The particular dialect or language that a person chooses to use on any occasion is called a code 2169 Copyright © 2022 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 10, Number 2, December 2022 pp. 2169 - 2186 Psychogenic Needs of Affection in Novel "Warm Bodies" by Isaac Marion: A Psychological Approach Aditya Zadira1, Gaguk Rudianto2 adityazadira@gmail.com 1Student of English Department, Putera Batam University 2Lecturer of English Department, Putera Batam University Received: 2022-11-21 Accepted: 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v10i2.3045 Abstract This Research aims is to analyze and describe the form of Psychogenic needs of affection the needs of affection of the main character in “Warm Bodies” novel by Isaac Marion. In this research, researcher uses the Needs of Affection theory of Henry Murray. In the research design, researcher uses descriptive qualitative research, the primarily data is the Novel Warm Bodies by Isaac Marion which was published in 2011. The researcher uses Non- participatory observation as method of collecting the data. The researcher uses categorization data as the method of analyzing data. The researcher found the data all form the main character of the novel needs of affection based on experienced by main characters which are involved R and Julie. There are form of Psychogenic needs of affection such as need of affiliation found 3 data, need of rejection found 2 data, need of succorance found 2 data, need of nurturance 2 data and need of play found 1 data. Keywords: needs of affection; psychogenic; psychological. Introduction Affection is a psychological term used to describe a feeling. Affection includes the human need to get a good response or warm treatment from others in the form of compassion with the basic principle of feeling to be loved by giving and receiving. The need for affection needs to be discussed many times, in order to raise awareness in humans. Lack of affection has a negative impact on a person's life, feeling disappointment, loneliness, injustice and deciding to commit suicide. Based on statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021, suicide is the fourth largest death case worldwide. many suicides occur impulsively in times of crisis with impaired ability to deal with life's stressors, such as financial problems. family problems, broken relationships or chronic illness and illness. Head of the Tibetan http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:adityazadira@gmail.com Aditya Zadira, Gaguk Rudianto Psychogenic Needs Of Affection In Novel "Warm Bodies" By Isaac Marion : A Psychological Approach 2170 government, the Dalai lama says that "we can live without religion and meditation, but we cannot survive without human affection." The role of affection has a great impact in human life, because of love, humans can feel the joy of being alive. Some novelists also think that the importance of affection is frequently undervalued. In his classic work "Chocolate War," novelist Robert Cormier (1997) stated, "Love is one of the most ignored terms in English. People fling love phrases like confetti when they genuinely mean affection." Affection is frequently interpreted as the feeling given and received by someone in love. That is not how this opinion may be read. Affectionate emotions, such as rage or delight, are felt. The emotion sent by one person to someone or something else. Everyone 's responsible for the affection shown or accepted. Humans require some type of effort to offer or feel compassion for love. Human love generates non-sexual affection. This may be shown in the form of a mother's love for her kid, as well as the love of a man for a woman. This sensation is prevalent not just in people but also in animals when cares for and given attention. Humans are accountable for what is given and received, proving afterwards that it is worthy of devotion. As a result, affection plays the most important function. As a result, the role of affection has the biggest impact in life. According to Murray (2008:90) mentioned that subjectively, affection encompasses feelings of pleasure or dissatisfaction; objectively, affection manifests itself in affective activities such as disposition, attitude, voice intonation, pace of movement, and so on. The preceding sentence demonstrates that affection may be expressed through conduct or tone when speaking, rather than just words. However, in today's environment, humans do not appear to value affection. For example, if you were eating supper at a roadside stand and a tiny child was asking for food from an adult, most of the adults would ignore him and some would even toss him out. Wasn't God design mankind to love, give, and protect each other? The irony is that most people overlook the question of "How should it be human?" For this reason, researchers investigated the need for affection. The narrative begins with a man named "R" since it is the only letter he recalls. Despite this, "R" is an undead. He is distinct from the others in that he constantly questions his life before death and wishes to live again. He can think, his always worried about the emptiness inside him. The longing of "R" to be able to experience what it's like to be human again is evident throughout the novel "Warm Bodies." Not-forgotten horror is followed by the romanticism of a tragedy such as William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. However, it is exhibited in a new and different package. Warm Bodies is the best-selling novel by Isaac Marion. Unfortunately, the popularity of Warm Bodies is not from novels, but rather films that were appointed