@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹1a26@@ÖÜ»€a@I2@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (2) 2013 First Record of the Monogenean Gyrodactylus lavareti Malmberg, 1957 in Iraq on Gills of the Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio Kefah. N. Abdul-Ameer Abid Ali. J. Al-Saadi Dept. of Biology/College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham)/ University of Baghdad Received on : 23 December 2012 , Accepted on : 8 April 2013 Abstract The monogenean Gyrodactylus lavareti Malmberg, 1957 is recorded here in the present study for the first time in Iraq from gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. This is the twentieth gyrodactylid species to be recorded from fishes of Iraq. The description and measurements of this parasite as well as its illustration were given. Key words: Monogenea, Gyrodactylus lavareti, Cyprinus carpio, Iraq 44 | Biology @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹1a26@@ÖÜ»€a@I2@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (2) 2013 Introduction Species of the monogenean genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 are ubiquitous ectoparasites of marine and freshwater teleosts worldwide, and, depending on the species, infect fish skin, fins and gills [1]. This directly transmitted viviparous gyrodactylid genus has high species richness but low morphological and biological diversity [2]. There are 409 potentially valid species named within this genus [3], but according to MonoDB [4], there are 518 nominated species of Gyrodactylus. Species of this genus were recorded from 400 host species in a wide variety of fish families and orders [3]. However, individual species range from narrowly specific to extremely catholic as 71% of described species were recorded from a single host while Gyrodactylus alviga was recorded from 16 hosts [2]. According to Mhaisen [5], G. elegans was reported from 22 different hosts in Iraq. The high transmission potential of Gyrodactylus spp., coupled with their high fecundity, allows them to rapidly colonies new hosts and to increase in number [6]. Few species of Gyrodactylus were likely to be significant pathogens, G. salaris Malmberg, 1957, has been responsible for devastation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in a number of Norwegian rivers [6,7]. In the genus Gyrodactylus, the ventrally directed opisthaptor is equipped with two large median hooks and 16 marginal hooklets and the most prominent character is the uterus in which the embryo develops. The parasite is viviparous which produces a young that may already has its own embryo [8]. The species identification of Gyrodactylus relies mostly on the shape and size of hard parts of the haptor [9]. In Iraq, many studies on parasites of fishes from different water bodies resulted in recognition of only 22 species belonging to the genus Gyrodactylus [5]. So, more surveys on fish parasites are needed to recognize more species and increasing information on the parasitic fauna of freshwater fishes of Iraq. In this paper, G. lavareti Malmberg, 1957, a monogenean infecting gills of the cyprinid fish C. carpio, is described for the first time in Iraq. Materials and Method During the period from November 2011 till March 2012, a total of 63 specimens of the common carp C. carpio were collected from different fish markets in Baghdad city. The fishes were brought alive to the laboratory of College of Education for Pur Science Ibn Al- Haitham, University of Baghdad and freshly examined. External examination of fins and skin were carried out. Skin and gill smears were microscopically examined. Parasites were isolated and then stained with aqueous neutral red and permanent slides were prepared with glycerine. Drawing was done by using a camera lucida. Parasites identification was mainly done on basis of two taxonomical accounts [10, 11]. The information on the previous account records of parasites were checked with the index-catalogue of parasite and disease agents of fishes of Iraq [5]. Results and Discussion The present study showed the occurrence of the monogenean G. lavareti Malmberg, 1957 infecting the gills of two specimens of C. carpio. The measurements were based on four specimens of this helminth. The following is a brief description and measurements of this parasite (in mm) as shown in Fig. (1):- Small worm, length 0.35- 0.4 (0.37), width 0.08-0.1 (0.09). Overall length of median hooks (shaft) 0.052-0.056 (0.054), point 0.03-0.06 (0.045), basal median hook length 0.04- 0.047 (0.043). Ventral bar 0.006-0.009 (0.007) × 0.02-0.024 (0.022). Length of membranoid extention 0.011-0.015 (0.013). Marginal hooks total length 0.22-0.26 (0.24), shaft 0.016- 0.018 (0.017), sickle 0.004-0.005 (0.0045) and length of filament loops 0.007-0.009 (0.008). 