl, Bi, Pb, O) the emergence of any voids (oxygen) and transmits the samples from the case of overkill vaccination to the ideal vaccination. And researcher Kayed TS and his group in 2003 [9] studied the effect of adding Li by adding different amounts of Li₂ Co₃ to compound Tl1-xBa₂ Ca₂Cu₃ O₁₀₊ δ and Ahoudoa highest temperature when you add 1% of the atomic weight of lithium Li₂ Co₃ of carbonate, and the data X- ray showed that the sample has a complex four-way place and a high proportion of (Tl - 2223), while the critical temperature equal to (Tc = 125k) as well as the resistance is zero when (Tc = 117K). The researcher and his group F.Ahmed year [10] 2005 preparing samples of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu- O system, which has the structural formula (n = 1,2) Tl₂Ba₂ Ca₂nCu₃ + nO δ and then Tldenha under different conditions to study the impact on the formation of phases of superconductors, in this study it was found that all of the samples have been prepared largely 8500C temperature showed dominance phases not excessive conductivity while a sample that was prepared degree 6000C temperature showed formation phase with Tc low system TBCCO (Tc = 80K) and also was determined values for a, b = 3.84A0, 5.450A0 . Attended researcher Abed [11] in 2011 Composite Tl2-xAgxBa2Ca2Cu3O10 + δ superior electrical conductivity for different values ˩x as 0≤x≤0.5 found that Tc = 134K, 139K, 146K when x = 0.1,0.2,0.3 respectively under conditions ideal (annealing temperature of 1123K and hydrostatic pressure 8 ton/cm2) goes down to Tc (122K, 105K) for the values of x (0.4 and 0.5), respectively, under the same circumstances. The study Suzan and his group (2012) [12] has included the effect of annealing of thin films of a compound Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu2.2Zn0.8O10 record laser pulses in a manner under different temperatures Cº (820, 840,860,880) the availability of oxygen at a rate of 2liter / min and a rate of temperature C / min º 15, were examined by thin-film (X-Ray defraction) XRD as well as measurements of the electrical resistance and measured manner Four - Probe Technique. IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|170   4. Materials Techniques and Procedures The following materials were used in the preparation of the samples: 1. High purity chemicals up to 99.999%, which Tl2O3 thallium oxide and copper oxide, CuO and barium carbonate Ba CO3 and calcium carbonate Ca CO3 nitrate Alsnetzoinom (Sr (NO3)) 2 and mercury oxide HgO (German origin). 2. Alcohol isopropanol Isopropanol (C3H3O) for the purpose of keeping materials of precipitation is crushed when conducting solid-state reaction.   3. 2. (O2) oxygen gas has been used to provide air saturated with this gas during the sintering process (Sintring) and the process of annealing (Annealing)   5. Devices used in the preparation of samples The devices during sample preparation process use of the following   1. Balance sensitive type (G.M.B.A) with a precise amount (0.0001 gm), German origin. 2. Ceramic Boat.  3. Gate mortar.  4. Heat oven with a degree of thermal limits (1423 K).  5. Regulator to high temperatures (Furnace Controlling) oven type lined with clay and pottery.  6. Furnace hydraulic piston Hydraulic  7. Press template for CBS samples.  The weight ratios of the elements of the account The gravimetric ratios of the materials involved in the complex formation Tl2-xHgxBa2-ySryCa2Cu3O10++δ account +δ by taking molecular weights of these materials relative to the weight of each component of the base material and composite (sample) to be prepared. And found the following weights of chemicals used in the preparation of table Different vehicles. Annealing samples After obtaining the samples prepared in tablets from the preceding paragraph. Placed in an electric oven and raise the temperature from room temperature to (600˚C) rate (120˚C / hr) and then the sample is kept at this thermal class for a period of 12 hours and is then lifted from the oven temperature (600˚C ) to ((850˚C rate (120˚C / hr) and remain at this temperature for 24 hours in an atmosphere saturated with oxygen is then reduced degree of temperature model (850˚C) to (600˚C) rate (30˚ C / hr) and remain at these thermal class also for two (12) hours, after which it is lowering the temperature of the (600˚C) to room IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|171   temperature at a rate of (30˚C / hr) and shape figure (2 ) shows the annealing of the composite process [13] To make sure that the degree of annealing temperature (850˚C) is the best degree annealing temperatures were prepared several samples (tablets) and varying annealing temperature, different (810˚C, 830˚C, 850˚C, 870˚C, 890˚C. 6. Results & Discussion Study characteristics of the compound Tl2-xHgxBa2-y Sry Ca2 Cu3 O10 + δ superior electrical conductivity.  