in 2013. Successfully won a number of nominations for the Teen Choice award (2013), Best World Soundtrack (2014), Golden Trailer Award (2013) and seven other nominations. Warm Bodies is a tragic, frightening, and touching love story. A seldom recalled life value, a large that covers "How to Be Human." The author, Isaac Marion, offers the narrative in a unique way, with horror-romance elements that make it enjoyable IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 2, December 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 2171 to read. Because of the affection he received from Julie, "R" gradually felt more human. Corpses cannot experience anything, from dreaming to coldness to sadness. In short, Isaac Marion as the author of the novel Warm Bodies wants to show the true power of affection. The power that can make someone who is "dead" inside, feel again what it feels like to be "alive" with a different point of view. While most of the affection needs a center on building relationship and connections, rejection is also part of the needs of affection as character development. Murray (2008:174) states that “The need of rejection is a negative tropism that must be avoided. A person who likes practically everyone or a misanthrope might be found on rare occasions. However, both needs are generally active, with the item encountered or the class to which the object belongs (profession, political party, nationality, religious sect, etc.) determining which need is activated. Based on the story above, the researcher found that the needs of affection were a major factor in the changes that occurred in the main character. Who is in a state of "death" can return to life, if given love such as loving, protecting, and other forms in the context of psychogenic needs of affection. There are many dialogues to prove contain needs of affection found this novel. One of the examples from form of need of affiliation. This can be evidenced by quotation below: “My friend “M” says the irony of being a zombie is that everything is funny, but you can’t smile, because your lips have rotted off” (Warm Bodies 2011:13). It shows, that R has fulfilled the need of affiliation by having a friend. Share thoughts with each other. In this study, the researcher has found several Journal Research which have the relation that analyze Novel “Warm Bodies”, the research finds there have been some researches about this Novel but the analysis different. For the first which is by Rizakiah (2018) this research is analysis Warm Bodies novel by Isaac Marion using Jung Theory of Archetypes, psychoanalysis approach. In her research found that the eight Jung Archetypes are represented by R and Julie's expressions and other character that had a relation with both characters in this film. R's identity is defined by his loneliness and seclusion, whereas Julie is defined as a powerful and bold individual. Other characters near to each key character describe their characters' shadows. Another Article or Journal Research entitled From Romero to Romeo— Shakespeare’s Star-Crossed Lovers Meeting Zombedy in Jonathan Levine’s Warm Aditya Zadira, Gaguk Rudianto Psychogenic Needs Of Affection In Novel "Warm Bodies" By Isaac Marion : A Psychological Approach 2172 Bodies written by Vinge (2010). The researcher using Warm Bodies (2013) movies as object of the data. film adaptation of Isaac Marion’s zombie novel inspired by William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. It’s analysis, how Shakespeare's Romeo aids in the transformation of the previously evolved cinematic zombie into a romantic protagonist, and how Shakespearean love tragedy, with its rich visual cinematic legacy, can successfully situate a zombie narrative within the rom com convention. This dissertation highlights the synergistic interactions between literary symbols and the cinematic monstrous by presenting the case of Shakespeare crossing the zombie horror genre. Therefore, the researcher analyzes the way main character fulfill needs of affection in Warm Bodies novel using Theory Psychogenic needs of affection by Henry Murray. The researcher believes that, theory can explain human needs of affection and helps to understand the meaning of affection deeply. Psychological criticism in literature refers to how a writer's work is examined via a psychological perspective. This method psychologically examines the creator of the piece or a character in his work. It assists readers in comprehending the writer's and characters' motivations. In other words, critical critique enables us to comprehend why the author writes the way he does, how his biographical conditions influence his work, and why the characters in the novel behave the way they do. For example, imagine the protagonist in the novel is a murderer; assessing the character's psychological condition and background may assist the reader understand why he became a killer. This criticism technique might go into the writer's intentions for choosing this topic and how his background has impacted his decision. For instance, knowing that the writer was a victim of a violent crime may compel the reader to perceive the tale extremely differently. Glassman and Hadad (2009:27) states that “Psychology employs a process of systematic observation and analysis known as "the scientific method." Indeed, psychology is frequently characterized as "the scientific study of behavior." Of course, definitions have restrictions, and this one does as well”. This psychological approach, which represents the impact of psychology both on literature and literary criticism, was heavily inspired