45 | Biology @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹1a26@@ÖÜ»€a@I2@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (2) 2013 The measurements of the present G. lavareti were in agreement with those of the holotype of the parasite [10, 11]. In Iraq, 19 species belonging to the genus Gyrodactylus were so far recorded from freshwater fishes. The following is a demonstration of these parasites with the mention of only the first record for each parasite in Iraq as many records exist for each species. The first reported species was G. elegans from both C. carpio and Liza abu from Al-Zaafraniyah fish farm in Baghdad [12], followed by G. baicalensis from C. carpio from Suwairah and Latifiyah fish ponds south of Baghdad [13], G. kherulensis from C. carpio from Babylon fish farm Babylon province [14], G. markevitschi from Varicorhinus trutta from Tigris river in Baiji town in Salah Al-Dien province [15], G. ctenopharynogodontis from Ctenopharyngodon idella from Babylon fish farm [16], G. medius, G. salaris, G. sprostonae and G. vicinus from C. carpio from Al-Furat fish farm [17], G. malmbergi and G. paralatus from both C. carpio and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix from Al-Furat fish farm [17], G. gussevi from Heteropneustes fossilis from Greater Zab river, north of Iraq [18], G. vimbi from Silurus triostegus from Al-Hammar marshes, Basrah province [19], G. menschikowi from both C. carpio and L. abu and G. derjavini from Aspius vorax both from Hilla river at Babylon province [20], G. barbi, G. cyprini, G. gobioninum and G. longoacuminatus from C. carpio of both Ainkawa, Erbil province and Lesser Zab river, north of Iraq [21]. The present report of the monogenean G. lavareti represents its first record in Iraq accounts for the twentieth gyrodactylid species from fishes of Iraq. Acknowledgemints Thanks are due to Prof. Dr. Furhan T. Mhaisen for confirming the identification of G. lavareti, permission to use his index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq and his critical reading of the manuscript. Also, thanks are due to Mrs. Azhar A. Al- Moussawi of Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad for her help in using the camera Lucida. References 1. Bakke, T.A.; Nilsen, K.B. and Shinn, A.P. (2004). Chaetotaxy applied to Norwegian Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Monogenea) clades and related species from salmonids. Fol. Parasitol., 51: 253-261. 2. Bakke, T.A.; Harris, P.D. and Cable, J. (2002). Host specificity dynamics: Observations on gyrodactylid monogeneans. Int. J. Parasitol., 32(3): 281-308. 3. Harris, P.D.; Shinn, A.P.; Cable, J. and Bakke, T.A. (2004). Nominal species of the genus Gyrodactylus von Nordman 1832 (Menogenea: Gyrodactylidae), with a list of principal host species. Syst. Parasitol., 59(1): 1-27. 4. MonoDb (2012). MonoDb.org. A web-host for the Monogenea. (accessed October 2012). 5. Mhaisen, F.T. (2012). Index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq. (Unpublished: mhaisenft@yahoo.co.uk). 6. Brooker, A.J.; Maldonado, M.I.G.; Irving, S.; Bron, J.E.; Longshaw, M. and Shinn, A.P. (2011). The effect of octopaminergic compounds on the behaviour and transmission of Gyrodactylus. Parasite Vector, 4: 207-216. 7. Bakke, T.A. and Harris, P.D. (1998). Diseases and parasites in wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 55 (Suppl. 1): 247-266. 8. Buchmann, K. (2012). Gyrodactylus salaris and Gyrodactylus derjavinoides. In: Woo, P.T.K. and Buchmann, K. (Eds.). Fish parasites: Pathology and protection. CAB Int., Wallingford: 193-208. 9. Mo, T.A. and Appleby, C. (1990). A special technique for studying haptoral sclerites of monogeneans. Syst. Parasitol., 17: 103-108. 