@1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Isolation and Identification of Some Intestinal Parasites Eggs, Cysts and Oocysts From two Species of Diptera: Calliphoridae in Baghdad Afkar M. Hadi Natural History Research Center and Museum / University of Baghdad Received in:20 February 2012 , Accepted in:20 November 2012 Abstract This study documented the role of blowfly Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysomya megacephala as carriers of 15 species of intestinal parasites eggs, cysts and Oocysts as a primary effort of Iraq, by external and internal techniques: 10 species of different parasites were reported in this study that transmitted mechanically by Calliphoridae fly ,eight of them are nematode eggs (Ancylostoma duodenal, Ascaridia sp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Parascaris equirum, Strongyloides stericoralis , Strongylus sp., Trichostrongylus sp. and Toxocara canis)and cysts of two species of protozoa ( Entamoba sp.and Iodomaba butschlii). Internal technique by stained the fluid gut of flies with Zael Nelson stain, was applied for 257 fly, three species of nematode eggs (Ascaris lumriciodes, Strongyloides stericoralis and Trichuris sp.); one species of cestode eggs (Taenia sp.) and three species of protozoa Oocysts (Cryptosporidium parvum, C. muris, and Cyclospora cayetanensis), were showed internally. This variety of parasites referred to wide distribution of these flies in Baghdad that risk for public health. Key wards: Calliphoridae, Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala ,intestinal Parasites, protozoa. 64 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Introduction Non-biting cyclorrhaphan flies, such as house flies, blow flies and flesh flies, are known to carry human intestinal parasites [1,2], human protozoa [3] and animal metazoan parasites [4].The Calliphoridae family comprises around 150 genera and more than 1000 species distributed worldwide [5, 6, 7]. Chrysomya albiceps is a species belonging to the blow fly family, Calliphoridae. It is of great medical and sanitary importance, being associate with Myiasis in Africa and America although it plays a more significant role as a predator of other larvae [8]. The species is also of importance in forensic science and forensic entomology because it is the first insect to come in contact with carrion due to their ability to smell dead animal matter from up to ten miles 16 km away[9,10]. Chrysomya megacephala is reported in the same locations of other calliphorid species [11]. This survey is to reveal the role of blowfly Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysomya megacephala as carriers of pathogen as a primary effort of Iraq. Material and Methods A total of 257 fly was chosen and diagnosed as Chrysomya albiceps 235(91.4%) and Chrysomya megacephala 22(8.5%) by Iraqi Natural History Research Center and Museum from1123diffrent flies were collected from slaughter markets of ruminants and fishes in Baghdad in addition of traps were put in zoo and slaughter of equine in Al-Zawra Park of Baghdad, from March to October 2011, so as to identify the eggs, larvae and cysts of protozoa. Two methods applied: 1-Washing technique: all the flies put in distal water for 3 hours and centrifuge the supernatant to identify the parasites that transmitted mechanically[12]. 2-Staining technique: The procedure to be used with gut contents of blowfly after deposit the abdomen; to identify the eggs, larvae and cyst of protozoa that transmitted internally by Zeal Nelson stain . Color Photographs of eggs, larvae and cysts were taken after Ocular micrometer calibration [13]. This work is diagnosis in Iraqi Natural History Research Center and Museum, University of Baghdad. Key of diagnosis [14, 15, 16,17]. Results and Discussion Washing technique: 10 species of different parasite stages were reported in this study that transmitted mechanically by Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysoma megacephala ,eight of them are nematode eggs (Ancylostoma duodenal, Ascaridia sp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Parascaris equirum, Strongyloides stericoralis , Strongylus sp., Trichostrongylus