by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung's work. Sigmund Freud proposed the hypothesis that literary compositions are an expression of the author's inner unconscious wants and worries. Thus, examining a character's conduct will assist the reader in tracing the character's childhood, family life, fascinations, traumas, and conflicts. These realities, though, are not immediately addressed in the art; they are frequently presented indirectly through dreams, symbols, and visions. As a result, this critique may occasionally give readers with hints to help them understand symbols, acts, and locations that are otherwise difficult to grasp. The aim of psychological research falls into three categories. First and foremost, the goal of studying conduct is to identify elements that influence the development and manifestation of behavior. Second, the psychologist is working to create a IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 2, December 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 2173 method for accurately predicting behavior. Third, psychology seeks to create procedures that will allow for the control of behavior, i.e., a method of "shaping" or directing the path of psychological development by altering those basic variables that contribute to the growth and manifestation of behavior. The psychological approach most immediately leads to a significant expansion of the meaning of a literary work. When we talk about psychology and its role in literature, readers are primarily interested in the author's imagination. Because all literary works are founded on some form of experience, and all authors are human, people are inevitably swept up in a large range of emotional problems (caused by experience). Although not all psychological study of literary work is performed to reach at an understanding of the literary work, readers must be prepared to use psychology to explore probability to some level. There are many figures who influence the development of psychological approaches as a branch of behavioral approaches, cognitive approaches, psychodynamic approaches, evolutionary approaches, biological approaches, humanistic approaches, and sociocultural/contextual approaches. Some well- known names as psychologists are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and then there is Henry Murray who followed Carl Jung's footsteps because of his admiration for his work. which need to be described in this study. The purpose of the presentation was to realize the core viewpoint of these figures pleasing to the notion of psychological theory. According to Glassman and Hadad (2009:299) Sigmund perspective in psychological especially, psychodynamic approach is seeks to understand behavior in terms of mental processes, with a focus on motivation and the influence of prior experience. Developed to psychoanalytic theory. Sigmund Freud recognized the importance of associations as a technique in psychoanalysis: he sought for patterns that would disclose the individual's inner problems by employing free association (that is, just asking the subject to utter whatever words came to mind). According to Freud, such tensions might result in a sort of forgetfulness known as repression. Consider this: Barbara, a teaching colleague who has been divorced from his wife. Soon after, he ran into an old classmate on the street. Recalled teaching the girl, the course she had taken, and even her final grade, but he couldn't recall her name. It was, of course, Barbara when he asked! The combination of names triggered a painful occurrence for our colleague, resulting in memory loss. The validity of suppression as a memory phenomenon has been debated for a long time. Aditya Zadira, Gaguk Rudianto Psychogenic Needs Of Affection In Novel "Warm Bodies" By Isaac Marion : A Psychological Approach 2174 (1) Psychological Approach. According to Carl Jung. According to Guerin et al. (2005:101) Carl Gustav Jung became well-known as one of the world's leading mythologists. Nonetheless, the two theories are unique, and mythology has a broader reach than psychology. For example, what psychoanalysis strives to uncover about an individual's psyche, mythology discloses about a people's mind and character. And, just as dreams represent an individual's hidden wishes and concerns, myths are symbolic projections of a dreams and hopes, ideals, fears, and aspirations. According to Murray (2008:80) states that “Secondary or psychogenic needs, which are apparently dependent on and created by basic needs, might be quickly stated. It depicts basic reaction systems and desires. It is not stated that these are basic biological demands, although some may be innate.” Psychogenic/secondary need, as described by US psychologist Henry Alexander Murray, is concerned with emotional fulfillment as opposed to biological satisfaction. Affiliative, dominance, and isolation are examples of psychogenic needs. Psychogenic Needs are caused by long-term tensions, with or without emotion, that are heavily impacted by external situations or representations reflecting these conditions. Thus, viscerogenic needs are focused with physical satisfactions, while psychogenic needs are concerned with emotional or mental fulfillments. Secondary requirements arise as a result of or are impacted by fundamental wants. Murray identified 17 secondary wants, each of which falls into one of eight need domains: ambition, materialism, prestige, power, sadomasochism, social conformity, affection, and information. Needs in each domain are underpinned by similar themes; for example, the ambition domain includes all needs related to success and recognition. Especially in needs of affection related to the research classification into five forms. 