425 Copyright © 2023 The Author IDEAS is licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Issued by English study program of IAIN Palopo IDEAS Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) Volume 11, Number 1, June 2023 pp. 425 - 433 The Types of Impoliteness in “Inside Out” The Movie Muchamad Daffa1, Mhd Johan2 1pb191210058@upbatam.ac.id, 2Mhd.Johan@puterabatam.ac.id 1Sastra Inggris, Universitas Putera Batam, Batam, Indonesia 2Sastra Inggris, Universitas Putera Batam, Batam, Indonesia Received: 2023-01-23 Accepted: 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v11i1.3550 Abstract This study uses a pragmatic study to observe types of impoliteness based on the film "Inside Out". The purpose of this research is to find out the types of impoliteness used by the characters in the movie "inside out". then, the researcher used the theory from Culpeper (2011)to analyze the data. the data source was found from the speakers and hearers in the movie "inside out". to provide research results, researchers used a research design in the form of descriptive qualitative. The research design used by researchers comes from Creswell (2009). for data collection, researchers used the observational method by Sudaryanto (2015). data collection techniques carried out by researchers, namely, first the researcher watched the film "inside out". second, the researcher reads the transcript and looks at the context to be analyzed. third, the researcher finally found the types of impoliteness that occur between the characters in the movie "inside out". Thus, the researcher can find 13 utterances that contain types of impoliteness. utterances that contain types of impoliteness are used by speakers and listeners in the film "inside out", with the discovery of 8 forms of coercive impoliteness, affective impoliteness, and entertaining impoliteness. Keywords: movie; pragmatic; types of impoliteness Introduction In our daily lives as humans need to communicate with each other. Communication occurs because there is something to be conveyed. The function of communication itself is to provide information, argue and others. however, in communication there are often impolite words and statements. the use of impoliteness has a function when someone uses it in communicating. According to Culpeper (1996) impoliteness is behavior that can cause or lead to social conflict or social disharmony. The impoliteness that the character utters has its own function in using it. Culpeper (2011) stated that sometimes people are intentionally rude in order to exert control over a situation. The purpose of this research is to find out the types of impoliteness used by the characters in the movie "Inside Out". then, the researcher used the theory from Culpeper (2011)to analyze the data. From this impoliteness, the writer finds an issue in the Disney film entitled inside out. in the film there are expressions of impoliteness used by the characters http://u.lipi.go.id/1457703302 mailto:1pb191210058@upbatam.ac.id Muchamad Daffa, Mhd Johan The Types of Impoliteness in “Inside Out” The Movie 426 in the film. It was found in expression “Okay, caution! There is a dangerous smell, people. Hold on, what is that?” the speaker (disgust) said that because she thought that what she saw was something disgusting to Riley and tried to ask and give statement to the hearer below: Speaker (disgust): Okay, caution! There is a dangerous smell, people. Hold on, what is that? Hearer (joy): This is Disgust. She basically keeps Riley from being poisoned, physically and socially. The speaker (disgust) thought that what she saw was something disgusting to Riley, or something strange and disturbing. The hearer just explains to the audience that the speaker (disgust) has a characteristic like the hearer said above. From the utterances that speaker said, it is included in the form of coercive type, because the speaker has the power to say that, namely, to prevent Riley from things that are disgusting and strange. Researchers found several studies related to impoliteness. The first research is conducted by Kadhum & Abbas (2020). The researcher discussed about platform YouTube where rude language and behavior are common. The goal of this study is to identify the various forms of impoliteness displayed in the chosen scenes and determine if there is a correlation between the status of the speaker and the form of impoliteness displayed. The second was conducted by Fouad Kadhum & Fadhil Abbas (2021), the researcher explained about purpose of rudeness in four moments from The Marva Collins film and its application to student-teacher interactions. The purpose of this study is to see if there is a correlation between the standing of the speaker and the strategy of impoliteness employed in the four chosen scenes. The previous research and present research used the theory developed by Culpeper (1996,2005) to classify impoliteness strategies and types of impoliteness. The similarities of previous research and present research were in the topic of impoliteness. The differences were in data source and how to classify impoliteness. In present research, the present research uses Disney movie namely “Inside Out” and the aim of this study is to find the types of impoliteness in utterances that reflected in characters’ utterances. Method This research used descriptive qualitative. According to Creswell (2009) that when the factors and conceptual base of a topic are unknown, researchers often turn to qualitative research, which is exploratory in nature. The data was taken from Disney movie with the tittle “Inside out”. This research took observational method to collecting data process by Sudaryanto (2015). For this study, the researcher analyzed