46 | Biology @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹1a26@@ÖÜ»€a@I2@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (2) 2013 10. Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I.E.; Gusev, A.V.; Dublinina, M.N.; Izyumova, N.A.; Smirnova, T.S.; Sokolovskaya, I.L.; Shtein, G. A.; Shul'man, S.S. and Epshtein, V.M. (1962). Key to parasites of freshwater fish of U.S.S.R. Akad. Nauk, S.S.S.R., Moscow: 727 pp. (In Russian). 11. Gussev, A.V. (1985). Parasitic metazoan: Class Monogenea. In: Bauer, O.N. (Ed.). Key to the parasites of freshwater fish fauna of the U.S.S.R. Nauka, Leningrad, 2: 1-424 (in Russian). 12. Ali, M.D. and Shaaban, F. (1984). Some species of parasites of freshwater fish raised in ponds and in Tigris- Al-Tharthar canal region. Seventh Sci. Conf. Iraqi Vet. Med. Assoc., Mosul: 23-25 Oct. 1984: 44-46. (Abstract). 13. Salih, N.E.; Ali, N.M. and Abdul-Ameer, K.N. (1988). Helminthic fauna of three species of carp raised in ponds in Iraq. J. Biol. Sci. Res., 19 (2): 369-386. 14. Ali, N.M.; Mhaisen, F.T.; Abul-Eis, E.S. and Kadim, L.S. (1988). First occurrence of the monogenetic termatode Gyrodactylus kherulensis Ergens, 1974 in Iraq on the gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. J. Biol. Sci. Res., 19 (3): 659-664. 15. Abdul-Ameer, K.N. (1989). Study of the parasites of freshwater fishes from Tigris river in Salah Al-Dien province, Iraq. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Baghdad: 98 pp. (In Arabic). 16. Mhaisen, F.T.; Ali, N.M.; Abul-Eis, E.S. and Kadim, L.S. (1990). Parasitological investigation on the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) of Babylon fish farm, Hilla, Iraq. Iraqi J. Biol. Sci. Res., 10 (1): 89-96. 17. Al-Zubidy, A.B. (1998). Studies on the parasitic fauna of carps in Al-Furat fish farm, Babylon province, Iraq. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Babylon: 141 pp. (In Arabic). 18. Abdullah, S.M.A. (2002). Ecology, taxonomy and biology of some parasites of fishes from Lesser Zab and Greater Zab rivers in north of Iraq. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Educ., Univ. Baghdad: 153 pp. (In Arabic). 19. Jori, M.M. (2006). Parasitic study on the Asian catfish Silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843) from Al-Hammar marshes, Basrah, Iraq. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Educ., Univ. Basrah: 192 pp. (In Arabic). 20. Al-Zubaidy, A.B. (2007). First record of three monogenetic parasites species from Iraqian freshwater fishes. J. King Abdulaziz Univ., Mar. Sci., 18: 83-94. 21. Mama, K.S. (2012). A comparative study on the parasitic fauna of the common carp Cyprinus carpio from Ainkawa fish hatchery (Erbil) and Lesser Zab river in Kurdistan region, Iraq. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Educ., Univ. Salahaddin: 89 pp. 47 | Biology @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹1a26@@ÖÜ»€a@I2@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (2) 2013 Fig. (1): Gyrodactylus lavareti Malmberg, 1957 1A: Photomicrograph of general shape (Scale bar= 0.03mm.). 1B: Photomicrogragh of haptor (Scale bar= 0.01mm.). 1C: Camera Lucida drawing of marginal hook (hooklet) (Scale bar= 0.01mm.). 1D: Camera Lucida drawing of haptor (Scale bar= 0.01mm.). Dcb= dorsal connecting bar, H= hooklet, M= membranoid extension, Mh= median hook, Vcb= ventral connecting bar. 48 | Biology @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹1a26@@ÖÜ»€a@I2@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (2) 2013 ,Gyrodactylus lavareti Malmberg التسجیل األول ألُحادي المنشأ Cyprinus carpio عتیاديإلفي العراق من غالصم أسماك الكارب ا 1957 كفاح ناصر عبد األمیر عبد علي جنزیل الساعدي جامعة بغداد )/بن الھیثمإ( للعلوم الصرفة كلیة التربیة /قسم علوم الحیاة 2013نیسان 8 : قبل البحث في ، 2012كانون االول 23 : استلم البحث في الخالصة ألول مرة في Gyrodactylus lavareti Malmberg, 1957تم في الدراسـة الحالیـة تسـجیل أحـادي المنشـأ من أنواع الجنس ونوھذا ھو النوع العشر .Cyprinus carpioالعراق من غالصم أسماك الكارب اإلعتیادي Gyrodactylus .الرسم التوضیحي لھ. فضآل عنالطفیلي مواصفات وقیاسات ھذاأعطیت التي تسجل من أسماك العراق احادي المنشأ ,Cyprinus carpio, Gyrodactylus lavareti ,العراق : الكلمات المفتاحیة 49 | Biology