1. Need of Affiliation, Developing friendships and affiliations. welcoming, joining, and living with others cooperating and conversing with others in a cordial way to be in love. To take part in group activities. A.) Desires and effects, approaching and cooperating or reciprocating with an associated O: an O who resembles or likes the S. To entice and earn the love of a cathected O. To stick with and be faithful to a buddy. B.) Feelings and emotions, Trust, friendship, compassion, and love Empathic sympathy Trust an acquaintance as an example. C.) Trait-names and Attitudes, Friendly, sociable, respectful, likable, trustworthy, and good-natured. 2. Need of Rejection, Feelings of indifference, revulsion, aggravation, disdain, or disgust toward other people that are followed by acts of exclusion, avoiding, disengagement, expulsion, or neglect are referred to as apathy. A.) Desires and effects, to keep one's distance from a negatively cathected O. To reject, discard, expel, or be careless about a bad O. B.) Feelings and emotions, Disgust, scorn, boredom, and apathy Example: Rejecting a person who is a poor influence in order to decide what is good or bad IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 2, December 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 2175 for oneself. Going to reject someone who is a detrimental influence in order to determine what is good or bad for oneself. C.) Trait-names and Attitudes, Rejective, forbidding, ridiculing, arrogant, and haughty Isolated, disconnected, and uninterested. Selective, discriminatory, and critical. 3. Need of Succorance, the desire to be adored. To seek assistance, protection, or sympathy. to scream for aid, beg pardon, and rely on a warm, nurturing parent The Succorance drive is looking for a nurturer. A.) Desires and effects, to fulfill one's own needs with the compassionate assistance of supporters. Being looked after, supported, guarded, encircled, protected, cherished, advised, directed, pampered, forgiven, and comforted. To remain close to a devoted customer. To constantly be a supporter. B.) Feelings and emotions, anxiety over powerlessness; feelings of insecurity, abandonment, and desperation to obtain protection from a pal, for example. C.) Trait-names and Attitudes, Succorant, reliant, and helpless; sad, bereaved, and sorrowful; applicant, request, and asking. 4. Need of Nurturance, provide sympathy or meet the needs of others. The desire to be adored. assisting, feeding, supporting, amusing, protecting, or comforting / calming those in need of comfort and tranquility increase the well- being of the helpless Give your time, energy, or money to benefit others. Allow freedom. This urge can also be met by seeking amusement through drugs, alcohol, or food in order to forget misery and pain. The Nurturance drive is looking for a helper. A.) Desires and effects, to sympathize with and meet the needs of a vulnerable O, such as a newborn or any other O who is weak, crippled, exhausted, inexperienced, infirm, defeated, humiliated, lonely, sad, sick, or mentally ill. perplexed. To aid an O in need. feeding, assisting, supporting, safeguarding, consoling, nursing, and healing B.) Feelings and emotions, Feelings of pity, sympathy, and tenderness as an example, consider a mother who helps her child while he is in a difficult circumstance. C.) Trait-names and Attitudes, care, sympathetic, compassionate, kind, motherly, guardian, sustainer, father figure, benefactor, humanity; giving, merciful, gentle, patient, forgiving, tolerant. Aditya Zadira, Gaguk Rudianto Psychogenic Needs Of Affection In Novel "Warm Bodies" By Isaac Marion : A Psychological Approach 2176 5. Need of Play, a physical or mental leisure activity conducted just for enjoyment or entertainment and with no other goal in mind. Enjoy oneself by having fun, laughing, and relaxing. To prevent major tensions. Some individuals spend their leisure time doing things like sports, dancing, drinking parties, cards, and other indoor games. Their working hours can also be described as cheerful. likes to laugh and tell jokes about anything and everything This is attributed to the need of Play operation: the proclivity to behave for 'fun' with no other aim. A.) Trait-names and Attitudes, Playful, jovial, cheery, easygoing, lighthearted, and athletic. For example, having fun with a friend might help you achieve tranquility and prevent strain. The form or level of Psychogenic Needs, according to Murray. The researcher can connect the forms needs of affection in the Novel "Warm Bodies". The theory above can help researcher analyze form needs of affection occur to Human behavior. as it is, affection as a need that must be met by humans to get satisfaction with life. Indifference to fellow human beings is capable of causing the loss of humanity itself. Affection is a tangible form that must be realized, that loving each other indirectly gives a good life for humans. The second is Moputi1 and Husain2 (2018) entitled An Ambition Analysis Represented By The Main Character in Perfume: The Story Of A Murderer. Her journal discusses about the ambition of the main characters in Perfume: The Story of a Murderer. His research aims to demonstrate that the urge for ambition is fostered in order to meet psychogenic demands. She employed a qualitative research approach to obtain data on a screenplay movie. The study employs a psychological technique to examine the main character's imaginary behavior. According to the findings of her research, ambition has both causes and consequences. The