Microsoft Word - 1-6 1 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 First Occurrence of Plagioporus skrjabini Kowal, 1951 (Trematoda: Opecoelidae) in Iraq from the Sisorid Catfish Mystus pelusius Kefah N. Abdul-Ameer Yasamin J. Kadhim Ahlam J.Taher Dept. of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Baghdad Received in :10September2015, Accepted in : 21October 2016 Abstract The trematode Plagioporus skrjabini Kowal, 1951 was recorded in this study for the first time in Iraq from intestine of Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) which were collected from different locations along Tigris River near Al-Shawwaka region, Baghdad city. The description and measurements of this parasite as well as its illustration were given. Keywords:Trematoda, Plagioporus skrjabini, Mystus pelusius, Tigris River 2 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29لمجلد ا مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 Introduction Trematoda is one of the three classes of the phylum Platyhelminthes.The other classes are the Cestoda and the Monogenea [1]. Adult trematode (fluke) has a characteristic basic body plan, which comprises a dorso-ventrally-flattened body and suckers used for attachment. Internally the fluke’s body comprises digestive, reproductive, excretory and nervous systems together with an extensive muscle development. These parasites are usually hermaphroditic [2]. Trematodes undergo asexual reproduction in a molluscan host followed by transmission to vertebrate definitive host in which sexual reproduction occurs [3]. The fish can serve both as the definitive host in which the adult fluke occurs, or as the intermediate host, which usually harbors an encysted life stage (metacercaria). Adult trematodes are primarily parasites of the digestive tract. However, some trematode families have become specialized to extra- intestinal habitats [1]. There are 5000 species of trematodes of fishes from 1115 genera. No genus contains more than 120 species and only 10 genera contain more than 50 species each. Adult trematodes of fishes live in the gut where they browse on mucus, epithelial cell and sometime blood, but a few families have adapted quite new forms of nutrition [3]. Plagioporus skrjabini Kowal, 1951 is a species of trematode which belongs to the family Opecoelidae. The life cycle of this worm has been investigated. This trematodes use the mollusk Theodoxus fluviatilis as the first intermediate host, sand hoppers as additional host and bullheads (Neogobius kessleri and N. fluviatilis) as definitive hosts [4]. In Iraq, the first work on fish parasites was done by Herzog, (1969) who studied 16 different species of fishes collected from different locations in Iraq and noticed 16 species of parasites, among them, one species of the trematode Neodiplostomum sp. [5]. After that several studies were carried out, among which some reported new records of trematode species in Iraq (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13). According to Mhaisen [14], a total of 41 trematode species were so far recorded from freshwater fishes of Iraq and 28 trematode species from marine fishes of Iraq. The present investigation deals with the record of the trematode Plagioporus skrjabini Kowal, 1951 which infected Mystus pelusius as no previous record on this parasite in Iraq was documented [14] Materials and Methods A total of 35 specimens of the sisorid catfish M. pelusius (Solander, 1794) were collected from different locations along Tigris River near Al-Shawwaka region in Baghdad city. Sampling was made weekly during the period from December 2014 till June 2015. The fishes were brought alive to the laboratory and freshly examined for parasites. Trematodes were removed from the intestine of the infected fishes under the dissecting microscope. Care was taken to isolate and flatten the parasite specimens which then were pressed between two slides. Worms were fixed in glycerin and stained with aqueous neutral red. Drawing was done by using a camera Lucida. Measurements of the parasites were done by using a micrometer. Parasite identification was performed according to taxonomical accounts Bykhovskaya- Pavlovskaya et al. [15]. The information on the previous account records of parasites was checked by using the index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq [14]. Results and Discussion Out of the 35 fish specimens the M. pelusius one fish was infected with the trematode P. skrjabini. This parasite was found in the intestine of the infected fish. The following is the systematic account of the genus Plagioporus according to WoRMS [16]: Class Trematoda Subclass Digenea Order Plagiorchiida 3 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29لمجلد ا مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 Family Opecoelidae Plagioporus skrjabini Kowal, 1951 The above measurements were based on five specimens of parasites. These measurements were given as a range followed by a mean in parenthesis. The following is a brief description and measurements (in mm) of this parasite as shown in Fig. (1). Size of body 1.25-2.25 (1.75) x 0.39-0.71 (0.55). Oral sucker 0.1-0.19 (0.14) x 0.11-0.19 (0.15), ventral sucker almost twice as large as oral 0.22-0.32 (0.27) x 0.23-0.35 (0.29). Pharynx 0.04-0.06 (0.05) x 0.05-0.07 (0.06). Esophagus short. Testes near posterior end, usually clinging together, anterior testis 0.1-0.22 (0.16) x 0.18-0.32 (0.25). Ovary at right, adjacent to anterior testis, occasionally in front of it. Genital bursa lies obliquely, curving right around sucker, its end reaching center. Egg size 0.06-0.067 (0.063) x 0.04. The descriptions of the present P. skrjabini are in agreement with those reported by Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. [15]. The present report of this trematode represents its first record in Iraq according to the index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq [14]. Acknowledgements Thanks are due to Prof. Dr. Furhan T. Mhaisen for his help in parasite identification, permission to use his index- catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq and his critical reading of the manuscript. Thanks are due to Mrs. Azhar A. Al-Moussawi, Iraq Natural History Center and Museum, University of Baghdad for her permission to use the camera Lucida. References 1. Woo, P.T.K. (2006). Fish Diseases and Disorders, 1: Protozoan and metazoan infections, 2nd ed. CAB Int., Wallingford: 383. 2. Hoole, D.; Bucke, D; Burgess, P. and Wellby, I. (2001). Diseases of carp and other cyprinid fishes. MPG Books, Bodmin, Cornwall: 263. 3. Cribb, T.H.; Chisholm, L.A. and Bray, R.A. (2002). Diversity in the Monogenea and Digenea: Does lifestyle matter? Int. J. Parasitol., 32: 321-328. 4. Zhokhov, A.E.; Molodozhnikova, N.M. and Pugacheva, M.N. (2006). Dispersal of invading trematodes Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928) and Plagioporus skrjabini Kowal, 1951 (Ttematoda: Opecoelidae) in the Volga. Russ. J. Ecol., 37(5): 383-364. doi: 10.1134/S1067413606050110. 5. Herzog, P.H. (1969). Untersuchungen über die parasiten der süßwasserfische des Irak. Arch. Fischereiwis., 20(2/3): 132-147 6. Fattohy, Z.I. (1975). Studies on the parasites of certain teleostean fishes from the River Tigris, Mosul, Iraq. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Mosul: 136. 7. Ali, N.M.; Al-Jafery, A.R. and Abdul-Ameer, K.N. (1986). New records of three digenetic trematodes on some freshwater fishes from Diyala River, Iraq. Proc. 4th Sci. Conf., Sci. Res. Counc., 5(1): 10-19. 8. Ali, N.M.; Salih, N.E. and Abdul-Ameer, K.N. (1987). Parasitic fauna of some freshwater fishes from Tigris River, Baghdad, Iraq. II: Trematoda. J. Biol. Sci. Res., 18(2): 19-27. 9. Abdul-Ameer, K. N. (1989). Study on parasites of freshwater fishes from Tigris River, Salah Al-Dien province, Iraq. M. Sc. Thesis, Univ. Baghdad: 98. (In Arabic). 4 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29لمجلد ا مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 10. Al-Daraji, S.A.M. (2004). Some digenetic trematodes of large- scale mullet Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1849), with description of Saturnius hadithii sp. nov. (Bunocotylidae). Basrah J. Vet. Res., 1(1 & 2): 77-84. 11. Jori, M.M. (2006). Parasitic study on the Asian catfish Silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843) from Al-Hammar marshes, Basrah, Iraq. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Educ., Univ. Basrah: 192. 12. Mohammad, E.T. (2010). First record of hemiurid trematoda from black pomfret fish Parastromateus niger (Bloch) from Khor Abdullah northwest Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Basrah J. Vet. Res., 10(2): 103-108. 13. Mhaisen, F.T.; Al-Rubaie, A.L. and Al-Sa'adi, B.A (2015). Trematodes of fishes from the Euphrates River at Al-Musaib City, Mid Iraq. Amer. J. Biol. Life Sci., 3(4): 91-95. 14. Mhaisen, F.T. (2015). Index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq (Unpublished: mhaisenft@yahoo.co.uk). 15. Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I.E.; Gusev, A.V.; Dubinina, M.N.; Izyumova, N.A.; Smirnova, T.S.; Sokolovskaya, I.L.; Shtein, G.A.; Shul'man, S.S. and Epshtein, V.M. (1962). Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the U.S.S.R. Akad. Nauk, S.S.S.R., Moscow, 727. (In Russian). 16. WoRMS (2015). World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org. (Accessed August 2015). 5 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29لمجلد ا مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 Figure(1): Plag ioporus skrjabini Kowal, 1951 from Mystus pelusius from Tigris River  (Scale bar= 0.3mm.). A: Photomicrograph, B: Camera Lucida. E: Eggs, Gb: Genital bursa, O: Ovary, Os: Oral sucker, Ph: Pharynx, T: Testes, Vs: Ventral sucker, Vt: Vitellaria 6 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29لمجلد ا مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 (صنف Plagioporus skrjabini Kowal, 1951الظهور األول للطفيلي Mystus في العراق من سمكة أبو الزمير المخّرمات: عائلة أوبيسيليدي) pelusius كفاح ناصر عبد األمير ياسمين جمعة كاظم أحالم جاسم طاهر بغداد ، جامعةم)( ابن الهيثللعلوم الصرفة التربية كلية الحياة، علوم قسم 2015تشرين األول 21، قبل في : 2015ايلول 10استلم في : الخالصة ألول مرة في العراق من Plagioporus skrjabini Kowal, 1951م سجل في هذه الدراسة المخرّ التي جمعت من عدة مواقع على طول Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794)معاء سمكة أبو الزميرأ الرسم فضال عن هذاالطفيلي وقياسات مواصفات إعطاء نهر دجلة في منطقة الشواكة في مدينة بغداد. تم التوضيحي له. Trematoda ، Plagioporus skrjabini, Mystus pelusius: نهر دجلة، المفتاحية الكلمات