the types of impoliteness based on the utterances that appear among the characters in the film. The reason why the qualitative method is applied is because this research is done in intervals and it can be easier to get the sources of utterances by both speakers and listeners. besides that, this research serves to understand the meaning behind the utterances said by speakers and hearers. In collecting data, there are several steps taken by the researcher. First, the researcher watches the "inside out" movie. second, the IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 427 researcher reads the transcript and looks for context to analyze. Finally, the researchers found all the problems related to the use of immodesty types from the movie "Inside Out". Results In this study shows that there is impoliteness in the speech that occurs in the Disney movie entitled "Inside Out". there are 13 utterances of impoliteness which are said with a certain function called types of impoliteness. The types of impoliteness found in this study are 8 forms of coercive, 4 affective and 1 entertaining. Table 1. The types of impoliteness in utterances characters in “Inside Out” movie Types of impoliteness Utterances Frequency Coercive impoliteness - Okay, caution! There is a dangerous smell, people. Hold on, what is that? - Did you even read the contract? - Just don’t touch any other memories until we figure out what’s going on. - Hey, it’s not MY place to tell you how to do your job. Just make sure -- ALL the Sadness stays in the circle. - You like to read minds, Meg? I got something for you to read right here! - If you want to walk the long way, go for it. But Riley needs to be happy. I ‘m not 8 Muchamad Daffa, Mhd Johan The Types of Impoliteness in “Inside Out” The Movie 428 missing that train. Bing Bong knows what he’s doing. He's part dolphin. They're very smart. - Stop saying everything will be alright! - I’d tell you, but you’re too dumb to understand. Affective impoliteness - It’s the worst. It’s absolutely the worst. - I don’t want to hear about your nerves! - Are you kidding?? We’re not TALKING to them, we want them to like us. - Look. We have no core memories. You want Riley to be happy? Let’s get back to Minnesota and make more. 4 Entertaining impoliteness - We're taking the bus, nitwit! 1 Total 13 IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 429 Data 1 The first data comes from a character named fear and sadness who asks aboutsomething that riley will eat. Fear/Sadness: Do you think it’s safe? /What is it? Disgust: Okay, caution! There is a dangerous smell, people. Hold on, what is that? Disgust seems to be very careful in something that will be faced by Riley. he arrogantly said "Okay, caution! There is a dangerous smell, people. Hold on, what is that?". he wanted to show that he had the authority to control what Riley would do because he would prevent Riley from being poisoned, physically and socially. thus, coercive impoliteness occurs in this scene. Data 2 There was an incident where the speaker tried to ask the hearer and complained about the moving luggage van not coming. Mom: Did you even read the contract? Dad: Honey, you act like this is my fault. in this situation, the speaker seems to blame the hearer for not reading the contract that was agreed to move the moving object. here the speaker uses coercive impoliteness because the speaker has the power to attack the hearer's face. Data 3 here the speaker doesn't seem to want the listener to participate in looking after Riley. Joy: Just don’t touch any other memories until we figure out what’s going on. Sadness: Okay. Joy doesn't really like sadness, because she thinks sadness can make Riley's day feel sad and bad. here the speaker uses coercive impoliteness because the speaker has the power to keep Riley from being sad. Data 4 In this conversation, the hearer doesn't want the speaker to participate in a work. Sadness: So -- you want me to just stand here? Joy: Hey, it’s not MY place to tell you how to do your job. Just make sure -- ALL the Sadness stays in the circle. here joy is trying so that sadness does not participate in a work that has been planned. because of that, joy uses coercive impoliteness because he insists that the character sadness doesn't follow the work that has been planned. Muchamad Daffa, Mhd Johan The Types of Impoliteness in “Inside Out” The Movie 430 Data 5 In this conversation anger feels disliked and feels challenged. Meg: We can pass the puck to each other without even looking. It’s like mind reading! Anger: You like to read minds, Meg? I got something for you to read right here! The following conversation is when Meg tells Riley about his talent, which is to read minds, but Anger, as a hearer, doesn't like that and feels challenged so he uses coercive impoliteness, in which he uses a raised tone of voice to the speaker. Data 6 In this conversation, it can be seen that the speaker is annoyed with the hearer. Joy: If you want to walk the long way, go for it. But Riley needs to be happy. I ‘m not missing that train. Bing Bong knows what he’s doing. He's part dolphin. They're very smart. Sadness: Well, I guess- In this conversation, joy looks annoyed to sadness. speaker is annoyed with hearer because hearer did a disservice to joy, therefore joy uses coercive impoliteness because he has the power to make Riley happy. Data 7 In this conversation, the hearer used a high pitch on the speaker because she was annoyed. Mom: Hey, it’ll be alright. Let’s just-- Riley: Stop saying everything will be alright! The conversation occurred when Riley was participating in a hockey game, but she felt that he was not focused on the game, so she used a high pitch to the speaker, which Riley