Biology - 104 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 3 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science No. 3 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Morphological Description Of Inner Ear In Barbus luteus Heckel (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). I. S. AL-Jumaily Department of Biology, College of Education Ibn-Al-Haitham,University of Baghdad. Received in: 5 September 2012 Accepted in: 15 October 2012 Abstract The morphological description of inner ear in Barbus luteus have been investigated. The results of the present study revealed that the fish under investigation has a pair of inner ears which are embedded in two otic capsules of the skull. The inner ear contains two main structures, the first is the Osseous Labyrinth (OL), and the second is the Membranous Labyrinth (ML). Both of (OL) and (ML) consist of three semicircular canal (SCC). These are anterior, posterior and horizontal semicircular canals (ASCC, PSCC and HSCC). The (OL) contains three chambers while the (ML) contains saccular structures which are called otoliths organs represented by utriculus (U), sacculus (S) and lagena (L). Each of the saccular structures has a solid structure called otolith. The otoliths are represented by lapillus, sagitta and astericus which are situated in (U), (S) and (L) respectively. Key words: Inner ear , Fishes , Otoliths Introduction Barbus luteus is one of the Iraqi freshwater fish belonged to the family cyprinidae [1]. The family cyprinidae includes, all species belong to the genus Barbus, carp, goldfish, minnow and other species[2]. Cyprinids fish are in the series Otophysi[3]. Literatures review revealed that all the otophysians have a specialized linkage of bones called the Weberian ossicles which conduct vibrations from the gas bladder to the inner ear. This mechanism allows the auditory responses to lower level signals and higher frequencies in otophysans compared to many other teleosts, so that otophysans have been classified as hearing specialists[4,5]. Review of the literatures showed that there is almost no clear informations about the morphological description and histological structures of the inner ear in Iraqi freshwater fish with the exception of the studies done by. Al-Jumaily and Dauod[6], and Al-Jumaily[7]. The present study aimed to give a preliminary data about the morphological description of the inner ear of Barbus luteus , with hope to increase the information about the inner ear in Iraqi freshwater fish. Materials and Methods Abults Barbus luteus were collected in fresh condition from the local fish market at Baghdad city. Fishare selected in different sizes and ages. The method used by Al-Jumaily[7] was employed to get the inner ear of the fish under investigation. Camera lucida was used to draw the membranous labyrithes of the fish. Biology - 105 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 3 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science No. 3 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Results and Discussion Vertebrate animals including fish have a pair of inner ear embedded inside of the otic capsules within the skull and situated on both sides of the hind brain[8]. Results of the present study confirmed this foundation, and showed that the inner ear of Barbus luteus consists of two structures represented by Osseous labyrinth and membranous labyrinth (Figure1). The later situated inside the first labyrinth (Figure2). The membranous labyrinth separated from the osseous labyrinth by the perilymp, and thin band of loss connective tissue with blood vessels. These results agree with several data reported by several workers[6, 7, 9, 10]. The osseous labyrinth has similar morphology of the membranous labyrinth with the exception that some parts of the osseous labyrinth are not complete. These results agree with the results reported by Al-Jumaily[7] in Liza abu and Al- Jumaily and Dauod,[6] in Silurus triostegus. The inner ear in Barbus luteus (Both osseous and membranous labyrinths) is divided into pars dorso-superior which includes the three semicircular canals including the utriculus (U), and the pars ventro-inferior which includes the sacculus (S) and lagena (L) (Figure 1, 2, 3 &4). These results agree with the previous results of several researchers [11, 12, 7]. The osseous labyrinth of the fish under investigation consist of three osseou s chambers which are represented by (U), (S) and (L)(figure 1) Previous studies revealed that there are three semicircular canals. These canals are represented by anterior semicircular canal (ASCC), posterior semicircular canal (PSCC)and Lateral or horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC) [11, 12, 13]. These results revealed some agreement with the results of the present study with the exception that the anterior semicircular canal in Barbus luteus is situated deeply in the otic capsule as in Silurus triostegus [6], and also the lateral semicircular canal in B. luteus appeared oblique with angle of 10° and that,is why it is called horizontal semicircular canal (Figure 4&6). These results confirmed the results of Al-Jumaily[7] in Liza abu and disagree with the data reported by Al-Jumaily and Dauod[6] in the inner ear of Silulus triostegus. Previous studies revealed that there is an enlargement at the anterior end of each semicircular canal called the ampulla[13, 14]. Results of the present study showed that the ampulla of osseous labyrinth represented by a concave enlargement to rest the ampullae of each semicircular canal of membranous labyrinth (figure 1&3). The present study also showed that there is a membranous bony plate surrounded the ampulla of the anterior semicircular canal (AA) which extend posteriorly to cover the ampulla of the lateral (horizontal) semicircular canal (HA), this is probably related to the fact that the anterior semicircular canal embedded deeply in the otic capsule cavity in B. luteus. This foundation confirmed the results reported by Al-Jumaily and Dauod[6] in S. triostegus and disagree with the data reported by Al-Jumaily[7] in L. abu . Several workers reported that the ampulla of the anterior and lateral semicircular canals are connected together anteriorly with the utriculus chamber, while the ampulla of posterior semicircular canal (PA) connected with its posterior part[5& 13] and this fact is an agreement with the result of the present study (figures 4&6). B. luteus has osseous plate supported by crus commune (CC) from the external side and extended lowerly to cover the ampulla of posterior semicircular canal and the end of the horizontal semicircular canal. This result disagrees with the data reported by Al-Jumaily and Dauod[6] and Al-Jumaily[7] in S. triostegus and L. abu respectively, in addition to the presence of the duct which connected the utriculus with sacculus called the utrico-saccular duct (US) which opened toward the internal lateral side of the cranium (Figures 4&5). Results of the present study showed that the membranous labyrinth of B. luteus consist of the same of the above structures of the osseous labyrinth in addition to the presence Biology - 106 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 3 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science No. 3 Vol. 25 Year 2012 of the saccular structures represented by (U), (S) and (L), which are called otolith organs (figures 4&6). These results agree with several researches[13, 16& 17] Results of the present study also showed that (U) is located dorsally while (S) is located venterally bellow the (U) and both of them connected together by Utrico-sacculas duct (figures 3&6) this result agree with several previous studies [18, 19].. The Utrico-saccular duct in B. luteus appeared as a relatively long duct which is situated posteriorly. This result agrees with the foundation of Al-Jumaily and Dauod[6] and disagrees with the data recorded by Al-Jumaily[7] who worked on Liza abu. Results of the present study revealed that the (S) in B. luteus appeared as a cylindrical shape pointed at both ends and formed from the external lateral wall of (S) the (L) appeared as a rounded saccular structure (Figures 5&6). This result agrees with the observation recorded by Jensen[20] and Al-Jumaily & Dauod [6], and disagrees with the data recorded by several researchers[7, 5& 18]. The present study showed that B. luteus has a transvers duct at the internal lateral wall of (S) which connects the right side of membranous labyrinth with the left side (Figure 5). This is perhaps important for good hearing as it is connected with weiberian system and the (S), due to the fact that B. luteus belonged to the family cyprinidae which represented a member of the otophysans fish (Super order: Ostariophysi). These results confirmed the data recorded in some previous research[6, 20, 21]. The present study declears similarity in the semicircular canals of membranous labyrinth with that of osseous labyrinth with the exception that the semicircular canals of membranous labyrinth are complete and the posterior ends of the anterior & posterior canals are connected with each other to form the crus commune which appeared compressed on both sides and connected from its posterior end with superior surface of (U) (Figures 4&6), and this confirmed some of the previous