26 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 The Antigenotoxicity of Eruca sativa Mill Extract on Bone marrow Cells of Male Albino Mice Treated With Vincristine S.S.Mahdy Department of Biology, College of Education Ibn-AL-Haitham University of Baghdad Received in:8 September 2011 Accepted in:11 January 2012 Abstract Chemotherapy drugs have a major role in fighting cancer but, that doesn’t mean they are clear from side effect on human health. One of these drugs is vincristine this study, the chemopreventive potency of the crude extract ofIn Eruca Sativa Mill Which have a good reputation as antioxidant and anticancer against chromosomal aberration and suppressed mitotic index in bonemarrow cells of male albino mice treated with 50µ1 of vincristine intrapritoneally(ip) have been detected. Results Showed a Significant increasing in the percentage of the mitotic index nearly to the control group and a significant decrease in chromosomal aberration after (35) days of treatment with 250 mg/kg crude extract of Erucasativa. These results suggested a strong antigenotoxicity effect against vincristine damages onbonemarrow cells. Key Words: Antigenotoxicity ,Bonemarrow cell, Vincristine ,Eruca Sativa Introduction Folk medicine uses many medicinal herbs, Which are not free from Toxic effects. Some of them can cause adverse effects or interact with other medication [1]. It is Known that green plants in general are primary source of antimutagens as Well as a natural toxic agent can be considered as mutagenic, clastogenic and carcinogenic bothin vivo and [1,2,3,4,5]. troIn vi It this study the extract of Eruca sativa Mill Which commonly Known as Rocket plant or Aljarjeer was used .It is a herbaceous plant with great importance as salad vegetable and spice, especially among Mediterranean people[6]. It is one of Brassicacae family possessesmedicinal and therapeutic properities including inhibition of tumorigenesis[7], eye infection, digestive and Kidneyproblems,antiscrbutic,diuretic and it's always considered potent aphrodisiac [6]. Also, it has been reported the antioxidant and anticancerabilities [8].Another research showed the cytoprotective and antiulcer activities[9] Lamyet al. [10] showed the antigenotoxicity of rocket extract on (HepG2) cells (human hepatoma cells) . Non aqueous extract of this plant showed maximum antibacterial activity against BLB bacterial leaf blight disease of rice[11]. Also, antimicrobial resistant gram negativity and positive bacteria [12].Methanolic extract of rocket enhanced the activity of clarithromycin against resistant E.colistrains [13].Finally,the rocket seed extract was used as anti-inflammatory[14]. 27 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Material and Methods A-Eruca sativa extraction: The plant material was purchased from local market in Baghdad, Iraq. For the extraction, the plant was first washed free of sand ,then crushed in to very small piecesand the juice was subseguently squeezed out[10]. B-Animal treatment: Twenty four adult male mice with weight rang between(30-36) gm were purchased form Biotechnology Research Center and maintained on (10-14) hour light dark cycle in the animal house. Control and treated mice were provided with food and water ad libitum, there were no differences in food intaka, each composed of eight mice. The first group received normal saline as control group. The second group received 50µ1 of vincristine obtained from BDH chemicals(i.p) intrapritoneally. The third group received the same does of vincristine then treated With 250 mg/kg of body weight crude extract of Eruca sativa for35 days of treatment. C-Cytogenic experiments: 1-Chromosome preparation from mouse bonemarrow. This preparation was done according to Allenet al.[15]. 2-Mitotic Index (M.I) The slides were examined under high dry power (40X) of light microscope and (1000) divided and non-divided cells were counted and the percentage rate was calculated for only the divided ones according to the following equation:- No.ofdividing cells ×100[16] M.I = ------------ No.ofdividingcells+No.ofnondivding cells D- Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using (ANOVA) test. Statisticalsignificancewas determined at p<0.05[17] Results A-The effect ofEruca sativa extract on mitoticindex in bonemarrow cells of male albion mice treated with vincristine: Table (1) showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in mitotic index of albino mice bonemarrow treated with vincrstine but, after the use ofEruca sativa extract there was an increase in the percentage of mitotic index similar to that found in control group. B-The effect of Eruca sativa extract on chromosomal aberration induced by vincristine in bonemarrow cells of male albino mice: There was significant increase (p<0.05) in the percentage of chromosome aberration compared with control group Table(2), the percentage of ring chromosome, was similar to that found in control. Due to the use ofEruca sativa extract, obvious decrease in the percentage of chromosome aberration was found. Discussion In spite of the benefits of chemotherapeutic drugs against cancer. It also, can cause chromosomal abnormalities due to the interfering with cell division and targeting the synthesis and function of DNA by binding to it (18). They considered a clastogenic compound [19, 20]. Also, they can affectct the fertility and progeny outcome [12]. Vincristine is one if these drugs which used as anticarcinogenic.Various types of secondary tumors in normal cells could resulting from prolonged use of these drugs . So, supplementation with natural antioxidant material may be reduced thegenotoxicity caused by chemotherapy [22, 23]. Due to the good reputation of Eruca sativa or rocket plant or aljarjeer 28 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 which is widely used in folk medicine ;this study tried to evaluate the effect of this plant extract on the genotoxicity caused by vincristine .the results in table 1 and 2 showed a significant arising in mitotic index percentage and a significant decrease of chromosome abnormalities and that is similar to the results of Lamyet al.