distinction between his and the researcher stems from objective research that employs the need of ambition, even though that the theory is based on psychogenic needs. The third by Altymurat (2021) entitled Human Behavior in Organizations Related to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory. It’s about physiological requirements, comfort needs, the want to be loved and respected, and the need for self-esteem in this research. Using a qualitative approach to data collection. The research employs Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a psychological technique. The outcome of his research is that the way to act in the organization's success improves in meeting the purpose and goal which has been set forth to help others. The similarity between this research and researcher is using psychological approach. But with a different object of the research. The fourth by Kusumawijaya (2019), discusses the importance of accomplishment for SME workers in Bali. The study's purpose was to anticipate what would need to be done to increase entrepreneurial intent by affecting the leadership behaviors of SME employees in Bali. The 190 respondents for this study on SME workers in Bali were chosen using sampling technique, and the number of responses was 100%. Methods for doing research based on the desire for success, IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 2, December 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 2177 locus of control, and entrepreneurial ambition. The goal of the research was to use McClelland's urge for accomplishment. The quantitative data purposive sample approach was used, specifically SME employees in Bali. Techniques for collecting data include surveys and research tools based on the demand for accomplishment, locus of control, and entrepreneurial intention. The difference between her and the researcher is that objective research employs the need for achievement and data collection approaches such as sample questionnaires. The fifth is Gupta (2020) entitled Synergy Between Teaching and Freud’s Structural Theory of Personality: ID, Ego and Superego. This research looked into Students are like blank slates, with no prior beliefs or goals in mind. Given the current situation, pupils are having such horrific experiences that it is impossible for them to deal with peer pressure. Teachers who also function as mentors can examine their students' character and behaviors and respond properly. Their psychoanalytic critique has the potential to drastically alter pupils' lives. The focal study's purpose is to demonstrate how Internal Drive (ID), Ego, and Superego, three characteristics hypothesized by Sigmund Freud as forming a person's personality, impact teaching. Freud's work has influenced our knowledge of the human psyche. Using a qualitative approach. His study differs from that of other researchers who employ both psychological techniques and qualitative methodologies. However, the object of this study is not the same. The researcher mentioned above in relation to studies psychological about psychogenic demands of attachment that occurred in real life as an issue to be analyzed. There may be links between earlier studies mentioned above. The commonalities may be found in the purpose of the research, psychogenic needs, and technique research. There are other differences between prior researchers, such as the psychogenic form and the data source, which is fresh in this study. As a result, this study differs from the previous one. Method By employing qualitative study, the researcher got the data in the form of qualitative data. According to Creswell (2014:194) Qualitative research techniques differ from quantitative research methods in their approach to academic inquiry. Nonetheless, the techniques are comparable. Qualitative approaches make use of both textual and visual data. This research can then be classified as library research. It is study in which data is gathered from a range of literatures. The term "literature" Aditya Zadira, Gaguk Rudianto Psychogenic Needs Of Affection In Novel "Warm Bodies" By Isaac Marion : A Psychological Approach 2178 refers to not only books, but also content from journals, periodicals, newspapers, and the internet. The research design in this study may be regarded as an arrangement condition for gathering and evaluating data from Isaac Marion's novel "Warm Bodies. The data analysis is categorizing data related to what will be analyzed. According to Suyitno (2018:47) Categorization is the labeling of a data description based on prospective qualities and connections (associative) of the represented data interpretation. By basing on the psychological approach, the data analysis process uses Categorization method for analysis this thesis based on psychogenic needs of affection by Henry Murray. The object of the research is the Psychogenic needs of affection in the novel Warm Bodies by Isaac Marion focuses in main character. theory by Henry Murray (2008). In analyzing data researcher applied categorization based on that theory of psychogenic needs of affection. Finding And Disscusion The research question of this research explained forms of Psychogenic needs of affection which is occur to young zombie named, R as Main characters in Warm Bodies Novel by Isaac Marion. R is a young man with an existential crisis, he is a zombie. He shuffles across an America ravaged by war, societal breakdown, and his zombie colleagues' mindless hunger, but he needs more than blood and brains. He can only communicate in a few mumbled words, yet his inner existence is rich and full of wonder and desire. He has no memory, identity, or pulse, but he does have dreams. R makes an unexpected choice after witnessing a teenage boy's memories while digesting his brain, resulting in a stressful, awkward, yet weirdly lovely connection with the victim's human lover. Julie stands out amid the usually drab and gloomy scenery that surrounds R. His decision to defend her will change not just R, but also his fellow Dead, and even their whole dead universe. Cause of that memory R can feel it being alive again even just a minute. He makes it choice to save girl named Julie, R falling in love with her. Protect Julie always, take Julie to the airport which is the home of zombies. They teach each other life, taking the point of view of the living or the dead. The longer the feeling of love grows, however, love is built in two different worlds. On the other hand, a hopeless undead Bonney, chasing after them as well as General Grigio who wants his daughter back. Despite many obstacles, R still tries to find the meaning of life. Scary, funny, and surprisingly poignant, Warm Bodies is about being alive, being dead, and the blurry line in between. There are five forms of Psychogenic needs of affection then the researcher carried out classified the discrimination based on theory Henry Murray (2008). Need of Affiliation. Building ties and friendships necessitates the need for affiliation. To accept others, to join people, and to live beside them. To work with others and interact with IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 2, December 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 2179 them in a pleasant manner. To fall in love, to develop empathy, and to become a member of a group. R is conscious that he differs from the others around him. Though communication is difficult, it can be demonstrated that R's thought has no limitations; he regrets the loss of humanity and feels immense sorrow for having to consume the living. However, he must eat since it is only through consumption that R notices bursts of emotion, glimmers of sensation, and ephemeral flashes of color and vitality. On their next hunting excursion, R and his fellow zombies come upon a human enclave and go about their business as normal, but when R bites into one poor man's brain tissue, he sees life more vividly than he's ever seen it before. Reliving part of a young man called Perry's fragmentary recollections. R spots a stunning blonde named Julie and feels Perry's first-love flush. That same girl, now a young lady, is with R. and is destined to face a same fate as the rest of the little group of humans. R feels a need larger than that for flesh for the first time and is unable to ignore the pains of guilt. He makes the decision to protect Julie. The following below are the data found by researchers on needs of affiliation. Data 1 “We are going out to find food. A hunting party forms around us as we shuffle toward town. It’s not hard to find recruits for these expeditions, even if no one is hungry.” Warm Bodies (2011:14). The quotation above can be classified as that the Needs of Affiliation by having group. Life as a dead person is not tough. R, who lives at the airport with hundreds of other undead, is simply messing about. When M gets hungry, he gestures to the city and exclaims, "There is food that is humans." R quickly followed him, and a group was formed to look for food. It demonstrates that R has satisfied his need of affiliation by joining a group like a human. Form a hunting group to work together to attain a common aim of survival. Data 2 “I’m getting agitated. “Need it!” I shout, glaring at M. “Come . . . on.” I turn and start speed-lumbering toward the skyscraper. Focused thought. The rest of the group reflexively follows. M catches up and walks beside me, watching me with an uneasy grimace.” Warm Bodies (2011:23). The next day, R and his hunting party went back to the city in search of fresh human brains. He smelled the life in the skyscraper. R was restless at the moment Aditya Zadira, Gaguk Rudianto Psychogenic Needs Of Affection In Novel "Warm Bodies" By Isaac Marion : A Psychological Approach 2180 due to his insatiable appetite and requested his companion M to hurry. M is a terrific buddy who respects and cares about R. Infiltrating and assaulting human groupings. The quotation above shows that R has fulfilled the Needs of Affiliation, by showing interaction with friends in order to understand each other and “To please” from a friend in a trouble. As a result, R gets feelings and emotions in the form of empathy through his friend M. Data 3 “I nod slowly and point at her. “Dead,” I pronounce. I click my teeth and do an exaggerated zombie shuffle. “Okay,” she says. I lumber around in a circle with slow, shaky steps, letting out an occasional groan.” Warm Bodies (2011:44). Julie had already fled for dread of being in a location teeming with the undead. Unfortunately, she was caught in a swarm of zombies and had to flee beneath the plane's wing. R, who is aware of this, goes in search of him and rescues Julie from the circumstance. It can be shown that R has fulfilled the Needs of Affiliation, shows that "R" cares about Julie's safety even though she has been lied to. Need of Rejection Feelings of indifference, revulsion, aggravation, disdain, or disgust toward other people that are followed by acts of exclusion, avoidance, withdrawal, expulsion, or neglect are referred to as apathy. R drives Julie to his 'house,' a 747-jet strewn with random stuff. Despite the fact that R saved her life, Julie is enraged by his actions, leaving him feeling rejected and distant. R still tries to be