686 Copyright © 2023 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 11, Number 1, June 2023 pp. 686 - 691 Deixis Analysis Found In “Bird Box” Movie Natalia Rebong1 Nurma Dhona Handayani2 pb181210011@puterabatam.ac.id Putera Batam University Received: 2023-04-11 Accepted: 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v11i1.3547 Abstract Deixis is part of pragmatics that people make in communication. In this research, the researchers analyzed deixis in utterances and the movie “Bird Box” is data source. The movie is 2018 horror movie that has deixis in the movie. The researchers analyze all utterances in the movie. This descriptive qualitative research found out types deixis in utterances of characters. The researchers used observational method with the technique of non- participatory. The pragmatic identity method with competence- in equalizing were used by the researchers. Then, the researchers use the theory from Yule (2017) to analyze deixis types that characters make. The findings show that deixis were used in the communication of the movie. There were totally 34 deixis data in spatial deixis, temporal deixis, and person deixis. 16 were in spatial deixis, 12 data in person deixis, and 6 data in the temporal deixis. The dominant is spatial deixis used by the characters to point places to other hearers in Bird Box movie. Keywords: deixis, types of deixis, pragmatics Introduction Pragmatics has phenomena people do by language. It is study of speaker meaning or what the speaker wants to say (Yule, 2017). There is pragmatics in deixis that is about pointing a person, thing, or place through language. It is important understand deixis because it is about something people see every day. Point something people have to know the context because different context has not same meaning. Not all words can be known if the speaker do not know real situation. Speaker has to know the situation to find out what the meaning in the deixis. Deixis is found in social media, such as Instagram, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and so on. Deixis is not only use in oral but also written (Kusumaningrum, 2016) . There is deixis in the Instagram of Maudy Ayunda. On the photo of 21 July 2022, there is deixis. The caption “Here, again.” The photo shows Maudy Ayunda is in Indonesia presidential palace. There are two photos in the same place. The first photo shows the woman smiles and the second she was standing at the yard. In her caption, there is the word “here” and it used to point the place. It refers to the presidential palace as the place that she visits. It means that the woman used the word “here” to point the place. Yule, (2017) said spatial deixis is said to point that is close or even far from the speaker. http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:pb181210011@puterabatam.ac.id IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 687 The researchers found deixis in different media. The media is movie has story to tell to viewers. The movie “Bird Box” is 2018 horror movie about a mother that try to protect her two kids from entities. The deixis in the movie has a lot and one of them was in 00:04:23-00:04:25 minutes. Jessica and Malorie are in Malorie’s house. Malorie was painting when the woman comes to her house. Jessica : “What channel, dumb-dumb?” Malorie : “Any one of them.” (Bier, 2018) Jessica comes to tell Malorie about a problem. In the conversation Jessica tells her that the store in street did not open anymore. She said everything became serious and Jessica became the speaker. Malorie then wants her to turn on the news in TV. She asked her to open when the hearer is looking for food in there. The speaker asked her about what channel and Malorie said “any one of them.” The word “them” is spatial deixis because it was produced to point the place where there is the news. Spatial deixis is said to point that is close or even far from the speaker (Yule, 2017). It says that deixis is a language phenomenon that appears in utterance. For research about deixis, there were lots of research and the researchers took two research. The first deixis research is from (Icha Sartika & Ambalegin, 2022). The researchers used short movie “Chef Kicks out Homeless Customer”. The deixis theory of speaker Yule (2017) was taken to analyze data. The results showed there were 83 data of deixis done by the main characters. It consisted of 70 data of person deixis, three data of temporal deixis, and 10 data of spatial deixis. The person deixis is the dominant type in the short movie. Then, the second research conducted by Khofiyaa & Silalahi (2022). The aim of their research is finding out deixis type applied by Joe Biden in speech. The data were taken from utterances of Joe Biden giving speech. Theory of Yule (2017) was the main theory of their research. It shows that there were 54 data of spatial deixis, 203 data of person deixis, and 45 data of temporal deixis. The type of person deixis was found as dominant type. It also shows that giving speech is important for Joe Biden as the president to get audiences’ attention. The present and previous research are different. This research used Bird Box movie as the data source. Bird Box movie was used because the researchers found deixis in the movie. The previous research and present research applied the same theory. It is about deixis and there are three deixis, such as temporal deixis, spatial deixis, and person deixis. In this research, the researchers found the types of deixis applied by all characters in Bird Box movie. Deixis Birner (2013) stated