sp. and Toxocara canis)and cysts of two species of protozoa ( Entamoba sp.and Iodomaba butschlii). (Table 1), (fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) respectively. Zael Nelson stain technique: three species of nematode eggs (Ascaris lumriciodes, Strongyloides stericoralis and Trichuris sp.); one species of cestode eggs (Taenia sp.) and three species of protozoaOocysts (Cryptosporidium parvum, C. muris, and Cyclospora cayetanensis), from tested of 257 fly of Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysoma megacephala after stained with ZaelNelson stain, (Table2) (fig.3,5,11,12,13,14,15)respectively. The current study showed eleven species of different parasites that transmitted mechanically by Chrysomya albiceps and Chrysoma megacephala ,this result may be explained by Sukontason[18] who claim that the ultrastructure of adhesive device or the pulvilli, pad-like structure between the tarsal claws of the legs, is presented in the blowfly (Calliphoridae), housefly and relatives (Muscidae), and flesh fly (Sarcophagidae)through scanning electron microscopy. These results provided anatomical information that allow us to not only understand the successful attachment of flies to smooth surfaces but also clarify their role as a mechanical carrier of microorganisms. 65 | Biology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrion mhtml:file://C:%5CUsers%5Chaider%5CDesktop%5Cmetal%20fly%5CSpringerLink%20-%20Parasitology%20Research,%20Volume%2098,%20Number%205.mht!/content/?Author=K.+L.+Sukontason @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Flies from several families are attracted to human and animal feces for both feeding and breeding. Blowflies (Calliphoridae) require protein for the development of their eggs [19]. Eggs of several parasites which presented in stool were appeared in this survey like: Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenal, Strongyloides stericoralis, Taenia sp. and Trichuris sp. These adult parasites are hosted in the human intestine and releases large numbers of eggs with the feces, so fresh moist feces attract flies more readily than old dry material. The current study showed cysts of two species of protozoa : Entamoba sp.and Iodomaba butschlii that similar to Pipken[20]who had studied the transmission of Entamoba histolytica by filth fly experimentally. In Kenya Round[21] experimented with three species of filth flies: Chrysomia albiceps, Chrysomia chloropyga and Sarcophaga sp. after giving the flies access to ova of Taeniarhynchus saginatum in dilute sugar solution, on raw meat or in an emulsion of human feces, the flies were washed (without killing) and put into a fresh cage. After different periods the fecal spots were examined for ova, he found that Taeniarhynchus saginatum eggs could be passed by these flies for periods of up 11 days after ingestion. However the majority was passed within three days and during that time the eggs were viable. He concluded that filth flies in Kenya may play an important role in the transmission of Taeniarhynchus saginatum eggs. The presence of intestinal eggs that transmitted by dogs feces like Tapeworm and Toxocara canis in this survey noted that the Calliphoridae fed readily on the excrement of canine animals, that similar to Schiller [22] .In other hand, Heniz [23]observed that two different fly populations were associated with dog feces; one visits feces to feed only, whereas the other feeds and reproduces within them. Lawson [24] made a similar observation and noted that the species associated with dog feces. Three species of intestinal parasites of equine appeared in this survey (Trichostrongylus sp., Strongylus sp. and Parascaris equurium) that mean, Calliphoridae fly were feeding on intestinal content and feces of equine slaughter. In addition, the role and importance of horses for parasitic transmission and their significance in the continuity of some zoonotic diseases can be investigated [25].Three species of protozoa were reveled in this survey that similar to [26]. The highest rate of this study is to Cryptosporidium parvum and C. muris (protozoa) 26%,15% subsequently. Cryptosporidium parvum is prevalent in preweaned cattle[26] in which the infections can produce high oocyst output sometimes exceeding 1010 oocysts per day.