kind to her, bringing a blanket for warmth as well as what little food and beverages he can locate. Julie comes to realize that R's 'virus' is truly a 'curse,' and that he still has human feelings, which contradicts what her father, General Grigio, the head of the human resistance, has taught her. Even though the reason Julie left R was the right decision. Because her didn't want R to be in danger. On the other hand, R feels that there is a rejection. An unfair life for the undead. The following below are the data found by researchers on needs of rejection. Data 1 “Nobody I know has any particular recollections. Just a hazy recollection of a long-gone world. Faint echoes of previous life that remain like phantom limbs. We notice civilization's buildings and automobiles, but we play no personal role in it. There is no history. We are just here. We do what we do, time passes, and no one asks questions.” Warm Bodies Marion (2011:13). A zombie named R narrates that he dies but it's not that bad. Because everyone will die too in the end. He lives at the airport with a herd of other zombies staggering aimlessly. However, he was different. R is determined to live. R questions his previous human life. On the other hand, R feels empty behind his despair. No one knows that those who walk after the human brain are humans too. Forever trapped in a dead feeling. The quotation above shows IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 2, December 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 2181 that R has fulfilled the need of rejection since the beginning of the story, he feels that the world ignores him just because he is not a creature that should exist in the world. Feelings and emotions felt by R in the form of indifference. Data 2 “Good-bye, R, the picture whispers to me. It’s that time now. It’s time to say it. Can you say it? I hold the picture in front of me, staring at it. I rub my fingers on it, smearing its fresh emulsion into rainbow blurs. I consider taking it with me, but no. I’m not ready to make Julie a souvenir.” Warm Bodies (2011:95). After escaping from the airport, R and Julie decide to stay in an old abandoned house near the city, because Julie's human body can't stand the cold. Unlike R, who doesn't feel cold. In the morning, Julie calls her father general grigio that he is fine and will return to where humans are on his own. However, Julie's expression looked sad. When he asked R for help to find gas. Julie left R with a message on the back of a photo of R and herself. R senses that Julie has rejected him into his life. The quotation above shows that it has fulfilled the need of rejection because it is ignored and feels shunned. The feelings and emotions that R felt were a form of rejection because they were considered a bad influence on Julie's life. Need of Succorance Need of succorance is the need to be loved, desired, gain forgiveness for faults, get support, acquire attention, and various sorts of self-satisfaction obtained from other people. A basic example might be a little toddler asking his parents for assistance in bringing him to school or a child seeking forgiveness from his parents when his test results are poor. It is seen in Chapter 1, as R feels cared for by Julie for constantly saving his life. The confused Julie kept looking at R as if the woman's eyes were falling in love with him and said What are you? Because of that closeness, R can fulfill the need of nurturing which is the need to love intimately and want reciprocity in the form of the need of succorance, the need to be loved. The following below are the data found by researchers on needs of Succorance. Data 1 Aditya Zadira, Gaguk Rudianto Psychogenic Needs Of Affection In Novel "Warm Bodies" By Isaac Marion : A Psychological Approach 2182 “And you know the craziest part, R?” she says. “Sometimes I barely believe you’re a zombie. Sometimes I think you’re just wearing stage makeup, because when you smile . . . it’s pretty hard to believe.” I lie down again and fold my hands behind my head. Embarrassed, I keep my face mirthless until Julie falls asleep.” Warm Bodies Marion (2011:72). Julie gets trapped by a swarm of zombies when she tries to flee the airport. R arrived to help her, and Julie was terrified, so she played the Sinatra song again. Julie followed the pattern and was surprised to see R grin, even though Julie assumed the wounds all over her body were only makeup, and it made R feel cared for. It can be shown through Julie's attention to R, that R has fulfilled the need of Succorance. The desire and effect that R got was a compliment that made him feel happy because he was noticed. Data 2 “Every last one of them is here. They look restless, agitated, and would clearly love to devour Julie, but they don’t move or make a sound. Over Julie’s heated protests I asked M to escort us out. He follows a few paces behind, huge and vigilant, scanning the crowd like a Secret Service agent.” Warm Bodies (2011:77). This occurs when R chooses to drive Julie from the airport to his residence. Julie had wished to be devoured alive while R was not around because of the prior occurrence. As a result, R approaches M for assistance in getting out of the airport and keeping Evil Boney away from Julie. Boney, on the other hand, stared at Julie with uncontrollable desire. M yelled at R to take Julie away and then block the group of hungry monsters with the aid of other coworkers. The quotation above shows that R has been fulfilled the need of succorance by getting help from a friend. Desires and effects obtained in the form of support and protection. Need of Nurturance Need of