We have studied the structural characteristics of the compound under the volumetric temperature annealing (8500C). Under pressure (8 ton / cm2) it showed X-ray diffraction study of these samples in the preparation of models in different proportions to the values of X. When compensation was valued at X = 0.1 shows regularly in the crystal structure and the emergence of a clear peaks as shown in Figure (3). Through the use of the law in the diffraction Barak was dhkl values are calculated by dhkl law (2d sinƟ = nλ), the distance between the parallel levels and through reflection angles (2Ɵ) found Miller transactions (hkl) and using the BASIC language program has been found values the dimensions of the unit cell, as in the table (4). a = b= 5.432 (A°) , c = 35.16 (A°) When increasing the proportion of compensation to 0.2 showed an increase in the values and the regularity with an increase in the dimensions of the unit cell a = b = 5.3899 (A °), c = 36.21 (A °), as shown in Figure (4) has noticed regularly in the crystal structure of the compound when increasing the ratio of compensation and took the boat the best role in the crystal structure as in table (4). While showing a decrease in the intensity of the peaks and clearly when you increase the percentage of compensation to 0.3, as shown in Figure (5), which refers to the case of irregularities that occurred due to the increase in the proportion of compensation on the sample was equal to the dimensions of the lattice a = b = 5.532 (A °), c = 35.98 (A °) with a clear decrease in dimension. It is therefore concluded that the best ratio of compensation that should be used is 0.2 .These results are consistent with previous studies and research [14,15]. Has been shed on the co2 laser models in order to recognize the effect of the laser on these models showed X-ray diffraction study of these samples in the preparation of models in different proportions to the values of X. It shows that when increasing the proportion of the value of X to 0.1 notice that the diffraction values and be of rules offer less and be more clear indicating a further improvement of the crystal structure or crystal structure as shown in Figure (6). But it showed an increase in the dimension (c) which indicates an increase in the regularity of the crystal structure and became the values of a = b = 5.411 (A°), c = 36.211 (A°). When increasing the ratio of compensation to 0.2 increase in values and regularity emerged with an increase in the dimensions of the unit cell a = b = 5.3929 (A °), c = 36.238 (A °), as shown in Figure (7) has noticed regularly in the crystal structure of the compound when increasing the ratio of compensation and took the boat the best role in the crystal structure. While showing a decrease in the intensity of the peaks and clearly when you increase the percentage of compensation to 0.3, as shown in Figure (8), which refers to the IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|172   case of irregularities that occurred due to the increase in the proportion of compensation on the sample was equal to the dimensions of the lattice a = b = 5.562 (A °), c = 35.71 (A °) with a clear decrease in dimension c as in table (5). The study of the electrical properties of the compound Tl2-xHgxBa2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ superior electrical conductivity. Has been studied the electrical properties of the compound Tl2-xHgxBa2-ySryCa2Cu3 O10 + δ different rates for (x) as the value of x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, as shown in Figure (9). The study showed the models prepared when the ratio of compensation x = 0.1 the critical temperature (138 K), as well as increased critical temperature of the compound when increasing the ratio of compensation to x = 0.2 became critical temperature equal to (142 K) and that this result can be interpreted that the compound taking the role of the perfect crystal structure and the proportion of the compensation led to increase the critical temperature, as shown in the table (6). While we noticed a decline in the critical temperature when it increased the proportion of compensation by = x = 0.3, it has a critical temperature of the compound decreased to 140 K. The reason for the lower critical temperature is due to the decrease in the length of the axis (c), which in turn leads to a reduction in the value of the critical temperature Tc any increase compensation for (x) the biggest in 0.2 is causing a change in the crystal structure of the compound, if this value is consistent with earlier research [16]. These results are interpreted on the basis of high and good regularity in the crystal structure of the compound. The superior electrical conductivity These results coincide with previous research [17,18]. When you shine a CO2 laser on the prepared forms and at different rates to compensate for the value of X = 0.1 note the increase in critical temperature, where it was found when the ratio of compensation for x = 0 that the critical temperature is equal 140 K pound as well as increased when increasing the ratio of compensation for x = 0.2 became critical temperature equal to (144K) as shown in Figure (10). This result can be explained on the basis that the boat will continue in the case of regularity in the crystal structure and the crystal structure of the growing proportion of oxygen in the compound. But when increasing the ratio of compensation to x = 0.3 lower critical temperature (143K) This is due to the lack of regularity in the crystal structure, which in turn led to a decline in the value axis (c) and that this study coincide with previous studies [19]. composite powders when x = 0.1+ δ 