the term deixis is the language phenomenon done to point thing or person. It means that deixis becomes the phenomenon of language that a speaker makes while pointing something. The word “deixis” is from Greek word, which means to show or to point out. Deixis focuses on the relationship between language structure and context in which the deixis is applied (Huang, 2007). Therefore, deixis is applied when a speaker want to show place and time, or point a person. Deixis is described by Yule (2017) in the following way: (1) Person Deixis. It is type of deixis that pointing people and it uses pronoun. According to Yule (2017), person deixis is about pointing people by using pronoun me, you, her, us, him, them, that woman, and those idiots. It is used by not directly say the name of person and it makes context needs by the hearer to know what it is about. Person deixis has three kinds, such as first person, second person, and third person. “We gave them every tool they could need.” (Khofiyaa & Silalahi, 2022). (2) Spatial Deixis, Yule, (2017) said spatial deixis said to point that is close or even far from the speaker. It uses here, there, beside you, near that, and above your head to point a place. To know where the place that the speaker says, context helps to find the meaning. If the spatial deixis is not found out based on context, Natalia Rebong1 Deixis Analysis Found In “Bird Box” Movie 688 the hearer do not know where the place actually is. “Because I have an inspector sitting over there” (Sartika & Ambalegin, 2022). (3) Temporal Deixis, it points out the time that speaker want hearer know. Yule, (2017) mentioned temporal deixis is about period of time, such as now, then, last week, tomorrow, yesterday, and later. This defines that time of something happening is pointed out by temporal deixis. Temporal deixis helps to point out the place that someone wants to inform. “Global wheat prices have fallen from record highs recently but remain elevated. According to Rabobank commodity analyst Carlos Mera, they are expected to stay that way for some time.” (Tauchid et al., 2022) Method This is descriptive qualitative research and took explanation from (Creswell, 2013). The researchers analyze types of deixis in Bird Box movie. All types of deixis is analyzed using Yule’s theory. It used descriptive qualitative because there were words in the research result. Observational method and non-participatory by (Sudaryanto, 2015) were used because there is observation and the researcher is not participated. The researchers do the steps to get data for this research. The movie Bird Box was watch and download. Second step was done to watch the movie several times. Then, the researchers read the script and watched the movie. Finally, the researcher highlighted the deixis utterances from the movie. To analyze data, the researcher used method and technique from (Sudaryanto, 2015). It is pragmatic identity method and competence- in equalizing. The researchers used the method because it need to identify the data and the technique because the researchers analyzed by equalize it with theory. The steps are several for analyzing data. First step the researchers took the highlighted utterances to know the meaning. The researchers then equalizing the data with theory from the expert. Lastly, the result showed the total data and deixis types used in Bird Box movie. Results In this research, the researchers found 34 data of deixis. It appears in 16 data of spatial deixis, 12 data of person deixis and 6 data of temporal deixis. All deixis type appear and used in the movie. The researcher presented the total in table below. It starts with person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis. Table 1. Types of deixis in Bird Box movie No Type of deixis Frequency 1. Person Deixis 12 2. Spatial Deixis 16 3. Temporal Deixis 6 Total 34 Discussion Person Deixis Jessica: “…When a horse gets pregnant, it knows right away.” Doctor: “Does it?” (00:07:38-00:07:44) IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 689 Jessica (speaker) accompanies Malorie to check her baby. The speaker talks to the doctor as well about her condition. The speaker told her that when a horse gets pregnant, the horse’s way of eat is different. The speaker talked about horse by “it”. According to Yule (2017) person deixis is about pointing people by using pronoun me, you, her, us, him, them, that woman, and those idiots. It is used by not directly say the name of person and it makes context needs by the hearer to know what it is about. It has person deixis in the utterance. Jessica : “We should go feel sorry for ourselves with lunch and a bottle of wine.” Malorie: “Oh, finally, now you're making some sense.” (00:08:06-00:08:11) Jessica (speaker) discussed about the thing that the speaker and Malorie (hearer) will eat. The speaker said that they will eat lunch and wine. The speaker used “we” to talk about who will eat the food and drink. The word refers to Malorie and Jessica from the context. According to Yule (2017), person deixis is about pointing people by using pronoun me, you, her, us, him, them, that woman, and those idiots. It mean the deixis of person is in the utterance. Doctor: “You can make whatever choice you want. But what you can't do is ignore it and hope it just goes away.” Malorie: (Take brochure) (00:09:01-00:09:07) The doctor (speaker) wanted the hearer to take the decision. The speaker knew that the hearer did not feel happy about the baby. The speaker said that she can do whatever as long as she feel happy. But the speaker said the hearer cannot ignore the baby and just let the baby go. The speaker used “it” to talk about the baby. According to Yule (2017) person deixis is about pointing people by using pronoun me, you, her, us, him, them, that woman, and those idiots. This defines that the speaker used person deixis to say about the hearer’s baby. Spatial Deixis Malorie: “This is just a place. There is nothing more that we need from it” Children: (Listening) (00:01:25-00:01:29) Malorie (speaker) talks to her children before they leaving the dark place. The speaker wants them to do whatever she said. The speaker told that the place in which they were is just a place. There was nothing more than they can get from the dark place around Smith river. Based on context, the speaker talks the dark place and the utterance has “it” as the deixis. Yule, (2017) said spatial deixis said to point that is close or even far from the speaker. It uses here, there, beside you, near that, and above your head to point a place. It means the utterance has spatial deixis. Jessica: “Anyway, can't raise a kid here. Where would you even put her?” Malorie: “How do you know it's a she?” (00:06:46-00:06:51) Jessica (speaker) used the utterance to talk with Malorie (hearer). This is in the hearer house and the hearer is painting. The speaker asked where the hearer will put her baby because it is impossible to be here. The conversation set in the hearer house in which is in Monrovia. The speaker used “here” to talk about the place. Yule, (2017) said spatial deixis said to point that is close or even far from the speaker. It uses here to point place. In the utterance there is deixis of spatial. Jessica: “You okay in there?” Malorie: “I'm great.” (00:09:20-00:09:22) Jessica (speaker) asked about Malorie (hearer)’s condition. The hearer is vomiting because of her pregnancy condition that became worse. It even makes the doctor asks her to stay at hospital. The speaker was standing in front of toilet when the hearer inside of hospital toilet. The speaker used the word “there” to say about toilet as the place. Yule, (2017) mentioned spatial deixis said to point that is close or even far from the speaker. The Natalia Rebong1 Deixis Analysis Found In “Bird Box” Movie 690 speaker uses there to point the place where the hearer is in. There is the spatial deixis in the conversation. Tom: “Come in.” Malorie: (Standing) (00:15:02-00:15:04) Tom (speaker) help Malorie (hearer) to be safe. The speaker did not want the hearer to be killed by the mysterious entity out there. The speaker then asks her to come in house because there is a house around it. The speaker used “in” become the place that he means. It is in the utterance “come in” and the speaker also helps to permit to others. Yule, (2017) said spatial deixis said to point that is close or even far from the speaker. The speaker used the utterance to show deixis spatial. Temporal Deixis Malorie: “I never slept well before I had this condition.” Doctor: “It's called pregnancy. It's okay to say it out loud.” (00:07:26-00:07:31) Malorie (speaker) says that she never slept well. The doctor (hearer) was checking her pregnancy through USG. The speaker told her that she was okay before she had this condition. The speaker is on pregnant and the speaker felt unwell. Yule, (2017) mentioned temporal deixis is about period of time, such as now, then, last week, tomorrow, yesterday, and later. This defines that time of something happening is pointed out by temporal deixis . Temporal deixis helps to point out the place that someone wants to inform. There is the temporal deixis in the utterance to talk time. Doctor: “Only this time, you won't be going home by yourself.” Malorie: “I know. I know.” (00:08:47-00; 08:52) The doctor (speaker) tries to make Malorie (hearer) feels patient. The hearer was not happy with the baby. The speaker wanted her to stay at the hospital only at the time when she felt unwell and the doctor do recovery for her. The speaker used the word “this time” to talk about the time when they knowing bad condition. Yule, (2017) mentioned temporal deixis is about period of time, such as now, then, last week, tomorrow, yesterday, and later. This means that the speaker used temporal deixis. Felix: “So we can't do anything. But wait here until we go crazy like him?” Cheryl: “The army is bound to get this under control.” (01:22:02-07:-01:22:07) Felix (speaker) try to convince the Cheryl (hearer) to not believe in Charlie. The speaker did not want the hearer to go crazy like the man because he talked a lot about a myth of the mystery. The speaker used the word “him” to point the man, who is Charlie. The speaker used it to inform Cheryl. According to Yule, (2017) person deixis is about pointing people by using pronoun me, you, her, us, him, them, that woman, and those idiots. There is person deixis in the conversation. Conclusion This research analyzed types of deixis in movie. The result showed 34 data of deixis in Bird Box movie. All deixis are used in the movie and the deixis were used to point thing or person. In the data, the researcher found 16 data of spatial deixis, 12 data of person deixis, and 6 data of temporal deixis. The dominant type is found in spatial deixis because characters used it many times to point the places. The topic of deixis is important to learn because it is find in all utterances and help people to point everything to others. Understanding deixis makes there is no misunderstanding in communication. References Bier, S. (2018). Bird box. Netflix. 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