uses coercive impoliteness in this scene. Data 8 This conversation occurs because the hearer wants to upset the speaker. Anger: Well, what would you do, if you’re so smart?! Disgust: I’d tell you, but you’re too dumb to understand. here the hearer intentionally makes the speaker feel annoyed by using a tone that is not pleasant to hear, in other words the hearer uses coercive impoliteness to make the speaker feel offended by her words. Data 9 In this conversation the speaker uses affective impoliteness when they enter a new house when they move. Disgust: It’s the worst. It’s absolutely the worst. IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 431 Anger: This house stinks. in the conversation it can be seen that the speakers really don't like the atmosphere of the new house they live in, so it can be said that the speakers are using affective impoliteness. Data 10 Here the hearers seem not to care or like the speaker's reaction. Fear: Oh, I’m so jumpy, my nerves are shot! Disgust: Ew, I don’t want to hear about your nerves! In this conversation the speaker feels uneasy about something, but the hearer doesn't like it, so the hearer is honest about it. the utterances expressed by hearers are included in affective impoliteness. Data 11 This conversation took place when riley went to school as a transfer student. Joy: Let’s go talk to ‘em! Disgust: Are you kidding?? We’re not TALKING to them, we want them to like us. it can be seen that the hearer does not like the opinion of the speaker so that he emits a tone of hatred which is included in affective impoliteness. Data 12 The speaker looked doubtful, so he asked the hearer, but the heater answered with displeasure. Fear: Wait, wait, hang on, guys. Are we really doing this? I mean, this is serious. Anger: Look. We have no core memories. You want Riley to be happy? Let’s get back to Minnesota and make more. It can be seen that the hearer doesn't want to beat around the bush anymore, so he says that into the speaker, affective impoliteness occurs in this scene. Data 13 An example of entertaining impoliteness also occurs in this scene when the speaker and hearer are arguing. Anger: Well, why don’t we go to the elephant lot and rent an elephant? Fear: Hey! That sounds nice! Anger: We're taking the bus, nitwit! In this conversation, the hearer replied to the speaker's words with impolite jokes, which are included in entertaining impoliteness. Muchamad Daffa, Mhd Johan The Types of Impoliteness in “Inside Out” The Movie 432 Discussion Pragmatic Nowadays we often provide information through the language we use. The language we use in communicating is known as pragmatics. Pragmatics is the study of the external structure of meaning in language, or how a linguistic unit is put to use in actual conversation. According to Yule (1996)Pragmatics is the study of how language is used in real-world situations, which is primarily influenced by the context that language exists within. Pragmatics has a role in language when the language is used to speak words. Usually, the language used in speaking has a function as a means of communication, such as providing information, giving opinions and socializing in society. however, the language used sometimes contains impoliteness. this use of impoliteness serves a function in its use. Types of impoliteness However, we often find that the use of language in communicating is not proper, but the language used is impolite. According to Culpeper et al (2003) Impoliteness is a relationship in communication that creates social disharmony. someone who uses impolite language in communicating has a specific purpose, where impoliteness has several functions in its use, which are called types of impoliteness. According to Culpeper (2011) there are several types of impoliteness, there are coercive impoliteness, affective impoliteness, and entertaining impoliteness. It is determined that affective impoliteness is a result of anger in response to provocation. coercive impoliteness is when a person speaks to another with the intent of gaining power over them. Impolite comments made with the intention of making the recipient laugh are definitions of entertaining impoliteness. Conclusion Types of impoliteness are forms of impoliteness that are used by someone in conveying impoliteness with a specific purpose. which impoliteness has a function in its use. Besides that, the use of types of impoliteness also occurs in the Disney film "Inside Out", where the characters in the film use impolite language with a specific purpose or function. Thus, the use of impoliteness is influenced by the types of impoliteness as a function of the use of impoliteness in communication. So, researchers can find types of impoliteness in the Disney movie entitled "inside out" such as 8 forms of coercive impoliteness, 4 forms of affective impoliteness and 1 entertaining impoliteness with a total of 13 data results found by researchers. IDEAS, Vol. 11, No. 1, June 2023 ISSN 2338-4778 (Print) ISSN 2548-4192 (Online) 433 References Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. In Intercultural Education (3rd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1080/14675980902922143 Culpeper, J. (1996). Towards an anatomy of impoliteness. Journal of Pragmatics, 25(3), 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(95)00014-3 Culpeper, J. (2005). Impoliteness and entertainment in the television quiz show: The Weakest Link. Journal of Politeness Research, 1(1), 35–72. https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35 Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness Using Language to Cause Offence. In P. Drew, M. H. Goodwin, J. J. Gumperz, & D. 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