[27] Cattle manure is recognized source of C. parvum oocysts,[28,29] and is also a favorite breeding place, food source, and descending site of flies.[30] Although flies come into direct contact with manure, and it has been demonstrated that small particles readily adhere to the exterior surfaces of the fly,[31,32] .Farther than Psychodidae[33] found the larvae and adult stages of flies in the dung. It was observed that more parasites were isolated from the external surfaces than gut contents of the flies examined (P<0.001),that may be due to the varity of surfaces which these flies stopping on like: feces, fresh and died flesh, carcases…etc. This study documented the role of Calliphoridae flies Chrisoma albiceps and Chrisoma megacephala transmission of different intestinal parasites and protozoa ,this varity of parasites referred to wide distribution of these flies in Baghdad that is a risk for Public health. Acknowledgments The author wishes to thank Dr. Hayder B. Ali & Razzaq Sh. Augul of the Iraqi Natural History Research Center and Museum, insect department, university of Baghdad for diagnosis of the flies. I also thank Dr. Adel S. Mosa the manager of zoo in Al-Zawra Park for supporting and agreement to put the traps of flies. 66 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 References 1. Fetene, T and Worku, N. (2009). Public health importance of non-biting cyclorrhaphan flies.Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 103:187-91 2. Gatechew, S; Teshome, G.M ; Erko, B; Balkew, M and Medhin, G. (2007).Non-biting cyclorrhaphan flies (Diptera) as carriers of intestinal human parasites in slum areas of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Acta. Tropica., 103:186-94 3. 3- Graczyk, T.K; Knight, R and Tamang, L. (2005) Mechanical transmission of human protozoan parasites by insects. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 18:128-32 4. 4-Forster, M; Klimpel, S and Sievert, K.(2009). The house fly (Musca domestica) as a potential vector of metazoan parasites caught in a pig-pen inGermany. Vet. Parasitol., 160:163-7 5. 5-Hennig, W. (1973). Diptera (Zweiflügler). Handbuchder. Zoologie, Berln., 31(4) : 1- 337 6. 6-Pont, A. C. (1980). Family Calliphoridae, Catalogue of the Diptera of 7. the Afrotropical Region, British Museum (Natural History) .Londres, 779-800 8. 7-Shewell, G. E. (1987). Calliphoridae, Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, 1133-1145. 9. Margareth, M. (1996).Temperature Requirements of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) under Laboratory Conditions". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Brazil), 91 (6): 785–788 10. Martin, G.; Elisabeth, F. and Christian, R. (2003). The blowfly Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as a new forensic indicator in Central Europe. Int. J. Legal Med., 117:75–81 11. Krzysztof, S.; Szymon, M.; Daria, B.and Szymon, K.(2008). Chrysomya albiceps (WIEDEMANN, 1819), a forensically important blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) new for the Polish fauna. J. Entomol., 77: 351-355 12. Mara, S. O.; Mara, J. ; Dantur, J. and Nstor, C.(2011). First Report of CHRYSOMYA MEGACEPHALA(DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) in northwestern Argntina. Florida Entomologist, 94(2):345-346 13. Gregor, F.; Rozkosny, R.; Bartak, M.and Vanhara, J. (2002). The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis. 107. Masaryk.: Masaryk University, 280 14. Robert, A. S. and Robert, D.(2002). Grey Flesh Fly (Wohlfahrtia vigil) Parasitism of a Preble’s Meadow Jumping Mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei). J. of Wildlife Diseases, 38(3): 604–606 15. Thienpont, E.; Rochette, F.and Vanparijs, O. (1986). Diagnosing helminthiasis by coprological examination. Turnhoutsebaan 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium). Available from: Vet lab Services, UNIT 11. Station Road, South water, Sussex RH 13 7HQ. 16. Edward, K. and Marietta, V. (1959).Diagnostic Medical parasitology . philadelphia and London. Library of Gongress Catalog Card No .58-7955 . 