@1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@Ü»€a@I@Ö1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Some Parasites From Gills of Five Fish Species and the First Record of the Monogenean Ligophorus Imitans Euzet et Suriano, 1977 in Iraq Abd Ali J. Al-Saadi Dept. of Biology/College of Education for Pure Science(Ibn-Al Haitham)/ University of Baghdad Received in:6 June 2012 , Accepted in:15 October 2012 Abstract Five fish species were collected from Tigris river at Al-Adhamiyah region, Baghdad during the period from September to December 2011. These fishes were examined for ectoparasites. They were infected with 13 species of parasites which included one species of ciliated protozoans and 12 species of monogeneans. Among such parasites, Ligophorus imitans Euzet et Suriano, 1977 is reported for the first time in Iraq. In addition, eight new host records in Iraq were reported in the present study. Key words : Ligophorus imitans, Monogenea, fishes, Iraq. 56 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@Ü»€a@I@Ö1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Introduction Fishes in their natural habitats are vulnerable to the infection with various external parasites which affect their lives. Among these parasites are the nonogeneans and the protozoans. Monogeneans are small to medium sized ectoparasites which live on gills and skin of fishes. They complete their life cycle on one host [1]. Monogeneans are well known as important pathogens for their hosts [2]. The first monogenean reported from Iraqi fishes was Diplozoon kasimii which was described from gills of Cyprinion macrostomum from Tigris river passing through Mosul city [3]. Later on, many monogenean species were described from different parts of Iraq. The present investigation also deals with record of the monogenean Ligophorus Imitans Euzet et Suriano, 1977 which parasitizes Liza abu (Heckel) in Tigris river in Baghdad city as no previous account was given on the occurrence of this parasite from Iraq according to the index- catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq [4]. Materials and Methods Fish samples were collected from Tigris river passing through Baghdad city at Al- Adhamiyah region. Sampling was done during September to December 2011. Fishes were freshly examined for ectoparasites by taking smear from their skin, fins and buccal cavity through slight scraping. Gills were removed and placed in Petri dishes with water and then microscopically examined. Smears were examined under a light compound microscope after separation of monogeneans from gill filaments by using a fine needle. All parasites were stained with aqueous neutral red and permanent slides were prepared. Drawing was achieved by using a camera lucida. Measurement of parasites was done by using an ocular microscope. Parasites identification was achieved by consulting some concerned taxonomical accounts [5, 6]. The information on the occurrence of these parasite species and the records of new hosts for these parasites were checked with the Index- catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq [4]. Results and Discussion A total of 93 fish specimens belong to five fish species were collected from Tigris river at Al-Adhamiyah region. These fishes included Barbus grypus (Heckel, 1843), B. luteus (Heckel, 1843), B. xanthopterus (Heckel, 1843), Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 and Liza abu (Heckel, 1843). Fishes were brought alive to the laboratory. Thirteen parasite species were recorded from these fishes (Table 1). The following is a brief account on the occurrence of the parasites. Trichodrina reticulata Hirschmann et Partsch, 1955 This ciliated protozoan was found infecting gills of the common carp C. carpio of the present study with the rate of 33.3% (Table 1). This parasite was described for the first time in Iraq from blood, gills and skin of Asain catfish Silurus triostegus from Al-Hammar marshes, Basrah [7]. No more records were reported for this parasite in Iraq [4], therefore, C. carpio of this investigation represents a new host for this parasite in Iraq. Dactylogyrus affinis Bykhovskii, 1933 This monogenean was found on gills of B. xanthopterus and C. carpio with the rate of 40% and 58.3%, respectively in the present study (Table 1). This species was reported for the first time in Iraq from both B. xanthopterus and B. esocinus from Dokan lake [8]. Later, it was recorded from three other hosts in Iraq [4] which included C. carpio from Euphrates river at Al-Anbar province [9]. 