results[12, 22]. Results of the present study also showed that the posterior end of the horizontal semicircular canal is connected with the posterior region of (U) at the side of the posterior semicircular canal ampulla (figure 6) which is agreed with the foundation of [7, 23] and disagreed with the observations recorded by Harder[16], who stated that it is connected with the crus commune and the data recorded by Al-Jumaily and Dauod[6] in S. triostegus. This perhaps due to the direction angle of the horizontal canal. The present study showed that the otoliths organs (U, S and L) contain solid structures called the otoliths which take different names (lapillus, sagitta and astericus) which are located in (U), (S) and (L) respectively (figures 7, 8&9). These results agreed with the previous studies foundations[13, 16, 21]. The shapes and sizes of the otoliths are differed in different species of fish[5, 7&13]. The results of the present study showed that the three otoliths of the (U, S, L) of B. luteus are similar to those in zebra fish[5] and S. triestegus[6], due to the fact that all of the above three species belonged to the otophysans group even they are belonged to different families. On the other, hand the otoliths of B. luteus are differed from those of L. abu due to the fact that this species of fish doesn't belong to the otophysans group and belonged to the order perciformes[7]. In conclusion B. luteus has ability for good hearing as it is belonged to the otophysans which has the ability of auditory responses to lower level signals and high frequencies [12]. Biology - 107 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 3 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science No. 3 Vol. 25 Year 2012 References 1.AL-Daham, N.K. (1977). Fish of Iraq and Arab gulf. Center for Arab gulf studies publications, Basrah University (In Arabic). 2. Nelson, J.S. (1984). Fishes of the world (2nd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, New York, U.S.A. 3. Fink, S.V. and Fink, W.L. (1981). Interrelationships of the ostariophysan fishes (Teleostei). J. Linn, Soc. (Zool.) 72(4): 297-353. 4. Fay, R.R. and Popper, A.N. (1983). Hearing in fishes: comparative anatomy of the ear and the neural coding of sensory information. In: R.R. Fay and G. Gourevitch (Eds.). Hearing of E.G. Wever. Amphora Press, Groton Conn. 123-148. 5. Platt, C. (1993). Zebrafish inner ear sensory surfaces are similar to those in goldfish. Hear. Res. , 65 : 133-140. 6. AL-Jumaily, I. S. and Dauod, H. A. M. (2001). A study on the inner ear of Silurus triostegus: 1. Morphological description. J. AL-Mustansyria Science, 12(7): 805- 816. 7. AL-Jumaily, I.S. (2001). Morphological description and histological structure of inner ear in Silurus triostegus Heckel and Liza abu (Heckel). M. Sc. Thesis, College of Eduction (Ibn AL-aitham), Baghdad University, 136 (In Arabic). 8. Bevelander, G. and Ramaley, J. A. (1974). Essential of histology. 7th ed., C.V. Mosby Co., USA III 348. 9. Bond, C.E. (1979). Biology of fishes. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, VII+514. 10. Leeson, C.R.; Leeson, T.S. and Poparo, A.A. (1985). Text book of histology, (5th ed.) W. .aunders Co., Philadelphia, VIII + 597. 11. Lagler, K. F.; Bardach, J.E. and Miller, R.R. (1962). Ichthyology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA: 545. 12. Popper, A.N. and Platt, C. (1993). Inner ear and lateral line. In Physiology of fish (ed. By Evans, D. H.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., 99-136. 13. Popper, A ; Ramcharitar , J. and Campana, S.E. (2005). Why otoliths ? Insights from inner physiology and fisheries biology. Marine and Freshwater Res. , 56: 497-504. 14. Torrey, T. W. and Feduccia, A. (1979). Morphogenesis of the vertebrates, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York: XII + 570. 15. Romer, A. S. (1961). The vertebrate body, (2nd ed.). W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, U.S.A. 16. Popper, A.N. and Fay, R. R. (1993). Sound detection and processing by fish critical review and major research question. Brain Behav. Evol., 41: 14-38. 17. Schellart, N. A. and Wubbles, R. J. (1998). The auditory and mechanosensory lateral Line ystem. In: The physiology of fishes, (2nd ed.) (ed. Evans, D, H.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York.. 283-312. 18. Harder, W. (1975). Anatomy of fishes (Part I and II). E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbu Chandlung (Nageleu obermiller), Stuttgart, Germany: 612. 19. Weichert, Ch. K. and Presch, W. (1975). Elements of Chordate anatomy (4th ed.), Mc Graw-Hill. Co., New York, VIII + 526. 