10O3Cu2Ca ySr y-2BaxHgx-2eights TlW: )1(Table Symbols Weight/gm Powder W1 0.433 3O2Tl W20.21162Sr(NO3) W30.20013CaCO W40.2386CuO W50.02165HgO W60.1973Ba CO IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|173   Table (2): Weights Tl2-xHgxBa2-y Sry Ca2Cu3O10 + δ composite powders when x = 0.2 Symbols Weight/gm Powder W1 0.411 3O2Tl W2 0.2116 2Sr(NO3) W3 0.2001 3CaCO W4 0.2386 CuO W5 0.0433 HgO W6 0.197 3Ba CO Table (3): Weights Tl2-xHgxBa2-y Sry Ca2Cu3O10 + δ composite powders when x = 0.3 SymbolsWeight/gmPowder W1 0.388 3O2Tl W20.21162Sr(NO3) W30.20013CaCO W40.2386CuO W50.0649HgO W60.1973Ba CO Table (4): Values axes a,b,c of the samples under temperature annealing 850 ºC for δ10+O3Cu2CaySry-2BaxHgx-2Compound Tl 3)°Volume (A c (A°) b (A°) a (A°) x 1050.800 35.16 5.432 5.432 0.1 1112.402 36.21 5.3899 5.3899 0.2 1011.522 35.98 5.532 5.532 0.3 IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|174   Table (5): Values axes a, b, c of the reticule samples under temperature annealing 2after irradiation lazer co10 + δ O 3Cu 2Ca ySry -2BaxHgx-2C for Compound Tl0)850( 3)°Volume (A c (A°) b (A°) a (A°) x 1057.801 36.211 5.411 5.411 0.1 1121.407 36.238 5.3929 5.3929 0.2 1012.922 35.71 5.562 5.562 0.3 Table (6): the relationship between the ratio of compensation and the critical temperature and the percentage of oxygen  CT X 10.26 138 K 0.1 10.30 142 K 0.2 10.40 140 K 0.3 Table (7): The relationship between the ratio of compensation and the critical temperature and the percentage of oxygen  CT X 10.35 140K 0.1 10.45 144 K 0.2 10.52 143 K 0.3 Figure (1): The installation of a train using superconductivity technology IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|175   Figure (2): Annealing process of the compound in an atmosphere saturated with oxygen The purpose of this exercise is to get as much regularity in the crystal structure of the compound for a quadruple installation based Tetragonal. when X= 0.1 10+δO3Cu2CaySry-2BaxHgx-2on for compound Tlray diffracti-XFigure (3): when X= 0.2 10+δO3Cu2CaySry-2BaxHgx-2ay diffraction for compound Tlr-Figure (4): X 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Intensity  S/C 2Ɵ (degree) (1112) (112) (0018) (1011) (201) (219)(1114)(203) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Intensity  S/C 2Ɵ (degree) ( 1112) (112) (0018) (1011) (201) (219)(1114) (203) IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|176   when X= 0.3 10+δO3Cu2CaySry-2BaxHgx-2ay diffraction for compound Tlr-Figure (5): X Figure (6): X-ray diffraction for compound Tl2-xHgxBa2-y Sry Ca2 Cu3 O10 + δ after CO2 laser irradiation when X = 0.1 after δ + 10O 3Cu 2Ca ySr y-2BaxxHg-2ray diffraction for compound Tl-X :(7) Figure laser irradiation when X = 0.2 2CO 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Intensity  S/C 2Ɵ (degree) (1112) (112) (0018) (1011) (201) (219) (1114) (203) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 (008) (0010) (116) (219) (020) (101) (0020) (203) 2Ɵ (degree) Intensity S/C (222) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 (008) (0010) (116) (219) (020) (101) (0020) (203) 2Ɵ (degree) Intensity S/C (222) IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|177   2after CO 10+δO3Cu2CaySry-2BaxHgx-2ray diffraction for compound Tl-X :Figure (8) laser irradiation when X = 0.3 Figure (9): Relationship between the resistivity and the critical temperature of the when (x) equals x =0.1,0.2, 0.3 10+δO3Cu2CaySry-2BaxHgx-2compound Tl Figure (10): Rrelationship between the resistivity and the critical temperature of the after 3when (x) equals x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.10 + δ O 3Cu 2Ca ySry -2BaxHgx-2compound Tl irradiation lazer co2 0 200 400 600 800 1000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 ((101)(008) (020) (0010) (116) (0020) (219) (222) (203) Intensity   S/C 2Ɵ (degree) 0 0.5 1 1.5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 ρ m Ω .c m T/K  Series1 Series2 Series3 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 ρ /m Ω .c m T/K Series1 Series2 Series3 IHSCICONF 2017 Special Issue Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied science https://doi.org/ 10.30526/2017.IHSCICONF.1789 For more information about the Conference please visit the websites: http://www.ihsciconf.org/conf/  www.ihsciconf.org   Physics|178   7. Conclusions The X-Ray diffraction study of Tl2-xHgxBa2-ySryCa2Cu3 O10 + δ showed that the compound had a tetragonal structure and there was an increase in the C axis with an increase in the value of Tc, but the increase decreased with increased mercury inhibition. The samples were then tested by X-Ray after laser irradiation. We found the dimenations of the lattice where the crystalline structure became more uniform and thus obtained a more complete and coordinated crystalline system. This cryslalline arrangement provides secure pathways for cargo carriers. Cooper pairs in superconducting materials. References [1]. K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. L. Exring and M.B.Mapale, Hand book on The physics and chemistry of . Rare Earths, Elsevier scince B. V , 30,(2000). [2]. Hat Field. and J.H. Miller, , Jr. “High Temperature Super Conductor Materials” Marcel Dekker, Inc., 37, (1988). [3]. 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