276 pp. 17. Joobori, T.I.(2002).Medical parasitology laboratory manual medical helminthology. Department of micr.med .coll. Al- Nahreen Univ., 159pp. 18. World Health Organization (2004).Integrated Guide to Sanitary Parasitology. Regional office for the Eastern Mediterranean Amman – Jordan, 120pp. 19. Sukontason, K. L.; Bunchu, N. ; Methanitikorn, R. ; Chaiwong, T. ; Kuntalue B. and Sukontason, K. .(2006). Ultrastructure of adhesive device in fly in families calliphoridae, muscidae and sarcophagidae, and their implication as mechanical carriers of pathogens. Parasitol. Research, 98 ( 5): 477 – 481 20. Waterhouse, D. F. (1974). The biological control of dung. Scientific American, 230(4):100 – 109 67 | Biology http://memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br/916/3086.html http://memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br/916/3086.html mhtml:file://C:%5CUsers%5Chaider%5CDesktop%5Cmetal%20fly%5CSpringerLink%20-%20Parasitology%20Research,%20Volume%2098,%20Number%205.mht!/content/?Author=K.+L.+Sukontason mhtml:file://C:%5CUsers%5Chaider%5CDesktop%5Cmetal%20fly%5CSpringerLink%20-%20Parasitology%20Research,%20Volume%2098,%20Number%205.mht!/content/?Author=N.+Bunchu mhtml:file://C:%5CUsers%5Chaider%5CDesktop%5Cmetal%20fly%5CSpringerLink%20-%20Parasitology%20Research,%20Volume%2098,%20Number%205.mht!/content/?Author=R.+Methanitikorn mhtml:file://C:%5CUsers%5Chaider%5CDesktop%5Cmetal%20fly%5CSpringerLink%20-%20Parasitology%20Research,%20Volume%2098,%20Number%205.mht!/content/?Author=T.+Chaiwong mhtml:file://C:%5CUsers%5Chaider%5CDesktop%5Cmetal%20fly%5CSpringerLink%20-%20Parasitology%20Research,%20Volume%2098,%20Number%205.mht!/content/?Author=B.+Kuntalue mhtml:file://C:%5CUsers%5Chaider%5CDesktop%5Cmetal%20fly%5CSpringerLink%20-%20Parasitology%20Research,%20Volume%2098,%20Number%205.mht!/content/?Author=K.+Sukontason @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 21. Pipken, A. C. (1949). Expermemital studies on the role of filth flies in the transmission of Entamoaba histolytica. American J. Hygiene, 49: 255 -275 22. Round, M. C.(1961). Observations on the possible role of filth flies in the epizootiology of bovine cysticercosis in Kenya. J. Hyg. Cambridge, 59:505 – 513 23. Schiller, E. L.(1954).Studies on the helminth founa of Alaska XIX. an experimental study on blowfly (Phormia) region transmission of hydatid disease. Experimental Parasitology, 3 :161. 24. Heinz, H. J. and Brauns, W. (1955). The ability of flies to transmit ova of Echinoccocus granulosus to human food. South African J. Med. Sci., 20:131 – 132 25. Lawson, J. R. and Gemmell, M.A. (1983).Hydatidosis and Cysticercosis: The Dynamics of Transmission .Advances in Parasitology, 22 : 261-308 26. Ram Chandra, S. (2009). A Report on Prevalence of Helminthes Parasites in Mules of Brick Kiln of Lalitpur District. WWW.animalnepal.org/documents/donkey/ 27. Hadi, A. M. (2011).A study of prevalence of some parasites and protozoa from 28. Musca demostica in Baghdad. Al- Anbar J. Vet. Sci., 4(2):88- 92 29. Anderson, B.C,( 1981). Patterns of shedding cryptosporidial oocysts in Idaho calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 178: 982–984 30. Hiepe, T.and Buchwalder, R.(1991). Livestock manure as a vector for parasites a report of experiences. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 98: 268–272 31. Pell, A.N. (1997). Manure and microbes: public and animal health problem? J. Dairy Sci., 80: 2673–2681 32. Hedges, A. (1980). Flies, gnats and midges. Mallis A, ed. Handbook of Pest Control. Cleveland, OH: Franzak & Foster Co., 621–685. 33. Ebeling, W.( 1978). Urban Entomology. Davis, CA: University of California Press. 20. Bennett GW, Owens JM, Corrigan MS, Duluth, MN: Advanstar Communications. 34. Iwasa, M. ; Makino, S.I; Asakura, H. ; Kobori, H. and Morimoto, Y, (1999). 35. Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) at a cattle farm in Japan. J. Med. Entomol., 36: 108–112 36. Greenberg, B. (1973). Flies and Diseases, Biology and Disease Transmission. Princeton, N J: Princeton University Press. 37. Heo Chong, C.; Nazni, W. A.; Chew, W. K.; Hiromu, K.; John, J. ; Heah Sock, K. and Baharudin, O.