Nurturance is the desire to express sympathy or meet the needs of others, such as by assisting, supporting, protecting, feeding, or giving security in affiliation, nurturing needs are primarily concerned with the desire to please others, however in personal relationships, nurturing needs can be viewed as the need to love, such as offering freedom, safeguarding loved ones, being easy to forgive, pleading guilty, giving time to meet, or empathy. Nurturance needs must be encouraged by succorance needs. It can be shown, from chapter 1 how R as the main character who is a different undead can think about how his life is, thinking about his fellow undead. Starting from providing help when her friends want to hunt for food, helping Julie to be able to live and get out of the airport which is a nest of the undead. Nurturance needs are not only seen from the character R, but also other characters such as M, Julie, Perry, Julie Father, and IDEAS, Vol. 10, No. 2, December 2022 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 2183 Nora, Julie's roommate. The following below are the data found by researchers on needs of nurturance. Data 1 “I am the lowest thing. I am the bottom of the universe. I drop the photo onto the seat and look at the floor. “I’m . . . sorry,” I say again, and leave the plane. Warm Bodies (2011:35) Julie Asking numerous questions such as why she was saved and an equally significant topic, namely Julie talks about her lost lover Perry to R. R, who was full of emotions as Julie told her about how much she loved her partner. R, who feels terrible for Julie and guilty for eating Perry, apologizes indirectly for what he did; however, R is unable to tell him because the situation began with Perry assaulting him, thus he was compelled to murder Perry. The Quotation above shows that R has been fulfilled need of nurturance by feeling guilty for the death of Perry, Julie's lover. The nature and attitudes shown are sympathy and emotions that turn to pity for Julie. Data 2 “I look at Julie. She is trembling. I grip her hand and look at M. He nods. With the pulse-warmth of Julie’s hand flooding through my icy fingers I run.” Warm Bodies (2011:79) After Julie is nearly eaten by a hungry undead, R decides to take Julie out of the airport and back home. M aids Julie's rescue effort, while Boney violently barricades their surrounds. Boney, who is starving, bites Julie's neck, prompting her to scream. R fights up the wicked monsters and seeks assistance from his companions. M. M. barricades them with a stick and demands that R and Julie leave immediately. with a piercing shriek R and Julie then drove away, leaving the Mercedes parked on the road. Julie was shivering because she was terrified of what had happened, especially the bite that had barely wounded her on the neck. At that point, R grasped Julie's hand with the desired outcome of calming her down. It can be shown R saves Julie from danger and calms her down when she is in a state of anxiety by grasping Julie's hand which is an example of need of nurturance. The attitude and character shown by R when rescuing Julie is showing sympathy for people who are hurt or scared. Aditya Zadira, Gaguk Rudianto Psychogenic Needs Of Affection In Novel "Warm Bodies" By Isaac Marion : A Psychological Approach 2184 Need of Play A physical or mental leisure activity conducted just for enjoyment or entertainment and with no other goal in mind. Enjoy oneself by having fun, laughing, and relaxing. To prevent major tensions. Some individuals spend their leisure time doing things like sports, dancing, drinking parties, cards, and other indoor games. Their working hours can also be described as cheerful. loves to laugh and make jokes about anything and everything This is due to the requirement Play operation: the proclivity to behave for 'fun' with no ulterior motive. The following below are the data found by researchers on needs of play. Data 1 “The record plays. It’s Frank Sinatra. I can hear it faintly through the headphones, like a distant eulogy drifting on autumn air. Last night . . . when we were young . . .I close my eyes and hunch forward. My head sways vaguely in time with the music as verses float through the jet cabin, blending together in my ears.” Warm Bodies (2011:30) Finally, Julie woke up from her sleep. Next to him, R who is constantly staring. Julie was surprised that there was a zombie in front of her, backing away in fear. However, R still said that Julie was safe with him. R played his vinyl record with Frank Sinatra trying to calm him down. R felt calm as well as Julie drifting into the beat. The quotation above shows that R has fulfilled need of play by getting calm, relax. Traits and attitudes shown by R. Cheerful, easy going. Conclusion The researcher analyzes Needs of Affection the main character in Novel Warm Bodies by Isaac Marion applying theory of Murray. In this research used form Psychogenic needs of affection experience by main character in Novel. There are 5 forms of Psychogenic needs of affection like as need of affiliation, need of rejection, need of nurturance, need of succorance, and need of play. Researchers include all forms of needs of affection because each form has its own role in character development to fulfill his desires. The desire to live to be human again. The most impactful form is the need for nurturing and the need for succorance, because these two needs are interconnected. Because of this desire to be loved and to love, it is this that makes R able to return to being human and happy with Julie. References Altymurat, A. (2021). 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