[10] when they noticed the antigenotoxicity of rocket extract on human hepatoma (HepG2) cells towards benzo (a) pyrene induced DNA damage. Many researches explained the antimutagenic potential of different plant extracts[24,25,26,23]. Concerning the results of this study, the putative role ofEruca sativa extract on cancer chemoprevention due to the bioactivity of (GLS) Glucosinolate hydrolysis product namely (Isothiocynate) ITCs and its derived Erucin (ER) which is a major component found in rocket salad leaves and other parts. There is so manyevidenes about the cancer chemoperevention of ER in vitro and in vivo studies [8]. The antioxidant effect of ER due to it's reactivity with hydrogen peroxide and alkylhydroperoxides accumulated ln cell and peripheral blood to form water and an alcohol [27,28], or induction of phase II ‖ enzyme, or acting as precursor of sulforaphene (potent inducers detoxification electrophiles and increase cellular antioxidant defenses) [28,29]. Other compounds beside ITCs may also protect DNA from damage, like: polyphenolic compounds, carotenoids, volatile oils, flavonoids [10,14,30,31,32,33,34]. Vitamin C which also antioxidant both in vitro and in vivo has the potential of altering the genotoxic effects of reactive oxygen metabolic (ROMS) which can promote carcinogenesis by damaging DNA [35,36]. All these compounds known for theirchemopreventive activities and the interaction of these compounds led to the strong antigenotoxicity of Eruca sativa extract [10]. Refere nc es 1- Zink, T. and Chaffin, J. (1998). Herbal health products: What family physicians need to know. American Family Physician, 58(5):1133-1140 2- Higashimoto, M.; Purintrapiban, J. and Kataoka, K. (1993). Mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of extract of three species and medicinal plant in Thailand.Mut. Res., 303(3): 135-142. 3- Plewa, M. J. and Wagner, E. D. (1993). Activation of proutagens by green plants. Ann. Rev of Genetics, 27: 93-113. 4- Nandi, P.; Talukader, G. and Sharma, A. (1998). Plants against cancersome aspects. Nucleus, 41(1-2): 53-86. 5- Aşkin-Çelik, T. and Aslantürk, S. (2007). 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Effect of vitamin C supplementation on chromosome damage, apoptosis and necrosis ex vivo.Carcinogenesis, 20(6): 1035-1041. 36- Rahman, K. (2007). Studies on free radicals, antioxidants, and cofactors.Clin.lnterv. Aging., 2: 219-236 . Table (1): Percentage of mitotic index in male mice bonemarrow cells of different experimental groups. Mitotic index % (mean ± SE) Groups A 10.66 + 1.93 Control B 3.83 + 1.45 Vincristne (50µ1) A 11.92+ 2.03 (250mg/kg) Eruca sativa extract Different letters (A,B,C) mean Significant at (p<0.05) 31 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Table (2): Percentage of chromosomal aberration inmale mice bone marrow of different experimental groups Different letters (A,B,C) mean significant at (p<0.05) Chromosomal Aberration % m± SE Groups Total Chromos omegap Chromos ome break Ring Acenrt ric Dicentr ric Deletio n Chroma tid gap Chromati d break A 0.81+0. 023 A 0.02+0.00 9 A 0.08+0.04 A 0.04+0. 008 A 0.21+0. 006 A 0.18+0. 009 A 0.19+0. 06 A 0.04+0.0 06 A 0.05+0.00 5 Control B 2.38+0. 81 B 0.14+0.30 B 0.12+0.00 6 A 0.04+0. 004 B 0.82+0. 33 B 0.51+0. 32 B 0.32+0. 07 B 0.21+0.0 7 B 0.22+0.09 Vincrist ne (50µ1) A 0.35+0. 07 A 0.00+0.00 A 0.03+0.00 8 B 0.01+0. 003 C 0.06+0. 05 C 0.03+0. 01 A 0.12+0. 08 A 0.01+0.0 03 C 0.00+0.00 (250mg/ kg) Eruca sativa extract 32 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 للسمية الجينية لمستخلص نبات الجرجير على خاليا نقي العظم الفعالية المضادة لذكور الفئران البيض المعاملة بعقار الفنكرسيتن شيماء صباح مهدي قسم علوم الحياة ،جامعة بغداد كلية التربية ابن الهيثم 2012كانون الثاني 11قبل البحث في: 2011ايلول 8استلم البحث في: الخالصة العقاقير المضادة لألورام لها دور كبير وأساسي في محاربة السرطان. لكن هذا اليعني خلو هذه العقاقير من التأثيرات الجانبية في صحة اإلنسان، احد هذه العقاقير هو الفنكرستين. في هذه الدراسة تم التحقق من القابلية الوقائية يحظي بسمعة جيدة بوصفهنباتاً مضاداً للسرطان وضد التشوهات الكروموسومية للمستخلص الخام لنبات الجرجير والذي مايكروليتر من الفنكرستين المحقون 50وانخفاض دالة االنقسام لخاليا نقي العظم في ذكور الفئران البيض المعاملة بجرعة داخل الخلب البريتوني. نسبة مجموعة السيطرة وكذلك انخفاض معنوي للتشوهات بينت النتائج زيادة معنوية في دالة االنقسام مقاربة ل غم لكل كيلو غرام من وزن الجسم بالمستخلص الخام من 250الكروموسومية بعد خمسة وثالثين يوما من المعاملة بجرعة قار الفنكرستين.نبات الجرجير. هذه النتائج تبين تأثيرا مضاداً للسمية الجينية في خاليا نقي العظام الناتجة من المعاملة بع الفعالية المضادة للسمية الجنية ،خاليا نقي العظم، عقار الفنكرستين ،الجرجير . : الكلمات المفتاحية