57 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@Ü»€a@I@Ö1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Dactylogyrus arquatus Yamaguti, 1942 This species was found on gills of C. carpio with a rate of 41.7% (Table 1). The first occurrence of this parasite in Iraq was reported from the skin, buccal cavity and gills of the same host from fish pond in Suwairah and Latifiyah southeast of Baghdad [10]. So far, this species has six hosts in Iraq [4]. Dactylogyrus barbuli Gussev, Ali, Abdul-Ameer, Amin et Molnár, 1993 This parasite was recorded from gills of B. luteus of the present study with a rate of 17.6% (Table 1). It was described as a new species from B. barbulus from Tigris river near Baiji, Iraq for the first time in Iraq [11]. Therefore, B. luteus of present study represents a new host for this parasite in Iraq which is the fifth host in Iraq [4]. Dactylogyrus bocageii Alvarez Pellitero, Vicente et Gonzalez Lanza, 1981 This parasite was detected from gills of 30% of B. xanthopterus of the present study (Table 1). It was reported for the first time in Iraq from gills of Aspius vorax from Diyala river [12]. So, B. xanthopterus of the present investigation now adds the second host for this parasite in Iraq [4]. Dactylogyrus carassobarbi Gussev, Jalali et Molnár, 1993 This parasite was present on the gills of B. xanthopterus of the present study with the rate of 30% (Table 1). This worm was reported for the first time in Iraq from the gills of B. luteus from Shatt Al- Arab river at Basrah [13]. Therefore, B. xanthopterus in this study is considered as a new host for this parasite in Iraq which is the third hosts in Iraq [4]. Dactylogyrus deziensis Gussev, Jalali et Molnár, 1993 This parasite was found on gills of 10% of B. xanthopterus of the present study (Table 1). It was described for the first time in Iraq from gills of both B. barbulus and B. kresin from Bahdinan river in Kurdistan region-Iraq by Bilal [14]. Therefore, B. xanthopterus of the present study represents a new host record for this parasite in Iraq which is the third host [4]. Dactylogyrus extensus Müller et Van Cleave, 1932 This parasite was found on gills of B. grypus and C. carpio of the present study with a rate of 22.2% and 25%, respectively (Table 1). It was reported the first time in Iraq from the buccal cavity and gills of C. carpio from fish ponds in Suwairah and Latifiyah southeast of Baghdad [10]. Now, this parasite has 16 hosts in Iraq [4] which include both B. grypus and C. carpio of the present study. Dactylogyrus inexpectatus Izumova, 1955 in A. Gussev, 1955 This parasite was found on gills of B. grypus of the present study with the rate of 22.2% (Table 1). It was reported for the first time in Iraq from the skin and gills of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella from fish ponds in Suwairah and Latifiyah southeast of Baghdad [10]. Therefore, B. grypus of this investigation represents a new host for this parasite in Iraq which is the fifth host (4). Dactylogyrus lenkorani Mikailov, 1967 This parasite was recorded from the gills of the B. xanthopterus of the present study with the rate of 20% (Table 1). It was reported for the first time in Iraq from gills of B. sharpeyi from Diyala river [12]. No more reports are available on this parasite from fishes of Iraq (4). Therefore, B. xanthopterus of the present study is considered as a new host record for D. lenkorani in Iraq. 58 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@Ü»€a@I@Ö1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Dactylogyrus macrostomi Gussev, Ali, Abdul-Ameer, Amin et Molnár, 1993 The parasite was present on gills of C. carpio of the present