20. Jensen, J. Chr. (1994). Structure and innervation of the inner ear sensory organs in an otophysine fish, the upside-down catfish (Synodontis nigriventris David). Acta Zool. (Stockholm), 75(2): 143-160. 21. Bleckmann, H.; Niemann, U. and Fritzsch, B. (1991). Peripheral and central aspects of the acoustic and lateral line system of a bottom dwelling catfish, Ancistrus sp., J. Comp. Neurol., 314: 452-466. 22. Greve, M. (1964). The membranous Labyrinth of Calamoichthys colabricus Smith 1865 (Polypteridae: Pisces). Vidensk. Medd. Dansh. Nat. Hist. Foren, Kobenhagin, 127:275- 281 (Cited by Harder, 1975). Biology - 108 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 3 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science No. 3 Vol. 25 Year 2012 23. Bloom, W. and Fawcett, D. V. (1975). A textbook of histology, (10th ed.). W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia : XV + 1033. Figure(1): Internal lateral view of the cranial cavity in B. lutues , showing some parts of osseous Labyrinth. Figure( 2): External lateral view of the cranial cavity in B. lutes, showing the pars dorso – superior of membranous labyrinth (semicircular canls and utriculus) (3.3X) AA-Anterior Ampulla, ASCC-Anterior Semicircular Canal, , CC-Crus Commune, HA-Horizontal Ampulla, HSCC-Horizontal Semicircular Canal, L-Lagena, PA-Posterior Ampulla, PSCC-Posterior Semicircular Canal, S-Sacculus, U-Utriculus,. Biology - 109 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 3 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science No. 3 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Figure( 3): External lateral view of the right membranous Labyrinth , showing the main structures of it. (3.96X). Figure( 4): External lateral view, showing the Pars dorso – superior and pars ventro- inferior of the right membranous Labyrinth and appears the connected of posterior end horizontal semicircular with utriculus ( ) (4.4X). AA-Anterior Ampulla, ASCC-Anterior Semicircular Canal, , CC-Crus Commune, HA-Horizontal Ampulla, HSCC-Horizontal Semicircular Canal, L-Lagena, PA-Posterior Ampulla, PSCC-Posterior Semicircular Canal, S-Sacculus, U-Utriculus, US-Utrico Saccular Duct. Biology - 110 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 3 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science No. 3 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Figure( 5) : Schematic diagram of the internal side of the right membranous Labyrinth showed the main structures of it and appears the situation of transvers duct ( )(8X). Figure (6): Schematic diagram of external side of right membranous Labyrinth showing oblique angle horizontal semicircular canal and it connected of posterior end with utriculus ( ) (8X). AA-Anterior Ampulla, ASCC-Anterior Semicircular Canal, , CC-Crus Commune, HA-Horizontal Ampulla, HSCC-Horizontal Semicircular Canal, L-Lagena, PA-Posterior Ampulla, PSCC-Posterior Semicircular Canal, S-Sacculus, U-Utriculus, US-Utrico Saccular Duct. Biology - 111 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 3 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science No. 3 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Figure(7): The utriculus otolith (Lapillus) of B. luteus (7X). Figure (8): The Sacculus otolith (Sagitta) of B. luteus (4.4X). Figure(9): The Lagena otolith (Astericus) of B. luteus (7X). Biology - 112 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 3 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science No. 3 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Barbus luteus Heckel الوصف الشكليائي لالذن الداخلية في سمكة الحمري (Teleostei:Cyprinidae). ايمان سامي الجميلي ، جامعة بغداد ابن الهيثم –قسم علوم الحياة ، كلية التربية 2012تشرين االول 15قبل البحث في: 2012ايلول 5استلم البحث في: الخالصة . أظهرت نتائج الدراسة (Barbus luteus Heckel)تمت دراسة الوصف الشكليائي لالذن الداخلية في سمكة الحمري الحالية ان سمكة الحمري تمتلك زوجاً من اآلذان الداخلية مطمورة داخل زوج من العلب السمعية في الجمجمة وعلى جانبي الدماغ الخلفي. تتألف االذن الداخلية في السمكة موضوع الدراسة من تركيبين ، خارجي عظمي يدعى بالتيه العظمي وداخلي يدعى بالتيه غشائي، ويتألف كال التركيبين (التيه العظمي والتيه الغشائي) في السمكة موضوع الدراسة من ثالث اقنية نصف دائرية امامية وخلفية ال وافقية. يحتوي التيه العظمي ثالث حجيرات او ردهات في حين يحتوي التيه الغشائي تراكيب كيسية يطلق عليها باالعضاء ، وتدعى باالعضاء الحصوية. وتوجد في هذه االعضاء الحصوية تراكيب (L)والقنينة (S)والكييس (U)الحصوية تتمثل بالقريبة والتي في الكييس تدعى (Lapillus)صلدة يطلق عليها بالحصوات السمعية تأخذ مسميات مختلفة فالتي تقع في القريبة تدعى الالبه . (Astericus)النجيم اما التي توجد في القنينة فتدعى ب (Sagitta)بالسهيم االذن الداخلية ، االسماك ، الحصوات السمعية. الكلمات المفتاحية: