191 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Spectral Study of the Pollutants ( Gelbstoff) in Water Liquefaction of Some areas of Baghdad Province by Using the Technique of Raman, Flora R . A. Ali , O.M.AbdulMunem, S. R. Salim Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Al- Mustansiriyah Received in: 23 May 2011, Accepted in: 7 December 2011 Abstract In this research we study one of the pollutants(Gelbstoff ) such as Humic and Fulvic Acids in tap waters by using the technique of Raman, Flora to some regions of Baghdad , the results appear that the tap waters were pollutants which know yellow substance or Gelbstoff instant of suspending waters, which appear through the scattering of the incident light to same the wave length of Raman ,also calculate Raman shift which was 3640 cm-1 and force constant to band (O – H ) was 743 N/m, where the peak of Raman was at the wave length 441 nm after used the excitation wave length 380 nm . The results were in an agreement with lectures [8][9][10]. Key word: Types of water pollutants, Gelbstoff, Raman spectrum Introduction The water is considered one of the oldest source which are known by the human and he deals with this matter which enters the biggest ratio the building of his body and it enters the biggest ratio of his foot ,so this matter has been studied in different sides of physics and chemistry [1] [2] . The pollution Gelbstoff is a term for (yellow coloured) dissolved organic matter in water. Gelbstoff means literally, 'yellow matter' in German. In 1976 Kirk suggested the alternative name 'gilvin' (Latin, gilvus = pale yellow), for the yellow pigments in natural waters, to replace 'yellow substance' or 'gelbstoff '[3]. Gelbstoff or gilvin, is an important component of water quality in natural waters. Quantitative study of gilvin production is however difficult since gilvin is not a well defined substance. Gelbstoff occurs naturally in waters primarily as a result of tannins released from decaying detritus (non-living particulate organic material) [4]. Gelbstoff most strongly absorbs short wavelength light ranging from blue to ultraviolet, whereas pure water absorbs longer wavelength red light. Therefore, non- turbid water with little or no gelbstoff appears blue. The color of water will range through green, yellow-green, and brown as gelbstoff increases. Well in fact I suppose is well known that if you mix blue and yellow you get green and form the pollution which is known as yellow matter or it is called Geltbstoff [5] . we call this pollution matter by yellow matter belongs to its high absorption in the area of (U.V ) ray and the blue of the spectrum [6] . Theoretical Gelbstaff or yellow substance has double bonds, which participate in the changes that take place in the resultant spectrum , therefore when light falls on the dissolving substances, the absorbing pant follows Beer Lambert law that states the amount of the absorbing light appropriate with the number of the absorbing particle. This law can be expressed as:- 192 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Log ( I / Io ) = Cε L ………………… (1) Where: Io , I : incident and transmitted intensity respective C : is the matter concentration ( mol ),L :is the cell thickness ( cm ) ε : molar absorptive The molecule of water which did not absorb in range of dissolving material absorption , is the polarized by the electric field action of the incident rays that leads to emission of Raman spectrum that follow the Law next law : - υR = υex ± ∆ υ …………….. (2) where : υR : is wave number of scattered ray ( Raman ) ,υex : is wave number of excitation ray, ∆ υ : is the different in the vibration levels . The positive and negative sign represent the shift toward long and short wavelength respectively. Experimental Many samples from tap water were taken from different regiens of Baghdad such as Al- Atefia, Al – Mansor, Al – Hurria, Sabea abkar, Nafg Al – Shurta, Al – Aneearia, Al – Beaa, Al – Shurta Al – Kamisa, Matar Al – Muthana, Al – Jadiria, Al – Amiria, Al – Kamalia, Madient Al – Sadar, Zeona, Bob Al – SHAM, standard water of Suidia ,standard water of Suidia for the compare . Measurements were made in (spectro fluoro photometer shimatzn) of water the contaminated materials and Raman spectrum in 2April 2010, Lab of Physics/College of science /University of AL-Mustansiriyah, Which consists of the device of two basic units, the unit, which consists of all the parts needed in the measurement process as it includes a lamp Zenon-capacity 150 watts if given the long wavelengths (200-800) nm and contains a unit recording, which is a complex electronic system consists of an electronic calculator which is the implementation of all directives to the main unit, also the samples were taken from different areas of the above measurements were taken for the fluorescence spectrum and Raman spectrum of samples in the quartz cell 1cm×1cm×5cm. Results and Discussion It was noticed from the figure (3) to (18) that there are three types of spectrum to show that the light incidence with wavelength 380 nm that is in the same of the excited wavelength, this spectrum belongs to the scattering to rayle spectrum and it confirms the bigger ratio of this scattering spectrum, this spectrum at the partial reelecting to the same level and then backing transferred. From the spectrum noticed that the wavelength 441 nm belongs to Raman scattering so called the non elastic scattering and that spectrum appears after the lost 193 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 of molecule part of its energy and it confirms then suffer from red shift towards the long wavelength. The third spectrum consider it as a wide bundle belongs to the Florence spectrum for the Gelbstoff or yellow substance and the absorption led to the transfer between the electronic levels when these levels suffer in the high excited levels to the ground level that led to emission of fluorescence spectrum and with wide bundle for the polluted substance, also we notice that the difference in the rational intensity from the shapes of Florence spectrum for the polluted substance and the reason for that according to the differences in the ratio these substances Gelbstoff in the selected samples and that it goes according to Berz lambart in equation (1), where the increasing in pollution lead to increase in relative intensity for florescence spectrum as illustrated in figures( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 12 ) . The pollution ratio in the sample of regions ( Itafia , Mansour ,and Mashtal ) are larger than appeared in the other samples and also pollution ratio is negligible in Medinat Al–sader sample and consequence with the standard sample of water that is produced in Saudi company For Raman spectrum it observed the difference in relative Intensity that due to variation in pollutions that scatter the spectrum or the incident light with the same wave length of Raman spectrum [ 6 ] [ 7 ] where the increasing of this pollution in the water means increasing ratio of scattered spectrum and vice versa [ 8 ] with respect to Raman spectrum it was calculated from the relation [ 9 ] . ∆ υ = 107 [ ( 1 / λex ) – ( 1 / λR ) ] ----------------------- (3) λex : Excitation wave length λR : Raman wave length where the Raman shift at 3630 nm and that consequence to most researcher that reach [ 6 ] [ 8 ] [ 10 ] and also calculate force constant of bound from relations :- ∆ υ = 1/2 c√ K / M ----------------------------------- ( 4) Where: M: reduces mass and equals mHMo / mH + Mo , C : light speed K: extinction coffeicens , mH: mass of hydrogen ,mo: mass of oxygen . Where the force constant( 741 N/m) and that consequence to the most researchers that reaches [6] Conclusions had been studied many samples of water for different regions show that Al–Sadar City is the best sample selected in the proportion of pollution compared with ather samples which contained a high proportion of the pollutants exceed allowable which depend on the stander water sample of water to( Saudi company), also in Raman spectrum note that the samples selected contain a proportion of contaminated materials, which cause an increase in the proportion of the relative intensity of the Raman spectrum. References 1-Brown, G. I . (1979),Introduction to physical chemistry” 2rd Ed.Von G. I. BROWN. Harlow: Longman Group Ltd, London. 194 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 2-Sienko, M. and Plane, R. (1971)chemistry Mc Grow- Hill, Vol-II, Longman Group Limited, London. 3-Silverstein, R .; Bassler ,G. and Morrill, T . (1981) Spectrometric identification of organic compound : John Wiley Publish. 4-Hortmann, J. and perrin, M.( 1988),Rotational – vibration of Spectra of H2O,J.Appt , 27 :3902-3913 . 5-Renter, R. ;Diebl, D . and Hengsterm – ann T ,(1993), Oceanographic Laser Remat Sencing : measurement of hydrographic Sea.J.Remate senciny ,14 (5):823-848. 6- Rafid, A. A. (2001),spectroscopic study to some suspending in Iraq Rivers water by Raman scattering technique ,M.Sc, Thesis, Al- Mustansiriya University . 7-Patsayeva First Internation Airborne Remote sensing conference and exhibitation , strosbourge France , (1994). 8-Rafid, S . A.; Uday, M . n. and Amani ,f . (2003), Algarcel limitation Raman spectrum of water and pollutants 01 Alfurate river by Raman Technique, J.Iraqi scince ,45(1): 125 – 130. 9-Nike, B.;Reater, R. ;Heuermann , R. ; Wony. H.; Bobin, M . and Therriault, J., (1997), Continental Sheif Research, 17 (3): 235 – 353. 10- Rafid, A . A.and Uday, M . n. and Refah, A. n . (2005), Spectroscopic study for the pollutants Gelbstoff Diyala River and its effect on Raman spectrum”, J . Eng . &Technology , 24 ( 4 ):323-332. Table ( 1 ) :Relative intensity of Gelbstoff and Peak of Gelbstoff No Sample s Re lative inte ns ity of Ge lbs toff(a.u) Pe ak of Ge lbs toff (nm) 1 Al – Kamalia 0.045 Out of scale 2 Al- Atefia 0.028 460 3 Al – Mansor 0.024 460 4 Al – Aneearia 0.015 459 5 Sabea abkar 0.015 459 6 Al – Jadiria 0.0125 459 7 Al – Hurria 0.01 458.5 8 Bob Al – SHAM 0.007 457 9 Al – Shurta Al - Kamisa 0.0065 457 10 Nafg Al – Shurta 0.004 456 11 Al – Beaa 0.0035 456 12 Zeona 0.003 456 13 Matar Al – Muthana 0.0025 456 14 Al – Amiria 0.0025 456 15 Madient Al – Sadar 0.000 …… 195 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Table ( 2 ): Relative intensity of Raman and Peak of Raman NO Sample Relative intensity of Raman (a.u) Peak of Raman ( nm) 1 Al- Atefia Out of scale ……. 2 Al – Mansor Out of scale ……. 3 Al – Hurria Out of scale ……. 4 Sabea abkar Out of scale ……. 5 Nafg Al – Shurta 0.052 441 6 Al – Aneearia 0.05 441 7 Al – Beaa 0.05 441 8 Al – Shurta Al - Kamisa 0.05 441 9 Matar Al – Muthana 0.048 441 10 Al – Jadiria 0.046 441 11 Al – Amiria 0.045 441 12 Al – Kamalia 0.045 441 13 Madient Al – Sadar 0.044 441 14 Zeona 0.03 441 15 Bob Al – SHAM 0.029 441 16 standard water of Suidia 0.023 441 16 standard water of Suidia 0.000 …… 196 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Fig .( 1 ) :Re lative intensity (a.u) Fig. ( 2 ) Re lative inte nsity (a.u) of s ample s for Ge lbs toff of s ample s for Raman Scatte ring Fig. ( 3) Fig. ( 4 ) Fig. ( 5 ) Fig. ( 6 ) التاجي 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 430 480 530 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) الجادريه 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 430 480 530 580 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) الحريه 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 430 480 530 580 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) الشرطه الخامسه 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 430 480 530 580 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) Al – Jadiria Al – Kamalia Al – Hurria Al – Shurta Al - Kamisa 197 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Fig. ( 7) Fig. ( 8 ) Fig .( 9 ) Fig .( 10 ) Fig. ( 11 ) Fig. ( 12 ) العطفيه 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 430 480 530 580 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) المشتل 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 430 480 530 580 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) العامريه 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 430 480 530 580 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) Al- Atefia Al – Amiria Al – Aneearia Sabea abkar Al – Ma ns or Bob Al – SHAM 198 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 Fig. ( 13 ) Fig. ( 14 ) Fig. ( 15) Fig. ( 16 ) Fig. ( 17) Fig. ( 18 ) مطار مثنى 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 430 480 530 580 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) سعودي 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) نفق الشرطه 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 380 430 480 530 580 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) مدينه الصدر 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 380 430 480 530 580 wav e le ngth nm R e la ti v e i n te n s it y ( a . u ) Nafg Al – Shurta Al – Beaa Zeona Madient Al – Sadar s tandard water of Sui dia Matar Al – Muthana 199 مجلة إبن الهيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية 2012 السنة 25 المجلد 2 العدد Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied S cience No. 2 Vol. 25 Year 2012 في إسالة المياه من بعض مناطق (المادة الصفراء)دراسة طيفية للملوثات محافظة بغداد باستخدام تقنية رامان، فلورا سالم سناء رسول ¡عدي مازن عبد المنعم ¡رافد عباس علي الجامعة المستنصرية ¡كلية العلوم ¡قسم الفيزياء 2011 كانون االول 7قبل البحث في: 2011 ايار 23استلم البحث في : الخالصه Fulvic æحد الملوثات الكيميائية التي تعرف بالمادة الصفراء والتي هي خليط من حامض Ãتم في هذا البحث دراسه Humic لبعض مناطق محافظه بغداد ، واظهرت النتائج احتواء باستخدام تقنية رامان، فلورا الموجوده في مياه االساله الى احتوائها على نسب من فضال" عن Gelbstoffاله على نسب من الملوثات التي تعرف بالماده الصفراء مياه االس أزاحه طيف رامان و بتلرامان ، و تم حس هبنفس الطول الموجيبالمواد العالقه التي تظهر من خالل تشتيت الضوء الساقط طيف رامان ةان قيم N/m ¡ÐÇ 743وكان قيمته É (O – H )لالصر Éوحساب ثابت القو ¡cm-1 3640التي كانت و جميع هذه النتائج كانت مقاربة مع nm 380 بعد استخدام طول موجي مهيج 441nmكانت عند الطول الموجي . [10][9][8]الدراسات السابقة : تلوث الماء ، المادة الصفراء ،أطياف رمان ةالكلمات المفتاحي