study with the rate of 33.3% (Table 1). It was recorded for the first time in Iraq from gill of Cyprinion macrostomi from Tigris river near Biji, Iraq [11]. No more hosts are known for this parasite in Iraq (4). Therefore, C. carpio of the present study is considered as a new (the second) host for this parasite in Iraq. Dactylogyrus pavlovskyi Bychowsky, 1949 This species was detected from gills of L. abu of the present study with the rate of 13.3% (Table 1). It was described as a new species for the first time in Iraq from both B. grypus and B. sharpeyi from Tigiris river, near Baiji, Iraq [11]. So far, this species has five hosts in Iraq (4) which included L. abu as it was recorded from this fish from Euphrates river at Al-Musaib city [15]. Ligophorus imitans Euzet et Suriano, 1977 (Fig. 1) This monogenean was recorded from gill of 6.7% of L. abu of the present study (Table 1). As this record represents the first occurrence of this parasite in Iraq (4), the following is brief description and measurement (in mm) of this parasite. These measurements were based on eight specimens (Fig. 1). Worm length of median size, 0.70-0.74 (0.72), worm width 0.10-0.14 (0.12), length of marginal hooks 0.011- 0.015 (0.013), overall length of ventral median hook 0.035- 0.040 (0.037), overall length of dorsal median hook 0.036-0.040 (0.038), ventral connecting bar 0.004-0.006 (0.005) × 0.04-0.047 (0.043), dorsal connecting bar 0.01-0.017 (0.013) × 0.042- 0.049 (0.045), overall length of copulatory organ 0.08-0.087 (0.083), diameter of tube 0.001- 0.0015 (0.0012), and length of supporting bar 0.015-0.017 (0.016). The above measurements of the present L. imitans are in agreement with those of the holotype of this parasite [6]. The first record of Ligophorus from freshwater fishes of Iraq was that of L. acuminatus from gill of L. abu from fish markets of Baghdad [16]. So, L. imitans of the present investigation is the second species of this genus so far known from freshwater fishes of Iraq. It is appropriate to mention here that Haliotrema mugilinus (Hargis, 1955) reported from gills of both Liza macrolepis and L. subviridis Khor Al-Zubair estuary, northwest of the Arab Gulf [17] is considered as a synonym of Ligophorus mugilinus [18]. Acknowledgments I like to thank Prof. Dr. Furhan T. Mhaisen and Assist. Prof. Kefah N. Abdul-Ameer of the University of Baghdad for confirming the identification of L. imitans and reading of the manuscript. Also, thanks are due to Mrs. Azhar A. Al-Moussawi of the Iraq Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad for her help in using the camera lucida. References 1. Hoffman, G.L. (1998). Parasites of North American freshwater fishes, 2ed edn., Cornell Univ. Press, London: 539. 2. Duijn, Van C., Jnr. (1973). Diseases of fishes, 3rd edn., Iliffe Books, London: 372. 3. Rahemo, Z.I.F. (1980). Diplozoon kasimii new species from a freshwater teleost fish Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel. Bull. Biol. Res. Cent. Bagh., 12(1): 109-114. 4. Mhaisen, F.T. (2012). Index- catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq. (Unpublished: mhaisenft@yahoo.co.uk). 5. Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I.E.; Gusev, A.V.; Dubinina, M.N.; Izyumova, N.A.; Smirnova, T.S.; Sokolovskaya, I.L.; Shtein, G.A.; Shul'man, S.S. and Epshtein, V.M. (1962). 59 | Biology mailto:mhaisenft@yahoo.co.uk @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@Ü»€a@I@Ö1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Key to parasites of freshwater fish of U.S.S.R. Akad. Nauk, S.S.S.R., Moscow: 727. (In Russian). 6. Gussev, A.V. (1985). Parasitic metazoans: Class Monogenea. In: Bauer, O.N. (Ed.). Key to the parasites of freshwater fish fauna of the U.S.S.R. Nauka, Leningrad, 2: 1-424 (in Russian). 7. Jori, M.M. (2006). Parasitic study on the Asian catfish Silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843) from Al-Hammar marshes, Basrah, Iraq. Ph.D. Thesis, Coll. Educ., Univ. Basrah: 192. 8. Abdullah, S.M.A. (1990). Survey of the parasites of fishes of Dokan lake. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Salahaddin: 115. (In Arabic). 