Microsoft Word - 40-48 40 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 Anatomical and Histological Study of Thyroid Gland in Weasel (Herpestes javanicus) (E.Geoffroy saint.Hilaire,1818) Rana A. Al-Aamery Hussain A.M. Dauod Dept. of Biology, College of Education of pure Science (Ibn-Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad Received in :22 December 2015, Accepted in :1March 2016 Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the morphological description and histological structure of thyroid gland in Herpestes javanicus . The results revealed that thyroid gland in adult Herpestes javanicus is located in the neck region just below the larynx and attached to the trachea . Histological study revealed that thyroid gland in H. javanicus surrounded by a capsule of losse connective tissue and the thyroid gland mainly formed from follicles within different sizes. The results showed that the follicle consists of three compenets represented by follicular lining cells, basal parafollicular cells and the colloid. Microscopical examination revealed that the follicular lining tissue is either to be simple squamous or simple cuboidal epithelial tissue . The results also showed that the parafollicular cells (C-cells) are spherical, oval and even polygonal, and are located either interfollicular or intrafollicular. Key words: Thyroid gland, Weasel, Thyroid histology, anatomy, C-cell 41 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 Introduction The thyroid is a bilobed endocrine gland located in the neck region, anterolateral to the larynx and upper trachea. The two lobes are connected by a thin band of thyroid tissue, the isthmus that cross anterior to upper part of the trachea [1,2,3]. Thyroid gland is an unique among the endocrine gland in that it stores large amount of hormone in an intact from within extracellular compartments in the center of follicles, in contrast with other endocrine gland store only small quantities of hormones in intracellular site [4,5]. The main bulk of the gland develops from an epithelial down growth from the fetal tongue whereas the calcitonin-secreting cells are derived from altimobranchial element of the fourth branchial pouch [4]. A thin connective tissue capsule surrounded the gland. It sends trabeculae devided parenchyma to several lobules[4,6,7]. The thyroid gland follicles consist of two basic cells types represented by principal or follicular cells and parafollicular or C-cell. The two cells have different embryonic origins [6]. The first type secrets the thyroxin, T4 and Triiodothyronin hormones which are playing an important roles for reproduction differentiation and migration of cells during embryonic stages [3,8]. The second type of cells (parafollicular cells) are secreted calcitonin hormone which regulate the calcium level in the blood [9,6]. Review of the literature revealed that there is few investigation deals with the morphological description and histological structure of thyroid gland in Iraqi vertebrates especially the wild vertebrates [10,11]. This literature record supports the idea to study the thyroid gland in Iraqi wilde vertebrates including the animal under investigation Weasel ,Small asian mangoose (Herpestes javanicus). This study is a part of large scale investigation deals with the anatomy and histology of thyroid glands of different Iraqi wild vertebrates, hope to increase the information in this field of the study. Materials and Methods A total of [10] adult weasel (males& females) (Herpestes javanicus) were collected from Al-Najaf province. The animals are classified according to the field guide of wild mammals of Iraq [12]. All animals were scarified for collecting the thyroid gland for morphological and histological study. Methods of Bancroft & stevens[8] were employed for histological techniques and different stains were used (Haris Haematoxylin- Eosin, PAS and Azan stains) to stain the histological sections. Results The present study on the morphological description and histological structure of thyroid gland in Weasel (Herpestes javanicus) declares the following results: 1- Morphological description: Results of the gross anatomy revealed that the thyroid gland in adult Weasel (Herpestes javanicus) is located in the neck region, it is attached to the trachea just below the larynx (Figure 1). It consists of two distinct lobes with no clear isthmus as in other large mammals. They are located at the tracheal incompelete rings (1st- 5th). The thyroid lobes are oval shaped with length & width for right & left lobes in males & females respectively (Table 1) 2- Histological structure: Results of the present study showed that thyroid gland in H. javanicus surrounded by a capsule of loose connective tissue consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer of collagen 42 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 fibers, elastic fibers and few reticular fibers in addition to the fibroblasts and the inner layer of collagenous fibers with few elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers in addition to the blood vessels and nerves. The capsules extend to the gland tissue by the trabeculae which divided the gland paranchyma to several lobules (Figure 2). The thyroid gland is mainly formed from follicles of different sizes. The follicles consists of three components which are represnted by follicular lining cells, basal parafollicular cells which located inbetween the basement membrane and follicular cells and the colloid which filled the follicle cavity (Figure 4). The follicles appear with different shapes either to be oval or round and even irregular shapes and have different sizes, small, medium and large(Figure 3) (Table 1). Microscopical examination declears that the follicular lining tissue is either to be simple squamous or simple cuboidal epithelial tissue, the later is the dominant type. The cavity of the follicles is filled with colloid in different quantities[Figure 3,4]. Blood vessels are appeared inbetween the follicles and they are clearly appear in males in contrast with feamles (Figure 3). The parafollicular cells (C- cells) are spherical, oval and even polygonal with spherical nucleus and clear cytoplasm (Figure 5). These cells are located either interfollicular or intrafollicular and they appeared either single cells or in clusters [5], their numbers in males are less than in females. Discussion Anatomical examination revealed that thyroid gland in adult H. javanicus is bilobed located infront of neck region at tracheal ring (1st- 5th), such result agrees with the results of several previous works [11,13,14 and15] delt with anatomy of the thyroid gland in buffalo, camel, donky and rat respectively. This agreement probably related to the fact that all vertebrates have the same body plan. Preveous studies showed that there is a cylindrical structure called isthmus connected the two thyroid glands on both sides of trachea [10,11,14]. These results disagree with present study results that the disagreement is probably related with the size and physiological structure of the animal under investigation [15]. Review of the literature revealed that there are clear differences in the thyroid gland capsule structure. Kausar&Shahid [14] and Igbokwe[15] observed that in camel& wild african grasscutter that the capsule consists of a thin layer of loose connective tissue, while Adhikary et al., [ 16] found that the capsule is formed from three layers, an outer, middle and inner layers. The present study disagrees with the above finding as the capsule formed of a two layers loose connective tissue represented by an outer and inner layers, which agree with the results of [13] in Iraqi buffalo, white fulani (Zebu) cattle [17] and gaint rat[18]. Smooth muscles fiber in inner layer of capsule probably plays an important role in contraction of the capsule and motility of colloid. Results of the present study revealed that the histological structure of the thyroid gland in H. javanicus has the same structure that recorded in previous studies [13,15,16,17,18]. The present study results revealed that the tissue lining the follicles represented by simple squamous or simple cuboidal epithelial tissue. These results agree with several previous results [11,14,15,18 and19] and disagree with [9,10 and 20]. Igbokwe and Ezeasor [17] revealed that the cells lining the follicles are columnar and form simple columnar epithelium. The disagreement probably is related with the function of gland due to the fact that the columnar cells are more active cells in different organ lining [25 ]. 43 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 The follicle of gland contains a colloid material with different quantities [13,16,17,20 and 25], these results agree with the present study and it is related with body plan &the functional need . The histological examination of thyroid gland revealed that the parafollicular cells [C- cell] appeared as single cells or in cluster, and these cells appear spherical or oval shape with dark nucleous and light cytoplasm [1,13,16,17,20,22,23,24]. Results of the present study that declare C-cells either to be interfollicular or intrafollicular in their location which agree with [16,17] foundation and this is related with the functional constrution . References 1.Ross,M.H. (2006). Histology: Atext and atlas with correlated cell and molecular biology, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. 2. Kardong,K.V. (2006). Vertebrates comparative anatomy, function, evolution. ( 4th Edition). Washington state university. 3.Eroschenko,V.P.(2005). Atlas of histology with functional correlations.( 11th Edition). Londone. 4.Braverman, L. E. and Cooper, D.( 2012). Werner and Ingbar’s The thyroid: A fundamental clinical text. 10th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, London. 5.Dickoff, W. W. and Darling, D.S. (1983). Evolution of thyroid function and its control in lower vertebrates. Am. Zool., 23: 697-707. 6.Robert, C. (1938). The comparative anatomy of the thyroid and adrenal glands in wild animals.Ohio Journal of Science. 37(1).42-61. 7.Kress, E., Samarut, J. and Plateroti, M.( 2009).Thyroid hormones and the control of cell proliferation or cell differentiation: paradox or duality? Mol. Cell Endocrinol., 313: 36–49. 8.Bancroft, J. D. and Stevens, A. (1986). Theory and practice of histological techniques, 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, London: XIV+662pp 9.AL- Makhtar,K. and AL-Rawi, A.H.(2000). Histology part (2) . University of Baghdad , National Library Foundation Printing and Publishing, Baghdad: 419 10.Sawicki,B.; Siuda,S. and Kasacka,I. (1992).Microscopic structure of the thyroid gland in the European bison. Acta Theriologica. , 37(1-2):171-179 11.Kausar,R. and Shahid,R.U. (2006). Gross and microscopic anatomy of thyroid Gland of One- Hamped Camel (Camelus dromedarius). Pakistan Vet. J.,26(2):88-90. 12.Igbowe,C.O.(2010). Gross and microscopic anatomy of thyroid gland of the wild African grasscutter( Thryonomys swinderianus,Temminck)in Southeast Nigeria. Eur. J .Anat.,14(1):5- 10. 13.Adhikary,G.N. ;Quasem,M.A. and Das,S.K. (2003). Histological observation of thyroid gland at Prepubertal, Pubertal and Castracted Black Bengal Goat. Pakistan Journal of biological Sciences ,6(11):998-1004. 14.Igbokwe, C.O. and Ezeasor,D.N. (2015). Histologic and ultrastructure observations on the thyroid gland of the White Fulani (Zebu) cattle in Northern Nigeria.Afr.J.Biotechnol. 14(2):156-166 15.Onwuaso,I.C. and Nwagbo,E.D.(2014). Light and electron microscopic study of thyroid gland in the African gaint rat, Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse. Pakistan J. Zool.,46(5):1223-1230. 44 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 16.Bello,A.; Onu,J.E.; Umaru,M.A.; Shehu,S.A.; Jimoh,M.I. and Olusola,O.(2014). The orental development of thyroid gland in one Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries): Histomorphological study.Journal of agriculture and soil science.,1(1):5-7. 17.Soliman,S.M.; Nabil,T.M.; El-Kerdawy,A.Z. and El-Bayomy,A.M.(2005). Development of the thyroid gland of New-Zealand white rabbit. Beni-Suef .Vet .Med.J., 15(2):1-8. 18.Bancroft, J. D. and Stevens, A. (1986). Theory and practice of histological techniques, 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, London: XIV+662PP 19.Borda,A.; Berger,N.; Turcu,M.; AI Jaradi.,M. and Veres,S.(2004). The C-cells: Current concepts on normal histology and hyperplasia. Morphol.Embryol. XLV:53-61. 20.Kameda, Y. (1983). Distribution of C Cells in Monkey Thyroid Glands as Studied by the Immunoperoxidase Method Using Anti-Calcitonin and Anti- C-Thyroglobulin Antisera. Arch.histol.jap.,.46(2):221-228. 21.Bursuk,E. (2012). Introduction to thyroid : Anatomy and Functions. Thyroid and Parathyroid disease. ISBN. 51: 22pp. 22.RajKovic,V.; Matavulj,M. and Johansson,O.(2006). Light and electrone microscopic study of the thyroid gland in rats exposed to power-frequency electromagnetic fields. J.Exp.Biol.209:3322-3328. 23.Carvalheira.A.F. and Pearse,G.E.(1967). Comparative cytochemistry of C cell esterases in the mammalian thyroid- parathyroid complex. Histochemie,8:175-182. 24.Sawicki,B.(1975). Morphology and histochemistry of thyroid gland C-cells of young and adult guniea Pig. Acta thereologica .,20(22):281-296. 25.Al-Zubaidy,N.M.H. (2013). Comparative anatomical histological study of the urinary system blood biochemical criteria in three vertebrate. Ph.D. thesis. College of Education of pure Science.Karbalaa University. Table (1): Length, width and the diameter of the thyroid lobes in H. juvanicus Sex Dimension (cm) Rigth lobes Left lobes Mean ± S.E Male Length 0.770 ± 0.0517 0.850 ± 0.0453 Width 0.380 ± 0.0389 0.340 ± 0.0371 Female Length 0.860 ± 0.0427 0.680 ± 0.0611 Width 0.350 ± 0.0342 0.720 ± 0.0153 Table (2): The diameter of the thyroid follicles in H. juvanicus Sex Small follicles (µm) Middle follicles Large follicles Mean ± S.E Mean ± S.E Mean ± S.E Male 0.2205 ± 0.1323 0.180 ± 0.00824 1.1465 ± 0.06313 Female 0.2110 ± 0.01183 0.1985 ± 0.00693 0.9758 ± 0.06971 45 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 Figure (1) :a. Positon of thyroid gland in Herpestes javanicue,. ( t) trachea, b.(r.th ) right thyroid lobe, c. (l.th ) left thyroid lobe 46 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016   Figure (2): Cross section in thyroid gland showing ( f) follicle ,( c ) capsule ,(tb) trabeculae (bv) blood Vessle H&E 100X Figure (3): Cross section in thyroid gland showing (lf) large follicle, (mf) medium follicle, (sf) small Follicle,( ss ) simple squamous epithelial tissue , (bv) blood Vessle H&E 400X 47 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016   Figure (4):Cross section in thyroid gland showing (co) colloid, (ep) epithelial tissue cell ( bm) basment membrane PAS 400X Figure (5): Cross section in thyroid gland showing ( inf) interfollicular cell, (inaf) intrafollicular cell Azan 400X          cb 48 | Biology 2016) عام 1(العدد 29المجلد مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية Ibn Al-Haitham J. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 29 (1) 2016 حيوان في الدرقية للغدة ونسجية تشريحية دراسة (Herpostes javanicus) Weasel بيز ابن عرس (E.Geoffroy saint.Hilaire,1818) رنا عالء العامري حسين عبد المنعم داود بغداد ، جامعة)قسم علوم الحياة، كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة (ابن الهيثم 2016اذار 1، قبل في : 2015كانون األول 22استلم في الخالصة Herpestes هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف على الوصف الشكليائي والتركيب النسجي للغدة الدرقية في بيز ابن عرس javanicus اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان الغدة الدرقية في الحيوان البالغ تتموضع في المنطقة العنقية تماما تحت الحنجرة . تكون H. javanicusوتكون ملتصقة بالرغامى. اوضحت الدراسة النسجية ان الغدة الدرقية في الحيوان موضوع الدراسة يس من جريبات مختلفة الحجم. اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية محاطة بمحفظة من نسيج ضام, وان الغدة تتكون بشكل رئ اوضحت بأن الحويصالت تتكون من ثالثة مكونات تتمثل بالخاليا الظهارية للحويصالت وخاليا قاعدية جنب جريبية رشفيا ). اظهر الفحص المجهري ان النسيج المبطن للجريبات اما ان يكون نسيجا ظهاريا حColloidاضافة الى الغروان ( كذلك اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية ان الخاليا جنيب الجربية تكون اما بيضوية اومضلعة وقد بسيطا.بسيطا او مكعبيا تكون متعددة االوجه وهي تتموضع بموقعين بين جريبي و داخل جريبي. -Cاسة تشريحية للغدة الدرقية , خاليا الغدة الدرقية، بيز ابن عرس ، ، دراسة نسجية للغدة الدرقية ,درالكلمات المفتاحية: cell