(2010). A Study of Cow Dung Diptera in Sentul Timur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. J. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 33:53-61 68 | Biology http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/0065308X http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_hubEid=1-s2.0-S0065308X08X60397&_cid=273006&_pubType=BS&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000228598&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=45bda11855d8be33fb86e9a8e474e020 http://www.animalnepal.org/documents/donkey/ @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Table (1): Stages of parasites are transmitted by external surface of two species of Calliphoridae fly. Species of parasites Class Stage Final host No. of stage % Ancylostoma duodenal Ascaridea sp. Ascaris lumbrecoides Parascaris equirum Strongyloides stericoralis Strongylus sp. Trichostrongylus sp. Toxocara canis Entamoba sp. Iodomaba butschli Nematode Nematode Nematode Nematode Nematode Nematode Nematode Nematode Protozoa Protozoa Egg Egg Egg Egg Egg Egg Egg Egg Cyst Cyst Man Avian Man Equine Man Equine Equine Dog Man Man 7 7 9 11 11 7 8 13 23 9 2.7 2.7 3.5 4.2 4.2 2.7 3.1 5 9.8 3.5 Significant differences P<0.01 between two methods. Significant differences P<0.05 among the species of parasites. Table (2): Stages of parasites are transmitted by gut contents of two species of Calliphoridae fly stained with zeal nelson stain. % No. of stages Stage Class Species of parasites 4.2 5 10.5 3.1 26 15 8.1 11 13 27 8 67 39 21 Egg Egg Egg Egg Oocyst Oocyst Oocyst Nematode Nematode Nematode Cestode Protozoa Protozoa Protozoa Ascaris lumbriciodes Strongyloides stericoralis Trichuris sp. Taenia sp. C. parvum C. muris Cyclospora cayetanensis Fig.1: Ancylostoma duodenal egg external transmitted by Calliphoridae fly. 69 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Fig.2: Ascaridea sp. egg external transmitted by Calliphoridae fly. Fig.3:Ascaris lumbriciodes unfertilized egg , zeal nelson stain. Fig.4:Parascaris equrium egg external transmitted by Calliphoridae fly. Fig.5: Strongyloides stericoralis egg, zeal nelson stain. 70 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Fig.6:Strongylus sp. egg external transmitted by Calliphoridae fly. Fig.7:Trichostrongylus sp. egg external transmitted by Calliphoridae fly. Fig.8: Toxocara canis egg external transmitted by Calliphoridae fly. Fig.9:Entamoeba sp. cyst external transmitted by Calliphoridae fly. 71 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Fig.10:Iodomaba butschlii external transmitted by Calliphoridae fly. Fig.11:Trichuris sp. egg zeal nelson stain. Fig.12:Taenia sp. egg zeal nelson stain. Fig.13:Cryptosporidium parvum Oocyst ,zeal nelson stain. 72 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 Fig.14:Cryptosporidium muris Oocyst, zeal nelson stain. Fig.15:Cyclospora cayteniasis Oocyst, zeal nelson stain. 73 | Biology @1a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ÚÓ‘Ój�n€a@Î@Úœäñ€a@‚Ï‹»‹€@·rÓ:a@Âig@Ú‹©@Ü‹26@@ÖÜ»€a@I1@‚b«@H2013 Ibn Al-Haitham Jour. for Pure & Appl. Sci. Vol. 26 (1) 2013 الطفیلیات المعویة من عزل وتشخیص بیوض ،أكیاس وأكیاس بیض بعض الكالیفوریدي في بغداد ذباب عائلة نوعین من أفكار مسلم ھادي جامعة بغداد / مركز بحوث ومتحف التاریخ الطبیعي 2012تشرین الثاني 20قبل البحث في: 2012شباط 20في: استلم البحث الخالصة :بینت الدراسة دور نوعین من الذباب ھما Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala نوعا من بیوض وأكیاس بیض بعض الطفیلیات المعویة خارجیا وداخلیا والول مرة في 15في نقل انواع من الطفیلیات التي ینقلھا ھذین النوعین من الذباب 10اظھرت الدراسة اكیاس وبیوض العراق. میكانیكیا، ثمانیة منھاھي بیوض الدیدان الخیطیة، واكیاس نوعین من الحیوانات االبتدائیة.كما اظھر ید الدراسة، ذبابة للنوعین ق 257الفحص الداخلي لصبغ سوائل القناة الھضمیة بصبغة الزیل نلسن ل اكیاس بیض ثالثة انواع من الحیوانات االبتدائیة، وبیوض ثالثة انواع من الدیدان الخیطیة وبیوض نوعا واحدا من الدیدان الشریطیة. ھذا التنوع في ظھور الطفیلیات یشیر الى االنتشار الواسع لھذه الذبابة في بغداد وھذا یشكل خطرا على الصحة العامة. Calliphoridae, Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomyaالطفیلیات المعویة، االوالي المعویة، ،: تاحیةالكلمات المف megacephala 74 | Biology