9. Balasem, A.N.; Mhaisen, F.T.; Adday, T.K.; Al-Jawda, J.M. and Asmar, K.R. (2003). A second survey of parasitic infections in freshwater fishes from Al-Qadisiya dam lake, phrates 140. (In Arabic).-): 123(2river, Iraq. Mar. Mesopot., 18 10. Salah, N.E.; Ali, N.M. and Abdul-Ameer, K.N. (1988). Helminthic fauna of three species of carp raised in ponds in Iraq. J. Biol. Sci. Res., 19(2): 369-386. 11. Gussev, A.V.; Ali, N.M.; Abdul-Ameer, K.N.; Amin, S.M. and Molnár, K. (1993). New and know species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from cyprinid fishes of Tigris river, Iraq. Syst. Parasitol., 25: 229-237. 12. Abdul-Ameer, K.N. (2010). The first record of two species of Dactylogyrus (Monogenetic trematoda) in Iraq from Diyala river fishes, Diyala province. Ibn Al-Haitham J. Pure & Appl. Sci., 23(3): 39-42. 13. Al-Ali, Z.A.A.R. (1998). A study on some termatodes and its histological effects from three species of fish (family Cyprinidae) in Basrah province. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Agric., Univ. Basrah: 107. (In Arabic). 14. Bilal, S.J. (2006). Parasitic fauna of some cyprinid fishes from Bahdinan river inKurdistan region- Iraq. M. Sc. Thesis, Sci. Educ. Coll., Univ. Salahaddin: 90. 15. Al-Sa’adi, B.A.-H.E. (2007). The parasitic fauna of fishes of Euphrates river: Applied study in Al-Musaib city. M. Tech. Thesis, Al-Musaib Technic. Coll., Found. Technic. Educ.: 102. (In Arabic). 16. Abdul-Ameer, K.N. (2012). Recording of Ligophorus acuminatus Euzet et Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae), for the first time in Iraq on gills of freshwater mugilid fish Liza abu (Heckel). Abstr. 2nd Sci. Conf. Agric. Scs., Coll. Agric., Univ. Basrah: 196. Basrah: 14-15 Mar. 2012. 17. Al-Daraji, S.A.M. (1995). Taxonomical and ecological studies on the metazoan parasites of some marine fishes of Khor Al-Zubair estuary, north-west of the Arabian Gulf. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Agric., Univ. Basrah: 182. 18. WoRMS (2012). World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies. org. Retrieved May, 5. 60 | Biology http://www.marinespecies.org/ @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@Ü»€a@I@Ö1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Table (1): The distribution of parasite in sites of fish hosts. Parasite Species Host No. of fishes examined No. of fishes infected Rate of infection (%) Trichodina reticulata Cyprinus crpio* 12 4 33.3 Dactylogyrus affinis Barbus xanthopterus 10 4 40.0 C. carpio 12 7 58.3 D. arquatus C. carpio 12 5 41.7 D. barbuli B. luteus* 17 3 17.6 D. bocageii B. xanthopterus* 10 3 30.0 D. carassobarbi B. xanthopterus* 10 3 30.0 D. deziensis B. xanthopterus* 10 1 10.0 D. extensus B. grypus 9 2 22.2 C. carpio 12 3 25.0 D. inexpectatus B. grypus* 9 2 22.2 D. lenkorani B. xanthopterus* 10 2 20.0 D. macrostomi C. carpio* 12 4 33.3 D. pavlovskyi Liza abu 45 6 13.3 Ligophorus imitans** L. abu 45 3 6.7 * New host record in Iraq. ** New parasite record in Iraq. 61 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@Ü»€a@I@Ö1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 62 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@Ü»€a@I@Ö1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 خمسة أنواع من األسماك مع أول تسجیل للدودة غالصم بعض الطفیلیات من في Euzet et Suriano, 1977 Ligophorus imitans أحادیة المنشأ العراق عبد علي جنزیل الساعدي جامعة بغداد / )إبن الھیثم(للعلوم الصرفة كلیة التربیة / قسم علوم الحیاة 2012تشرین االول 15قبل البحث في: ، 2012حزیران 6استلم البحث في: الخالصة أنواع من األسماك من نھر دجلة عند منطقة األعظمیة، بغداد خالل المدة من شھر أیلول وحتى شھر جمعت خمسة نوعا ً من الطفیلیات، 13تھا الخارجیة، وتبین إصابتھا بـ ا. فحصت ھذه االسماك للتعرف على إصاب2011كانون األول ). ومن بین ھذه Monogenia من الدیدان أحادیة المنشأ ( ًنوعا 12تضمنت نوعا ً واحدا ً من الحیوانات اإلبتدائیة الھدبیة و ألول مرة في العراق. فضال ً عن ذلك، فقد أشارت Ligophorus imitansالطفیلیات تم تسجیل الدودة أحادیـــــة المنشأ الدراسة الحالیة تسجیل ثمانیة مضیفات جدیدة في العراق. أحادیة المنشأ، أسماك، العراق. ،Ligophorus imitans : الكلمات المفتاحیة 63 | Biology